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π
US
noun
-
US
abbreviation
for
the
United
States
of
America
β’
She
moved
to
the
US
to
study
engineering
.
She
moved
to
the
US
to
study
engineering
.
β’
The
US
hosts
many
national
parks
with
stunning
landscapes
.
The
US
hosts
many
national
parks
with
stunning
landscapes
.
Initialism
of
β
United
States
β.
we
pronoun
used
by
a
speaker
or
writer
to
refer
to
themselves
together
with
one
or
more
other
people
as
the
subject
of
a
sentence
β’
We
are
going
to
the
beach
this
afternoon
.
We
are
going
to
the
beach
this
afternoon
.
β’
If
we
work
together
,
we
can
finish
early
.
If
we
work
together
,
we
can
finish
early
.
pronoun
used
to
mean
people
in
general
,
including
the
speaker
,
when
stating
a
general
truth
or
rule
β’
We
use
the
internet
to
find
information
quickly
nowadays
.
We
use
the
internet
to
find
information
quickly
nowadays
.
β’
We
need
food
and
water
to
survive
.
We
need
food
and
water
to
survive
.
pronoun
used
by
a
single
speaker
or
writer
,
such
as
a
monarch
,
editor
,
or
teacher
,
to
refer
to
themselves
in
a
formal
or
authoritative
way
β’
β
We
find
that
the
study
offers
valuable
insights
,β
stated
the
newspaper
β
s
editor
.
β
We
find
that
the
study
offers
valuable
insights
,β
stated
the
newspaper
β
s
editor
.
β’
At
the
ceremony
,
the
queen
declared
, β
We
hereby
open
this
session
of
parliament
.β
At
the
ceremony
,
the
queen
declared
, β
We
hereby
open
this
session
of
parliament
.β
just
adverb
exactly
or
precisely
β’
That's
just
what
I
needed
!
That's
just
what
I
needed
!
β’
The
clock
struck
midnight
just
as
colorful
fireworks
burst
over
a
city
skyline
.
The
clock
struck
midnight
just
as
colorful
fireworks
burst
over
a
city
skyline
.
adverb
only
or
merely
β’
I
just
want
a
glass
of
water
.
I
just
want
a
glass
of
water
.
β’
He's
just
a
kid
.
He's
just
a
kid
.
adverb
a
very
short
time
ago
β’
She
just
arrived
at
the
station
.
She
just
arrived
at
the
station
.
β’
I
just
finished
my
homework
.
I
just
finished
my
homework
.
adverb
by
a
small
amount
;
barely
β’
He
just
caught
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
He
just
caught
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
β’
The
ball
just
missed
the
goalpost
.
The
ball
just
missed
the
goalpost
.
adverb
used
to
add
force
to
a
request
,
command
,
or
statement
β’
Just
listen
to
me
for
a
minute
.
Just
listen
to
me
for
a
minute
.
β’
Could
you
just
calm
down
?
Could
you
just
calm
down
?
adjective
-
just
,
juster
,
justest
fair
,
reasonable
,
and
morally
right
β’
The
judge
made
a
just
decision
.
The
judge
made
a
just
decision
.
β’
Most
people
agree
that
equal
pay
is
just
.
Most
people
agree
that
equal
pay
is
just
.
use
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
employ
something
or
someone
in
order
to
do
a
job
or
reach
a
goal
β’
You
can
use
my
pen
to
sign
the
form
.
You
can
use
my
pen
to
sign
the
form
.
β’
The
firefighter
used
a
ladder
to
reach
the
second-floor
window
.
The
firefighter
used
a
ladder
to
reach
the
second-floor
window
.
From
Old
French
β
user
β,
from
Latin
β
Ε«tΔ«
β
meaning
β
to
employ
,
enjoy
β.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
consume
a
supply
or
amount
of
something
β’
This
printer
uses
a
lot
of
ink
.
This
printer
uses
a
lot
of
ink
.
β’
Our
old
heater
used
too
much
electricity
,
so
we
replaced
it
.
Our
old
heater
used
too
much
electricity
,
so
we
replaced
it
.
noun
the
act
of
using
something
or
the
state
of
being
used
β’
The
playground
is
closed
,
so
the
swings
are
not
in
use
.
The
playground
is
closed
,
so
the
swings
are
not
in
use
.
β’
Regular
use
of
sunscreen
protects
your
skin
.
Regular
use
of
sunscreen
protects
your
skin
.
noun
a
purpose
or
function
that
something
serves
β’
Is
there
any
use
for
this
broken
umbrella
?
Is
there
any
use
for
this
broken
umbrella
?
β’
Glass
jars
have
many
uses
,
like
storing
herbs
or
screws
.
Glass
jars
have
many
uses
,
like
storing
herbs
or
screws
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
treat
someone
selfishly
as
a
tool
for
your
own
benefit
β’
He
felt
hurt
because
she
only
used
him
for
free
rides
.
He
felt
hurt
because
she
only
used
him
for
free
rides
.
β’
Don
β
t
let
anyone
use
you
to
advance
their
career
.
Don
β
t
let
anyone
use
you
to
advance
their
career
.
noun
the
benefit
or
advantage
gained
from
something
β’
It
β
s
no
use
arguing
;
the
decision
is
final
.
It
β
s
no
use
arguing
;
the
decision
is
final
.
β’
What
use
is
a
key
without
a
lock
?
What
use
is
a
key
without
a
lock
?
because
conjunction
for
the
reason
that
;
since
β’
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
β’
I
didn
β
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
I
didn
β
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
Old
English
β
bicause
β
from
β
bi
β (
by
)
+
β
cause
β,
meaning
β
by
the
cause
β.
Over
time
the
spelling
settled
as
β
because
β.
adverb
used
alone
to
refuse
or
avoid
giving
a
reason
,
implying
the
reason
is
obvious
or
not
up
for
discussion
β’
β
But
why
can
β
t
I
go
?β
she
asked
. β
Because
.β
β
But
why
can
β
t
I
go
?β
she
asked
. β
Because
.β
β’
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
;
the
standalone
use
arose
in
the
20th
century
as
an
abbreviated
reply
.
us
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
the
speaker
and
one
or
more
other
people
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
β’
Mom
baked
cookies
for
us
to
share
after
school
.
Mom
baked
cookies
for
us
to
share
after
school
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
us
to
form
a
circle
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
form
a
circle
.
Old
English
β
Ε«s
β,
accusative
and
dative
plural
of
β
we
β.
pronoun
the
object
form
of
β
we
β,
used
when
the
speaker
and
at
least
one
other
person
receive
the
action
of
a
verb
or
follow
a
preposition
β’
Our
neighbors
invited
us
to
their
barbecue
on
Saturday
.
Our
neighbors
invited
us
to
their
barbecue
on
Saturday
.
β’
The
coach
praised
us
for
our
hard
work
after
the
game
.
The
coach
praised
us
for
our
hard
work
after
the
game
.
Old
English
β
Ε«s
β,
accusative
and
dative
plural
of
β
wΔ
β (
we
).
pronoun
informal
British
:
used
in
place
of
β
me
β,
referring
only
to
the
speaker
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
β’
Give
us
a
chance
to
explain
before
you
decide
.
Give
us
a
chance
to
explain
before
you
decide
.
β’
Lend
us
your
phone
for
a
moment
,
mate
.
Lend
us
your
phone
for
a
moment
,
mate
.
Extended
from
the
standard
object
pronoun
through
dialectal
speech
patterns
in
British
English
.
house
noun
a
building
where
people
live
,
usually
meant
for
one
family
β’
After
months
of
searching
,
they
finally
bought
a
charming
house
by
the
lake
.
After
months
of
searching
,
they
finally
bought
a
charming
house
by
the
lake
.
β’
The
cat
slipped
out
of
the
house
when
the
door
was
left
open
.
The
cat
slipped
out
of
the
house
when
the
door
was
left
open
.
Old
English
β
hΕ«s
β
meaning
dwelling
or
shelter
,
related
to
German
β
Haus
β.
verb
-
house
,
housing
,
houses
,
housed
to
provide
someone
or
something
with
a
place
to
live
,
stay
,
or
be
stored
β’
The
shelter
can
house
up
to
fifty
stray
dogs
.
The
shelter
can
house
up
to
fifty
stray
dogs
.
β’
The
museum
houses
an
impressive
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
The
museum
houses
an
impressive
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
noun
a
company
or
firm
that
produces
or
sells
a
particular
type
of
goods
or
services
β’
He
works
at
a
famous
fashion house
in
Milan
.
He
works
at
a
famous
fashion house
in
Milan
.
β’
The
publishing house
accepted
her
first
novel
.
The
publishing house
accepted
her
first
novel
.
noun
the
people
watching
a
performance
in
a
theatre
,
cinema
,
or
similar
venue
β’
The
comedian
stepped
on
stage
to
a
packed house
.
The
comedian
stepped
on
stage
to
a
packed house
.
β’
There
wasn
β
t
a
dry
eye
in
the
house
when
the
curtain
fell
.
There
wasn
β
t
a
dry
eye
in
the
house
when
the
curtain
fell
.
noun
one
of
the
separate
groups
of
elected
representatives
that
together
form
a
parliament
or
legislature
β’
A
bill
must
pass
both
Houses
before
it
becomes
law
.
A
bill
must
pass
both
Houses
before
it
becomes
law
.
β’
The
House of Representatives
voted
on
the
measure
.
The
House of Representatives
voted
on
the
measure
.
House
noun
a
royal
or
noble
family
line
that
shares
the
same
surname
or
title
β’
Queen
Elizabeth
II
belongs
to
the
House of Windsor
.
Queen
Elizabeth
II
belongs
to
the
House of Windsor
.
β’
Medieval
Europe
saw
alliances
between
the
House of Valois
and
other
dynasties
.
Medieval
Europe
saw
alliances
between
the
House of Valois
and
other
dynasties
.
must
verb
used
to
say
that
something
is
necessary
or
very
important
β’
You
must
wear
a
helmet
when
riding
a
bike
.
You
must
wear
a
helmet
when
riding
a
bike
.
β’
Students
must
hand
in
their
essays
by
Friday
.
Students
must
hand
in
their
essays
by
Friday
.
Old
English
mΕste
,
past
tense
of
mΕtan
β
be
able
to
,
have
to
,β
later
used
in
the
present
as
a
defective
modal
verb
.
verb
used
to
say
you
believe
something
is
almost
certainly
true
β’
It
must
be
cold
outside
if
the
lake
is
frozen
.
It
must
be
cold
outside
if
the
lake
is
frozen
.
β’
You
must
be
Sarah's
brother
;
you
look
just
like
her
.
You
must
be
Sarah's
brother
;
you
look
just
like
her
.
Developed
from
the
same
Old
English
root
as
the
obligation
sense
,
later
extended
to
express
strong
logical
inference
.
noun
something
that
is
essential
or
highly
recommended
β’
Sunscreen
is
a
travel
must
when
visiting
the
tropics
.
Sunscreen
is
a
travel
must
when
visiting
the
tropics
.
β’
For
hikers
,
sturdy
boots
are
an
absolute
must
.
For
hikers
,
sturdy
boots
are
an
absolute
must
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
verb
β
must
β,
first
recorded
in
late
19th-century
English
.
noun
-
must
freshly
pressed
grape
juice
that
is
about
to
ferment
into
wine
β’
The
cellar
smelled
sweet
with
the
bubbling
must
.
The
cellar
smelled
sweet
with
the
bubbling
must
.
β’
Winemakers
test
the
sugar
level
of
the
must
before
fermentation
.
Winemakers
test
the
sugar
level
of
the
must
before
fermentation
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
moust
,
from
Latin
mustum
β
new
wine
,β
originally
neuter
of
mustus
β
fresh
,
new
.β
adjective
smelling
of
mold
or
damp
;
musty
β’
They
opened
the
old
chest
and
breathed
in
its
must
odor
.
They
opened
the
old
chest
and
breathed
in
its
must
odor
.
β’
The
cellar
felt
damp
and
must
after
the
flood
.
The
cellar
felt
damp
and
must
after
the
flood
.
From
Middle
English
muste
,
related
to
β
musty
β,
origin
uncertain
;
perhaps
from
odor
of
fermenting
must
.
business
noun
-
business
,
businesses
the
activity
of
buying
,
selling
,
or
providing
goods
and
services
β’
After
taking
a
few
courses
,
Maria
decided
to
start
her
own
business
.
After
taking
a
few
courses
,
Maria
decided
to
start
her
own
business
.
β’
Tourism
brings
a
lot
of
business
to
the
coastal
town
each
summer
.
Tourism
brings
a
lot
of
business
to
the
coastal
town
each
summer
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
a
company
or
organization
that
sells
goods
or
services
β’
The
family
has
run
the
small
business
for
three
generations
.
The
family
has
run
the
small
business
for
three
generations
.
β’
She
hopes
her
new
online
business
will
succeed
.
She
hopes
her
new
online
business
will
succeed
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
tasks
,
duties
,
or
work
that
someone
needs
to
deal
with
β’
Let's
finish
our
business
before
we
break
for
lunch
.
Let's
finish
our
business
before
we
break
for
lunch
.
β’
His
business
in
the
city
was
done
,
so
he
took
the
next
train
home
.
His
business
in
the
city
was
done
,
so
he
took
the
next
train
home
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
something
that
concerns
only
a
particular
person
and
not
others
;
a
private
matter
β’
What
I
spend
my
money
on
is
none
of
your
business
.
What
I
spend
my
money
on
is
none
of
your
business
.
β’
Stay
out
of
their
quarrel
β
it
β
s
not
our
business
.
Stay
out
of
their
quarrel
β
it
β
s
not
our
business
.
noun
-
business
,
businesses
informal
:
dishonest
,
strange
,
or
foolish
activity
or
behavior
β’
The
police
suspected
some
funny
business
at
the
warehouse
.
The
police
suspected
some
funny
business
at
the
warehouse
.
β’
Cut
out
the
monkey
business
and
get
back
to
work
.
Cut
out
the
monkey
business
and
get
back
to
work
.
music
noun
-
music
sounds
that
are
arranged
in
patterns
of
rhythm
,
melody
,
and
harmony
so
people
can
listen
,
sing
,
or
dance
to
β’
She
listens
to
classical
music
while
doing
her
homework
.
She
listens
to
classical
music
while
doing
her
homework
.
β’
The
crowd
started
dancing
as
soon
as
the
live
music
began
.
The
crowd
started
dancing
as
soon
as
the
live
music
began
.
From
Old
French
musique
,
from
Latin
musica
,
from
Ancient
Greek
mousikΔ
(
art
of
the
Muses
).
noun
-
music
the
written
or
printed
signs
(
notes
)
that
show
how
a
piece
of
music
should
be
played
or
sung
β’
The
violinist
forgot
her
sheet
music
at
home
.
The
violinist
forgot
her
sheet
music
at
home
.
β’
Could
you
hand
me
the
music
for
the
next
song
?
Could
you
hand
me
the
music
for
the
next
song
?
noun
-
music
a
pleasant
or
harmonious
sound
,
especially
one
that
reminds
you
of
actual
music
β’
The
gentle
waves
made
a
music
that
soothed
everyone
on
the
beach
.
The
gentle
waves
made
a
music
that
soothed
everyone
on
the
beach
.
β’
To
the
hikers
,
the
birdsong
was
pure
music
.
To
the
hikers
,
the
birdsong
was
pure
music
.
justice
noun
-
justice
fair
and
reasonable
treatment
of
people
,
making
sure
that
right
actions
are
rewarded
and
wrong
actions
are
punished
β’
The
protesters
demanded
justice
for
the
victims
.
The
protesters
demanded
justice
for
the
victims
.
β’
Children
often
have
a
strong
sense
of
justice
and
notice
when
something
feels
unfair
.
Children
often
have
a
strong
sense
of
justice
and
notice
when
something
feels
unfair
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
justice
,
from
Latin
iustitia
meaning
β
righteousness
,
equity
,β
from
iustus
β
just
.β
noun
-
justice
the
system
of
courts
,
laws
,
and
processes
that
decides
whether
people
have
broken
the
law
and
how
to
deal
with
them
β’
She
plans
to
study
criminal
justice
at
university
.
She
plans
to
study
criminal
justice
at
university
.
β’
The
justice
system
can
be
slow
,
but
it
aims
to
protect
society
.
The
justice
system
can
be
slow
,
but
it
aims
to
protect
society
.
Same
root
as
the
abstract
sense
:
from
Latin
iustitia
through
Old
French
justice
,
later
extended
to
mean
the
organized
body
enforcing
the
law
.
noun
a
judge
of
a
high-level
court
,
especially
a
supreme
or
appellate
court
β’
Justice
Roberts
wrote
the
majority
opinion
.
Justice
Roberts
wrote
the
majority
opinion
.
β’
β
Yes
,
Justice
,β
the
lawyer
replied
respectfully
.
β
Yes
,
Justice
,β
the
lawyer
replied
respectfully
.
Title
use
developed
from
the
abstract
noun
,
first
recorded
in
English
courts
in
the
13th
century
.
various
adjective
of
different
kinds
or
types
rather
than
just
one
β’
The
museum
displays
artifacts
from
various
cultures
around
the
world
.
The
museum
displays
artifacts
from
various
cultures
around
the
world
.
β’
Our
garden
has
various
flowers
that
bloom
at
different
times
of
the
year
.
Our
garden
has
various
flowers
that
bloom
at
different
times
of
the
year
.
From
Latin
varius
β
different
,
diverse
β
with
the
English
adjective
suffix
-ous
.
adjective
several
;
more
than
one
but
not
a
large
number
β’
She
packed
various
snacks
for
the
hike
.
She
packed
various
snacks
for
the
hike
.
β’
I
tried
calling
him
at
various
times
,
but
there
was
no
answer
.
I
tried
calling
him
at
various
times
,
but
there
was
no
answer
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
:
Latin
varius
β
different
,
diverse
.β
serious
adjective
behaving
or
speaking
in
a
way
that
shows
you
are
not
joking
and
truly
mean
what
you
say
β’
The
principal's
voice
was
calm
but
serious
as
she
spoke
to
the
students
.
The
principal's
voice
was
calm
but
serious
as
she
spoke
to
the
students
.
β’
I
thought
he
was
joking
,
but
his
serious
face
told
me
otherwise
.
I
thought
he
was
joking
,
but
his
serious
face
told
me
otherwise
.
From
Latin
β
sΔrius
β
meaning
β
weighty
,
important
β
discuss
verb
-
discuss
,
discussing
,
discusses
,
discussed
to
talk
about
something
with
one
or
more
people
so
that
everyone
can
share
ideas
,
give
opinions
,
or
reach
a
decision
β’
The
classmates
gathered
to
discuss
their
science
project
before
class
started
.
The
classmates
gathered
to
discuss
their
science
project
before
class
started
.
β’
Before
buying
the
house
,
Mia
and
Joel
discussed
every
detail
with
their
realtor
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
Mia
and
Joel
discussed
every
detail
with
their
realtor
.
From
Latin
β
discutere
β
meaning
β
to
examine
,
shake
apart
β,
passing
through
Middle
French
β
discuter
β
to
English
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
discuss
,
discussing
,
discusses
,
discussed
to
examine
or
explain
a
subject
thoroughly
in
speech
or
writing
,
often
in
a
formal
or
academic
way
β’
The
article
discusses
the
impact
of
renewable
energy
on
global
markets
.
The
article
discusses
the
impact
of
renewable
energy
on
global
markets
.
β’
In
his
lecture
,
the
professor
discussed
the
causes
of
the
economic
crisis
in
depth
.
In
his
lecture
,
the
professor
discussed
the
causes
of
the
economic
crisis
in
depth
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
with
the
meaning
shifting
toward
formal
examination
in
writing
by
the
17th
century
.
industry
noun
-
industry
,
industries
the
activity
of
making
goods
or
providing
services
,
especially
in
factories
or
large-scale
operations
β’
Industry
has
changed
the
quiet
town
into
a
busy
center
full
of
factories
.
Industry
has
changed
the
quiet
town
into
a
busy
center
full
of
factories
.
β’
After
the
war
,
the
country's
industry
grew
rapidly
to
rebuild
what
was
lost
.
After
the
war
,
the
country's
industry
grew
rapidly
to
rebuild
what
was
lost
.
From
Latin
industria
meaning
β
diligence
,
activity
β,
later
referring
to
manufacturing
activities
during
the
Industrial
Revolution
.
noun
-
industry
,
industries
a
group
of
companies
or
activities
that
make
the
same
kind
of
product
or
provide
the
same
kind
of
service
β’
She
hopes
to
get
a
job
in
the
gaming
industry
.
She
hopes
to
get
a
job
in
the
gaming
industry
.
β’
The
tourism
industry
suffered
during
the
pandemic
.
The
tourism
industry
suffered
during
the
pandemic
.
noun
-
industry
,
industries
hard
work
,
energy
,
and
effort
that
someone
puts
into
a
task
β’
His
success
is
due
to
talent
and
industry
.
His
success
is
due
to
talent
and
industry
.
β’
Teachers
praised
her
industry
and
determination
.
Teachers
praised
her
industry
and
determination
.
usually
adverb
in
most
cases
or
on
most
occasions
;
normally
β’
I
usually
take
the
bus
to
work
,
but
today
I
walked
.
I
usually
take
the
bus
to
work
,
but
today
I
walked
.
β’
Cats
usually
sleep
for
many
hours
during
the
day
.
Cats
usually
sleep
for
many
hours
during
the
day
.
from
the
adjective
β
usual
β
+
the
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
,β
recorded
in
English
since
the
late
15th
century
husband
noun
a
married
man
,
especially
in
relation
to
his
wife
or
spouse
β’
Maria
kissed
her
husband
goodbye
at
the
busy
train
station
.
