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year
noun
a
period
of
twelve
months
,
counted
from
January
to
December
,
or
any
continuous
span
of
twelve
months
•
I
want
to
travel
around
the
world
next
year
.
I
want
to
travel
around
the
world
next
year
.
•
It
has
been
a
rainy
year
for
the
farmers
.
It
has
been
a
rainy
year
for
the
farmers
.
Old
English
gēar
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*jērą
,
related
to
Greek
hōra
“
year
,
season
.”
noun
a
unit
for
stating
or
measuring
how
old
someone
or
something
is
•
Maria
is
eight
years
old
and
loves
drawing
.
Maria
is
eight
years
old
and
loves
drawing
.
•
At
21
years
of
age
,
he
started
his
own
business
.
At
21
years
of
age
,
he
started
his
own
business
.
noun
the
period
during
which
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
holds
classes
,
usually
from
late
summer
or
early
autumn
to
the
next
summer
•
The
new
year
at
our
school
starts
in
September
.
The
new
year
at
our
school
starts
in
September
.
•
During
her
final
year
of
university
,
she
wrote
a
thesis
.
During
her
final
year
of
university
,
she
wrote
a
thesis
.
noun
(
usually
in
plural
)
a
very
long
time
•
I
haven't
seen
you
in
years
!
I
haven't
seen
you
in
years
!
•
It
took
years
to
build
the
Great
Wall
.
It
took
years
to
build
the
Great
Wall
.
hear
verb
-
hear
,
hearing
,
hears
,
heard
to
notice
sounds
with
your
ears
•
From
the
quiet
forest
,
Mia
could
hear
birds
singing
at
dawn
.
From
the
quiet
forest
,
Mia
could
hear
birds
singing
at
dawn
.
•
Grandpa
can
’
t
hear
the
doorbell
ring
without
his
hearing
aid
.
Grandpa
can
’
t
hear
the
doorbell
ring
without
his
hearing
aid
.
verb
-
hear
,
hearing
,
hears
,
heard
to
learn
information
because
someone
tells
you
or
you
read
or
see
it
•
I
heard
that
our
history
exam
has
been
canceled
.
I
heard
that
our
history
exam
has
been
canceled
.
•
Have
you
heard
about
the
new
bakery
on
Maple
Street
?
Have
you
heard
about
the
new
bakery
on
Maple
Street
?
verb
-
hear
,
hearing
,
hears
,
heard
to
listen
to
and
consider
something
officially
,
especially
in
a
court
or
meeting
•
Tomorrow
the
judge
will
hear
the
evidence
from
both
sides
.
Tomorrow
the
judge
will
hear
the
evidence
from
both
sides
.
•
The
school
board
heard
parents
’
concerns
during
the
meeting
.
The
school
board
heard
parents
’
concerns
during
the
meeting
.
verb
-
hear
,
hearing
,
hears
,
heard
to
listen
to
and
answer
a
prayer
,
request
,
or
wish
(
often
about
a
deity
or
authority
)
•
She
prayed
that
the
heavens
would
hear
her
plea
for
rain
.
She
prayed
that
the
heavens
would
hear
her
plea
for
rain
.
•
May
the
spirits
hear
our
song
and
protect
the
village
.
May
the
spirits
hear
our
song
and
protect
the
village
.
war
noun
armed
fighting
between
nations
,
states
,
or
large
groups
of
people
•
History
class
today
covered
how
the
war
changed
the
borders
of
Europe
.
History
class
today
covered
how
the
war
changed
the
borders
of
Europe
.
•
The
old
veteran
told
stories
of
life
during
the
war
.
The
old
veteran
told
stories
of
life
during
the
war
.
Old
English
‘
werre
’
from
Old
Northern
French
‘
werre
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
ultimately
related
to
‘
worse
’.
noun
a
fierce
and
continuous
competition
or
struggle
between
groups
,
companies
,
or
ideas
•
The
two
supermarkets
started
a
price
war
and
milk
became
incredibly
cheap
.
The
two
supermarkets
started
a
price
war
and
milk
became
incredibly
cheap
.
•
There
is
a
constant
advertising
war
between
smartphone
makers
.
There
is
a
constant
advertising
war
between
smartphone
makers
.
verb
-
war
,
warring
,
wars
,
warred
to
fight
in
or
as
if
in
a
war
•
Rival
clans
warred
across
the
mountains
for
control
of
the
pass
.
Rival
clans
warred
across
the
mountains
for
control
of
the
pass
.
•
Nations
that
war
over
resources
often
neglect
their
people's
needs
.
Nations
that
war
over
resources
often
neglect
their
people's
needs
.
car
noun
a
road
vehicle
with
four
wheels
and
an
engine
,
used
for
carrying
a
small
number
of
people
•
We
packed
our
bags
and
got
into
the
car
for
the
trip
to
the
beach
.
We
packed
our
bags
and
got
into
the
car
for
the
trip
to
the
beach
.
•
A
mechanic
lifted
the
car
to
change
its
tires
in
the
garage
.
