toqus
Picture Dictionary
English
한국어
Register
Login
🔍
have
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
own
or
possess
something
•
I
have
two
brothers
and
a
sister
.
I
have
two
brothers
and
a
sister
.
•
They
have
a
big
garden
behind
their
house
.
They
have
a
big
garden
behind
their
house
.
Old
English
habban
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
haben
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
experience
or
be
affected
by
something
such
as
a
feeling
,
state
,
or
illness
•
I
have
a
terrible
headache
this
morning
.
I
have
a
terrible
headache
this
morning
.
•
She
has
a
cold
and
can't
come
today
.
She
has
a
cold
and
can't
come
today
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
eat
or
drink
something
•
Let's
have
lunch
at
the
new
café
.
Let's
have
lunch
at
the
new
café
.
•
She
always
has
oatmeal
for
breakfast
.
She
always
has
oatmeal
for
breakfast
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
arrange
,
hold
,
or
take
part
in
an
activity
or
event
•
We
will
have
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.
We
will
have
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.
•
The
city
had
a
big
parade
last
weekend
.
The
city
had
a
big
parade
last
weekend
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
cause
or
persuade
someone
to
do
something
•
The
teacher
had
the
students
rewrite
their
essays
.
The
teacher
had
the
students
rewrite
their
essays
.
•
I'll
have
the
mechanic
check
the
brakes
.
I'll
have
the
mechanic
check
the
brakes
.
give
verb
-
give
,
giving
,
gives
,
gave
,
given
to
put
something
into
someone
’
s
hand
or
make
it
available
so
the
person
can
have
or
use
it
•
He
gave
the
keys
to
his
friend
at
the
door
.
He
gave
the
keys
to
his
friend
at
the
door
.
•
Please
give
me
the
book
on
the
top
shelf
.
Please
give
me
the
book
on
the
top
shelf
.
verb
-
give
,
giving
,
gives
,
gave
,
given
to
provide
or
supply
something
such
as
information
,
permission
,
or
help
•
Can
you
give
me
your
phone
number
?
Can
you
give
me
your
phone
number
?
•
The
guide
gave
us
clear
directions
to
the
museum
.
The
guide
gave
us
clear
directions
to
the
museum
.
verb
-
give
,
giving
,
gives
,
gave
,
given
to
cause
someone
to
experience
a
particular
feeling
,
condition
,
or
result
•
The
long
flight
gave
me
a
terrible
headache
.
The
long
flight
gave
me
a
terrible
headache
.
•
Her
smile
gives
everyone
hope
.
Her
smile
gives
everyone
hope
.
verb
-
give
,
giving
,
gives
,
gave
,
given
to
bend
,
stretch
,
or
yield
slightly
when
pressure
is
applied
•
The
branch
will
give
a
little
when
you
step
on
it
.
The
branch
will
give
a
little
when
you
step
on
it
.
•
The
old
rope
suddenly
gave
under
the
weight
.
The
old
rope
suddenly
gave
under
the
weight
.
believe
verb
-
believe
,
believing
,
believes
,
believed
to
accept
that
something
is
true
or
that
someone
is
telling
the
truth
•
I
believe
your
story
because
you
never
lie
.
I
believe
your
story
because
you
never
lie
.
•
Many
people
believe
the
earth
orbits
the
sun
.
Many
people
believe
the
earth
orbits
the
sun
.
verb
-
believe
,
believing
,
believes
,
believed
to
trust
or
have
faith
in
the
existence
,
ability
,
or
value
of
someone
or
something
,
often
used
with
“
in
”
•
Children
often
believe in
Santa
Claus
.
Children
often
believe in
Santa
Claus
.
•
I
believe in
you
;
I
know
you
can
win
the
race
.
I
believe in
you
;
I
know
you
can
win
the
race
.
provide
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
to
give
something
that
is
needed
or
wanted
to
someone
,
or
to
make
it
available
•
Local
volunteers
provide
hot
meals
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
Local
volunteers
provide
hot
meals
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
•
The
hotel
provides
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
The
hotel
provides
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
From
Latin
prōvidēre
“
to
foresee
,
supply
,”
from
pro
“
before
”
+
vidēre
“
to
see
.”
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
to
earn
or
supply
the
things
that
someone
needs
to
live
,
or
to
plan
for
future
needs
,
especially
with
the
phrase
“
provide
for
”
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
worried
about
how
he
would
provide
for
his
family
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
worried
about
how
he
would
provide
for
his
family
.
•
The
life-insurance
policy
will
help
provide
for
the
children
if
anything
happens
.
The
life-insurance
policy
will
help
provide
for
the
children
if
anything
happens
.
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
(
of
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
)
to
state
officially
that
something
must
be
done
or
is
allowed
•
The
contract
provides
that
either
party
may
cancel
with
30
days
’
notice
.
The
contract
provides
that
either
party
may
cancel
with
30
days
’
notice
.
•
Company
policy
provides
that
employees
wear
ID
badges
at
all
times
.
Company
policy
provides
that
employees
wear
ID
badges
at
all
times
.
leave
verb
-
leave
,
leaving
,
leaves
,
left
to
go
away
from
someone
or
someplace
,
especially
in
order
to
start
a
journey
or
finish
a
visit
•
After
saying
goodbye
,
Sarah
left
the
party
early
.
After
saying
goodbye
,
Sarah
left
the
party
early
.
•
We
must
leave
now
if
we
want
to
catch
the
bus
.
We
must
leave
now
if
we
want
to
catch
the
bus
.
Old
English
lǣfan
“
to
allow
to
remain
,
bequeath
;
depart
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*laibijaną
.
verb
-
leave
,
leaving
,
leaves
,
left
to
forget
or
intentionally
allow
something
or
someone
to
remain
in
a
place
when
you
go
away
•
She
left
her
umbrella
on
the
bus
.
She
left
her
umbrella
on
the
bus
.
•
Don
’
t
leave
your
phone
on
the
table
;
someone
might
take
it
.
Don
’
t
leave
your
phone
on
the
table
;
someone
might
take
it
.
Extension
of
the
sense
“
allow
to
remain
”
from
Old
English
lǣfan
.
verb
-
leave
,
leaving
,
leaves
,
left
to
cause
someone
or
something
to
stay
in
a
particular
state
or
condition
•
Please
leave
the
window
open
for
some
fresh
air
.
Please
leave
the
window
open
for
some
fresh
air
.
•
The
news
left
him
speechless
.
The
news
left
him
speechless
.
Semantic
development
from
Old
English
lǣfan
,
shifting
from
“
allow
to
remain
”
to
“
cause
to
remain
in
a
state
.”
service
noun
the
act
of
helping
or
doing
useful
work
for
customers
or
guests
•
The
hotel
staff
offered
excellent
service
from
the
moment
we
arrived
.
The
hotel
staff
offered
excellent
service
from
the
moment
we
arrived
.
•
Good
service
often
makes
customers
want
to
come
back
.
Good
service
often
makes
customers
want
to
come
back
.
noun
a
religious
ceremony
in
which
people
pray
,
sing
,
and
listen
to
readings
•
We
attend
a
church
service
every
Sunday
morning
.
We
attend
a
church
service
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
The
wedding
service
was
held
in
a
small
chapel
.
The
wedding
service
was
held
in
a
small
chapel
.
noun
a
regular
system
that
provides
transport
or
another
public
need
•
There
is
an
hourly
bus
service
between
the
two
towns
.
There
is
an
hourly
bus
service
between
the
two
towns
.
•
The
library
offers
a
free
delivery
service
for
elderly
people
.
The
library
offers
a
free
delivery
service
for
elderly
people
.
noun
an
examination
and
small
repairs
done
to
keep
a
machine
or
vehicle
working
well
•
My
car
is
running
smoothly
after
its
annual
service
.
My
car
is
running
smoothly
after
its
annual
service
.
•
The
printer
stopped
working
because
it
needs
a
service
.
The
printer
stopped
working
because
it
needs
a
service
.
verb
-
service
,
servicing
,
services
,
serviced
to
examine
and
repair
a
machine
or
vehicle
so
that
it
continues
to
work
well
•
I
need
to
service
my
bicycle
before
the
long
trip
.
I
need
to
service
my
bicycle
before
the
long
trip
.
•
Technicians
service
the
elevators
every
month
.
Technicians
service
the
elevators
every
month
.
noun
the
armed
forces
of
a
country
,
or
the
time
spent
working
in
them
•
She
hopes
to
join
the
navy
service
after
college
.
She
hopes
to
join
the
navy
service
after
college
.
•
He
received
a
medal
for
his
service
in
the
air
force
.
He
received
a
medal
for
his
service
in
the
air
force
.
verb
-
service
,
servicing
,
services
,
serviced
(
of
a
male
animal
,
sometimes
a
person
)
to
mate
with
a
female
for
breeding
•
The
farmer
brought
in
a
prize
bull
to
service
his
cows
.
The
farmer
brought
in
a
prize
bull
to
service
his
cows
.
•
Stud
dogs
are
often
hired
to
service
pedigreed
females
.
Stud
dogs
are
often
hired
to
service
pedigreed
females
.
move
verb
-
move
,
moving
,
moves
,
moved
to
change
position
or
go
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
baby
finally
moved
after
sleeping
for
hours
.
The
baby
finally
moved
after
sleeping
for
hours
.
•
Please
move
your
bike
out
of
the
hallway
.
Please
move
your
bike
out
of
the
hallway
.
Old
French
mouvoir
,
from
Latin
movēre
“
to
move
”.
verb
-
move
,
moving
,
moves
,
moved
to
change
the
place
where
you
live
or
work
•
We're
moving
to
London
next
month
.
We're
moving
to
London
next
month
.
•
She
moved
from
a
small
town
to
a
big
city
for
college
.
She
moved
from
a
small
town
to
a
big
city
for
college
.
verb
-
move
,
moving
,
moves
,
moved
to
begin
an
action
or
progress
to
the
next
stage
of
something
•
Let's
move
to
the
next
topic
.
Let's
move
to
the
next
topic
.
•
The
project
will
move
quickly
if
everyone
helps
.
The
project
will
move
quickly
if
everyone
helps
.
noun
-
move
,
moving
,
moves
,
moved
an
action
that
changes
a
situation
,
especially
the
next
thing
you
decide
to
do
•
Buying
the
house
was
a
smart
move
.
Buying
the
house
was
a
smart
move
.
•
It's
your
move
in
the
chess
game
.
It's
your
move
in
the
chess
game
.
noun
-
move
,
moving
,
moves
,
moved
the
act
of
changing
your
home
or
workplace
to
another
place
•
The
move
to
the
countryside
made
their
lives
calmer
.
The
move
to
the
countryside
made
their
lives
calmer
.
•
Their
company
’
s
move
downtown
saved
money
on
rent
.
Their
company
’
s
move
downtown
saved
money
on
rent
.
verb
-
move
,
moving
,
moves
,
moved
to
make
someone
feel
strong
emotion
,
especially
sadness
or
sympathy
•
The
film's
ending
moved
everyone
in
the
theater
.
The
film's
ending
moved
everyone
in
the
theater
.
•
His
kindness
moved
her
deeply
.
His
kindness
moved
her
deeply
.
receive
verb
-
receive
,
receiving
,
receives
,
received
to
get
or
be
given
something
such
as
a
letter
,
payment
,
or
gift
•
Mia
smiled
when
she
received
a
birthday
card
in
the
mail
.
Mia
smiled
when
she
received
a
birthday
card
in
the
mail
.
•
All
students
will
receive
their
test
results
online
tomorrow
.
All
students
will
receive
their
test
results
online
tomorrow
.
Middle
English
"
receiven
"
from
Old
French
"
receivre
",
from
Latin
"
recipere
"
meaning
"
take
back
".
verb
-
receive
,
receiving
,
receives
,
received
to
experience
or
be
the
object
of
something
such
as
praise
,
criticism
,
or
punishment
•
The
movie
received
excellent
reviews
from
critics
.
The
movie
received
excellent
reviews
from
critics
.
•
He
received
a
lot
of
criticism
for
his
careless
comment
.
He
received
a
lot
of
criticism
for
his
careless
comment
.
verb
-
receive
,
receiving
,
receives
,
received
to
formally
welcome
and
meet
guests
or
official
visitors
•
The
ambassador
will
receive
the
foreign
delegation
at
noon
.
The
ambassador
will
receive
the
foreign
delegation
at
noon
.
•
The
queen
received
guests
in
the
palace
ballroom
.
The
queen
received
guests
in
the
palace
ballroom
.
verb
-
receive
,
receiving
,
receives
,
received
to
pick
up
and
decode
signals
sent
by
radio
,
television
,
or
other
electronic
equipment
•
My
old
antenna
can
no
longer
receive
local
TV
channels
.
My
old
antenna
can
no
longer
receive
local
TV
channels
.
•
The
radio
struggled
to
receive
a
clear
signal
during
the
storm
.
The
radio
struggled
to
receive
a
clear
signal
during
the
storm
.
verb
-
receive
,
receiving
,
receives
,
received
in
sports
,
to
catch
or
take
control
of
the
ball
that
has
been
kicked
,
thrown
,
or
served
by
the
opposing
side
•
Our
team
chose
to
receive
the
kickoff
in
the
first
half
.
Our
team
chose
to
receive
the
kickoff
in
the
first
half
.
•
She
positioned
herself
to
receive
the
serve
in
volleyball
.
She
positioned
herself
to
receive
the
serve
in
volleyball
.
movie
noun
a
story
shown
in
moving
pictures
,
usually
watched
in
a
cinema
or
on
a
screen
at
home
•
We
watched
a
funny
movie
on
Friday
night
.
We
watched
a
funny
movie
on
Friday
night
.
•
Tickets
for
the
new
superhero
movie
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Tickets
for
the
new
superhero
movie
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Early
1900s
shortening
of
“
moving
picture
,”
referring
to
the
new
technology
of
projected
motion
photography
.
noun
the
art
,
industry
,
or
business
of
making
and
showing
films
,
often
expressed
as
“
the
movies
”
•
Tim
hopes
to
work
in
the
movie
business
someday
as
a
director
.
Tim
hopes
to
work
in
the
movie
business
someday
as
a
director
.
•
She
has
studied
movie
history
for
years
.
She
has
studied
movie
history
for
years
.
love
verb
-
love
,
loving
,
loves
,
loved
to
feel
deep
affection
and
care
for
someone
•
I
love
my
parents
more
than
words
can
say
.
I
love
my
parents
more
than
words
can
say
.
•
They
love
each
other
despite
the
distance
.
They
love
each
other
despite
the
distance
.
verb
-
love
,
loving
,
loves
,
loved
to
enjoy
or
like
something
very
much
•
They
love
playing
board
games
on
rainy
evenings
.
They
love
playing
board
games
on
rainy
evenings
.
•
I
love
chocolate
ice
cream
.
I
love
chocolate
ice
cream
.
view
noun
what
you
can
see
from
a
particular
place
,
especially
a
wide
or
beautiful
scene
•
The
hotel
room
had
a
stunning
view
of
the
ocean
.
The
hotel
room
had
a
stunning
view
of
the
ocean
.
•
From
the
hilltop
,
the
city
view
stretched
for
miles
.
From
the
hilltop
,
the
city
view
stretched
for
miles
.
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
"
veu
",
from
Latin
"
vidēre
"
meaning
“
to
see
”.
verb
to
look
at
something
carefully
or
for
a
period
of
time
•
We
climbed
the
tower
to
view
the
city
lights
.
We
climbed
the
tower
to
view
the
city
lights
.
•
Millions
will
view
the
match
on
television
tonight
.
Millions
will
view
the
match
on
television
tonight
.
From
Middle
English
“
viuen
”
meaning
‘
to
look
at
’,
derived
from
the
noun
.
noun
a
personal
opinion
or
way
of
thinking
about
something
•
In
my
view
,
honesty
is
always
the
best
policy
.
In
my
view
,
honesty
is
always
the
best
policy
.
•
The
committee
asked
for
the
public's
view
on
the
new
park
.
The
committee
asked
for
the
public's
view
on
the
new
park
.
Evolved
sense
from
“
what
is
seen
”
to
“
what
is
perceived
in
the
mind
”
during
the
16th-17th
centuries
.
noun
a
particular
angle
or
side
from
which
something
can
be
seen
•
The
blueprint
shows
the
front
view
of
the
house
.
The
blueprint
shows
the
front
view
of
the
house
.
•
Rotate
the
model
for
a
side
view
.
Rotate
the
model
for
a
side
view
.
Technical
use
developed
in
the
18th
century
with
advances
in
engineering
drawing
.
verb
to
think
about
or
consider
something
in
a
particular
way
•
I
view
him
as
a
close
friend
.
I
view
him
as
a
close
friend
.
•
They
view
the
plan
with
some
skepticism
.
They
view
the
plan
with
some
skepticism
.
Semantic
extension
of
the
physical
sense
"
look
at
"
dating
from
the
15th
century
.
serve
verb
-
serve
,
serving
,
serves
,
served
to
give
food
or
drinks
to
someone
or
place
them
on
the
table
for
them
to
eat
or
drink
•
The
waiter
served
our
soup
within
minutes
.
The
waiter
served
our
soup
within
minutes
.
•
At
family
dinners
,
Grandma
serves
the
turkey
to
everyone
.
At
family
dinners
,
Grandma
serves
the
turkey
to
everyone
.
verb
-
serve
,
serving
,
serves
,
served
to
work
for
or
help
a
person
,
organization
,
or
cause
,
especially
as
an
employee
,
soldier
,
or
public
official
•
She
served
in
the
navy
for
five
years
.
She
served
in
the
navy
for
five
years
.
•
Councillors
are
elected
to
serve
their
local
community
.
Councillors
are
elected
to
serve
their
local
community
.
verb
-
serve
,
serving
,
serves
,
served
in
tennis
,
volleyball
,
and
similar
sports
,
to
hit
or
throw
the
ball
to
start
a
game
or
point
•
It's
your
turn
to
serve
,
so
stand
behind
the
baseline
.
It's
your
turn
to
serve
,
so
stand
behind
the
baseline
.
•
She
served
an
ace
that
her
opponent
couldn't
touch
.
She
served
an
ace
that
her
opponent
couldn't
touch
.
verb
-
serve
,
serving
,
serves
,
served
to
be
useful
for
a
particular
purpose
or
act
in
place
of
something
else
•
A
folded
jacket
can
serve
as
a
pillow
on
long
flights
.
A
folded
jacket
can
serve
as
a
pillow
on
long
flights
.
•
The
ceremony
will
serve
as
a
farewell
to
the
retiring
principal
.
The
ceremony
will
serve
as
a
farewell
to
the
retiring
principal
.
verb
-
serve
,
serving
,
serves
,
served
to
spend
a
stated
period
performing
duty
or
punishment
,
such
as
in
prison
or
in
an
official
position
•
He
had
to
serve
three
years
in
prison
for
the
robbery
.
He
had
to
serve
three
years
in
prison
for
the
robbery
.
•
The
senator
will
serve
a
six-year
term
if
re-elected
.
The
senator
will
serve
a
six-year
term
if
re-elected
.
involve
verb
-
involve
,
involving
,
involves
,
involved
to
include
something
as
a
necessary
part
or
result
•
The
recipe
involves
three
types
of
fresh
herbs
.
The
recipe
involves
three
types
of
fresh
herbs
.
•
His
new
job
involves
traveling
abroad
twice
a
month
.
His
new
job
involves
traveling
abroad
twice
a
month
.
verb
-
involve
,
involving
,
involves
,
involved
to
cause
someone
to
take
part
in
an
activity
or
situation
•
The
teacher
tried
to
involve
every
student
in
the
debate
.
The
teacher
tried
to
involve
every
student
in
the
debate
.
•
Please
involve
me
in
the
planning
process
.
Please
involve
me
in
the
planning
process
.
verb
-
involve
,
involving
,
involves
,
involved
to
connect
someone
with
a
situation
,
often
something
difficult
,
wrong
,
or
unpleasant
•
The
police
believe
the
suspect
involved
his
brother
in
the
robbery
.
The
police
believe
the
suspect
involved
his
brother
in
the
robbery
.
•
She
didn't
want
to
involve
her
parents
in
her
financial
troubles
.
She
didn't
want
to
involve
her
parents
in
her
financial
troubles
.
left
verb
-
leave
,
leaving
,
leaves
,
left
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
leave
•
They
left
the
concert
early
to
catch
the
last
train
.
They
left
the
concert
early
to
catch
the
last
train
.
•
I
have
left
my
keys
on
the
kitchen
table
.
I
have
left
my
keys
on
the
kitchen
table
.
activity
noun
-
activity
,
activities
something
that
people
do
for
enjoyment
,
learning
,
or
a
particular
purpose
•
The
children
chose
painting
as
their
favorite
activity
at
camp
.
The
children
chose
painting
as
their
favorite
activity
at
camp
.
•
On
rainy
days
,
reading
stories
together
is
a
relaxing
activity
for
our
family
.
On
rainy
days
,
reading
stories
together
is
a
relaxing
activity
for
our
family
.
noun
-
activity
,
activities
a
state
of
busy
movement
or
many
things
happening
•
There
was
a
lot
of
activity
in
the
market
as
vendors
set
up
their
stalls
.
There
was
a
lot
of
activity
in
the
market
as
vendors
set
up
their
stalls
.
•
Police
officers
noticed
unusual
activity
outside
the
bank
late
at
night
.
Police
officers
noticed
unusual
activity
outside
the
bank
late
at
night
.
noun
-
activity
,
activities
actions
of
a
particular
kind
,
often
described
by
an
adjective
such
as
criminal
,
political
,
or
business
•
The
police
increased
patrols
to
stop
gang
activity
in
the
area
.
The
police
increased
patrols
to
stop
gang
activity
in
the
area
.
•
Fund-raising
activity
will
continue
until
the
charity
meets
its
goal
.
Fund-raising
activity
will
continue
until
the
charity
meets
its
goal
.
noun
-
activity
,
activities
the
natural
work
or
functioning
inside
something
,
such
as
a
volcano
,
the
brain
,
or
the
sun
•
Scientists
monitor
volcanic
activity
to
predict
eruptions
.
Scientists
monitor
volcanic
activity
to
predict
eruptions
.
•
The
scan
showed
increased
brain
activity
when
the
subject
solved
the
puzzle
.
The
scan
showed
increased
brain
activity
when
the
subject
solved
the
puzzle
.
evidence
noun
facts
or
information
that
show
whether
something
is
true
,
valid
,
or
really
happened
•
The
detective
collected
fingerprints
as
crucial
evidence
.
The
detective
collected
fingerprints
as
crucial
evidence
.
•
Scientists
need
solid
evidence
before
claiming
a
new
discovery
.
Scientists
need
solid
evidence
before
claiming
a
new
discovery
.
From
Latin
evidentia
“
clearness
,
proof
”,
via
Middle
French
evidence
and
Middle
English
.
noun
a
visible
sign
or
indication
that
something
exists
or
has
happened
•
There
was
no
evidence
of
snow
after
the
warm
afternoon
sun
.
There
was
no
evidence
of
snow
after
the
warm
afternoon
sun
.
•
The
wilted
leaves
were
strong
evidence
of
the
drought
.
The
wilted
leaves
were
strong
evidence
of
the
drought
.
verb
-
evidence
,
evidencing
,
evidences
,
evidenced
to
show
clearly
that
something
exists
or
is
true
;
to
demonstrate
•
The
charts
evidence
a
steady
rise
in
sales
over
five
years
.
The
charts
evidence
a
steady
rise
in
sales
over
five
years
.
•
His
tears
evidenced
how
deeply
the
movie
affected
him
.
His
tears
evidenced
how
deeply
the
movie
affected
him
.
save
verb
-
save
,
saving
,
saves
,
saved
to
keep
money
,
time
,
or
resources
instead
of
using
them
so
you
can
use
them
later
•
Emily
tries
to
save
five
dollars
from
her
allowance
every
week
.