Maria
kissed
her
husband
goodbye
at
the
busy
train
station
.
β’
During
the
party
,
the
proud
husband
showed
everyone
photos
of
his
newborn
baby
.
During
the
party
,
the
proud
husband
showed
everyone
photos
of
his
newborn
baby
.
Old
English
β
hΕ«sbonda
β (
male
head
of
a
household
),
from
Old
Norse
β
hΓΊsbΓ³ndi
β (β
master
of
a
house
β).
verb
to
use
or
manage
something
carefully
so
that
it
lasts
a
long
time
β’
In
winter
,
the
villagers
husband
their
firewood
to
make
it
last
until
spring
.
In
winter
,
the
villagers
husband
their
firewood
to
make
it
last
until
spring
.
β’
The
athlete
husbanded
her
strength
for
the
final
sprint
.
The
athlete
husbanded
her
strength
for
the
final
sprint
.
From
the
noun
sense
β
husband
β,
with
the
idea
of
a
head
of
household
managing
property
carefully
.
thus
adverb
in
the
way
that
will
be
shown
or
has
just
been
mentioned
β’
Please
hold
the
fabric
thus
so
I
can
pin
the
edge
.
Please
hold
the
fabric
thus
so
I
can
pin
the
edge
.
β’
The
chef
arranged
the
sushi
pieces
thus
to
resemble
a
blooming
flower
.
The
chef
arranged
the
sushi
pieces
thus
to
resemble
a
blooming
flower
.
Old
English
"
ΓΎus
"
meaning
"
in
this
way
,"
from
Proto-Germanic
*thus-
.
adverb
for
this
reason
;
as
a
result
;
therefore
β’
The
printer
ran
out
of
ink
;
thus
the
report
could
not
be
finished
.
The
printer
ran
out
of
ink
;
thus
the
report
could
not
be
finished
.
β’
It
rained
heavily
all
night
,
and
thus
the
streets
were
flooded
by
morning
.
It
rained
heavily
all
night
,
and
thus
the
streets
were
flooded
by
morning
.
adverb
to
this
degree
or
extent
;
so
β’
The
water
rose
only
thus
before
it
stopped
.
The
water
rose
only
thus
before
it
stopped
.
β’
She
spread
her
hands
thus
to
indicate
the
size
of
the
fish
she
caught
.
She
spread
her
hands
thus
to
indicate
the
size
of
the
fish
she
caught
.
discussion
noun
a
talk
between
two
or
more
people
in
which
they
share
ideas
or
opinions
,
often
to
reach
a
decision
β’
Our
team
had
a
lively
discussion
about
the
new
marketing
plan
during
lunch
.
Our
team
had
a
lively
discussion
about
the
new
marketing
plan
during
lunch
.
β’
After
a
long
discussion
,
they
finally
chose
the
blue
paint
for
the
kitchen
.
After
a
long
discussion
,
they
finally
chose
the
blue
paint
for
the
kitchen
.
From
Latin
"
discussio
"
meaning
"
examination
"
or
"
investigation
",
through
Middle
French
"
discussion
"
into
English
in
the
late
15th
century
.
noun
the
general
act
or
process
of
talking
or
writing
about
a
subject
β’
The
proposal
is
still
under
discussion
at
city
hall
.
The
proposal
is
still
under
discussion
at
city
hall
.
β’
There
has
been
a
lot
of
discussion
about
remote
work
lately
.
There
has
been
a
lot
of
discussion
about
remote
work
lately
.
Same
origin
as
countable
sense
:
from
Latin
"
discussio
"
through
French
.
cause
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
or
exist
β’
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
β’
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
From
Middle
English
β
causen
β,
borrowed
from
Old
French
β
causer
β,
from
Latin
β
causΔre
β (
to
give
reason
).
noun
the
reason
why
something
happens
β’
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
β’
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
From
Latin
β
causa
β
meaning
β
reason
,
motive
β.
noun
a
goal
,
principle
,
or
organization
that
people
work
hard
to
support
β’
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
β’
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
β
cause
β
as
something
that
motivates
action
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
a
legal
case
that
is
heard
and
decided
in
a
court
of
law
β’
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
β’
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
Specialized
legal
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
the
broader
meaning
of
β
cause
β
as
grounds
or
reason
.
push
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
move
something
or
someone
away
from
you
by
pressing
against
it
with
your
hands
,
body
,
or
another
object
β’
The
little
boy
pushed
the
toy
car
across
the
kitchen
floor
.
The
little
boy
pushed
the
toy
car
across
the
kitchen
floor
.
β’
Please
push
the
door
gently
so
it
doesn
β
t
slam
.
Please
push
the
door
gently
so
it
doesn
β
t
slam
.
Old
French
pousser
,
from
Latin
pulsare
β
to
strike
,
beat
β,
frequentative
of
pellere
β
to
drive
β.
noun
-
push
,
pushes
an
act
of
moving
someone
or
something
away
from
you
by
pressing
against
it
β’
Give
the
door
a
strong
push
and
it
will
open
.
Give
the
door
a
strong
push
and
it
will
open
.
β’
With
one
big
push
,
the
crowd
moved
the
stalled
car
off
the
road
.
With
one
big
push
,
the
crowd
moved
the
stalled
car
off
the
road
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
press
a
button
,
key
,
or
switch
so
that
a
machine
starts
working
or
performs
an
action
β’
Just
push
this
red
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
Just
push
this
red
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
β’
If
the
screen
freezes
,
push
the
power
key
for
five
seconds
.
If
the
screen
freezes
,
push
the
power
key
for
five
seconds
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
strongly
encourage
or
persuade
someone
to
do
something
,
especially
when
they
are
unwilling
β’
My
coach
always
pushes
me
to
run
faster
.
My
coach
always
pushes
me
to
run
faster
.
β’
Her
parents
pushed
her
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
Her
parents
pushed
her
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
cause
something
to
increase
to
a
higher
level
or
earlier
time
β’
Rising
fuel
costs
pushed
prices
up
last
month
.
Rising
fuel
costs
pushed
prices
up
last
month
.
β’
The
company
hopes
the
new
product
will
push
sales
over
one
million
units
.
The
company
hopes
the
new
product
will
push
sales
over
one
million
units
.
noun
-
push
,
pushes
a
determined
effort
to
achieve
or
obtain
something
β’
The
team
made
a
final
push
to
finish
the
project
before
Friday
.
The
team
made
a
final
push
to
finish
the
project
before
Friday
.
β’
There
is
a
government
push
for
renewable
energy
.
There
is
a
government
push
for
renewable
energy
.
user
noun
someone
who
makes
use
of
a
product
,
service
,
place
,
or
piece
of
equipment
β’
At
the
community
library
,
each
user
can
borrow
up
to
five
books
at
a
time
.
At
the
community
library
,
each
user
can
borrow
up
to
five
books
at
a
time
.
β’
The
city
upgraded
the
buses
after
many
users
complained
about
the
old
seats
.
The
city
upgraded
the
buses
after
many
users
complained
about
the
old
seats
.
Derived
from
the
verb
β
use
β
+
β
-er
,β
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
to
describe
a
person
who
makes
use
of
something
.
noun
a
person
who
operates
or
interacts
with
a
computer
,
website
,
or
other
digital
system
β’
Every
new
user
must
create
a
secure
password
before
accessing
the
website
.
Every
new
user
must
create
a
secure
password
before
accessing
the
website
.
β’
The
app
shows
a
tutorial
the
first
time
a
user
opens
it
.
The
app
shows
a
tutorial
the
first
time
a
user
opens
it
.
Adopted
in
the
1960s
with
the
rise
of
computing
to
label
the
human
operator
of
a
machine
or
system
.
noun
someone
who
regularly
takes
illegal
or
harmful
drugs
β’
The
clinic
offers
counseling
to
help
each
user
break
free
from
addiction
.
The
clinic
offers
counseling
to
help
each
user
break
free
from
addiction
.
β’
Authorities
reported
a
rise
in
overdose
cases
among
young
users
.
Authorities
reported
a
rise
in
overdose
cases
among
young
users
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
β
person
who
uses
something
β
in
the
early
20th
century
as
illicit
drug
use
became
a
social
issue
.
noun
informal
:
a
person
who
exploits
or
takes
advantage
of
others
for
selfish
gain
β’
Don't
lend
him
money
;
he's
a
user
who
never
pays
people
back
.
Don't
lend
him
money
;
he's
a
user
who
never
pays
people
back
.
β’
Marie
realized
her
new
friend
was
just
a
user
looking
for
free
rides
.
Marie
realized
her
new
friend
was
just
a
user
looking
for
free
rides
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
the
literal
sense
of
someone
who
uses
objects
,
applied
to
people
who
β
use
β
others
,
recorded
from
the
mid-20th
century
.
obviously
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
clear
to
see
or
understand
β’
The
answer
was
obviously
wrong
when
we
double-checked
the
calculation
.
The
answer
was
obviously
wrong
when
we
double-checked
the
calculation
.
β’
It
was
obviously
raining
because
every
umbrella
in
the
hall
was
dripping
.
It
was
obviously
raining
because
every
umbrella
in
the
hall
was
dripping
.
From
obvious
+
βly
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
17th
century
.
adverb
used
at
the
start
of
a
statement
to
say
that
something
is
clear
,
expected
,
or
already
known
β’
Obviously
,
we
can
β
t
start
the
concert
until
the
lights
are
fixed
.
Obviously
,
we
can
β
t
start
the
concert
until
the
lights
are
fixed
.
β’
You
obviously
already
know
Sara
is
moving
to
London
.
You
obviously
already
know
Sara
is
moving
to
London
.
From
obvious
+
βly
,
used
as
a
discourse
marker
since
the
mid-19th
century
.
religious
adjective
believing
in
a
god
or
gods
and
following
the
rules
and
customs
of
a
religion
β’
Her
grandmother
is
deeply
religious
and
attends
church
every
Sunday
.
Her
grandmother
is
deeply
religious
and
attends
church
every
Sunday
.
β’
Although
he
grew
up
in
a
religious
family
,
he
chose
a
different
path
.
Although
he
grew
up
in
a
religious
family
,
he
chose
a
different
path
.
From
Latin
religiosus
β
devout
,
pious
β,
from
religio
β
religion
,
reverence
β.
adjective
connected
with
or
used
in
the
practice
of
religion
β’
People
lit
religious
candles
inside
the
cathedral
.
People
lit
religious
candles
inside
the
cathedral
.
β’
The
museum
displays
religious
art
from
the
Middle
Ages
.
The
museum
displays
religious
art
from
the
Middle
Ages
.
adjective
done
with
great
care
and
regularity
,
almost
like
a
duty
β’
My
uncle
is
religious
about
jogging
every
morning
at
6
a
.
m
.
My
uncle
is
religious
about
jogging
every
morning
at
6
a
.
m
.
β’
She
cleans
her
desk
with
religious
precision
every
Friday
afternoon
.
She
cleans
her
desk
with
religious
precision
every
Friday
afternoon
.
noun
-
religious
a
monk
,
nun
,
or
other
person
who
has
taken
vows
in
a
religious
order
β’
The
religious
took
a
vow
of
silence
in
the
monastery
.
The
religious
took
a
vow
of
silence
in
the
monastery
.
β’
A
group
of
religious
processed
through
the
cloister
at
dawn
.
A
group
of
religious
processed
through
the
cloister
at
dawn
.
customer
noun
someone
who
buys
goods
or
services
from
a
business
or
person
β’
The
coffee
shop
gave
every
customer
a
free
cookie
with
their
drink
.
The
coffee
shop
gave
every
customer
a
free
cookie
with
their
drink
.
β’
The
mechanic
explained
the
repairs
to
the
waiting
customer
.
The
mechanic
explained
the
repairs
to
the
waiting
customer
.
From
Middle
English
β
custumer
β,
from
Anglo-Norman
custumer
,
from
Old
French
coustumier
(β
customs
officer
β),
from
Latin
consuΔtΕ«dΕ
(β
custom
β).
Meaning
shifted
from
β
tax
collector
β
to
β
person
who
pays
money
β
by
the
15th
century
.
noun
a
person
described
by
a
particular
quality
,
especially
someone
difficult
,
tough
,
or
unusual
β’
The
goalkeeper
is
a
tough
customer
for
any
striker
to
beat
.
The
goalkeeper
is
a
tough
customer
for
any
striker
to
beat
.
β’
You
don't
want
to
anger
her
;
she's
a
fierce
customer
when
provoked
.
You
don't
want
to
anger
her
;
she's
a
fierce
customer
when
provoked
.
Extension
of
the
main
sense
β
person
who
pays
money
β
to
mean
β
person
one
has
to
deal
with
β,
then
generalized
to
any
person
of
a
certain
kind
.
thousand
adjective
being
the
number
1
000
.
β’
We
planted
a
thousand
trees
in
the
park
last
weekend
.
We
planted
a
thousand
trees
in
the
park
last
weekend
.
β’
The
museum
is
over
a
thousand
years
old
.
The
museum
is
over
a
thousand
years
old
.
noun
the
figure
or
amount
that
equals
1
000
.
β’
Add
one
more
zero
to
turn
one
hundred
into
one
thousand
.
Add
one
more
zero
to
turn
one
hundred
into
one
thousand
.
β’
The
teacher
wrote
the
word
thousand
next
to
1
,
000
on
the
board
.
The
teacher
wrote
the
word
thousand
next
to
1
,
000
on
the
board
.
noun
a
very
large
number
of
people
or
things
,
often
much
more
than
1
000
,
especially
expressed
as
β
thousands
of
β¦
β.
β’
Thousands
of
birds
filled
the
evening
sky
.
Thousands
of
birds
filled
the
evening
sky
.
β’
The
video
received
thousands
of
views
overnight
.
The
video
received
thousands
of
views
overnight
.
trust
noun
-
trust
a
strong
belief
that
someone
or
something
is
honest
,
reliable
,
or
will
do
what
is
expected
β’
Maya's
trust
in
her
best
friend
never
wavered
.
Maya's
trust
in
her
best
friend
never
wavered
.
β’
Children
place
great
trust
in
their
teachers
to
keep
them
safe
.
Children
place
great
trust
in
their
teachers
to
keep
them
safe
.
verb
to
believe
that
someone
or
something
is
honest
,
reliable
,
or
safe
β’
You
can
trust
the
guide
;
he
knows
every
path
in
the
jungle
.
You
can
trust
the
guide
;
he
knows
every
path
in
the
jungle
.
β’
I
don't
trust
leaving
my
bike
unlocked
outside
the
station
.
I
don't
trust
leaving
my
bike
unlocked
outside
the
station
.
noun
a
legal
arrangement
in
which
property
or
money
is
held
and
managed
by
one
person
or
organization
for
the
benefit
of
another
β’
Their
grandparents
set
up
a
trust
to
pay
for
the
twins'
college
fees
.
Their
grandparents
set
up
a
trust
to
pay
for
the
twins'
college
fees
.
β’
Under
the
trust
,
the
bank
manages
the
funds
until
the
beneficiary
turns
twenty-five
.
Under
the
trust
,
the
bank
manages
the
funds
until
the
beneficiary
turns
twenty-five
.
noun
a
large
company
or
group
of
companies
that
works
together
to
control
prices
and
limit
competition
β’
The
oil
trust
dominated
the
industry
in
the
early
twentieth
century
.
The
oil
trust
dominated
the
industry
in
the
early
twentieth
century
.
β’
Antitrust
laws
were
created
to
break
up
huge
trusts
and
protect
consumers
.
Antitrust
laws
were
created
to
break
up
huge
trusts
and
protect
consumers
.
museum
noun
a
building
or
room
where
valuable
or
interesting
objects
of
art
,
history
,
science
,
or
culture
are
collected
and
shown
to
the
public
β’
Our
class
visited
the
city
museum
to
see
the
dinosaur
skeletons
.
Our
class
visited
the
city
museum
to
see
the
dinosaur
skeletons
.
β’
The
small
town
opened
a
new
maritime
museum
beside
the
harbor
.
The
small
town
opened
a
new
maritime
museum
beside
the
harbor
.
Late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
β
museum
β,
originally
meaning
β
library
or
study
,β
from
Greek
β
Mouseion
β β
seat
of
the
Muses
,
place
of
study
β.
status
noun
-
status
,
statuses
the
level
of
respect
,
importance
,
or
influence
that
a
person
or
thing
has
compared
with
others
β’
After
the
promotion
,
Maria's
status
in
the
company
rose
dramatically
.
After
the
promotion
,
Maria's
status
in
the
company
rose
dramatically
.
β’
Owning
a
luxury
car
is
often
viewed
as
a
sign
of
high
status
.
Owning
a
luxury
car
is
often
viewed
as
a
sign
of
high
status
.
noun
-
status
,
statuses
the
current
condition
or
situation
that
someone
or
something
is
in
at
a
particular
time
β’
The
airport
screen
shows
the
status
of
each
flight
every
five
minutes
.
The
airport
screen
shows
the
status
of
each
flight
every
five
minutes
.
β’
She
checked
the
patient's
status
before
giving
the
medicine
.
She
checked
the
patient's
status
before
giving
the
medicine
.
refuse
verb
-
refuse
,
refusing
,
refuses
,
refused
to
say
that
you
will
not
do
,
accept
,
or
agree
to
something
that
someone
asks
or
expects
β’
Sarah
politely
refused
the
offer
of
coffee
because
she
was
in
a
hurry
.
Sarah
politely
refused
the
offer
of
coffee
because
she
was
in
a
hurry
.
β’
The
dog
stubbornly
refused
to
move
from
the
doorway
,
blocking
everyone
trying
to
leave
.
The
dog
stubbornly
refused
to
move
from
the
doorway
,
blocking
everyone
trying
to
leave
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
refuser
,
based
on
Latin
refundere
β
pour
back
,
refuse
β.
noun
-
refuse
things
that
people
throw
away
because
they
are
no
longer
useful
or
wanted
;
waste
or
garbage
β’
The
street
was
full
of
refuse
after
the
festival
ended
.
The
street
was
full
of
refuse
after
the
festival
ended
.
β’
Workers
collected
the
city
β
s
refuse
before
sunrise
.
Workers
collected
the
city
β
s
refuse
before
sunrise
.
Early
15th
century
,
from
Old
French
refus
β
things
rejected
β.
previous
adjective
happening
,
coming
,
or
existing
before
the
one
being
talked
about
or
before
now
β’
I
couldn't
find
the
book
,
so
I
checked
the
previous
day's
notes
.
I
couldn't
find
the
book
,
so
I
checked
the
previous
day's
notes
.
β’
Her
previous
job
was
in
marketing
,
and
she
learned
a
lot
there
.
Her
previous
job
was
in
marketing
,
and
she
learned
a
lot
there
.
From
Latin
praevius
β
going
before
β (
prae
β
before
β
+
via
β
way
β)
plus
the
English
adjective
suffix
-ous
.
noun
informal
word
for
someone
β
s
earlier
criminal
convictions
β’
The
suspect
had
previous
,
so
the
police
questioned
him
carefully
.
The
suspect
had
previous
,
so
the
police
questioned
him
carefully
.
β’
Because
he
had
no
previous
,
the
judge
gave
him
a
lighter
sentence
.
Because
he
had
no
previous
,
the
judge
gave
him
a
lighter
sentence
.
Originally
police
slang
from
the
phrase
β
previous
convictions
,β
shortened
in
British
English
during
the
mid-20th
century
.
adjective
acting
before
the
right
time
or
in
an
overly
forward
way
;
premature
β’
Isn't
it
a
bit
previous
to
talk
about
holidays
when
we
haven't
even
finished
this
project
?
Isn't
it
a
bit
previous
to
talk
about
holidays
when
we
haven't
even
finished
this
project
?
β’
You're
being
previous
β
let's
wait
for
confirmation
before
we
celebrate
.
You're
being
previous
β
let's
wait
for
confirmation
before
we
celebrate
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
β
before
β
to
mean
β
too
soon
,β
first
recorded
in
British
colloquial
speech
in
the
late
19th
century
.
seriously
adverb
in
a
sincere
and
earnest
way
,
without
joking
or
pretending
β’
She
spoke
seriously
about
her
plans
to
start
her
own
business
.
She
spoke
seriously
about
her
plans
to
start
her
own
business
.
β’
If
you
seriously
want
to
improve
,
you
need
to
practice
every
day
.
If
you
seriously
want
to
improve
,
you
need
to
practice
every
day
.
adverb
to
a
great
degree
or
extent
;
extremely
β’
The
mountain
road
is
seriously
dangerous
after
heavy
rain
.
The
mountain
road
is
seriously
dangerous
after
heavy
rain
.
β’
I'm
seriously
tired
and
need
a
break
.
I'm
seriously
tired
and
need
a
break
.
interjection
used
to
express
surprise
,
disbelief
,
or
annoyance
β’
Seriously
?
You
finished
the
whole
cake
without
me
?
Seriously
?
You
finished
the
whole
cake
without
me
?
β’
Seriously
!
We
have
to
wait
another
hour
?
Seriously
!
We
have
to
wait
another
hour
?
dangerous
adjective
Able
or
likely
to
cause
harm
,
injury
,
or
damage
;
not
safe
.
β’
It's
dangerous
to
drive
on
icy
roads
.
It's
dangerous
to
drive
on
icy
roads
.
β’
Mixing
those
chemicals
can
be
extremely
dangerous
.
Mixing
those
chemicals
can
be
extremely
dangerous
.
From
Old
French
dangereux
,
from
danger
plus
-ous
,
meaning
β
full
of
danger
β.
adjective
Likely
to
harm
or
attack
people
;
violent
or
threatening
.
β’
A
dangerous
dog
was
roaming
the
neighborhood
.
A
dangerous
dog
was
roaming
the
neighborhood
.