A
mechanic
lifted
the
car
to
change
its
tires
in
the
garage
.
From
late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
Northern
French
‘
carre
’
meaning
‘
wheeled
vehicle
’,
from
Latin
‘
carrus
’
or
‘
carrum
’,
a
two-wheeled
wagon
.
noun
a
separate
section
of
a
train
where
passengers
or
goods
are
carried
•
The
train
was
crowded
,
so
we
moved
to
the
last
car
where
there
were
free
seats
.
The
train
was
crowded
,
so
we
moved
to
the
last
car
where
there
were
free
seats
.
•
Our
tickets
were
for
the
dining
car
,
so
we
enjoyed
lunch
while
watching
the
scenery
.
Our
tickets
were
for
the
dining
car
,
so
we
enjoyed
lunch
while
watching
the
scenery
.
Extended
use
of
‘
car
’
for
railway
vehicles
began
in
the
early
19th
century
with
the
advent
of
rail
transport
.
noun
the
enclosed
compartment
of
a
lift
or
cable
system
that
carries
people
or
goods
•
Only
four
people
can
fit
in
the
elevator
car
at
once
.
Only
four
people
can
fit
in
the
elevator
car
at
once
.
•
A
cable
car
climbed
slowly
up
the
mountain
,
giving
us
a
stunning
view
of
the
valley
.
A
cable
car
climbed
slowly
up
the
mountain
,
giving
us
a
stunning
view
of
the
valley
.
The
sense
of
‘
car
’
as
a
lift
or
cable
compartment
developed
from
its
general
meaning
of
‘
vehicle
’
in
the
late
19th
century
.
appear
verb
to
come
into
sight
after
not
being
seen
•
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
•
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
From
Latin
apparēre
meaning
“
to
become
visible
,
to
be
evident
.”
verb
to
seem
or
give
the
impression
of
being
something
•
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
•
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
Latin
apparēre
.
verb
to
be
printed
,
shown
,
or
become
available
to
read
or
use
•
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
•
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
Use
developed
with
the
rise
of
print
media
and
later
digital
displays
.
verb
to
take
part
in
a
public
performance
or
to
be
present
officially
•
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
•
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
Sense
extended
in
Middle
English
to
public
performances
and
legal
presence
.
wear
verb
-
wear
,
wearing
,
wears
,
wore
,
worn
to
have
clothes
,
jewellery
,
or
other
items
on
your
body
•
He
wears
a
blue
uniform
to
work
every
day
.
He
wears
a
blue
uniform
to
work
every
day
.
•
Please
wear
your
seat
belt
while
the
car
is
moving
.
Please
wear
your
seat
belt
while
the
car
is
moving
.
Old
English
werian
“
to
clothe
,
put
on
,
carry
”,
related
to
German
tragen
“
to
carry
”.
verb
-
wear
,
wearing
,
wears
,
wore
,
worn
to
gradually
become
thin
or
damaged
through
long
use
•
The
gold
letters
on
the
sign
have
begun
to
wear
after
years
of
rain
.
The
gold
letters
on
the
sign
have
begun
to
wear
after
years
of
rain
.
•
These
tires
will
wear
quickly
on
rough
roads
.
These
tires
will
wear
quickly
on
rough
roads
.
clear
verb
to
remove
things
from
a
place
so
that
nothing
is
left
blocking
or
covering
it
•
Could
you
clear
the
dishes
from
the
table
?
Could
you
clear
the
dishes
from
the
table
?
•
Firefighters
worked
to
clear
the
road
of
fallen
branches
.
Firefighters
worked
to
clear
the
road
of
fallen
branches
.
From
Middle
English
cleren
,
from
the
adjective
.
verb
(
of
weather
or
the
sky
)
to
become
free
of
clouds
,
rain
,
or
fog
•
The
storm
lasted
all
night
but
it
cleared
by
morning
.
The
storm
lasted
all
night
but
it
cleared
by
morning
.
•
If
the
fog
clears
,
we
can
see
the
mountains
.
If
the
fog
clears
,
we
can
see
the
mountains
.
Extension
of
the
verb
sense
based
on
the
adjective
.
verb
to
remove
things
or
people
from
a
place
so
it
is
empty
or
tidy
•
After
dinner
,
we
clear
the
table
together
.
After
dinner
,
we
clear
the
table
together
.
•
Please
clear
your
desk
before
the
new
employee
arrives
.
Please
clear
your
desk
before
the
new
employee
arrives
.
verb
to
successfully
get
over
or
pass
an
obstacle
,
test
,
or
difficulty
•
The
high
jumper
easily
cleared
the
bar
.
The
high
jumper
easily
cleared
the
bar
.
•
She
studied
hard
and
cleared
the
math
exam
on
her
first
try
.
She
studied
hard
and
cleared
the
math
exam
on
her
first
try
.
star
noun
a
huge
ball
of
burning
gas
in
space
that
looks
like
a
small
bright
point
of
light
in
the
night
sky
•
Lying
on
the
balcony
,
Leo
tried
to
count
the
stars
twinkling
above
him
.
