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be
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
link
the
subject
of
a
sentence
with
a
description
,
identity
,
or
state
•
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
•
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
Old
English
“
beon
”
and
“
wesan
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
“
to
exist
”
and
“
to
dwell
”.
These
merged
over
time
into
the
single
modern
verb
“
be
”.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
another
verb
’
s
present
participle
to
form
the
continuous
(
progressive
)
tenses
•
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
•
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
exist
,
live
,
or
remain
alive
•
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
•
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
happen
or
take
place
,
often
indicating
time
or
location
of
an
event
•
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
•
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
a
past
participle
to
form
the
passive
voice
•
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
•
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
area
noun
a
part
of
a
place
,
city
,
country
,
or
the
world
•
This
area
of
the
city
is
famous
for
its
street
food
.
This
area
of
the
city
is
famous
for
its
street
food
.
•
They
are
building
a
new
park
in
the
residential
area
near
the
river
.
They
are
building
a
new
park
in
the
residential
area
near
the
river
.
noun
the
amount
of
surface
space
inside
a
shape
,
measured
in
square
units
•
The
area
of
the
rectangle
is
20
square
centimeters
.
The
area
of
the
rectangle
is
20
square
centimeters
.
•
We
learned
how
to
find
the
area
of
a
circle
in
math
class
.
We
learned
how
to
find
the
area
of
a
circle
in
math
class
.
noun
a
subject
or
type
of
activity
that
someone
studies
,
works
in
,
or
is
interested
in
•
Her
main
area
of
interest
is
environmental
science
.
Her
main
area
of
interest
is
environmental
science
.
•
He
has
worked
in
the
area
of
computer
security
for
years
.
He
has
worked
in
the
area
of
computer
security
for
years
.
parent
noun
a
mother
or
a
father
;
an
adult
who
has
or
cares
for
a
child
•
My
parent
comes
to
every
school
play
to
support
me
.
My
parent
comes
to
every
school
play
to
support
me
.
•
Each
parent
signed
the
permission
slip
for
the
field
trip
.
Each
parent
signed
the
permission
slip
for
the
field
trip
.
From
Latin
parens
“
father
or
mother
”,
present
participle
of
parere
“
to
give
birth
”.
verb
to
care
for
,
guide
,
and
raise
a
child
while
they
grow
•
They
try
to
parent
their
children
with
patience
and
love
.
They
try
to
parent
their
children
with
patience
and
love
.
•
It
can
be
challenging
to
parent
in
a
busy
city
.
It
can
be
challenging
to
parent
in
a
busy
city
.
Verb
use
recorded
from
the
mid-17th
century
,
derived
from
the
noun
“
parent
.”
noun
something
that
gives
rise
to
or
contains
others
of
the
same
kind
,
such
as
a
company
that
owns
subsidiaries
,
a
cell
that
divides
,
or
a
folder
that
holds
subfolders
•
The
startup
was
later
sold
to
its
parent
company
.
The
startup
was
later
sold
to
its
parent
company
.
•
In
biology
,
a
parent
cell
divides
into
two
daughter
cells
.
In
biology
,
a
parent
cell
divides
into
two
daughter
cells
.
Extended
technical
senses
developed
in
the
19th
and
20th
centuries
by
metaphorical
use
of
the
original
family
meaning
.
appear
verb
to
come
into
sight
after
not
being
seen
•
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
•
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
From
Latin
apparēre
meaning
“
to
become
visible
,
to
be
evident
.”
verb
to
seem
or
give
the
impression
of
being
something
•
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
•
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
Latin
apparēre
.
verb
to
be
printed
,
shown
,
or
become
available
to
read
or
use
•
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
•
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
Use
developed
with
the
rise
of
print
media
and
later
digital
displays
.
verb
to
take
part
in
a
public
performance
or
to
be
present
officially
•
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
•
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
Sense
extended
in
Middle
English
to
public
performances
and
legal
presence
.
clear
adjective
-
clear
,
clearer
,
clearest
easy
to
understand
,
obvious
,
or
not
confusing
•
Her
explanation
was
so
clear
that
everyone
understood
.
Her
explanation
was
so
clear
that
everyone
understood
.
•
Use
short
,
clear
sentences
in
your
report
.
Use
short
,
clear
sentences
in
your
report
.
From
Middle
English
cler
,
from
Old
French
cler
,
from
Latin
clarus
“
bright
,
distinct
,
clear
.”
adjective
-
clear
,
clearer
,
clearest
able
to
be
seen
through
;
transparent
or
not
cloudy
•
The
water
in
the
mountain
stream
was
perfectly
clear
.
The
water
in
the
mountain
stream
was
perfectly
clear
.
•
She
chose
a
vase
made
of
clear
glass
.
She
chose
a
vase
made
of
clear
glass
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
verb
to
remove
things
from
a
place
so
that
nothing
is
left
blocking
or
covering
it
•
Could
you
clear
the
dishes
from
the
table
?
Could
you
clear
the
dishes
from
the
table
?
•
Firefighters
worked
to
clear
the
road
of
fallen
branches
.
Firefighters
worked
to
clear
the
road
of
fallen
branches
.
From
Middle
English
cleren
,
from
the
adjective
.
verb
(
of
weather
or
the
sky
)
to
become
free
of
clouds
,
rain
,
or
fog
•
The
storm
lasted
all
night
but
it
cleared
by
morning
.
The
storm
lasted
all
night
but
it
cleared
by
morning
.
•
If
the
fog
clears
,
we
can
see
the
mountains
.
If
the
fog
clears
,
we
can
see
the
mountains
.
Extension
of
the
verb
sense
based
on
the
adjective
.
career
noun
A
job
or
series
of
related
jobs
that
a
person
does
for
a
long
time
,
usually
with
opportunities
for
progress
and
growth
.
•
After
college
,
Maria
decided
to
pursue
a
career
in
environmental
law
.
After
college
,
Maria
decided
to
pursue
a
career
in
environmental
law
.
•
He
hopes
his
internship
will
lead
to
a
long
career
at
the
newspaper
.
He
hopes
his
internship
will
lead
to
a
long
career
at
the
newspaper
.
Early
16th
century
,
from
French
"
carrière
"
meaning
racecourse
,
from
Italian
"
carriera
" ‘
road
for
vehicles
’;
later
extended
to
mean
the
course
of
one
’
s
professional
life
.
verb
To
move
forward
rapidly
and
out
of
control
,
often
in
a
dangerous
way
.
•
The
truck
careered
down
the
icy
hill
,
scattering
snow
everywhere
.
The
truck
careered
down
the
icy
hill
,
scattering
snow
everywhere
.
•
A
soccer
ball
careered
across
the
playground
and
hit
the
fence
.
A
soccer
ball
careered
across
the
playground
and
hit
the
fence
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
the
idea
of
a
horse
racing
‘
full
career
’
along
a
track
,
later
applied
to
uncontrolled
motion
.
share
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
give
part
of
something
you
have
to
someone
else
so
you
both
can
use
or
enjoy
it
•
Lena
offered
to
share
her
crayons
with
the
new
boy
in
class
.
Lena
offered
to
share
her
crayons
with
the
new
boy
in
class
.
•
Can
we
share
the
last
slice
of
pizza
equally
?
Can
we
share
the
last
slice
of
pizza
equally
?
Old
English
“
scearu
”
meaning
a
division
or
cutting
,
later
evolving
into
the
verb
sense
of
dividing
what
one
has
.
