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π
he
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
a
male
person
or
male
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
already
known
β’
β
Where
is
Alex
?β β
He
is
already
waiting
outside
.β
β
Where
is
Alex
?β β
He
is
already
waiting
outside
.β
β’
After
winning
the
race
,
he
raised
the
trophy
and
smiled
broadly
.
After
winning
the
race
,
he
raised
the
trophy
and
smiled
broadly
.
Old
English
hΔ
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hiz
,
related
to
German
er
and
Dutch
hij
.
pronoun
(
dated
or
formal
)
used
to
refer
to
a
person
whose
gender
is
unknown
or
not
stated
β’
If
anyone
needs
help
,
he
should
press
the
call
button
.
If
anyone
needs
help
,
he
should
press
the
call
button
.
β’
Every
student
must
submit
he
own
report
by
Friday
.
Every
student
must
submit
he
own
report
by
Friday
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
;
generic
masculine
usage
became
common
in
16thβ20th
centuries
before
being
replaced
by
gender-neutral
they
.
this
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
talk
about
a
person
,
thing
,
or
time
that
is
close
to
you
or
that
you
have
just
mentioned
β’
This
book
is
very
interesting
.
This
book
is
very
interesting
.
β’
I
can't
finish
this
report
today
.
I
can't
finish
this
report
today
.
Old
English
this
,
neuter
nominative
and
accusative
singular
of
thes
(β
this
β),
from
Proto-Germanic
*ΓΎesi
.
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
a
person
,
thing
,
situation
,
or
idea
that
is
close
,
happening
now
,
or
just
mentioned
β’
This
is
my
sister
,
Anna
.
This
is
my
sister
,
Anna
.
β’
Taste
this
and
tell
me
if
it's
sweet
enough
.
Taste
this
and
tell
me
if
it's
sweet
enough
.
Same
origin
as
the
determiner
sense
,
from
Old
English
this
adverb
used
before
an
adjective
or
adverb
to
show
the
exact
degree
or
amount
β’
I
didn't
think
the
mountain
was
this
high
.
I
didn't
think
the
mountain
was
this
high
.
β’
Why
are
you
driving
this
fast
on
a
small
road
?
Why
are
you
driving
this
fast
on
a
small
road
?
Extension
of
demonstrative
sense
to
degree
usage
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
interjection
used
especially
online
to
show
strong
agreement
with
what
someone
has
just
said
or
written
β’
When
the
teacher
said
phones
should
stay
in
bags
,
several
students
whispered
"
This
!"
When
the
teacher
said
phones
should
stay
in
bags
,
several
students
whispered
"
This
!"
β’
Someone
wrote
"
This
!"
under
the
post
calling
for
shorter
meetings
.
Someone
wrote
"
This
!"
under
the
post
calling
for
shorter
meetings
.
Slang
extension
of
the
pronoun
,
popularized
in
internet
culture
in
the
early
2000s
.
his
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
show
that
something
belongs
to
or
is
connected
with
a
male
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
β’
His
backpack
is
full
of
textbooks
and
notebooks
.
His
backpack
is
full
of
textbooks
and
notebooks
.
β’
The
dog
wagged
his
tail
when
its
owner
came
home
.
The
dog
wagged
his
tail
when
its
owner
came
home
.
pronoun
a
word
used
after
a
verb
or
preposition
to
refer
to
something
that
belongs
to
a
male
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
β’
This
blue
jacket
is
his
,
not
mine
.
This
blue
jacket
is
his
,
not
mine
.
β’
The
trophy
on
the
shelf
is
his
after
winning
the
race
.
The
trophy
on
the
shelf
is
his
after
winning
the
race
.
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
male
person
or
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
,
used
before
a
noun
β’
Tom
forgot
his
keys
on
the
kitchen
table
.
Tom
forgot
his
keys
on
the
kitchen
table
.
β’
The
puppy
chased
his
tail
in
circles
.
The
puppy
chased
his
tail
in
circles
.
pronoun
something
that
belongs
to
or
is
connected
with
a
male
person
or
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
β’
That
blue
bicycle
is
his
,
not
mine
.
That
blue
bicycle
is
his
,
not
mine
.
β’
Is
this
seat
his
,
or
can
I
sit
here
?