Emily
tries
to
save
five
dollars
from
her
allowance
every
week
.
•
During
the
dry
season
,
the
town
asks
everyone
to
save
water
by
taking
shorter
showers
.
During
the
dry
season
,
the
town
asks
everyone
to
save
water
by
taking
shorter
showers
.
From
Old
French
sauver
,
from
Latin
salvāre
“
to
make
safe
,
protect
,
preserve
.”
verb
-
save
,
saving
,
saves
,
saved
to
stop
someone
or
something
from
being
hurt
,
lost
,
or
destroyed
•
The
firefighter
saved
the
kitten
from
the
burning
house
.
The
firefighter
saved
the
kitten
from
the
burning
house
.
•
Wearing
a
seat
belt
can
save
your
life
in
a
crash
.
Wearing
a
seat
belt
can
save
your
life
in
a
crash
.
verb
-
save
,
saving
,
saves
,
saved
to
store
data
or
a
document
on
a
computer
or
device
so
you
can
open
it
later
•
Don
’
t
forget
to
save
your
document
before
shutting
down
the
laptop
.
Don
’
t
forget
to
save
your
document
before
shutting
down
the
laptop
.
•
He
saved
the
photos
to
a
cloud
drive
so
he
could
view
them
on
his
phone
.
He
saved
the
photos
to
a
cloud
drive
so
he
could
view
them
on
his
phone
.
environment
noun
the
natural
world
,
especially
the
air
,
water
,
land
,
and
living
things
,
considered
as
a
whole
and
affected
by
human
activity
•
Scientists
warn
that
plastic
pollution
is
harming
the
environment
.
Scientists
warn
that
plastic
pollution
is
harming
the
environment
.
•
The
government
introduced
new
laws
to
protect
the
environment
from
industrial
waste
.
The
government
introduced
new
laws
to
protect
the
environment
from
industrial
waste
.
From
French
environnement
,
from
environner
“
to
surround
,”
from
environ
“
round
about
.”
noun
the
conditions
,
influences
,
and
surroundings
that
affect
how
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
lives
or
operates
•
A
calm
classroom
creates
a
positive
learning
environment
.
A
calm
classroom
creates
a
positive
learning
environment
.
•
He
grew
up
in
an
artistic
environment
filled
with
music
and
paintings
.
He
grew
up
in
an
artistic
environment
filled
with
music
and
paintings
.
noun
in
computing
,
the
combination
of
hardware
,
software
,
and
settings
in
which
a
program
or
system
runs
•
The
app
crashed
because
it
was
launched
in
the
wrong
environment
.
The
app
crashed
because
it
was
launched
in
the
wrong
environment
.
•
Developers
test
new
features
in
a
staging
environment
before
going
live
.
Developers
test
new
features
in
a
staging
environment
before
going
live
.
arrive
verb
-
arrive
,
arriving
,
arrives
,
arrived
to
reach
a
place
after
travelling
•
The
train
arrived
at
the
station
right
on
time
.
The
train
arrived
at
the
station
right
on
time
.
•
Call
me
when
you
arrive
home
safely
.
Call
me
when
you
arrive
home
safely
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
arriver
,
based
on
Latin
ad-
‘
to
’
+
ripa
‘
shore
’.
Originally
used
of
ships
reaching
land
.
prove
verb
-
prove
,
proving
,
proves
,
proved
,
proven
to
show
that
something
is
true
by
giving
facts
,
evidence
,
or
clear
reasoning
•
The
scientist
collected
more
data
to
prove
her
new
theory
.
The
scientist
collected
more
data
to
prove
her
new
theory
.
•
He
showed
the
receipts
to
prove
he
had
already
paid
the
bill
.
He
showed
the
receipts
to
prove
he
had
already
paid
the
bill
.
Middle
English
prōven
,
from
Old
French
prover
,
from
Latin
probāre
“
to
test
,
approve
,
demonstrate
”.
verb
-
prove
,
proving
,
proves
,
proved
,
proven
to
turn
out
or
show
a
particular
quality
after
time
has
passed
•
The
new
software
may
prove
difficult
for
beginners
.
The
new
software
may
prove
difficult
for
beginners
.
•
Her
quick
thinking
proved
valuable
during
the
emergency
.
Her
quick
thinking
proved
valuable
during
the
emergency
.
verb
-
prove
,
proving
,
proves
,
proved
,
proven
to
leave
bread
dough
in
a
warm
place
so
that
it
rises
before
baking
•
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
prove
for
an
hour
.
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
prove
for
an
hour
.
•
If
you
don't
prove
the
dough
long
enough
,
the
bread
will
be
dense
.
If
you
don't
prove
the
dough
long
enough
,
the
bread
will
be
dense
.
remove
verb
-
remove
,
removing
,
removes
,
removed
to
take
something
or
someone
away
from
a
place
,
position
,
or
attachment
•
Please
remove
your
shoes
before
entering
the
house
.
Please
remove
your
shoes
before
entering
the
house
.
•
She
carefully
removed
the
dusty
books
from
the
shelf
.
She
carefully
removed
the
dusty
books
from
the
shelf
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
remouvoir
,
from
Latin
removēre
meaning
“
to
move
back
.”
verb
-
remove
,
removing
,
removes
,
removed
to
make
something
disappear
or
get
rid
of
it
completely
•
This
spray
quickly
removes
coffee
stains
from
fabric
.
This
spray
quickly
removes
coffee
stains
from
fabric
.
•
The
software
update
removed
the
bug
that
caused
crashes
.
The
software
update
removed
the
bug
that
caused
crashes
.
verb
-
remove
,
removing
,
removes
,
removed
to
dismiss
someone
from
a
job
,
position
,
or
office
•
The
board
removed
the
CEO
after
the
scandal
.
The
board
removed
the
CEO
after
the
scandal
.
•
She
was
removed
from
office
for
misuse
of
funds
.
She
was
removed
from
office
for
misuse
of
funds
.
interview
noun
a
formal
meeting
in
which
an
employer
,
school
,
or
organization
asks
someone
questions
to
decide
if
they
are
suitable
for
a
job
,
place
,
or
opportunity
•
Maria
wore
her
smartest
suit
to
her
first
job
interview
at
a
busy
city
bank
.
Maria
wore
her
smartest
suit
to
her
first
job
interview
at
a
busy
city
bank
.
•
The
company
scheduled
ten
interviews
in
one
afternoon
to
find
the
perfect
graphic
designer
.
The
company
scheduled
ten
interviews
in
one
afternoon
to
find
the
perfect
graphic
designer
.
From
French
‘
entrevue
’ (
meeting
),
from
‘
s
’
entrevoir
’ (“
see
each
other
briefly
”),
first
used
in
English
in
the
mid-18th
century
.
noun
a
recorded
or
published
conversation
in
which
a
journalist
asks
someone
questions
for
television
,
radio
,
a
podcast
,
or
a
newspaper
•
The
singer
’
s
emotional
interview
on
live
TV
drew
millions
of
viewers
.
The
singer
’
s
emotional
interview
on
live
TV
drew
millions
of
viewers
.
•
Readers
loved
the
magazine
’
s
in-depth
interview
with
the
newly
elected
mayor
.
Readers
loved
the
magazine
’
s
in-depth
interview
with
the
newly
elected
mayor
.
See
earlier
sense
.
Media
use
spread
widely
with
the
growth
of
newspapers
in
the
19th
century
and
broadcasting
in
the
20th
century
.
verb
to
ask
someone
questions
in
order
to
gather
information
,
especially
for
a
job
selection
process
or
for
a
media
report
•
Tomorrow
the
hiring
manager
will
interview
six
candidates
for
the
marketing
position
.
Tomorrow
the
hiring
manager
will
interview
six
candidates
for
the
marketing
position
.
•
The
reporter
interviewed
local
residents
about
the
sudden
power
outage
.
The
reporter
interviewed
local
residents
about
the
sudden
power
outage
.
Same
origin
as
noun
:
adapted
from
French
in
the
18th
century
;
verb
use
developed
soon
after
the
noun
.
behavior
noun
the
way
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
acts
or
responds
,
especially
toward
others
or
in
a
particular
situation
•
The
teacher
praised
Emma's
polite
behavior
in
class
.
The
teacher
praised
Emma's
polite
behavior
in
class
.
•
The
dog's
excited
behavior
told
us
it
wanted
to
play
.
The
dog's
excited
behavior
told
us
it
wanted
to
play
.
from
behave
+
-ior
,
modelled
on
late
Middle
English
‘
behaviour
’
from
Anglo-French
‘
behaveour
’
behaviour
noun
the
way
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
acts
or
responds
,
especially
toward
others
or
in
a
particular
situation
•
His
generous
behaviour
impressed
everyone
at
the
charity
event
.
His
generous
behaviour
impressed
everyone
at
the
charity
event
.
•
Parents
worry
when
their
toddler
shows
aggressive
behaviour
.
Parents
worry
when
their
toddler
shows
aggressive
behaviour
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
‘
behaveour
’,
based
on
the
verb
‘
behave
’
video
noun
a
recording
of
moving
pictures
,
with
or
without
sound
,
that
you
can
watch
on
a
screen
.
•
We
watched
a
funny
video
of
a
cat
chasing
its
tail
on
the
internet
.
We
watched
a
funny
video
of
a
cat
chasing
its
tail
on
the
internet
.
•
He
posted
a
travel
video
showing
the
snow-covered
mountains
he
climbed
.
He
posted
a
travel
video
showing
the
snow-covered
mountains
he
climbed
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
“
video
”
meaning
“
I
see
”;
in
English
,
first
used
in
the
1930s
for
television
technology
and
later
for
recorded
moving
images
.
noun
the
medium
,
system
,
or
quality
of
recording
,
transmitting
,
or
displaying
moving
visual
images
.
•
This
camera
can
shoot
in
4K
video
for
professional
projects
.
This
camera
can
shoot
in
4K
video
for
professional
projects
.
•
The
conference
call
had
clear
audio
but
the
video
kept
freezing
.
The
conference
call
had
clear
audio
but
the
video
kept
freezing
.
noun
a
short
film
made
to
accompany
a
song
,
often
featuring
the
performers
and
creative
visuals
.
•
The
band's
new
video
went
viral
within
hours
.
The
band's
new
video
went
viral
within
hours
.
•
I
love
the
choreography
in
that
K-pop
video
.
I
love
the
choreography
in
that
K-pop
video
.
verb
to
record
something
using
a
camera
that
captures
moving
images
.
•
Please
video
the
ceremony
so
we
can
watch
it
later
.
Please
video
the
ceremony
so
we
can
watch
it
later
.
•
He
videoed
the
fireworks
with
his
phone
.
He
videoed
the
fireworks
with
his
phone
.
individual
adjective
considered
separately
from
other
people
or
things
in
a
group
•
The
teacher
gave
individual
attention
to
each
child
in
the
class
.
The
teacher
gave
individual
attention
to
each
child
in
the
class
.
•
Each
individual
leaf
had
a
slightly
different
pattern
of
veins
.
Each
individual
leaf
had
a
slightly
different
pattern
of
veins
.
noun
a
single
person
or
thing
looked
at
separately
from
a
group
•
Every
individual
must
fill
out
a
registration
form
on
arrival
.
Every
individual
must
fill
out
a
registration
form
on
arrival
.
•
The
zoo
tries
to
give
each
individual
animal
enough
space
to
roam
.
The
zoo
tries
to
give
each
individual
animal
enough
space
to
roam
.
adjective
showing
qualities
that
make
someone
or
something
different
and
unique
•
She
has
a
very
individual
sense
of
fashion
that
makes
her
stand
out
in
any
crowd
.
She
has
a
very
individual
sense
of
fashion
that
makes
her
stand
out
in
any
crowd
.
•
The
architect's
individual
style
combines
glass
with
reclaimed
wood
.
The
architect's
individual
style
combines
glass
with
reclaimed
wood
.
noun
a
person
,
often
one
who
is
unusual
or
interesting
in
some
way
•
He's
an
odd
individual
who
collects
antique
typewriters
.
He's
an
odd
individual
who
collects
antique
typewriters
.
•
The
police
are
looking
for
a
suspicious
individual
seen
near
the
bank
.
The
police
are
looking
for
a
suspicious
individual
seen
near
the
bank
.
victim
noun
a
person
or
animal
that
is
hurt
,
injured
,
or
killed
by
an
accident
,
crime
,
or
disaster
•
Paramedics
arrived
quickly
to
help
the
victim
of
the
car
crash
.
Paramedics
arrived
quickly
to
help
the
victim
of
the
car
crash
.
•
The
fire's
only
victim
suffered
minor
burns
,
thanks
to
the
fast-acting
neighbors
.
The
fire's
only
victim
suffered
minor
burns
,
thanks
to
the
fast-acting
neighbors
.
From
Latin
victima
meaning
‘
sacrificial
animal
;
person
killed
’.
The
sense
widened
in
the
17th
century
to
anyone
who
suffers
harm
.
noun
a
person
who
is
tricked
,
cheated
,
or
treated
unfairly
•
The
elderly
man
was
a
victim
of
an
online
banking
scam
.
The
elderly
man
was
a
victim
of
an
online
banking
scam
.
•
She
felt
like
a
victim
when
her
colleagues
took
credit
for
her
idea
.
She
felt
like
a
victim
when
her
colleagues
took
credit
for
her
idea
.
noun
someone
who
suffers
from
a
situation
or
influence
rather
than
a
direct
attack
•
Many
families
became
victim
of
the
economic
downturn
.
Many
families
became
victim
of
the
economic
downturn
.
•
He
is
a
victim
of
his
own
success
,
working
nonstop
to
keep
his
business
growing
.
He
is
a
victim
of
his
own
success
,
working
nonstop
to
keep
his
business
growing
.
noun
in
ancient
or
religious
contexts
,
a
creature
or
person
offered
as
a
sacrifice
to
a
god
•
The
tribe
laid
the
victim
upon
the
stone
altar
during
the
ritual
.
The
tribe
laid
the
victim
upon
the
stone
altar
during
the
ritual
.
•
In
some
myths
,
a
king
would
volunteer
as
the
victim
to
save
his
people
.
In
some
myths
,
a
king
would
volunteer
as
the
victim
to
save
his
people
.
television
noun
an
electronic
device
with
a
screen
that
receives
broadcast
or
streamed
signals
so
you
can
watch
moving
pictures
and
hear
sound
.
•
After
dinner
,
the
family
gathered
around
the
television
to
watch
a
movie
.
After
dinner
,
the
family
gathered
around
the
television
to
watch
a
movie
.
•
He
accidentally
dropped
the
remote
and
turned
the
television
off
.
He
accidentally
dropped
the
remote
and
turned
the
television
off
.
Formed
in
the
early
1900s
from
Greek
tele-
“
far
”
+
Latin
visio
“
sight
,”
literally
meaning
“
seeing
from
a
distance
.”
noun
-
television
the
system
or
activity
of
transmitting
moving
pictures
and
sound
,
or
the
programmes
that
are
broadcast
by
this
system
.
•
Live
television
showed
the
rocket
launch
to
millions
of
viewers
.
Live
television
showed
the
rocket
launch
to
millions
of
viewers
.
•
She
prefers
reading
books
to
watching
television
.
She
prefers
reading
books
to
watching
television
.
Formed
in
the
early
1900s
from
Greek
tele-
“
far
”
+
Latin
visio
“
sight
,”
literally
meaning
“
seeing
from
a
distance
.”
improve
verb
-
improve
,
improving
,
improves
,
improved
to
make
something
or
someone
better
in
quality
,
condition
,
or
performance
•
Daily
practice
can
improve
your
pronunciation
.
Daily
practice
can
improve
your
pronunciation
.
•
The
coach
suggested
a
new
strategy
to
improve
the
team's
defense
.
The
coach
suggested
a
new
strategy
to
improve
the
team's
defense
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
emprouwer
‘
to
turn
to
profit
’,
based
on
‘
em
’ (
en-
)
+
‘
prou
’ ‘
profit
’.
verb
-
improve
,
improving
,
improves
,
improved
to
become
better
•
My
Spanish
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
moved
to
Madrid
.
My
Spanish
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
moved
to
Madrid
.
•
The
weather
is
improving
,
so
we
can
go
hiking
tomorrow
.
The
weather
is
improving
,
so
we
can
go
hiking
tomorrow
.
obviously
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
clear
to
see
or
understand
•
The
answer
was
obviously
wrong
when
we
double-checked
the
calculation
.
The
answer
was
obviously
wrong
when
we
double-checked
the
calculation
.
•
It
was
obviously
raining
because
every
umbrella
in
the
hall
was
dripping
.
It
was
obviously
raining
because
every
umbrella
in
the
hall
was
dripping
.
From
obvious
+
−ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
17th
century
.
adverb
used
at
the
start
of
a
statement
to
say
that
something
is
clear
,
expected
,
or
already
known
•
Obviously
,
we
can
’
t
start
the
concert
until
the
lights
are
fixed
.
Obviously
,
we
can
’
t
start
the
concert
until
the
lights
are
fixed
.
•
You
obviously
already
know
Sara
is
moving
to
London
.
You
obviously
already
know
Sara
is
moving
to
London
.
From
obvious
+
−ly
,
used
as
a
discourse
marker
since
the
mid-19th
century
.
violence
noun
-
violence
the
use
of
physical
force
intended
to
hurt
people
or
damage
things
•
The
police
were
called
when
the
violence
at
the
stadium
got
out
of
control
.
The
police
were
called
when
the
violence
at
the
stadium
got
out
of
control
.
•
Many
movies
today
contain
scenes
of
graphic
violence
.
Many
movies
today
contain
scenes
of
graphic
violence
.
From
Latin
violentia
“
vehemence
,
impetuosity
,
unrestrained
force
,”
from
violentus
“
vehement
,
forcible
.”
noun
-
violence
extreme
,
destructive
force
or
intensity
shown
by
nature
,
an
action
,
or
an
emotion
•
The
hurricane
struck
the
coast
with
terrifying
violence
.
The
hurricane
struck
the
coast
with
terrifying
violence
.
•
She
was
surprised
by
the
violence
of
her
own
anger
.
She
was
surprised
by
the
violence
of
her
own
anger
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
violentia
meaning
great
force
or
vehemence
.
noun
-
violence
an
action
that
severely
damages
,
distorts
,
or
violates
something
abstract
such
as
a
text
,
idea
,
or
tradition
•
To
shorten
the
novel
for
children
would
do
violence
to
its
complex
themes
.
To
shorten
the
novel
for
children
would
do
violence
to
its
complex
themes
.
•
The
professor
argued
that
misquoting
the
speech
was
a
kind
of
violence
against
history
.
The
professor
argued
that
misquoting
the
speech
was
a
kind
of
violence
against
history
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
earlier
sense
of
physical
force
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
civil
adjective
polite
and
respectful
in
words
and
behaviour
•
Please
remain
civil
during
the
debate
so
everyone
can
be
heard
.
Please
remain
civil
during
the
debate
so
everyone
can
be
heard
.
•
Even
when
customers
grew
angry
,
the
receptionist
stayed
civil
and
helpful
.
Even
when
customers
grew
angry
,
the
receptionist
stayed
civil
and
helpful
.
adjective
connected
with
ordinary
citizens
or
public
life
,
especially
as
separate
from
the
military
,
police
,
or
church
•
After
ten
years
in
the
army
,
he
struggled
to
adjust
to
civil
life
.
After
ten
years
in
the
army
,
he
struggled
to
adjust
to
civil
life
.
•
The
government
promised
better
pay
for
civil
servants
.
The
government
promised
better
pay
for
civil
servants
.
adjective
relating
to
private
legal
matters
between
people
or
organisations
rather
than
crimes
•
She
brought
a
civil
lawsuit
against
her
former
employer
for
unfair
dismissal
.
She
brought
a
civil
lawsuit
against
her
former
employer
for
unfair
dismissal
.
•
The
dispute
will
be
settled
in
civil
court
,
not
criminal
court
.
The
dispute
will
be
settled
in
civil
court
,
not
criminal
court
.
adjective
occurring
between
citizens
of
the
same
country
rather
than
between
different
countries
•
Historians
still
study
the
American
Civil
War
to
understand
its
causes
.
Historians
still
study
the
American
Civil
War
to
understand
its
causes
.
•
The
nation
slipped
into
civil
conflict
after
the
disputed
election
.
The
nation
slipped
into
civil
conflict
after
the
disputed
election
.
survive
verb
-
survive
,
surviving
,
survives
,
survived
to
remain
alive
after
a
dangerous
or
life-threatening
event
•
After
the
shipwreck
,
only
a
few
sailors
survived
.
After
the
shipwreck
,
only
a
few
sailors
survived
.
•
The
delicate
plant
somehow
survived
the
harsh
winter
.
The
delicate
plant
somehow
survived
the
harsh
winter
.
verb
-
survive
,
surviving
,
survives
,
survived
to
continue
to
live
after
being
affected
by
something
dangerous
such
as
an
accident
,
illness
,
or
crisis
•
She
miraculously
survived
the
car
crash
without
a
scratch
.
She
miraculously
survived
the
car
crash
without
a
scratch
.
•
The
company
survived
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
.
The
company
survived
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
.
verb
-
survive
,
surviving
,
survives
,
survived
to
continue
to
exist
or
be
used
,
especially
for
a
long
time
•
Ancient
customs
still
survive
in
the
mountain
villages
.
Ancient
customs
still
survive
in
the
mountain
villages
.
•
Only
a
few
original
pages
survive
from
the
medieval
manuscript
.
Only
a
few
original
pages
survive
from
the
medieval
manuscript
.
observe
verb
-
observe
,
observing
,
observes
,
observed
to
watch
or
notice
something
carefully
using
your
eyes
or
other
senses
•
The
scientist
observed
the
ants
carrying
leaves
back
to
their
nest
through
a
magnifying
glass
.
The
scientist
observed
the
ants
carrying
leaves
back
to
their
nest
through
a
magnifying
glass
.
•
From
the
hilltop
,
we
observed
the
city
lights
flicker
on
as
dusk
settled
.
From
the
hilltop
,
we
observed
the
city
lights
flicker
on
as
dusk
settled
.
From
Latin
observāre
“
to
watch
,
heed
,
guard
,”
formed
from
ob-
“
over
”
+
servāre
“
to
keep
,
preserve
.”
verb
-
observe
,
observing
,
observes
,
observed
to
state
something
as
a
comment
or
remark
,
especially
in
a
formal
way
•
“
This
data
trend
is
worrying
,”
the
analyst
observed
during
the
meeting
.
“
This
data
trend
is
worrying
,”
the
analyst
observed
during
the
meeting
.
•
The
judge
observed
that
the
witness
seemed
nervous
while
giving
testimony
.
The
judge
observed
that
the
witness
seemed
nervous
while
giving
testimony
.
verb
-
observe
,
observing
,
observes
,
observed
to
follow
or
obey
a
rule
,
law
,
or
custom
•
Everyone
must
observe
the
speed
limit
in
the
school
zone
.
Everyone
must
observe
the
speed
limit
in
the
school
zone
.
•
Laboratory
staff
observe
strict
safety
procedures
at
all
times
.
Laboratory
staff
observe
strict
safety
procedures
at
all
times
.
verb
-
observe
,
observing
,
observes
,
observed
to
celebrate
or
mark
an
important
day
,
event
,
or
tradition
•
Many
countries
observe
Independence
Day
with
fireworks
and
parades
.
Many
countries
observe
Independence
Day
with
fireworks
and
parades
.
•
Our
family
always
observes
Lunar
New
Year
by
sharing
a
big
dinner
.
Our
family
always
observes
Lunar
New
Year
by
sharing
a
big
dinner
.
heavy
adjective
-
heavy
,
heavier
,
heaviest
weighing
a
lot
and
therefore
hard
to
lift
,
move
,
or
carry
.