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
have
or
use
something
together
with
another
person
at
the
same
time
•
Max
and
Joel
share
a
small
apartment
near
the
university
.
Max
and
Joel
share
a
small
apartment
near
the
university
.
•
During
the
festival
,
the
villagers
shared
one
long
wooden
table
for
the
evening
meal
.
During
the
festival
,
the
villagers
shared
one
long
wooden
table
for
the
evening
meal
.
noun
a
part
of
something
that
has
been
divided
between
people
•
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
•
I
paid
my
share
of
the
rent
on
time
.
I
paid
my
share
of
the
rent
on
time
.
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
tell
someone
about
your
thoughts
,
feelings
,
or
information
•
I
decided
to
share
my
worries
with
my
best
friend
.
I
decided
to
share
my
worries
with
my
best
friend
.
•
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
to
share
their
ideas
openly
.
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
to
share
their
ideas
openly
.
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
send
or
post
something
online
so
that
other
people
can
see
or
use
it
•
Please
share
the
photo
from
the
concert
on
the
group
chat
.
Please
share
the
photo
from
the
concert
on
the
group
chat
.
•
She
shared
the
article
on
social
media
to
raise
awareness
.
She
shared
the
article
on
social
media
to
raise
awareness
.
noun
one
of
the
equal
parts
into
which
the
ownership
of
a
company
is
divided
,
often
traded
on
the
stock
market
•
She
bought
100
shares
in
the
tech
company
.
She
bought
100
shares
in
the
tech
company
.
•
The
value
of
his
shares
doubled
in
two
years
.
The
value
of
his
shares
doubled
in
two
years
.
prepare
verb
-
prepare
,
preparing
,
prepares
,
prepared
to
make
something
ready
for
use
,
for
an
event
,
or
for
something
to
happen
•
She
prepared
the
guest
room
with
fresh
sheets
before
her
friends
arrived
.
She
prepared
the
guest
room
with
fresh
sheets
before
her
friends
arrived
.
•
The
chef
is
preparing
a
spicy
soup
in
the
busy
kitchen
.
The
chef
is
preparing
a
spicy
soup
in
the
busy
kitchen
.
From
Latin
praeparare
,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
parare
‘
make
ready
’.
verb
-
prepare
,
preparing
,
prepares
,
prepared
to
get
yourself
ready
mentally
or
physically
for
something
•
He
closed
his
eyes
to
prepare
himself
for
the
difficult
conversation
.
He
closed
his
eyes
to
prepare
himself
for
the
difficult
conversation
.
•
Athletes
prepare
by
stretching
before
the
race
.
Athletes
prepare
by
stretching
before
the
race
.
From
Latin
praeparare
,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
parare
‘
make
ready
’.
care
noun
-
care
the
activity
of
looking
after
someone
or
something
so
they
stay
safe
and
healthy
•
Proper
medical
care
saved
the
climber's
life
after
the
accident
.
Proper
medical
care
saved
the
climber's
life
after
the
accident
.
•
Young
trees
need
regular
care
in
their
first
year
.
Young
trees
need
regular
care
in
their
first
year
.
Old
English
caru
,
cearu
“
anxiety
,
burden
,
sorrow
,”
later
also
“
attention
,
carefulness
.”
Over
time
the
sense
of
protective
attention
replaced
the
older
meaning
of
worry
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
feel
that
something
is
important
or
to
have
a
strong
interest
or
affection
•
I
don't
care
what
people
think
about
my
clothes
.
I
don't
care
what
people
think
about
my
clothes
.
•
Do
you
care
about
environmental
issues
?
Do
you
care
about
environmental
issues
?
Verb
sense
of
holding
something
dear
emerged
in
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
Old
French
‘
carer
’.
noun
-
care
attention
and
caution
you
use
so
that
you
do
not
make
mistakes
or
damage
something
•
Handle
the
crystal
glasses
with
extreme
care
.
Handle
the
crystal
glasses
with
extreme
care
.
•
She
drove
with
care
on
the
icy
roads
.
She
drove
with
care
on
the
icy
roads
.
Extended
from
the
older
sense
of
“
sorrow
”
to
the
idea
of
watchful
attention
by
the
16th
century
.
noun
responsibility
for
looking
after
someone
or
something
under
your
charge
•
The
teacher
has
the
care
of
twenty
energetic
students
.
The
teacher
has
the
care
of
twenty
energetic
students
.
•
After
the
storm
,
the
injured
bird
was
left
in
her
care
.
After
the
storm
,
the
injured
bird
was
left
in
her
care
.
Sense
of
guardianship
appeared
in
Middle
English
legal
documents
when
property
or
people
were
placed
‘
in
care
’.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
look
after
someone
or
something
and
keep
them
healthy
,
safe
,
or
in
good
condition
•
Nurses
care
for
patients
day
and
night
.
Nurses
care
for
patients
day
and
night
.
•
Could
you
care
for
my
plants
while
I'm
away
?
Could
you
care
for
my
plants
while
I'm
away
?
Transitive
sense
of
providing
physical
help
became
common
in
the
19th
century
with
professional
nursing
.
noun
a
feeling
of
worry
or
trouble
that
makes
you
anxious
•
She
tried
to
let
go
of
her
cares
and
enjoy
the
concert
.
She
tried
to
let
go
of
her
cares
and
enjoy
the
concert
.
•
Grandfather's
face
was
lined
with
years
of
care
.
Grandfather's
face
was
lined
with
years
of
care
.
This
is
the
earliest
sense
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*karō
meaning
grief
or
lament
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
(
formal
)
to
be
willing
or
have
the
desire
to
do
something
,
used
in
polite
offers
or
invitations
•
"
Would
you
care
to
join
us
for
dinner
?"
asked
the
host
.
"
Would
you
care
to
join
us
for
dinner
?"
asked
the
host
.
•
If
you
care
to
look
,
the
answer
is
on
page
ten
.
If
you
care
to
look
,
the
answer
is
on
page
ten
.
Polite
modal-like
use
arose
in
the
18th
century
as
a
gentler
alternative
to
“
want
”.
near
adverb
-
near
,
nearer
,
nearest
close
to
someone
or
something
;
not
far
away
;
almost
•
The
baby
started
crying
when
the
dog
came
too
near
.
The
baby
started
crying
when
the
dog
came
too
near
.
•
It
’
s
getting
near
midnight
,
so
we
should
head
home
.
It
’
s
getting
near
midnight
,
so
we
should
head
home
.
adjective
-
near
,
nearer
,
nearest
close
in
distance
or
time
•
Our
hotel
is
the
near
building
with
the
blue
roof
.
Our
hotel
is
the
near
building
with
the
blue
roof
.
•
The
deadline
is
getting
near
,
so
we
must
finish
the
project
.
The
deadline
is
getting
near
,
so
we
must
finish
the
project
.
verb
-
near
,
nearing
,
nears
,
neared
to
move
or
come
close
to
something
•
The
train
neared
the
station
as
passengers
stood
ready
.
The
train
neared
the
station
as
passengers
stood
ready
.
•
As
winter
nears
,
temperatures
drop
sharply
.
As
winter
nears
,
temperatures
drop
sharply
.
compare
verb
-
compare
,
comparing
,
compares
,
compared
to
look
at
two
or
more
things
to
find
out
how
they
are
similar
or
different
•
Before
buying
a
laptop
,
Mia
compared
prices
at
several
stores
.
