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π
and
conjunction
used
to
join
words
,
phrases
,
or
clauses
that
add
one
thing
to
another
β’
I
bought
bread
and
milk
at
the
store
.
I
bought
bread
and
milk
at
the
store
.
β’
She
can
speak
English
and
Spanish
fluently
.
She
can
speak
English
and
Spanish
fluently
.
conjunction
used
to
show
the
next
action
happens
right
after
the
first
β’
She
finished
her
homework
and
went
to
bed
.
She
finished
her
homework
and
went
to
bed
.
β’
Take
the
ticket
and
wait
for
your
number
to
be
called
.
Take
the
ticket
and
wait
for
your
number
to
be
called
.
conjunction
used
to
show
that
the
second
action
is
the
direct
result
of
the
first
β’
Work
hard
and
you
will
reach
your
goals
.
Work
hard
and
you
will
reach
your
goals
.
β’
Hurry
and
you'll
catch
the
bus
.
Hurry
and
you'll
catch
the
bus
.
and/or
conjunction
used
between
two
or
more
possibilities
to
show
that
any
one
or
more
of
them
may
be
chosen
or
may
happen
β’
Please
indicate
whether
you
would
like
coffee
and/or
tea
.
Please
indicate
whether
you
would
like
coffee
and/or
tea
.
β’
The
policy
applies
to
students
and/or
staff
who
are
on
campus
after
hours
.
The
policy
applies
to
students
and/or
staff
who
are
on
campus
after
hours
.
formed
in
the
early
19th
century
by
combining
the
conjunctions
β
and
β
and
β
or
β
with
a
slash
to
indicate
that
either
or
both
options
may
apply
hand
noun
the
part
at
the
end
of
your
arm
that
has
a
palm
,
fingers
,
and
a
thumb
,
used
for
holding
,
touching
,
and
feeling
things
β’
Mia
raised
her
hand
to
answer
the
question
.
Mia
raised
her
hand
to
answer
the
question
.
β’
The
kitten
gently
licked
Jake's
open
hand
.
The
kitten
gently
licked
Jake's
open
hand
.
Old
English
β
hand
β
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
β
hand
β
and
German
β
Hand
β.
noun
the
part
of
the
body
at
the
end
of
the
arm
that
includes
the
palm
,
fingers
,
and
thumb
β’
Mia
raised
her
hand
to
ask
a
question
.
Mia
raised
her
hand
to
ask
a
question
.
β’
The
baby
gripped
his
father's
hand
tightly
while
learning
to
walk
.
The
baby
gripped
his
father's
hand
tightly
while
learning
to
walk
.
Old
English
"
hand
"
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
"
hand
"
and
German
"
Hand
".
noun
help
or
assistance
,
especially
when
someone
physically
helps
you
do
something
β’
Could
you
give
me
a
hand
with
this
heavy
box
?
Could
you
give
me
a
hand
with
this
heavy
box
?
β’
The
neighbors
offered
a
hand
after
the
storm
damaged
our
roof
.
The
neighbors
offered
a
hand
after
the
storm
damaged
our
roof
.
noun
one
of
the
long
thin
pointers
that
move
around
the
face
of
a
clock
to
show
the
time
β’
The
minute
hand
was
almost
at
twelve
when
the
bell
rang
.
The
minute
hand
was
almost
at
twelve
when
the
bell
rang
.
β’
Remember
to
move
the
hour
hand
back
one
hour
in
autumn
.
Remember
to
move
the
hour
hand
back
one
hour
in
autumn
.
verb
-
hand
,
handing
,
hands
,
handed
to
give
or
pass
something
to
someone
by
putting
it
into
their
hand
β’
Please
hand
me
the
salt
.
Please
hand
me
the
salt
.
β’
She
handed
the
baby
his
bottle
.
She
handed
the
baby
his
bottle
.
noun
help
or
assistance
given
to
someone
β’
Could
you
give
me
a
hand
with
these
heavy
suitcases
?
Could
you
give
me
a
hand
with
these
heavy
suitcases
?
β’
The
neighbors
lent
a
hand
after
the
storm
by
clearing
fallen
branches
.
The
neighbors
lent
a
hand
after
the
storm
by
clearing
fallen
branches
.
verb
to
pass
or
give
something
to
someone
β’
Please
hand
me
the
salt
shaker
.
Please
hand
me
the
salt
shaker
.
β’
The
guard
handed
the
visitor
a
badge
before
letting
him
in
.
The
guard
handed
the
visitor
a
badge
before
letting
him
in
.
noun
a
person
who
does
physical
work
,
especially
on
a
farm
,
ship
,
or
in
a
factory
β’
The
ranch
hired
another
hand
to
help
during
calving
season
.
The
ranch
hired
another
hand
to
help
during
calving
season
.
β’
As
a
deck
hand
,
Tom
learned
dozens
of
knots
.
As
a
deck
hand
,
Tom
learned
dozens
of
knots
.
noun
all
the
cards
a
player
receives
in
one
deal
of
a
card
game
β’
Lucas
looked
at
his
hand
and
smiled
β
he
had
three
aces
.
Lucas
looked
at
his
hand
and
smiled
β
he
had
three
aces
.
β’
After
the
deal
,
she
studied
her
hand
carefully
before
betting
.
After
the
deal
,
she
studied
her
hand
carefully
before
betting
.
noun
a
person
β
s
style
of
writing
by
hand
β’
The
teacher
praised
Emma's
neat
hand
.
The
teacher
praised
Emma's
neat
hand
.
β’
I
struggled
to
read
the
doctor's
hurried
hand
.
I
struggled
to
read
the
doctor's
hurried
hand
.
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
do
physical
work
,
especially
helping
on
a
farm
,
ship
,
or
other
workplace
β’
Lily
found
summer
work
as
a
farm
hand
in
the
countryside
.
Lily
found
summer
work
as
a
farm
hand
in
the
countryside
.
β’
The
new
kitchen
hand
washed
dishes
during
the
lunch
rush
.
The
new
kitchen
hand
washed
dishes
during
the
lunch
rush
.
noun
a
long
,
thin
pointer
on
a
clock
or
watch
that
shows
the
seconds
,
minutes
,
or
hours
β’
The
minute
hand
is
pointing
at
twelve
,
so
class
is
about
to
start
.
The
minute
hand
is
pointing
at
twelve
,
so
class
is
about
to
start
.
β’
I
watched
the
second
hand
tick
around
the
dial
while
waiting
.
I
watched
the
second
hand
tick
around
the
dial
while
waiting
.
understand
verb
-
understand
,
understanding
,
understands
,
understood
to
know
what
something
means
or
what
someone
is
saying
β’
Do
you
understand
the
instructions
on
the
packet
?
Do
you
understand
the
instructions
on
the
packet
?
β’
Lena
can
understand
French
,
but
she
feels
shy
about
speaking
it
.
Lena
can
understand
French
,
but
she
feels
shy
about
speaking
it
.
verb
-
understand
,
understanding
,
understands
,
understood
to
know
how
someone
feels
and
show
sympathy
β’
I
understand
how
nervous
you
feel
before
the
test
.
I
understand
how
nervous
you
feel
before
the
test
.
β’
Good
friends
understand
each
other
in
hard
times
.
Good
friends
understand
each
other
in
hard
times
.
verb
-
understand
,
understanding
,
understands
,
understood
to
think
or
believe
something
is
true
because
of
what
you
have
been
told
or
have
read
β’
I
understand
that
the
meeting
has
been
moved
to
Friday
.
I
understand
that
the
meeting
has
been
moved
to
Friday
.
β’
From
what
I
understand
,
the
movie
was
filmed
in
Spain
.
From
what
I
understand
,
the
movie
was
filmed
in
Spain
.
stand
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
be
on
your
feet
with
your
body
upright
,
not
sitting
or
lying
down
β’
Security
guards
often
have
to
stand
for
hours
during
their
shifts
.
Security
guards
often
have
to
stand
for
hours
during
their
shifts
.
β’
The
children
were
told
to
stand
quietly
in
a
neat
line
before
the
museum
doors
opened
.
The
children
were
told
to
stand
quietly
in
a
neat
line
before
the
museum
doors
opened
.
Old
English
β
standan
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
β
standanΔ
β,
meaning
β
to
stand
β.
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
be
upright
on
your
feet
rather
than
sitting
or
lying
β’
After
sitting
all
morning
,
Anna
decided
to
stand
and
stretch
.
After
sitting
all
morning
,
Anna
decided
to
stand
and
stretch
.
β’
The
guards
stood
outside
the
palace
gates
all
night
.
The
guards
stood
outside
the
palace
gates
all
night
.