Lying
on
the
balcony
,
Leo
tried
to
count
the
stars
twinkling
above
him
.
•
The
campers
gasped
when
a
shooting
star
streaked
across
the
dark
forest
sky
.
The
campers
gasped
when
a
shooting
star
streaked
across
the
dark
forest
sky
.
Old
English
“
steorra
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*sternō
,
related
to
Latin
“
stella
”
and
Greek
“
aster
,”
all
meaning
a
celestial
body
that
shines
.
noun
a
person
who
is
very
famous
and
admired
for
acting
,
singing
,
sports
,
or
another
public
activity
•
Thousands
of
fans
waited
at
the
airport
to
see
the
movie
star
arrive
.
Thousands
of
fans
waited
at
the
airport
to
see
the
movie
star
arrive
.
•
The
young
striker
quickly
became
a
star
after
scoring
three
goals
in
one
match
.
The
young
striker
quickly
became
a
star
after
scoring
three
goals
in
one
match
.
Transferred
sense
from
the
bright
heavenly
body
to
an
outstanding
person
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
star
,
starring
,
stars
,
starred
to
be
the
main
performer
in
a
film
,
play
,
show
,
or
other
production
•
The
new
comedy
will
star
two
well-known
television
actors
.
The
new
comedy
will
star
two
well-known
television
actors
.
•
She
starred
in
a
hit
musical
that
ran
for
over
a
year
on
Broadway
.
She
starred
in
a
hit
musical
that
ran
for
over
a
year
on
Broadway
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
‘
celebrity
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
meaning
‘
to
feature
as
a
star
’.
near
verb
-
near
,
nearing
,
nears
,
neared
to
move
or
come
close
to
something
•
The
train
neared
the
station
as
passengers
stood
ready
.
The
train
neared
the
station
as
passengers
stood
ready
.
•
As
winter
nears
,
temperatures
drop
sharply
.
As
winter
nears
,
temperatures
drop
sharply
.
similar
adjective
almost
the
same
but
not
exactly
identical
•
The
twins
wear
similar
jackets
,
so
it
is
hard
to
tell
them
apart
.
The
twins
wear
similar
jackets
,
so
it
is
hard
to
tell
them
apart
.
•
This
phone
works
in
a
similar
way
to
the
older
model
.
This
phone
works
in
a
similar
way
to
the
older
model
.
from
Latin
similis
“
like
,
resembling
”
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
like
another
one
in
some
way
•
You
can
use
baking
soda
or
a
similar
to
clean
the
sink
.
You
can
use
baking
soda
or
a
similar
to
clean
the
sink
.
•
The
museum
displays
Greek
vases
and
other
similars
from
the
period
.
The
museum
displays
Greek
vases
and
other
similars
from
the
period
.
Nominal
use
of
the
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
dollar
noun
the
basic
unit
of
money
in
the
United
States
and
several
other
countries
,
equal
to
100
cents
•
One
dollar
equals
one
hundred
cents
.
One
dollar
equals
one
hundred
cents
.
•
She
exchanged
her
euros
for
fifty
dollars
at
the
airport
.
She
exchanged
her
euros
for
fifty
dollars
at
the
airport
.
Early
16th
century
:
from
Low
German
‘
daler
’,
abbreviated
form
of
‘
Joachimstaler
’,
the
name
of
a
silver
coin
first
minted
in
Joachimstal
(
Jáchymov
in
the
Czech
Republic
).
noun
a
coin
or
paper
note
that
has
the
value
of
one
dollar
•
He
tucked
a
silver
dollar
into
the
tip
jar
.
He
tucked
a
silver
dollar
into
the
tip
jar
.
•
The
child
proudly
showed
her
shiny
new
dollar
.
The
child
proudly
showed
her
shiny
new
dollar
.
noun
(
informal
)
money
in
general
,
especially
large
amounts
•
There
’
s
big
dollar
in
renewable
energy
these
days
.
There
’
s
big
dollar
in
renewable
energy
these
days
.
•
They
spent
serious
dollar
renovating
their
kitchen
.
They
spent
serious
dollar
renovating
their
kitchen
.
particular
noun
a
single
fact
or
detail
,
especially
one
of
several
that
make
up
a
fuller
account
•
The
detective
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
The
detective
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
•
Could
you
send
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
by
email
?
Could
you
send
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
by
email
?
noun
a
single
fact
or
detail
,
especially
one
item
in
a
list
of
information
•
The
lawyer
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
The
lawyer
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
•
Before
we
sign
,
could
you
email
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
?
Before
we
sign
,
could
you
email
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
?
fear
noun
the
unpleasant
feeling
you
have
when
you
think
something
bad
or
dangerous
might
happen
•
A
loud
crash
in
the
middle
of
the
night
filled
the
children
with
fear
.
A
loud
crash
in
the
middle
of
the
night
filled
the
children
with
fear
.
•
He
faced
his
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
the
tall
ladder
.
He
faced
his
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
the
tall
ladder
.