β’
She
realized
the
prisoner
was
dangerous
and
called
the
guards
.
She
realized
the
prisoner
was
dangerous
and
called
the
guards
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
main
sense
,
from
Old
French
dangereux
.
august
adjective
having
great
dignity
,
importance
,
or
majesty
that
makes
people
feel
deep
respect
β’
The
judge
spoke
in
an
august
tone
that
silenced
the
crowded
courtroom
.
The
judge
spoke
in
an
august
tone
that
silenced
the
crowded
courtroom
.
β’
They
held
the
awards
ceremony
in
the
august
hall
of
the
old
university
.
They
held
the
awards
ceremony
in
the
august
hall
of
the
old
university
.
From
Latin
augustus
β
venerable
,
majestic
,β
a
title
given
to
Roman
emperors
.
August
noun
-
August
the
eighth
month
of
the
year
,
coming
after
July
and
before
September
β’
School
starts
again
in
August
after
the
long
summer
break
.
School
starts
again
in
August
after
the
long
summer
break
.
β’
We
booked
our
beach
vacation
for
the
first
week
of
August
.
We
booked
our
beach
vacation
for
the
first
week
of
August
.
Named
in
8
BCE
after
the
Roman
emperor
Augustus
(
Latin
Augustus
).
bus
noun
-
bus
,
buses
a
large
road
vehicle
that
carries
many
passengers
along
a
fixed
route
for
a
fare
β’
Every
morning
,
I
wait
at
the
stop
to
catch
the
bus
to
school
.
Every
morning
,
I
wait
at
the
stop
to
catch
the
bus
to
school
.
β’
The
city
added
new
electric
buses
to
reduce
pollution
.
The
city
added
new
electric
buses
to
reduce
pollution
.
Shortened
form
of
omnibus
,
first
used
in
the
early
19th
century
for
horse-drawn
passenger
vehicles
,
later
applied
to
motor
vehicles
.
verb
-
bus
,
busing
,
buses
,
bused
to
take
or
carry
people
somewhere
by
bus
β’
They
bus
tourists
from
the
airport
to
the
resort
every
hour
.
They
bus
tourists
from
the
airport
to
the
resort
every
hour
.
β’
After
the
concert
,
we
were
bused
back
to
the
parking
lot
.
After
the
concert
,
we
were
bused
back
to
the
parking
lot
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
early
20th
century
as
a
back-formation
from
the
noun
.
verb
-
bus
,
busing
,
buses
,
bused
to
remove
dirty
dishes
and
other
items
from
restaurant
tables
β’
The
waiter
hurried
to
bus
the
table
for
the
next
customers
.
The
waiter
hurried
to
bus
the
table
for
the
next
customers
.
β’
She
started
the
evening
shift
busing
dishes
in
the
busy
diner
.
She
started
the
evening
shift
busing
dishes
in
the
busy
diner
.
Originated
in
U
.
S
.
restaurant
slang
in
the
1930s
,
possibly
shortened
from
β
omnibus
boy
,β
the
worker
who
cleared
dishes
for
everyone
.
noun
-
bus
,
buses
a
set
of
wires
,
pathways
,
or
channels
that
carry
data
,
signals
,
or
power
between
parts
of
a
computer
or
electronic
system
β’
The
CPU
sends
instructions
to
memory
through
the
data
bus
.
The
CPU
sends
instructions
to
memory
through
the
data
bus
.
β’
A
wider
bus
can
transfer
more
bits
per
cycle
.
A
wider
bus
can
transfer
more
bits
per
cycle
.
Adopted
in
electronics
in
the
1950s
by
analogy
with
a
passenger
bus
carrying
many
riders
along
a
common
route
.
focus
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
the
person
,
thing
,
or
activity
that
people
give
most
of
their
attention
to
β’
This
year
,
the
charity
β
s
main
focus
is
building
new
wells
for
the
village
.
This
year
,
the
charity
β
s
main
focus
is
building
new
wells
for
the
village
.
β’
During
the
meeting
,
everyone
kept
their
focus
on
finding
a
quick
solution
.
During
the
meeting
,
everyone
kept
their
focus
on
finding
a
quick
solution
.
From
Latin
focus
β
hearth
,
fireplace
,β
later
β
center
of
activity
.β
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
the
ability
to
think
clearly
or
see
something
sharply
without
distraction
β’
Listening
to
soft
music
helps
her
regain
focus
while
studying
.
Listening
to
soft
music
helps
her
regain
focus
while
studying
.
β’
After
a
short
walk
,
he
returned
to
work
with
renewed
focus
.
After
a
short
walk
,
he
returned
to
work
with
renewed
focus
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
give
all
your
attention
and
effort
to
one
particular
activity
,
subject
,
or
problem
β’
The
students
focus
hard
when
the
exam
begins
.
The
students
focus
hard
when
the
exam
begins
.
β’
She
needs
to
focus
on
finishing
her
science
project
tonight
.
She
needs
to
focus
on
finishing
her
science
project
tonight
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
adjust
a
camera
,
microscope
,
or
other
device
so
that
the
image
becomes
clear
β’
Please
focus
the
camera
before
you
take
the
picture
.
Please
focus
the
camera
before
you
take
the
picture
.
β’
The
scientist
carefully
focused
the
microscope
to
see
the
cells
clearly
.
The
scientist
carefully
focused
the
microscope
to
see
the
cells
clearly
.
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
(
physics
)
the
exact
point
where
rays
of
light
,
heat
,
or
sound
meet
after
being
bent
or
reflected
β’
A
magnifying
glass
brings
sunlight
to
a
single
focus
,
making
paper
smoke
.
A
magnifying
glass
brings
sunlight
to
a
single
focus
,
making
paper
smoke
.
β’
In
a
satellite
dish
,
waves
bounce
toward
the
receiver
at
the
focus
.
In
a
satellite
dish
,
waves
bounce
toward
the
receiver
at
the
focus
.
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
(
geology
)
the
place
beneath
Earth
β
s
surface
where
an
earthquake
starts
β’
Scientists
located
the
earthquake
β
s
focus
ten
kilometers
below
the
city
.
Scientists
located
the
earthquake
β
s
focus
ten
kilometers
below
the
city
.
β’
The
depth
of
the
focus
affects
how
strongly
people
feel
the
shaking
.
The
depth
of
the
focus
affects
how
strongly
people
feel
the
shaking
.
obvious
adjective
easy
to
notice
,
understand
,
or
recognize
because
it
is
clear
and
plain
β’
It
was
obvious
that
Maria
was
excited
from
the
huge
smile
on
her
face
.
It
was
obvious
that
Maria
was
excited
from
the
huge
smile
on
her
face
.
β’
The
answer
seems
obvious
once
you
know
the
trick
.
The
answer
seems
obvious
once
you
know
the
trick
.
From
Latin
β
obvius
β
meaning
β
in
the
way
,
evident
,
obvious
.β
adjective
too
plain
or
predictable
,
lacking
originality
or
subtlety
β’
The
movie's
ending
was
so
obvious
that
everyone
guessed
it
in
the
first
ten
minutes
.
The
movie's
ending
was
so
obvious
that
everyone
guessed
it
in
the
first
ten
minutes
.
β’
He
tried
to
surprise
her
,
but
his
plan
was
too
obvious
to
fool
anyone
.
He
tried
to
surprise
her
,
but
his
plan
was
too
obvious
to
fool
anyone
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
to
describe
things
so
clear
they
become
dull
or
uncreative
.
conclusion
noun
the
end
or
final
part
of
something
such
as
an
event
,
story
,
meeting
,
or
process
β’
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
β’
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
β
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
β.
noun
a
judgment
,
opinion
,
or
decision
reached
after
careful
thought
or
investigation
β’
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
β’
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
β
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
β.
noun
in
logic
,
the
statement
that
logically
follows
from
the
premises
of
an
argument
β’
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
β’
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
Adopted
in
the
14th
century
into
scholastic
logic
from
Medieval
Latin
conclusio
,
denoting
the
end
statement
of
a
syllogism
.
ourselves
pronoun
the
reflexive
form
of
we
or
us
,
used
when
the
speakers
are
also
the
object
of
the
verb
or
preposition
β’
After
the
long
hike
,
we
treated
ourselves
to
huge
chocolate
milkshakes
at
the
cafΓ©
.
After
the
long
hike
,
we
treated
ourselves
to
huge
chocolate
milkshakes
at
the
cafΓ©
.
β’
We
reminded
ourselves
to
bring
sunscreen
before
leaving
for
the
beach
.
We
reminded
ourselves
to
bring
sunscreen
before
leaving
for
the
beach
.
constructed
in
Middle
English
by
combining
our
+
selves
,
patterned
after
himself
and
themselves
pronoun
used
for
emphasis
to
show
that
the
speakers
do
something
alone
,
without
help
,
or
to
contrast
with
others
β’
We
painted
the
entire
living
room
ourselves
,
saving
a
lot
of
money
.
We
painted
the
entire
living
room
ourselves
,
saving
a
lot
of
money
.
β’
The
teacher
offered
help
,
but
we
finished
the
science
project
ourselves
.
The
teacher
offered
help
,
but
we
finished
the
science
project
ourselves
.
excuse
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
used
politely
to
get
someone
β
s
attention
,
to
pass
by
,
or
to
say
you
are
sorry
for
a
small
interruption
β’
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
β’
He
whispered
β
excuse
me
β
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
He
whispered
β
excuse
me
β
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
forgive
someone
for
a
small
mistake
or
bad
thing
they
did
so
they
are
not
blamed
or
punished
β’
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
β’
The
referee
excused
the
player
β
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
The
referee
excused
the
player
β
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
β
excusier
β,
from
Latin
β
excusare
β
meaning
β
to
free
from
blame
β.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
give
someone
permission
to
leave
or
not
take
part
in
something
β’
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
β’
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
a
reason
,
often
not
a
good
one
,
that
you
give
to
explain
why
you
did
something
wrong
or
couldn
β
t
do
something
β’
Jack
β
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
Jack
β
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
β’
That
β
s
just
an
excuse
β
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
That
β
s
just
an
excuse
β
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
something
that
is
a
very
poor
or
weak
example
of
its
kind
β’
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
β’
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
famous
adjective
known
by
many
people
because
of
special
achievements
,
qualities
,
or
events
β’
The
famous
actor
waved
to
the
crowd
outside
the
theater
.
The
famous
actor
waved
to
the
crowd
outside
the
theater
.
β’
Mona
Lisa
is
perhaps
the
most
famous
painting
in
the
world
.
Mona
Lisa
is
perhaps
the
most
famous
painting
in
the
world
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
famosus
"
celebrated
,
much
talked
of
,"
from
fama
"
fame
."
adjective
(
informal
,
dated
)
excellent
or
very
enjoyable
β’
That
was
a
famous
meal
β
I'm
completely
full
!
That
was
a
famous
meal
β
I'm
completely
full
!
β’
We
had
a
famous
time
at
the
county
fair
yesterday
.
We
had
a
famous
time
at
the
county
fair
yesterday
.
Extension
of
the
main
sense
,
recorded
in
American
English
from
the
mid-19th
century
.
abuse
noun
-
abuse
the
wrong
or
harmful
use
of
something
such
as
power
,
drugs
,
or
resources
β’
The
committee
investigated
the
abuse
of
public
funds
.
The
committee
investigated
the
abuse
of
public
funds
.
β’
Long-term
drug
abuse
can
damage
the
liver
.
Long-term
drug
abuse
can
damage
the
liver
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
use
something
in
a
way
that
is
wrong
,
harmful
,
or
not
intended
β’
He
abused
his
position
to
gain
extra
money
.
He
abused
his
position
to
gain
extra
money
.
β’
Some
athletes
abuse
performance-enhancing
drugs
.
Some
athletes
abuse
performance-enhancing
drugs
.
noun
-
abuse
cruel
,
violent
,
or
harmful
treatment
of
a
person
or
animal
β’
The
charity
supports
children
who
have
suffered
abuse
.
The
charity
supports
children
who
have
suffered
abuse
.
β’
Years
of
emotional
abuse
left
him
feeling
worthless
.
Years
of
emotional
abuse
left
him
feeling
worthless
.
From
Old
French
abuser
,
from
Latin
abΕ«sus
,
past
participle
of
abΕ«tΔ«
meaning
β
to
use
up
,
misuse
β.
noun
-
abuse
rude
or
insulting
language
β’
The
angry
driver
shouted
abuse
at
the
cyclist
.
The
angry
driver
shouted
abuse
at
the
cyclist
.
β’
Online
abuse
can
make
people
feel
unsafe
.
Online
abuse
can
make
people
feel
unsafe
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
of
β
abuse
β;
specialized
to
refer
to
harsh
words
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
treat
a
person
or
animal
in
a
cruel
,
violent
,
or
unfair
way
β’
The
coach
was
fired
for
abusing
young
athletes
.
The
coach
was
fired
for
abusing
young
athletes
.
β’
She
cannot
forgive
her
neighbor
for
abusing
his
dog
.
She
cannot
forgive
her
neighbor
for
abusing
his
dog
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
speak
to
someone
using
rude
or
insulting
language
β’
The
crowd
abused
the
umpire
after
the
bad
call
.
The
crowd
abused
the
umpire
after
the
bad
call
.
β’
She
felt
hurt
when
her
classmates
abused
her
online
.
She
felt
hurt
when
her
classmates
abused
her
online
.
danger
noun
the
possibility
that
harm
,
injury
,
or
damage
may
happen
β’
Children
playing
near
the
busy
road
were
in
great
danger
.
Children
playing
near
the
busy
road
were
in
great
danger
.
β’
Workers
wear
helmets
to
reduce
the
danger
of
falling
objects
on
the
construction
site
.
Workers
wear
helmets
to
reduce
the
danger
of
falling
objects
on
the
construction
site
.
From
Old
French
danger
,
daunger
,
originally
meaning
"
power
,
jurisdiction
,"
which
evolved
to
"
risk
"
because
people
feared
those
with
power
.
noun
a
person
,
thing
,
or
situation
that
can
cause
harm
or
injury
β’
That
broken
step
is
a
real
danger
to
anyone
using
the
stairs
.
That
broken
step
is
a
real
danger
to
anyone
using
the
stairs
.
β’
Loose
wires
hanging
from
the
ceiling
posed
hidden
dangers
for
the
maintenance
crew
.
Loose
wires
hanging
from
the
ceiling
posed
hidden
dangers
for
the
maintenance
crew
.
Same
historical
root
as
the
general
sense
,
expanding
from
abstract
risk
to
a
concrete
source
of
harm
.
busy
adjective
-
busy
,
busier
,
busiest
having
a
lot
of
things
to
do
and
therefore
not
free
β’
I
β
m
busy
right
now
;
can
I
call
you
back
later
?
I
β
m
busy
right
now
;
can
I
call
you
back
later
?
β’
During
exam
week
,
the
students
were
too
busy
to
hang
out
.
During
exam
week
,
the
students
were
too
busy
to
hang
out
.
adjective
-
busy
,
busier
,
busiest
(
of
a
place
or
time
)
full
of
activity
and
people
β’
The
market
is
especially
busy
on
Saturdays
.
The
market
is
especially
busy
on
Saturdays
.
β’
We
avoided
the
busy
city
center
during
rush
hour
.
We
avoided
the
busy
city
center
during
rush
hour
.
adjective
-
busy
,
busier
,
busiest
(
of
a
telephone
line
)
already
in
use
so
that
calls
cannot
get
through
β’
I
tried
calling
,
but
the
number
was
busy
.
I
tried
calling
,
but
the
number
was
busy
.
β’
If
the
line
is
busy
,
just
leave
a
message
.
If
the
line
is
busy
,
just
leave
a
message
.
adjective
-
busy
,
busier
,
busiest
containing
too
many
details
,
colours
,
or
elements
so
that
it
looks
confusing
β’
The
wallpaper
was
too
busy
,
so
we
painted
the
wall
instead
.
The
wallpaper
was
too
busy
,
so
we
painted
the
wall
instead
.
β’
I
like
simple
slides
;
yours
are
a
bit
busy
.
I
like
simple
slides
;
yours
are
a
bit
busy
.
verb
-
busy
,
busying
,
busies
,
busied
to
occupy
yourself
or
someone
else
with
activity
β’
She
busied
herself
sorting
the
photos
all
afternoon
.
She
busied
herself
sorting
the
photos
all
afternoon
.
β’
The
volunteers
busied
themselves
setting
up
chairs
before
the
event
.
The
volunteers
busied
themselves
setting
up
chairs
before
the
event
.
useful
adjective
able
to
help
you
do
something
or
to
achieve
what
you
need
β’
This
online
map
was
extremely
useful
when
we
got
lost
in
the
city
.
This
online
map
was
extremely
useful
when
we
got
lost
in
the
city
.
β’
A
notebook
can
be
useful
for
writing
down
ideas
before
you
forget
them
.
A
notebook
can
be
useful
for
writing
down
ideas
before
you
forget
them
.
From
use
+
-ful
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adjective
(
of
a
person
)
able
and
willing
to
do
practical
tasks
well
;
handy
β’
Grandpa
is
very
useful
around
the
house
and
can
fix
almost
anything
.
Grandpa
is
very
useful
around
the
house
and
can
fix
almost
anything
.
β’
The
scout
leader
taught
us
how
to
be
useful
in
an
emergency
.
The
scout
leader
taught
us
how
to
be
useful
in
an
emergency
.
adjective
(
informal
)
fairly
large
,
impressive
,
or
good
in
amount
,
size
,
or
quality
β’
The
cricket
team
made
a
useful
250
runs
before
lunch
.
The
cricket
team
made
a
useful
250
runs
before
lunch
.
β’
She
has
saved
a
useful
amount
of
money
for
her
trip
.
She
has
saved
a
useful
amount
of
money
for
her
trip
.
used
adjective
not
new
;
owned
or
worn
by
someone
before
β’
John
bought
a
used
car
to
save
money
.
John
bought
a
used
car
to
save
money
.
β’
We
donate
our
used
clothes
to
charity
every
spring
.
We
donate
our
used
clothes
to
charity
every
spring
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
"
use
":
employed
something
for
a
purpose
β’
We
used
the
map
to
find
the
hiking
trail
.
We
used
the
map
to
find
the
hiking
trail
.
β’
She
used
her
creativity
to
decorate
the
room
.
She
used
her
creativity
to
decorate
the
room
.
adjective
familiar
with
something
so
that
it
is
no
longer
strange
or
difficult
,
usually
followed
by
β
to
β
β’
I
am
used
to
getting
up
early
for
work
.
I
am
used
to
getting
up
early
for
work
.
β’
She
wasn
β
t
used
to
the
spicy
food
at
first
.
She
wasn
β
t
used
to
the
spicy
food
at
first
.
used to
verb
a
verb
phrase
showing
that
something
happened
regularly
or
was
true
in
the
past
but
no
longer
happens
or
is
true
β’
I
used
to
play
soccer
every
weekend
when
I
was
a
kid
.
I
used to
play
soccer
every
weekend
when
I
was
a
kid
.
β’
There
used
to
be
a
movie
theater
on
this
street
.
There
used to
be
a
movie
theater
on
this
street
.
Russian
adjective
relating
to
Russia
,
its
people
,
or
its
language
β’
The
Russian
ballet
troupe
received
a
standing
ovation
.
The
Russian
ballet
troupe
received
a
standing
ovation
.
β’
He
enjoys
reading
Russian
literature
in
its
original
language
.
He
enjoys
reading
Russian
literature
in
its
original
language
.
noun
a
person
who
comes
from
Russia
or
whose
family
is
from
Russia
β’
A
Russian
explained
the
subway
map
to
us
in
perfect
English
.
A
Russian
explained
the
subway
map
to
us
in
perfect
English
.
β’
The
museum
guide
was
a
friendly
Russian
with
a
broad
smile
.
The
museum
guide
was
a
friendly
Russian
with
a
broad
smile
.
noun
-
Russian
the
Slavic
language
spoken
in
Russia
and
many
neighboring
countries
β’
She
is
learning
Russian
to
talk
with
her
grandmother
.
She
is
learning
Russian
to
talk
with
her
grandmother
.
β’
The
label
on
the
product
was
written
in
Russian
and
English
.
The
label
on
the
product
was
written
in
Russian
and
English
.
plus
preposition
added
to
;
together
with
β’
Three
plus
two
equals
five
.
Three
plus
two
equals
five
.
β’
You
get
a
free
drink
plus
a
cookie
with
the
meal
.
You
get
a
free
drink
plus
a
cookie
with
the
meal
.
conjunction
and
also
;
in
addition
β’
We
need
bread
,
eggs
,
plus
milk
.
We
need
bread
,
eggs
,
plus
milk
.
β’
He
was
tired
,
plus
it
was
getting
dark
.
He
was
tired
,
plus
it
was
getting
dark
.
noun
-
plus
,
pluses
the
symbol
"
+
"
showing
addition
or
a
positive
number
β’
Write
a
plus
between
the
numbers
.
Write
a
plus
between
the
numbers
.
β’
The
calculator's
plus
button
is
worn
out
.
The
calculator's
plus
button
is
worn
out
.
noun
-
plus
,
pluses
a
good
or
helpful
quality
;
an
advantage
β’
Living
near
school
is
a
big
plus
.
Living
near
school
is
a
big
plus
.
β’
One
plus
of
this
phone
is
its
long
battery
life
.
One
plus
of
this
phone
is
its
long
battery
life
.
adjective
having
something
extra
or
giving
an
added
benefit
β’
Employees
get
plus
benefits
after
a
year
.
Employees
get
plus
benefits
after
a
year
.
β’
It's
a
plus
version
with
more
memory
.