•
The
box
was
too
heavy
for
Mia
to
lift
alone
.
The
box
was
too
heavy
for
Mia
to
lift
alone
.
•
After
the
storm
,
workers
removed
the
heavy
branches
from
the
road
.
After
the
storm
,
workers
removed
the
heavy
branches
from
the
road
.
adjective
-
heavy
,
heavier
,
heaviest
large
in
amount
,
intensity
,
or
seriousness
.
•
A
heavy
rain
began
to
pound
on
the
roof
,
drowning
out
their
conversation
.
A
heavy
rain
began
to
pound
on
the
roof
,
drowning
out
their
conversation
.
•
The
judge
gave
the
thief
a
heavy
sentence
for
the
crime
.
The
judge
gave
the
thief
a
heavy
sentence
for
the
crime
.
noun
-
heavy
,
heavies
a
strong
,
aggressive
person
,
especially
one
employed
to
intimidate
or
the
main
villain
in
a
story
or
film
.
•
In
the
action
movie
,
the
main
heavy
wore
a
black
leather
coat
and
dark
sunglasses
.
In
the
action
movie
,
the
main
heavy
wore
a
black
leather
coat
and
dark
sunglasses
.
•
The
club
hired
a
heavy
to
stand
by
the
door
and
check
IDs
.
The
club
hired
a
heavy
to
stand
by
the
door
and
check
IDs
.
device
noun
a
small
machine
or
piece
of
electronic
equipment
made
for
a
particular
job
,
such
as
calling
people
,
taking
photos
,
or
measuring
something
•
Mia
took
a
photo
of
the
sunset
with
her
new
device
.
Mia
took
a
photo
of
the
sunset
with
her
new
device
.
•
Please
switch
off
every
device
before
the
airplane
takes
off
.
Please
switch
off
every
device
before
the
airplane
takes
off
.
From
Old
French
'devis'
,
meaning
arrangement
or
invention
,
later
developing
in
English
to
mean
an
engineered
object
.
noun
a
clever
plan
,
trick
,
or
method
used
to
achieve
a
particular
result
•
The
cliff-hanger
was
a
storytelling
device
to
make
viewers
watch
the
next
episode
.
The
cliff-hanger
was
a
storytelling
device
to
make
viewers
watch
the
next
episode
.
•
The
extra
fee
was
only
a
clever
device
to
make
customers
spend
more
.
The
extra
fee
was
only
a
clever
device
to
make
customers
spend
more
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
something
"
devised
"—
an
invented
plan
.
noun
an
object
made
to
explode
,
such
as
a
bomb
•
The
police
safely
removed
the
explosive
device
from
the
station
.
The
police
safely
removed
the
explosive
device
from
the
station
.
•
An
improvised
device
detonated
near
the
convoy
but
caused
no
injuries
.
An
improvised
device
detonated
near
the
convoy
but
caused
no
injuries
.
Technical
military
use
arose
in
the
20th
century
meaning
a
mechanism
meant
to
explode
.
noun
a
decorative
emblem
,
symbol
,
or
design
,
especially
one
used
on
a
coat
of
arms
or
flag
•
The
royal
banner
bears
a
golden
lion
device
in
the
center
.
The
royal
banner
bears
a
golden
lion
device
in
the
center
.
•
Each
knight
painted
his
personal
device
on
his
shield
.
Each
knight
painted
his
personal
device
on
his
shield
.
In
heraldry
,
a
"
device
"
was
an
emblem
that
identified
a
person
or
family
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
particular
technique
or
pattern
used
in
literature
,
art
,
or
music
to
achieve
a
specific
effect
•
Foreshadowing
is
a
narrative
device
that
hints
at
future
events
.
Foreshadowing
is
a
narrative
device
that
hints
at
future
events
.
•
The
artist
used
repetition
as
a
visual
device
to
create
rhythm
.
The
artist
used
repetition
as
a
visual
device
to
create
rhythm
.
Borrowed
into
criticism
from
the
general
sense
of
something
invented
;
first
used
of
artistic
techniques
in
the
18th
century
.
achieve
verb
-
achieve
,
achieving
,
achieves
,
achieved
to
successfully
do
or
obtain
something
after
working
hard
•
After
months
of
training
,
she
achieved
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
she
achieved
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
•
The
underdog
basketball
team
achieved
victory
in
the
final
seconds
of
the
game
.
The
underdog
basketball
team
achieved
victory
in
the
final
seconds
of
the
game
.
Middle
English
‘
acheven
’,
from
Old
French
‘
achever
’
meaning
‘
to
come
to
a
head
,
bring
to
completion
’.
verb
-
achieve
,
achieving
,
achieves
,
achieved
to
reach
a
particular
level
,
amount
,
or
standard
•
The
new
electric
car
achieves
a
range
of
400
kilometers
on
a
single
charge
.
The
new
electric
car
achieves
a
range
of
400
kilometers
on
a
single
charge
.
•
Our
school
hopes
to
achieve
a
100%
graduation
rate
this
year
.
Our
school
hopes
to
achieve
a
100%
graduation
rate
this
year
.
Middle
English
‘
acheven
’,
from
Old
French
‘
achever
’.
The
sense
of
reaching
a
level
developed
in
the
1700s
relating
to
numerical
or
measurable
goals
.
environmental
adjective
connected
with
the
natural
world
and
how
human
activities
affect
it
•
The
city
launched
an
environmental
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
The
city
launched
an
environmental
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
•
Many
students
joined
the
school
’
s
environmental
club
to
plant
trees
around
campus
.
Many
students
joined
the
school
’
s
environmental
club
to
plant
trees
around
campus
.
Formed
from
environment
+
-al
in
the
late
19th
century
to
describe
matters
concerning
the
natural
surroundings
.
adjective
relating
to
the
physical
or
social
surroundings
that
influence
how
someone
or
something
behaves
or
develops
•
Good
lighting
is
an
environmental
factor
that
affects
productivity
.
Good
lighting
is
an
environmental
factor
that
affects
productivity
.
•
The
study
looked
at
the
environmental
risks
in
the
workplace
.
The
study
looked
at
the
environmental
risks
in
the
workplace
.
Extension
of
sense
from
the
natural
world
to
any
set
of
surrounding
conditions
in
early
20th
century
academic
writing
.
involved
verb
-
involve
,
involving
,
involves
,
involved
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
involve
:
included
or
made
part
of
something
•
The
accident
involved
two
cars
and
a
bicycle
.
The
accident
involved
two
cars
and
a
bicycle
.
•
Her
plan
involved
gathering
data
from
several
schools
.
Her
plan
involved
gathering
data
from
several
schools
.
previous
adjective
happening
,
coming
,
or
existing
before
the
one
being
talked
about
or
before
now
•
I
couldn't
find
the
book
,
so
I
checked
the
previous
day's
notes
.
I
couldn't
find
the
book
,
so
I
checked
the
previous
day's
notes
.
•
Her
previous
job
was
in
marketing
,
and
she
learned
a
lot
there
.
Her
previous
job
was
in
marketing
,
and
she
learned
a
lot
there
.
From
Latin
praevius
“
going
before
” (
prae
“
before
”
+
via
“
way
”)
plus
the
English
adjective
suffix
-ous
.
noun
informal
word
for
someone
’
s
earlier
criminal
convictions
•
The
suspect
had
previous
,
so
the
police
questioned
him
carefully
.
The
suspect
had
previous
,
so
the
police
questioned
him
carefully
.
•
Because
he
had
no
previous
,
the
judge
gave
him
a
lighter
sentence
.
Because
he
had
no
previous
,
the
judge
gave
him
a
lighter
sentence
.
Originally
police
slang
from
the
phrase
“
previous
convictions
,”
shortened
in
British
English
during
the
mid-20th
century
.
adjective
acting
before
the
right
time
or
in
an
overly
forward
way
;
premature
•
Isn't
it
a
bit
previous
to
talk
about
holidays
when
we
haven't
even
finished
this
project
?
Isn't
it
a
bit
previous
to
talk
about
holidays
when
we
haven't
even
finished
this
project
?
•
You're
being
previous
—
let's
wait
for
confirmation
before
we
celebrate
.
You're
being
previous
—
let's
wait
for
confirmation
before
we
celebrate
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
“
before
”
to
mean
“
too
soon
,”
first
recorded
in
British
colloquial
speech
in
the
late
19th
century
.
vision
noun
-
vision
the
natural
ability
to
see
with
your
eyes
•
After
the
surgery
,
her
vision
improved
a
lot
.
After
the
surgery
,
her
vision
improved
a
lot
.
•
Owls
have
excellent
night
vision
that
helps
them
hunt
in
the
dark
.
Owls
have
excellent
night
vision
that
helps
them
hunt
in
the
dark
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
visio
“
a
sight
”
from
videre
“
to
see
”.
noun
a
clear
idea
or
mental
picture
of
what
you
want
something
to
become
in
the
future
•
The
new
CEO
shared
his
vision
for
the
company
’
s
growth
.
The
new
CEO
shared
his
vision
for
the
company
’
s
growth
.
•
The
architect
’
s
bold
vision
turned
an
empty
lot
into
a
green
park
.
The
architect
’
s
bold
vision
turned
an
empty
lot
into
a
green
park
.
Extended
figurative
sense
of
“
vision
”
meaning
“
ability
to
plan
the
future
”
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
strange
or
magical
image
,
dream
,
or
experience
that
seems
to
come
from
another
world
•
The
prophet
spoke
of
a
vision
he
had
of
peace
.
The
prophet
spoke
of
a
vision
he
had
of
peace
.
•
In
her
dream
,
a
bright
vision
of
her
grandmother
comforted
her
.
In
her
dream
,
a
bright
vision
of
her
grandmother
comforted
her
.
Sense
of
“
supernatural
sight
”
recorded
in
English
since
the
13th
century
,
influenced
by
Biblical
Latin
visio
.
negative
adjective
-
negative
,
negativing
,
negatives
,
negatived
describing
something
bad
,
harmful
,
or
not
hopeful
•
After
reading
the
negative
reviews
,
we
chose
a
different
restaurant
.
After
reading
the
negative
reviews
,
we
chose
a
different
restaurant
.
•
His
negative
attitude
made
it
hard
to
enjoy
the
trip
.
His
negative
attitude
made
it
hard
to
enjoy
the
trip
.
From
Latin
negativus
,
from
negare
“
to
deny
.”
adjective
-
negative
,
negativing
,
negatives
,
negatived
being
smaller
than
zero
in
value
•
On
the
number
line
,
minus
five
is
a
negative
number
.
On
the
number
line
,
minus
five
is
a
negative
number
.
•
The
company
reported
negative
profits
last
quarter
.
The
company
reported
negative
profits
last
quarter
.
Applied
to
numbers
in
the
18th
century
as
mathematics
developed
symbols
for
quantities
less
than
zero
.
adjective
-
negative
,
negativing
,
negatives
,
negatived
showing
that
something
is
not
present
,
especially
in
a
test
or
check
•
Her
COVID-19
test
came
back
negative
.
Her
COVID-19
test
came
back
negative
.
•
The
soil
sample
was
negative
for
dangerous
chemicals
.
The
soil
sample
was
negative
for
dangerous
chemicals
.
Specialized
medical
use
developed
in
the
early
20th
century
with
the
rise
of
laboratory
testing
.
noun
-
negative
,
negativing
,
negatives
,
negatived
a
piece
of
photographic
film
that
shows
light
areas
as
dark
and
is
used
to
make
printed
photos
•
The
photographer
carefully
stored
each
negative
in
a
protective
sleeve
.
The
photographer
carefully
stored
each
negative
in
a
protective
sleeve
.
•
We
reprinted
our
grandparents
’
wedding
photo
from
an
old
negative
.
We
reprinted
our
grandparents
’
wedding
photo
from
an
old
negative
.
First
used
in
photography
in
the
1830s
when
early
cameras
produced
reversed
light-dark
images
on
sensitized
material
.
noun
-
negative
,
negativing
,
negatives
,
negatived
a
word
,
vote
,
or
statement
that
means
refusal
or
disagreement
•
When
asked
to
join
the
project
,
he
gave
a
firm
negative
.
When
asked
to
join
the
project
,
he
gave
a
firm
negative
.
•
The
committee
recorded
three
negatives
and
seven
positives
.
The
committee
recorded
three
negatives
and
seven
positives
.
Sense
of
“
word
of
denial
”
dates
back
to
Middle
English
,
following
Latin
negativum
‘
denial
.’
division
noun
the
act
of
separating
something
into
parts
or
the
state
of
being
separated
•
The
division
of
the
cake
into
equal
slices
made
everyone
happy
.
The
division
of
the
cake
into
equal
slices
made
everyone
happy
.
•
Mapmakers
rely
on
the
careful
division
of
land
into
regions
.
Mapmakers
rely
on
the
careful
division
of
land
into
regions
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
divisio
‘
a
dividing
’
from
dividere
‘
to
divide
’.
noun
a
separate
part
of
a
larger
organization
such
as
a
business
,
government
,
or
army
•
Maria
works
in
the
marketing
division
of
the
company
.
Maria
works
in
the
marketing
division
of
the
company
.
•
The
army
division
arrived
at
the
base
before
dawn
.
The
army
division
arrived
at
the
base
before
dawn
.
noun
disagreement
or
lack
of
unity
among
people
or
groups
•
Political
division
can
make
it
hard
for
laws
to
pass
.
Political
division
can
make
it
hard
for
laws
to
pass
.
•
There
was
a
clear
division
between
the
two
groups
of
friends
.
There
was
a
clear
division
between
the
two
groups
of
friends
.
noun
the
mathematical
operation
of
finding
how
many
times
one
number
is
contained
in
another
•
In
math
class
,
we
practiced
long
division
on
the
board
.
In
math
class
,
we
practiced
long
division
on
the
board
.
•
Children
learn
division
after
they
understand
multiplication
.
Children
learn
division
after
they
understand
multiplication
.
advice
noun
-
advice
helpful
words
or
suggestions
telling
someone
what
they
should
do
•
Emma
asked
her
older
sister
for
advice
on
what
to
wear
to
the
interview
.
Emma
asked
her
older
sister
for
advice
on
what
to
wear
to
the
interview
.
•
Before
buying
a
house
,
Mark
sought
advice
from
friends
who
had
already
become
homeowners
.
Before
buying
a
house
,
Mark
sought
advice
from
friends
who
had
already
become
homeowners
.
From
Old
French
‘
avis
’ (
opinion
),
based
on
Latin
‘
ad
’ (
to
)
+
‘
visum
’ (
view
).
noun
-
advice
a
professional
or
official
opinion
or
recommendation
given
by
an
expert
,
such
as
a
lawyer
,
doctor
,
or
consultant
•
The
startup
hired
a
lawyer
for
legal
advice
about
patenting
their
product
.
The
startup
hired
a
lawyer
for
legal
advice
about
patenting
their
product
.
•
After
the
market
crash
,
investors
waited
eagerly
for
the
bank
’
s
official
advice
.
After
the
market
crash
,
investors
waited
eagerly
for
the
bank
’
s
official
advice
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
,
but
came
to
be
used
in
professional
contexts
during
the
18th
century
.
victory
noun
-
victory
,
victories
success
in
a
competition
,
battle
,
game
,
or
struggle
•
The
home
team
celebrated
their
victory
with
confetti
and
cheers
.
The
home
team
celebrated
their
victory
with
confetti
and
cheers
.
•
Patience
and
practice
were
the
keys
to
victory
in
the
chess
tournament
.
Patience
and
practice
were
the
keys
to
victory
in
the
chess
tournament
.
from
Latin
victoria
“
conquest
,
success
,”
related
to
vincere
“
to
conquer
”
interjection
an
exclamation
shouted
when
you
win
or
succeed
•
When
the
final
puzzle
piece
clicked
into
place
,
he
threw
his
arms
up
and
shouted
, "
Victory
!"
When
the
final
puzzle
piece
clicked
into
place
,
he
threw
his
arms
up
and
shouted
, "
Victory
!"
•
"
Victory
!"
the
young
woman
exclaimed
as
she
crossed
the
finish
line
ahead
of
everyone
else
.
"
Victory
!"
the
young
woman
exclaimed
as
she
crossed
the
finish
line
ahead
of
everyone
else
.
same
origin
as
the
noun
;
used
as
a
shout
of
triumph
since
the
18th
century
wave
verb
-
wave
,
waving
,
waves
,
waved
to
move
your
hand
from
side
to
side
to
greet
,
say
goodbye
,
or
get
someone's
attention
•
She
waved
to
her
friend
across
the
street
.
She
waved
to
her
friend
across
the
street
.
•
The
driver
waves
at
the
security
guard
before
entering
the
gate
.
The
driver
waves
at
the
security
guard
before
entering
the
gate
.
living
adjective
alive
;
breathing
or
growing
,
not
dead
•
They
found
a
living
turtle
on
the
beach
after
the
storm
.
They
found
a
living
turtle
on
the
beach
after
the
storm
.
•
The
gardener
was
happy
to
see
that
the
old
tree
was
still
living
.
The
gardener
was
happy
to
see
that
the
old
tree
was
still
living
.
verb
-
live
,
living
,
lives
,
lived
present
participle
of
live
:
continuing
one
’
s
life
or
residing
in
a
place
•
She
is
living
with
her
grandparents
this
summer
.
She
is
living
with
her
grandparents
this
summer
.
•
Many
people
dream
of
living
by
the
sea
.
Many
people
dream
of
living
by
the
sea
.
noun
the
money
,
job
,
or
work
someone
needs
in
order
to
live
;
a
way
of
earning
one
’
s
income
•
Fishing
is
the
main
living
for
many
people
in
the
village
.
Fishing
is
the
main
living
for
many
people
in
the
village
.
•
She
makes
a
living
as
a
freelance
writer
.
She
makes
a
living
as
a
freelance
writer
.
adjective
continuing
to
exist
or
operate
now
;
still
active
•
Latin
is
no
longer
a
living
language
.
Latin
is
no
longer
a
living
language
.
•
The
city
’
s
old
market
is
a
living
tradition
.
The
city
’
s
old
market
is
a
living
tradition
.
noun
people
who
are
alive
,
as
opposed
to
those
who
have
died
•
We
honor
the
dead
and
support
the
living
.
We
honor
the
dead
and
support
the
living
.
•
The
rescue
team's
first
priority
is
to
save
the
living
.
The
rescue
team's
first
priority
is
to
save
the
living
.
drive
verb
-
drive
,
driving
,
drives
,
drove
,
driven
to
operate
and
control
a
car
or
other
vehicle
•
After
getting
his
license
,
Jake
loved
to
drive
along
the
ocean
road
at
sunset
.
After
getting
his
license
,
Jake
loved
to
drive
along
the
ocean
road
at
sunset
.
•
“
Could
you
drive
me
to
the
airport
at
dawn
?”
Maria
asked
her
brother
.
“
Could
you
drive
me
to
the
airport
at
dawn
?”
Maria
asked
her
brother
.
Old
English
drīfan
,
meaning
‘
to
push
forward
,
urge
,
or
impel
’.
verb
-
drive
,
driving
,
drives
,
drove
,
driven
to
strongly
cause
someone
to
feel
or
do
something
•
Loud
construction
noise
can
drive
me
crazy
when
I
’
m
trying
to
study
.
Loud
construction
noise
can
drive
me
crazy
when
I
’
m
trying
to
study
.
•
The
coach
’
s
passion
drove
the
team
to
practice
harder
every
day
.
The
coach
’
s
passion
drove
the
team
to
practice
harder
every
day
.
verb
-
drive
,
driving
,
drives
,
drove
,
driven
to
push
or
force
something
into
another
material
•
The
carpenter
used
a
hammer
to
drive
the
nail
into
the
wooden
beam
.
The
carpenter
used
a
hammer
to
drive
the
nail
into
the
wooden
beam
.
•
During
the
storm
,
waves
drove
debris
against
the
seawall
.
During
the
storm
,
waves
drove
debris
against
the
seawall
.
obvious
adjective
easy
to
notice
,
understand
,
or
recognize
because
it
is
clear
and
plain
•
It
was
obvious
that
Maria
was
excited
from
the
huge
smile
on
her
face
.
It
was
obvious
that
Maria
was
excited
from
the
huge
smile
on
her
face
.
•
The
answer
seems
obvious
once
you
know
the
trick
.
The
answer
seems
obvious
once
you
know
the
trick
.
From
Latin
“
obvius
”
meaning
“
in
the
way
,
evident
,
obvious
.”
adjective
too
plain
or
predictable
,
lacking
originality
or
subtlety
•
The
movie's
ending
was
so
obvious
that
everyone
guessed
it
in
the
first
ten
minutes
.
The
movie's
ending
was
so
obvious
that
everyone
guessed
it
in
the
first
ten
minutes
.
•
He
tried
to
surprise
her
,
but
his
plan
was
too
obvious
to
fool
anyone
.
He
tried
to
surprise
her
,
but
his
plan
was
too
obvious
to
fool
anyone
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
to
describe
things
so
clear
they
become
dull
or
uncreative
.
invite
verb
-
invite
,
inviting
,
invites
,
invited
to
politely
ask
someone
to
go
somewhere
or
take
part
in
something
•
I
invited
all
my
friends
to
my
birthday
party
.
I
invited
all
my
friends
to
my
birthday
party
.
•
They
are
inviting
us
over
for
dinner
tomorrow
night
.
They
are
inviting
us
over
for
dinner
tomorrow
night
.
From
Latin
invitare
“
to
entertain
,
treat
,
summon
.”
noun
an
invitation
,
especially
an
informal
or
electronic
one
•
Did
you
get
Sarah's
invite
to
the
barbecue
?
Did
you
get
Sarah's
invite
to
the
barbecue
?
•
Check
your
email
—
I've
sent
the
Zoom
invite
.
Check
your
email
—
I've
sent
the
Zoom
invite
.
verb
-
invite
,
inviting
,
invites
,
invited
to
formally
request
or
encourage
someone
to
do
something
•
The
company
invites
applications
from
recent
graduates
.
The
company
invites
applications
from
recent
graduates
.
•
We
invite
you
to
submit
your
feedback
by
email
.
We
invite
you
to
submit
your
feedback
by
email
.
verb
-
invite
,
inviting
,
invites
,
invited
to
cause
something
,
especially
a
problem
or
danger
,
to
be
more
likely
to
happen
•
Leaving
the
gate
open
invites
trouble
.
Leaving
the
gate
open
invites
trouble
.
•
His
reckless
driving
invited
disaster
.
His
reckless
driving
invited
disaster
.
village
noun
a
small
group
of
houses
and
other
buildings
in
the
countryside
,
larger
than
a
hamlet
but
smaller
than
a
town
,
together
with
the
surrounding
area
•
They
moved
from
the
crowded
city
to
a
quiet
village
surrounded
by
fields
.
They
moved
from
the
crowded
city
to
a
quiet
village
surrounded
by
fields
.
•
The
village
lies
on
the
riverbank
,
just
five
miles
from
the
town
.
The
village
lies
on
the
riverbank
,
just
five
miles
from
the
town
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
village
,
from
Latin
villaticus
relating
to
a
country
house
(
villa
).
noun
the
people
who
live
in
a
village
considered
as
a
community
•
The
whole
village
gathered
in
the
square
for
the
festival
.
The
whole
village
gathered
in
the
square
for
the
festival
.
•
When
the
storm
hit
,
the
village
came
together
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge
.
When
the
storm
hit
,
the
village
came
together
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge
.
noun
a
small
self-contained
district
inside
a
larger
city
,
resort
,
or
campus
that
has
its
own
housing
and
facilities
•
The
athletes
stayed
in
the
Olympic
village
during
the
games
.
The
athletes
stayed
in
the
Olympic
village
during
the
games
.
•
There's
a
new
shopping
village
just
off
the
highway
.
There's
a
new
shopping
village
just
off
the
highway
.
visit
verb
to
go
to
see
a
person
or
place
for
a
short
time
•
Every
summer
we
visit
our
grandparents
in
the
countryside
.