Is
this
seat
his
,
or
can
I
sit
here
?
him
pronoun
the
object
form
of
β
he
β,
used
when
a
male
person
or
animal
is
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
β’
I
saw
him
at
the
park
this
morning
.
I
saw
him
at
the
park
this
morning
.
β’
Give
the
book
to
him
when
you
β
re
done
.
Give
the
book
to
him
when
you
β
re
done
.
Old
English
him
,
dative
of
hΔ
(β
he
β),
retained
as
the
object
form
throughout
Middle
and
Modern
English
.
history
noun
-
history
,
histories
the
study
of
past
events
and
how
they
shaped
people
and
societies
β’
At
school
,
Mia
enjoys
history
because
she
loves
learning
about
ancient
civilizations
.
At
school
,
Mia
enjoys
history
because
she
loves
learning
about
ancient
civilizations
.
β’
The
professor
specializes
in
medieval
history
and
travels
to
old
castles
for
research
.
The
professor
specializes
in
medieval
history
and
travels
to
old
castles
for
research
.
From
Latin
"
historia
"
via
Old
French
,
meaning
inquiry
or
narrative
of
past
events
.
noun
-
history
,
histories
all
the
events
that
happened
in
the
past
β’
The
sleepy
village
has
a
long
history
dating
back
to
Roman
times
.
The
sleepy
village
has
a
long
history
dating
back
to
Roman
times
.
β’
Painters
often
find
inspiration
in
the
city
β
s
rich
history
.
Painters
often
find
inspiration
in
the
city
β
s
rich
history
.
noun
-
history
,
histories
a
written
or
spoken
record
that
describes
past
events
β’
She
wrote
a
history
of
her
family
using
old
letters
and
photos
.
She
wrote
a
history
of
her
family
using
old
letters
and
photos
.
β’
The
documentary
is
a
fascinating
history
of
jazz
music
.
The
documentary
is
a
fascinating
history
of
jazz
music
.
noun
-
history
,
histories
a
state
of
being
finished
,
defeated
,
or
no
longer
important
,
especially
in
informal
speech
β’
Don
β
t
worry
about
that
scratch
on
the
car
β
after
the
paint
job
,
it
β
s
history
.
Don
β
t
worry
about
that
scratch
on
the
car
β
after
the
paint
job
,
it
β
s
history
.
β’
β
Touch
my
sandwich
again
and
you
β
re
history
,β
joked
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
β
Touch
my
sandwich
again
and
you
β
re
history
,β
joked
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
himself
pronoun
used
to
refer
back
to
β
he
β
when
he
is
both
the
subject
and
the
object
of
the
same
action
or
after
a
preposition
β’
He
cut
himself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
He
cut
himself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
β’
The
boy
admired
himself
in
the
mirror
before
going
on
stage
.
The
boy
admired
himself
in
the
mirror
before
going
on
stage
.
Old
English
him
selfum
,
combining
β
him
β (
dative
of
β
he
β)
with
β
self
.β
Over
time
the
form
became
a
set
reflexive
pronoun
.
pronoun
used
to
add
emphasis
,
showing
that
the
male
person
mentioned
is
the
one
who
performs
or
experiences
the
action
,
often
placed
right
after
the
noun
or
pronoun
it
emphasizes
β’
The
president
himself
answered
the
journalists
β
questions
.
The
president
himself
answered
the
journalists
β
questions
.
β’
He
himself
admitted
that
the
plan
had
failed
.
He
himself
admitted
that
the
plan
had
failed
.
Developed
from
the
reflexive
usage
;
by
Middle
English
it
was
also
used
as
an
intensive
pronoun
for
emphasis
.
pound
noun
-
study
,
studying
,
studies
,
studied
,
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
a
unit
of
weight
equal
to
16
ounces
,
or
about
0
.
454
kilograms
β’
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
β’
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
From
Old
English
β
pund
,β
ultimately
from
Latin
β
pΕndo
β (
by
weight
).
historical
adjective
connected
with
the
study
,
recording
,
or
explanation
of
events
that
happened
in
the
past
β’
Our
town
has
a
small
but
fascinating
historical
museum
.
Our
town
has
a
small
but
fascinating
historical
museum
.
β’
The
students
used
historical
documents
to
learn
about
the
civil
war
.
The
students
used
historical
documents
to
learn
about
the
civil
war
.