Old
English
β
standan
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
β
standanΔ
β,
meaning
β
to
stand
β.
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
rise
to
your
feet
from
a
sitting
or
lying
position
β’
Please
stand
when
the
judge
enters
the
courtroom
.
Please
stand
when
the
judge
enters
the
courtroom
.
β’
After
tying
his
shoes
,
he
stood
and
grabbed
his
backpack
.
After
tying
his
shoes
,
he
stood
and
grabbed
his
backpack
.
noun
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
a
small
stall
,
booth
,
or
table
where
goods
are
sold
or
displayed
β’
We
bought
fresh
lemonade
from
a
street
stand
by
the
beach
.
We
bought
fresh
lemonade
from
a
street
stand
by
the
beach
.
β’
The
farmer
set
up
a
vegetable
stand
at
the
Saturday
market
.
The
farmer
set
up
a
vegetable
stand
at
the
Saturday
market
.
noun
a
piece
of
furniture
or
frame
that
supports
or
holds
something
upright
β’
He
placed
the
guitar
on
its
stand
in
the
corner
.
He
placed
the
guitar
on
its
stand
in
the
corner
.
β’
Please
return
the
microphone
to
the
stand
after
you
β
re
done
.
Please
return
the
microphone
to
the
stand
after
you
β
re
done
.
noun
a
small
stall
or
booth
where
goods
or
services
are
sold
or
offered
β’
We
bought
lemonade
from
a
street
stand
.
We
bought
lemonade
from
a
street
stand
.
β’
There
β
s
a
flower
stand
near
the
station
entrance
.
There
β
s
a
flower
stand
near
the
station
entrance
.
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
tolerate
or
accept
something
unpleasant
β’
I
can't
stand
the
smell
of
burnt
popcorn
.
I
can't
stand
the
smell
of
burnt
popcorn
.
β’
He
couldn't
stand
the
loud
music
and
left
the
club
early
.
He
couldn't
stand
the
loud
music
and
left
the
club
early
.
noun
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
an
upright
support
or
frame
designed
to
hold
something
,
such
as
a
lamp
or
a
microphone
β’
Place
the
guitar
back
on
its
stand
after
you
finish
playing
.
Place
the
guitar
back
on
its
stand
after
you
finish
playing
.
β’
The
presenter
adjusted
the
microphone
stand
before
speaking
.
The
presenter
adjusted
the
microphone
stand
before
speaking
.
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
tolerate
or
accept
something
unpleasant
β’
I
can
β
t
stand
loud
chewing
noises
.
I
can
β
t
stand
loud
chewing
noises
.
β’
He
couldn
β
t
stand
the
heat
,
so
he
moved
to
a
cooler
city
.
He
couldn
β
t
stand
the
heat
,
so
he
moved
to
a
cooler
city
.
noun
an
act
of
defending
or
clearly
stating
a
firm
position
on
something
β’
She
made
a
brave
stand
against
bullying
.
She
made
a
brave
stand
against
bullying
.
β’
The
mayor
β
s
stand
on
climate
change
is
very
clear
.
The
mayor
β
s
stand
on
climate
change
is
very
clear
.
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
remain
valid
,
unchanged
,
or
in
effect
β’
Our
offer
still
stands
if
you
change
your
mind
.
Our
offer
still
stands
if
you
change
your
mind
.
β’
The
decision
will
stand
unless
new
evidence
appears
.
The
decision
will
stand
unless
new
evidence
appears
.
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
to
put
your
name
forward
as
a
candidate
in
an
election
β’
She
decided
to
stand
for
Parliament
next
year
.
She
decided
to
stand
for
Parliament
next
year
.
β’
Three
candidates
will
stand
in
the
mayoral
election
.
Three
candidates
will
stand
in
the
mayoral
election
.
standard
adjective
usual
and
commonly
accepted
;
normal
,
not
special
or
extra
β’
All
rooms
come
with
a
standard
double
bed
and
a
small
desk
.
All
rooms
come
with
a
standard
double
bed
and
a
small
desk
.
β’
The
package
includes
a
standard
warranty
of
one
year
.
The
package
includes
a
standard
warranty
of
one
year
.
Extended
from
the
noun
sense
of
β
flag
showing
the
norm
β,
the
adjective
meaning
β
usual
β
appeared
in
the
19th
century
.
adjective
normal
,
usual
,
and
not
special
or
extra
β’
A
standard
ticket
will
get
you
a
seat
in
the
middle
row
.
A
standard
ticket
will
get
you
a
seat
in
the
middle
row
.
β’
My
phone
came
with
a
standard
charger
.
My
phone
came
with
a
standard
charger
.
noun
a
level
of
quality
or
achievement
that
people
accept
as
normal
,
good
,
or
required
β’
The
school
expects
every
student
to
reach
the
standard
in
math
before
graduating
.
The
school
expects
every
student
to
reach
the
standard
in
math
before
graduating
.
β’
Safety
standards
in
the
factory
have
improved
after
the
new
rules
.
Safety
standards
in
the
factory
have
improved
after
the
new
rules
.
From
Old
French
β
estandart
β
meaning
β
flag
,
rallying
place
β,
later
developing
the
sense
of
β
criterion
β.
noun
a
level
of
quality
or
achievement
that
people
generally
accept
as
good
or
satisfactory
β’
The
restaurant
maintained
high
standards
of
cleanliness
.
The
restaurant
maintained
high
standards
of
cleanliness
.
β’
By
her
standard
,
the
painting
was
perfect
.
By
her
standard
,
the
painting
was
perfect
.
From
Old
French
estandart
,
originally
meaning
a
rallying
flag
,
later
figuratively
"
something
that
stands
to
be
compared
."
noun
an
official
unit
of
measurement
or
a
physical
example
kept
as
a
fixed
reference
β’
The
kilogram
kept
in
Paris
is
the
international
standard
for
mass
.
The
kilogram
kept
in
Paris
is
the
international
standard
for
mass
.
β’
Engineers
use
a
voltage
standard
to
calibrate
their
instruments
.
Engineers
use
a
voltage
standard
to
calibrate
their
instruments
.
Adopted
in
scientific
use
during
the
18th
century
from
the
idea
of
a
fixed
flagpole
marker
.
noun
an
officially
agreed
rule
,
specification
,
or
set
of
technical
requirements
that
must
be
followed
β’
All
helmets
must
meet
safety
standards
.
All
helmets
must
meet
safety
standards
.
β’
The
ISO
standard
for
paper
size
is
called
A4
.
The
ISO
standard
for
paper
size
is
called
A4
.
adjective
accepted
by
most
people
as
the
correct
or
official
form
,
especially
of
language
,
measurement
,
or
time
β’
He
speaks
Standard
English
at
work
.
He
speaks
Standard
English
at
work
.
β’
Greenwich
is
the
base
for
standard
time
zones
.
Greenwich
is
the
base
for
standard
time
zones
.
noun
a
flag
,
especially
one
carried
on
a
pole
in
battle
,
that
represents
a
nation
,
army
,
or
group
β’
The
knights
marched
under
the
king
β
s
standard
,
a
lion
on
a
red
field
.
The
knights
marched
under
the
king
β
s
standard
,
a
lion
on
a
red
field
.
β’
When
the
standard
fell
,
the
soldiers
knew
the
battle
was
lost
.
When
the
standard
fell
,
the
soldiers
knew
the
battle
was
lost
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
estandart
β,
originally
meaning
a
rallying
flag
in
battle
.
noun
a
flag
or
banner
carried
by
a
group
,
especially
a
military
unit
,
as
its
symbol
β’
Soldiers
marched
under
the
king's
standard
.
Soldiers
marched
under
the
king's
standard
.
β’
The
horse
carried
the
regiment's
standard
in
the
parade
.
The
horse
carried
the
regiment's
standard
in
the
parade
.
husband
noun
a
married
man
,
especially
in
relation
to
his
wife
or
spouse
β’
Maria
kissed
her
husband
goodbye
at
the
busy
train
station
.
Maria
kissed
her
husband
goodbye
at
the
busy
train
station
.
β’
During
the
party
,
the
proud
husband
showed
everyone
photos
of
his
newborn
baby
.
During
the
party
,
the
proud
husband
showed
everyone
photos
of
his
newborn
baby
.
Old
English
β
hΕ«sbonda
β (
male
head
of
a
household
),
from
Old
Norse
β
hΓΊsbΓ³ndi
β (β
master
of
a
house
β).
verb
to
use
or
manage
something
carefully
so
that
it
lasts
a
long
time
β’
In
winter
,
the
villagers
husband
their
firewood
to
make
it
last
until
spring
.
In
winter
,
the
villagers
husband
their
firewood
to
make
it
last
until
spring
.