Every
summer
we
visit
our
grandparents
in
the
countryside
.
•
Tourists
from
around
the
world
visit
London
to
see
Big
Ben
.
Tourists
from
around
the
world
visit
London
to
see
Big
Ben
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
visiter
,
from
Latin
visitare
“
to
go
to
see
,
frequent
a
place
.”
noun
an
occasion
when
someone
goes
to
see
a
person
or
place
•
We
had
a
short
visit
to
the
beach
after
work
.
We
had
a
short
visit
to
the
beach
after
work
.
•
My
doctor
scheduled
a
follow-up
visit
next
month
.
My
doctor
scheduled
a
follow-up
visit
next
month
.
verb
to
open
or
look
at
a
website
or
page
on
the
internet
•
Millions
of
users
visit
the
news
site
every
day
to
read
updates
.
Millions
of
users
visit
the
news
site
every
day
to
read
updates
.
•
Remember
to
visit
our
company
’
s
webpage
for
the
latest
job
openings
.
Remember
to
visit
our
company
’
s
webpage
for
the
latest
job
openings
.
verb
to
cause
something
unpleasant
to
happen
to
someone
as
punishment
or
retribution
(
usually
used
with
“
on/upon
”)
•
The
ancient
myth
says
the
gods
visited
plagues
upon
the
arrogant
king
.
The
ancient
myth
says
the
gods
visited
plagues
upon
the
arrogant
king
.
•
They
feared
nature
would
visit
its
wrath
on
those
who
polluted
the
river
.
They
feared
nature
would
visit
its
wrath
on
those
who
polluted
the
river
.
deserve
verb
-
deserve
,
deserving
,
deserves
,
deserved
to
have
earned
something
,
good
or
bad
,
because
of
what
you
have
done
or
what
you
are
like
•
After
studying
hard
all
year
,
Maya
felt
she
deserved
a
break
.
After
studying
hard
all
year
,
Maya
felt
she
deserved
a
break
.
•
That
player
deserves
the
trophy
for
his
excellent
performance
.
That
player
deserves
the
trophy
for
his
excellent
performance
.
solve
verb
-
solve
,
solving
,
solves
,
solved
to
find
the
correct
answer
or
explanation
for
a
problem
,
puzzle
,
or
difficult
situation
•
The
detective
finally
solved
the
mystery
and
arrested
the
thief
.
The
detective
finally
solved
the
mystery
and
arrested
the
thief
.
•
After
hours
of
thinking
,
Nina
solved
the
tricky
crossword
puzzle
.
After
hours
of
thinking
,
Nina
solved
the
tricky
crossword
puzzle
.
from
Latin
solvere
“
loosen
,
untie
,
solve
”
verb
-
solve
,
solving
,
solves
,
solved
to
calculate
the
value
of
an
unknown
in
an
equation
or
formula
so
that
the
statement
becomes
true
•
In
algebra
class
,
Sam
solved
for
x
and
wrote
the
answer
on
the
screen
.
In
algebra
class
,
Sam
solved
for
x
and
wrote
the
answer
on
the
screen
.
•
The
software
instantly
solves
complex
equations
that
would
take
hours
by
hand
.
The
software
instantly
solves
complex
equations
that
would
take
hours
by
hand
.
specialized
use
of
the
general
verb
“
solve
”
in
mathematics
since
the
17th
century
via
preposition
by
means
of
or
using
a
particular
person
,
system
,
or
method
•
Please
send
the
photos
to
me
via
email
.
Please
send
the
photos
to
me
via
email
.
•
The
students
attended
the
lecture
via
a
live
video
stream
.
The
students
attended
the
lecture
via
a
live
video
stream
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
18th
century
from
Latin
via
“
road
,
way
”.
Originally
meant
“
by
way
of
(
a
route
)”,
later
extended
to
methods
of
communication
.
preposition
passing
through
or
by
way
of
a
particular
place
on
a
journey
to
somewhere
else
•
We
flew
to
Sydney
via
Singapore
.
We
flew
to
Sydney
via
Singapore
.
•
The
train
to
Rome
goes
via
Florence
.
The
train
to
Rome
goes
via
Florence
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
other
sense
:
Latin
via
“
road
”.
The
travel-route
meaning
is
the
earliest
in
English
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
1700s
.
live
verb
-
live
,
living
,
lives
,
lived
to
have
your
home
in
a
particular
place
•
They
live
in
a
small
cottage
by
the
lake
.
They
live
in
a
small
cottage
by
the
lake
.
•
My
grandparents
have
lived
in
this
village
for
sixty
years
.
My
grandparents
have
lived
in
this
village
for
sixty
years
.
Old
English
libban
,
lēofian
“
to
remain
,
be
alive
,
dwell
”,
related
to
German
leben
.
verb
-
live
,
living
,
lives
,
lived
to
continue
to
be
alive
•
Doctors
worked
hard
to
help
the
injured
man
live
.
Doctors
worked
hard
to
help
the
injured
man
live
.
•
Some
turtles
can
live
for
over
100
years
.
Some
turtles
can
live
for
over
100
years
.
verb
-
live
,
living
,
lives
,
lived
to
experience
life
in
a
particular
way
•
She
wants
to
live
a
happy
,
meaningful
life
.
She
wants
to
live
a
happy
,
meaningful
life
.
•
Many
people
dream
of
living
without
regrets
.
Many
people
dream
of
living
without
regrets
.
review
noun
the
act
of
carefully
looking
at
something
again
to
check
facts
,
quality
,
or
progress
•
After
finishing
her
essay
,
Mia
did
a
quick
review
before
turning
it
in
.
After
finishing
her
essay
,
Mia
did
a
quick
review
before
turning
it
in
.
•
The
project
is
under
review
by
the
committee
this
week
.
The
project
is
under
review
by
the
committee
this
week
.
From
Middle
French
‘
reveue
’,
a
looking
back
,
from
‘
revue
’
past
participle
of
‘
revoir
’ “
to
see
again
”.
noun
a
report
that
gives
an
opinion
about
a
book
,
movie
,
product
,
or
performance
•
Liam
read
a
glowing
review
of
the
new
superhero
movie
online
.
Liam
read
a
glowing
review
of
the
new
superhero
movie
online
.
•
The
restaurant
framed
its
first
newspaper
review
on
the
wall
.
The
restaurant
framed
its
first
newspaper
review
on
the
wall
.
verb
-
review
,
reviewing
,
reviews
,
reviewed
to
look
at
or
examine
something
again
to
understand
it
better
or
find
mistakes
•
Please
review
your
notes
before
the
quiz
.
Please
review
your
notes
before
the
quiz
.
•
The
lawyer
asked
to
review
the
contract
carefully
.
The
lawyer
asked
to
review
the
contract
carefully
.
verb
-
review
,
reviewing
,
reviews
,
reviewed
to
write
or
give
your
opinion
about
something
such
as
a
book
,
film
,
or
product
•
Maria
loves
to
review
new
video
games
on
her
channel
.
Maria
loves
to
review
new
video
games
on
her
channel
.
•
The
newspaper
hired
him
to
review
films
.
The
newspaper
hired
him
to
review
films
.
noun
a
formal
inspection
of
soldiers
or
equipment
by
a
senior
officer
•
The
general
arrived
to
conduct
a
review
of
the
troops
lined
up
on
the
parade
ground
.
The
general
arrived
to
conduct
a
review
of
the
troops
lined
up
on
the
parade
ground
.
•
Soldiers
stood
at
attention
during
the
annual
review
.
Soldiers
stood
at
attention
during
the
annual
review
.
soviet
noun
a
workers
’
or
soldiers
’
council
elected
to
represent
local
people
during
the
Russian
Revolution
and
in
the
former
Soviet
Union
•
During
the
Russian
Revolution
,
each
factory
elected
a
soviet
to
voice
workers'
demands
.
During
the
Russian
Revolution
,
each
factory
elected
a
soviet
to
voice
workers'
demands
.
•
The
city
soviet
organized
food
distribution
to
deal
with
shortages
.
The
city
soviet
organized
food
distribution
to
deal
with
shortages
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
20th
century
from
Russian
“
сове́т
” (
sovét
)
meaning
“
council
”
or
“
advice
”.
Soviet
adjective
relating
to
the
former
Soviet
Union
,
its
government
,
people
,
or
policies
•
Cold
War
textbooks
often
presented
the
Soviet
missile
program
as
a
major
threat
.
Cold
War
textbooks
often
presented
the
Soviet
missile
program
as
a
major
threat
.
•
My
grandmother
still
keeps
a
Soviet
postage
stamp
from
1961
in
her
diary
.
My
grandmother
still
keeps
a
Soviet
postage
stamp
from
1961
in
her
diary
.
Derived
from
the
name
of
the
Soviet
Union
,
officially
the
Union
of
Soviet
Socialist
Republics
(
USSR
),
established
in
1922
.
noun
a
citizen
of
the
former
Soviet
Union
•
A
young
Soviet
greeted
the
Western
reporters
with
cautious
curiosity
.
A
young
Soviet
greeted
the
Western
reporters
with
cautious
curiosity
.
•
The
athlete
was
the
first
Soviet
to
win
a
gold
medal
in
that
event
.
The
athlete
was
the
first
Soviet
to
win
a
gold
medal
in
that
event
.
From
the
national
adjective
of
the
Union
of
Soviet
Socialist
Republics
;
used
in
English
from
the
1920s
to
denote
a
person
from
the
USSR
.
previously
adverb
at
an
earlier
time
or
before
the
moment
,
situation
,
or
event
that
you
are
talking
about
•
I
had
previously
visited
Paris
,
so
I
knew
my
way
around
.
I
had
previously
visited
Paris
,
so
I
knew
my
way
around
.
•
The
building
previously
served
as
a
post
office
before
becoming
a
museum
.
The
building
previously
served
as
a
post
office
before
becoming
a
museum
.
Formed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
adjective
“
previous
”
+
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
”.
convince
verb
-
convince
,
convincing
,
convinces
,
convinced
to
make
someone
accept
that
something
is
true
or
real
•
The
scientist
presented
clear
evidence
to
convince
the
audience
that
the
theory
was
correct
.
The
scientist
presented
clear
evidence
to
convince
the
audience
that
the
theory
was
correct
.
•
Her
honest
smile
finally
convinced
him
of
her
sincerity
.
Her
honest
smile
finally
convinced
him
of
her
sincerity
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Latin
“
convincere
,”
meaning
“
to
overcome
decisively
,
prove
,”
from
com-
“
together
”
+
vincere
“
to
conquer
.”
verb
-
convince
,
convincing
,
convinces
,
convinced
to
persuade
someone
to
do
something
by
giving
good
reasons
•
I
finally
convince
my
brother
to
try
sushi
for
the
first
time
.
I
finally
convince
my
brother
to
try
sushi
for
the
first
time
.
•
The
coach
convinced
the
team
to
arrive
an
hour
early
for
extra
practice
.
The
coach
convinced
the
team
to
arrive
an
hour
early
for
extra
practice
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Latin
“
convincere
,”
meaning
“
to
overcome
decisively
,
prove
,”
from
com-
“
together
”
+
vincere
“
to
conquer
.”
visitor
noun
someone
who
goes
to
see
a
person
,
place
,
or
event
for
a
short
time
but
does
not
live
or
work
there
•
The
museum
welcomed
over
a
thousand
visitors
on
its
opening
day
.
The
museum
welcomed
over
a
thousand
visitors
on
its
opening
day
.
•
Our
grandma
is
coming
to
stay
,
so
make
sure
the
guest
room
is
tidy
for
our
visitor
.
Our
grandma
is
coming
to
stay
,
so
make
sure
the
guest
room
is
tidy
for
our
visitor
.
From
Anglo-French
visitour
,
from
Old
French
visiteor
,
based
on
Latin
visitare
“
to
go
to
see
”.
noun
in
sports
,
the
player
or
team
that
is
competing
away
from
its
own
ground
•
The
visitors
scored
a
goal
in
the
first
five
minutes
.
The
visitors
scored
a
goal
in
the
first
five
minutes
.
•
Home
fans
cheered
when
the
visitor
missed
the
penalty
.
Home
fans
cheered
when
the
visitor
missed
the
penalty
.
Sporting
sense
recorded
since
the
late
19th
century
,
based
on
the
idea
of
a
team
visiting
another
’
s
ground
.
noun
a
person
who
opens
or
views
a
website
or
online
page
•
The
blog
attracts
hundreds
of
unique
visitors
every
day
.
The
blog
attracts
hundreds
of
unique
visitors
every
day
.
•
We
redesigned
the
homepage
so
visitors
can
find
information
faster
.
We
redesigned
the
homepage
so
visitors
can
find
information
faster
.
Sense
extended
from
physical
visitor
to
online
context
in
the
early
1990s
as
the
World
Wide
Web
grew
.
divide
verb
-
divide
,
dividing
,
divides
,
divided
to
separate
something
into
two
or
more
parts
•
We
used
a
sharp
knife
to
divide
the
cake
into
eight
slices
.
We
used
a
sharp
knife
to
divide
the
cake
into
eight
slices
.
•
The
river
divides
the
town
into
an
eastern
and
western
half
.
The
river
divides
the
town
into
an
eastern
and
western
half
.
From
Latin
"
dividere
"
meaning
"
to
separate
".
verb
-
divide
,
dividing
,
divides
,
divided
to
give
each
person
a
share
of
something
•
Mia
divided
the
candy
equally
among
her
three
friends
.
Mia
divided
the
candy
equally
among
her
three
friends
.
•
The
inheritance
was
divided
between
the
two
brothers
.
The
inheritance
was
divided
between
the
two
brothers
.
Same
origin
as
the
physical
sense
,
extended
to
sharing
.
verb
-
divide
,
dividing
,
divides
,
divided
in
mathematics
,
to
find
how
many
times
one
number
contains
another
•
If
you
divide
12
by
3
,
you
get
4
.
If
you
divide
12
by
3
,
you
get
4
.
•
He
remembered
how
to
divide
fractions
in
the
exam
.
He
remembered
how
to
divide
fractions
in
the
exam
.
Mathematical
sense
dates
to
the
14th
century
as
arithmetic
grew
in
Europe
.
verb
-
divide
,
dividing
,
divides
,
divided
to
cause
disagreement
or
separation
between
people
,
groups
,
or
ideas
•
The
controversial
law
divided
public
opinion
across
the
country
.
The
controversial
law
divided
public
opinion
across
the
country
.
•
Rumors
can
quickly
divide
close
friends
if
they
believe
them
.
Rumors
can
quickly
divide
close
friends
if
they
believe
them
.
Figurative
use
emerged
in
the
17th
century
,
applying
physical
separation
to
social
contexts
.
noun
a
clear
difference
or
separation
between
two
groups
,
ideas
,
or
levels
•
There
is
still
a
wide
divide
between
rich
and
poor
in
the
city
.
There
is
still
a
wide
divide
between
rich
and
poor
in
the
city
.
•
The
generation
divide
became
clear
when
they
discussed
technology
.
The
generation
divide
became
clear
when
they
discussed
technology
.
Figurative
noun
use
follows
the
earlier
verb
sense
of
separating
.
noun
a
high
ridge
or
line
of
land
that
separates
the
flow
of
rivers
toward
different
seas
or
basins
•
The
hikers
reached
the
continental
divide
after
three
days
of
climbing
.
The
hikers
reached
the
continental
divide
after
three
days
of
climbing
.
•
Snowmelt
on
one
side
of
the
divide
flows
to
the
Atlantic
,
while
on
the
other
it
flows
to
the
Pacific
.
Snowmelt
on
one
side
of
the
divide
flows
to
the
Atlantic
,
while
on
the
other
it
flows
to
the
Pacific
.
Specialized
noun
use
recorded
in
North
American
English
in
the
19th
century
.
approve
verb
-
approve
,
approving
,
approves
,
approved
to
officially
agree
to
or
accept
something
after
checking
or
discussing
it
•
The
city
council
voted
to
approve
the
new
playground
project
.
The
city
council
voted
to
approve
the
new
playground
project
.
•
Before
release
,
the
app
store
must
approve
every
game
submitted
by
developers
.
Before
release
,
the
app
store
must
approve
every
game
submitted
by
developers
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
aprover
’,
based
on
Latin
‘
approbare
’
meaning
‘
to
assent
to
’.
verb
-
approve
,
approving
,
approves
,
approved
to
think
that
someone
or
something
is
good
,
right
,
or
acceptable
often
expressed
as
approve
of
•
Her
parents
do
not
approve
of
her
bright
purple
hair
.
Her
parents
do
not
approve
of
her
bright
purple
hair
.
•
I
completely
approve
of
your
idea
to
plant
trees
around
the
school
.
I
completely
approve
of
your
idea
to
plant
trees
around
the
school
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
sense
:
Latin
‘
approbare
’
meaning
‘
to
consider
good
’.
violent
adjective
using
or
involving
physical
force
that
hurts
,
damages
,
or
kills
•
The
movie
was
so
violent
that
many
viewers
left
the
theater
early
.
The
movie
was
so
violent
that
many
viewers
left
the
theater
early
.
•
The
violent
protest
resulted
in
several
broken
windows
downtown
.
The
violent
protest
resulted
in
several
broken
windows
downtown
.
adjective
caused
by
or
showing
very
strong
,
destructive
physical
force
,
especially
from
nature
,
machines
,
or
explosions
•
A
violent
storm
knocked
down
trees
across
the
island
.
A
violent
storm
knocked
down
trees
across
the
island
.
•
The
rocket's
launch
produced
a
violent
blast
that
shook
the
ground
.
The
rocket's
launch
produced
a
violent
blast
that
shook
the
ground
.
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
extremely
strong
or
intense
feeling
,
action
,
or
colour
•
She
felt
a
violent
dislike
for
the
smell
of
cigarette
smoke
.
She
felt
a
violent
dislike
for
the
smell
of
cigarette
smoke
.
•
He
had
a
violent
coughing
fit
after
inhaling
the
pepper
.
He
had
a
violent
coughing
fit
after
inhaling
the
pepper
.
vice
noun
a
harmful
or
unhealthy
personal
habit
that
is
difficult
to
stop
•
Snacking
on
sweets
late
at
night
used
to
be
her
biggest
vice
.
Snacking
on
sweets
late
at
night
used
to
be
her
biggest
vice
.
•
He
gave
up
smoking
,
trading
one
vice
for
jogging
every
morning
.
He
gave
up
smoking
,
trading
one
vice
for
jogging
every
morning
.
noun
immoral
or
wicked
behaviour
in
general
•
He
tried
to
overcome
the
vice
of
lying
,
but
old
habits
were
hard
to
break
.
He
tried
to
overcome
the
vice
of
lying
,
but
old
habits
were
hard
to
break
.
•
The
novel
paints
a
picture
of
a
city
drowning
in
vice
and
corruption
.
The
novel
paints
a
picture
of
a
city
drowning
in
vice
and
corruption
.
From
Latin
vitium
“
fault
,
defect
,
crime
.”
noun
illegal
activities
such
as
prostitution
,
gambling
,
or
drug
dealing
,
treated
as
a
type
of
crime
•
The
police
launched
a
nighttime
operation
to
crack
down
on
vice
in
the
downtown
district
.
The
police
launched
a
nighttime
operation
to
crack
down
on
vice
in
the
downtown
district
.
•
She
worked
for
the
department
’
s
vice
squad
for
nearly
a
decade
.
She
worked
for
the
department
’
s
vice
squad
for
nearly
a
decade
.
noun
a
heavy
metal
tool
with
two
jaws
that
are
tightened
by
a
screw
to
hold
an
object
firmly
while
you
work
on
it
•
The
carpenter
clamped
the
wooden
block
in
a
vice
before
sawing
.
The
carpenter
clamped
the
wooden
block
in
a
vice
before
sawing
.
•
Make
sure
the
metal
piece
is
secure
in
the
vice
so
it
doesn
’
t
move
.
Make
sure
the
metal
piece
is
secure
in
the
vice
so
it
doesn
’
t
move
.
preposition
instead
of
;
in
the
place
of
(
formal
)
•
The
notice
read
, “
Smith
,
vice
Brown
,
promoted
to
senior
engineer
.”
The
notice
read
, “
Smith
,
vice
Brown
,
promoted
to
senior
engineer
.”
•
In
the
list
of
officers
,
she
was
appointed
treasurer
vice
the
retiring
member
.
In
the
list
of
officers
,
she
was
appointed
treasurer
vice
the
retiring
member
.
Directly
from
Latin
vice
meaning
“
in
place
of
.”
vise
noun
a
strong
metal
tool
with
two
jaws
tightened
by
a
screw
to
hold
something
steady
while
you
work
on
it
•
He
fixed
the
bike
pedal
by
securing
it
in
a
vise
.
He
fixed
the
bike
pedal
by
securing
it
in
a
vise
.
•
Always
wear
goggles
when
grinding
metal
held
in
a
vise
.
Always
wear
goggles
when
grinding
metal
held
in
a
vise
.
vice-
prefix
added
before
a
job
title
to
show
that
a
person
is
the
deputy
or
second-in-command
•
The
vice-president
chaired
the
meeting
in
the
CEO
’
s
absence
.
The
vice-president
chaired
the
meeting
in
the
CEO
’
s
absence
.
•
He
was
appointed
vice-captain
of
the
soccer
team
.
He
was
appointed
vice-captain
of
the
soccer
team
.
From
Latin
vice
"
in
place
of
".
saving
noun
an
amount
of
money
you
keep
or
the
reduction
in
cost
you
get
by
spending
less
•
Using
public
buses
instead
of
taxis
gave
Maria
a
saving
of
nearly
fifty
dollars
during
her
trip
.
Using
public
buses
instead
of
taxis
gave
Maria
a
saving
of
nearly
fifty
dollars
during
her
trip
.
•
There
is
a
ten-percent
saving
on
all
books
this
weekend
at
the
local
store
.
There
is
a
ten-percent
saving
on
all
books
this
weekend
at
the
local
store
.
From
Middle
English
savinge
,
formed
from
save
+
-ing
,
originally
meaning
the
act
of
preserving
and
later
the
money
kept
.
adjective
designed
to
reduce
the
amount
of
money
,
time
,
energy
,
or
other
resources
that
are
used
•
He
bought
an
energy-saving
refrigerator
for
the
kitchen
.
He
bought
an
energy-saving
refrigerator
for
the
kitchen
.
•
Time-saving
apps
help
students
focus
on
studying
.
Time-saving
apps
help
students
focus
on
studying
.
Derived
from
the
participial
adjective
sense
of
“
save
,”
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
in
compounds
like
“
labor-saving
.”
preposition
except
for
;
with
the
exception
of
•
Everyone
,
saving
Emma
,
arrived
on
time
.
Everyone
,
saving
Emma
,
arrived
on
time
.
•
The
hike
was
easy
,
saving
the
steep
final
climb
.
The
hike
was
easy
,
saving
the
steep
final
climb
.
Medieval
legal
English
used
“
saving
”
to
introduce
exceptions
;
the
sense
was
carried
into
general
formal
prose
.
noun
the
act
of
rescuing
someone
or
something
from
danger
or
loss
•
The
quick
saving
of
the
drowning
child
amazed
the
crowd
.
The
quick
saving
of
the
drowning
child
amazed
the
crowd
.
•
His
role
in
the
saving
of
historic
paintings
earned
him
an
award
.
His
role
in
the
saving
of
historic
paintings
earned
him
an
award
.
From
Old
French
‘
sauvage
’
and
Latin
‘
salvare
’,
meaning
to
make
safe
;
extended
in
English
to
the
abstract
noun
sense
of
rescue
.
visual
adjective
relating
to
seeing
or
to
the
sense
of
sight
.
•
The
museum's
visual
displays
helped
visitors
understand
ancient
life
.