Old
English
“
fǣr
”
meaning
sudden
danger
or
calamity
,
later
shifting
to
the
feeling
caused
by
danger
.
noun
a
strong
,
unpleasant
feeling
that
something
bad
,
painful
,
or
dangerous
might
happen
•
The
little
boy
hid
behind
his
mother
in
fear
when
the
large
dog
barked
.
The
little
boy
hid
behind
his
mother
in
fear
when
the
large
dog
barked
.
•
She
overcame
her
lifelong
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
to
the
top
of
the
rock
wall
.
She
overcame
her
lifelong
fear
of
heights
and
climbed
to
the
top
of
the
rock
wall
.
Old
English
“
fǣr
”
meaning
“
danger
,
sudden
calamity
,”
later
evolving
to
mean
the
emotion
caused
by
danger
.
verb
-
fear
,
fearing
,
fears
,
feared
to
feel
afraid
that
something
bad
may
happen
•
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
•
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
in
Old
English
;
verb
use
recorded
from
the
12th
century
.
verb
to
be
afraid
of
someone
or
something
,
or
to
worry
that
something
bad
might
happen
•
Many
people
fear
spiders
even
though
most
species
are
harmless
to
humans
.
Many
people
fear
spiders
even
though
most
species
are
harmless
to
humans
.
•
I
fear
that
we
will
miss
the
train
if
we
don
’
t
hurry
to
the
station
.
I
fear
that
we
will
miss
the
train
if
we
don
’
t
hurry
to
the
station
.
From
Old
English
“
fǣran
”
meaning
“
frighten
,”
later
used
reflexively
to
mean
“
be
afraid
.”
born
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
,
born
used
as
the
past
participle
of
“
bear
”
with
the
verb
“
be
”
to
show
when
,
where
,
or
in
what
circumstances
someone
or
something
first
came
into
life
•
She
was
born
in
Chicago
in
2010
.
She
was
born
in
Chicago
in
2010
.
•
The
twins
were
born
only
five
minutes
apart
.
The
twins
were
born
only
five
minutes
apart
.
Old
English
“
boren
”,
past
participle
of
“
beran
” (
to
bear
,
carry
,
give
birth
).
In
the
specific
sense
of
childbirth
, “
born
”
gradually
replaced
earlier
“
borne
”
from
the
17th
century
onward
.
bar
noun
a
place
where
alcoholic
drinks
are
served
and
people
go
to
relax
or
socialize
•
After
work
,
we
met
at
a
cozy
bar
for
a
drink
.
After
work
,
we
met
at
a
cozy
bar
for
a
drink
.
•
The
hotel
’
s
rooftop
bar
gives
a
great
view
of
the
skyline
.
The
hotel
’
s
rooftop
bar
gives
a
great
view
of
the
skyline
.
From
Old
French
barre
,
from
Vulgar
Latin
*barra
‘
bar
,
barrier
’.
noun
a
small
,
rectangular
block
of
something
solid
,
especially
food
like
chocolate
or
a
cleaning
product
like
soap
•
She
unwrapped
a
bar
of
dark
chocolate
.
She
unwrapped
a
bar
of
dark
chocolate
.
•
The
hotel
provided
a
tiny
bar
of
soap
in
the
bathroom
.
The
hotel
provided
a
tiny
bar
of
soap
in
the
bathroom
.
Extension
of
Sense
2
to
describe
small
block
shape
.
noun
a
long
,
solid
piece
of
metal
,
wood
,
or
other
material
,
often
used
as
a
rod
,
railing
,
or
support
•
He
gripped
the
metal
bar
of
the
pull-up
station
tightly
.
He
gripped
the
metal
bar
of
the
pull-up
station
tightly
.
•
Thick
iron
bars
covered
the
old
prison
windows
.
Thick
iron
bars
covered
the
old
prison
windows
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
a
short
vertical
or
horizontal
line
in
written
music
that
divides
the
notes
into
equal
groups
of
beats
,
also
called
a
measure
•
Each
bar
in
this
song
has
four
beats
.
Each
bar
in
this
song
has
four
beats
.
•
Drummers
count
the
bars
to
keep
perfect
timing
.
Drummers
count
the
bars
to
keep
perfect
timing
.
Adopted
in
17th-century
music
theory
from
the
idea
of
a
straight
line
(
Sense
2
).
verb
-
bar
,
barring
,
bars
,
barred
to
block
something
with
a
bar
or
similar
object
so
that
people
or
things
cannot
pass
•
They
barred
the
door
with
a
heavy
plank
during
the
storm
.
They
barred
the
door
with
a
heavy
plank
during
the
storm
.
•
Protesters
tried
to
enter
,
but
police
had
barred
the
gate
.
Protesters
tried
to
enter
,
but
police
had
barred
the
gate
.
Same
physical
sense
as
Noun
Sense
2
,
applied
to
an
action
.
verb
-
bar
,
barring
,
bars
,
barred
to
officially
prevent
someone
from
doing
something
or
from
going
somewhere
•
The
company
barred
him
from
using
their
computers
after
the
breach
.