It's
a
plus
version
with
more
memory
.
accuse
verb
-
accuse
,
accusing
,
accuses
,
accused
to
say
that
someone
has
done
something
bad
or
wrong
β’
Without
any
evidence
,
the
reporter
accused
the
mayor
of
corruption
.
Without
any
evidence
,
the
reporter
accused
the
mayor
of
corruption
.
β’
"
Don't
accuse
me
of
breaking
the
vase
;
I
wasn't
even
home
!"
she
shouted
.
"
Don't
accuse
me
of
breaking
the
vase
;
I
wasn't
even
home
!"
she
shouted
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
accusare
β
call
to
account
β,
from
ad-
β
towards
β
+
causa
β
reason
,
motive
,
lawsuit
β.
verb
-
accuse
,
accusing
,
accuses
,
accused
to
charge
someone
officially
with
a
crime
in
a
court
of
law
β’
The
police
officially
accused
the
man
of
robbery
after
reviewing
the
footage
.
The
police
officially
accused
the
man
of
robbery
after
reviewing
the
footage
.
β’
In
court
,
the
prosecutor
accused
the
company
of
fraud
.
In
court
,
the
prosecutor
accused
the
company
of
fraud
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
accusare
β
call
to
account
β,
used
in
Roman
legal
proceedings
.
previously
adverb
at
an
earlier
time
or
before
the
moment
,
situation
,
or
event
that
you
are
talking
about
β’
I
had
previously
visited
Paris
,
so
I
knew
my
way
around
.
I
had
previously
visited
Paris
,
so
I
knew
my
way
around
.
β’
The
building
previously
served
as
a
post
office
before
becoming
a
museum
.
The
building
previously
served
as
a
post
office
before
becoming
a
museum
.
Formed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
adjective
β
previous
β
+
the
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
β.
campus
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
that
belong
to
a
college
,
university
,
or
similar
school
β’
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
β’
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
Late
18th-century
American
English
,
from
Latin
campus
meaning
β
field
,
plain
.β
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
where
a
company
,
research
center
,
or
other
large
organization
is
located
in
one
area
β’
The
tech
giant
β
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
The
tech
giant
β
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
β’
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Extension
of
the
earlier
academic
sense
to
commercial
properties
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
suspect
verb
to
believe
that
something
is
probably
true
or
that
someone
has
probably
done
something
wrong
,
often
without
having
complete
proof
β’
I
suspect
we
will
be
late
if
we
don
β
t
leave
now
.
I
suspect
we
will
be
late
if
we
don
β
t
leave
now
.
β’
The
police
suspect
him
of
stealing
the
bicycle
.
The
police
suspect
him
of
stealing
the
bicycle
.
From
Latin
suspicere
β
look
up
at
,
look
askance
at
β,
later
β
mistrust
β,
via
Old
French
suspecier
.
noun
a
person
who
is
believed
to
have
committed
a
crime
or
done
something
wrong
β’
The
suspect
was
arrested
near
the
train
station
.
The
suspect
was
arrested
near
the
train
station
.
β’
Police
questioned
several
suspects
after
the
robbery
.
Police
questioned
several
suspects
after
the
robbery
.
From
the
verb
β
suspect
,β
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
late
15th
century
.
adjective
likely
to
be
false
,
bad
,
or
untrustworthy
β’
The
meat
smelled
suspect
,
so
we
threw
it
away
.
The
meat
smelled
suspect
,
so
we
threw
it
away
.
β’
His
suspect
alibi
didn
β
t
convince
the
jury
.
His
suspect
alibi
didn
β
t
convince
the
jury
.
Adjective
use
developed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
in
the
17th
century
,
describing
something
that
arouses
suspicion
.
household
noun
all
the
people
who
live
together
in
the
same
home
,
thought
of
as
one
unit
β’
There
are
six
people
in
my
household
,
so
we
use
a
lot
of
electricity
.
There
are
six
people
in
my
household
,
so
we
use
a
lot
of
electricity
.
β’
Each
household
on
the
street
received
a
survey
about
recycling
.
Each
household
on
the
street
received
a
survey
about
recycling
.
Old
English
hΕ«s
β
house
β
+
hΔld
β
keeper
,
inhabitant
,β
later
shifting
to
mean
the
people
living
in
a
house
.
adjective
used
in
homes
or
connected
with
the
daily
life
of
people
who
live
together
β’
We
buy
most
of
our
household
cleaning
products
at
the
local
market
.
We
buy
most
of
our
household
cleaning
products
at
the
local
market
.
β’
Sorting
household
waste
into
different
bins
helps
the
environment
.
Sorting
household
waste
into
different
bins
helps
the
environment
.
Extended
from
the
noun
sense
in
late
Middle
English
to
modify
items
or
activities
associated
with
the
home
.
muscle
noun
a
type
of
soft
body
tissue
made
of
long
fibers
that
can
contract
and
relax
to
move
parts
of
the
body
and
keep
it
in
shape
β’
He
pulled
a
muscle
in
his
leg
while
running
.
He
pulled
a
muscle
in
his
leg
while
running
.
β’
The
human
body
has
more
than
600
muscles
.
The
human
body
has
more
than
600
muscles
.
From
Latin
musculus
β
little
mouse
,
muscle
,β
because
of
the
shape
of
some
muscles
under
the
skin
.
noun
physical
strength
,
especially
when
it
is
visible
or
used
to
perform
hard
work
β’
You
need
a
lot
of
muscle
to
lift
that
heavy
sofa
.
You
need
a
lot
of
muscle
to
lift
that
heavy
sofa
.
β’
Years
of
rowing
built
solid
muscle
on
her
arms
.
Years
of
rowing
built
solid
muscle
on
her
arms
.
noun
power
or
influence
that
can
make
others
obey
,
especially
when
backed
by
force
or
money
β’
The
union
used
its
political
muscle
to
secure
better
wages
.
The
union
used
its
political
muscle
to
secure
better
wages
.
β’
Small
firms
cannot
match
the
financial
muscle
of
big
corporations
.
Small
firms
cannot
match
the
financial
muscle
of
big
corporations
.
verb
-
muscle
,
muscling
,
muscles
,
muscled
to
move
or
force
your
way
somewhere
,
or
to
make
someone
do
something
,
by
using
strength
or
determination
β’
He
muscled
the
box
onto
the
shelf
by
himself
.
He
muscled
the
box
onto
the
shelf
by
himself
.
β’
The
company
tried
to
muscle
its
rival
out
of
the
market
.
The
company
tried
to
muscle
its
rival
out
of
the
market
.
industrial
adjective
connected
with
factories
,
making
things
in
large
quantities
,
or
the
people
and
places
involved
in
this
work
.
β’
The
city
built
new
roads
to
support
its
growing
industrial
area
.
The
city
built
new
roads
to
support
its
growing
industrial
area
.
β’
Many
workers
in
the
region
rely
on
industrial
jobs
at
the
car
plant
.
Many
workers
in
the
region
rely
on
industrial
jobs
at
the
car
plant
.
From
industry
+β
-al
,
first
attested
in
the
early
19th
century
.
adjective
made
for
,
or
strong
enough
for
,
heavy
or
large-scale
use
rather
than
for
the
home
.
β’
They
bought
an
industrial-size
freezer
to
store
all
the
seafood
.
They
bought
an
industrial-size
freezer
to
store
all
the
seafood
.
β’
The
workshop
uses
industrial
drills
that
can
cut
through
thick
steel
plates
.
The
workshop
uses
industrial
drills
that
can
cut
through
thick
steel
plates
.
adjective
describing
a
design
or
decorating
style
that
uses
raw
,
utilitarian
materials
like
metal
,
concrete
,
and
exposed
pipes
,
similar
to
a
factory
look
.
β’
The
cafΓ©
features
an
industrial
interior
with
bare
brick
walls
and
metal
stools
.
The
cafΓ©
features
an
industrial
interior
with
bare
brick
walls
and
metal
stools
.
β’
They
chose
industrial
lighting
fixtures
to
match
the
loft
β
s
concrete
ceiling
.
They
chose
industrial
lighting
fixtures
to
match
the
loft
β
s
concrete
ceiling
.
noun
a
company
or
share
connected
with
manufacturing
,
especially
when
talked
about
on
the
stock
market
.
β’
Technology
stocks
fell
,
but
industrials
gained
2%
by
the
end
of
trading
.
Technology
stocks
fell
,
but
industrials
gained
2%
by
the
end
of
trading
.
β’
She
shifted
her
portfolio
from
energy
firms
to
industrials
for
steady
growth
.
She
shifted
her
portfolio
from
energy
firms
to
industrials
for
steady
growth
.
numerous
adjective
existing
or
occurring
in
very
large
numbers
;
many
.
β’
The
national
park
is
home
to
numerous
species
of
brightly
colored
birds
.
The
national
park
is
home
to
numerous
species
of
brightly
colored
birds
.
β’
The
library
offers
numerous
resources
for
students
researching
ancient
history
.
The
library
offers
numerous
resources
for
students
researching
ancient
history
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
β
numerosus
β
meaning
β
full
of
number
β,
from
β
numerus
β (β
number
β).
housing
noun
-
housing
buildings
,
apartments
,
or
other
places
where
people
live
,
and
the
system
of
providing
them
β’
The
city
is
building
more
affordable
housing
for
young
families
.
The
city
is
building
more
affordable
housing
for
young
families
.
β’
After
the
earthquake
,
many
people
were
left
without
housing
.
After
the
earthquake
,
many
people
were
left
without
housing
.
noun
a
rigid
outer
cover
that
protects
a
machine
,
device
,
or
one
of
its
parts
β’
The
plastic
housing
protects
the
camera
from
rain
and
dust
.
The
plastic
housing
protects
the
camera
from
rain
and
dust
.
β’
She
removed
the
metal
housing
to
replace
the
fan
inside
her
computer
.
She
removed
the
metal
housing
to
replace
the
fan
inside
her
computer
.
nervous
adjective
-
nervous
feeling
worried
,
afraid
,
or
uneasy
because
something
difficult
or
unknown
is
about
to
happen
β’
Before
the
big
math
test
,
Maria
felt
nervous
and
kept
tapping
her
pencil
on
the
desk
.
Before
the
big
math
test
,
Maria
felt
nervous
and
kept
tapping
her
pencil
on
the
desk
.
β’
Standing
backstage
,
the
young
man
grew
nervous
as
he
heard
the
audience
clapping
for
the
next
performer
.
Standing
backstage
,
the
young
man
grew
nervous
as
he
heard
the
audience
clapping
for
the
next
performer
.
From
Latin
nervosus
β
sinewy
,
vigorous
β,
later
β
high-strung
β,
from
nervus
β
nerve
β.
The
emotional
sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
when
nerves
were
linked
to
feelings
of
anxiety
.
adjective
-
nervous
relating
to
the
nerves
in
a
living
body
β’
The
surgeon
warned
that
cutting
near
that
area
could
damage
nervous
tissue
.
The
surgeon
warned
that
cutting
near
that
area
could
damage
nervous
tissue
.
β’
In
biology
class
,
we
studied
how
the
nervous
system
sends
signals
from
the
brain
to
the
muscles
.
In
biology
class
,
we
studied
how
the
nervous
system
sends
signals
from
the
brain
to
the
muscles
.
Adopted
in
the
18th
century
for
scientific
description
of
body
nerves
,
extending
the
older
Latin-based
term
to
anatomy
and
medicine
.
unusual
adjective
not
common
or
ordinary
;
happening
,
seen
,
or
done
only
rarely
β’
It's
unusual
to
see
snow
here
in
October
.
It's
unusual
to
see
snow
here
in
October
.
β’
Finding
an
empty
seat
on
the
rush-hour
bus
is
unusual
.
Finding
an
empty
seat
on
the
rush-hour
bus
is
unusual
.
adjective
strange
or
surprising
because
it
is
different
from
what
is
expected
or
normal
β’
The
restaurant
serves
an
unusual
combination
of
chocolate
and
chili
.
The
restaurant
serves
an
unusual
combination
of
chocolate
and
chili
.
β’
He
has
an
unusual
way
of
laughing
that
makes
everyone
smile
.
He
has
an
unusual
way
of
laughing
that
makes
everyone
smile
.
anonymous
adjective
having
a
name
that
is
not
known
or
not
given
β’
The
charity
received
an
anonymous
donation
of
one
million
dollars
.
The
charity
received
an
anonymous
donation
of
one
million
dollars
.
β’
An
anonymous
caller
warned
the
police
about
the
fire
.
An
anonymous
caller
warned
the
police
about
the
fire
.
From
Greek
an-
β
without
β
+
Γ³noma
β
name
,β
via
Latin
anonymus
and
French
anonyme
.
adjective
lacking
any
special
or
recognizable
features
,
so
as
not
to
stand
out
β’
The
hallway
was
lined
with
anonymous
gray
doors
that
all
looked
the
same
.
The
hallway
was
lined
with
anonymous
gray
doors
that
all
looked
the
same
.
β’
He
lives
in
an
anonymous
apartment
block
on
the
outskirts
of
the
city
.
He
lives
in
an
anonymous
apartment
block
on
the
outskirts
of
the
city
.
From
Greek
an-
β
without
β
+
Γ³noma
β
name
,β
reflecting
the
idea
of
something
without
identity
or
character
.
adjective
(
computing
)
allowing
a
user
to
act
or
communicate
without
revealing
their
identity
β’
I
browsed
the
web
in
anonymous
mode
to
avoid
leaving
tracking
data
.
I
browsed
the
web
in
anonymous
mode
to
avoid
leaving
tracking
data
.
β’
Some
forums
allow
users
to
post
anonymous
comments
without
registering
.
Some
forums
allow
users
to
post
anonymous
comments
without
registering
.
Extended
from
the
general
meaning
of
β
without
a
name
β
to
digital
contexts
in
the
late
20th
century
.
Anonymous
noun
-
Anonymous
an
informal
,
loosely
organized
international
group
of
hacktivists
known
for
cyber
attacks
and
online
protests
β’
Anonymous
claimed
responsibility
for
the
cyberattack
on
the
government
website
.
Anonymous
claimed
responsibility
for
the
cyberattack
on
the
government
website
.
β’
Members
of
Anonymous
wear
Guy
Fawkes
masks
during
protests
.
Members
of
Anonymous
wear
Guy
Fawkes
masks
during
protests
.
The
group
adopted
the
name
from
imageboard
culture
in
the
early
2000s
,
where
posts
by
unknown
users
were
labeled
β
Anonymous
.β
adjust
verb
to
change
something
slightly
so
it
fits
,
works
,
or
looks
better
β’
Before
driving
,
he
adjusted
the
rear-view
mirror
so
he
could
see
the
traffic
behind
him
.
Before
driving
,
he
adjusted
the
rear-view
mirror
so
he
could
see
the
traffic
behind
him
.
β’
The
tailor
carefully
adjusted
the
sleeves
,
making
the
jacket
fit
the
customer
perfectly
.
The
tailor
carefully
adjusted
the
sleeves
,
making
the
jacket
fit
the
customer
perfectly
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Old
French
ajuster
β
bring
into
line
β,
based
on
Latin
ad-
β
to
β
+
juxta
β
near
β.
verb
to
gradually
become
familiar
with
a
new
situation
or
condition
β’
After
moving
abroad
,
Maya
adjusted
quickly
to
the
cold
winters
.
After
moving
abroad
,
Maya
adjusted
quickly
to
the
cold
winters
.
β’
New
students
sometimes
struggle
to
adjust
to
college
life
.
New
students
sometimes
struggle
to
adjust
to
college
life
.
verb
to
examine
and
settle
an
insurance
claim
or
financial
amount
so
it
is
accurate
β’
The
claims
officer
adjusted
the
insurance
payout
after
inspecting
the
damage
.
The
claims
officer
adjusted
the
insurance
payout
after
inspecting
the
damage
.
β’
Auditors
will
adjust
the
figures
to
reflect
the
latest
financial
regulations
.
Auditors
will
adjust
the
figures
to
reflect
the
latest
financial
regulations
.
usual
adjective
happening
,
done
,
or
existing
most
of
the
time
;
typical
or
normal
β’
It
is
usual
for
him
to
jog
before
breakfast
.
It
is
usual
for
him
to
jog
before
breakfast
.
β’
Maria
chose
her
usual
seat
by
the
cafΓ©
window
.
Maria
chose
her
usual
seat
by
the
cafΓ©
window
.
From
late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
usuel
,
based
on
Latin
usus
β
a
use
β.
the usual
noun
the
thing
that
someone
regularly
chooses
or
that
usually
happens
,
especially
a
person
β
s
regular
drink
,
meal
,
or
order
β’
"
I'll
have
the
usual
,
please
,"
he
told
the
barista
.
"
I'll
have
the usual
,
please
,"
he
told
the
barista
.
β’
At
the
diner
,
the
waitress
nodded
when
Sarah
asked
for
the
usual
.
At
the
diner
,
the
waitress
nodded
when
Sarah
asked
for
the usual
.
Nominal
use
of
the
adjective
phrase
β
the
usual
,β
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
in
bar
and
cafΓ©
slang
.
rush
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
move
or
do
something
with
great
speed
,
often
because
there
is
little
time
β’
We
had
to
rush
to
catch
the
last
train
.
We
had
to
rush
to
catch
the
last
train
.
β’
She
rushed
through
her
homework
so
she
could
watch
TV
.
She
rushed
through
her
homework
so
she
could
watch
TV
.
From
Middle
English
rushen
,
from
Old
French
ruser
β
rush
,
drive
back
β,
influenced
by
Anglo-Norman
russher
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
sudden
hurry
when
you
try
to
do
things
quickly
because
you
do
not
have
much
time
β’
In
her
rush
to
leave
,
she
spilled
coffee
everywhere
.
In
her
rush
to
leave
,
she
spilled
coffee
everywhere
.
β’
There's
no
rush
β
take
your
time
.
There's
no
rush
β
take
your
time
.
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
take
or
send
somebody
or
something
somewhere
very
quickly
because
it
is
urgent
β’
They
rushed
the
injured
man
to
the
hospital
.
They
rushed
the
injured
man
to
the
hospital
.
β’
The
company
rushed
a
replacement
part
to
the
customer
.
The
company
rushed
a
replacement
part
to
the
customer
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
time
when
many
people
all
want
to
do
or
get
something
at
the
same
moment
,
making
the
situation
busy
or
crowded
β’
The
subway
is
packed
during
the
morning
rush
.
The
subway
is
packed
during
the
morning
rush
.
β’
Shops
hire
extra
staff
for
the
Christmas
shopping
rush
.
Shops
hire
extra
staff
for
the
Christmas
shopping
rush
.
adjective
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
done
or
happening
very
quickly
because
it
is
urgent
β’
They
placed
a
rush
order
for
the
wedding
invitations
.
They
placed
a
rush
order
for
the
wedding
invitations
.
β’
The
editor
asked
for
a
rush
rewrite
of
the
article
.
The
editor
asked
for
a
rush
rewrite
of
the
article
.
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
move
forward
quickly
and
forcefully
toward
someone
or
something
,
often
to
attack
or
pressure
them
β’
The
soldiers
rushed
the
enemy
position
at
dawn
.
The
soldiers
rushed
the
enemy
position
at
dawn
.
β’
Fans
rushed
the
stage
when
the
band
appeared
.
Fans
rushed
the
stage
when
the
band
appeared
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
sudden
strong
feeling
of
excitement
or
energy
that
you
experience
,
especially
from
fear
,
pleasure
,
or
a
drug
β’
He
felt
an
adrenaline
rush
when
the
roller
coaster
dropped
.
He
felt
an
adrenaline
rush
when
the
roller
coaster
dropped
.
β’
The
music
gave
her
a
rush
of
excitement
.
The
music
gave
her
a
rush
of
excitement
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
in
US
colleges
,
a
period
of
events
when
fraternities
or
sororities
try
to
recruit
new
members
β’
During
rush
,
each
fraternity
hosts
themed
parties
.
During
rush
,
each
fraternity
hosts
themed
parties
.
β’
She
felt
overwhelmed
by
the
constant
invitations
in
sorority
rush
.
She
felt
overwhelmed
by
the
constant
invitations
in
sorority
rush
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
tall
,
thin
,
grass-like
plant
that
grows
in
wet
ground
and
is
often
used
for
weaving
mats
or
baskets
β’
Brown
rush
grew
along
the
edges
of
the
pond
.
Brown
rush
grew
along
the
edges
of
the
pond
.
β’
We
used
dried
rush
to
weave
baskets
.
We
used
dried
rush
to
weave
baskets
.
mystery
noun
-
mystery
,
mysteries
something
that
is
difficult
or
impossible
to
understand
or
explain
β’
Where
the
cat
goes
every
night
remains
a
mystery
.
Where
the
cat
goes
every
night
remains
a
mystery
.
β’
Scientists
are
trying
to
solve
the
mystery
of
how
the
pyramids
were
built
.
Scientists
are
trying
to
solve
the
mystery
of
how
the
pyramids
were
built
.
From
Latin
mysterium
via
Old
French
mistere
,
originally
from
Ancient
Greek
mystαΈrion
meaning
β
secret
rite
β.
Muslim
noun
a
person
who
follows
the
religion
of
Islam
β’
Amina
is
a
devout
Muslim
who
prays
five
times
a
day
.
Amina
is
a
devout
Muslim
who
prays
five
times
a
day
.
β’
During
Ramadan
,
many
Muslims
fast
from
dawn
to
sunset
.
During
Ramadan
,
many
Muslims
fast
from
dawn
to
sunset
.
From
Arabic
β
muslim
β
meaning
β
one
who
submits
(
to
God
)β.
adjective
relating
to
Muslims
or
to
the
religion
of
Islam
β’
They
attended
a
beautiful
Muslim
wedding
that
lasted
three
days
.