β’
The
athlete
husbanded
her
strength
for
the
final
sprint
.
The
athlete
husbanded
her
strength
for
the
final
sprint
.
From
the
noun
sense
β
husband
β,
with
the
idea
of
a
head
of
household
managing
property
carefully
.
land
noun
the
solid
part
of
the
Earth
β
s
surface
,
as
opposed
to
the
sea
or
the
sky
β’
After
three
days
at
sea
,
the
sailors
cheered
when
they
finally
saw
land
on
the
horizon
.
After
three
days
at
sea
,
the
sailors
cheered
when
they
finally
saw
land
on
the
horizon
.
β’
The
pilot
announced
that
we
were
flying
over
land
again
,
and
everyone
looked
out
of
the
windows
.
The
pilot
announced
that
we
were
flying
over
land
again
,
and
everyone
looked
out
of
the
windows
.
Old
English
land
,
londe
β
ground
,
territory
,
soil
,β
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
land
and
German
Land
.
noun
the
solid
part
of
the
earth
β
s
surface
that
is
not
covered
by
water
β’
After
three
days
at
sea
,
the
passengers
cheered
when
they
finally
saw
land
ahead
.
After
three
days
at
sea
,
the
passengers
cheered
when
they
finally
saw
land
ahead
.
β’
Many
animals
move
easily
on
land
but
struggle
in
deep
water
.
Many
animals
move
easily
on
land
but
struggle
in
deep
water
.
Old
English
β
land
β
meaning
ground
,
soil
,
country
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*landΔ
.
noun
an
area
of
ground
that
belongs
to
someone
or
is
used
for
a
particular
purpose
β’
They
bought
a
piece
of
land
outside
the
city
to
build
their
new
home
.
They
bought
a
piece
of
land
outside
the
city
to
build
their
new
home
.
β’
Much
of
the
region
β
s
land
is
used
for
growing
wheat
and
corn
.
Much
of
the
region
β
s
land
is
used
for
growing
wheat
and
corn
.
noun
an
area
of
ground
owned
,
used
,
or
controlled
by
a
person
,
family
,
or
organization
β’
Her
family
has
farmed
this
land
for
generations
.
Her
family
has
farmed
this
land
for
generations
.
β’
The
city
bought
the
vacant
land
to
build
a
new
park
.
The
city
bought
the
vacant
land
to
build
a
new
park
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
come
down
through
the
air
and
touch
the
ground
or
another
surface
β’
The
airplane
landed
smoothly
despite
the
strong
wind
.
The
airplane
landed
smoothly
despite
the
strong
wind
.
β’
Watch
your
step
when
you
land
after
a
jump
.
Watch
your
step
when
you
land
after
a
jump
.
noun
a
country
or
region
,
especially
spoken
of
in
a
poetic
or
emotional
way
β’
He
longed
to
return
to
the
land
of
his
childhood
.
He
longed
to
return
to
the
land
of
his
childhood
.
β’
Stories
of
a
distant
land
filled
her
imagination
.
Stories
of
a
distant
land
filled
her
imagination
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
come
down
through
the
air
and
touch
the
ground
or
water
β’
The
airplane
will
land
in
Madrid
at
8
p
.
m
.
The
airplane
will
land
in
Madrid
at
8
p
.
m
.
β’
A
seagull
gracefully
landed
on
the
pier
railing
.
A
seagull
gracefully
landed
on
the
pier
railing
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
bring
a
vehicle
,
aircraft
,
or
person
safely
down
to
the
ground
β’
The
experienced
pilot
landed
the
damaged
plane
without
injury
to
anyone
.
The
experienced
pilot
landed
the
damaged
plane
without
injury
to
anyone
.
β’
Can
you
land
the
helicopter
on
that
small
platform
?
Can
you
land
the
helicopter
on
that
small
platform
?
noun
a
country
or
nation
,
especially
in
a
poetic
or
emotional
way
β’
She
dreamed
of
exploring
distant
lands
beyond
the
ocean
.
She
dreamed
of
exploring
distant
lands
beyond
the
ocean
.
β’
Stories
from
the
land
of
ancient
Egypt
fascinated
the
class
.
Stories
from
the
land
of
ancient
Egypt
fascinated
the
class
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
bring
someone
or
something
down
to
the
ground
or
onto
a
surface
,
especially
from
the
air
or
water
β’
The
pilot
landed
the
helicopter
in
a
small
clearing
.
The
pilot
landed
the
helicopter
in
a
small
clearing
.
β’
Fishermen
landed
the
boat
safely
on
the
rocky
shore
.
Fishermen
landed
the
boat
safely
on
the
rocky
shore
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
succeed
in
getting
something
desirable
,
often
after
effort
β’
After
months
of
interviews
,
she
finally
landed
her
dream
job
.
After
months
of
interviews
,
she
finally
landed
her
dream
job
.
β’
The
startup
managed
to
land
a
big
investment
from
a
major
bank
.
The
startup
managed
to
land
a
big
investment
from
a
major
bank
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
hit
or
deliver
something
so
that
it
makes
contact
,
especially
a
blow
or
punch
β’
The
boxer
landed
a
powerful
right
hook
in
the
final
round
.
The
boxer
landed
a
powerful
right
hook
in
the
final
round
.
β’
She
tried
to
land
a
joke
,
but
nobody
laughed
.
She
tried
to
land
a
joke
,
but
nobody
laughed
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
succeed
in
getting
something
desirable
,
such
as
a
job
,
contract
,
or
prize
β’
She
landed
a
great
job
at
an
international
firm
.
She
landed
a
great
job
at
an
international
firm
.
β’
The
company
hopes
to
land
a
big
contract
with
the
government
.
The
company
hopes
to
land
a
big
contract
with
the
government
.
verb
-
land
,
landing
,
lands
,
landed
to
hit
or
deliver
something
successfully
,
especially
a
punch
or
kick
β’
The
boxer
landed
a
powerful
left
hook
.
The
boxer
landed
a
powerful
left
hook
.
β’
She
managed
to
land
a
precise
kick
to
her
opponent
β
s
chest
.
She
managed
to
land
a
precise
kick
to
her
opponent
β
s
chest
.
noun
the
people
of
a
country
considered
as
a
community
β’
The
whole
land
celebrated
the
victory
.
The
whole
land
celebrated
the
victory
.
β’
News
of
the
king
β
s
return
spread
quickly
across
the
land
.
News
of
the
king
β
s
return
spread
quickly
across
the
land
.
candidate
noun
a
person
who
is
trying
to
get
a
job
,
win
an
election
,
or
be
chosen
for
a
position
β’
Maria
decided
to
run
as
a
candidate
for
class
president
.
Maria
decided
to
run
as
a
candidate
for
class
president
.
β’
The
company
interviewed
five
strong
candidates
before
making
an
offer
.
The
company
interviewed
five
strong
candidates
before
making
an
offer
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
candidatus
β
clothed
in
white
β,
based
on
candidus
β
white
β.
In
ancient
Rome
,
people
seeking
public
office
wore
a
white
toga
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
could
be
chosen
for
a
particular
purpose
or
that
is
likely
to
experience
something
β’
This
distant
exoplanet
is
a
promising
candidate
for
supporting
life
.
This
distant
exoplanet
is
a
promising
candidate
for
supporting
life
.
β’
Because
of
his
symptoms
,
he
is
a
likely
candidate
for
the
new
clinical
trial
.
Because
of
his
symptoms
,
he
is
a
likely
candidate
for
the
new
clinical
trial
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
candidatus
β
clothed
in
white
β,
based
on
candidus
β
white
β.
island
noun
a
piece
of
land
completely
surrounded
by
water
β’
During
the
summer
,
tourists
flock
to
the
small
island
to
enjoy
its
beaches
.
During
the
summer
,
tourists
flock
to
the
small
island
to
enjoy
its
beaches
.
β’
From
the
airplane
window
,
the
pilot
pointed
out
a
heart-shaped
island
in
the
glimmering
sea
below
.
From
the
airplane
window
,
the
pilot
pointed
out
a
heart-shaped
island
in
the
glimmering
sea
below
.
From
Old
English
Δ«
(
e
)
gland
,
literally
β
isle
land
,β
meaning
land
lying
as
an
island
.
noun
a
freestanding
counter
or
work
surface
in
the
middle
of
a
kitchen
β’
She
chopped
vegetables
on
the
marble
island
while
her
kids
did
homework
.
She
chopped
vegetables
on
the
marble
island
while
her
kids
did
homework
.
β’
The
builder
suggested
adding
a
wooden
island
with
bar
stools
to
gain
extra
seating
.