The
company
barred
him
from
using
their
computers
after
the
breach
.
•
Pets
are
barred
from
the
hotel
restaurant
.
Pets
are
barred
from
the
hotel
restaurant
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
blocking
with
a
physical
bar
.
noun
a
unit
of
pressure
equal
to
100
,
000
pascals
,
roughly
the
average
atmospheric
pressure
at
sea
level
•
Deep-sea
vessels
must
withstand
more
than
50
bars
of
pressure
.
Deep-sea
vessels
must
withstand
more
than
50
bars
of
pressure
.
•
Tire
pressure
is
usually
around
2
.
5
bars
.
Tire
pressure
is
usually
around
2
.
5
bars
.
From
Greek
baros
‘
weight
’.
Adopted
into
scientific
use
in
the
late
19th
century
.
Bar
noun
the
legal
profession
as
a
whole
,
or
the
examination
that
law
graduates
must
pass
to
practice
as
lawyers
•
After
years
of
study
,
she
finally
passed
the
Bar
and
became
an
attorney
.
After
years
of
study
,
she
finally
passed
the
Bar
and
became
an
attorney
.
•
He
has
practiced
at
the
criminal
Bar
for
two
decades
.
He
has
practiced
at
the
criminal
Bar
for
two
decades
.
Comes
from
the
physical
wooden
barrier
(
Sense
2
)
separating
judges
and
lawyers
from
the
public
in
old
English
courts
.
regular
noun
a
person
who
visits
or
uses
a
place
or
service
very
often
•
The
barista
greeted
the
regular
with
a
warm
smile
.
The
barista
greeted
the
regular
with
a
warm
smile
.
•
As
a
regular
,
he
knows
all
the
waiters
by
name
.
As
a
regular
,
he
knows
all
the
waiters
by
name
.
ear
noun
the
part
of
the
body
on
the
side
of
the
head
that
lets
people
and
many
animals
hear
and
keep
their
balance
•
The
puppy
perked
up
its
ear
when
it
heard
its
owner's
whistle
.
The
puppy
perked
up
its
ear
when
it
heard
its
owner's
whistle
.
•
Emma
covered
her
ears
during
the
loud
fireworks
display
.
Emma
covered
her
ears
during
the
loud
fireworks
display
.
Old
English
“
ēare
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*ausō
,
related
to
Latin
"
auris
."
noun
the
natural
ability
to
notice
,
understand
,
and
appreciate
sounds
such
as
music
,
voices
,
or
the
way
words
are
pronounced
•
Sofia
has
a
good
ear
for
languages
and
can
copy
accents
perfectly
.
Sofia
has
a
good
ear
for
languages
and
can
copy
accents
perfectly
.
•
The
music
teacher
praised
Jake's
ear
after
he
tuned
the
guitar
precisely
.
The
music
teacher
praised
Jake's
ear
after
he
tuned
the
guitar
precisely
.
Metaphoric
extension
from
the
physical
organ
to
the
sense
of
perception
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
the
top
part
of
a
cereal
plant
,
such
as
wheat
or
corn
,
that
contains
the
seeds
or
grains
•
The
farmer
inspected
each
ear
of
corn
for
pests
.
The
farmer
inspected
each
ear
of
corn
for
pests
.
•
A
single
golden
ear
of
wheat
swayed
in
the
evening
breeze
.
A
single
golden
ear
of
wheat
swayed
in
the
evening
breeze
.
Old
English
“
ēar
”
referring
to
the
grain-bearing
head
of
cereals
,
related
to
German
“
Ähre
.”
familiar
noun
a
spirit
,
often
in
animal
form
,
believed
to
serve
and
help
a
witch
or
magician
•
The
witch
’
s
black
cat
served
as
her
familiar
during
rituals
.
The
witch
’
s
black
cat
served
as
her
familiar
during
rituals
.
•
Legends
say
a
sorcerer
cannot
cast
a
powerful
spell
without
a
loyal
familiar
.
Legends
say
a
sorcerer
cannot
cast
a
powerful
spell
without
a
loyal
familiar
.
Sense
of
“
attendant
spirit
”
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
,
based
on
the
idea
of
a
demon
that
is
as
close
as
a
household
servant
.
noun
a
close
friend
or
companion
(
dated
)
•
The
old
knight
spoke
only
to
his
trusted
familiar
about
the
secret
plan
.
The
old
knight
spoke
only
to
his
trusted
familiar
about
the
secret
plan
.
•
A
ruler
needs
a
loyal
familiar
beside
him
in
hard
times
.
A
ruler
needs
a
loyal
familiar
beside
him
in
hard
times
.
disappear
verb
to
suddenly
go
out
of
sight
so
that
no
longer
anything
can
be
seen
•
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
•
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
From
French
disparoir
,
from
Latin
disparēre
(
to
vanish
).
verb
to
stop
existing
or
being
available
•
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
•
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
verb
for
a
person
or
animal
:
to
go
somewhere
secretly
or
be
missing
so
that
no
one
knows
where
they
are
•
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
•
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
Same
historical
origin
as
primary
sense
.
sugar
noun
A
sweet
,
white
or
brown
crystalline
substance
made
from
plants
such
as
sugar
cane
or
sugar
beet
and
used
to
make
food
and
drinks
taste
sweet
.