Before
buying
a
laptop
,
Mia
compared
prices
at
several
stores
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
compare
the
two
poems
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
compare
the
two
poems
.
verb
-
compare
,
comparing
,
compares
,
compared
to
be
as
good
,
important
,
or
impressive
as
something
else
•
No
other
singer
compares
with
her
powerful
voice
.
No
other
singer
compares
with
her
powerful
voice
.
•
Nothing
compares
to
fresh
bread
straight
from
the
oven
.
Nothing
compares
to
fresh
bread
straight
from
the
oven
.
verb
-
compare
,
comparing
,
compares
,
compared
to
say
that
one
thing
is
like
another
,
often
to
explain
or
describe
it
•
The
coach
compared
the
team
’
s
journey
to
climbing
a
mountain
.
The
coach
compared
the
team
’
s
journey
to
climbing
a
mountain
.
•
Scientists
often
compare
the
brain
to
a
computer
.
Scientists
often
compare
the
brain
to
a
computer
.
noun
the
act
of
examining
people
or
things
to
find
their
similarities
and
differences
•
A
detailed
compare
of
the
two
reports
shows
several
errors
.
A
detailed
compare
of
the
two
reports
shows
several
errors
.
•
After
careful
compare
,
the
judges
chose
the
lighter
sculpture
.
After
careful
compare
,
the
judges
chose
the
lighter
sculpture
.
fear
verb
-
fear
,
fearing
,
fears
,
feared
to
feel
afraid
that
something
bad
may
happen
•
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
•
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
in
Old
English
;
verb
use
recorded
from
the
12th
century
.
stare
verb
-
stare
,
staring
,
stares
,
stared
to
look
at
someone
or
something
for
a
long
time
without
blinking
,
often
because
you
are
surprised
,
curious
,
or
impolite
•
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
huge
dinosaur
skeleton
in
amazement
.
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
huge
dinosaur
skeleton
in
amazement
.
•
Please
don't
stare
at
people
on
the
train
;
it
makes
them
uncomfortable
.
Please
don't
stare
at
people
on
the
train
;
it
makes
them
uncomfortable
.
noun
a
long
,
fixed
look
from
someone
•
He
felt
the
teacher's
cold
stare
from
across
the
classroom
.
He
felt
the
teacher's
cold
stare
from
across
the
classroom
.
•
Lisa
met
his
long
stare
with
a
friendly
smile
.
Lisa
met
his
long
stare
with
a
friendly
smile
.
verb
-
stare
,
staring
,
stares
,
stared
to
be
very
obvious
or
noticeable
,
almost
forcing
itself
to
be
seen
•
The
spelling
mistake
stared
from
the
front
page
of
the
newspaper
.
The
spelling
mistake
stared
from
the
front
page
of
the
newspaper
.
•
The
bright
red
sofa
stares
against
the
pale
cream
walls
of
the
room
.
The
bright
red
sofa
stares
against
the
pale
cream
walls
of
the
room
.
noun
(
archaic
)
a
starling
;
a
small
dark
songbird
common
in
Europe
•
A
flock
of
stares
wheeled
above
the
old
farmhouse
at
dusk
.
A
flock
of
stares
wheeled
above
the
old
farmhouse
at
dusk
.
•
Medieval
poems
often
mention
the
cheerful
song
of
the
stare
.
Medieval
poems
often
mention
the
cheerful
song
of
the
stare
.
Old
English
staro
,
stearn
,
related
to
Old
High
German
staro
and
Latin
sturnus
(
starling
);
the
spelling
"
stare
"
became
obsolete
after
the
17th
century
.
apparently
adverb
Used
to
say
that
you
have
heard
,
read
,
or
noticed
something
and
believe
it
is
true
,
although
you
are
not
completely
sure
.
•
Apparently
,
the
museum
will
reopen
next
week
after
the
repairs
.
Apparently
,
the
museum
will
reopen
next
week
after
the
repairs
.
•
Apparently
,
she
finished
the
marathon
in
under
four
hours
.
Apparently
,
she
finished
the
marathon
in
under
four
hours
.
adverb
Plainly
or
obviously
seen
or
understood
,
even
if
the
deeper
truth
may
be
different
.
•
The
engine
stopped
for
no
apparently
good
reason
.
The
engine
stopped
for
no
apparently
good
reason
.
•
She
was
apparently
calm
during
the
interview
.
She
was
apparently
calm
during
the
interview
.
am
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
the
form
of
the
verb
“
be
”
that
is
used
with
“
I
”
in
the
present
tense
•
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
•
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
From
Old
English
“
eom
”,
first-person
singular
of
“
beon/bēo
”,
related
to
German
“
bin
”
and
Latin
“
sum
”.
aware
adjective
knowing
or
realizing
that
something
exists
,
is
happening
,
or
is
true
.
•
After
reading
the
article
,
Maria
became
aware
of
the
dangers
of
too
much
sugar
.
After
reading
the
article
,
Maria
became
aware
of
the
dangers
of
too
much
sugar
.
•
I
’
m
fully
aware
that
this
plan
will
take
a
long
time
to
finish
.
I
’
m
fully
aware
that
this
plan
will
take
a
long
time
to
finish
.
From
Middle
English
aware
,
from
Old
English
gewær
“
watchful
,
wary
,
attentive
.”
adjective
keenly
noticing
what
is
happening
around
you
and
prepared
to
react
;
alert
.
•
Camping
alone
,
Liam
stayed
aware
of
every
rustling
sound
in
the
forest
.
Camping
alone
,
Liam
stayed
aware
of
every
rustling
sound
in
the
forest
.
•
The
driver
remained
aware
of
pedestrians
crossing
the
busy
street
.
The
driver
remained
aware
of
pedestrians
crossing
the
busy
street
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
the
meaning
broadened
from
simply
'having
knowledge'
to
'being
alert
and
watchful
.
'
being
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
present
participle
of
“
be
”;
used
to
show
continuous
action
or
describe
someone
’
s
behaviour
•
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
•
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
“
Being
”
as
a
present
participle
of
“
be
”
dates
back
to
Old
English
,
where
present
participles
were
formed
with
“
-ende
”,
later
becoming
“
-ing
”.
software
noun
-
software
the
programs
,
apps
,
and
other
digital
instructions
that
tell
a
computer
or
electronic
device
what
to
do
•
I
installed
new
software
to
edit
my
vacation
photos
.
I
installed
new
software
to
edit
my
vacation
photos
.
•
The
company
updates
its
security
software
every
week
to
protect
customers
’
data
.
The
company
updates
its
security
software
every
week
to
protect
customers
’
data
.
Coined
in
the
late
1940s
by
analogy
with
hardware
:
soft
(
not
physical
)
+
ware
(
products
or
goods
).
Originally
referred
to
punched
cards
and
later
to
digital
programs
.
disappear
verb
to
suddenly
go
out
of
sight
so
that
no
longer
anything
can
be
seen
•
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
•
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
From
French
disparoir
,
from
Latin
disparēre
(
to
vanish
).
verb
to
stop
existing
or
being
available
•
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
•
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
verb
for
a
person
or
animal
:
to
go
somewhere
secretly
or
be
missing
so
that
no
one
knows
where
they
are
•
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
•
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
Same
historical
origin
as
primary
sense
.
sugar
verb
-
sugar
,
sugaring
,
sugars
,
sugared
To
add
sugar
to
food
or
drink
in
order
to
make
it
sweet
.
•
She
sugared
her
tea
before
tasting
it
.
She
sugared
her
tea
before
tasting
it
.
•
Grandma
always
sugars
the
strawberries
to
make
a
syrup
.