The
builder
suggested
adding
a
wooden
island
with
bar
stools
to
gain
extra
seating
.
noun
a
small
raised
area
in
the
middle
of
a
road
that
separates
lanes
of
traffic
or
provides
a
safe
place
for
pedestrians
β’
The
pedestrian
waited
on
the
traffic
island
before
crossing
the
next
lane
.
The
pedestrian
waited
on
the
traffic
island
before
crossing
the
next
lane
.
β’
Flowers
planted
on
the
central
island
brightened
the
otherwise
gray
intersection
.
Flowers
planted
on
the
central
island
brightened
the
otherwise
gray
intersection
.
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
alone
or
separated
from
others
of
the
same
kind
,
used
figuratively
β’
Surrounded
by
hostile
critics
,
the
writer
felt
like
an
island
of
optimism
.
Surrounded
by
hostile
critics
,
the
writer
felt
like
an
island
of
optimism
.
β’
Her
remote
cabin
was
an
island
of
silence
in
the
noisy
world
.
Her
remote
cabin
was
an
island
of
silence
in
the
noisy
world
.
verb
to
cause
something
or
someone
to
become
isolated
or
detached
from
others
β’
Engineers
built
levees
to
island
the
research
facility
from
potential
floods
.
Engineers
built
levees
to
island
the
research
facility
from
potential
floods
.
β’
The
new
policy
may
island
rural
communities
from
essential
services
.
The
new
policy
may
island
rural
communities
from
essential
services
.
understanding
noun
knowledge
or
clear
insight
about
how
something
works
or
what
something
means
β’
Maria
showed
a
deep
understanding
of
the
math
problem
during
class
.
Maria
showed
a
deep
understanding
of
the
math
problem
during
class
.
β’
Reading
books
about
other
cultures
can
widen
our
understanding
of
the
world
.
Reading
books
about
other
cultures
can
widen
our
understanding
of
the
world
.
From
the
verb
"
understand
"
+
the
suffix
"
-ing
",
first
recorded
in
Old
English
as
a
noun
meaning
"
comprehension
".
noun
an
informal
agreement
or
arrangement
between
people
or
groups
β’
We
have
an
understanding
that
I
will
water
her
plants
while
she
is
away
.
We
have
an
understanding
that
I
will
water
her
plants
while
she
is
away
.
β’
The
two
companies
reached
an
understanding
to
share
technology
.
The
two
companies
reached
an
understanding
to
share
technology
.
Developed
from
the
broader
sense
of
"
comprehension
"
to
mean
"
agreement
"
in
the
late
17th
century
,
emphasizing
shared
knowledge
between
parties
.
adjective
sympathetic
and
willing
to
forgive
or
consider
someone
β
s
feelings
β’
The
understanding
teacher
gave
the
student
extra
time
to
finish
the
test
.
The
understanding
teacher
gave
the
student
extra
time
to
finish
the
test
.
β’
Her
friends
were
very
understanding
when
she
had
to
cancel
the
trip
.
Her
friends
were
very
understanding
when
she
had
to
cancel
the
trip
.
Adjective
use
recorded
from
the
early
1600s
,
shifting
from
the
participial
sense
of
"
one
who
understands
"
to
a
quality
of
empathy
.
band
noun
a
group
of
people
who
play
music
together
β’
A
live
band
played
joyful
songs
at
the
wedding
reception
.
A
live
band
played
joyful
songs
at
the
wedding
reception
.
β’
My
brother
formed
a
rock
band
with
his
friends
in
our
garage
.
My
brother
formed
a
rock
band
with
his
friends
in
our
garage
.
Old
Norse
"
band
"
meaning
bond
or
tie
;
later
applied
to
groups
of
musicians
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
thin
loop
or
strip
of
rubber
,
metal
,
or
cloth
used
to
hold
things
together
or
around
something
β’
She
tied
her
hair
back
with
a
red
band
.
She
tied
her
hair
back
with
a
red
band
.
β’
Use
a
rubber
band
to
keep
these
pencils
together
.
Use
a
rubber
band
to
keep
these
pencils
together
.
Old
English
"
bend
"
meaning
something
that
binds
;
later
spelled
as
"
band
".
noun
a
small
group
of
people
who
come
together
for
a
shared
activity
or
purpose
β’
A
band
of
volunteers
picked
up
litter
along
the
river
.
A
band
of
volunteers
picked
up
litter
along
the
river
.
β’
The
novel
tells
the
story
of
a
band
of
knights
on
a
dangerous
quest
.
The
novel
tells
the
story
of
a
band
of
knights
on
a
dangerous
quest
.
From
Old
Norse
"
band
"
meaning
bond
;
sense
extended
to
people
tied
together
by
purpose
in
Middle
English
.
noun
a
narrow
strip
of
colour
,
light
,
or
material
that
is
different
from
what
is
around
it
β’
A
bright
yellow
band
ran
across
the
middle
of
the
painting
.
A
bright
yellow
band
ran
across
the
middle
of
the
painting
.
β’
The
bird
has
a
black
band
around
its
neck
.
The
bird
has
a
black
band
around
its
neck
.
From
Old
Norse
"
band
"
meaning
strip
or
ribbon
;
color
sense
appeared
in
17th
century
.
verb
to
join
together
as
a
group
for
a
common
purpose
β’
Neighbors
decided
to
band
together
to
plant
trees
along
the
street
.
Neighbors
decided
to
band
together
to
plant
trees
along
the
street
.
β’
Small
companies
banded
to
lobby
for
better
internet
service
.
Small
companies
banded
to
lobby
for
better
internet
service
.
From
Old
Norse
"
band
"
meaning
bond
;
verb
use
recorded
from
15th
century
.
noun
a
range
of
numbers
,
such
as
radio
frequencies
,
prices
,
or
wavelengths
,
between
two
limits
β’
This
router
operates
on
the
5-gigahertz
band
.
This
router
operates
on
the
5-gigahertz
band
.
β’
Prices
fall
into
three
tax
bands
based
on
income
.
Prices
fall
into
three
tax
bands
based
on
income
.
Technical
extension
of
earlier
"
band
"
to
mean
measurable
strip
;
radio
sense
appeared
in
early
20th
century
.
handle
noun
the
part
of
an
object
that
is
made
for
your
hand
to
hold
,
pull
,
or
turn
β’
Mia
pulled
the
handle
and
the
old
wooden
door
creaked
open
.
Mia
pulled
the
handle
and
the
old
wooden
door
creaked
open
.
β’
The
suitcase
has
a
broken
handle
,
so
carry
it
from
the
bottom
.
The
suitcase
has
a
broken
handle
,
so
carry
it
from
the
bottom
.
verb
-
handle
,
handling
,
handles
,
handled
to
deal
with
or
take
care
of
something
or
someone
successfully
β’
As
team
leader
,
Priya
must
handle
all
customer
complaints
politely
.
As
team
leader
,
Priya
must
handle
all
customer
complaints
politely
.
β’
Can
you
handle
the
cooking
while
I
set
the
table
?
Can
you
handle
the
cooking
while
I
set
the
table
?
verb
-
handle
,
handling
,
handles
,
handled
to
touch
,
lift
,
or
move
something
with
your
hands
β’
Please
wash
your
hands
before
you
handle
the
newborn
kittens
.
Please
wash
your
hands
before
you
handle
the
newborn
kittens
.
β’
Employees
must
wear
gloves
to
handle
chemicals
in
the
lab
.
Employees
must
wear
gloves
to
handle
chemicals
in
the
lab
.
noun
knowledge
or
control
of
something
so
that
you
can
use
or
manage
it
β’
After
a
week
,
Maya
finally
got a handle on
the
new
accounting
software
.
After
a
week
,
Maya
finally
got a handle on
the
new
accounting
software
.
β’
The
tutorial
gave
me
a
better
handle
on
basic
coding
.
The
tutorial
gave
me
a
better
handle
on
basic
coding
.
noun
a
name
you
choose
to
identify
yourself
on
social
media
,
forums
,
or
online
games
β’
"
What
β
s
your
Instagram
handle
?"
asked
the
teenager
.
"
What
β
s
your
Instagram
handle
?"
asked
the
teenager
.
β’
He
changed
his
Twitter
handle
after
starting
a
new
business
.
He
changed
his
Twitter
handle
after
starting
a
new
business
.
noun
a
large
bottle
of
liquor
that
holds
about
1
.
75
liters
β’
Jake
bought
a
handle
of
vodka
for
the
party
.
Jake
bought
a
handle
of
vodka
for
the
party
.
β’
The
store
keeps
the
handles
of
whiskey
behind
the
counter
.