•
Could
you
pass
the
bowl
of
sugar
for
my
coffee
?
Could
you
pass
the
bowl
of
sugar
for
my
coffee
?
•
He
sprinkled
sugar
over
the
berries
to
make
them
sweeter
.
He
sprinkled
sugar
over
the
berries
to
make
them
sweeter
.
From
Middle
English
sugre
,
from
Old
French
sucre
,
from
Medieval
Latin
succarum
,
from
Arabic
sukkar
,
ultimately
from
Sanskrit
śarkarā
meaning
‘
gravel
,
sugar
’.
noun
(
informal
)
A
friendly
way
of
addressing
someone
you
like
,
similar
to
‘
dear
’
or
‘
sweetheart
’.
•
Thanks
for
holding
the
door
,
sugar
.
Thanks
for
holding
the
door
,
sugar
.
•
Come
here
,
sugar
,
and
give
me
a
hug
!
Come
here
,
sugar
,
and
give
me
a
hug
!
verb
-
sugar
,
sugaring
,
sugars
,
sugared
To
add
sugar
to
food
or
drink
in
order
to
make
it
sweet
.
•
She
sugared
her
tea
before
tasting
it
.
She
sugared
her
tea
before
tasting
it
.
•
Grandma
always
sugars
the
strawberries
to
make
a
syrup
.
Grandma
always
sugars
the
strawberries
to
make
a
syrup
.
noun
Any
of
a
group
of
simple
carbohydrates
found
naturally
in
foods
such
as
fruit
,
milk
,
and
honey
,
or
made
by
the
body
for
energy
.
•
Glucose
is
a
type
of
sugar
your
body
uses
for
energy
.
Glucose
is
a
type
of
sugar
your
body
uses
for
energy
.
•
Doctors
check
blood
sugar
levels
to
monitor
diabetes
.
Doctors
check
blood
sugar
levels
to
monitor
diabetes
.
bear
noun
a
large
,
strong
mammal
with
thick
fur
and
a
very
short
tail
that
lives
in
forests
or
on
snowy
mountains
•
The
campers
froze
when
a
huge
brown
bear
stepped
out
of
the
trees
.
The
campers
froze
when
a
huge
brown
bear
stepped
out
of
the
trees
.
•
A
polar
bear
uses
its
big
paws
to
break
a
hole
in
the
ice
and
catch
a
seal
.
A
polar
bear
uses
its
big
paws
to
break
a
hole
in
the
ice
and
catch
a
seal
.
Old
English
“
bera
,”
related
to
German
“
Bär
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*berô
‘
the
brown
one
’.
noun
a
large
,
strong
mammal
with
thick
fur
and
a
very
short
tail
that
lives
in
forests
or
mountains
and
eats
meat
,
fish
,
and
plants
•
The
bear
stood
on
its
hind
legs
to
reach
the
honeycomb
in
the
tree
.
The
bear
stood
on
its
hind
legs
to
reach
the
honeycomb
in
the
tree
.
•
We
saw
a
mother
bear
guiding
her
two
cubs
across
the
river
.
We
saw
a
mother
bear
guiding
her
two
cubs
across
the
river
.
Old
English
"
bera
",
related
to
German
"
Bär
",
originally
meaning
"
the
brown
one
"
to
avoid
saying
the
animal
’
s
true
name
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
carry
or
support
the
weight
of
something
•
The
old
bridge
can
still
bear
heavy
trucks
.
The
old
bridge
can
still
bear
heavy
trucks
.
•
Please
bear
this
tray
carefully
;
the
glasses
are
full
.
Please
bear
this
tray
carefully
;
the
glasses
are
full
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
accept
or
tolerate
something
difficult
or
unpleasant
•
I
can
’
t
bear
loud
noises
when
I
’
m
studying
.
I
can
’
t
bear
loud
noises
when
I
’
m
studying
.
•
She
had
to
bear
the
pain
until
help
arrived
.
She
had
to
bear
the
pain
until
help
arrived
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
move
or
turn
in
a
particular
direction
•
At
the
fork
in
the
road
,
bear
left
toward
the
lake
.
At
the
fork
in
the
road
,
bear
left
toward
the
lake
.
•
The
trail
bears
north
after
the
old
oak
tree
.
The
trail
bears
north
after
the
old
oak
tree
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
carry
or
support
the
weight
of
something
•
The
old
bridge
can
no
longer
bear
the
weight
of
heavy
trucks
.
The
old
bridge
can
no
longer
bear
the
weight
of
heavy
trucks
.
•
She
bore
a
tray
of
hot
tea
carefully
up
the
stairs
.
She
bore
a
tray
of
hot
tea
carefully
up
the
stairs
.
Old
English
“
beran
”
meant
“
to
carry
or
bring
,”
related
to
German
“
tragen
”
and
Latin
“
ferre
.”