Grandma
always
sugars
the
strawberries
to
make
a
syrup
.
careful
interjection
used
to
warn
someone
to
watch
out
for
possible
danger
or
trouble
•
Careful
!
The
paint
is
still
wet
.
Careful
!
The
paint
is
still
wet
.
•
Careful
!
That
dog
might
bite
.
Careful
!
That
dog
might
bite
.
adjective
paying
close
attention
so
you
do
not
cause
harm
,
make
mistakes
,
or
get
hurt
•
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
icy
street
.
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
icy
street
.
•
The
children
were
careful
not
to
wake
the
baby
.
The
children
were
careful
not
to
wake
the
baby
.
adjective
done
with
a
lot
of
attention
and
thought
so
every
detail
is
correct
•
After
a
careful
inspection
,
the
mechanic
found
the
hidden
crack
.
After
a
careful
inspection
,
the
mechanic
found
the
hidden
crack
.
•
She
painted
the
model
ship
with
careful
brushstrokes
.
She
painted
the
model
ship
with
careful
brushstrokes
.
declare
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
to
say
something
in
a
clear
,
firm
,
and
official
way
so
that
everyone
knows
it
is
true
or
decided
•
The
mayor
declared
the
new
bridge
open
during
the
ceremony
.
The
mayor
declared
the
new
bridge
open
during
the
ceremony
.
•
After
a
long
count
,
officials
declared
her
the
winner
of
the
election
.
After
a
long
count
,
officials
declared
her
the
winner
of
the
election
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
declarare
’
meaning
‘
to
make
clear
’.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
to
officially
tell
a
government
or
authority
about
money
,
goods
,
or
information
,
usually
for
tax
or
legal
reasons
•
Travelers
must
declare
any
food
they
bring
into
the
country
.
Travelers
must
declare
any
food
they
bring
into
the
country
.
•
You
have
to
declare
your
earnings
on
this
tax
form
.
You
have
to
declare
your
earnings
on
this
tax
form
.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
in
computing
,
to
introduce
a
variable
,
function
,
or
other
element
by
stating
its
name
and
sometimes
its
type
so
that
the
program
knows
it
exists
•
In
the
code
,
we
first
declare
a
counter
variable
.
In
the
code
,
we
first
declare
a
counter
variable
.
•
If
you
forget
to
declare
the
function
,
the
program
will
not
compile
.
If
you
forget
to
declare
the
function
,
the
program
will
not
compile
.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
in
cricket
,
for
the
captain
of
the
batting
team
to
end
his
or
her
team
’
s
innings
before
all
players
are
out
•
England
’
s
captain
declared
at
450
runs
to
give
the
bowlers
enough
time
.
England
’
s
captain
declared
at
450
runs
to
give
the
bowlers
enough
time
.
•
The
team
declared
early
,
confident
they
could
bowl
out
the
opposition
.
The
team
declared
early
,
confident
they
could
bowl
out
the
opposition
.
rare
adjective
-
rare
,
rarer
,
rarest
not
happening
,
seen
,
or
found
very
often
•
Finding
a
four-leaf
clover
is
rare
,
so
people
believe
it
brings
good
luck
.
Finding
a
four-leaf
clover
is
rare
,
so
people
believe
it
brings
good
luck
.
•
It's
rare
to
see
snow
covering
the
palm
trees
of
this
desert
city
.
It's
rare
to
see
snow
covering
the
palm
trees
of
this
desert
city
.
From
Latin
‘
rarus
’
meaning
‘
thinly
sown
,
uncommon
’.
adjective
-
rare
,
rarer
,
rarest
(
of
meat
)
cooked
for
only
a
short
time
so
the
inside
remains
red
and
juicy
•
Mark
ordered
his
steak
rare
at
the
fancy
restaurant
.
Mark
ordered
his
steak
rare
at
the
fancy
restaurant
.
•
She
prefers
her
burgers
rare
,
still
pink
in
the
middle
.
She
prefers
her
burgers
rare
,
still
pink
in
the
middle
.
Adapts
the
general
sense
of
‘
rare
’
to
cooking
in
the
19th
century
,
referring
to
meat
not
fully
cooked
.
adjective
-
rare
,
rarer
,
rarest
(
of
air
or
gas
)
thin
;
having
low
density
•
At
high
altitudes
,
the
air
becomes
rare
,
making
breathing
harder
.
At
high
altitudes
,
the
air
becomes
rare
,
making
breathing
harder
.
•
Scientists
examine
how
sound
travels
through
rare
gases
in
space
simulations
.
Scientists
examine
how
sound
travels
through
rare
gases
in
space
simulations
.
From
the
same
Latin
root
‘
rarus
’,
originally
meaning
‘
thinly
sown
’,
applied
to
physical
density
in
early
scientific
writing
.
carefully
adverb
in
a
way
that
avoids
danger
,
damage
,
or
mistakes
by
paying
close
attention
to
what
you
are
doing
•
She
carried
the
sleeping
baby
carefully
up
the
stairs
.
She
carried
the
sleeping
baby
carefully
up
the
stairs
.
•
The
chemist
poured
the
acid
carefully
into
the
beaker
.
The
chemist
poured
the
acid
carefully
into
the
beaker
.
From
the
adjective
“
careful
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
in
a
thorough
and
attentive
way
,
so
that
every
detail
is
checked
or
considered
•
Please
read
the
instructions
carefully
before
starting
the
test
.
Please
read
the
instructions
carefully
before
starting
the
test
.
•
The
detective
examined
the
clue
carefully
.
The
detective
examined
the
clue
carefully
.
From
the
adjective
“
careful
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
barely
adverb
almost
not
;
by
the
smallest
amount
possible
•
I
could
barely
see
the
road
through
the
heavy
fog
.
I
could
barely
see
the
road
through
the
heavy
fog
.
•
She
was
so
weak
she
could
barely
stand
.
She
was
so
weak
she
could
barely
stand
.
From
‘
bare
’
+
‘
-ly
’,
dating
back
to
Middle
English
,
originally
meaning
“
plainly
”
or
“
openly
”
before
shifting
to
the
modern
sense
of
“
hardly
”.
adverb
only
;
no
more
than
the
amount
or
number
stated
•
It's
barely
five
o'clock
,
and
the
sun
has
already
set
.
It's
barely
five
o'clock
,
and
the
sun
has
already
set
.
•
The
tiny
village
has
barely
two
hundred
residents
.
The
tiny
village
has
barely
two
hundred
residents
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
above
;
the
meaning
of
“
only
”
developed
from
the
idea
of
something
being
stripped
down
to
the
minimum
.
scared
adjective
feeling
frightened
or
worried
•
The
little
kitten
looked
scared
during
the
thunderstorm
.
The
little
kitten
looked
scared
during
the
thunderstorm
.
•
He
felt
scared
before
his
first
day
at
the
new
school
.
He
felt
scared
before
his
first
day
at
the
new
school
.
verb
-
scare
,
scaring
,
scares
,
scared
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
scare
•
The
sudden
crash
scared
everyone
in
the
room
.
The
sudden
crash
scared
everyone
in
the
room
.
•
The
horror
movie
scared
her
so
much
she
kept
the
lights
on
all
night
.
The
horror
movie
scared
her
so
much
she
kept
the
lights
on
all
night
.
welfare
noun
-
welfare
the
general
health
,
happiness
,
and
safety
of
a
person
or
group
•
The
company
introduced
flexible
hours
to
improve
employee
welfare
.
The
company
introduced
flexible
hours
to
improve
employee
welfare
.