The
store
keeps
the
handles
of
whiskey
behind
the
counter
.
thousand
adjective
being
the
number
1
000
.
β’
We
planted
a
thousand
trees
in
the
park
last
weekend
.
We
planted
a
thousand
trees
in
the
park
last
weekend
.
β’
The
museum
is
over
a
thousand
years
old
.
The
museum
is
over
a
thousand
years
old
.
noun
the
figure
or
amount
that
equals
1
000
.
β’
Add
one
more
zero
to
turn
one
hundred
into
one
thousand
.
Add
one
more
zero
to
turn
one
hundred
into
one
thousand
.
β’
The
teacher
wrote
the
word
thousand
next
to
1
,
000
on
the
board
.
The
teacher
wrote
the
word
thousand
next
to
1
,
000
on
the
board
.
noun
the
cardinal
number
1
000
β’
Sam
proudly
announced
that
he
had
counted
up
to
one
thousand
without
making
a
mistake
.
Sam
proudly
announced
that
he
had
counted
up
to
one
thousand
without
making
a
mistake
.
β’
The
charity
hopes
to
raise
a
thousand
dollars
by
Friday
to
buy
new
books
for
the
library
.
The
charity
hopes
to
raise
a
thousand
dollars
by
Friday
to
buy
new
books
for
the
library
.
Old
English
β
ΓΎΕ«send
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
*ΓΎΕ«sundΔ«
,
meaning
the
numeral
1
000
.
noun
a
very
large
number
of
people
or
things
,
often
much
more
than
1
000
,
especially
expressed
as
β
thousands
of
β¦
β.
β’
Thousands
of
birds
filled
the
evening
sky
.
Thousands
of
birds
filled
the
evening
sky
.
β’
The
video
received
thousands
of
views
overnight
.
The
video
received
thousands
of
views
overnight
.
thousands
noun
a
very
large
but
not
exact
number
of
people
or
things
β’
Thousands
of
fans
filled
the
stadium
to
see
the
final
match
.
Thousands
of
fans
filled
the
stadium
to
see
the
final
match
.
β’
Every
autumn
,
thousands
of
colorful
leaves
blanket
the
forest
floor
.
Every
autumn
,
thousands
of
colorful
leaves
blanket
the
forest
floor
.
Plural
form
of
β
thousand
,β
used
figuratively
since
Middle
English
to
denote
an
indefinitely
large
quantity
.
demand
noun
a
firm
request
or
order
for
something
that
you
believe
you
should
receive
β’
The
workers
issued
a
demand
for
higher
wages
during
the
meeting
.
The
workers
issued
a
demand
for
higher
wages
during
the
meeting
.
β’
Her
sudden
demand
for
silence
surprised
everyone
in
the
classroom
.
Her
sudden
demand
for
silence
surprised
everyone
in
the
classroom
.
From
Old
French
demander
β
to
ask
,
request
,β
from
Latin
dΔmandΔre
β
to
hand
over
,
entrust
β.
verb
to
ask
for
something
firmly
and
insistently
β’
Customers
demand
a
refund
when
the
product
arrives
broken
.
Customers
demand
a
refund
when
the
product
arrives
broken
.
β’
The
teacher
demands
respect
from
her
students
.
The
teacher
demands
respect
from
her
students
.
verb
to
need
or
require
something
because
it
is
necessary
β’
The
recipe
demands
fresh
ingredients
for
the
best
flavor
.
The
recipe
demands
fresh
ingredients
for
the
best
flavor
.
β’
Being
a
firefighter
demands
courage
and
stamina
.
Being
a
firefighter
demands
courage
and
stamina
.
verb
to
ask
for
something
firmly
and
refuse
to
accept
no
as
an
answer
β’
The
protesters
demanded
an
apology
from
the
mayor
.
The
protesters
demanded
an
apology
from
the
mayor
.
β’
If
the
package
arrives
damaged
,
I
will
demand
a
refund
right
away
.
If
the
package
arrives
damaged
,
I
will
demand
a
refund
right
away
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
demander
β
ask
β,
from
Latin
dΔmandΔre
β
entrust
,
charge
β.
noun
a
firm
request
or
order
that
someone
must
obey
or
fulfill
β’
The
workers
made
a
demand
for
higher
wages
.
The
workers
made
a
demand
for
higher
wages
.
β’
Her
parents
rejected
his
demand
to
stay
out
past
midnight
.
Her
parents
rejected
his
demand
to
stay
out
past
midnight
.
noun
-
demand
the
desire
and
ability
of
people
to
buy
a
product
or
service
β’
There
is
a
high
demand
for
electric
cars
this
year
.
There
is
a
high
demand
for
electric
cars
this
year
.
β’
When
prices
rise
,
demand
usually
falls
.
When
prices
rise
,
demand
usually
falls
.
verb
to
need
something
as
necessary
or
make
something
required
β’
This
job
demands
great
patience
and
strong
communication
skills
.
This
job
demands
great
patience
and
strong
communication
skills
.
β’
Climbing
the
snowy
peak
demanded
every
ounce
of
his
strength
.
Climbing
the
snowy
peak
demanded
every
ounce
of
his
strength
.
noun
the
desire
or
need
for
a
product
or
service
,
shown
by
how
many
people
want
to
buy
it
β’
There
is
a
high
demand
for
electric
cars
right
now
.
There
is
a
high
demand
for
electric
cars
right
now
.
β’
When
supply
drops
,
demand
often
pushes
prices
up
.
When
supply
drops
,
demand
often
pushes
prices
up
.
demands
noun
things
that
take
a
lot
of
effort
,
attention
,
or
time
β’
The
demands
of
parenting
can
be
exhausting
.
The
demands
of
parenting
can
be
exhausting
.
β’
College
life
places
heavy
demands
on
students'
time
.
College
life
places
heavy
demands
on
students'
time
.
grand
adjective
-
grand
,
grander
,
grandest
(
informal
,
chiefly
Irish
&
British
)
very
good
;
excellent
β’
β
How
are
you
?β β
I
β
m
grand
,
thanks
for
asking
!β
β
How
are
you
?β β
I
β
m
grand
,
thanks
for
asking
!β
β’
The
kids
were
grand
playing
in
the
garden
all
afternoon
.
The
kids
were
grand
playing
in
the
garden
all
afternoon
.
adjective
-
grand
,
grander
,
grandest
large
and
impressive
in
appearance
,
size
,
or
style
β’
The
hotel
lobby
had
a
grand
marble
staircase
that
took
everyone
β
s
breath
away
.
The
hotel
lobby
had
a
grand
marble
staircase
that
took
everyone
β
s
breath
away
.
β’
They
held
the
wedding
in
a
grand
ballroom
filled
with
chandeliers
and
fresh
flowers
.
They
held
the
wedding
in
a
grand
ballroom
filled
with
chandeliers
and
fresh
flowers
.
From
Old
French
grand
,
grant
β
large
,
tall
,β
from
Latin
grandis
β
big
,
great
.β
adjective
-
grand
,
grander
,
grandest
important
,
ambitious
,
or
intended
on
a
large
scale
β’
The
scientist
outlined
a
grand
vision
for
ending
world
hunger
.
The
scientist
outlined
a
grand
vision
for
ending
world
hunger
.
β’
Her
grand
idea
was
to
build
a
school
in
every
remote
village
.
Her
grand
idea
was
to
build
a
school
in
every
remote
village
.
noun
-
grand
(
slang
)
a
thousand
dollars
,
pounds
,
or
other
units
of
currency
β’
He
bought
the
used
car
for
five
grand
.
He
bought
the
used
car
for
five
grand
.
β’
The
prize
money
was
ten
grand
for
the
first-place
winner
.
The
prize
money
was
ten
grand
for
the
first-place
winner
.
Originated
in
1910s
American
slang
,
possibly
from
the
notion
of
a
β
grand
β
sum
being
large
and
impressive
.
expand
verb
to
become
larger
or
to
make
something
become
larger
in
size
or
volume
β’
The
metal
pipes
will
expand
when
hot
water
flows
through
them
.
The
metal
pipes
will
expand
when
hot
water
flows
through
them
.
β’
As
the
balloon
filled
with
air
,
it
expanded
until
it
was
as
big
as
a
beach
ball
.
As
the
balloon
filled
with
air
,
it
expanded
until
it
was
as
big
as
a
beach
ball
.
verb
to
increase
or
make
something
increase
in
number
,
range
,
or
importance
β’
The
company
plans
to
expand
its
stores
into
six
new
countries
next
year
.
The
company
plans
to
expand
its
stores
into
six
new
countries
next
year
.
β’
Our
club
has
expanded
from
ten
members
to
more
than
fifty
this
semester
.