The
museum's
visual
displays
helped
visitors
understand
ancient
life
.
•
Good
teachers
use
visual
aids
like
charts
and
pictures
to
explain
complex
ideas
.
Good
teachers
use
visual
aids
like
charts
and
pictures
to
explain
complex
ideas
.
From
Latin
visus
“
sight
”
+
-al
.
noun
an
image
,
diagram
,
video
,
or
other
thing
you
look
at
to
help
explain
or
decorate
something
,
often
used
in
plural
as
“
visuals
”.
•
The
singer's
concert
featured
stunning
live
visuals
on
a
giant
screen
.
The
singer's
concert
featured
stunning
live
visuals
on
a
giant
screen
.
•
Add
some
colorful
visuals
to
your
report
to
keep
readers
interested
.
Add
some
colorful
visuals
to
your
report
to
keep
readers
interested
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
of
“
visual
”,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
mid-1900s
in
advertising
and
media
jargon
.
perceive
verb
-
perceive
,
perceiving
,
perceives
,
perceived
to
notice
or
become
aware
of
something
through
your
senses
,
especially
sight
,
hearing
,
or
smell
•
From
the
kitchen
,
Ella
could
perceive
the
aroma
of
fresh
bread
.
From
the
kitchen
,
Ella
could
perceive
the
aroma
of
fresh
bread
.
•
In
the
darkness
,
the
guard
perceived
a
slight
movement
near
the
gate
.
In
the
darkness
,
the
guard
perceived
a
slight
movement
near
the
gate
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
«perceivre»
,
from
Latin
«percipere»
meaning
‘
seize
,
understand
’.
verb
-
perceive
,
perceiving
,
perceives
,
perceived
to
understand
,
think
about
,
or
interpret
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
•
Many
students
perceive
math
as
a
difficult
subject
.
Many
students
perceive
math
as
a
difficult
subject
.
•
The
artist
was
perceived
as
a
genius
by
his
peers
.
The
artist
was
perceived
as
a
genius
by
his
peers
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
«percipere»
,
through
Old
French
and
Middle
English
developments
.
slave
noun
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
a
person
who
is
legally
owned
by
someone
else
and
forced
to
work
without
pay
or
freedom
•
In
the
museum
,
a
statue
honors
the
courage
of
a
slave
who
escaped
to
freedom
.
In
the
museum
,
a
statue
honors
the
courage
of
a
slave
who
escaped
to
freedom
.
•
During
the
auction
,
families
of
slaves
were
cruelly
separated
.
During
the
auction
,
families
of
slaves
were
cruelly
separated
.
Middle
English
‘
sclave
’
via
Old
French
from
Medieval
Latin
‘
sclavus
’,
originally
meaning
‘
Slav
’,
because
many
Slavic
people
were
captured
and
sold
as
slaves
in
the
early
Middle
Ages
.
noun
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
someone
who
is
completely
controlled
by
a
habit
,
desire
,
or
influence
•
Marcus
is
a
slave
to
fashion
and
buys
every
new
trend
he
sees
online
.
Marcus
is
a
slave
to
fashion
and
buys
every
new
trend
he
sees
online
.
•
Don't
become
a
slave
to
your
smartphone
notifications
.
Don't
become
a
slave
to
your
smartphone
notifications
.
Figurative
use
from
the
literal
sense
‘
one
in
bondage
’,
attested
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
to
work
very
hard
for
a
long
time
,
especially
at
dull
or
exhausting
tasks
•
She
slaved
over
the
stove
to
prepare
the
festival
feast
.
She
slaved
over
the
stove
to
prepare
the
festival
feast
.
•
He
has
been
slaving
at
the
office
all
week
to
finish
the
project
.
He
has
been
slaving
at
the
office
all
week
to
finish
the
project
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
late
16th
century
,
originally
meaning
‘
to
be
a
slave
’;
by
the
18th
century
it
gained
the
extended
sense
of
working
very
hard
.
noun
-
slave
,
slaving
,
slaves
,
slaved
a
device
,
machine
,
or
computer
process
that
is
controlled
by
another
,
called
the
master
•
The
engineer
configured
the
sensor
as
a
slave
device
in
the
network
.
The
engineer
configured
the
sensor
as
a
slave
device
in
the
network
.
•
Each
motor
acts
as
a
slave
controlled
by
the
central
processor
.
Each
motor
acts
as
a
slave
controlled
by
the
central
processor
.
Adopted
in
engineering
and
computing
in
the
early
20th
century
,
extending
the
hierarchy
implied
by
the
human
sense
.
resolve
verb
-
resolve
,
resolving
,
resolves
,
resolved
to
find
an
answer
or
settle
a
problem
,
question
,
or
disagreement
•
The
customer
service
team
worked
quickly
to
resolve
the
complaint
.
The
customer
service
team
worked
quickly
to
resolve
the
complaint
.
•
A
mediator
helped
the
two
neighbors
resolve
their
argument
about
the
fence
line
.
A
mediator
helped
the
two
neighbors
resolve
their
argument
about
the
fence
line
.
From
Latin
resolvere
“
to
loosen
,
untie
,
solve
,”
from
re-
“
again
”
+
solvere
“
to
loosen
.”
verb
-
resolve
,
resolving
,
resolves
,
resolved
to
decide
firmly
and
seriously
to
do
something
•
At
the
start
of
the
new
year
,
Maria
resolved
to
exercise
three
times
a
week
.
At
the
start
of
the
new
year
,
Maria
resolved
to
exercise
three
times
a
week
.
•
He
resolved
that
he
would
finish
the
novel
no
matter
how
long
it
took
.
He
resolved
that
he
would
finish
the
novel
no
matter
how
long
it
took
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Latin
resolvere
“
to
loosen
,
untie
,”
later
“
to
come
to
a
firm
decision
.”
preserve
verb
-
preserve
,
preserving
,
preserves
,
preserved
to
keep
something
in
its
original
condition
and
protect
it
from
harm
,
damage
,
or
change
•
The
museum
works
hard
to
preserve
ancient
artifacts
from
moisture
and
heat
.
The
museum
works
hard
to
preserve
ancient
artifacts
from
moisture
and
heat
.
•
A
thick
coat
of
varnish
will
preserve
the
wooden
bench
for
many
winters
.
A
thick
coat
of
varnish
will
preserve
the
wooden
bench
for
many
winters
.
From
Latin
prae-
‘
before
’
+
servare
‘
keep
safe
’;
entered
English
in
the
14th
century
with
the
sense
‘
keep
safe
from
injury
’.
verb
-
preserve
,
preserving
,
preserves
,
preserved
to
treat
food
so
that
it
lasts
a
long
time
without
spoiling
•
Farmers
often
preserve
strawberries
by
turning
them
into
jam
.
Farmers
often
preserve
strawberries
by
turning
them
into
jam
.
•
You
can
also
preserve
herbs
in
olive
oil
for
winter
cooking
.
You
can
also
preserve
herbs
in
olive
oil
for
winter
cooking
.
virus
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
a
very
small
infectious
agent
that
can
only
reproduce
inside
the
cells
of
living
organisms
,
often
causing
disease
•
The
doctor
explained
that
the
virus
spreads
through
tiny
droplets
in
the
air
.
The
doctor
explained
that
the
virus
spreads
through
tiny
droplets
in
the
air
.
•
Scientists
are
racing
to
develop
a
vaccine
that
can
stop
the
deadly
virus
.
Scientists
are
racing
to
develop
a
vaccine
that
can
stop
the
deadly
virus
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
14th
century
from
Latin
“
vīrus
”,
meaning
“
poison
,
slime
”.
In
the
late
19th
century
scientists
adopted
the
term
for
infectious
agents
smaller
than
bacteria
.
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
a
malicious
computer
program
that
copies
itself
and
can
damage
or
disrupt
a
computer
or
network
•
The
technician
removed
a
dangerous
virus
from
all
the
office
computers
.
The
technician
removed
a
dangerous
virus
from
all
the
office
computers
.
•
Opening
strange
email
attachments
can
let
a
virus
infect
your
laptop
.
Opening
strange
email
attachments
can
let
a
virus
infect
your
laptop
.
First
used
for
malicious
code
in
the
1970s–80s
by
analogy
with
biological
viruses
that
replicate
and
spread
.
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
something
harmful
,
such
as
an
idea
or
emotion
,
that
spreads
quickly
from
person
to
person
•
Fear
spread
through
the
city
like
a
virus
.
Fear
spread
through
the
city
like
a
virus
.
•
Some
activists
hope
kindness
can
become
a
positive
virus
that
changes
communities
.
Some
activists
hope
kindness
can
become
a
positive
virus
that
changes
communities
.
This
figurative
use
arose
by
extension
from
the
biological
meaning
,
comparing
the
rapid
spread
of
ideas
or
emotions
to
the
way
diseases
move
through
populations
.
provision
noun
the
act
of
supplying
or
arranging
something
that
people
need
•
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
•
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
provision
or
directly
from
Latin
prōvīsiō
‘
foreseeing
,
preparation
’.
noun
food
and
other
basic
supplies
needed
for
a
journey
or
for
daily
living
•
They
packed
enough
provisions
to
last
the
whole
hiking
trip
.
They
packed
enough
provisions
to
last
the
whole
hiking
trip
.
•
The
sailors
rationed
their
provisions
carefully
during
the
storm
.
The
sailors
rationed
their
provisions
carefully
during
the
storm
.
Originally
referring
to
‘
food
supplied
’
in
the
15th
century
,
especially
for
armies
or
ships
.
noun
a
rule
or
clause
in
a
legal
or
official
document
•
Under
the
new
treaty
,
the
third
provision
limits
carbon
emissions
for
all
member
states
.
Under
the
new
treaty
,
the
third
provision
limits
carbon
emissions
for
all
member
states
.
•
There
is
a
confidentiality
provision
that
forbids
staff
from
sharing
client
data
.
There
is
a
confidentiality
provision
that
forbids
staff
from
sharing
client
data
.
Expanded
in
legal
use
from
the
broader
sense
of
‘
something
provided
’
to
mean
a
specific
clause
in
the
early
17th
century
.
verb
to
supply
someone
or
something
with
the
food
,
equipment
,
or
other
things
they
need
•
The
base
camp
was
fully
provisioned
before
the
expedition
began
.
The
base
camp
was
fully
provisioned
before
the
expedition
began
.
•
They
must
provision
the
remote
research
station
twice
a
year
.
They
must
provision
the
remote
research
station
twice
a
year
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
supply
with
provisions
’.
virtually
adverb
almost
or
nearly
,
so
that
for
practical
purposes
it
is
true
•
The
huge
theater
was
virtually
empty
after
the
rainstorm
cleared
the
streets
.
The
huge
theater
was
virtually
empty
after
the
rainstorm
cleared
the
streets
.
•
With
a
good
GPS
,
it
is
virtually
impossible
to
get
lost
in
this
city
.
With
a
good
GPS
,
it
is
virtually
impossible
to
get
lost
in
this
city
.
From
Middle
English
virtual
+
-ly
,
originally
meaning
“
in
essence
”
and
later
“
almost
,
nearly
.”
adverb
by
means
of
computers
,
the
internet
,
or
virtual
reality
rather
than
physical
presence
•
During
the
pandemic
,
students
attended
classes
virtually
from
their
bedrooms
.
During
the
pandemic
,
students
attended
classes
virtually
from
their
bedrooms
.
•
The
architect
gave
a
tour
of
the
new
museum
virtually
using
a
3D
model
.
The
architect
gave
a
tour
of
the
new
museum
virtually
using
a
3D
model
.
Extended
from
the
earlier
sense
of
“
almost
”
to
describe
actions
carried
out
in
virtual
environments
with
computers
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
20th
century
.
viewer
noun
a
person
who
watches
a
television
programme
,
video
,
or
live
broadcast
•
Millions
of
viewers
tuned
in
to
watch
the
championship
game
on
television
.
Millions
of
viewers
tuned
in
to
watch
the
championship
game
on
television
.
•
The
show
encourages
its
viewers
to
vote
for
their
favorite
singer
online
.
The
show
encourages
its
viewers
to
vote
for
their
favorite
singer
online
.
noun
a
person
who
looks
at
something
such
as
artwork
,
scenery
,
or
an
exhibit
•
The
painting
was
so
detailed
that
each
viewer
discovered
something
new
.
The
painting
was
so
detailed
that
each
viewer
discovered
something
new
.
•
A
guided
tour
helps
the
viewer
understand
the
history
behind
the
sculpture
.
A
guided
tour
helps
the
viewer
understand
the
history
behind
the
sculpture
.
noun
a
small
device
or
piece
of
equipment
used
to
look
at
slides
,
film
,
or
other
images
•
The
photographer
placed
the
slide
in
the
lighted
viewer
to
check
the
colors
.
The
photographer
placed
the
slide
in
the
lighted
viewer
to
check
the
colors
.
•
He
borrowed
a
microfilm
viewer
at
the
library
to
read
old
newspapers
.
He
borrowed
a
microfilm
viewer
at
the
library
to
read
old
newspapers
.
noun
a
computer
program
that
lets
you
open
and
look
at
files
,
images
,
or
videos
without
editing
them
•
Download
a
free
PDF
viewer
to
read
the
document
.
Download
a
free
PDF
viewer
to
read
the
document
.
•
The
3D
model
viewer
lets
architects
spin
their
designs
around
.
The
3D
model
viewer
lets
architects
spin
their
designs
around
.
heavily
adverb
to
a
great
degree
or
in
large
amounts
•
It
rained
heavily
all
night
,
flooding
the
streets
.
It
rained
heavily
all
night
,
flooding
the
streets
.
•
She
was
heavily
involved
in
the
project
from
start
to
finish
.
She
was
heavily
involved
in
the
project
from
start
to
finish
.
adverb
with
great
weight
or
force
,
so
that
movement
,
landing
,
or
sound
is
slow
,
loud
,
or
difficult
•
The
tired
soldier
walked
heavily
across
the
muddy
field
.
The
tired
soldier
walked
heavily
across
the
muddy
field
.
•
The
box
fell
heavily
onto
the
wooden
floor
,
startling
everyone
.
The
box
fell
heavily
onto
the
wooden
floor
,
startling
everyone
.
adverb
in
a
sad
,
serious
,
or
weary
manner
•
She
sighed
heavily
when
she
heard
the
bad
news
.
She
sighed
heavily
when
she
heard
the
bad
news
.
•
The
judge
spoke
heavily
about
the
consequences
of
the
crime
.
The
judge
spoke
heavily
about
the
consequences
of
the
crime
.
visible
adjective
able
to
be
seen
with
the
eyes
•
The
snowcapped
peaks
were
clearly
visible
against
the
bright
blue
sky
.
The
snowcapped
peaks
were
clearly
visible
against
the
bright
blue
sky
.
•
At
night
,
only
the
lighthouse
beam
remained
visible
for
miles
around
.
At
night
,
only
the
lighthouse
beam
remained
visible
for
miles
around
.
adjective
easy
to
notice
because
it
is
clear
or
obvious
•
There
was
a
visible
improvement
in
his
handwriting
after
weeks
of
practice
.
There
was
a
visible
improvement
in
his
handwriting
after
weeks
of
practice
.
•
Her
excitement
was
visible
even
before
she
spoke
.
Her
excitement
was
visible
even
before
she
spoke
.
forgive
verb
-
forgive
,
forgiving
,
forgives
,
forgave
,
forgiven
to
stop
being
angry
with
someone
and
no
longer
blame
them
for
something
wrong
they
have
done
•
After
a
week
of
silence
,
Maria
finally
forgave
her
friend
for
forgetting
her
birthday
.
After
a
week
of
silence
,
Maria
finally
forgave
her
friend
for
forgetting
her
birthday
.
•
The
children
found
it
hard
to
forgive
their
classmate
who
had
broken
their
favorite
toy
.
The
children
found
it
hard
to
forgive
their
classmate
who
had
broken
their
favorite
toy
.
Old
English
forgiefan
,
from
for-
“
completely
”
+
giefan
“
to
give
,”
originally
meaning
“
give
up
anger
”
and
later
“
pardon
.”
verb
-
forgive
,
forgiving
,
forgives
,
forgave
,
forgiven
used
as
a
polite
way
to
say
sorry
or
to
ask
someone
to
excuse
a
question
,
interruption
,
or
small
mistake
•
Forgive
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
nearest
pharmacy
is
?
Forgive
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
nearest
pharmacy
is
?
•
Forgive
my
ignorance
,
but
how
does
this
device
work
?
Forgive
my
ignorance
,
but
how
does
this
device
work
?
The
imperative
“
Forgive
me
”
has
been
used
since
the
15th
century
as
a
courteous
apology
or
request
for
pardon
.
verb
-
forgive
,
forgiving
,
forgives
,
forgave
,
forgiven
to
say
that
someone
no
longer
has
to
pay
money
they
owe
•
The
bank
forgave
part
of
the
farmer
’
s
loan
after
the
devastating
flood
.
The
bank
forgave
part
of
the
farmer
’
s
loan
after
the
devastating
flood
.
•
Under
the
new
program
,
the
government
will
forgive
student
loans
after
ten
years
of
payments
.
Under
the
new
program
,
the
government
will
forgive
student
loans
after
ten
years
of
payments
.
Extension
of
the
sense
“
pardon
”
to
the
financial
idea
of
releasing
someone
from
an
obligation
,
attested
from
the
19th
century
.
evolve
verb
-
evolve
,
evolving
,
evolves
,
evolved
to
change
or
develop
gradually
,
becoming
different
or
more
advanced
over
time
•
Over
the
years
,
smartphones
have
evolved
from
simple
calling
devices
to
powerful
pocket
computers
.
Over
the
years
,
smartphones
have
evolved
from
simple
calling
devices
to
powerful
pocket
computers
.
•
Tastes
in
music
evolve
as
people
grow
older
and
discover
new
genres
.
Tastes
in
music
evolve
as
people
grow
older
and
discover
new
genres
.
From
Latin
evolvere
meaning
"
to
unroll
,
unfold
,"
formed
from
ex-
"
out
"
+
volvere
"
to
roll
."
verb
-
evolve
,
evolving
,
evolves
,
evolved
(
biology
)
of
a
species
or
organism
,
to
develop
new
physical
or
behavioral
traits
over
many
generations
through
natural
selection
•
Scientists
believe
whales
evolved
from
land-dwelling
mammals
millions
of
years
ago
.
Scientists
believe
whales
evolved
from
land-dwelling
mammals
millions
of
years
ago
.
•
Bacteria
can
evolve
quickly
,
making
some
antibiotics
less
effective
.
Bacteria
can
evolve
quickly
,
making
some
antibiotics
less
effective
.
Adopted
in
scientific
writing
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
gradual
biological
change
.
verb
-
evolve
,
evolving
,
evolves
,
evolved
to
deliberately
develop
something
step
by
step
into
a
better
or
more
advanced
form
•
The
chef
evolved
a
new
menu
that
blends
local
flavors
with
modern
techniques
.
The
chef
evolved
a
new
menu
that
blends
local
flavors
with
modern
techniques
.
•
Engineers
evolved
the
car
’
s
design
to
make
it
lighter
and
more
fuel-efficient
.
Engineers
evolved
the
car
’
s
design
to
make
it
lighter
and
more
fuel-efficient
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
18th
century
meaning
"
to
unfold
or
disclose
(
ideas
)."
provider
noun
a
person
or
company
that
supplies
needed
goods
or
services
to
other
people
or
businesses
•
We
switched
to
a
new
internet
provider
because
the
old
one
was
too
slow
.
We
switched
to
a
new
internet
provider
because
the
old
one
was
too
slow
.
•
The
school
hired
a
food
provider
to
deliver
healthy
lunches
every
day
.
The
school
hired
a
food
provider
to
deliver
healthy
lunches
every
day
.
from
the
verb
"
provide
"
+
the
agent
suffix
"
-er
",
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
17th
century
noun
the
person
in
a
family
who
earns
the
money
needed
to
pay
for
food
,
housing
,
and
other
necessities
•
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
worried
about
how
to
stay
the
main
provider
for
his
family
.
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
worried
about
how
to
stay
the
main
provider
for
his
family
.
•
In
many
households
today
,
both
partners
share
the
role
of
provider
.
In
many
households
today
,
both
partners
share
the
role
of
provider
.
derived
from
the
broader
sense
of
someone
who
supplies
something
,
applied
to
family
income
roles
since
the
19th
century
noun
in
computing
,
a
module
or
service
that
gives
data
or
functionality
to
other
parts
of
a
system
•
The
authentication
provider
verifies
user
identities
before
access
is
granted
.
The
authentication
provider
verifies
user
identities
before
access
is
granted
.
•
Developers
can
swap
out
the
data
provider
without
changing
the
rest
of
the
application
.
Developers
can
swap
out
the
data
provider
without
changing
the
rest
of
the
application
.
adopted
into
computing
jargon
in
the
late
20th
century
to
describe
software
components
that
'provide'
services
to
consumers
activist
noun
a
person
who
actively
works
to
bring
about
political
or
social
change
•
The
activist
organized
a
peaceful
march
through
the
city
center
.
The
activist
organized
a
peaceful
march
through
the
city
center
.
•
A
group
of
environmental
activists
planted
trees
along
the
riverbank
.
A
group
of
environmental
activists
planted
trees
along
the
riverbank
.
From
active
+
-ist
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
to
describe
people
engaged
in
political
action
.
adjective
relating
to
or
promoting
active
effort
to
create
political
or
social
change
•
They
formed
an
activist
committee
to
campaign
for
safer
streets
.
They
formed
an
activist
committee
to
campaign
for
safer
streets
.
•
The
authors
took
an
activist
approach
in
their
book
,
urging
readers
to
recycle
.
The
authors
took
an
activist
approach
in
their
book
,
urging
readers
to
recycle
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
;
used
attributively
since
the
mid-20th
century
.
evil
adjective
-
evil
,
eviler
,
evilest
Describing
someone
or
something
that
is
morally
bad
,
cruel
,
or
wicked
.
•
The
evil
sorcerer
turned
the
villagers
into
stone
.
The
evil
sorcerer
turned
the
villagers
into
stone
.
•
They
believed
the
abandoned
house
was
filled
with
evil
spirits
.
They
believed
the
abandoned
house
was
filled
with
evil
spirits
.
Old
English
yfel
‘
wicked
,
bad
’,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
German
übel
.
adjective
-
evil
,
eviler
,
evilest
Describing
something
very
unpleasant
,
harmful
,
or
causing
pain
or
trouble
.
•
She
had
an
evil
headache
after
the
long
flight
.
She
had
an
evil
headache
after
the
long
flight
.
•
There
was
an
evil
smell
coming
from
the
trash
bin
.
There
was
an
evil
smell
coming
from
the
trash
bin
.
noun
-
evil
The
force
,
quality
,
or
idea
of
great
moral
wickedness
.
•
Stories
often
show
the
battle
between
good
and
evil
.
Stories
often
show
the
battle
between
good
and
evil
.
•
They
prayed
to
keep
evil
away
from
their
home
.
They
prayed
to
keep
evil
away
from
their
home
.
noun
A
harmful
or
wicked
action
,
thing
,
or
situation
.
•
Pollution
is
one
of
the
modern
evils
we
must
fight
.
Pollution
is
one
of
the
modern
evils
we
must
fight
.
•
The
story
lists
jealousy
and
greed
as
the
two
great
evils
.
The
story
lists
jealousy
and
greed
as
the
two
great
evils
.
violate
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
break
or
fail
to
follow
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
The
company
violated
safety
regulations
by
ignoring
the
warning
signs
.
The
company
violated
safety
regulations
by
ignoring
the
warning
signs
.
•
Drivers
who
violate
the
speed
limit
face
heavy
fines
.
Drivers
who
violate
the
speed
limit
face
heavy
fines
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
violāre
“
to
injure
,
outrage
,
dishonor
,”
from
violentus
“
violent
.”