They
attended
a
beautiful
Muslim
wedding
that
lasted
three
days
.
β’
The
museum
has
an
exhibition
of
centuries-old
Muslim
art
.
The
museum
has
an
exhibition
of
centuries-old
Muslim
art
.
Derived
from
Arabic
β
muslim
,β
literally
β
one
who
submits
(
to
God
),β
used
in
English
since
the
17th
century
.
musical
adjective
connected
with
or
involving
music
β’
She
bought
a
set
of
colored
pencils
for
her
musical
theory
class
.
She
bought
a
set
of
colored
pencils
for
her
musical
theory
class
.
β’
The
summer
camp
offers
many
musical
activities
for
children
,
including
drumming
circles
and
choir
practice
.
The
summer
camp
offers
many
musical
activities
for
children
,
including
drumming
circles
and
choir
practice
.
adjective
able
to
play
,
sing
,
or
understand
music
well
β’
Even
as
a
child
,
Maya
was
very
musical
and
could
play
melodies
by
ear
.
Even
as
a
child
,
Maya
was
very
musical
and
could
play
melodies
by
ear
.
β’
Their
baby
seems
surprisingly
musical
,
swaying
and
clapping
perfectly
in
time
with
the
song
.
Their
baby
seems
surprisingly
musical
,
swaying
and
clapping
perfectly
in
time
with
the
song
.
noun
a
play
or
film
in
which
the
story
is
told
chiefly
through
songs
,
music
,
and
dance
β’
We
bought
tickets
to
the
new
Broadway
musical
opening
this
weekend
.
We
bought
tickets
to
the
new
Broadway
musical
opening
this
weekend
.
β’
Her
dream
is
to
write
a
musical
about
astronauts
exploring
Mars
.
Her
dream
is
to
write
a
musical
about
astronauts
exploring
Mars
.
adjective
having
a
pleasant
melody
or
sound
like
music
β’
The
brook
made
a
gentle
,
musical
sound
as
it
flowed
over
the
stones
.
The
brook
made
a
gentle
,
musical
sound
as
it
flowed
over
the
stones
.
β’
I
love
the
musical
lilt
of
her
Irish
accent
.
I
love
the
musical
lilt
of
her
Irish
accent
.
enormous
adjective
extremely
large
in
physical
size
,
amount
,
or
number
.
β’
The
blue
whale
is
an
enormous
animal
,
stretching
longer
than
a
city
bus
.
The
blue
whale
is
an
enormous
animal
,
stretching
longer
than
a
city
bus
.
β’
They
ordered
an
enormous
pizza
that
barely
fit
through
the
doorway
when
it
was
delivered
.
They
ordered
an
enormous
pizza
that
barely
fit
through
the
doorway
when
it
was
delivered
.
From
Late
Latin
enormis
meaning
β
irregular
,
huge
β,
from
Latin
e-
β
out
of
β
+
norm-
β
rule
,
pattern
β.
The
sense
of
β
very
large
β
developed
in
English
during
the
16th
century
.
adjective
very
great
in
degree
,
intensity
,
or
importance
.
β’
She
felt
an
enormous
relief
when
the
exam
was
finally
over
.
She
felt
an
enormous
relief
when
the
exam
was
finally
over
.
β’
The
scientist
β
s
discovery
had
an
enormous
impact
on
medical
research
.
The
scientist
β
s
discovery
had
an
enormous
impact
on
medical
research
.
From
Late
Latin
enormis
meaning
β
irregular
,
huge
β,
later
used
figuratively
for
anything
out
of
the
ordinary
or
exceedingly
great
.
dust
noun
-
dust
very
small
,
dry
particles
of
earth
or
other
matter
that
can
form
a
powder
on
surfaces
or
float
in
the
air
β’
A
beam
of
sunlight
shone
through
the
window
,
revealing
tiny
particles
of
dust
floating
in
the
air
.
A
beam
of
sunlight
shone
through
the
window
,
revealing
tiny
particles
of
dust
floating
in
the
air
.
β’
After
weeks
away
,
the
furniture
was
covered
in
a
thick
layer
of
dust
.
After
weeks
away
,
the
furniture
was
covered
in
a
thick
layer
of
dust
.
Old
English
β
dust
β,
related
to
German
β
Dunst
β
meaning
β
dry
vapor
β
or
β
mist
β.
verb
-
dust
,
dusting
,
dusts
,
dusted
to
remove
dust
from
a
surface
by
wiping
or
brushing
it
β’
Every
Saturday
morning
,
she
dusts
the
shelves
in
the
living
room
.
Every
Saturday
morning
,
she
dusts
the
shelves
in
the
living
room
.
β’
Could
you
dust
the
picture
frames
while
I
vacuum
?
Could
you
dust
the
picture
frames
while
I
vacuum
?
verb
-
dust
,
dusting
,
dusts
,
dusted
to
lightly
cover
something
with
a
fine
dry
substance
such
as
flour
,
sugar
,
or
powder
β’
The
baker
dusts
the
cookies
with
powdered
sugar
before
serving
.
The
baker
dusts
the
cookies
with
powdered
sugar
before
serving
.
β’
She
dusted
cocoa
over
the
creamy
dessert
.
She
dusted
cocoa
over
the
creamy
dessert
.
verb
-
dust
,
dusting
,
dusts
,
dusted
(
informal
)
to
defeat
someone
very
easily
or
completely
β’
Our
team
dusted
the
rivals
5β0
in
the
final
.
Our
team
dusted
the
rivals
5β0
in
the
final
.
β’
The
chess
prodigy
dusts
experienced
opponents
without
breaking
a
sweat
.
The
chess
prodigy
dusts
experienced
opponents
without
breaking
a
sweat
.
justify
verb
-
justify
,
justifying
,
justifies
,
justified
to
give
a
good
reason
for
something
so
that
people
accept
it
as
fair
,
right
,
or
reasonable
β’
She
tried
to
justify
her
lateness
by
blaming
the
traffic
.
She
tried
to
justify
her
lateness
by
blaming
the
traffic
.
β’
No
amount
of
money
can
justify
hurting
innocent
people
.
No
amount
of
money
can
justify
hurting
innocent
people
.
From
Middle
English
justifien
,
from
Old
French
justifier
,
from
Late
Latin
justificare
β
to
make
just
β,
from
Latin
justus
β
just
β
+β
facere
β
to
make
β.
verb
-
justify
,
justifying
,
justifies
,
justified
to
arrange
written
text
so
that
lines
are
exactly
even
at
both
the
left
and
right
margins
β’
Click
this
icon
to
justify
the
text
in
your
document
.
Click
this
icon
to
justify
the
text
in
your
document
.
β’
The
paragraph
looked
messy
until
I
justified
it
.
The
paragraph
looked
messy
until
I
justified
it
.
verb
-
justify
,
justifying
,
justifies
,
justified
(
in
theology
)
to
declare
or
make
someone
morally
right
in
the
eyes
of
God
β’
The
apostle
wrote
that
faith
alone
can
justify
believers
.
The
apostle
wrote
that
faith
alone
can
justify
believers
.
β’
According
to
the
doctrine
,
baptism
does
not
itself
justify
the
soul
.
According
to
the
doctrine
,
baptism
does
not
itself
justify
the
soul
.
virus
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
a
very
small
infectious
agent
that
can
only
reproduce
inside
the
cells
of
living
organisms
,
often
causing
disease
β’
The
doctor
explained
that
the
virus
spreads
through
tiny
droplets
in
the
air
.
The
doctor
explained
that
the
virus
spreads
through
tiny
droplets
in
the
air
.
β’
Scientists
are
racing
to
develop
a
vaccine
that
can
stop
the
deadly
virus
.
Scientists
are
racing
to
develop
a
vaccine
that
can
stop
the
deadly
virus
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
14th
century
from
Latin
β
vΔ«rus
β,
meaning
β
poison
,
slime
β.
In
the
late
19th
century
scientists
adopted
the
term
for
infectious
agents
smaller
than
bacteria
.
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
a
malicious
computer
program
that
copies
itself
and
can
damage
or
disrupt
a
computer
or
network
β’
The
technician
removed
a
dangerous
virus
from
all
the
office
computers
.
The
technician
removed
a
dangerous
virus
from
all
the
office
computers
.
β’
Opening
strange
email
attachments
can
let
a
virus
infect
your
laptop
.
Opening
strange
email
attachments
can
let
a
virus
infect
your
laptop
.
First
used
for
malicious
code
in
the
1970sβ80s
by
analogy
with
biological
viruses
that
replicate
and
spread
.
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
something
harmful
,
such
as
an
idea
or
emotion
,
that
spreads
quickly
from
person
to
person
β’
Fear
spread
through
the
city
like
a
virus
.
Fear
spread
through
the
city
like
a
virus
.
β’
Some
activists
hope
kindness
can
become
a
positive
virus
that
changes
communities
.
Some
activists
hope
kindness
can
become
a
positive
virus
that
changes
communities
.
This
figurative
use
arose
by
extension
from
the
biological
meaning
,
comparing
the
rapid
spread
of
ideas
or
emotions
to
the
way
diseases
move
through
populations
.
cousin
noun
the
child
of
your
aunt
or
uncle
β’
My
cousin
Lily
is
coming
over
for
dinner
tonight
.
My
cousin
Lily
is
coming
over
for
dinner
tonight
.
β’
Every
summer
,
I
go
camping
with
my
older
cousin
Ben
in
the
mountains
.
Every
summer
,
I
go
camping
with
my
older
cousin
Ben
in
the
mountains
.
Middle
English
cosin
,
from
Old
French
cousin
,
from
Latin
consobrinus
meaning
β
mother
β
s
sister
β
s
child
.β
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
related
or
similar
to
another
thing
or
group
,
though
not
exactly
the
same
β’
The
violin
is
a
close
cousin
of
the
viola
.
The
violin
is
a
close
cousin
of
the
viola
.
β’
Canada
is
often
called
America
β
s
northern
cousin
.
Canada
is
often
called
America
β
s
northern
cousin
.
mouse
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
a
small
rodent
with
a
pointed
nose
,
large
round
ears
,
and
a
long
thin
tail
β’
A
tiny
mouse
darted
across
the
kitchen
floor
and
disappeared
behind
the
fridge
.
A
tiny
mouse
darted
across
the
kitchen
floor
and
disappeared
behind
the
fridge
.
β’
The
cat
sat
patiently
,
waiting
for
the
mouse
to
come
out
of
its
hole
in
the
wall
.
The
cat
sat
patiently
,
waiting
for
the
mouse
to
come
out
of
its
hole
in
the
wall
.
Old
English
β
mΕ«s
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
*mΕ«s
;
related
to
Sanskrit
β
mΕ«αΉ£
β
meaning
β
mouse
β
or
β
thief
β.
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
a
hand-held
device
used
to
move
the
pointer
and
select
items
on
a
computer
screen
β’
She
clicked
the
left
button
on
the
mouse
to
open
the
file
.
She
clicked
the
left
button
on
the
mouse
to
open
the
file
.
β’
The
wireless
mouse
stopped
working
when
its
battery
died
.
The
wireless
mouse
stopped
working
when
its
battery
died
.
Adopted
in
the
1960s
because
the
first
pointing
device
β
s
cord
resembled
a
tail
.
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
a
person
who
is
very
quiet
,
shy
,
and
does
not
attract
attention
β’
Although
she
is
brilliant
,
Maria
is
a
mouse
in
meetings
and
rarely
speaks
up
.
Although
she
is
brilliant
,
Maria
is
a
mouse
in
meetings
and
rarely
speaks
up
.
β’
Don
β
t
be
a
mouse
β
tell
the
class
about
your
idea
!
Don
β
t
be
a
mouse
β
tell
the
class
about
your
idea
!
Figurative
use
comparing
a
timid
person
to
the
small
,
easily
frightened
animal
.
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
(
informal
)
a
dark
swelling
or
bruise
around
the
eye
caused
by
a
blow
β’
After
slipping
on
the
ice
,
he
turned
up
at
school
with
a
nasty
mouse
under
his
left
eye
.
After
slipping
on
the
ice
,
he
turned
up
at
school
with
a
nasty
mouse
under
his
left
eye
.
β’
She
covered
the
mouse
with
concealer
before
the
family
photo
.
She
covered
the
mouse
with
concealer
before
the
family
photo
.
19th-century
British
slang
,
probably
likening
the
dark
puffiness
to
the
color
and
rounded
shape
of
a
mouse
.
verb
-
mouse
,
mousing
,
mouses
,
moused
(
computing
)
to
move
a
cursor
or
select
items
on
a
computer
screen
using
a
mouse
device
β’
If
you
mouse
to
the
corner
of
the
screen
,
a
menu
will
appear
.
If
you
mouse
to
the
corner
of
the
screen
,
a
menu
will
appear
.
β’
She
moused
over
the
image
to
reveal
the
caption
.
She
moused
over
the
image
to
reveal
the
caption
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
the
pointing
device
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
1980s
.
ridiculous
adjective
very
silly
,
unreasonable
,
or
impossible
to
take
seriously
β’
The
idea
of
building
a
snowman
in
the
desert
is
ridiculous
.
The
idea
of
building
a
snowman
in
the
desert
is
ridiculous
.
β’
Tickets
for
the
concert
sold
for
a
ridiculous
price
,
so
we
stayed
home
.
Tickets
for
the
concert
sold
for
a
ridiculous
price
,
so
we
stayed
home
.
From
Latin
ridiculus
β
laughable
β,
from
ridere
β
to
laugh
β.
illustrate
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
add
pictures
,
drawings
,
or
other
visuals
to
a
text
to
make
it
more
attractive
or
easier
to
understand
β’
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
β’
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
From
Latin
illustrare
β
make
bright
,
illuminate
,
explain
,
decorate
with
pictures
,β
from
in-
β
in
β
+
lustrare
β
brighten
,
light
up
β.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
explain
or
make
something
clear
by
giving
examples
,
pictures
,
or
comparisons
β’
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
β’
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
show
clearly
that
something
is
true
or
exists
,
often
by
being
a
typical
example
β’
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
β’
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
bureau
noun
a
tall
piece
of
bedroom
furniture
with
several
drawers
used
for
storing
clothes
β’
Jacob
folded
his
T-shirts
and
placed
them
neatly
in
the
top
drawer
of
the
bureau
.
Jacob
folded
his
T-shirts
and
placed
them
neatly
in
the
top
drawer
of
the
bureau
.
β’
An
old
oak
bureau
stood
against
the
wall
,
its
brass
handles
polished
to
a
shine
.
An
old
oak
bureau
stood
against
the
wall
,
its
brass
handles
polished
to
a
shine
.
Sense
developed
in
North
American
English
in
the
19th
century
when
β
bureau
β
came
to
describe
a
chest
of
drawers
placed
in
a
bedroom
.
noun
a
government
department
,
agency
,
or
an
office
of
an
organization
that
is
responsible
for
a
particular
kind
of
work
β’
The
Federal
Bureau
of
Investigation
solved
the
case
in
record
time
.
The
Federal
Bureau
of
Investigation
solved
the
case
in
record
time
.
β’
Olivia
handed
her
passport
forms
to
a
clerk
at
the
passport
bureau
downtown
.
Olivia
handed
her
passport
forms
to
a
clerk
at
the
passport
bureau
downtown
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
17th
century
from
French
β
bureau
,β
originally
meaning
a
cloth
covering
a
desk
,
later
the
desk
itself
,
and
by
extension
an
office
or
department
.
noun
a
writing
desk
with
drawers
and
a
hinged
or
sloping
front
that
folds
down
to
provide
a
writing
surface
β’
Oliver
unlocked
the
bureau
and
pulled
down
the
flap
to
write
a
letter
.
Oliver
unlocked
the
bureau
and
pulled
down
the
flap
to
write
a
letter
.
β’
The
antique
bureau
in
the
study
is
made
of
polished
mahogany
.
The
antique
bureau
in
the
study
is
made
of
polished
mahogany
.
From
French
β
bureau
β
meaning
a
desk
or
office
;
in
British
English
the
term
kept
its
original
furniture
sense
into
modern
times
.
menu
noun
a
list
of
the
dishes
and
drinks
that
a
restaurant
,
cafΓ©
,
or
similar
place
offers
,
usually
with
prices
β’
The
waiter
handed
Sarah
a
menu
before
taking
her
drink
order
.
The
waiter
handed
Sarah
a
menu
before
taking
her
drink
order
.
β’
The
children
β
s
eyes
lit
up
when
they
saw
pizza
listed
on
the
menu
.
The
children
β
s
eyes
lit
up
when
they
saw
pizza
listed
on
the
menu
.
noun
a
list
of
commands
or
options
displayed
by
a
computer
program
or
device
that
you
can
choose
from
β’
Click
the
'File'
menu
to
save
your
document
.
Click
the
'File'
menu
to
save
your
document
.
β’
A
drop-down
menu
appeared
when
she
right-clicked
the
picture
.
A
drop-down
menu
appeared
when
she
right-clicked
the
picture
.
noun
a
selection
of
dishes
offered
together
as
a
meal
for
a
fixed
price
β’
The
restaurant
offers
a
three-course
menu
for
twenty
dollars
.
The
restaurant
offers
a
three-course
menu
for
twenty
dollars
.
β’
We
chose
the
vegetarian
menu
at
the
wedding
banquet
.
We
chose
the
vegetarian
menu
at
the
wedding
banquet
.
curious
adjective
wanting
to
learn
or
know
about
something
β’
The
curious
boy
kept
asking
questions
about
how
the
clock
worked
.
The
curious
boy
kept
asking
questions
about
how
the
clock
worked
.
β’
I
β
m
curious
to
see
what
the
new
restaurant
looks
like
inside
.
I
β
m
curious
to
see
what
the
new
restaurant
looks
like
inside
.
From
Latin
curiosus
β
eager
for
knowledge
,
careful
,
inquisitive
.β
adjective
strange
,
unusual
,
or
unexpected
β’
There
was
a
curious
smell
coming
from
the
basement
.
There
was
a
curious
smell
coming
from
the
basement
.
β’
It
β
s
curious
that
he
left
without
saying
goodbye
.
It
β
s
curious
that
he
left
without
saying
goodbye
.
Sense
of
β
strange
β
dates
from
late
Middle
English
,
developing
from
the
earlier
meaning
β
careful
,
precise
.β
adjective
made
with
great
care
and
detail
;
finely
crafted
(
archaic/literary
)
β’
The
museum
displayed
a
sword
of
curious
workmanship
.
The
museum
displayed
a
sword
of
curious
workmanship
.
β’
He
penned
the
letter
in
a
curious
script
seldom
seen
today
.
He
penned
the
letter
in
a
curious
script
seldom
seen
today
.
This
older
sense
comes
from
Latin
curiosus
β
careful
,β
preserved
in
early
modern
English
descriptions
of
finely
wrought
objects
.
versus
preposition
used
to
show
that
two
people
,
teams
,
or
sides
are
against
each
other
in
a
game
,
competition
,
or
legal
case
β’
Tonight's
basketball
game
is
versus
the
rival
high
school
.
Tonight's
basketball
game
is
versus
the
rival
high
school
.
β’
The
heavyweight
champion
will
fight
versus
an
undefeated
challenger
.
The
heavyweight
champion
will
fight
versus
an
undefeated
challenger
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
"
versus
"
meaning
"
turned
toward
,
against
".
preposition
used
to
show
a
choice
or
contrast
between
two
different
ideas
,
qualities
,
or
amounts
β’
The
survey
examined
quality
versus
price
when
people
bought
a
laptop
.
The
survey
examined
quality
versus
price
when
people
bought
a
laptop
.
β’
Parents
often
balance
work
versus
family
time
.
Parents
often
balance
work
versus
family
time
.
Same
origin
as
the
competitive
sense
,
from
Latin
"
versus
"
meaning
"
turned
toward
";
later
extended
to
contrasts
in
English
writing
.
musician
noun
a
person
who
plays
or
writes
music
,
especially
as
a
job
β’
The
street
musician
attracted
a
crowd
with
her
lively
violin
playing
.
The
street
musician
attracted
a
crowd
with
her
lively
violin
playing
.
β’
After
years
of
practice
,
Leo
became
a
professional
musician
in
a
jazz
band
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Leo
became
a
professional
musician
in
a
jazz
band
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
musicien
,
from
musique
meaning
β
music
β.
custom
noun
a
habitual
practice
or
traditional
way
of
behaving
within
a
particular
society
,
group
,
or
family
β’
In
many
countries
,
it
is
a
custom
to
shake
hands
when
meeting
someone
.
In
many
countries
,
it
is
a
custom
to
shake
hands
when
meeting
someone
.
β’
Removing
your
shoes
before
entering
a
house
is
a
common
custom
in
Japan
.
Removing
your
shoes
before
entering
a
house
is
a
common
custom
in
Japan
.
From
Latin
consuetudinem
(
habit
,
usage
),
via
Old
French
costume
.
noun
regular
business
or
patronage
that
customers
give
to
a
shop
,
service
,
or
company
β’
The
friendly
owner
relies
on
local
custom
to
keep
the
cafΓ©
open
during
winter
.
The
friendly
owner
relies
on
local
custom
to
keep
the
cafΓ©
open
during
winter
.
β’
Tourists
bring
valuable
custom
to
the
seaside
market
each
summer
.
Tourists
bring
valuable
custom
to
the
seaside
market
each
summer
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
habitual
practice
to
the
habitual
buying
behavior
of
customers
.
adjective
made
or
done
especially
for
a
particular
person
,
purpose
,
or
order
;
tailored
β’
He
ordered
a
custom
suit
for
the
wedding
.
He
ordered
a
custom
suit
for
the
wedding
.
β’
They
built
a
custom
computer
with
advanced
cooling
.