•
Wildlife
reserves
are
essential
for
the
welfare
of
endangered
species
.
Wildlife
reserves
are
essential
for
the
welfare
of
endangered
species
.
From
Middle
English
welfare
(“
well-being
”),
from
well
+
fare
(“
to
go
,
travel
,
fare
”),
literally
“
to
fare
well
”.
noun
-
welfare
financial
help
and
other
services
that
a
government
gives
to
people
who
are
poor
,
unemployed
,
or
in
need
•
After
he
lost
his
job
,
he
applied
for
welfare
to
pay
his
rent
.
After
he
lost
his
job
,
he
applied
for
welfare
to
pay
his
rent
.
•
The
debate
about
reducing
welfare
spending
lasted
for
hours
in
parliament
.
The
debate
about
reducing
welfare
spending
lasted
for
hours
in
parliament
.
Sense
of
government
support
developed
in
early
20th-century
U
.
S
.
political
discourse
,
extending
the
older
meaning
of
general
well-being
to
institutional
aid
.
square
noun
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
a
flat
shape
with
four
equal
sides
and
four
right
angles
•
The
children
drew
a
big
blue
square
on
the
sidewalk
with
chalk
.
The
children
drew
a
big
blue
square
on
the
sidewalk
with
chalk
.
•
Fold
the
paper
into
a
square
before
you
make
the
origami
crane
.
Fold
the
paper
into
a
square
before
you
make
the
origami
crane
.
From
Old
French
"
esquarre
"
meaning
a
tool
for
measuring
right
angles
,
later
extended
to
the
shape
.
noun
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
an
open
,
usually
paved
area
in
a
town
or
city
where
people
gather
,
often
surrounded
by
buildings
and
roads
•
The
band
played
in
the
town
square
during
the
summer
festival
.
The
band
played
in
the
town
square
during
the
summer
festival
.
•
We
met
at
Trafalgar
Square
before
visiting
the
art
gallery
.
We
met
at
Trafalgar
Square
before
visiting
the
art
gallery
.
Extension
of
the
geometric
sense
,
referring
to
a
space
whose
roughly
square
layout
was
common
in
medieval
towns
.
adjective
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
having
four
equal
sides
and
four
right
angles
,
or
shaped
like
a
square
•
They
sat
around
a
large
square
table
in
the
conference
room
.
They
sat
around
a
large
square
table
in
the
conference
room
.
•
The
gift
was
wrapped
in
a
tiny
square
box
tied
with
a
red
ribbon
.
The
gift
was
wrapped
in
a
tiny
square
box
tied
with
a
red
ribbon
.
Directly
from
the
noun
“
square
”,
used
as
an
adjective
by
the
14th
century
.
adjective
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
(
informal
)
not
fashionable
or
modern
;
conventional
in
an
unexciting
way
•
He
felt
square
because
he
didn
’
t
know
any
of
the
new
slang
his
friends
used
.
He
felt
square
because
he
didn
’
t
know
any
of
the
new
slang
his
friends
used
.
•
My
brother
thinks
jazz
records
are
square
,
but
I
love
them
.
My
brother
thinks
jazz
records
are
square
,
but
I
love
them
.
1920s
American
jazz
slang
,
likening
someone
rigid
or
conventional
to
the
regularity
of
a
geometric
square
.
verb
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
to
make
something
even
,
level
,
or
settled
,
especially
to
pay
a
debt
or
make
accounts
correct
•
I
need
to
square
the
bill
with
the
restaurant
before
we
leave
.
I
need
to
square
the
bill
with
the
restaurant
before
we
leave
.
•
The
carpenter
checked
the
frame
and
then
squared
the
corners
with
a
metal
tool
.
The
carpenter
checked
the
frame
and
then
squared
the
corners
with
a
metal
tool
.
From
the
idea
of
bringing
lines
to
a
right
angle
,
extended
in
15th
century
to
balancing
accounts
.
cigarette
noun
a
thin
roll
of
dried
tobacco
wrapped
in
paper
that
people
burn
and
smoke
•
He
stepped
outside
the
restaurant
to
light
a
cigarette
.
He
stepped
outside
the
restaurant
to
light
a
cigarette
.
•
The
floor
after
the
house
party
was
littered
with
empty
cigarettes
and
crushed
cans
.
The
floor
after
the
house
party
was
littered
with
empty
cigarettes
and
crushed
cans
.
From
French
"
cigarette
",
diminutive
of
"
cigare
" (
cigar
)
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
reflecting
the
smaller
size
compared
with
a
cigar
.
rarely
adverb
not
often
;
on
very
few
occasions
•
I
rarely
eat
dessert
,
but
tonight
I
’
ll
have
some
cake
.
I
rarely
eat
dessert
,
but
tonight
I
’
ll
have
some
cake
.
•
The
old
train
service
rarely
runs
on
time
during
the
winter
.
The
old
train
service
rarely
runs
on
time
during
the
winter
.
From
rare
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
; ‘
rare
’
meaning
‘
seldom
occurring
’.
dear
adjective
-
dear
,
dearer
,
dearest
loved
and
valued
very
much
•
Maria
gave
her
dear
friend
a
warm
hug
at
the
airport
.
Maria
gave
her
dear
friend
a
warm
hug
at
the
airport
.
•
He
keeps
a
photo
of
his
dear
grandmother
on
his
desk
.
He
keeps
a
photo
of
his
dear
grandmother
on
his
desk
.
adjective
-
dear
,
dearer
,
dearest
costing
a
lot
of
money
•
Fresh
berries
are
quite
dear
in
winter
.
Fresh
berries
are
quite
dear
in
winter
.
•
The
watch
was
nice
but
too
dear
for
my
budget
.
The
watch
was
nice
but
too
dear
for
my
budget
.
adverb
-
dear
,
dearer
,
dearest
at
a
high
price
;
expensively
•
During
the
shortage
,
farmers
had
to
buy
grain
dear
and
sell
milk
cheap
.
During
the
shortage
,
farmers
had
to
buy
grain
dear
and
sell
milk
cheap
.
•
We
paid
dear
for
a
last-minute
hotel
room
in
the
city
center
.
We
paid
dear
for
a
last-minute
hotel
room
in
the
city
center
.
awareness
noun
-
awareness
the
state
of
knowing
that
something
exists
or
understanding
what
is
happening
•
The
safety
campaign
increased
public
awareness
of
the
dangers
of
texting
while
driving
.
The
safety
campaign
increased
public
awareness
of
the
dangers
of
texting
while
driving
.
•
Meditation
helped
her
develop
greater
awareness
of
her
breathing
and
thoughts
.
Meditation
helped
her
develop
greater
awareness
of
her
breathing
and
thoughts
.
From
the
adjective
aware
+
-ness
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
-
awareness
recognition
of
a
product
,
brand
,
or
organization
among
the
public
•
The
new
commercial
boosted
customer
awareness
of
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
detergent
.
The
new
commercial
boosted
customer
awareness
of
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
detergent
.
•
Sponsoring
the
football
match
greatly
increased
brand
awareness
among
young
fans
.
Sponsoring
the
football
match
greatly
increased
brand
awareness
among
young
fans
.
Derived
from
the
general
sense
of
awareness
;
applied
to
marketing
contexts
from
the
mid-20th
century
.
gear
noun
a
toothed
wheel
or
set
of
toothed
parts
in
a
machine
that
fit
together
and
pass
movement
or
power
from
one
part
to
another
•
When
the
clock
struck
noon
,
you
could
see
the
tiny
gears
turning
behind
the
glass
face
.