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
damage
or
show
no
respect
for
something
considered
sacred
,
private
,
or
important
•
Tourists
were
fined
for
violating
the
temple
by
carving
their
names
on
the
ancient
walls
.
Tourists
were
fined
for
violating
the
temple
by
carving
their
names
on
the
ancient
walls
.
•
Playing
loud
music
late
at
night
violates
the
peaceful
atmosphere
of
the
library
.
Playing
loud
music
late
at
night
violates
the
peaceful
atmosphere
of
the
library
.
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
interfere
with
or
harm
someone
’
s
rights
,
freedom
,
or
privacy
•
Publishing
the
victim's
address
online
violates
her
right
to
privacy
.
Publishing
the
victim's
address
online
violates
her
right
to
privacy
.
•
Spying
on
citizens
without
a
warrant
violates
civil
liberties
.
Spying
on
citizens
without
a
warrant
violates
civil
liberties
.
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
force
someone
to
have
sexual
contact
against
their
will
;
to
rape
•
The
judge
handed
down
a
long
prison
sentence
to
the
man
who
had
violated
the
teenager
.
The
judge
handed
down
a
long
prison
sentence
to
the
man
who
had
violated
the
teenager
.
•
News
reports
said
the
suspect
violated
several
women
over
a
period
of
years
.
News
reports
said
the
suspect
violated
several
women
over
a
period
of
years
.
advise
verb
-
advise
,
advising
,
advises
,
advised
to
tell
someone
what
you
think
they
should
do
•
The
doctor
advised
him
to
get
more
rest
.
The
doctor
advised
him
to
get
more
rest
.
•
I
will
advise
you
on
the
best
route
before
you
leave
.
I
will
advise
you
on
the
best
route
before
you
leave
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
aviser
,
based
on
Latin
visum
,
past
participle
of
vidēre
‘
to
see
’,
influenced
by
Latin
ad-
‘
to
,
toward
’.
verb
-
advise
,
advising
,
advises
,
advised
to
officially
tell
or
notify
someone
about
something
•
Please
advise
us
of
any
changes
to
your
address
.
Please
advise
us
of
any
changes
to
your
address
.
•
The
bank
advised
that
my
payment
had
cleared
.
The
bank
advised
that
my
payment
had
cleared
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
aviser
,
based
on
Latin
visum
,
past
participle
of
vidēre
‘
to
see
’,
influenced
by
Latin
ad-
‘
to
,
toward
’.
violation
noun
the
act
of
breaking
or
disobeying
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
Parking
on
the
sidewalk
is
a
clear
violation
of
city
rules
.
Parking
on
the
sidewalk
is
a
clear
violation
of
city
rules
.
•
The
company
was
fined
for
a
serious
violation
of
safety
regulations
.
The
company
was
fined
for
a
serious
violation
of
safety
regulations
.
From
Latin
violatio
“
damage
,
infringement
,”
from
violare
“
to
treat
with
violence
.”
noun
in
basketball
and
some
other
sports
,
a
minor
rules
infraction
that
stops
play
and
gives
the
ball
to
the
other
team
•
The
referee
blew
the
whistle
for
a
traveling
violation
.
The
referee
blew
the
whistle
for
a
traveling
violation
.
•
A
shot-clock
violation
erased
the
last-second
basket
.
A
shot-clock
violation
erased
the
last-second
basket
.
noun
an
action
that
harms
or
ignores
someone
’
s
rights
,
privacy
,
or
personal
space
•
Publishing
her
private
letters
online
felt
like
a
violation
of
her
privacy
.
Publishing
her
private
letters
online
felt
like
a
violation
of
her
privacy
.
•
The
protesters
marched
against
the
violation
of
human
rights
.
The
protesters
marched
against
the
violation
of
human
rights
.
noun
the
crime
of
forcing
someone
to
have
sex
without
consent
;
rape
•
The
court
convicted
him
for
the
violation
of
the
victim
.
The
court
convicted
him
for
the
violation
of
the
victim
.
•
Survivors
of
sexual
violation
often
need
long-term
support
.
Survivors
of
sexual
violation
often
need
long-term
support
.
navy
noun
-
navy
,
navies
the
part
of
a
country
’
s
armed
forces
that
carries
out
military
actions
at
sea
,
using
ships
and
submarines
•
After
graduation
,
Liam
joined
the
navy
to
see
the
world
.
After
graduation
,
Liam
joined
the
navy
to
see
the
world
.
•
The
navy
patrolled
the
coastline
during
the
storm
to
keep
fishermen
safe
.
The
navy
patrolled
the
coastline
during
the
storm
to
keep
fishermen
safe
.
From
Middle
English
“
navie
”,
from
Old
French
“
navie
” (
fleet
),
from
Latin
“
navis
” (
ship
).
survival
noun
the
state
or
fact
of
continuing
to
live
or
exist
,
especially
when
facing
danger
,
hardship
,
or
competition
•
After
three
nights
in
the
jungle
,
the
explorer
’
s
survival
shocked
the
rescue
team
.
After
three
nights
in
the
jungle
,
the
explorer
’
s
survival
shocked
the
rescue
team
.
•
Clean
drinking
water
is
critical
for
survival
in
desert
climates
.
Clean
drinking
water
is
critical
for
survival
in
desert
climates
.
Mid-18th
century
:
from
survive
+
-al
,
patterned
after
French
‘
survival
’.
noun
something
,
especially
a
custom
or
object
,
that
has
remained
from
an
earlier
time
•
The
midsummer
bonfire
is
a
survival
of
ancient
pagan
rituals
.
The
midsummer
bonfire
is
a
survival
of
ancient
pagan
rituals
.
•
That
rare
plant
is
a
botanical
survival
from
the
last
ice
age
.
That
rare
plant
is
a
botanical
survival
from
the
last
ice
age
.
Sense
of
“
something
that
remains
”
appeared
in
the
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
original
idea
of
continuing
existence
to
objects
and
customs
.
devil
noun
a
person
,
especially
a
child
or
man
,
who
behaves
in
a
naughty
,
lively
,
or
troublesome
way
(
informal
)
•
That
little
devil
hid
my
keys
again
!
That
little
devil
hid
my
keys
again
!
•
He
’
s
a
lucky
devil
—
he
won
the
trip
to
Hawaii
.
He
’
s
a
lucky
devil
—
he
won
the
trip
to
Hawaii
.
noun
the
supreme
evil
spirit
in
some
religions
,
believed
to
oppose
God
and
tempt
people
to
do
wrong
•
In
the
medieval
legend
,
the
devil
tries
to
bargain
for
the
knight
’
s
soul
.
In
the
medieval
legend
,
the
devil
tries
to
bargain
for
the
knight
’
s
soul
.
•
The
preacher
warned
the
congregation
not
to
listen
to
the
whispers
of
the
devil
.
The
preacher
warned
the
congregation
not
to
listen
to
the
whispers
of
the
devil
.
Old
English
deofol
,
from
Late
Latin
diabolus
,
from
Greek
diábolos
“
slanderer
,
adversary
.”
noun
an
evil
or
malevolent
spirit
or
demon
•
Local
legend
says
a
devil
haunts
the
abandoned
mine
.
Local
legend
says
a
devil
haunts
the
abandoned
mine
.
•
People
used
to
carve
grotesque
faces
on
buildings
to
keep
devils
away
.
People
used
to
carve
grotesque
faces
on
buildings
to
keep
devils
away
.
verb
-
devil
,
devilling
,
devils
,
devilled
to
season
food
with
very
hot
spices
•
She
devilled
the
eggs
with
mustard
and
paprika
for
extra
kick
.
She
devilled
the
eggs
with
mustard
and
paprika
for
extra
kick
.
•
The
chef
loves
to
devil
chicken
wings
before
grilling
them
.
The
chef
loves
to
devil
chicken
wings
before
grilling
them
.
verb
-
devil
,
devilling
,
devils
,
devilled
to
harass
or
annoy
someone
repeatedly
(
informal
,
old-fashioned
)
•
Flies
devilled
the
horses
all
afternoon
on
the
trail
.
Flies
devilled
the
horses
all
afternoon
on
the
trail
.
•
Gossiping
neighbors
devil
her
every
time
she
steps
outside
.
Gossiping
neighbors
devil
her
every
time
she
steps
outside
.
survivor
noun
someone
who
is
still
alive
after
a
serious
accident
,
illness
,
war
,
or
other
dangerous
event
•
The
rescue
team
pulled
one
survivor
from
the
collapsed
building
.
The
rescue
team
pulled
one
survivor
from
the
collapsed
building
.
•
As
a
cancer
survivor
,
she
speaks
at
schools
about
staying
positive
.
As
a
cancer
survivor
,
she
speaks
at
schools
about
staying
positive
.
noun
someone
who
stays
strong
and
keeps
going
through
very
hard
situations
in
life
•
Growing
up
in
poverty
made
him
a
true
survivor
in
the
business
world
.
Growing
up
in
poverty
made
him
a
true
survivor
in
the
business
world
.
•
Even
after
losing
her
job
,
she
proved
she
was
a
survivor
and
started
her
own
company
.
Even
after
losing
her
job
,
she
proved
she
was
a
survivor
and
started
her
own
company
.
reserve
verb
-
reserve
,
reserving
,
reserves
,
reserved
to
arrange
for
something
such
as
a
seat
,
ticket
,
or
room
to
be
kept
for
your
use
at
a
future
time
•
I
called
the
restaurant
to
reserve
a
table
for
two
tonight
.
I
called
the
restaurant
to
reserve
a
table
for
two
tonight
.
•
You
can
reserve
tickets
online
instead
of
queuing
at
the
cinema
.
You
can
reserve
tickets
online
instead
of
queuing
at
the
cinema
.
verb
-
reserve
,
reserving
,
reserves
,
reserved
to
keep
something
so
it
will
be
available
for
a
particular
person
,
use
,
or
time
•
This
shelf
is
reserved
for
cookbooks
only
.
This
shelf
is
reserved
for
cookbooks
only
.
•
The
museum
has
reserved
Friday
mornings
for
school
visits
.
The
museum
has
reserved
Friday
mornings
for
school
visits
.
adviser
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
give
expert
ideas
and
guidance
to
someone
or
to
an
organization
•
The
company
hired
an
adviser
to
help
them
expand
into
new
markets
.
The
company
hired
an
adviser
to
help
them
expand
into
new
markets
.
•
Before
choosing
her
courses
,
Maria
met
with
her
academic
adviser
at
the
university
.
Before
choosing
her
courses
,
Maria
met
with
her
academic
adviser
at
the
university
.
From
advise
+
-er
;
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
vital
adjective
extremely
important
or
necessary
for
success
,
survival
,
or
proper
functioning
•
Drinking
clean
water
is
vital
for
good
health
.
Drinking
clean
water
is
vital
for
good
health
.
•
It
is
vital
that
you
finish
the
report
before
Friday
.
It
is
vital
that
you
finish
the
report
before
Friday
.
Late
14th
century
from
Latin
"
vitalis
"
meaning
"
of
or
belonging
to
life
",
from
"
vita
"
meaning
"
life
".
adjective
relating
to
life
or
to
organs
and
functions
essential
for
keeping
the
body
alive
•
The
doctor
checked
the
patient's
vital signs
every
hour
.
The
doctor
checked
the
patient's
vital signs
every
hour
.
•
The
surgeon
worked
carefully
to
avoid
damaging
any
vital
organs
.
The
surgeon
worked
carefully
to
avoid
damaging
any
vital
organs
.
adjective
full
of
energy
,
life
,
and
enthusiasm
•
Even
at
seventy
,
my
grandmother
is
still
a
vital
and
curious
traveler
.
Even
at
seventy
,
my
grandmother
is
still
a
vital
and
curious
traveler
.
•
The
new
teacher
brought
a
vital
spirit
to
the
classroom
.
The
new
teacher
brought
a
vital
spirit
to
the
classroom
.
privilege
noun
a
special
right
,
advantage
,
or
exemption
that
only
a
particular
person
or
group
is
allowed
to
have
•
Parking
close
to
the
entrance
is
a
privilege
reserved
for
doctors
at
the
hospital
.
Parking
close
to
the
entrance
is
a
privilege
reserved
for
doctors
at
the
hospital
.
•
In
some
countries
,
education
is
still
considered
a
privilege
,
not
a
right
.
In
some
countries
,
education
is
still
considered
a
privilege
,
not
a
right
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
privilegium
‘
law
for
or
against
a
private
person
’,
from
privus
‘
private
’
+
lex
,
leg-
‘
law
’.
noun
a
great
honor
or
pleasure
that
makes
you
feel
lucky
•
It
was
a
privilege
to
work
with
such
a
dedicated
team
.
It
was
a
privilege
to
work
with
such
a
dedicated
team
.
•
Meeting
the
president
was
an
unforgettable
privilege
.
Meeting
the
president
was
an
unforgettable
privilege
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
privilegium
,
later
extended
figuratively
to
mean
‘
honor
’.
verb
-
privilege
,
privileging
,
privileges
,
privileged
to
give
an
advantage
or
greater
importance
to
someone
or
something
compared
with
others
•
The
tax
code
privileges
large
corporations
over
small
businesses
.
The
tax
code
privileges
large
corporations
over
small
businesses
.
•
The
new
schedule
privileges
morning
classes
and
leaves
fewer
options
in
the
afternoon
.
The
new
schedule
privileges
morning
classes
and
leaves
fewer
options
in
the
afternoon
.
Derived
from
the
noun
;
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
early
17th
century
,
meaning
‘
to
invest
with
special
rights
’.
derive
verb
-
derive
,
deriving
,
derives
,
derived
to
get
a
benefit
,
pleasure
,
or
other
thing
from
a
particular
source
•
Farmers
can
derive
extra
income
from
selling
their
produce
directly
at
markets
.
Farmers
can
derive
extra
income
from
selling
their
produce
directly
at
markets
.
•
She
derives
great
satisfaction
from
teaching
young
children
to
read
.
She
derives
great
satisfaction
from
teaching
young
children
to
read
.
verb
-
derive
,
deriving
,
derives
,
derived
to
come
from
or
have
its
origin
in
something
•
The
English
word
'kangaroo'
derives
from
an
Aboriginal
language
.
The
English
word
'kangaroo'
derives
from
an
Aboriginal
language
.
•
His
love
of
music
derives
from
his
mother's
passion
for
singing
.
His
love
of
music
derives
from
his
mother's
passion
for
singing
.
verb
-
derive
,
deriving
,
derives
,
derived
to
reach
a
rule
,
result
,
or
formula
by
careful
reasoning
or
calculation
,
especially
in
mathematics
•
In
class
,
we
derived
the
formula
for
the
area
of
a
circle
from
basic
principles
.
In
class
,
we
derived
the
formula
for
the
area
of
a
circle
from
basic
principles
.
•
The
scientist
derives
the
chemical's
concentration
using
the
given
data
.
The
scientist
derives
the
chemical's
concentration
using
the
given
data
.
glove
verb
-
glove
,
gloving
,
gloves
,
gloved
to
put
a
glove
or
gloves
on
something
or
someone
,
or
(
in
sports
)
to
catch
or
handle
something
using
a
glove
•
The
catcher
managed
to
glove
the
fast-moving
ball
.
The
catcher
managed
to
glove
the
fast-moving
ball
.
•
Before
touching
the
ancient
scroll
,
the
curator
carefully
gloved
her
hands
.
Before
touching
the
ancient
scroll
,
the
curator
carefully
gloved
her
hands
.
Verbal
use
from
the
noun
,
recorded
since
the
1600s
.
conviction
noun
a
strong
and
firmly
held
belief
or
opinion
•
Maya
spoke
with
deep
conviction
about
protecting
the
rainforest
.
Maya
spoke
with
deep
conviction
about
protecting
the
rainforest
.
•
The
activist
’
s
unwavering
conviction
inspired
the
crowd
to
join
the
march
.
The
activist
’
s
unwavering
conviction
inspired
the
crowd
to
join
the
march
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
conviction
,
from
Latin
convictiō
‘
proof
,
refutation
’,
from
convincere
‘
to
convince
’.
noun
the
formal
decision
in
a
court
that
someone
is
guilty
of
a
crime
•
After
a
tense
trial
,
the
jury
returned
a
conviction
for
fraud
.
After
a
tense
trial
,
the
jury
returned
a
conviction
for
fraud
.
•
Because
of
her
earlier
conviction
,
she
struggled
to
find
employment
.
Because
of
her
earlier
conviction
,
she
struggled
to
find
employment
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
conviction
,
from
Latin
convictiō
‘
proof
,
refutation
’,
from
convincere
‘
to
convict
’.
nerve
noun
-
nerve
,
nerving
,
nerves
,
nerved
courage
or
boldness
to
do
something
difficult
or
frightening
•
Maya
finally
found
the
nerve
to
sing
in
front
of
the
crowd
.
Maya
finally
found
the
nerve
to
sing
in
front
of
the
crowd
.
•
It
takes
real
nerve
to
start
a
business
from
scratch
.
It
takes
real
nerve
to
start
a
business
from
scratch
.
Figurative
use
of
“
nerve
”
for
inner
strength
appeared
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
-
nerve
,
nerving
,
nerves
,
nerved
,
nervy
,
nervier
,
nerviest
a
long
,
thin
bundle
of
fibres
in
the
body
that
carries
electrical
signals
between
the
brain
,
spinal
cord
,
and
other
parts
•
A
surgeon
carefully
stitched
a
damaged
nerve
in
the
patient's
hand
.
A
surgeon
carefully
stitched
a
damaged
nerve
in
the
patient's
hand
.
•
In
biology
class
,
we
saw
how
a
single
nerve
carries
signals
to
muscles
.
In
biology
class
,
we
saw
how
a
single
nerve
carries
signals
to
muscles
.
From
Latin
nervus
“
sinew
,
tendon
,
nerve
.”
noun
-
nerve
,
nerving
,
nerves
,
nerved
rude
or
shocking
boldness
that
annoys
or
offends
people
•
You
’
ve
got
some
nerve
showing
up
after
what
you
did
!
You
’
ve
got
some
nerve
showing
up
after
what
you
did
!
•
The
student
had
the
nerve
to
argue
with
every
correction
.
The
student
had
the
nerve
to
argue
with
every
correction
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
of
courage
,
later
taking
on
negative
nuance
of
impudence
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
-
nerve
,
nerving
,
nerves
,
nerved
feelings
of
worry
or
tension
,
especially
before
something
important
or
dangerous
•
Before
the
exam
,
her
nerves
were
making
her
hands
shake
.
Before
the
exam
,
her
nerves
were
making
her
hands
shake
.
•
Deep
breaths
can
help
calm
nerves
during
a
job
interview
.
Deep
breaths
can
help
calm
nerves
during
a
job
interview
.
Plural
“
nerves
”
used
for
feelings
of
anxiety
became
common
in
the
early
20th
century
.
verb
-
nerve
,
nerving
,
nerves
,
nerved
to
give
courage
or
strength
to
yourself
or
someone
else
•
She
nerved
herself
before
stepping
onto
the
stage
.
She
nerved
herself
before
stepping
onto
the
stage
.
•
He
nerves
himself
for
the
tough
conversation
with
his
boss
.
He
nerves
himself
for
the
tough
conversation
with
his
boss
.
Verb
sense
arose
in
the
late
17th
century
from
the
noun
meaning
of
courage
.
behave
verb
-
behave
,
behaving
,
behaves
,
behaved
to
act
in
a
polite
or
socially
acceptable
way
•
“
Please
behave
while
we
are
at
the
museum
,”
the
teacher
whispered
to
her
class
.
“
Please
behave
while
we
are
at
the
museum
,”
the
teacher
whispered
to
her
class
.
•
The
puppy
will
behave
if
you
give
it
a
treat
.
The
puppy
will
behave
if
you
give
it
a
treat
.
From
Middle
English
behaven
,
from
be-
+
have
in
the
sense
of
‘
to
hold
oneself
’.
verb
-
behave
,
behaving
,
behaves
,
behaved
of
a
thing
or
substance
:
to
act
or
operate
in
a
particular
way
•
My
old
laptop
starts
to
behave
strangely
when
it
overheats
.
My
old
laptop
starts
to
behave
strangely
when
it
overheats
.
•
Scientists
study
how
liquids
behave
at
very
low
temperatures
.
Scientists
study
how
liquids
behave
at
very
low
temperatures
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
be-
+
have
,
extended
to
describe
the
manner
in
which
objects
or
systems
act
.
curve
verb
-
curve
,
curving
,
curves
,
curved
to
bend
or
cause
something
to
bend
into
a
rounded
shape
•
He
carefully
curved
the
thin
wire
into
a
heart
shape
.
He
carefully
curved
the
thin
wire
into
a
heart
shape
.
•
The
path
curves
gently
toward
the
lake
.
The
path
curves
gently
toward
the
lake
.
civilization
noun
the
stage
of
human
social
development
in
which
societies
form
cities
,
governments
,
writing
,
and
other
complex
institutions
•
Archaeologists
agree
that
the
invention
of
writing
marked
a
turning
point
in
human
civilization
.
Archaeologists
agree
that
the
invention
of
writing
marked
a
turning
point
in
human
civilization
.
•
Access
to
stable
food
supplies
allowed
civilization
to
flourish
along
the
Nile
River
.
Access
to
stable
food
supplies
allowed
civilization
to
flourish
along
the
Nile
River
.
From
Latin
civīlis
(“
civil
”)
+
–ation
,
originally
referring
to
the
process
of
making
a
society
civil
or
orderly
.
noun
a
particular
well-organized
human
society
that
existed
or
exists
at
a
specific
time
and
place
•
The
Mayan
civilization
built
towering
pyramids
in
the
jungle
.
The
Mayan
civilization
built
towering
pyramids
in
the
jungle
.
•
Roads
and
aqueducts
were
hallmarks
of
Roman
civilization
.
Roads
and
aqueducts
were
hallmarks
of
Roman
civilization
.
Sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
as
historians
began
comparing
distinct
societies
across
time
.
noun
the
comforts
and
conveniences
of
modern
life
,
especially
when
contrasted
with
remote
or
wild
places
•
After
hiking
for
five
days
,
they
were
eager
to
return
to
civilization
.
After
hiking
for
five
days
,
they
were
eager
to
return
to
civilization
.
•
The
cabin
had
no
electricity
,
leaving
us
completely
cut
off
from
civilization
.
The
cabin
had
no
electricity
,
leaving
us
completely
cut
off
from
civilization
.
By
the
late
19th
century
,
campers
and
explorers
began
using
the
word
humorously
to
mean
the
amenities
of
the
city
.
civilisation
noun
the
stage
of
human
social
development
in
which
societies
form
cities
,
governments
,
writing
,
and
other
complex
institutions
•
Students
explored
how
civilisation
first
emerged
in
the
Fertile
Crescent
.
Students
explored
how
civilisation
first
emerged
in
the
Fertile
Crescent
.
•
The
development
of
laws
was
essential
to
early
civilisation
.
The
development
of
laws
was
essential
to
early
civilisation
.
Borrowed
from
French
civilisation
,
ultimately
from
Latin
civīlis
(“
civil
”).
noun
a
particular
well-organised
human
society
that
existed
or
exists
at
a
specific
time
and
place
•
The
achievements
of
Greek
civilisation
still
influence
modern
architecture
.
The
achievements
of
Greek
civilisation
still
influence
modern
architecture
.
•
Artifacts
from
the
Mesopotamian
civilisation
are
displayed
in
the
museum
.
Artifacts
from
the
Mesopotamian
civilisation
are
displayed
in
the
museum
.
Adopted
in
British
English
in
the
18th
century
to
classify
historical
societies
.
noun
the
comforts
and
conveniences
of
modern
life
,
especially
when
contrasted
with
remote
or
wild
places
•
After
weeks
at
sea
,
the
crew
longed
for
the
pleasures
of
civilisation
.
After
weeks
at
sea
,
the
crew
longed
for
the
pleasures
of
civilisation
.