They
built
a
custom
computer
with
advanced
cooling
.
Adjectival
use
developed
from
the
noun
sense
of
something
ordered
according
to
a
customer's
wishes
.
customs
noun
the
taxes
paid
on
goods
brought
into
a
country
and
the
government
officials
who
collect
them
at
borders
and
airports
β’
We
declared
the
souvenirs
at
customs
and
paid
a
small
fee
.
We
declared
the
souvenirs
at
customs
and
paid
a
small
fee
.
β’
The
queue
for
customs
moved
quickly
this
morning
.
The
queue
for
customs
moved
quickly
this
morning
.
Originally
plural
of
β
custom
β
meaning
a
tax
payable
to
the
Crown
on
imported
goods
.
scandal
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
a
shocking
action
or
event
that
breaks
laws
or
moral
rules
and
angers
many
people
when
it
becomes
known
β’
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
β’
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
from
Latin
scandalum
β
cause
for
offense
β,
through
Old
French
escandle
,
Middle
English
skandal
;
originally
meaning
a
trap
or
stumbling
block
to
faith
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
talk
or
gossip
about
shocking
wrongdoing
,
especially
rumors
that
spread
quickly
β’
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
β’
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
β
s
unexpected
divorce
.
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
β
s
unexpected
divorce
.
same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
also
came
to
mean
the
talk
about
disgraceful
acts
grace
noun
-
grace
,
gracing
,
graces
,
graced
polite
and
considerate
behaviour
,
especially
towards
other
people
β’
The
host
treated
every
guest
with
remarkable
grace
.
The
host
treated
every
guest
with
remarkable
grace
.
β’
She
had
the
grace
to
apologize
for
being
late
.
She
had
the
grace
to
apologize
for
being
late
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
meaning
shifted
to
manners
in
Middle
English
.
noun
-
grace
,
gracing
,
graces
,
graced
the
free
and
loving
help
or
favor
believed
to
be
given
by
God
β’
Many
believers
see
forgiveness
as
an
act
of
divine
grace
.
Many
believers
see
forgiveness
as
an
act
of
divine
grace
.
β’
By
the
grace
of
God
,
the
sailors
survived
the
storm
.
By
the
grace
of
God
,
the
sailors
survived
the
storm
.
From
Latin
gratia
β
divine
favor
,
goodwill
,β
entering
English
via
Old
French
.
pause
noun
a
short
stop
or
break
in
speech
,
action
,
or
movement
β’
After
a
long
speech
,
the
speaker
took
a
brief
pause
to
drink
water
.
After
a
long
speech
,
the
speaker
took
a
brief
pause
to
drink
water
.
β’
There
was
an
awkward
pause
when
no
one
knew
what
to
say
.
There
was
an
awkward
pause
when
no
one
knew
what
to
say
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
pausa
β
halt
,
stop
.β
verb
-
pause
,
pausing
,
pauses
,
paused
to
stop
an
action
or
speech
for
a
short
time
before
continuing
β’
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
β’
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
From
the
noun
pause
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
16th
century
.
confuse
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
make
a
person
unable
to
think
clearly
or
understand
something
β’
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
β’
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
From
Latin
β
confΕ«sus
β,
past
participle
of
β
confundere
β
meaning
β
to
pour
together
,
mingle
,
confuse
β.
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
mistake
one
person
or
thing
for
another
;
mix
up
in
your
mind
β’
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
β’
Some
students
confuse
β
affect
β
and
β
effect
β
in
their
essays
.
Some
students
confuse
β
affect
β
and
β
effect
β
in
their
essays
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
Latin
β
confundere
β, β
to
pour
together
β.
miracle
noun
something
,
such
as
a
product
or
person
,
that
produces
exceptionally
good
or
fast
results
β’
This
new
stain
remover
is
a
miracle
for
dirty
clothes
.
This
new
stain
remover
is
a
miracle
for
dirty
clothes
.
β’
The
tech
guru
is
considered
a
miracle
in
the
smartphone
industry
.
The
tech
guru
is
considered
a
miracle
in
the
smartphone
industry
.
noun
an
extraordinary
and
welcome
event
believed
to
be
caused
by
divine
power
and
impossible
to
explain
by
normal
laws
of
nature
β’
The
village
church
declared
that
the
sudden
healing
of
the
boy
was
a
miracle
.
The
village
church
declared
that
the
sudden
healing
of
the
boy
was
a
miracle
.
β’
Witnesses
believed
it
a
miracle
when
the
floodwaters
stopped
just
inches
from
the
town
β
s
last
dry
house
.
Witnesses
believed
it
a
miracle
when
the
floodwaters
stopped
just
inches
from
the
town
β
s
last
dry
house
.
From
Old
French
miracle
,
from
Latin
miraculum
meaning
β
object
of
wonder
,β
from
mirari
β
to
wonder
at
.β
noun
a
very
unlikely
but
successful
or
fortunate
result
that
seems
almost
impossible
β’
It
was
a
miracle
they
found
the
lost
hikers
before
nightfall
.
It
was
a
miracle
they
found
the
lost
hikers
before
nightfall
.
β’
After
months
of
delays
,
finishing
the
bridge
on
schedule
felt
like
a
miracle
.
After
months
of
delays
,
finishing
the
bridge
on
schedule
felt
like
a
miracle
.
tremendous
adjective
extremely
large
,
powerful
,
or
intense
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
.
β’
The
company
made
a
tremendous
profit
last
year
.
The
company
made
a
tremendous
profit
last
year
.
β’
The
earthquake
caused
tremendous
damage
to
the
city
.
The
earthquake
caused
tremendous
damage
to
the
city
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
tremendus
β
to
be
trembled
at
β,
from
tremere
β
to
tremble
β.
adjective
excellent
,
very
good
,
or
extremely
enjoyable
.
β’
You
did
a
tremendous
job
on
your
presentation
.
You
did
a
tremendous
job
on
your
presentation
.
β’
We
had
a
tremendous
time
at
the
festival
.
We
had
a
tremendous
time
at
the
festival
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
tremendus
β
to
be
trembled
at
β,
shifting
over
time
to
mean
β
remarkably
great
β
or
β
excellent
β.
adjustment
noun
a
small
change
made
to
something
so
it
works
or
fits
better
β’
After
tightening
the
screws
,
the
technician
made
a
final
adjustment
to
the
camera
lens
so
the
picture
was
perfectly
sharp
.
After
tightening
the
screws
,
the
technician
made
a
final
adjustment
to
the
camera
lens
so
the
picture
was
perfectly
sharp
.
β’
The
bicycle
seat
felt
too
low
,
so
Emma
stopped
and
did
a
quick
adjustment
by
the
roadside
.
The
bicycle
seat
felt
too
low
,
so
Emma
stopped
and
did
a
quick
adjustment
by
the
roadside
.
noun
the
process
of
becoming
familiar
with
a
new
situation
and
learning
to
deal
with
it
β’
Moving
to
the
city
was
a
big
adjustment
for
Liam
after
years
of
living
on
a
farm
.
Moving
to
the
city
was
a
big
adjustment
for
Liam
after
years
of
living
on
a
farm
.
β’
It
took
only
a
short
adjustment
period
before
the
puppy
felt
at
home
with
its
new
family
.
It
took
only
a
short
adjustment
period
before
the
puppy
felt
at
home
with
its
new
family
.
noun
a
change
made
in
a
financial
record
to
show
the
correct
amount
β’
The
accountant
recorded
an
adjustment
to
correct
the
previous
month's
sales
figures
.
The
accountant
recorded
an
adjustment
to
correct
the
previous
month's
sales
figures
.
β’
After
auditing
the
books
,
they
discovered
several
small
adjustments
were
needed
.
After
auditing
the
books
,
they
discovered
several
small
adjustments
were
needed
.
genius
noun
-
genius
,
geniuses
a
person
with
very
great
intelligence
or
creative
ability
β’
Albert
Einstein
is
widely
regarded
as
a
genius
in
physics
.
Albert
Einstein
is
widely
regarded
as
a
genius
in
physics
.
β’
Everyone
agreed
that
the
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
real
genius
.
Everyone
agreed
that
the
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
real
genius
.
from
Latin
genius
β
guardian
spirit
,
innate
ability
β,
later
β
extraordinary
talent
β
noun
-
genius
,
geniuses
exceptional
natural
ability
or
creative
power
β’
His
genius
for
storytelling
kept
the
children
captivated
.
His
genius
for
storytelling
kept
the
children
captivated
.
β’
The
architect
showed
her
genius
in
the
building
β
s
elegant
curves
.
The
architect
showed
her
genius
in
the
building
β
s
elegant
curves
.
adjective
very
clever
,
original
,
or
excellent
β’
That
was
a
genius
idea
β
let
β
s
do
it
!
That
was
a
genius
idea
β
let
β
s
do
it
!
β’
Her
plan
to
save
water
is
simply
genius
.
Her
plan
to
save
water
is
simply
genius
.
noun
-
genius
,
geniuses
the
distinctive
spirit
,
mood
,
or
character
of
a
place
,
time
,
or
institution
β’
The
cafΓ©
captured
the
creative
genius
of
1920s
Paris
.
The
cafΓ©
captured
the
creative
genius
of
1920s
Paris
.
β’
The
park
β
s
design
preserves
the
natural
genius
of
the
landscape
.
The
park
β
s
design
preserves
the
natural
genius
of
the
landscape
.
sustain
verb
to
keep
something
going
or
continue
it
for
a
period
of
time
β’
The
small
fire
was
enough
to
sustain
warmth
in
the
cabin
through
the
night
.
The
small
fire
was
enough
to
sustain
warmth
in
the
cabin
through
the
night
.
β’
His
curiosity
sustains
his
passion
for
science
experiments
.
His
curiosity
sustains
his
passion
for
science
experiments
.
From
Old
French
sustenir
,
from
Latin
sustinere
β
hold
up
,
keep
in
being
,β
from
sub
β
from
below
β
+
tenere
β
to
hold
.β
verb
to
experience
something
bad
,
especially
an
injury
,
damage
,
or
loss
β’
The
cyclist
sustained
a
broken
arm
after
slipping
on
the
wet
road
.
The
cyclist
sustained
a
broken
arm
after
slipping
on
the
wet
road
.
β’
Several
buildings
sustained
damage
during
the
storm
.
Several
buildings
sustained
damage
during
the
storm
.
verb
to
hold
something
up
and
prevent
it
from
falling
β’
The
bridge
pillars
sustain
the
weight
of
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
The
bridge
pillars
sustain
the
weight
of
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
β’
This
flimsy
shelf
cannot
sustain
so
many
books
.
This
flimsy
shelf
cannot
sustain
so
many
books
.
noun
the
part
of
a
musical
note
or
sound
that
is
held
at
a
constant
level
after
it
starts
β’
The
guitarist
loved
the
long
sustain
of
his
new
electric
guitar
.
The
guitarist
loved
the
long
sustain
of
his
new
electric
guitar
.
β’
Turning
up
the
pedal
increased
the
piano
β
s
sustain
.
Turning
up
the
pedal
increased
the
piano
β
s
sustain
.
verb
in
a
court
,
for
a
judge
to
agree
that
a
lawyer
β
s
objection
is
valid
β’
When
the
defense
objected
,
the
judge
said
, "
Objection
sustained
."
When
the
defense
objected
,
the
judge
said
, "
Objection
sustained
."
β’
The
prosecutor
β
s
question
was
not
allowed
after
the
judge
sustained
the
objection
.
The
prosecutor
β
s
question
was
not
allowed
after
the
judge
sustained
the
objection
.
consciousness
noun
-
consciousness
,
consciousnesses
the
state
of
being
awake
and
able
to
see
,
hear
,
feel
,
and
think
β’
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
slowly
regained
consciousness
on
the
hospital
bed
.
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
slowly
regained
consciousness
on
the
hospital
bed
.
β’
The
boxer
lost
consciousness
briefly
after
the
powerful
punch
.
The
boxer
lost
consciousness
briefly
after
the
powerful
punch
.
brush
noun
-
brush
,
brushes
a
tool
with
a
handle
and
many
bristles
used
for
cleaning
,
painting
,
or
arranging
hair
β’
Maria
picked
up
a
brush
and
started
painting
the
sunset
on
the
canvas
.
Maria
picked
up
a
brush
and
started
painting
the
sunset
on
the
canvas
.
β’
Before
school
,
Jason
always
runs
a
brush
through
his
hair
to
tidy
it
.
Before
school
,
Jason
always
runs
a
brush
through
his
hair
to
tidy
it
.
From
Old
French
β
broce
β
meaning
β
brushwood
,
small
branches
,β
later
applied
to
the
cleaning
tool
because
early
brushes
were
made
of
twigs
.
verb
-
brush
,
brushing
,
brushes
,
brushed
to
move
a
brush
over
something
to
clean
it
,
apply
paint
,
or
make
it
tidy
β’
Please
brush
your
teeth
after
every
meal
.
Please
brush
your
teeth
after
every
meal
.
β’
The
artist
carefully
brushed
blue
paint
onto
the
sky
of
his
landscape
.
The
artist
carefully
brushed
blue
paint
onto
the
sky
of
his
landscape
.
verb
-
brush
,
brushing
,
brushes
,
brushed
to
touch
something
or
someone
very
lightly
while
passing
β’
A
butterfly
brushed
my
arm
as
it
flew
by
.
A
butterfly
brushed
my
arm
as
it
flew
by
.
β’
The
cat
brushes
against
my
leg
when
it
wants
food
.
The
cat
brushes
against
my
leg
when
it
wants
food
.
noun
-
brush
,
brushes
a
short
or
slight
encounter
or
experience
with
something
,
often
unpleasant
or
dangerous
β’
He
had
a
brush
with
the
law
when
he
was
a
teenager
.
He
had
a
brush
with
the
law
when
he
was
a
teenager
.
β’
The
climbers
had
a
close
brush
with
death
when
a
rock
fell
past
them
.
The
climbers
had
a
close
brush
with
death
when
a
rock
fell
past
them
.
noun
-
brush
land
covered
with
rough
,
dense
bushes
and
small
trees
β’
The
hikers
got
lost
in
the
thick
brush
before
finding
the
trail
again
.
The
hikers
got
lost
in
the
thick
brush
before
finding
the
trail
again
.
β’
Firefighters
cleared
the
dry
brush
to
stop
the
wildfire
from
spreading
.
Firefighters
cleared
the
dry
brush
to
stop
the
wildfire
from
spreading
.
consensus
noun
-
consensus
,
consensuses
general
agreement
among
most
or
all
people
in
a
group
about
something
β’
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
committee
finally
reached
a
consensus
on
the
budget
.
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
committee
finally
reached
a
consensus
on
the
budget
.
β’
There
is
a
broad
scientific
consensus
that
climate
change
is
real
.
There
is
a
broad
scientific
consensus
that
climate
change
is
real
.
Mid-19th
century
Latin
,
from
concilium
β
agreement
β
via
consensus
β
agreement
,
accord
β.
cluster
noun
a
group
of
similar
things
or
people
positioned
very
close
to
one
another
β’
A
small
cluster
of
yellow
flowers
brightened
the
edge
of
the
path
.
A
small
cluster
of
yellow
flowers
brightened
the
edge
of
the
path
.
β’
Reporters
formed
a
cluster
around
the
actor
as
he
left
the
theater
.
Reporters
formed
a
cluster
around
the
actor
as
he
left
the
theater
.
Old
English
β
clyster
,
cluster
β
meaning
a
bunch
of
grapes
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*klustraz
,
related
to
β
clot
β (
lump
).
noun
a
group
of
stars
that
are
close
together
in
space
and
held
by
gravity
β’
Through
the
telescope
,
we
could
see
the
Pleiades
cluster
sparkling
in
the
night
sky
.
Through
the
telescope
,
we
could
see
the
Pleiades
cluster
sparkling
in
the
night
sky
.
β’
Astronomers
believe
the
star
cluster
is
about
100
million
years
old
.
Astronomers
believe
the
star
cluster
is
about
100
million
years
old
.
verb
-
cluster
,
clustering
,
clusters
,
clustered
to
come
together
or
gather
in
a
small
,
close
group
β’
The
students
clustered
around
the
noticeboard
to
check
their
exam
results
.
The
students
clustered
around
the
noticeboard
to
check
their
exam
results
.
β’
Bees
cluster
on
the
hive
entrance
during
the
summer
heat
.
Bees
cluster
on
the
hive
entrance
during
the
summer
heat
.
noun
a
set
of
computers
or
servers
connected
so
they
can
work
together
as
a
single
system
β’
The
company
built
a
powerful
server
cluster
to
handle
online
traffic
.
The
company
built
a
powerful
server
cluster
to
handle
online
traffic
.
β’
Our
data
is
stored
on
a
cluster
spread
across
three
data
centers
.
Our
data
is
stored
on
a
cluster
spread
across
three
data
centers
.
confusion
noun
a
feeling
of
not
understanding
something
and
being
unable
to
think
clearly
β’
Maya
stared
at
the
complicated
subway
map
in
confusion
.
Maya
stared
at
the
complicated
subway
map
in
confusion
.
β’
After
his
nap
,
Tom
blinked
in
confusion
when
he
realized
the
sun
had
already
set
.
After
his
nap
,
Tom
blinked
in
confusion
when
he
realized
the
sun
had
already
set
.
noun
a
state
of
disorder
where
things
are
not
arranged
or
controlled
properly
β’
Papers
,
coffee
cups
,
and
cables
lay
everywhere
;
the
office
was
a
scene
of
complete
confusion
.
Papers
,
coffee
cups
,
and
cables
lay
everywhere
;
the
office
was
a
scene
of
complete
confusion
.
β’
When
the
storm
knocked
out
the
traffic
lights
,
the
intersection
fell
into
confusion
.
When
the
storm
knocked
out
the
traffic
lights
,
the
intersection
fell
into
confusion
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
one
thing
is
mistaken
for
another
,
or
the
mistake
itself
β’
There
was
some
confusion
between
the
identical
twins
at
the
registration
desk
.
There
was
some
confusion
between
the
identical
twins
at
the
registration
desk
.
β’
The
similar
drug
names
caused
confusion
about
which
prescription
belonged
to
which
patient
.
The
similar
drug
names
caused
confusion
about
which
prescription
belonged
to
which
patient
.
frustration
noun
-
frustration
a
feeling
of
anger
,
disappointment
,
or
worry
because
you
cannot
do
or
achieve
something
β’
After
trying
to
open
the
stuck
jar
for
ten
minutes
,
Leo
groaned
in
frustration
.
After
trying
to
open
the
stuck
jar
for
ten
minutes
,
Leo
groaned
in
frustration
.
β’
Sofia
slammed
her
laptop
shut
in
sheer
frustration
when
the
internet
dropped
during
her
video
call
.
Sofia
slammed
her
laptop
shut
in
sheer
frustration
when
the
internet
dropped
during
her
video
call
.
From
Latin
frustratio
β
disappointment
,
deceit
β,
from
frustra
β
in
vain
,
for
nothing
β.
noun
something
that
makes
you
feel
annoyed
because
it
stops
you
from
succeeding
or
feeling
satisfied
β’
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
cafΓ©
.
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
cafΓ©
.
β’
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
noun
-
frustration
the
act
of
preventing
a
plan
,
effort
,
or
desire
from
being
achieved
β’
The
sudden
storm
resulted
in
the
frustration
of
their
rescue
mission
.
The
sudden
storm
resulted
in
the
frustration
of
their
rescue
mission
.
β’
The
walls
were
built
for
the
complete
frustration
of
any
attack
.
The
walls
were
built
for
the
complete
frustration
of
any
attack
.
ours
pronoun
belonging
to
us
;
used
instead
of
β
our
β
+
noun
to
show
that
something
is
owned
or
connected
with
the
speaker
and
at
least
one
other
person
β’
The
red
bicycle
leaning
against
the
fence
is
ours
,
not
the
neighbor
β
s
.
The
red
bicycle
leaning
against
the
fence
is
ours
,
not
the
neighbor
β
s
.
β’
During
the
science
fair
,
a
male
student
smiled
and
whispered
, "
This
award-winning
model
is
ours
!"
During
the
science
fair
,
a
male
student
smiled
and
whispered
, "
This
award-winning
model
is
ours
!"
from
Middle
English
"
oures
",
coming
from
Old
English
"
Ε«re
" (
our
)
+
genitive
plural
ending
βs
,
following
the
pattern
of
β
yours
,β β
hers
,β
etc
.
exclusive
adjective
limited
to
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
area
and
not
shared
with
others
.
β’
The
country
club
is
exclusive
and
only
members
can
enter
.
The
country
club
is
exclusive
and
only
members
can
enter
.
β’
Tickets
to
the
concert
included
exclusive
backstage
access
for
VIPs
.
Tickets
to
the
concert
included
exclusive
backstage
access
for
VIPs
.
From
Latin
exclusivus
,
from
excludere
β
to
shut
out
β.
adjective
fashionable
and
expensive
,
aimed
at
wealthy
or
high-status
people
.
β’
She
prefers
shopping
at
exclusive
boutiques
rather
than
big
malls
.
She
prefers
shopping
at
exclusive
boutiques
rather
than
big
malls
.
β’
The
gala
was
held
at
an
exclusive
five-star
hotel
downtown
.
The
gala
was
held
at
an
exclusive
five-star
hotel
downtown
.
noun
a
news
story
,
interview
,
or
piece
of
information
published
or
broadcast
by
only
one
source
before
others
.
β’
The
newspaper
ran
an
exclusive
on
the
royal
wedding
.
The
newspaper
ran
an
exclusive
on
the
royal
wedding
.
β’
They
paid
a
high
price
for
the
video
exclusive
.