From
Latin
β
historicus
β (
historical
,
of
history
)
via
Medieval
Latin
β
historicalis
β.
adjective
belonging
to
the
past
or
based
on
real
events
that
actually
happened
long
ago
β’
The
castle
is
a
historical
landmark
dating
back
to
the
12th
century
.
The
castle
is
a
historical
landmark
dating
back
to
the
12th
century
.
β’
They
dressed
up
as
historical
figures
for
the
school
play
.
They
dressed
up
as
historical
figures
for
the
school
play
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
or
play
that
tells
a
fictional
story
set
in
the
past
β’
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
He
picked
up
a
historical
about
ancient
Rome
.
β’
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
The
bookstore
has
a
special
table
for
best-selling
historicals
.
whisper
verb
to
speak
in
a
very
quiet
voice
so
that
only
someone
close
can
hear
you
β’
Please
whisper
during
the
movie
so
you
don
β
t
disturb
others
.
Please
whisper
during
the
movie
so
you
don
β
t
disturb
others
.
β’
She
leaned
over
and
whispered
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
She
leaned
over
and
whispered
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
Old
English
hwisprian
,
related
to
Old
Norse
hvΓsla
,
meaning
β
to
hiss
softly
β.
noun
a
very
quiet
way
of
speaking
that
can
only
be
heard
by
someone
close
β’
She
lowered
her
voice
to
a
whisper
so
the
teacher
wouldn
β
t
hear
.
She
lowered
her
voice
to
a
whisper
so
the
teacher
wouldn
β
t
hear
.
β’
They
spoke
in
a
whisper
in
the
library
.
They
spoke
in
a
whisper
in
the
library
.
verb
(
of
wind
,
leaves
,
water
,
etc
.)
to
make
a
soft
,
rustling
or
murmuring
sound
β’
The
pine
trees
whispered
in
the
night
breeze
.
The
pine
trees
whispered
in
the
night
breeze
.
β’
Waves
whispered
against
the
shore
.
Waves
whispered
against
the
shore
.
noun
a
quiet
rumour
or
piece
of
gossip
spoken
privately
β’
There
is
a
whisper
that
the
company
will
close
.
There
is
a
whisper
that
the
company
will
close
.
β’
Political
whispers
spread
through
the
capital
.
Political
whispers
spread
through
the
capital
.
noun
a
very
small
amount
or
faint
trace
of
something
β’
A
whisper
of
cinnamon
gave
the
coffee
extra
warmth
.
A
whisper
of
cinnamon
gave
the
coffee
extra
warmth
.
β’
The
sky
held
a
whisper
of
pink
at
dawn
.
The
sky
held
a
whisper
of
pink
at
dawn
.
historic
adjective
Very
important
or
likely
to
be
remembered
in
history
;
marking
a
significant
moment
.
β’
The
signing
of
the
peace
treaty
was
a
historic
event
for
the
region
.
The
signing
of
the
peace
treaty
was
a
historic
event
for
the
region
.
β’
Scientists
hailed
the
first
image
of
a
black
hole
as
a
historic
achievement
.
Scientists
hailed
the
first
image
of
a
black
hole
as
a
historic
achievement
.
From
Latin
historicus
,
via
Old
French
historique
,
meaning
β
narrative
,
important
in
history
β.
adjective
Belonging
to
or
remaining
from
the
past
and
considered
valuable
or
interesting
.
β’
The
town
is
full
of
historic
houses
that
date
back
to
the
18th
century
.
The
town
is
full
of
historic
houses
that
date
back
to
the
18th
century
.
β’
Tourists
love
walking
along
the
historic
city
walls
.
Tourists
love
walking
along
the
historic
city
walls
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
it
also
came
to
describe
surviving
things
from
the
past
that
attract
interest
.
historian
noun
a
person
whose
job
or
serious
interest
is
to
study
,
write
about
,
and
explain
past
events
β’
The
historian
spent
years
reading
dusty
letters
from
the
Civil
War
.
The
historian
spent
years
reading
dusty
letters
from
the
Civil
War
.
β’
As
a
child
,
Maya
dreamed
of
becoming
a
historian
and
exploring
ancient
ruins
.
As
a
child
,
Maya
dreamed
of
becoming
a
historian
and
exploring
ancient
ruins
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
historianus
,
from
historia
meaning
β
history
β,
which
is
ultimately
from
Ancient
Greek
histor
β
learned
,
wise
man
β.