When
the
clock
struck
noon
,
you
could
see
the
tiny
gears
turning
behind
the
glass
face
.
•
The
mechanic
showed
the
class
a
large
steel
gear
whose
teeth
had
worn
down
.
The
mechanic
showed
the
class
a
large
steel
gear
whose
teeth
had
worn
down
.
from
Old
Norse
gervi
“
equipment
,
apparatus
”,
later
narrowed
to
the
mechanical
sense
in
Middle
English
verb
-
gear
,
gearing
,
gears
,
geared
to
design
or
adjust
something
so
that
it
suits
a
particular
purpose
,
situation
,
or
group
•
The
new
math
course
is
geared
toward
beginners
.
The
new
math
course
is
geared
toward
beginners
.
•
They
geared
the
advertising
campaign
to
young
voters
.
They
geared
the
advertising
campaign
to
young
voters
.
extended
verb
use
from
noun
in
19th
century
,
originally
"
gear
up
"
in
rail
and
factory
contexts
then
shortened
dare
verb
-
dare
,
daring
,
dares
,
dared
to
challenge
someone
to
do
something
risky
,
difficult
,
or
embarrassing
•
Tom
dares
his
brother
to
taste
the
extra-spicy
sauce
.
Tom
dares
his
brother
to
taste
the
extra-spicy
sauce
.
•
At
recess
,
the
children
dared
their
classmate
to
climb
the
tall
oak
tree
.
At
recess
,
the
children
dared
their
classmate
to
climb
the
tall
oak
tree
.
Old
English
durran
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
dürfen
‘
be
allowed
to
’.
verb
-
dare
,
daring
,
dares
,
dared
to
be
brave
enough
or
bold
enough
to
do
something
•
I
wouldn
’
t
dare
open
the
door
after
midnight
.
I
wouldn
’
t
dare
open
the
door
after
midnight
.
•
She
didn
’
t
dare
answer
the
teacher
back
.
She
didn
’
t
dare
answer
the
teacher
back
.
Old
English
durran
,
later
influenced
by
Old
Norse
‘
þora
’
meaning
‘
to
have
courage
’.
noun
a
challenge
to
do
something
difficult
,
dangerous
,
or
embarrassing
•
On
a
dare
,
Max
ate
an
entire
lemon
without
making
a
face
.
On
a
dare
,
Max
ate
an
entire
lemon
without
making
a
face
.
•
Her
brother
accepted
the
dare
to
dance
in
the
busy
subway
station
.
Her
brother
accepted
the
dare
to
dance
in
the
busy
subway
station
.
Derived
from
the
verb
‘
dare
’,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
17th
century
.
apparent
adjective
easy
to
notice
or
understand
;
obvious
.
•
The
tension
in
the
classroom
was
apparent
the
moment
the
teacher
announced
the
surprise
test
.
The
tension
in
the
classroom
was
apparent
the
moment
the
teacher
announced
the
surprise
test
.
•
Her
excitement
was
apparent
from
the
huge
smile
and
sparkling
eyes
she
showed
while
unwrapping
the
gift
.
Her
excitement
was
apparent
from
the
huge
smile
and
sparkling
eyes
she
showed
while
unwrapping
the
gift
.
From
Middle
French
apparent
,
from
Latin
apparēns
,
present
participle
of
apparēre
“
to
appear
”.
adjective
seeming
to
be
true
or
real
,
but
possibly
not
actually
so
.
•
The
door
was
locked
for
no
apparent
reason
,
leaving
the
travelers
puzzled
.
The
door
was
locked
for
no
apparent
reason
,
leaving
the
travelers
puzzled
.
•
His
apparent
calmness
hid
how
nervous
he
really
felt
about
the
performance
.
His
apparent
calmness
hid
how
nervous
he
really
felt
about
the
performance
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
apparēns
“
appearing
”.
This
meaning
developed
in
English
in
the
late
1500s
.
scare
verb
-
scare
,
scaring
,
scares
,
scared
to
make
someone
feel
suddenly
afraid
,
or
to
become
suddenly
afraid
yourself
•
The
loud
thunder
scared
the
baby
,
and
she
started
to
cry
.
The
loud
thunder
scared
the
baby
,
and
she
started
to
cry
.
•
Don't
scare
the
cat
by
shouting
;
it
might
scratch
you
.
Don't
scare
the
cat
by
shouting
;
it
might
scratch
you
.
From
Middle
English
"
skerren
"
or
"
skierren
",
of
Scandinavian
origin
related
to
Old
Norse
"
skirra
"
meaning
"
to
frighten
away
".
noun
a
sudden
feeling
of
fear
or
the
moment
that
causes
it
•
I
got
a
real
scare
when
I
thought
I
had
lost
my
passport
.
I
got
a
real
scare
when
I
thought
I
had
lost
my
passport
.
•
The
children
jumped
out
from
behind
the
door
to
give
their
dad
a
scare
.
The
children
jumped
out
from
behind
the
door
to
give
their
dad
a
scare
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
Middle
English
Scandinavian
influence
meaning
a
sudden
fright
.
noun
a
period
when
many
people
suddenly
feel
worried
about
a
possible
danger
or
problem
•
There
was
a
food-poisoning
scare
after
several
customers
fell
ill
at
the
restaurant
.
There
was
a
food-poisoning
scare
after
several
customers
fell
ill
at
the
restaurant
.
•
The
stock-market
scare
caused
investors
to
sell
shares
quickly
.
The
stock-market
scare
caused
investors
to
sell
shares
quickly
.
Extension
of
the
basic
noun
sense
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
newspapers
.
health care
noun
-
health
care
the
organized
services
and
actions
that
keep
people
healthy
or
treat
them
when
they
are
sick
•
Universal
access
to
health
care
remains
a
goal
in
many
countries
.
Universal
access
to
health care
remains
a
goal
in
many
countries
.
•
After
the
accident
,
Mina
received
excellent
health
care
at
the
city
hospital
.
After
the
accident
,
Mina
received
excellent
health care
at
the
city
hospital
.
From
the
nouns
health
+
care
;
popularized
in
the
20th
century
as
systems
of
medical
services
expanded
.
health-care
adjective
relating
to
the
services
,
workers
,
or
industry
that
treats
illness
and
promotes
health
•
The
health-care
system
struggled
during
the
outbreak
.
The
health-care
system
struggled
during
the
outbreak
.
•
She
works
as
a
health-care
administrator
.
She
works
as
a
health-care
administrator
.
Formed
by
using
the
noun
phrase
health
care
in
an
attributive
role
;
the
hyphen
distinguishes
the
compound
modifier
.
hardware
noun
-
hardware
tools
,
small
metal
items
,
and
other
equipment
used
for
building
,
repairing
,
or
making
things
•
Ben
went
to
the
store
to
buy
hardware
like
nails
and
hinges
for
the
new
bookshelf
.
Ben
went
to
the
store
to
buy
hardware
like
nails
and
hinges
for
the
new
bookshelf
.
•
The
toolbox
was
full
of
rusty
hardware
that
had
belonged
to
her
grandfather
.
The
toolbox
was
full
of
rusty
hardware
that
had
belonged
to
her
grandfather
.
From
hard
+
ware
,
originally
referring
to
metal
goods
sold
by
tradesmen
(
17th
century
).
noun
-
hardware
the
physical
parts
of
a
computer
or
electronic
system
,
such
as
the
processor
,
memory
,
and
circuit
boards
,
as
opposed
to
software
•
Before
installing
the
game
,
he
checked
whether
his
laptop
’
s
hardware
met
the
requirements
.