Our
club
has
expanded
from
ten
members
to
more
than
fifty
this
semester
.
verb
to
add
more
detail
when
speaking
or
writing
about
something
β’
Could
you
expand
on
your
idea
so
everyone
understands
it
?
Could
you
expand
on
your
idea
so
everyone
understands
it
?
β’
During
the
interview
,
she
expanded
on
her
experience
managing
large
teams
.
During
the
interview
,
she
expanded
on
her
experience
managing
large
teams
.
brand
noun
a
name
,
design
,
or
symbol
that
identifies
a
product
or
company
and
makes
it
different
from
others
β’
Everyone
recognizes
the
Coca-Cola
brand
by
its
red
label
.
Everyone
recognizes
the
Coca-Cola
brand
by
its
red
label
.
β’
The
company
is
investing
heavily
to
make
its
brand
more
appealing
to
teenagers
.
The
company
is
investing
heavily
to
make
its
brand
more
appealing
to
teenagers
.
From
Old
English
β
brand
β
meaning
β
torch
β
or
β
burning
piece
of
wood
β,
later
extended
to
β
mark
made
by
burning
β
and
then
to
β
trademark
β.
noun
a
mark
burned
into
the
skin
of
an
animal
or
person
to
show
ownership
,
identity
,
or
punishment
β’
Each
ranch
has
its
own
unique
brand
to
identify
its
cattle
.
Each
ranch
has
its
own
unique
brand
to
identify
its
cattle
.
β’
The
old
cowboy
showed
the
faded
brand
on
the
steer
β
s
flank
.
The
old
cowboy
showed
the
faded
brand
on
the
steer
β
s
flank
.
Sense
extended
from
the
action
of
burning
with
a
β
brand
β (
torch
)
to
the
resulting
mark
.
noun
a
particular
kind
,
style
,
or
variety
of
something
β’
She
has
her
own
brand
of
humor
that
not
everyone
understands
.
She
has
her
own
brand
of
humor
that
not
everyone
understands
.
β’
The
coach
encourages
a
fast
brand
of
basketball
.
The
coach
encourages
a
fast
brand
of
basketball
.
Figurative
extension
of
β
brand
β
from
a
distinctive
mark
to
a
distinctive
kind
.
verb
to
create
or
promote
a
distinctive
name
,
image
,
or
identity
for
a
product
,
company
,
or
person
β’
The
agency
will
brand
the
new
smartphone
as
eco-friendly
.
The
agency
will
brand
the
new
smartphone
as
eco-friendly
.
β’
They
branded
the
festival
with
bold
colors
and
a
playful
font
.
They
branded
the
festival
with
bold
colors
and
a
playful
font
.
From
the
noun
sense
β
brand
β
meaning
a
distinctive
mark
,
extended
to
the
act
of
creating
such
an
identity
in
marketing
.
verb
to
mark
an
animal
,
object
,
or
person
by
burning
a
design
into
the
skin
β’
The
ranchers
brand
their
calves
in
spring
.
The
ranchers
brand
their
calves
in
spring
.
β’
Centuries
ago
,
criminals
were
branded
on
the
hand
.
Centuries
ago
,
criminals
were
branded
on
the
hand
.
Old
practice
of
burning
ownership
marks
with
a
β
brand
β (
torch
)
on
livestock
and
criminals
.
landscape
noun
the
view
of
the
land
in
an
area
,
especially
when
you
can
see
a
lot
of
it
at
once
β’
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
The
hikers
paused
to
admire
the
sweeping
landscape
below
them
.
β’
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
In
autumn
,
the
mountain
landscape
glows
with
red
and
gold
leaves
.
From
Dutch
landschap
(β
region
,
tract
of
land
β),
later
used
for
paintings
of
such
scenes
in
the
17th
century
;
adopted
into
English
to
mean
both
the
artwork
and
the
scenery
itself
.
noun
a
painting
,
photograph
,
or
other
artwork
that
shows
natural
scenery
β’
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
She
painted
a
beautiful
landscape
of
rolling
hills
at
sunset
.
β’
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
The
gallery
is
showing
an
exhibition
of
Victorian
landscapes
.
noun
the
overall
situation
,
structure
,
or
environment
of
a
particular
field
or
activity
β’
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
Social
media
has
dramatically
changed
the
business
landscape
.
β’
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
After
the
election
,
the
political
landscape
looked
very
different
.
verb
-
landscape
,
landscaping
,
landscapes
,
landscaped
to
design
and
arrange
the
plants
,
paths
,
and
other
features
of
a
piece
of
land
to
make
it
look
attractive
β’
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
They
hired
a
designer
to
landscape
their
backyard
with
native
plants
.
β’
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
We
spent
the
weekend
landscaping
around
the
new
patio
.
command
noun
an
order
telling
someone
to
do
something
immediately
β’
The
sergeant
gave
a
loud
command
for
the
soldiers
to
march
.
The
sergeant
gave
a
loud
command
for
the
soldiers
to
march
.
β’
At
the
busy
intersection
,
a
female
police
officer
raised
her
hand
and
issued
a
command
for
all
cars
to
stop
.
At
the
busy
intersection
,
a
female
police
officer
raised
her
hand
and
issued
a
command
for
all
cars
to
stop
.
From
Old
French
β
commander
β,
from
Latin
β
commandare
β
meaning
β
to
entrust
β
or
β
to
order
β.
verb
to
give
an
order
to
someone
β’
The
general
commanded
the
troops
to
advance
across
the
field
.
The
general
commanded
the
troops
to
advance
across
the
field
.
β’
During
the
fire
drill
,
the
teacher
commanded
the
students
to
line
up
quietly
.
During
the
fire
drill
,
the
teacher
commanded
the
students
to
line
up
quietly
.
From
Middle
English
β
commaunden
β,
from
Old
French
β
commander
β,
from
Latin
β
commandare
β.
noun
-
command
the
power
or
authority
to
control
people
or
things
β’
After
many
years
of
service
,
she
finally
took
command
of
the
entire
company
.
After
many
years
of
service
,
she
finally
took
command
of
the
entire
company
.
β’
The
ship
was
under
his
command
for
the
duration
of
the
voyage
.
The
ship
was
under
his
command
for
the
duration
of
the
voyage
.
Same
Latin
root
β
commandare
β;
military
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
word
,
phrase
,
or
symbol
typed
or
spoken
to
make
a
computer
perform
a
specific
action
β’
Type
the
β
mkdir
β
command
to
create
a
new
folder
.
Type
the
β
mkdir
β
command
to
create
a
new
folder
.
β’
Voice
assistants
recognize
the
command
β
play music
β
instantly
.
Voice
assistants
recognize
the
command
β
play music
β
instantly
.
Adapted
from
the
general
sense
of
β
command
β
in
the
1950s
during
early
computer
development
.
commander
noun
a
person
who
leads
and
gives
orders
to
a
group
,
organization
,
or
operation
,
especially
in
the
armed
forces
β’
The
commander
gave
the
order
to
move
forward
.
The
commander
gave
the
order
to
move
forward
.
β’
After
years
of
service
,
she
was
promoted
to
commander
of
the
base
.
After
years
of
service
,
she
was
promoted
to
commander
of
the
base
.
From
command
+β
-er
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
referring
to
someone
vested
with
authority
.
noun
an
officer
rank
in
some
navies
and
air
forces
,
above
lieutenant
commander
and
below
captain
β’
Lieutenant
Commander
Jones
will
become
a
full
Commander
next
month
.
Lieutenant
Commander
Jones
will
become
a
full
Commander
next
month
.
β’
A
commander
in
the
Royal
Navy
typically
leads
a
frigate-sized
ship
.
A
commander
in
the
Royal
Navy
typically
leads
a
frigate-sized
ship
.
Adopted
as
a
formal
rank
title
in
17th-century
European
navies
,
derived
from
the
broader
sense
of
one
who
commands
.
abandon
verb
-
abandon
to
leave
a
person
,
animal
,
or
place
forever
,
especially
when
they
still
need
you
β’
During
the
storm
,
the
sailors
had
to
abandon
the
sinking
ship
.
During
the
storm
,
the
sailors
had
to
abandon
the
sinking
ship
.
β’
The
frightened
kitten
was
abandoned
outside
the
animal
shelter
overnight
.
The
frightened
kitten
was
abandoned
outside
the
animal
shelter
overnight
.
sand
noun
-
sand
Very
small
loose
grains
of
rock
found
on
beaches
,
deserts
,
or
riverbeds
.
β’
The
children
built
a
castle
out
of
sand
on
the
beach
.
The
children
built
a
castle
out
of
sand
on
the
beach
.
β’
After
the
storm
,
fine
sand
covered
the
road
.