They
paid
a
high
price
for
the
video
exclusive
.
adjective
unable
to
exist
or
be
true
at
the
same
time
as
something
else
;
incompatible
.
β’
In
logic
,
the
two
statements
are
mutually exclusive
.
In
logic
,
the
two
statements
are
mutually exclusive
.
β’
Working
full-time
and
traveling
constantly
are
often
exclusive
goals
.
Working
full-time
and
traveling
constantly
are
often
exclusive
goals
.
adjective
(
of
news
or
information
)
given
to
or
obtained
by
only
one
newspaper
,
magazine
,
or
broadcaster
.
β’
The
reporter
scored
an
exclusive
interview
with
the
actor
.
The
reporter
scored
an
exclusive
interview
with
the
actor
.
β’
Our
channel
will
air
exclusive
footage
from
the
summit
tonight
.
Our
channel
will
air
exclusive
footage
from
the
summit
tonight
.
illustration
noun
a
picture
,
drawing
,
or
diagram
used
to
decorate
or
explain
something
written
β’
The
children's
book
is
full
of
colorful
illustrations
that
bring
the
story
to
life
.
The
children's
book
is
full
of
colorful
illustrations
that
bring
the
story
to
life
.
β’
A
detailed
illustration
shows
exactly
how
the
engine
is
assembled
.
A
detailed
illustration
shows
exactly
how
the
engine
is
assembled
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
illustratio
(
n-
) β
explanation
,
enlightening
β,
from
illustrare
β
light
up
β
noun
something
that
serves
as
an
example
to
make
an
idea
,
rule
,
or
process
easier
to
understand
β’
As
an
illustration
of
teamwork
,
the
coach
told
the
story
of
ants
building
a
bridge
.
As
an
illustration
of
teamwork
,
the
coach
told
the
story
of
ants
building
a
bridge
.
β’
The
chart
provides
a
clear
illustration
of
the
rising
costs
.
The
chart
provides
a
clear
illustration
of
the
rising
costs
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
later
extended
to
mean
"
exemplification
"
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
the
art
or
process
of
creating
pictures
to
accompany
or
explain
text
β’
She
studied
illustration
at
art
school
.
She
studied
illustration
at
art
school
.
β’
Digital
illustration
is
becoming
more
popular
among
magazine
artists
.
Digital
illustration
is
becoming
more
popular
among
magazine
artists
.
Sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
as
printing
technologies
advanced
,
highlighting
the
craft
of
creating
artwork
for
reproduction
.
precious
adjective
very
valuable
or
important
and
not
to
be
wasted
,
lost
,
or
harmed
β’
The
museum
keeps
the
precious
painting
behind
glass
to
protect
it
.
The
museum
keeps
the
precious
painting
behind
glass
to
protect
it
.
β’
Water
is
precious
in
the
desert
,
so
every
drop
counts
.
Water
is
precious
in
the
desert
,
so
every
drop
counts
.
From
Middle
English
preciouse
,
via
Old
French
precios
,
from
Latin
pretiosus
β
of
great
value
β,
from
pretium
β
price
β.
adjective
dear
and
loved
;
greatly
cherished
by
someone
β’
The
stuffed
bear
was
his
most
precious
childhood
possession
.
The
stuffed
bear
was
his
most
precious
childhood
possession
.
β’
She
held
her
newborn
baby
close
,
whispering
, "
You
are
so
precious
."
She
held
her
newborn
baby
close
,
whispering
, "
You
are
so
precious
."
adjective
(
informal
,
disapproving
)
behaving
in
an
affectedly
delicate
,
refined
,
or
fussy
way
β’
Stop
being
so
precious
β
it
β
s
just
a
little
mud
on
your
shoes
.
Stop
being
so
precious
β
it
β
s
just
a
little
mud
on
your
shoes
.
β’
I
find
some
gourmet
food
critics
a
bit
too
precious
.
I
find
some
gourmet
food
critics
a
bit
too
precious
.
adverb
used
to
emphasize
how
very
little
or
few
there
is
of
something
,
often
with
β
little
β
or
β
few
β
β’
We
have
precious
little
time
before
the
train
leaves
.
We
have
precious
little
time
before
the
train
leaves
.
β’
There
were
precious
few
seats
left
in
the
theater
.
There
were
precious
few
seats
left
in
the
theater
.
stimulus
noun
-
stimulus
,
stimuli
something
such
as
light
,
sound
,
or
touch
that
causes
a
living
thing
to
react
or
respond
β’
The
bright
lamp
served
as
a
stimulus
that
made
the
infant
blink
.
The
bright
lamp
served
as
a
stimulus
that
made
the
infant
blink
.
β’
A
sudden
clap
of
thunder
can
be
a
strong
stimulus
for
the
startle
reflex
.
A
sudden
clap
of
thunder
can
be
a
strong
stimulus
for
the
startle
reflex
.
noun
-
stimulus
,
stimuli
something
that
encourages
a
process
,
activity
,
or
feeling
to
start
,
grow
,
or
become
more
active
β’
Lower
tax
rates
were
introduced
as
a
stimulus
to
boost
small
businesses
.
Lower
tax
rates
were
introduced
as
a
stimulus
to
boost
small
businesses
.
β’
The
colorful
posters
on
the
wall
provided
a
visual
stimulus
for
lively
classroom
discussion
.
The
colorful
posters
on
the
wall
provided
a
visual
stimulus
for
lively
classroom
discussion
.
bonus
noun
-
bonus
,
bonuses
an
extra
payment
of
money
given
to
someone
,
especially
as
a
reward
for
good
work
β’
At
the
end
of
the
year
,
each
employee
received
a
bonus
for
their
hard
work
.
At
the
end
of
the
year
,
each
employee
received
a
bonus
for
their
hard
work
.
β’
Maria
used
her
holiday
bonus
to
buy
gifts
for
her
family
.
Maria
used
her
holiday
bonus
to
buy
gifts
for
her
family
.
From
Latin
bonus
meaning
β
good
β.
First
used
in
English
in
the
18th
century
to
refer
to
a
dividend
paid
to
shareholders
.
noun
-
bonus
,
bonuses
something
good
that
you
did
not
expect
and
that
makes
a
situation
better
β’
We
missed
the
bus
,
but
the
sunny
weather
was
a
bonus
for
our
walk
home
.
We
missed
the
bus
,
but
the
sunny
weather
was
a
bonus
for
our
walk
home
.
β’
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
free
case
as
a
nice
bonus
.
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
free
case
as
a
nice
bonus
.
adjective
extra
;
added
to
something
else
β’
The
DVD
includes
bonus
footage
of
the
director
β
s
early
sketches
.
The
DVD
includes
bonus
footage
of
the
director
β
s
early
sketches
.
β’
Students
who
finish
early
can
try
the
bonus
question
at
the
end
of
the
test
.
Students
who
finish
early
can
try
the
bonus
question
at
the
end
of
the
test
.
suspend
verb
to
pause
or
stop
something
for
a
short
time
and
plan
to
continue
it
later
β’
Due
to
a
sudden
thunderstorm
,
the
umpire
decided
to
suspend
the
baseball
game
until
the
weather
improved
.
Due
to
a
sudden
thunderstorm
,
the
umpire
decided
to
suspend
the
baseball
game
until
the
weather
improved
.
β’
The
city
council
voted
to
suspend
the
new
parking
rules
while
they
gathered
more
feedback
.
The
city
council
voted
to
suspend
the
new
parking
rules
while
they
gathered
more
feedback
.
verb
to
officially
force
someone
to
stop
doing
their
job
,
attending
school
,
or
taking
part
in
an
activity
for
a
limited
time
β’
The
coach
had
to
suspend
the
striker
for
two
matches
because
of
unsportsmanlike
behavior
.
The
coach
had
to
suspend
the
striker
for
two
matches
because
of
unsportsmanlike
behavior
.
β’
After
repeatedly
arriving
late
,
Marisol
was
suspended
from
work
for
three
days
.
After
repeatedly
arriving
late
,
Marisol
was
suspended
from
work
for
three
days
.
verb
to
hang
something
from
above
so
it
is
supported
at
one
point
and
free
below
β’
A
crystal
chandelier
suspended
from
the
high
ceiling
sparkled
in
the
ballroom
.
A
crystal
chandelier
suspended
from
the
high
ceiling
sparkled
in
the
ballroom
.
β’
They
used
a
sturdy
rope
to
suspend
the
sign
over
the
festival
entrance
.
They
used
a
sturdy
rope
to
suspend
the
sign
over
the
festival
entrance
.
verb
to
keep
something
such
as
fine
particles
floating
within
a
liquid
or
gas
β’
Tiny
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
beam
of
sunlight
made
the
attic
glow
.
Tiny
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
beam
of
sunlight
made
the
attic
glow
.
β’
The
chemist
suspended
metal
nanoparticles
in
the
solution
to
create
a
special
ink
.
The
chemist
suspended
metal
nanoparticles
in
the
solution
to
create
a
special
ink
.
spouse
noun
a
husband
or
wife
;
the
person
to
whom
someone
is
married
β’
Emma
arrived
at
the
party
with
her
spouse
,
proudly
introducing
him
to
her
friends
.
Emma
arrived
at
the
party
with
her
spouse
,
proudly
introducing
him
to
her
friends
.
β’
The
company
β
s
new
health
plan
gives
each
employee
and
their
spouse
free
access
to
the
fitness
center
.
The
company
β
s
new
health
plan
gives
each
employee
and
their
spouse
free
access
to
the
fitness
center
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
espous
,
from
Latin
sponsus
β
bridegroom
,
betrothed
person
β.
verb
-
spouse
,
spousing
,
spouses
,
spoused
(
formal
or
archaic
)
to
marry
;
to
take
someone
as
one
β
s
husband
or
wife
β’
In
the
ancient
legend
,
the
warrior
vowed
to
spouse
the
princess
once
peace
returned
.
In
the
ancient
legend
,
the
warrior
vowed
to
spouse
the
princess
once
peace
returned
.
β’
The
noblewoman
refused
to
spouse
a
man
she
did
not
love
.
The
noblewoman
refused
to
spouse
a
man
she
did
not
love
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Latin
sponsare
β
to
pledge
,
promise
to
marry
β.
simultaneously
adverb
at
exactly
the
same
time
;
occurring
together
β’
The
two
runners
crossed
the
finish
line
simultaneously
.
The
two
runners
crossed
the
finish
line
simultaneously
.
β’
Maria
can
listen
to
music
and
study
simultaneously
when
the
library
is
busy
.
Maria
can
listen
to
music
and
study
simultaneously
when
the
library
is
busy
.
From
simultaneous
+β
-ly
,
dating
to
the
mid-17th
century
.
sustainable
adjective
able
to
continue
for
a
long
time
without
using
up
resources
or
causing
serious
harm
,
especially
to
the
environment
β’
The
city
is
investing
in
sustainable
energy
like
wind
and
solar
power
.
The
city
is
investing
in
sustainable
energy
like
wind
and
solar
power
.
β’
Farmers
are
learning
sustainable
ways
to
use
water
so
their
wells
never
run
dry
.
Farmers
are
learning
sustainable
ways
to
use
water
so
their
wells
never
run
dry
.
From
sustain
+β
-able
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-20th
century
in
the
context
of
environmental
discussions
.
adjective
able
to
be
continued
,
supported
,
or
defended
without
breaking
down
or
failing
β’
The
manager
knew
the
current
workload
was
not
sustainable
and
hired
two
more
people
.
The
manager
knew
the
current
workload
was
not
sustainable
and
hired
two
more
people
.
β’
Their
plan
is
only
sustainable
if
sales
double
in
the
next
year
.
Their
plan
is
only
sustainable
if
sales
double
in
the
next
year
.
Use
evolved
from
the
general
sense
of
"
support
"
or
"
uphold
"
dating
back
to
the
14th-century
Old
French
β
sustain
β
and
Latin
β
sustinere
β.
generous
adjective
willing
to
give
money
,
help
,
or
time
to
others
,
often
more
than
is
usual
or
expected
β’
Mrs
.
Lee
is
always
generous
with
cookies
for
the
neighborhood
kids
.
Mrs
.
Lee
is
always
generous
with
cookies
for
the
neighborhood
kids
.
β’
After
winning
the
lottery
,
he
made
a
generous
donation
to
the
local
animal
shelter
.
After
winning
the
lottery
,
he
made
a
generous
donation
to
the
local
animal
shelter
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
"
generosus
"
meaning
"
noble
,
of
good
birth
,"
later
"
magnanimous
,
giving
."
adjective
larger
or
more
plentiful
than
is
necessary
or
expected
β’
The
waiter
poured
a
generous
glass
of
lemonade
that
nearly
filled
the
jar
.
The
waiter
poured
a
generous
glass
of
lemonade
that
nearly
filled
the
jar
.
β’
She
spread
a
generous
layer
of
butter
on
the
warm
toast
.
She
spread
a
generous
layer
of
butter
on
the
warm
toast
.
adjective
showing
kindness
,
understanding
,
or
fairness
toward
others
β’
She
wrote
a
generous
review
that
highlighted
the
young
author
β
s
potential
.
She
wrote
a
generous
review
that
highlighted
the
young
author
β
s
potential
.
β’
Despite
the
error
,
the
coach
gave
a
generous
interpretation
of
the
player
β
s
actions
.
Despite
the
error
,
the
coach
gave
a
generous
interpretation
of
the
player
β
s
actions
.
custody
noun
-
custody
the
legal
right
or
duty
to
look
after
and
make
decisions
for
a
person
or
valuable
thing
;
protective
care
β’
After
the
divorce
,
Maria
won
sole
custody
of
her
two
children
.
After
the
divorce
,
Maria
won
sole
custody
of
her
two
children
.
β’
The
museum
keeps
the
ancient
vase
in
its
custody
for
safekeeping
.
The
museum
keeps
the
ancient
vase
in
its
custody
for
safekeeping
.
From
Middle
English
custodie
,
from
Latin
custodia
β
guard
,
protection
,
watch
.β
noun
-
custody
the
state
of
being
kept
under
arrest
or
held
by
the
police
or
other
authorities
β’
The
suspect
was
taken
into
police
custody
shortly
after
the
robbery
.
The
suspect
was
taken
into
police
custody
shortly
after
the
robbery
.
β’
Reporters
waited
outside
while
the
politician
remained
in
custody
overnight
.
Reporters
waited
outside
while
the
politician
remained
in
custody
overnight
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
extended
in
legal
usage
to
mean
state
control
rather
than
protective
care
.
conscious
adjective
awake
and
able
to
think
,
see
,
hear
,
and
feel
;
not
unconscious
or
asleep
β’
After
the
surgery
,
the
patient
became
conscious
and
asked
for
water
.
After
the
surgery
,
the
patient
became
conscious
and
asked
for
water
.
β’
The
driver
was
barely
conscious
after
the
accident
,
but
he
could
still
answer
the
paramedic
β
s
questions
.
The
driver
was
barely
conscious
after
the
accident
,
but
he
could
still
answer
the
paramedic
β
s
questions
.
adjective
aware
of
something
;
noticing
or
realizing
that
something
exists
or
is
happening
β’
I
was
not
conscious
of
the
time
and
missed
the
last
bus
.
I
was
not
conscious
of
the
time
and
missed
the
last
bus
.
β’
She
suddenly
became
conscious
of
someone
following
her
in
the
silent
hallway
.
She
suddenly
became
conscious
of
someone
following
her
in
the
silent
hallway
.
adjective
done
deliberately
and
with
careful
thought
,
not
by
accident
β’
It
was
a
conscious
choice
to
live
without
a
car
.
It
was
a
conscious
choice
to
live
without
a
car
.
β’
She
made
a
conscious
effort
to
speak
more
slowly
.
She
made
a
conscious
effort
to
speak
more
slowly
.
continuous
adjective
happening
or
existing
without
stopping
,
break
,
or
interruption
.
β’
The
rain
was
continuous
throughout
the
night
.
The
rain
was
continuous
throughout
the
night
.
β’
They
worked
under
continuous
pressure
to
finish
the
project
.
They
worked
under
continuous
pressure
to
finish
the
project
.
adjective
forming
an
unbroken
whole
without
gaps
or
jumps
,
as
in
a
curve
,
line
,
or
mathematical
function
.
β’
A
circle
is
a
continuous
curve
with
no
sharp
corners
.
A
circle
is
a
continuous
curve
with
no
sharp
corners
.
β’
The
graph
of
y
=
sin
x
is
continuous
along
the
real
line
.
The
graph
of
y
=
sin
x
is
continuous
along
the
real
line
.
noun
-
continuous
the
verb
aspect
that
shows
an
action
or
state
is
in
progress
;
the
progressive
aspect
.
β’
In
the
sentence
β
She
is
running
,β
the
continuous
shows
that
the
action
is
happening
now
.
In
the
sentence
β
She
is
running
,β
the
continuous
shows
that
the
action
is
happening
now
.
β’
Students
often
confuse
the
simple
past
with
the
past
continuous
.
Students
often
confuse
the
simple
past
with
the
past
continuous
.
mysterious
adjective
difficult
to
understand
or
explain
;
full
of
things
that
are
unknown
or
puzzling
β’
A
mysterious
light
appeared
in
the
sky
just
after
midnight
.
A
mysterious
light
appeared
in
the
sky
just
after
midnight
.
β’
The
archaeologists
uncovered
a
mysterious
symbol
carved
deep
into
the
ancient
stone
wall
.
The
archaeologists
uncovered
a
mysterious
symbol
carved
deep
into
the
ancient
stone
wall
.
From
mystery
+
-ous
;
first
recorded
in
the
late
17th
century
,
influenced
by
earlier
French
mystΓ©rieux
.
adjective
(
of
a
person
)
behaving
in
a
secretive
or
intriguing
way
that
makes
others
curious
β’
The
new
neighbor
is
quite
mysterious
and
rarely
talks
to
anyone
.
The
new
neighbor
is
quite
mysterious
and
rarely
talks
to
anyone
.
β’
She
offered
a
mysterious
smile
but
kept
silent
about
her
plans
.
She
offered
a
mysterious
smile
but
kept
silent
about
her
plans
.
delicious
adjective
having
a
very
pleasant
taste
or
smell
β’
The
soup
smells
delicious
;
I
can't
wait
to
try
it
.
The
soup
smells
delicious
;
I
can't
wait
to
try
it
.
β’
Grandma
baked
a
delicious
chocolate
cake
for
my
birthday
.
Grandma
baked
a
delicious
chocolate
cake
for
my
birthday
.
From
Middle
English
delicios
,
from
Old
French
delicieus
,
from
Latin
deliciosus
meaning
β
delightful
β.
adjective
very
pleasant
or
enjoyable
in
a
way
that
is
not
about
food
β’
The
breeze
felt
delicious
against
her
sunburned
skin
.
The
breeze
felt
delicious
against
her
sunburned
skin
.
β’
There
was
a
delicious
irony
in
his
apology
.
There
was
a
delicious
irony
in
his
apology
.
Extended
figurative
use
recorded
since
the
17th
century
,
transferring
the
idea
of
sensory
pleasure
to
emotions
and
experiences
.
bush
noun
-
bush
,
bushes
a
small
woody
plant
with
many
branches
that
grows
close
to
the
ground
and
is
smaller
than
a
tree
β’
We
planted
a
rose
bush
in
the
front
yard
.
We
planted
a
rose
bush
in
the
front
yard
.
β’
A
little
rabbit
darted
out
from
behind
the
bush
and
crossed
the
path
.
A
little
rabbit
darted
out
from
behind
the
bush
and
crossed
the
path
.
Old
English
busc
,
from
Old
Norse
buskr
,
meaning
β
shrub
,
thicket
.β
noun
wild
,
sparsely
inhabited
countryside
far
from
towns
and
farms
,
especially
in
Australia
or
New
Zealand
β’
The
hikers
spent
three
days
trekking
through
the
bush
in
northern
Australia
.
The
hikers
spent
three
days
trekking
through
the
bush
in
northern
Australia
.
β’
Farmers
living
out
in
the
bush
often
drive
hours
to
reach
the
nearest
town
.
Farmers
living
out
in
the
bush
often
drive
hours
to
reach
the
nearest
town
.
Extended
sense
from
β
shrub
β
to
β
uncultivated
land
covered
with
shrubs
,β
adopted
in
colonial
Australia
in
the
18thβ19th
centuries
.
noun
-
bush
,
bushes
a
metal
,
plastic
,
or
rubber
sleeve
inserted
into
a
hole
to
reduce
friction
or
wear
between
moving
parts
;
a
bearing
lining
β’
The
mechanic
replaced
the
worn
bush
to
stop
the
wheel
from
wobbling
.
The
mechanic
replaced
the
worn
bush
to
stop
the
wheel
from
wobbling
.
β’
A
rubber
bush
helps
absorb
vibration
in
the
engine
mount
.
A
rubber
bush
helps
absorb
vibration
in
the
engine
mount
.
19th-century
engineering
shortening
of
β
bushing
,β
itself
from
β
bush
β
meaning
sleeve
or
lining
.
noun
-
bush
,
bushes
slang
:
the
hair
that
grows
around
a
person
β
s
genitals
β’
The
magazine
article
talked
about
different
ways
people
style
their
bush
.
The
magazine
article
talked
about
different
ways
people
style
their
bush
.
β’
He
joked
that
winter
is
coming
,
so
he
might
let
his
bush
grow
.
He
joked
that
winter
is
coming
,
so
he
might
let
his
bush
grow
.
Extended
slang
sense
from
the
idea
of
something
dense
and
bushy
,
first
recorded
in
the
20th
century
.
indigenous
adjective
living
,
growing
,
or
existing
naturally
in
a
particular
place
;
native
to
that
area
β’
Kangaroos
are
indigenous
to
Australia
.
Kangaroos
are
indigenous
to
Australia
.