Before
installing
the
game
,
he
checked
whether
his
laptop
’
s
hardware
met
the
requirements
.
•
Upgrading
the
hardware
dramatically
sped
up
the
startup
time
of
the
office
computers
.
Upgrading
the
hardware
dramatically
sped
up
the
startup
time
of
the
office
computers
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
tools
to
electronic
parts
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
reflecting
the
rise
of
computing
.
noun
-
hardware
informal
:
trophies
,
medals
,
or
other
awards
won
in
sports
or
competitions
•
The
star
athlete
’
s
shelf
is
crowded
with
shiny
hardware
from
past
championships
.
The
star
athlete
’
s
shelf
is
crowded
with
shiny
hardware
from
past
championships
.
•
Our
robotics
team
brought
home
more
hardware
than
any
other
school
.
Our
robotics
team
brought
home
more
hardware
than
any
other
school
.
Sportswriters
began
using
hardware
for
trophies
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
likening
shiny
metal
awards
to
the
metal
goods
sold
in
hardware
stores
.
noun
-
hardware
military
weapons
and
large
equipment
used
in
warfare
•
The
general
inspected
the
latest
hardware
before
approving
the
mission
.
The
general
inspected
the
latest
hardware
before
approving
the
mission
.
•
Modern
armies
invest
billions
in
advanced
hardware
like
drones
and
missile
systems
.
Modern
armies
invest
billions
in
advanced
hardware
like
drones
and
missile
systems
.
First
used
figuratively
for
weaponry
in
the
20th
century
by
journalists
covering
wars
.
nightmare
noun
a
very
frightening
or
upsetting
dream
that
often
wakes
you
up
•
The
little
boy
woke
up
crying
after
a
terrifying
nightmare
.
The
little
boy
woke
up
crying
after
a
terrifying
nightmare
.
•
I
had
a
nightmare
about
being
trapped
in
a
burning
building
.
I
had
a
nightmare
about
being
trapped
in
a
burning
building
.
Old
English
‘
niðmære
’,
from
‘
night
’
+
‘
mare
’ (
an
evil
spirit
);
originally
an
evil
being
thought
to
suffocate
sleepers
.
noun
an
extremely
difficult
,
unpleasant
,
or
annoying
situation
or
experience
•
Losing
my
passport
abroad
was
a
complete
nightmare
.
Losing
my
passport
abroad
was
a
complete
nightmare
.
•
The
morning
traffic
in
the
city
is
an
absolute
nightmare
.
The
morning
traffic
in
the
city
is
an
absolute
nightmare
.
noun
in
old
folk
tales
,
an
evil
spirit
believed
to
sit
on
a
sleeper
’
s
chest
and
cause
bad
dreams
or
suffocation
•
Medieval
villagers
blamed
the
nightmare
when
someone
awoke
gasping
for
air
.
Medieval
villagers
blamed
the
nightmare
when
someone
awoke
gasping
for
air
.
•
Stories
warned
that
a
nightmare
would
ride
a
horse
until
it
sweated
foam
.
Stories
warned
that
a
nightmare
would
ride
a
horse
until
it
sweated
foam
.
The
original
meaning
of
‘
nightmare
’
was
the
evil
spirit
itself
;
only
later
did
it
shift
to
mean
the
frightening
dream
it
was
said
to
cause
.
shared
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
share
•
Lisa
shared
her
sandwich
with
a
hungry
stray
dog
.
Lisa
shared
her
sandwich
with
a
hungry
stray
dog
.
•
They
have
shared
this
secret
since
childhood
.
They
have
shared
this
secret
since
childhood
.
From
Middle
English
“
shered
”,
past
form
of
“
sharen
”,
influenced
by
Old
English
“
scearu
”
meaning
a
“
cut
”
or
“
portion
”.
adjective
used
,
owned
,
or
enjoyed
by
two
or
more
people
together
•
The
roommates
cleaned
the
shared
kitchen
every
evening
.
The
roommates
cleaned
the
shared
kitchen
every
evening
.
•
We
split
the
cost
of
a
shared
taxi
to
the
airport
.
We
split
the
cost
of
a
shared
taxi
to
the
airport
.
Derived
from
the
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
“
share
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
bare
adjective
-
bare
,
barer
,
barest
not
covered
by
clothes
,
leaves
,
paint
,
or
any
other
layer
;
exposed
and
naked
•
The
toddler
ran
across
the
lawn
in
his
bare
feet
.
The
toddler
ran
across
the
lawn
in
his
bare
feet
.
•
A
lone
tree
stood
on
the
hill
,
its
branches
bare
of
leaves
.
A
lone
tree
stood
on
the
hill
,
its
branches
bare
of
leaves
.
adjective
-
bare
,
barer
,
barest
having
only
what
is
basic
or
necessary
and
nothing
extra
•
We
packed
only
the
bare
essentials
for
the
camping
trip
.
We
packed
only
the
bare
essentials
for
the
camping
trip
.
•
After
paying
rent
,
I
have
money
for
the
bare
minimum
of
groceries
.
After
paying
rent
,
I
have
money
for
the
bare
minimum
of
groceries
.
adjective
-
bare
,
barer
,
barest
plain
,
empty
,
or
without
decoration
,
furniture
,
or
covering
•
The
walls
were
bare
,
waiting
for
fresh
paint
.
The
walls
were
bare
,
waiting
for
fresh
paint
.
•
She
likes
the
bare
look
of
a
minimalist
workspace
.
She
likes
the
bare
look
of
a
minimalist
workspace
.
verb
-
bare
,
baring
,
bares
,
bared
to
remove
a
covering
and
make
something
visible
;
to
uncover
or
reveal
•
The
dentist
asked
me
to
bare
my
teeth
.
The
dentist
asked
me
to
bare
my
teeth
.
•
The
storm
had
bared
the
roots
of
the
old
tree
.
The
storm
had
bared
the
roots
of
the
old
tree
.
adverb
(
slang
)
very
;
really
;
extremely
•
That
new
game
is
bare
good
!
That
new
game
is
bare
good
!
•
I'm
bare
tired
after
the
hike
.
I'm
bare
tired
after
the
hike
.
calendar
noun
a
chart
,
book
,
or
digital
display
that
shows
the
days
,
weeks
,
and
months
of
a
year
•
Ethan
hung
a
new
calendar
on
the
kitchen
wall
to
track
family
birthdays
.
Ethan
hung
a
new
calendar
on
the
kitchen
wall
to
track
family
birthdays
.
•
The
phone
’
s
calendar
reminded
her
of
the
dentist
appointment
.
The
phone
’
s
calendar
reminded
her
of
the
dentist
appointment
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
calendarium
‘
account
book
,
register
’,
originally
‘
something
relating
to
the
kalends
(
first
days
)
of
each
month
’.
noun
a
list
or
schedule
of
planned
events
or
activities
arranged
by
date
•
The
city
’
s
summer
calendar
is
packed
with
concerts
and
festivals
.
The
city
’
s
summer
calendar
is
packed
with
concerts
and
festivals
.
•
Check
the
school
calendar
to
see
when
exams
start
.
Check
the
school
calendar
to
see
when
exams
start
.
verb
to
schedule
or
enter
something
on
a
calendar
•
The
assistant
calendared
the
meeting
for
Tuesday
morning
.