After
the
storm
,
fine
sand
covered
the
road
.
Old
English
β
sand
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
*sandaz
,
related
to
Latin
β
sabulum
β
meaning
gravel
or
sand
.
verb
To
make
a
surface
smooth
by
rubbing
it
with
sandpaper
or
another
abrasive
material
.
β’
She
carefully
sanded
the
wooden
table
before
painting
it
.
She
carefully
sanded
the
wooden
table
before
painting
it
.
β’
The
carpenter
sands
the
edges
to
remove
splinters
.
The
carpenter
sands
the
edges
to
remove
splinters
.
From
the
noun
β
sand
β,
once
referring
to
real
sand
or
powdered
stone
used
in
early
smoothing
methods
.
adjective
Pale
yellowish-brown
in
colour
,
like
dry
beach
sand
.
β’
She
chose
a
sand
shade
of
paint
for
the
living
room
walls
.
She
chose
a
sand
shade
of
paint
for
the
living
room
walls
.
β’
The
horse
β
s
coat
was
a
soft
sand
colour
.
The
horse
β
s
coat
was
a
soft
sand
colour
.
Adjective
sense
developed
from
comparison
to
the
colour
of
natural
sand
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
sand
Old-fashioned
US
slang
for
courage
and
tough
determination
.
β’
It
takes
real
sand
to
stand
up
to
a
bully
.
It
takes
real
sand
to
stand
up
to
a
bully
.
β’
The
rookie
showed
plenty
of
sand
during
the
tough
match
.
The
rookie
showed
plenty
of
sand
during
the
tough
match
.
19th-century
American
frontier
expression
likening
courage
to
the
weight
and
firmness
of
sand
used
for
ballast
.
grandmother
noun
the
mother
of
your
father
or
mother
.
β’
My
grandmother
bakes
the
best
chocolate
chip
cookies
every
Sunday
.
My
grandmother
bakes
the
best
chocolate
chip
cookies
every
Sunday
.
β’
Lucas
loves
listening
to
stories
about
the
past
that
his
grandmother
tells
him
before
bed
.
Lucas
loves
listening
to
stories
about
the
past
that
his
grandmother
tells
him
before
bed
.
expansion
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
act
or
process
of
becoming
larger
,
wider
,
or
more
numerous
β’
The
rapid
expansion
of
the
city
has
created
many
new
jobs
.
The
rapid
expansion
of
the
city
has
created
many
new
jobs
.
β’
During
the
company
β
s
expansion
into
Asia
,
they
opened
three
new
offices
.
During
the
company
β
s
expansion
into
Asia
,
they
opened
three
new
offices
.
From
Latin
β
expansio
β
meaning
a
spreading
out
,
from
β
expandere
β β
to
spread
out
.β
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
full
written-out
form
of
a
mathematical
expression
,
series
,
or
equation
after
it
has
been
multiplied
or
otherwise
developed
β’
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
write
the
expansion
of
(
a
+
b
)
^3
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
write
the
expansion
of
(
a
+
b
)
^3
.
β’
Using
the
binomial
theorem
makes
finding
the
series
expansion
much
easier
.
Using
the
binomial
theorem
makes
finding
the
series
expansion
much
easier
.
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
an
additional
set
of
levels
,
features
,
or
content
released
to
extend
an
existing
video
game
,
board
game
,
or
software
product
β’
Players
welcomed
the
new
expansion
because
it
added
a
whole
continent
to
explore
.
Players
welcomed
the
new
expansion
because
it
added
a
whole
continent
to
explore
.
β’
The
board-game
expansion
introduces
fresh
cards
and
alternate
endings
.
The
board-game
expansion
introduces
fresh
cards
and
alternate
endings
.
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
period
in
an
economic
cycle
when
output
,
employment
,
and
spending
are
rising
β’
GDP
growth
of
4%
signaled
a
healthy
economic
expansion
.
GDP
growth
of
4%
signaled
a
healthy
economic
expansion
.
β’
During
the
expansion
phase
,
companies
often
hire
more
workers
.
During
the
expansion
phase
,
companies
often
hire
more
workers
.
random
adjective
without
any
plan
,
order
,
or
pattern
;
happening
or
chosen
by
chance
β’
The
teacher
picked
a
random
student
to
answer
the
question
.
The
teacher
picked
a
random
student
to
answer
the
question
.
β’
We
chose
a
random
number
between
one
and
ten
.
We
chose
a
random
number
between
one
and
ten
.
From
Middle
French
random
β
speed
,
rush
,β
from
Old
French
randon
β
force
,
impetuosity
,β
of
Germanic
origin
related
to
β
run
.β
adjective
strange
or
unexpected
,
with
no
clear
connection
to
what
is
happening
β’
It
was
so
random
when
it
started
snowing
in
July
.
It
was
so
random
when
it
started
snowing
in
July
.
β’
A
random
dog
followed
me
all
the
way
home
.
A
random
dog
followed
me
all
the
way
home
.
noun
a
person
who
is
not
known
or
not
part
of
a
group
β’
A
random
bumped
into
me
and
asked
for
directions
.
A
random
bumped
into
me
and
asked
for
directions
.
β’
We
don't
let
randoms
into
the
private
chat
.
We
don't
let
randoms
into
the
private
chat
.
scandal
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
a
shocking
action
or
event
that
breaks
laws
or
moral
rules
and
angers
many
people
when
it
becomes
known
β’
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
β’
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
from
Latin
scandalum
β
cause
for
offense
β,
through
Old
French
escandle
,
Middle
English
skandal
;
originally
meaning
a
trap
or
stumbling
block
to
faith
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
talk
or
gossip
about
shocking
wrongdoing
,
especially
rumors
that
spread
quickly
β’
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
β’
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
β
s
unexpected
divorce
.
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
β
s
unexpected
divorce
.
same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
also
came
to
mean
the
talk
about
disgraceful
acts
grandfather
noun
the
father
of
your
father
or
mother
β’
My
grandfather
taught
me
how
to
fish
at
the
lake
every
summer
.
My
grandfather
taught
me
how
to
fish
at
the
lake
every
summer
.
β’
After
the
war
,
her
grandfather
built
the
small
house
where
she
lives
now
.
After
the
war
,
her
grandfather
built
the
small
house
where
she
lives
now
.
From
grand
+β
father
;
recorded
in
English
since
the
early
15th
century
.
verb
to
allow
someone
or
something
to
continue
under
an
old
rule
while
new
rules
apply
to
others
β’
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
β’
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
via
the
legal
term
β
grandfather
clause
β
in
late
19th-century
American
legislation
.
candy
noun
-
candy
,
candies
a
sweet
food
made
mostly
of
sugar
,
often
flavored
or
coated
,
and
eaten
as
a
treat
β’
Mia
shared
her
bag
of
candy
with
the
whole
class
.
Mia
shared
her
bag
of
candy
with
the
whole
class
.
β’
Too
much
candy
can
give
you
a
stomachache
.
Too
much
candy
can
give
you
a
stomachache
.
From
Middle
English
*candy*
,
from
Old
French
*Γ§ucre
candi*
(β
candied
sugar
β),
from
Arabic
ΩΩΩΩΨ―ββ
(
*qand*
, β
sugar
β),
ultimately
from
Sanskrit
ΰ€ΰ€£ΰ₯ΰ€‘
(
*khaαΉαΈa*
, β
piece
,
fragment
,
sugar
in
crystalline
form
β).
verb
-
candy
,
candying
,
candies
,
candied
to
cook
fruit
,
nuts
,
or
peel
in
sugar
syrup
until
coated
with
a
shiny
or
crystalline
layer
β’
Grandma
loves
to
candy
orange
peels
for
holiday
cakes
.
Grandma
loves
to
candy
orange
peels
for
holiday
cakes
.
β’
After
the
apples
cooled
,
the
chef
candied
them
with
a
thin
sugar
glaze
.
After
the
apples
cooled
,
the
chef
candied
them
with
a
thin
sugar
glaze
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
:
to
make
something
like
candy
by
coating
it
with
sugar
.
mandate
noun
an
official
order
or
rule
issued
by
an
authority
that
must
be
obeyed
β’
During
the
drought
,
the
city
council
passed
a
water-use
mandate
limiting
lawn
watering
to
once
a
week
.
During
the
drought
,
the
city
council
passed
a
water-use
mandate
limiting
lawn
watering
to
once
a
week
.
β’
The
airline
introduced
a
face-mask
mandate
for
all
passengers
.
The
airline
introduced
a
face-mask
mandate
for
all
passengers
.