β’
The
botanist
carefully
recorded
the
indigenous
flowers
she
found
on
the
remote
mountain
.
The
botanist
carefully
recorded
the
indigenous
flowers
she
found
on
the
remote
mountain
.
From
Latin
indigena
β
native
,
sprung
from
the
land
β (
indu
β
in
,
within
β
+
gignere
β
to
beget
β)
plus
the
adjective-forming
suffix
-ous
.
suspicion
noun
-
suspect
,
suspecting
,
suspects
,
suspected
a
feeling
or
thought
that
something
is
probably
true
or
will
happen
,
even
though
you
do
not
yet
have
clear
proof
β’
I
have
a
strong
suspicion
that
the
keys
are
still
in
your
bag
.
I
have
a
strong
suspicion
that
the
keys
are
still
in
your
bag
.
β’
She
couldn't
shake
the
nagging
suspicion
that
she
had
forgotten
to
lock
the
door
.
She
couldn't
shake
the
nagging
suspicion
that
she
had
forgotten
to
lock
the
door
.
Middle
English
suspicion
,
from
Old
French
suspicion
,
from
Latin
suspicio
β
looking
up
at
,
mistrust
.β
noun
-
suspect
,
suspecting
,
suspects
,
suspected
the
doubt
or
belief
that
someone
may
be
guilty
of
wrongdoing
or
dishonest
behavior
β’
The
police
arrested
him
on
suspicion
of
theft
.
The
police
arrested
him
on
suspicion
of
theft
.
β’
After
the
money
disappeared
,
every
employee
fell
under
suspicion
.
After
the
money
disappeared
,
every
employee
fell
under
suspicion
.
noun
-
suspect
,
suspecting
,
suspects
,
suspected
a
very
small
amount
or
slight
trace
of
something
β’
Add
a
suspicion
of
cinnamon
to
the
sauce
for
extra
warmth
.
Add
a
suspicion
of
cinnamon
to
the
sauce
for
extra
warmth
.
β’
There
was
only
a
suspicion
of
a
smile
on
his
face
.
There
was
only
a
suspicion
of
a
smile
on
his
face
.
crush
verb
-
crush
,
crushing
,
crushes
,
crushed
to
press
or
squeeze
something
so
hard
that
it
breaks
,
loses
its
shape
,
or
turns
into
small
pieces
or
powder
β’
She
accidentally
crushed
the
sandwich
at
the
bottom
of
her
backpack
.
She
accidentally
crushed
the
sandwich
at
the
bottom
of
her
backpack
.
β’
The
recycling
machine
crushes
old
cars
into
neat
metal
cubes
.
The
recycling
machine
crushes
old
cars
into
neat
metal
cubes
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
cruiss-
,
stem
of
cruissir
β
to
smash
or
break
β,
probably
of
Germanic
origin
.
noun
-
crush
,
crushes
a
strong
but
usually
short-lived
feeling
of
romantic
attraction
toward
someone
β’
Sophie
had
a
huge
crush
on
her
guitar
teacher
.
Sophie
had
a
huge
crush
on
her
guitar
teacher
.
β’
He
finally
told
his
best
friend
about
his
secret
crush
.
He
finally
told
his
best
friend
about
his
secret
crush
.
Figurative
use
of
the
verb
β
crush
β,
first
recorded
in
late
1800s
,
comparing
intense
feelings
to
being
physically
squeezed
.
verb
-
crush
,
crushing
,
crushes
,
crushed
to
defeat
,
overpower
,
or
end
something
completely
,
especially
an
opponent
or
hope
β’
Our
basketball
team
crushed
the
rivals
92β45
.
Our
basketball
team
crushed
the
rivals
92β45
.
β’
The
rebellion
was
crushed
within
days
by
government
forces
.
The
rebellion
was
crushed
within
days
by
government
forces
.
Extension
of
physical
sense
of
"
crush
"
to
abstract
defeat
,
recorded
since
the
15th
century
.
noun
-
crush
,
crushes
an
extremely
crowded
situation
where
movement
is
difficult
β’
There
was
a
terrible
crush
of
fans
at
the
stadium
gates
.
There
was
a
terrible
crush
of
fans
at
the
stadium
gates
.
β’
We
fought
our
way
through
the
holiday
shopping
crush
at
the
mall
.
We
fought
our
way
through
the
holiday
shopping
crush
at
the
mall
.
From
the
physical
sense
of
being
pressed
together
,
first
applied
to
crowds
in
the
18th
century
.
enthusiasm
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
excitement
and
eager
interest
about
something
β’
The
children
clapped
their
hands
with
enthusiasm
when
the
magician
produced
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
The
children
clapped
their
hands
with
enthusiasm
when
the
magician
produced
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
β’
Maya
spoke
about
climate
change
with
such
enthusiasm
that
the
audience
leaned
forward
to
listen
.
Maya
spoke
about
climate
change
with
such
enthusiasm
that
the
audience
leaned
forward
to
listen
.
Borrowed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
Greek
enthousiasmos
,
meaning
β
possession
by
a
god
,β
from
enthousiazein
β
to
be
inspired
,
be
possessed
,β
from
en-
β
in
β
+
theos
β
god
.β
Over
time
,
the
sense
shifted
from
divine
inspiration
to
general
eager
excitement
.
noun
something
that
someone
is
very
interested
in
and
spends
time
doing
β’
Photography
is
Liam
β
s
latest
enthusiasm
,
and
he
carries
his
camera
everywhere
.
Photography
is
Liam
β
s
latest
enthusiasm
,
and
he
carries
his
camera
everywhere
.
β’
Her
many
enthusiasms
include
pottery
,
hiking
,
and
playing
the
violin
.
Her
many
enthusiasms
include
pottery
,
hiking
,
and
playing
the
violin
.
noun
(
archaic
)
intense
religious
or
prophetic
fervor
believed
to
be
inspired
by
a
deity
β’
Eighteenth-century
critics
feared
that
unchecked
religious
enthusiasm
could
overturn
social
order
.
Eighteenth-century
critics
feared
that
unchecked
religious
enthusiasm
could
overturn
social
order
.
β’
The
prophet
spoke
with
blazing
enthusiasm
,
claiming
his
words
were
divinely
inspired
.
The
prophet
spoke
with
blazing
enthusiasm
,
claiming
his
words
were
divinely
inspired
.
momentum
noun
-
momentum
,
momenta
,
none
The
energy
or
force
that
keeps
an
event
,
idea
,
or
process
developing
or
moving
forward
.
β’
After
the
surprise
victory
,
the
team
gained
enough
momentum
to
win
the
championship
.
After
the
surprise
victory
,
the
team
gained
enough
momentum
to
win
the
championship
.
β’
The
charity
campaign
gathered
momentum
as
more
people
shared
it
online
.
The
charity
campaign
gathered
momentum
as
more
people
shared
it
online
.
Originally
a
scientific
term
,
the
figurative
sense
of
"
momentum
"
was
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
growing
political
or
social
movements
.
noun
-
momentum
,
momenta
,
none
In
physics
,
the
quantity
of
motion
of
a
moving
object
,
equal
to
its
mass
multiplied
by
its
velocity
.
β’
In
space
,
a
satellite
will
keep
its
momentum
unless
acted
upon
by
another
force
.
In
space
,
a
satellite
will
keep
its
momentum
unless
acted
upon
by
another
force
.
β’
The
billiard
ball
lost
momentum
after
striking
the
cushion
and
rolled
to
a
gentle
stop
.
The
billiard
ball
lost
momentum
after
striking
the
cushion
and
rolled
to
a
gentle
stop
.
From
Latin
β
movΔre
β
meaning
β
to
move
,β
through
the
Medieval
Latin
phrase
β
quantitas
motus
β (
quantity
of
motion
),
later
shortened
to
β
momentum
β
in
scientific
English
.
accusation
noun
a
statement
saying
that
someone
has
done
something
wrong
or
illegal
,
often
without
proof
β’
The
journalist
printed
the
accusation
that
the
mayor
had
taken
bribes
.
The
journalist
printed
the
accusation
that
the
mayor
had
taken
bribes
.
β’
He
angrily
denied
the
accusation
of
cheating
during
the
exam
.
He
angrily
denied
the
accusation
of
cheating
during
the
exam
.
From
Old
French
β
accusation
β,
from
Latin
β
accΕ«sΔtiΕ
β
meaning
β
a
charging
with
a
crime
β.
noun
the
act
of
accusing
someone
of
wrongdoing
β’
Constant
accusation
can
destroy
trust
between
friends
.
Constant
accusation
can
destroy
trust
between
friends
.
β’
The
climate
of
fear
and
accusation
spread
through
the
office
.
The
climate
of
fear
and
accusation
spread
through
the
office
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Latin
β
accΕ«sΔre
β
meaning
β
to
call
to
account
β.
clause
noun
a
group
of
words
with
its
own
subject
and
verb
that
forms
part
or
all
of
a
sentence
β’
In
the
sentence
β
When
it
rains
,
we
stay
inside
,β
the
words
β
when
it
rains
β
are
a
clause
.
In
the
sentence
β
When
it
rains
,
we
stay
inside
,β
the
words
β
when
it
rains
β
are
a
clause
.
β’
Every
sentence
must
contain
at
least
one
main
clause
.
Every
sentence
must
contain
at
least
one
main
clause
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
β
clause
β,
from
Medieval
Latin
β
clausa
β β
close
,
ending
,β
from
Latin
β
claudere
β β
to
close
.β
noun
a
specific
section
or
numbered
item
in
a
legal
document
,
contract
,
or
law
β’
The
lease
includes
a
clause
that
bans
pets
in
the
apartment
.
The
lease
includes
a
clause
that
bans
pets
in
the
apartment
.
β’
He
pointed
to
clause
12
of
the
contract
to
prove
his
rights
.
He
pointed
to
clause
12
of
the
contract
to
prove
his
rights
.
Same
origin
as
the
grammatical
sense
:
from
Latin
β
claudere
β β
to
close
,β
referring
to
a
closed
section
of
text
.
gorgeous
adjective
Extremely
beautiful
,
attractive
,
or
impressive
in
appearance
.
β’
The
sunset
over
the
ocean
looked
absolutely
gorgeous
.
The
sunset
over
the
ocean
looked
absolutely
gorgeous
.
β’
Lisa
wore
a
gorgeous
red
dress
to
the
party
.
Lisa
wore
a
gorgeous
red
dress
to
the
party
.
From
Middle
English
gorgious
,
from
Old
French
gorgias
β
elegant
,
splendid
.β
interjection
Used
as
an
exclamation
to
express
admiration
,
delight
,
or
approval
.
β’
You
finished
the
painting
?
Gorgeous
!
You
finished
the
painting
?
Gorgeous
!
β’
The
chef
tasted
the
sauce
and
exclaimed
,
'Gorgeous
!
'
The
chef
tasted
the
sauce
and
exclaimed
,
'Gorgeous
!
'
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
sense
,
ultimately
from
Old
French
gorgias
.
anxious
adjective
feeling
worried
or
nervous
because
something
unpleasant
might
happen
β’
Lena
felt
anxious
before
giving
her
first
big
speech
at
school
.
Lena
felt
anxious
before
giving
her
first
big
speech
at
school
.
β’
The
rumbling
thunder
made
the
little
boy
anxious
about
the
storm
.
The
rumbling
thunder
made
the
little
boy
anxious
about
the
storm
.
From
Latin
anxius
β
troubled
,
uneasy
β
+
English
adjective
suffix
-ous
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
17th
century
.
adjective
wanting
something
very
much
,
often
because
it
is
important
or
exciting
β’
The
volunteers
were
anxious
to
start
rebuilding
the
damaged
houses
.
The
volunteers
were
anxious
to
start
rebuilding
the
damaged
houses
.
β’
He
is
anxious
for
his
parents
to
meet
his
new
fiancΓ©e
.
He
is
anxious
for
his
parents
to
meet
his
new
fiancΓ©e
.
Sense
of
strong
eagerness
developed
from
the
original
idea
of
restless
desire
in
the
early
19th
century
.
illusion
noun
a
false
idea
or
belief
that
someone
thinks
is
true
β’
After
the
unexpected
defeat
,
the
candidate
remained
under
the
illusion
that
victory
was
still
possible
.
After
the
unexpected
defeat
,
the
candidate
remained
under
the
illusion
that
victory
was
still
possible
.
β’
Many
tourists
arrive
with
the
illusion
that
life
in
the
city
is
always
glamorous
.
Many
tourists
arrive
with
the
illusion
that
life
in
the
city
is
always
glamorous
.
census
noun
-
census
,
censuses
an
official
count
and
survey
of
a
population
,
usually
recording
details
such
as
age
,
sex
,
and
occupation
β’
Every
ten
years
,
the
government
conducts
a
national
census
to
learn
how
many
people
live
in
the
country
.
Every
ten
years
,
the
government
conducts
a
national
census
to
learn
how
many
people
live
in
the
country
.
β’
According
to
the
latest
census
,
the
town
β
s
population
has
grown
by
five
percent
.
According
to
the
latest
census
,
the
town
β
s
population
has
grown
by
five
percent
.
From
Latin
census
β
a
registering
of
citizens
and
their
property
,β
from
censere
β
to
assess
,
to
rate
.β
The
practice
dates
back
to
ancient
Rome
and
was
adopted
by
many
modern
governments
.
verb
-
census
,
censusing
,
censuses
,
censused
to
conduct
an
official
count
and
survey
of
a
population
or
group
β’
Researchers
censused
the
island
β
s
bird
colonies
to
monitor
changes
in
numbers
.
Researchers
censused
the
island
β
s
bird
colonies
to
monitor
changes
in
numbers
.
β’
Volunteers
will
census
every
household
in
the
village
next
month
.
Volunteers
will
census
every
household
in
the
village
next
month
.
Verb
use
derives
from
the
noun
meaning
;
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
as
officials
began
to
use
the
word
for
the
act
of
carrying
out
a
census
.
businessman
noun
-
businessman
,
businessmen
a
man
whose
job
is
to
work
in
commerce
,
especially
one
who
owns
,
manages
,
or
has
an
important
position
in
a
company
β’
The
businessman
shook
hands
with
his
new
partners
after
signing
the
contract
.
The
businessman
shook
hands
with
his
new
partners
after
signing
the
contract
.
β’
At
the
airport
lounge
,
a
tired
businessman
checked
his
laptop
while
waiting
for
the
evening
flight
.
At
the
airport
lounge
,
a
tired
businessman
checked
his
laptop
while
waiting
for
the
evening
flight
.
formed
in
the
early
19th
century
by
combining
business
+β
man
,
following
earlier
compounds
like
tradesman
.
useless
adjective
not
able
to
do
what
is
needed
;
having
no
practical
use
or
value
β’
The
old
flashlight
was
useless
after
its
batteries
died
.
The
old
flashlight
was
useless
after
its
batteries
died
.
β’
Trying
to
convince
her
was
useless
because
she
had
already
decided
.
Trying
to
convince
her
was
useless
because
she
had
already
decided
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
the
noun
use
+
the
suffix
βless
,
meaning
β
lacking
β.
adjective
informal
:
very
bad
at
doing
something
;
unable
to
do
it
effectively
β’
I'm
useless
at
remembering
names
,
so
I
keep
a
list
in
my
phone
.
I'm
useless
at
remembering
names
,
so
I
keep
a
list
in
my
phone
.
β’
She
joked
that
her
brother
was
useless
in
the
kitchen
and
could
barely
boil
water
.
She
joked
that
her
brother
was
useless
in
the
kitchen
and
could
barely
boil
water
.
See
main
sense
etymology
:
formed
from
use
+
βless
.
suspicious
adjective
having
a
feeling
that
someone
or
something
is
dishonest
,
dangerous
,
or
wrong
β’
The
guard
grew
suspicious
when
he
saw
the
stranger
lurking
near
the
gate
.
The
guard
grew
suspicious
when
he
saw
the
stranger
lurking
near
the
gate
.
β’
My
mom
becomes
suspicious
if
I
come
home
after
midnight
.
My
mom
becomes
suspicious
if
I
come
home
after
midnight
.
From
Latin
suspiciosus
via
Old
French
suspecious
,
meaning
β
full
of
doubt
β.
adjective
causing
people
to
think
that
something
illegal
,
wrong
,
or
bad
might
be
happening
β’
There
was
a
suspicious
package
left
outside
the
station
.
There
was
a
suspicious
package
left
outside
the
station
.
β’
Firefighters
are
examining
the
suspicious
blaze
that
gutted
the
warehouse
.
Firefighters
are
examining
the
suspicious
blaze
that
gutted
the
warehouse
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
reflecting
its
later
use
to
describe
things
that
arouse
suspicion
.
exclusively
adverb
only
,
and
not
involving
anyone
or
anything
else
β’
The
new
smartphone
model
is
sold
exclusively
online
,
not
in
stores
.
The
new
smartphone
model
is
sold
exclusively
online
,
not
in
stores
.
β’
She
drinks
coffee
exclusively
in
the
morning
to
help
her
wake
up
.
She
drinks
coffee
exclusively
in
the
morning
to
help
her
wake
up
.
From
exclusive
+
β-ly
(β
in
the
manner
of
β).
adverb
in
a
way
that
keeps
other
people
or
things
out
so
that
a
select
group
enjoys
a
privilege
β’
The
club
is
open
exclusively
to
retired
teachers
,
so
students
cannot
join
.
The
club
is
open
exclusively
to
retired
teachers
,
so
students
cannot
join
.
β’
They
live
in
an
exclusively
gated
neighborhood
that
outsiders
cannot
enter
.
They
live
in
an
exclusively
gated
neighborhood
that
outsiders
cannot
enter
.
Same
origin
as
the
main
sense
:
exclusive
+
-ly
,
but
emphasizing
the
aspect
of
exclusion
.
ambitious
adjective
wanting
very
much
to
succeed
,
gain
power
,
or
achieve
something
and
working
hard
for
it
β’
Since
she
was
a
child
,
Maria
has
been
ambitious
and
dreamed
of
becoming
an
astronaut
.
Since
she
was
a
child
,
Maria
has
been
ambitious
and
dreamed
of
becoming
an
astronaut
.
β’
The
ambitious
young
salesman
arrives
at
work
before
dawn
to
meet
new
clients
.
The
ambitious
young
salesman
arrives
at
work
before
dawn
to
meet
new
clients
.
From
Latin
ambitiosus
meaning
β
going
around
to
canvass
for
votes
β,
later
β
eager
for
honor
β,
from
ambire
β
to
go
around
β.
adjective
describing
a
plan
,
idea
,
or
piece
of
work
that
is
large
,
difficult
,
or
needs
a
lot
of
effort
and
skill
β’
Building
a
highway
through
the
mountains
was
an
ambitious
project
for
the
small
town
.
Building
a
highway
through
the
mountains
was
an
ambitious
project
for
the
small
town
.
β’
The
company
launched
an
ambitious
plan
to
go
carbon-neutral
by
2030
.
The
company
launched
an
ambitious
plan
to
go
carbon-neutral
by
2030
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
ambitiosus
,
relating
to
striving
for
honor
or
votes
,
later
extended
to
describe
grand
undertakings
.
jealous
adjective
feeling
unhappy
or
upset
because
someone
else
has
something
you
want
,
or
because
you
fear
losing
the
attention
or
affection
of
someone
you
care
about
β’
Maya
felt
jealous
when
her
friend
won
the
art
prize
.
Maya
felt
jealous
when
her
friend
won
the
art
prize
.
β’
He
was
jealous
of
his
brother's
new
bike
.
He
was
jealous
of
his
brother's
new
bike
.
From
Middle
English
jelous
,
from
Old
French
jalos
,
from
Late
Latin
zelosus
β
full
of
zeal
,
jealous
,β
from
Ancient
Greek
ΞΆαΏΞ»ΞΏΟ
(
zΓͺlos
) β
zeal
,
jealousy
.β
adjective
very
protective
of
something
you
own
or
value
,
not
wanting
anyone
else
to
use
,
damage
,
or
take
it
β’
The
museum
is
jealous
of
its
rare
manuscripts
and
allows
no
flash
photography
.
The
museum
is
jealous
of
its
rare
manuscripts
and
allows
no
flash
photography
.
β’
The
chef
is
jealous
of
his
secret
recipe
.
The
chef
is
jealous
of
his
secret
recipe
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
to
describe
protective
possessiveness
rather
than
envy
.
usage
noun
the
amount
of
something
that
is
used
,
or
the
act
of
using
it
β’
Daily
smartphone
usage
has
increased
among
teenagers
.
Daily
smartphone
usage
has
increased
among
teenagers
.
β’
Please
limit
your
water
usage
during
the
drought
.
Please
limit
your
water
usage
during
the
drought
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
:
Middle
French
β
usage
β.
noun
the
way
words
and
grammar
are
commonly
used
in
a
language
β’
The
professor
explained
modern
English
usage
to
the
class
.
The
professor
explained
modern
English
usage
to
the
class
.
β’
Incorrect
comma
usage
can
make
sentences
confusing
.
Incorrect
comma
usage
can
make
sentences
confusing
.
From
Middle
French
β
usage
β,
from
Old
French
β
us
β (β
use
β)
+
β
-age
β (
noun
suffix
).
noun
a
customary
practice
or
established
social
custom
,
especially
one
that
has
existed
for
a
long
time
β’
According
to
local
usage
,
guests
remove
their
shoes
at
the
door
.
According
to
local
usage
,
guests
remove
their
shoes
at
the
door
.
β’
Ancient
legal
usages
still
influence
modern
contracts
.
Ancient
legal
usages
still
influence
modern
contracts
.
Evolved
from
the
broader
sense
of
β
use
β
to
mean
an
established
custom
by
the
early
15th
century
.