The
assistant
calendared
the
meeting
for
Tuesday
morning
.
•
Please
calendar
our
next
visit
so
we
don
’
t
forget
.
Please
calendar
our
next
visit
so
we
don
’
t
forget
.
noun
in
law
,
a
formal
list
of
cases
or
hearings
scheduled
in
a
court
•
The
judge
looked
at
the
court
calendar
to
set
a
trial
date
.
The
judge
looked
at
the
court
calendar
to
set
a
trial
date
.
•
Several
high-profile
cases
fill
the
morning
calendar
.
Several
high-profile
cases
fill
the
morning
calendar
.
arena
noun
a
large
enclosed
building
with
tiered
seating
all
around
,
used
for
sports
,
concerts
,
shows
,
or
other
public
events
•
More
than
twenty
thousand
fans
packed
the
arena
to
see
the
championship
game
.
More
than
twenty
thousand
fans
packed
the
arena
to
see
the
championship
game
.
•
Tickets
to
the
pop
star
’
s
concert
sold
out
minutes
after
the
arena
opened
online
sales
.
Tickets
to
the
pop
star
’
s
concert
sold
out
minutes
after
the
arena
opened
online
sales
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
arēna
“
sand
;
place
of
combat
,”
because
Roman
amphitheaters
were
covered
with
sand
to
soak
up
blood
.
noun
a
sphere
or
field
of
activity
,
conflict
,
or
debate
,
especially
one
involving
public
attention
•
After
years
in
the
academic
world
,
she
decided
to
enter
the
political
arena
.
After
years
in
the
academic
world
,
she
decided
to
enter
the
political
arena
.
•
The
internet
has
become
a
new
arena
for
consumer-brand
interaction
.
The
internet
has
become
a
new
arena
for
consumer-brand
interaction
.
The
figurative
sense
grew
from
the
physical
arena
as
a
place
of
struggle
,
extending
to
any
setting
where
competition
or
debate
happens
.
spare
adjective
-
spare
,
sparer
,
sparest
extra
and
available
to
use
because
it
is
not
needed
at
the
moment
•
I
always
keep
a
spare
key
under
the
flowerpot
in
case
I
get
locked
out
.
I
always
keep
a
spare
key
under
the
flowerpot
in
case
I
get
locked
out
.
•
Is
there
a
spare
chair
at
your
table
for
me
?
Is
there
a
spare
chair
at
your
table
for
me
?
Old
English
spær
“
scant
,
frugal
”,
later
“
not
in
use
,
extra
”.
noun
an
extra
thing
kept
so
you
can
use
it
if
the
original
one
is
lost
or
broken
•
Keep
a
spare
in
the
glove
compartment
for
emergencies
.
Keep
a
spare
in
the
glove
compartment
for
emergencies
.
•
I
lost
a
button
,
but
luckily
I
had
a
spare
.
I
lost
a
button
,
but
luckily
I
had
a
spare
.
Developed
from
the
adjective
sense
“
extra
”
in
the
late
17th
century
.
verb
-
spare
,
sparing
,
spares
,
spared
to
give
or
allow
something
such
as
time
,
money
,
or
effort
because
you
can
manage
without
it
•
Could
you
spare
a
few
minutes
to
answer
my
questions
?
Could
you
spare
a
few
minutes
to
answer
my
questions
?
•
She
couldn
’
t
spare
any
cash
at
the
moment
.
She
couldn
’
t
spare
any
cash
at
the
moment
.
Old
English
spǣrian
“
refrain
,
abstain
,
save
”,
later
broadened
to
allowing
or
giving
what
is
extra
.
noun
in
bowling
,
a
score
made
when
all
ten
pins
are
knocked
down
with
two
rolls
in
one
frame
•
He
turned
a
difficult
split
into
a
spare
.
He
turned
a
difficult
split
into
a
spare
.
•
She
rolled
a
strike
and
then
a
spare
in
the
next
frame
.
She
rolled
a
strike
and
then
a
spare
in
the
next
frame
.
Bowling
term
recorded
from
the
late
19th
century
,
from
the
idea
of
"
making
up
what
is
missing
".
verb
-
spare
,
sparing
,
spares
,
spared
to
prevent
someone
or
something
from
suffering
,
being
harmed
,
or
experiencing
something
unpleasant
•
Firefighters
arrived
quickly
and
spared
the
old
house
from
destruction
.
Firefighters
arrived
quickly
and
spared
the
old
house
from
destruction
.
•
Please
spare
me
the
long
explanation
and
just
give
me
the
result
.
Please
spare
me
the
long
explanation
and
just
give
me
the
result
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
sense
“
give
”,
originally
“
make
exempt
;
allow
to
escape
harm
”.
adjective
-
spare
,
sparer
,
sparest
plain
and
simple
,
with
little
decoration
or
excess
•
The
room
was
furnished
in
a
spare
modern
style
.
The
room
was
furnished
in
a
spare
modern
style
.
•
Her
writing
is
spare
but
deeply
moving
.
Her
writing
is
spare
but
deeply
moving
.
Sense
of
“
plain
,
unadorned
”
grew
from
the
idea
of
“
using
little
”
in
the
20th
century
.
unclear
adjective
-
unclear
,
unclearer
,
unclearest
not
easy
to
understand
,
ambiguous
,
or
confusing
•
The
instructions
were
unclear
,
so
I
asked
my
teacher
for
help
.
The
instructions
were
unclear
,
so
I
asked
my
teacher
for
help
.
•
Because
the
map
was
unclear
,
the
hikers
took
the
wrong
path
.
Because
the
map
was
unclear
,
the
hikers
took
the
wrong
path
.
formed
by
adding
the
negative
prefix
un-
to
clear
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
adjective
-
unclear
,
unclearer
,
unclearest
not
easy
to
see
through
or
make
out
;
indistinct
or
cloudy
•
Thick
fog
made
the
road
ahead
unclear
to
the
driver
.
Thick
fog
made
the
road
ahead
unclear
to
the
driver
.
•
The
photo
is
unclear
because
the
camera
lens
was
dirty
.
The
photo
is
unclear
because
the
camera
lens
was
dirty
.
formed
by
adding
the
negative
prefix
un-
to
clear
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
17th
century
parental
adjective
relating
to
a
parent
or
to
parents
in
general
•
The
school
organized
a
parental
meeting
so
families
could
talk
with
teachers
.
The
school
organized
a
parental
meeting
so
families
could
talk
with
teachers
.
•
He
took
parental
leave
to
stay
home
with
his
newborn
daughter
.
He
took
parental
leave
to
stay
home
with
his
newborn
daughter
.
From
Latin
parentālis
,
from
parēns
“
parent
.”
noun
a
parent
organism
or
strain
used
as
the
starting
point
in
breeding
or
genetic
experiments
•
The
scientists
crossed
two
different
parental
lines
to
study
flower
color
inheritance
.
The
scientists
crossed
two
different
parental
lines
to
study
flower
color
inheritance
.
•
Each
parental
passed
on
a
distinct
set
of
genes
to
the
offspring
.
Each
parental
passed
on
a
distinct
set
of
genes
to
the
offspring
.
Adoption
of
the
adjective
as
a
noun
in
early
20th-century
genetics
to
denote
the
organisms
providing
the
original
genetic
material
.
collar
verb
to
catch
or
hold
someone
so
they
cannot
escape
,
especially
to
arrest
them
•
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
•
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
Originally
‘
put
a
collar
on
’,
later
figuratively
‘
seize
by
the
neck
’;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
17th
century
.