From
Latin
mandatum
β
something
commanded
,β
from
mandare
β
to
hand
over
,
to
command
.β
noun
the
authority
voters
give
to
an
elected
government
or
leader
to
carry
out
policies
β’
The
new
president
claimed
a
clear
mandate
to
reform
the
healthcare
system
.
The
new
president
claimed
a
clear
mandate
to
reform
the
healthcare
system
.
β’
With
only
a
slim
majority
,
the
coalition
lacked
a
solid
mandate
for
radical
change
.
With
only
a
slim
majority
,
the
coalition
lacked
a
solid
mandate
for
radical
change
.
verb
-
mandate
,
mandating
,
mandates
,
mandated
to
order
or
require
something
by
authority
β’
The
new
regulation
mandates
companies
to
report
carbon
emissions
yearly
.
The
new
regulation
mandates
companies
to
report
carbon
emissions
yearly
.
β’
The
policy
mandated
a
minimum
wage
increase
for
all
workers
.
The
policy
mandated
a
minimum
wage
increase
for
all
workers
.
verb
-
mandate
,
mandating
,
mandates
,
mandated
to
give
someone
the
authority
or
power
to
act
β’
The
shareholders
mandated
the
board
to
search
for
a
new
CEO
.
The
shareholders
mandated
the
board
to
search
for
a
new
CEO
.
β’
The
treaty
mandates
the
commission
to
oversee
elections
.
The
treaty
mandates
the
commission
to
oversee
elections
.
noun
(
law
)
a
formal
contract
in
which
one
person
authorizes
another
to
act
on
their
behalf
β’
Under
the
mandate
,
the
agent
could
negotiate
the
sale
of
the
property
.
Under
the
mandate
,
the
agent
could
negotiate
the
sale
of
the
property
.
β’
The
court
examined
whether
the
mandate
had
expired
when
the
client
died
.
The
court
examined
whether
the
mandate
had
expired
when
the
client
died
.
noun
(
historical
)
a
territory
placed
under
the
administration
of
another
country
by
the
League
of
Nations
after
World
War
I
β’
Syria
was
once
a
French
mandate
created
after
the
First
World
War
.
Syria
was
once
a
French
mandate
created
after
the
First
World
War
.
β’
The
League
of
Nations
divided
the
Ottoman
Empire
into
several
mandates
.
The
League
of
Nations
divided
the
Ottoman
Empire
into
several
mandates
.
sandwich
noun
-
sandwich
,
sandwiches
Two
slices
of
bread
(
or
a
split
roll
)
with
meat
,
cheese
,
vegetables
,
or
other
food
placed
between
them
and
eaten
as
a
light
meal
.
β’
She
packed
a
ham
sandwich
for
lunch
.
She
packed
a
ham
sandwich
for
lunch
.
β’
Do
you
want
your
sandwich
toasted
or
cold
?
Do
you
want
your
sandwich
toasted
or
cold
?
Named
after
John
Montagu
,
4th
Earl
of
Sandwich
(
1718β1792
),
who
reportedly
ate
meat
between
slices
of
bread
so
he
could
continue
gambling
without
stopping
for
a
formal
meal
.
verb
-
sandwich
,
sandwiching
,
sandwiches
,
sandwiched
To
place
or
squeeze
someone
or
something
tightly
between
two
other
people
or
things
.
β’
The
little
house
was
sandwiched
between
two
skyscrapers
.
The
little
house
was
sandwiched
between
two
skyscrapers
.
β’
She
sandwiched
her
notes
between
the
pages
of
the
textbook
.
She
sandwiched
her
notes
between
the
pages
of
the
textbook
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
,
figuratively
extending
the
idea
of
food
between
bread
slices
to
any
object
or
person
trapped
between
two
others
.
handful
noun
the
amount
of
something
that
you
can
hold
in
one
hand
β’
She
scooped
a
handful
of
sand
and
let
it
run
through
her
fingers
.
She
scooped
a
handful
of
sand
and
let
it
run
through
her
fingers
.
β’
Add
a
handful
of
nuts
to
the
salad
for
extra
crunch
.
Add
a
handful
of
nuts
to
the
salad
for
extra
crunch
.
noun
a
very
small
number
of
people
or
things
β’
Only
a
handful
of
guests
showed
up
because
of
the
storm
.
Only
a
handful
of
guests
showed
up
because
of
the
storm
.
β’
There
are
just
a
handful
of
cookies
left
in
the
tin
.
There
are
just
a
handful
of
cookies
left
in
the
tin
.
noun
a
person
,
child
,
or
animal
who
is
difficult
to
control
or
deal
with
β’
Their
puppy
is
cute
,
but
he's
quite
a
handful
when
visitors
arrive
.
Their
puppy
is
cute
,
but
he's
quite
a
handful
when
visitors
arrive
.
β’
The
twins
can
be
a
handful
for
their
grandparents
.
The
twins
can
be
a
handful
for
their
grandparents
.
standing
verb
-
stand
,
standing
,
stands
,
stood
present
participle
of
stand
:
to
be
in
an
upright
position
on
your
feet
β’
The
children
are
standing
in
a
circle
,
ready
to
play
.
The
children
are
standing
in
a
circle
,
ready
to
play
.
β’
He
was
standing
on
the
balcony
when
the
rain
began
.
He
was
standing
on
the
balcony
when
the
rain
began
.
adjective
upright
on
your
feet
,
not
sitting
or
lying
β’
The
audience
remained
standing
throughout
the
national
anthem
.
The
audience
remained
standing
throughout
the
national
anthem
.
β’
After
hours
of
standing
in
line
,
they
finally
bought
concert
tickets
.
After
hours
of
standing
in
line
,
they
finally
bought
concert
tickets
.
adjective
continuing
or
arranged
to
last
for
a
long
time
;
permanent
or
regular
β’
We
have
a
standing
meeting
every
Monday
morning
.
We
have
a
standing
meeting
every
Monday
morning
.
β’
The
club
offers
its
members
a
standing
discount
at
the
gym
.
The
club
offers
its
members
a
standing
discount
at
the
gym
.
noun
a
position
in
a
list
that
shows
how
well
someone
or
something
is
doing
compared
with
others
β’
The
team
finished
the
season
in
first
standing
in
the
league
.
The
team
finished
the
season
in
first
standing
in
the
league
.
β’
Check
the
current
standings
online
to
see
who
is
leading
the
tournament
.
Check
the
current
standings
online
to
see
who
is
leading
the
tournament
.
noun
the
respect
,
importance
,
or
reputation
that
someone
or
something
has
β’
Winning
the
award
greatly
improved
her
professional
standing
.
Winning
the
award
greatly
improved
her
professional
standing
.
β’
Despite
his
wealth
,
his
moral
standing
was
questioned
after
the
scandal
.
Despite
his
wealth
,
his
moral
standing
was
questioned
after
the
scandal
.
noun
the
length
of
time
that
something
has
existed
β’
They
resolved
a
dispute
of
long
standing
.
They
resolved
a
dispute
of
long
standing
.
β’
The
shop
is
a
tradition
of
fifty
years
β
standing
.
The
shop
is
a
tradition
of
fifty
years
β
standing
.
wander
verb
to
walk
or
travel
around
with
no
fixed
plan
,
purpose
,
or
destination
β’
On
warm
summer
evenings
,
locals
love
to
wander
along
the
riverside
promenade
watching
the
reflections
on
the
water
.
On
warm
summer
evenings
,
locals
love
to
wander
along
the
riverside
promenade
watching
the
reflections
on
the
water
.
β’
After
checking
into
her
hostel
,
Mia
wandered
through
the
lively
street
market
,
tasting
snacks
from
every
stall
.
After
checking
into
her
hostel
,
Mia
wandered
through
the
lively
street
market
,
tasting
snacks
from
every
stall
.
From
Old
English
wandrian
β
to
move
aimlessly
,β
related
to
Old
High
German
wantarΕn
β
to
roam
.β
verb
to
stray
or
move
away
from
the
correct
path
or
place
β’
If
you
don
β
t
latch
the
gate
,
the
sheep
will
wander
onto
the
road
.
If
you
don
β
t
latch
the
gate
,
the
sheep
will
wander
onto
the
road
.
β’
The
toddler
wandered
away
from
his
mother
in
the
busy
department
store
.
The
toddler
wandered
away
from
his
mother
in
the
busy
department
store
.
verb
(
of
thoughts
,
attention
,
or
conversation
)
to
shift
away
from
the
main
focus
or
subject
β’
Her
mind
often
wanders
during
long
meetings
.
Her
mind
often
wanders
during
long
meetings
.
β’
Try
not
to
let
the
discussion
wander
too
far
from
the
agenda
.
Try
not
to
let
the
discussion
wander
too
far
from
the
agenda
.