•
The
remote
cottage
had
no
internet
,
truly
miles
from
civilisation
.
The
remote
cottage
had
no
internet
,
truly
miles
from
civilisation
.
British
explorers
in
the
early
20th
century
often
used
the
word
lightly
to
mean
hot
baths
,
good
food
,
and
other
amenities
.
virtual
adjective
existing
or
happening
on
computers
or
the
internet
rather
than
in
the
physical
world
.
•
Our
team
holds
a
virtual
meeting
every
Monday
using
video
chat
.
Our
team
holds
a
virtual
meeting
every
Monday
using
video
chat
.
•
The
students
explored
ancient
Rome
in
a
virtual
reality
lesson
.
The
students
explored
ancient
Rome
in
a
virtual
reality
lesson
.
adjective
almost
or
nearly
the
thing
described
,
but
not
completely
or
in
a
strict
or
literal
sense
.
•
With
no
other
cars
on
the
road
,
the
highway
felt
like
a
virtual
racetrack
.
With
no
other
cars
on
the
road
,
the
highway
felt
like
a
virtual
racetrack
.
•
His
promotion
was
a
virtual
certainty
after
the
successful
project
.
His
promotion
was
a
virtual
certainty
after
the
successful
project
.
adjective
(
computing
)
created
by
software
to
act
like
something
physical
,
even
though
it
does
not
exist
as
real
hardware
.
•
The
software
relies
on
virtual
memory
when
physical
RAM
is
low
.
The
software
relies
on
virtual
memory
when
physical
RAM
is
low
.
•
Programmers
created
a
virtual
machine
to
test
the
new
operating
system
.
Programmers
created
a
virtual
machine
to
test
the
new
operating
system
.
virtue
noun
moral
goodness
and
the
wish
to
do
what
is
right
•
The
firefighter
showed
great
virtue
when
he
ran
back
into
the
burning
house
to
rescue
a
kitten
.
The
firefighter
showed
great
virtue
when
he
ran
back
into
the
burning
house
to
rescue
a
kitten
.
•
Teaching
children
about
honesty
and
kindness
helps
them
develop
virtue
from
an
early
age
.
Teaching
children
about
honesty
and
kindness
helps
them
develop
virtue
from
an
early
age
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
vertu
,
from
Latin
virtus
meaning
‘
manliness
,
excellence
,
moral
strength
’.
noun
a
useful
or
good
quality
that
something
has
•
One
big
virtue
of
this
tablet
is
its
long-lasting
battery
.
One
big
virtue
of
this
tablet
is
its
long-lasting
battery
.
•
Patience
is
a
useful
virtue
when
you
are
learning
a
new
language
.
Patience
is
a
useful
virtue
when
you
are
learning
a
new
language
.
noun
the
quality
of
being
sexually
pure
,
traditionally
applied
to
a
woman
•
In
the
old
novel
,
the
heroine
’
s
virtue
is
constantly
threatened
by
the
villain
.
In
the
old
novel
,
the
heroine
’
s
virtue
is
constantly
threatened
by
the
villain
.
•
Knights
were
expected
to
protect
a
lady
’
s
virtue
at
all
costs
.
Knights
were
expected
to
protect
a
lady
’
s
virtue
at
all
costs
.
noun
authority
,
power
,
or
reason
that
allows
something
to
happen
,
mainly
used
in
the
phrase
‘
by
virtue
of
’
meaning
‘
because
of
’
•
By
virtue
of
his
experience
,
he
was
chosen
to
lead
the
expedition
.
By
virtue
of
his
experience
,
he
was
chosen
to
lead
the
expedition
.
•
The
new
law
goes
into
effect
by
virtue
of
the
governor
’
s
signature
.
The
new
law
goes
into
effect
by
virtue
of
the
governor
’
s
signature
.
grave
verb
-
grave
,
graving
,
graves
,
graved
,
graven
to
cut
or
carve
words
,
designs
,
or
patterns
into
a
hard
surface
•
The
artisan
carefully
graved
a
floral
pattern
onto
the
stone
.
The
artisan
carefully
graved
a
floral
pattern
onto
the
stone
.
•
Words
of
remembrance
were
graved
into
the
marble
plaque
.
Words
of
remembrance
were
graved
into
the
marble
plaque
.
Old
English
grafan
“
to
dig
,
carve
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*grabaną
,
related
to
“
grave
” (
noun
).
thanksgiving
noun
-
thanksgiving
the
feeling
or
act
of
showing
gratitude
•
She
bowed
her
head
in
silent
thanksgiving
for
her
family
’
s
safe
return
.
She
bowed
her
head
in
silent
thanksgiving
for
her
family
’
s
safe
return
.
•
The
letter
was
written
as
an
expression
of
thanksgiving
to
everyone
who
had
helped
.
The
letter
was
written
as
an
expression
of
thanksgiving
to
everyone
who
had
helped
.
Old
English
‘
þancsġifu
’ (“
thanks-giving
”),
from
‘
þanc
’ (“
thanks
”)
+
‘
ġiefu
’ (“
gift
,
giving
”).
noun
a
religious
service
or
prayer
that
gives
thanks
,
especially
to
God
•
The
church
held
a
special
thanksgiving
after
the
storm
passed
safely
.
The
church
held
a
special
thanksgiving
after
the
storm
passed
safely
.
•
They
offered
a
brief
thanksgiving
before
the
meal
.
They
offered
a
brief
thanksgiving
before
the
meal
.
Thanksgiving
noun
-
Thanksgiving
an
annual
U
.
S
.
holiday
on
the
fourth
Thursday
of
November
for
giving
thanks
,
marked
by
family
gatherings
and
a
festive
meal
•
We
always
travel
home
for
Thanksgiving
to
eat
turkey
with
the
whole
family
.
We
always
travel
home
for
Thanksgiving
to
eat
turkey
with
the
whole
family
.
•
The
parade
in
New
York
City
is
one
of
the
highlights
of
Thanksgiving
.
The
parade
in
New
York
City
is
one
of
the
highlights
of
Thanksgiving
.
Proclaimed
as
a
national
holiday
by
U
.
S
.
President
Abraham
Lincoln
in
1863
,
building
on
regional
harvest
festivals
.
noun
-
Thanksgiving
an
annual
Canadian
holiday
on
the
second
Monday
of
October
for
giving
thanks
and
celebrating
the
harvest
•
Canadians
often
spend
Thanksgiving
weekend
at
cottages
enjoying
fall
colours
.
Canadians
often
spend
Thanksgiving
weekend
at
cottages
enjoying
fall
colours
.
•
Our
school
collects
food
for
charity
each
Thanksgiving
.
Our
school
collects
food
for
charity
each
Thanksgiving
.
Originated
from
European
harvest
festivals
;
officially
declared
a
national
holiday
in
Canada
in
1879
.
cave
verb
-
cave
,
caving
,
caves
,
caved
to
fall
in
or
collapse
suddenly
,
especially
when
the
roof
or
sides
of
something
give
way
•
Heavy
rain
caused
part
of
the
tunnel
to
cave
unexpectedly
.
Heavy
rain
caused
part
of
the
tunnel
to
cave
unexpectedly
.
•
Be
careful
;
the
snow
may
cave
under
your
weight
.
Be
careful
;
the
snow
may
cave
under
your
weight
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
:
a
roof
collapses
and
forms
a
cavity
.
verb
-
cave
,
caving
,
caves
,
caved
(
informal
)
to
finally
agree
to
something
after
resisting
;
to
give
in
to
pressure
•
After
hours
of
negotiation
,
the
manager
caved
and
accepted
our
proposal
.
After
hours
of
negotiation
,
the
manager
caved
and
accepted
our
proposal
.
•
I
tried
to
stick
to
my
diet
,
but
I
caved
when
I
smelled
the
fresh
pizza
.
I
tried
to
stick
to
my
diet
,
but
I
caved
when
I
smelled
the
fresh
pizza
.
Metaphor
from
the
idea
of
collapsing
like
a
roof
that
caves
in
.
driving
noun
-
driving
the
activity
of
controlling
and
operating
a
car
or
other
vehicle
on
roads
•
Driving
at
night
makes
him
feel
relaxed
.
Driving
at
night
makes
him
feel
relaxed
.
•
After
months
of
lessons
,
Maria
finally
passed
her
driving
test
.
After
months
of
lessons
,
Maria
finally
passed
her
driving
test
.
verb
-
drive
,
driving
,
drives
,
drove
,
driven
present
participle
of
drive
•
She
is
driving
to
work
right
now
.
She
is
driving
to
work
right
now
.
•
While
driving
,
he
likes
to
listen
to
podcasts
.
While
driving
,
he
likes
to
listen
to
podcasts
.
adjective
pushing
something
forward
with
great
energy
or
force
•
Her
driving
ambition
helped
the
company
grow
quickly
.
Her
driving
ambition
helped
the
company
grow
quickly
.
•
The
new
coach
brought
a
driving
spirit
to
the
team
.
The
new
coach
brought
a
driving
spirit
to
the
team
.
adjective
moving
fiercely
and
forcefully
,
especially
of
rain
,
snow
,
or
wind
•
They
battled
through
driving
rain
to
reach
the
shelter
.
They
battled
through
driving
rain
to
reach
the
shelter
.
•
The
hikers
struggled
against
a
driving
snowstorm
in
the
mountains
.
The
hikers
struggled
against
a
driving
snowstorm
in
the
mountains
.
brave
verb
-
brave
,
braving
,
braves
,
braved
to
face
or
deal
with
something
dangerous
,
difficult
,
or
unpleasant
without
showing
fear
•
The
hikers
braved
the
snowstorm
to
reach
the
mountain
cabin
before
nightfall
.
The
hikers
braved
the
snowstorm
to
reach
the
mountain
cabin
before
nightfall
.
•
She
braves
the
crowded
subway
every
morning
to
get
to
work
.
She
braves
the
crowded
subway
every
morning
to
get
to
work
.
From
the
adjective
“
brave
,”
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
15th
century
meaning
“
make
brave
,”
later
developing
into
“
face
with
courage
.”
civilian
noun
a
person
who
is
not
a
member
of
the
armed
forces
,
the
police
,
or
any
other
uniformed
service
•
The
civilian
stood
on
the
sidewalk
watching
the
military
parade
pass
.
The
civilian
stood
on
the
sidewalk
watching
the
military
parade
pass
.
•
During
the
rescue
mission
,
soldiers
ensured
every
civilian
was
safely
evacuated
from
the
flooded
village
.
During
the
rescue
mission
,
soldiers
ensured
every
civilian
was
safely
evacuated
from
the
flooded
village
.
Late
Middle
English
(
in
the
sense
‘
judge
or
expert
in
civil
law
’):
from
Old
French
civilien
,
from
civil
.
adjective
relating
to
or
intended
for
people
who
are
not
in
the
armed
forces
or
the
police
•
After
leaving
the
army
,
she
bought
a
set
of
civilian
clothes
for
her
new
office
job
.
After
leaving
the
army
,
she
bought
a
set
of
civilian
clothes
for
her
new
office
job
.
•
The
old
military
runway
is
now
used
for
civilian
flights
.
The
old
military
runway
is
now
used
for
civilian
flights
.
divine
adjective
extremely
pleasant
,
beautiful
,
or
delicious
•
This
chocolate
cake
tastes
absolutely
divine
.
This
chocolate
cake
tastes
absolutely
divine
.
•
The
sunset
over
the
mountains
looked
divine
last
night
.
The
sunset
over
the
mountains
looked
divine
last
night
.
adjective
coming
from
,
belonging
to
,
or
like
a
god
•
The
ancient
temple
was
built
to
honor
a
divine
power
beyond
human
understanding
.
The
ancient
temple
was
built
to
honor
a
divine
power
beyond
human
understanding
.
•
Many
villagers
saw
the
sudden
rainbow
as
a
divine
sign
of
hope
after
the
storm
.
Many
villagers
saw
the
sudden
rainbow
as
a
divine
sign
of
hope
after
the
storm
.
From
Latin
divinus
,
from
divus
“
godlike
”,
related
to
deus
“
god
”.
verb
-
divine
,
divining
,
divines
,
divined
to
discover
or
understand
something
without
obvious
evidence
,
often
by
intuition
or
guessing
•
From
the
puzzled
look
on
her
face
,
he
managed
to
divine
the
correct
answer
.
From
the
puzzled
look
on
her
face
,
he
managed
to
divine
the
correct
answer
.
•
Ancient
dowsers
tried
to
divine
underground
water
with
forked
sticks
.
Ancient
dowsers
tried
to
divine
underground
water
with
forked
sticks
.
noun
a
person
who
is
an
expert
in
theology
,
especially
a
priest
or
scholar
•
The
king
consulted
a
learned
divine
before
making
his
decree
.
The
king
consulted
a
learned
divine
before
making
his
decree
.
•
As
a
young
divine
,
she
spent
years
studying
ancient
Greek
texts
.
As
a
young
divine
,
she
spent
years
studying
ancient
Greek
texts
.
province
noun
a
large
part
of
a
country
that
has
its
own
local
government
or
administrative
division
•
Quebec
is
the
largest
province
in
Canada
by
area
.
Quebec
is
the
largest
province
in
Canada
by
area
.
•
They
traveled
through
every
province
of
Vietnam
on
motorbikes
.
They
traveled
through
every
province
of
Vietnam
on
motorbikes
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
provincia
"
territory
under
Roman
rule
".
noun
(
the
provinces
)
all
parts
of
a
country
that
are
outside
the
capital
city
•
After
years
in
London
,
she
moved
back
to
the
provinces
.
After
years
in
London
,
she
moved
back
to
the
provinces
.
•
Artists
from
the
provinces
often
struggle
to
break
into
the
capital's
galleries
.
Artists
from
the
provinces
often
struggle
to
break
into
the
capital's
galleries
.
noun
a
field
of
activity
,
knowledge
,
or
responsibility
that
belongs
to
a
particular
person
or
group
•
Finance
is
the
province
of
the
accounting
department
.
Finance
is
the
province
of
the
accounting
department
.
•
Matters
of
discipline
are
the
teacher's
province
.
Matters
of
discipline
are
the
teacher's
province
.
noun
(
religion
)
an
ecclesiastical
district
under
the
authority
of
an
archbishop
•
The
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
oversees
the
province
of
Canterbury
.
The
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
oversees
the
province
of
Canterbury
.
•
Each
diocesan
bishop
within
the
province
reports
to
the
archbishop
.
Each
diocesan
bishop
within
the
province
reports
to
the
archbishop
.
convict
noun
a
person
who
has
been
found
guilty
of
a
crime
,
especially
someone
serving
a
sentence
in
prison
•
The
prison
guard
led
the
convict
back
to
his
cell
.
The
prison
guard
led
the
convict
back
to
his
cell
.
•
After
twenty
years
behind
bars
,
the
convict
was
finally
released
on
parole
.
After
twenty
years
behind
bars
,
the
convict
was
finally
released
on
parole
.
From
Latin
“
convictus
”,
past
participle
of
“
convincere
”
meaning
“
to
prove
,
overcome
” ;
in
English
used
since
the
15th
century
for
a
person
proved
guilty
.
verb
to
decide
officially
in
a
court
of
law
that
someone
is
guilty
of
a
crime
•
The
jury
took
only
an
hour
to
convict
the
defendant
of
robbery
.
The
jury
took
only
an
hour
to
convict
the
defendant
of
robbery
.
•
Without
clear
evidence
,
it
is
impossible
to
convict
her
.
Without
clear
evidence
,
it
is
impossible
to
convict
her
.
From
Latin
“
convictus
”,
past
participle
of
“
convincere
”,
meaning
“
to
prove
completely
”;
in
English
legal
use
since
the
early
16th
century
.
inevitable
adjective
certain
to
happen
and
impossible
to
avoid
or
stop
•
After
months
of
drought
,
the
farmers
knew
that
water
restrictions
were
inevitable
.
After
months
of
drought
,
the
farmers
knew
that
water
restrictions
were
inevitable
.
•
With
so
many
cars
sliding
on
the
icy
highway
,
accidents
seemed
inevitable
.
With
so
many
cars
sliding
on
the
icy
highway
,
accidents
seemed
inevitable
.
From
Late
Latin
inevitabilis
,
from
Latin
in-
“
not
”
+
evitabilis
“
avoidable
”,
from
evitare
“
to
avoid
”.
noun
-
inevitable
something
that
is
sure
to
happen
and
cannot
be
avoided
,
especially
death
or
change
•
Everyone
must
face
the
inevitable
someday
.
Everyone
must
face
the
inevitable
someday
.
•
After
weeks
of
warnings
,
the
factory
closure
became
the
inevitable
.
After
weeks
of
warnings
,
the
factory
closure
became
the
inevitable
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
from
Late
Latin
inevitabilis
.
behavioral
adjective
relating
to
the
way
a
person
or
animal
behaves
,
or
to
the
scientific
study
of
behaviour
•
The
new
teacher
used
behavioral
strategies
to
keep
the
class
focused
and
calm
.
The
new
teacher
used
behavioral
strategies
to
keep
the
class
focused
and
calm
.
•
Scientists
carried
out
a
behavioral
study
on
dolphins
to
understand
how
they
communicate
underwater
.
Scientists
carried
out
a
behavioral
study
on
dolphins
to
understand
how
they
communicate
underwater
.
From
the
noun
behavior
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
in
psychological
literature
.
behavioural
adjective
relating
to
the
way
a
person
or
animal
behaves
,
or
to
the
scientific
study
of
behaviour
•
The
new
teacher
used
behavioural
strategies
to
keep
the
class
focused
and
calm
.
The
new
teacher
used
behavioural
strategies
to
keep
the
class
focused
and
calm
.
•
Researchers
carried
out
a
behavioural
study
on
dolphins
to
understand
how
they
communicate
underwater
.
Researchers
carried
out
a
behavioural
study
on
dolphins
to
understand
how
they
communicate
underwater
.
Spelling
variant
of
U
.
S
. “
behavioral
,”
formed
from
behaviour
+
-al
.
provided
verb
-
provide
,
providing
,
provides
,
provided
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
provide
•
The
tour
guide
provided
fascinating
stories
about
each
artifact
in
the
museum
.
The
tour
guide
provided
fascinating
stories
about
each
artifact
in
the
museum
.
•
They
have
provided
extra
blankets
for
the
guests
because
the
night
will
be
cold
.
They
have
provided
extra
blankets
for
the
guests
because
the
night
will
be
cold
.
conjunction
used
to
say
that
something
will
happen
or
be
allowed
only
if
another
thing
happens
or
is
true
•
You
can
borrow
my
bike
provided
you
bring
it
back
before
dark
.
You
can
borrow
my
bike
provided
you
bring
it
back
before
dark
.
•
Employees
may
leave
early
provided
all
their
reports
are
finished
.
Employees
may
leave
early
provided
all
their
reports
are
finished
.
invisible
adjective
impossible
to
be
seen
with
the
eyes
because
no
light
is
reflected
or
because
it
is
hidden
•
The
shy
chameleon
blended
into
the
green
leaves
so
well
that
it
became
almost
invisible
.
The
shy
chameleon
blended
into
the
green
leaves
so
well
that
it
became
almost
invisible
.
•
Tiny
dust
particles
are
invisible
to
the
naked
eye
but
show
up
clearly
under
a
microscope
.
Tiny
dust
particles
are
invisible
to
the
naked
eye
but
show
up
clearly
under
a
microscope
.
From
Latin
invisibilis
,
from
in-
“
not
”
+
visibilis
“
able
to
be
seen
”.
invisibles
noun
intangible
services
or
financial
transactions
,
such
as
tourism
or
insurance
,
that
earn
money
for
a
country
but
do
not
involve
shipping
physical
goods
•
Tourism
and
banking
are
major
invisibles
that
boost
the
country's
economy
.
Tourism
and
banking
are
major
invisibles
that
boost
the
country's
economy
.
•
The
government
’
s
plan
aims
to
expand
invisibles
to
reduce
dependence
on
oil
exports
.
The
government
’
s
plan
aims
to
expand
invisibles
to
reduce
dependence
on
oil
exports
.
Derived
from
invisible
+
plural
-s
,
referring
to
earnings
that
cannot
be
physically
seen
.
gravity
noun
-
gravity
the
natural
force
that
pulls
objects
toward
the
centre
of
the
Earth
or
any
other
large
body
in
space
•
The
apple
slipped
from
the
tree
and
fell
to
the
ground
because
of
gravity
.
The
apple
slipped
from
the
tree
and
fell
to
the
ground
because
of
gravity
.
•
Astronauts
on
the
Moon
experience
weaker
gravity
than
on
Earth
.
Astronauts
on
the
Moon
experience
weaker
gravity
than
on
Earth
.
From
Old
French
gravité
,
from
Latin
gravitās
“
heaviness
,
weight
,
seriousness
”,
from
gravis
“
heavy
”.
noun
-
gravity
the
seriousness
or
importance
of
a
situation
,
decision
,
or
manner
•
Everyone
understood
the
gravity
of
the
situation
when
the
power
plant
shut
down
.
Everyone
understood
the
gravity
of
the
situation
when
the
power
plant
shut
down
.
•
Her
voice
carried
a
sense
of
gravity
that
made
the
room
fall
silent
.
Her
voice
carried
a
sense
of
gravity
that
made
the
room
fall
silent
.
Sense
of
“
seriousness
”
developed
in
the
16th
century
from
the
earlier
Latin
meaning
of
weight
and
heaviness
.
evident
adjective
easy
to
see
,
notice
,
or
understand
because
it
is
very
clear
•
It
was
evident
from
her
wide
smile
that
she
had
aced
the
test
.
It
was
evident
from
her
wide
smile
that
she
had
aced
the
test
.
•
The
cracked
window
made
the
storm
damage
evident
to
everyone
in
the
room
.
The
cracked
window
made
the
storm
damage
evident
to
everyone
in
the
room
.
from
Latin
“
evidēns
”
meaning
“
obvious
”
or
“
apparent
”,
formed
from
“
ex-
” (
out
)
+
“
vidēre
” (
to
see
)
vitamin
noun
a
natural
substance
found
in
food
(
or
taken
as
a
pill
)
that
the
body
needs
in
very
small
amounts
to
grow
,
stay
healthy
,
and
work
properly
•
Eating
fresh
oranges
every
morning
gives
your
body
the
vitamin
C
it
needs
.
Eating
fresh
oranges
every
morning
gives
your
body
the
vitamin
C
it
needs
.
•
My
doctor
told
me
to
take
a
vitamin
tablet
with
breakfast
each
day
.
My
doctor
told
me
to
take
a
vitamin
tablet
with
breakfast
each
day
.
Early
20th
century
:
from
Latin
vita
“
life
”
+
amine
,
because
the
first
vitamins
discovered
were
thought
to
be
amines
.
retrieve
verb
-
retrieve
,
retrieving
,
retrieves
,
retrieved
(
of
a
trained
dog
)
to
go
after
something
and
bring
it
back
to
its
owner
•
The
hunter
watched
his
Labrador
retrieve
the
duck
from
the
water
.
The
hunter
watched
his
Labrador
retrieve
the
duck
from
the
water
.
•
At
the
park
,
the
dog
happily
retrieved
the
tennis
ball
again
and
again
.
At
the
park
,
the
dog
happily
retrieved
the
tennis
ball
again
and
again
.
verb
-
retrieve
,
retrieving
,
retrieves
,
retrieved
to
get
something
back
that
was
lost
,
stolen
,
or
left
behind
•
After
realizing
he
forgot
his
passport
at
home
,
Jake
hurried
back
to
retrieve
it
before
the
flight
.
After
realizing
he
forgot
his
passport
at
home
,
Jake
hurried
back
to
retrieve
it
before
the
flight
.
•
The
police
managed
to
retrieve
the
stolen
painting
unharmed
.
The
police
managed
to
retrieve
the
stolen
painting
unharmed
.