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
turn
or
move
in
a
stated
direction
•
At
the
fork
,
bear
left
toward
the
beach
.
At
the
fork
,
bear
left
toward
the
beach
.
•
The
hiking
trail
bears
right
after
the
waterfall
.
The
hiking
trail
bears
right
after
the
waterfall
.
Navigation
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
perhaps
from
the
idea
of
a
path
‘
bearing
’
or
carrying
you
in
a
direction
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
give
birth
to
a
child
or
a
young
animal
•
The
queen
is
expected
to
bear
an
heir
next
spring
.
The
queen
is
expected
to
bear
an
heir
next
spring
.
•
The
ewe
bore
two
healthy
lambs
during
the
night
.
The
ewe
bore
two
healthy
lambs
during
the
night
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
produce
flowers
,
fruit
,
or
results
•
The
apple
tree
will
bear
fruit
in
the
autumn
.
The
apple
tree
will
bear
fruit
in
the
autumn
.
•
His
hard
work
finally
bore
results
when
he
got
the
patent
.
His
hard
work
finally
bore
results
when
he
got
the
patent
.
noun
a
large
,
strong
,
or
rough
person
who
seems
clumsy
or
behaves
in
a
gruff
way
,
often
used
affectionately
or
jokingly
•
Don
looks
scary
,
but
he
’
s
really
a
gentle
bear
once
you
know
him
.
Don
looks
scary
,
but
he
’
s
really
a
gentle
bear
once
you
know
him
.
•
At
parties
,
she
can
be
a
bear
to
talk
to
until
she
has
her
first
cup
of
coffee
.
At
parties
,
she
can
be
a
bear
to
talk
to
until
she
has
her
first
cup
of
coffee
.
Transferred
sense
from
the
animal
’
s
size
and
strength
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
accept
or
endure
something
difficult
or
unpleasant
•
I
can
’
t
bear
the
sound
of
nails
scratching
a
chalkboard
.
I
can
’
t
bear
the
sound
of
nails
scratching
a
chalkboard
.
•
She
bore
the
loss
of
her
pet
with
quiet
bravery
.
She
bore
the
loss
of
her
pet
with
quiet
bravery
.
Same
Old
English
root
“
beran
,”
expanding
from
physical
carrying
to
mental
burden
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
borne
to
produce
fruit
,
flowers
,
or
results
•
Our
apple
tree
bore
a
record
number
of
fruit
this
year
.
Our
apple
tree
bore
a
record
number
of
fruit
this
year
.
•
The
experiment
is
starting
to
bear
results
after
months
of
testing
.
The
experiment
is
starting
to
bear
results
after
months
of
testing
.
Metaphoric
extension
from
‘
carry
’
to
‘
bring
forth
’
first
appears
in
Middle
English
farming
texts
.
noun
an
investor
who
believes
that
prices
will
fall
and
who
may
sell
shares
hoping
to
buy
them
back
cheaper
later
•
The
market
drop
rewarded
the
bear
who
had
sold
early
.
The
market
drop
rewarded
the
bear
who
had
sold
early
.
•
Many
bears
expect
the
company
’
s
stock
to
decline
this
quarter
.
Many
bears
expect
the
company
’
s
stock
to
decline
this
quarter
.
From
18th-century
London
Stock
Exchange
slang
,
shortening
of
"
bearskin
jobber
"—
someone
who
sold
the
bear
’
s
skin
before
catching
the
bear
.
noun
an
investor
who
expects
prices
on
a
financial
market
to
fall
and
may
try
to
profit
from
that
drop
•
During
the
crash
,
bears
made
money
by
betting
that
stocks
would
keep
falling
.
During
the
crash
,
bears
made
money
by
betting
that
stocks
would
keep
falling
.
•
Even
though
the
economy
looked
strong
,
some
bears
warned
that
the
market
was
overvalued
.
Even
though
the
economy
looked
strong
,
some
bears
warned
that
the
market
was
overvalued
.
By
the
early
18th
century
,
London
traders
spoke
of
“
selling
the
bear
’
s
skin
before
one
has
caught
the
bear
,”
meaning
selling
something
you
do
not
yet
own
.
The
phrase
was
shortened
to
“
bear
”
for
anyone
expecting
a
price
fall
.
verb
-
bear
,
bearing
,
bears
,
bore
,
born
,
borne
to
give
birth
to
a
child
or
young
•
Queen
Victoria
bore
nine
children
during
her
lifetime
.
Queen
Victoria
bore
nine
children
during
her
lifetime
.
•
The
mare
will
bear
a
foal
in
early
spring
.
The
mare
will
bear
a
foal
in
early
spring
.
Sense
of
childbirth
from
Old
English
“
beran
,”
with
past
participle
form
“
born
”
eventually
becoming
a
separate
adjective
.
tear
noun
a
drop
of
salty
liquid
that
comes
from
your
eye
when
you
cry
or
when
your
eyes
water
•
A
single
tear
rolled
down
his
cheek
as
he
watched
the
sad
movie
.