From
Middle
French
retirer
"
draw
back
",
later
"
get
back
";
influenced
by
English
"
receive
".
verb
-
retrieve
,
retrieving
,
retrieves
,
retrieved
to
obtain
stored
information
or
data
•
The
librarian
taught
us
how
to
retrieve
historical
documents
from
the
online
archive
.
The
librarian
taught
us
how
to
retrieve
historical
documents
from
the
online
archive
.
•
It
only
takes
seconds
for
the
app
to
retrieve
your
medical
records
.
It
only
takes
seconds
for
the
app
to
retrieve
your
medical
records
.
verb
-
retrieve
,
retrieving
,
retrieves
,
retrieved
to
succeed
in
making
a
bad
situation
better
or
acceptable
again
•
A
late
goal
helped
the
team
retrieve
a
draw
from
what
looked
like
certain
defeat
.
A
late
goal
helped
the
team
retrieve
a
draw
from
what
looked
like
certain
defeat
.
•
She
managed
to
retrieve
her
reputation
with
a
heartfelt
apology
.
She
managed
to
retrieve
her
reputation
with
a
heartfelt
apology
.
convinced
adjective
certain
that
something
is
true
or
will
happen
•
After
reading
the
evidence
,
Maria
was
convinced
the
invention
would
work
.
After
reading
the
evidence
,
Maria
was
convinced
the
invention
would
work
.
•
"
I
’
m
convinced
this
shortcut
will
save
us
time
,"
the
male
driver
said
while
turning
down
a
narrow
side
street
.
"
I
’
m
convinced
this
shortcut
will
save
us
time
,"
the
male
driver
said
while
turning
down
a
narrow
side
street
.
verb
-
convince
,
convincing
,
convinces
,
convinced
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
convince
•
The
advertisement
convinced
me
to
try
the
new
coffee
brand
.
The
advertisement
convinced
me
to
try
the
new
coffee
brand
.
•
His
calm
explanation
finally
convinced
the
angry
customer
.
His
calm
explanation
finally
convinced
the
angry
customer
.
adjective
having
a
strong
and
lasting
belief
in
a
particular
idea
,
cause
,
or
religion
•
Lena
is
a
convinced
pacifist
who
refuses
to
carry
any
weapons
.
Lena
is
a
convinced
pacifist
who
refuses
to
carry
any
weapons
.
•
As
a
convinced
environmentalist
,
he
cycles
to
work
every
day
.
As
a
convinced
environmentalist
,
he
cycles
to
work
every
day
.
supervisor
noun
a
person
who
oversees
and
guides
the
work
or
study
of
others
to
make
sure
it
is
done
correctly
•
The
factory
supervisor
walked
along
the
assembly
line
,
checking
each
station
.
The
factory
supervisor
walked
along
the
assembly
line
,
checking
each
station
.
•
If
you
need
help
,
ask
the
supervisor
at
the
front
desk
.
If
you
need
help
,
ask
the
supervisor
at
the
front
desk
.
Borrowed
from
Medieval
Latin
super-
‘
over
’
+
visere
‘
to
look
at
’,
literally
‘
one
who
looks
over
’.
noun
a
control
program
in
an
operating
system
that
manages
the
execution
of
other
programs
and
system
resources
•
The
kernel
’
s
supervisor
switches
rapidly
between
user
processes
to
keep
the
system
responsive
.
The
kernel
’
s
supervisor
switches
rapidly
between
user
processes
to
keep
the
system
responsive
.
•
When
the
supervisor
detects
a
fault
,
it
immediately
halts
the
offending
program
.
When
the
supervisor
detects
a
fault
,
it
immediately
halts
the
offending
program
.
Extension
of
the
general
sense
‘
one
who
oversees
’
to
computer
science
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
archive
verb
-
archive
,
archiving
,
archives
,
archived
to
place
documents
,
data
,
or
other
materials
into
long-term
storage
so
they
can
be
preserved
and
consulted
later
•
After
scanning
the
letters
,
the
librarian
archived
them
in
a
secure
database
.
After
scanning
the
letters
,
the
librarian
archived
them
in
a
secure
database
.
•
Make
sure
you
archive
old
emails
so
your
inbox
stays
tidy
.
Make
sure
you
archive
old
emails
so
your
inbox
stays
tidy
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
mid-17th
century
meaning
‘
place
in
the
archives
’.
relieve
verb
-
relieve
,
relieving
,
relieves
,
relieved
to
make
pain
,
worry
,
or
an
unpleasant
feeling
go
away
or
become
less
strong
•
She
took
an
aspirin
to
relieve
her
headache
.
She
took
an
aspirin
to
relieve
her
headache
.
•
A
short
walk
can
relieve
stress
after
a
long
day
at
the
office
.
A
short
walk
can
relieve
stress
after
a
long
day
at
the
office
.
From
Old
French
relever
“
raise
,
lighten
”,
from
Latin
relevare
“
lift
up
,
lighten
,
alleviate
”,
from
re-
“
again
”
+
levare
“
to
raise
”.
verb
-
relieve
,
relieving
,
relieves
,
relieved
to
take
over
someone
’
s
job
or
duty
for
a
time
so
they
can
rest
or
leave
•
The
night
guard
arrived
to
relieve
the
day
guard
at
six
o
’
clock
.
The
night
guard
arrived
to
relieve
the
day
guard
at
six
o
’
clock
.
•
A
substitute
teacher
was
called
in
to
relieve
Mr
.
Gomez
.
A
substitute
teacher
was
called
in
to
relieve
Mr
.
Gomez
.
verb
-
relieve
,
relieving
,
relieves
,
relieved
to
formally
remove
someone
from
their
job
,
position
,
or
responsibility
•
The
general
was
relieved
of
his
command
after
the
investigation
.
The
general
was
relieved
of
his
command
after
the
investigation
.
•
The
coach
was
relieved
of
his
duties
following
a
string
of
losses
.
The
coach
was
relieved
of
his
duties
following
a
string
of
losses
.
relieve oneself
verb
to
urinate
or
defecate
•
During
the
long
bus
ride
,
the
child
asked
to
stop
so
he
could
relieve
himself
.
During
the
long
bus
ride
,
the
child
asked
to
stop
so
he
could
relieve himself
.
•
The
backpacker
stepped
behind
a
bush
to
relieve
herself
.
The
backpacker
stepped
behind
a
bush
to
relieve herself
.
productivity
noun
-
productivity
the
rate
at
which
goods
or
services
are
produced
compared
with
the
resources
,
time
,
or
workers
needed
to
produce
them
•
Automation
raised
the
factory's
productivity
by
twenty
percent
.
Automation
raised
the
factory's
productivity
by
twenty
percent
.
•
Economists
compare
productivity
between
countries
to
understand
growth
.
Economists
compare
productivity
between
countries
to
understand
growth
.
From
productive
+
-ity
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
economic
output
per
worker
.
noun
-
productivity
a
person
’
s
ability
to
work
efficiently
and
get
a
lot
done
in
a
given
time
•
Using
a
planner
helps
me
track
tasks
and
improve
my
productivity
.
Using
a
planner
helps
me
track
tasks
and
improve
my
productivity
.
•
He
listens
to
instrumental
music
to
maintain
high
productivity
while
coding
.
He
listens
to
instrumental
music
to
maintain
high
productivity
while
coding
.
Extended
from
its
economic
sense
to
personal
work
habits
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
paralleling
the
rise
of
office
culture
and
self-help
literature
.
invitation
noun
a
spoken
or
written
request
asking
someone
to
come
to
an
event
,
join
an
activity
,
or
do
something
•
Maya
smiled
when
a
golden
invitation
to
the
wedding
arrived
in
her
mailbox
.
Maya
smiled
when
a
golden
invitation
to
the
wedding
arrived
in
her
mailbox
.
•
He
politely
declined
the
invitation
to
speak
at
the
conference
because
of
a
prior
engagement
.
He
politely
declined
the
invitation
to
speak
at
the
conference
because
of
a
prior
engagement
.
from
Latin
invitatio
,
from
invitare
“
to
invite
”,
entering
English
in
the
15th
century
noun
something
that
makes
a
particular
action
,
often
a
wrong
or
unwanted
one
,
seem
easy
or
tempting
to
do
•
Leaving
your
bike
unlocked
is
an
invitation
to
thieves
.
Leaving
your
bike
unlocked
is
an
invitation
to
thieves
.
•
The
warm
lights
and
open
door
felt
like
an
invitation
to
step
inside
the
cozy
café
.
The
warm
lights
and
open
door
felt
like
an
invitation
to
step
inside
the
cozy
café
.
figurative
extension
of
the
primary
sense
in
the
17th
century
,
using
the
idea
of
“
inviting
”
trouble
or
action
creativity
noun
-
creativity
the
ability
to
use
your
imagination
to
produce
new
and
original
ideas
or
things
•
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
to
use
their
creativity
when
designing
the
science
project
.
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
to
use
their
creativity
when
designing
the
science
project
.
•
Her
creativity
shines
through
in
every
painting
she
makes
.
Her
creativity
shines
through
in
every
painting
she
makes
.
From
the
adjective
“
creative
”
+
“
-ity
”;
popularized
in
English
in
the
early
19th
century
to
name
the
quality
of
being
creative
.
shove
verb
-
shove
,
shoving
,
shoves
,
shoved
to
push
someone
or
something
roughly
,
using
your
hands
or
body
•
The
impatient
crowd
shoved
forward
when
the
gates
opened
.
The
impatient
crowd
shoved
forward
when
the
gates
opened
.
•
“
Stop
shoving
me
;
there's
plenty
of
space
in
the
line
,”
Maria
protested
.
“
Stop
shoving
me
;
there's
plenty
of
space
in
the
line
,”
Maria
protested
.
From
Middle
English
shoven
,
from
Old
English
scūfan
“
to
push
,
thrust
.”
Cognate
with
German
schieben
.
verb
-
shove
,
shoving
,
shoves
,
shoved
to
put
something
somewhere
quickly
and
without
much
care
•
Lisa
quickly
shoved
the
letter
into
her
pocket
when
she
heard
footsteps
.
Lisa
quickly
shoved
the
letter
into
her
pocket
when
she
heard
footsteps
.
•
He
shoved
his
keys
on
the
shelf
and
rushed
to
answer
the
phone
.
He
shoved
his
keys
on
the
shelf
and
rushed
to
answer
the
phone
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
from
Old
English
scūfan
“
to
push
,”
later
extended
to
pushing
objects
somewhere
quickly
.
serving
noun
an
amount
of
food
or
drink
that
is
enough
for
one
person
•
The
recipe
says
one
serving
of
pasta
equals
about
two
cups
.
The
recipe
says
one
serving
of
pasta
equals
about
two
cups
.
•
She
put
a
generous
serving
of
ice
cream
into
each
bowl
.
She
put
a
generous
serving
of
ice
cream
into
each
bowl
.
From
serve
+
-ing
,
originally
the
present
participle
of
serve
,
later
used
as
a
noun
for
a
portion
.
adjective
currently
working
in
an
official
,
military
,
or
professional
position
•
The
award
was
presented
by
a
serving
judge
of
the
Supreme
Court
.
The
award
was
presented
by
a
serving
judge
of
the
Supreme
Court
.
•
Only
serving
members
of
the
military
can
enter
that
building
.
Only
serving
members
of
the
military
can
enter
that
building
.
Extended
from
the
present
participle
of
serve
,
describing
someone
who
is
in
active
service
.
noun
-
serving
the
act
of
giving
help
,
carrying
out
duties
,
or
providing
food
,
drinks
,
or
assistance
to
others
•
Serving
customers
politely
is
essential
in
the
hospitality
industry
.
Serving
customers
politely
is
essential
in
the
hospitality
industry
.
•
Her
volunteer
serving
at
the
shelter
inspired
her
friends
.
Her
volunteer
serving
at
the
shelter
inspired
her
friends
.
Gerund
of
serve
used
as
a
noun
since
Middle
English
,
originally
describing
religious
or
feudal
duties
,
later
broadened
.
improved
verb
-
improve
,
improving
,
improves
,
improved
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
improve
•
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria's
English
improved
dramatically
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria's
English
improved
dramatically
.
•
The
team
improved
its
record
by
winning
three
games
in
a
row
.
The
team
improved
its
record
by
winning
three
games
in
a
row
.
From
late
Middle
English
past
participle
of
improve
,
formed
by
adding
-ed
.
conceive
verb
-
conceive
,
conceiving
,
conceives
,
conceived
to
create
or
think
of
a
new
idea
,
plan
,
or
invention
•
The
engineer
conceived
a
brilliant
new
way
to
store
solar
energy
.
The
engineer
conceived
a
brilliant
new
way
to
store
solar
energy
.
•
They
conceived
the
festival
as
a
celebration
of
local
art
and
food
.
They
conceived
the
festival
as
a
celebration
of
local
art
and
food
.
From
Middle
English
conceiven
,
from
Old
French
conceivre
,
from
Latin
concipere
“
to
take
in
,
to
take
up
,”
later
“
to
form
in
the
mind
.”
verb
-
conceive
,
conceiving
,
conceives
,
conceived
to
imagine
something
or
form
a
mental
picture
of
it
,
often
expressed
with
the
particle
“
of
”
•
I
can
hardly
conceive of
a
life
without
the
internet
.
I
can
hardly
conceive of
a
life
without
the
internet
.
•
Try
to
conceive of
colors
that
no
one
has
ever
seen
.
Try
to
conceive of
colors
that
no
one
has
ever
seen
.
verb
-
conceive
,
conceiving
,
conceives
,
conceived
to
become
pregnant
and
start
to
develop
a
baby
•
After
years
of
trying
,
the
couple
finally
conceived
last
spring
.
After
years
of
trying
,
the
couple
finally
conceived
last
spring
.
•
Some
animals
can
conceive
only
during
certain
seasons
.
Some
animals
can
conceive
only
during
certain
seasons
.
verb
-
conceive
,
conceiving
,
conceives
,
conceived
to
cause
a
baby
or
young
to
be
created
in
a
female
’
s
body
•
The
stallion
conceived
a
foal
with
the
mare
during
the
spring
breeding
season
.
The
stallion
conceived
a
foal
with
the
mare
during
the
spring
breeding
season
.
•
Certain
fertility
treatments
help
patients
conceive
healthy
embryos
in
vitro
.
Certain
fertility
treatments
help
patients
conceive
healthy
embryos
in
vitro
.
carve
verb
-
carve
,
carving
,
carves
,
carved
to
cut
wood
,
stone
,
or
another
solid
material
so
that
it
forms
a
particular
shape
or
design
•
The
artist
carved
a
tiny
owl
out
of
a
bar
of
soap
.
The
artist
carved
a
tiny
owl
out
of
a
bar
of
soap
.
•
Using
a
sharp
chisel
,
a
young
man
carved
patterns
into
a
piece
of
wood
for
his
school
project
.
Using
a
sharp
chisel
,
a
young
man
carved
patterns
into
a
piece
of
wood
for
his
school
project
.
Old
English
ceorfan
“
to
cut
,
carve
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*kerbaną
.
verb
-
carve
,
carving
,
carves
,
carved
to
cut
cooked
meat
or
poultry
into
pieces
or
slices
for
serving
•
Dad
carved
the
roast
chicken
at
the
dinner
table
.
Dad
carved
the
roast
chicken
at
the
dinner
table
.
•
At
Thanksgiving
,
my
uncle
carves
the
turkey
for
everyone
.
At
Thanksgiving
,
my
uncle
carves
the
turkey
for
everyone
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
English
ceorfan
“
to
cut
,”
later
applied
to
serving
meat
.
loving
verb
-
love
,
loving
,
loves
,
loved
present
participle
and
gerund
of
love
•
The
children
are
loving
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
The
children
are
loving
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
•
Loving
her
job
keeps
Maria
motivated
every
morning
.
Loving
her
job
keeps
Maria
motivated
every
morning
.
adjective
feeling
or
showing
deep
affection
and
care
for
someone
or
something
•
The
loving
mother
wrapped
a
warm
scarf
around
her
son
before
school
.
The
loving
mother
wrapped
a
warm
scarf
around
her
son
before
school
.
•
Their
grandparents
are
always
loving
and
patient
during
family
visits
.
Their
grandparents
are
always
loving
and
patient
during
family
visits
.
viable
adjective
capable
of
working
successfully
or
being
achieved
•
The
city
decided
that
expanding
the
subway
was
the
only
viable
solution
to
traffic
jams
.
The
city
decided
that
expanding
the
subway
was
the
only
viable
solution
to
traffic
jams
.
•
Solar
power
became
financially
viable
once
panel
prices
dropped
.
Solar
power
became
financially
viable
once
panel
prices
dropped
.
From
French
viable
,
from
vie
“
life
”,
ultimately
from
Latin
vita
“
life
”.
adjective
(
Biology
)
able
to
live
,
grow
,
or
develop
successfully
•
The
doctor
explained
that
the
premature
baby
was
now
viable
outside
the
womb
.
The
doctor
explained
that
the
premature
baby
was
now
viable
outside
the
womb
.
•
Only
viable
seeds
will
sprout
into
healthy
plants
.
Only
viable
seeds
will
sprout
into
healthy
plants
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
:
French
viable
,
from
vie
“
life
”.
perceived
verb
-
perceive
,
perceiving
,
perceives
,
perceived
the
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
perceive
•
Maria
perceived
a
strange
smell
as
soon
as
she
walked
into
the
kitchen
.
Maria
perceived
a
strange
smell
as
soon
as
she
walked
into
the
kitchen
.
•
The
villagers
perceived
the
loud
bang
as
an
omen
of
a
coming
storm
.
The
villagers
perceived
the
loud
bang
as
an
omen
of
a
coming
storm
.
thrive
verb
-
thrive
,
thriving
,
thrives
,
throve
,
thrived
,
thriven
to
grow
or
develop
strongly
and
healthily
•
With
plenty
of
sunlight
and
water
,
the
tomato
plant
began
to
thrive
.
With
plenty
of
sunlight
and
water
,
the
tomato
plant
began
to
thrive
.
•
After
moving
to
the
countryside
,
the
young
couple
watched
their
garden
thrive
.
After
moving
to
the
countryside
,
the
young
couple
watched
their
garden
thrive
.
From
Old
Norse
‘
þrífa
’
meaning
‘
to
grasp
,
seize
’
which
evolved
into
the
sense
of
‘
grasping
life
well
’
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
thrive
,
thriving
,
thrives
,
throve
,
thrived
,
thriven
to
become
very
successful
,
strong
,
or
profitable
•
The
small
bakery
has
thrived
since
it
started
offering
gluten-free
cakes
.
The
small
bakery
has
thrived
since
it
started
offering
gluten-free
cakes
.
•
Online
teaching
platforms
thrive
when
internet
access
improves
in
rural
areas
.
Online
teaching
platforms
thrive
when
internet
access
improves
in
rural
areas
.
verb
-
thrive
,
thriving
,
thrives
,
throve
,
thrived
,
thriven
to
do
very
well
,
especially
in
difficult
or
challenging
conditions
•
Some
artists
thrive
on
tight
deadlines
and
pressure
.
Some
artists
thrive
on
tight
deadlines
and
pressure
.
•
Desert
plants
thrive
despite
scorching
heat
and
little
rain
.
Desert
plants
thrive
despite
scorching
heat
and
little
rain
.
sensitivity
noun
-
sensitivity
,
sensitivities
,
sensitize
,
sensitizing
,
sensitizes
,
sensitized
the
quality
of
reacting
quickly
or
strongly
to
physical
things
such
as
light
,
sound
,
temperature
,
or
touch
•
Some
people
have
extreme
sensitivity
to
bright
light
and
must
wear
sunglasses
indoors
.
Some
people
have
extreme
sensitivity
to
bright
light
and
must
wear
sunglasses
indoors
.
•
The
new
face
cream
is
designed
for
skin
with
heightened
sensitivity
.
The
new
face
cream
is
designed
for
skin
with
heightened
sensitivity
.
From
sensitive
+
-ity
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
18th
century
,
following
the
French
sensibilité
.
noun
-
sensitivity
,
sensitivities
,
sensitize
,
sensitizing
,
sensitizes
,
sensitized
the
ability
to
notice
and
understand
other
people
’
s
feelings
and
needs
•
His
sensitivity
toward
his
friend's
grief
was
appreciated
.
His
sensitivity
toward
his
friend's
grief
was
appreciated
.
•
A
good
teacher
shows
sensitivity
to
different
learning
styles
.
A
good
teacher
shows
sensitivity
to
different
learning
styles
.
noun
-
sensitivity
,
sensitivities
,
sensitize
,
sensitizing
,
sensitizes
,
sensitized
a
tendency
to
be
easily
hurt
or
offended
by
what
other
people
say
or
do
•
Because
of
her
sensitivity
about
her
accent
,
she
avoided
speaking
in
public
.
Because
of
her
sensitivity
about
her
accent
,
she
avoided
speaking
in
public
.
•
He
reacted
with
undue
sensitivity
to
a
harmless
joke
.
He
reacted
with
undue
sensitivity
to
a
harmless
joke
.
noun
-
sensitivity
,
sensitivities
,
sensitize
,
sensitizing
,
sensitizes
,
sensitized
the
degree
to
which
a
device
,
test
,
or
system
can
detect
or
respond
to
very
small
changes
or
signals
•
The
microphone's
high
sensitivity
picks
up
even
the
faintest
whispers
.
The
microphone's
high
sensitivity
picks
up
even
the
faintest
whispers
.
•
Scientists
improved
the
sensor's
sensitivity
for
more
accurate
readings
.
Scientists
improved
the
sensor's
sensitivity
for
more
accurate
readings
.
civic
adjective
relating
to
a
city
or
town
,
its
local
government
,
and
the
public
services
or
buildings
it
provides
•
The
new
mayor
promised
to
improve
civic
services
like
buses
and
libraries
.
The
new
mayor
promised
to
improve
civic
services
like
buses
and
libraries
.
•
Many
tourists
admire
the
grand
civic
buildings
around
the
main
square
.
Many
tourists
admire
the
grand
civic
buildings
around
the
main
square
.
From
Latin
civicus
“
relating
to
citizens
”,
from
civis
“
citizen
”.
adjective
relating
to
the
duties
,
rights
,
and
involvement
of
citizens
in
their
community
and
government
•
Voting
is
considered
a
basic
civic duty
in
many
democracies
.
Voting
is
considered
a
basic
civic duty
in
many
democracies
.
•
The
campaign
encourages
teenagers
to
show
civic responsibility
by
keeping
the
streets
clean
.
The
campaign
encourages
teenagers
to
show
civic responsibility
by
keeping
the
streets
clean
.
From
Latin
civicus
“
relating
to
citizens
”,
from
civis
“
citizen
”.
strive
verb
-
strive
,
striving
,
strives
,
strove
,
strived
,
striven
to
try
very
hard
over
a
period
of
time
to
do
or
achieve
something
•
The
young
scientist
strives
every
day
to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease
.
The
young
scientist
strives
every
day
to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease
.
•
Athletes
must
strive
for
excellence
if
they
want
to
win
a
gold
medal
.
Athletes
must
strive
for
excellence
if
they
want
to
win
a
gold
medal
.
From
Middle
English
striven
,
from
Old
French
estriver
“
to
quarrel
,
contend
”,
of
Germanic
origin
.
verb
-
strive
,
striving
,
strives
,
strove
,
strived
,
striven
(
literary
)
to
struggle
or
fight
against
someone
or
something
•
The
knights
strove
against
the
invaders
to
defend
their
kingdom
.
The
knights
strove
against
the
invaders
to
defend
their
kingdom
.
•
She
strives
with
inner
doubts
that
threaten
her
peace
.
She
strives
with
inner
doubts
that
threaten
her
peace
.
Same
origin
as
the
modern
sense
,
showing
earlier
meaning
of
physical
or
moral
struggle
.