A
single
tear
rolled
down
his
cheek
as
he
watched
the
sad
movie
.
•
The
cold
wind
was
so
strong
that
it
brought
tears
to
her
eyes
.
The
cold
wind
was
so
strong
that
it
brought
tears
to
her
eyes
.
noun
a
drop
of
salty
liquid
that
comes
from
the
eye
when
you
cry
,
laugh
hard
,
or
when
the
eye
is
irritated
.
•
A
single
tear
rolled
down
her
cheek
during
the
sad
song
.
A
single
tear
rolled
down
her
cheek
during
the
sad
song
.
•
Cold
wind
brought
tears
to
his
eyes
as
he
walked
along
the
snowy
street
.
Cold
wind
brought
tears
to
his
eyes
as
he
walked
along
the
snowy
street
.
verb
-
tear
,
tearing
,
tears
,
tore
,
torn
to
pull
something
apart
or
make
a
hole
in
it
with
force
•
Be
careful
not
to
tear
the
wrapping
paper
when
you
open
the
gift
.
Be
careful
not
to
tear
the
wrapping
paper
when
you
open
the
gift
.
•
She
tore
the
letter
into
tiny
pieces
and
threw
it
away
.
She
tore
the
letter
into
tiny
pieces
and
threw
it
away
.
verb
-
tear
,
tearing
,
tears
,
tore
,
torn
to
pull
something
apart
,
or
make
a
hole
in
it
,
especially
suddenly
or
with
force
.
•
Please
don
’
t
tear
the
gift
wrap
before
we
give
the
present
.
Please
don
’
t
tear
the
gift
wrap
before
we
give
the
present
.
•
Angry
,
she
tore
the
letter
in
half
and
threw
it
into
the
bin
.
Angry
,
she
tore
the
letter
in
half
and
threw
it
into
the
bin
.
noun
a
hole
or
split
in
material
where
it
has
been
ripped
.
•
There
’
s
a
small
tear
in
the
sofa
cushion
.
There
’
s
a
small
tear
in
the
sofa
cushion
.
•
She
sewed
the
tear
quickly
so
the
dress
looked
new
again
.
She
sewed
the
tear
quickly
so
the
dress
looked
new
again
.
noun
a
hole
or
split
in
cloth
,
paper
,
or
another
material
•
There
was
a
small
tear
in
the
sleeve
of
her
jacket
.
There
was
a
small
tear
in
the
sleeve
of
her
jacket
.
•
The
librarian
repaired
the
tear
in
the
ancient
map
with
special
tape
.
The
librarian
repaired
the
tear
in
the
ancient
map
with
special
tape
.
verb
-
tear
,
tearing
,
tears
,
tore
,
torn
to
move
very
quickly
and
often
noisily
or
recklessly
•
The
kids
tore
down
the
hallway
after
the
final
bell
rang
.
The
kids
tore
down
the
hallway
after
the
final
bell
rang
.
•
A
red
sports
car
tore
past
us
on
the
highway
.
A
red
sports
car
tore
past
us
on
the
highway
.
noun
a
short
period
of
wild
or
energetic
activity
,
especially
spending
,
drinking
,
or
winning
repeatedly
•
After
getting
his
bonus
,
he
went
on
a
shopping
tear
downtown
.
After
getting
his
bonus
,
he
went
on
a
shopping
tear
downtown
.
•
They
’
d
been
on
a
two-day
party
tear
in
Las
Vegas
.
They
’
d
been
on
a
two-day
party
tear
in
Las
Vegas
.
solar
noun
(
historical
)
a
private
upper
room
or
sunny
sitting
room
in
a
medieval
English
house
•
The
lord
withdrew
to
the
solar
to
discuss
family
matters
with
his
wife
.
The
lord
withdrew
to
the
solar
to
discuss
family
matters
with
his
wife
.
•
In
many
castles
,
the
solar
was
the
warmest
and
most
comfortable
place
during
winter
.
In
many
castles
,
the
solar
was
the
warmest
and
most
comfortable
place
during
winter
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
literally
“
of
the
sun
,”
referring
to
a
sunlit
upper
chamber
.
swear
verb
-
swear
,
swearing
,
swears
,
swore
,
sworn
to
use
rude
or
offensive
words
,
especially
when
you
are
angry
or
in
pain
•
When
he
hit
his
thumb
with
the
hammer
,
Jake
couldn
’
t
help
but
swear
.
When
he
hit
his
thumb
with
the
hammer
,
Jake
couldn
’
t
help
but
swear
.
•
My
mom
says
she
will
wash
my
mouth
out
with
soap
if
I
swear
again
.
My
mom
says
she
will
wash
my
mouth
out
with
soap
if
I
swear
again
.
Old
English
swerian
“
to
take
an
oath
”
→
Middle
English
“
swere
”
→
Modern
English
“
swear
”.
Offensive-language
sense
developed
later
when
oaths
were
considered
irreverent
.
verb
-
swear
,
swearing
,
swears
,
swore
,
sworn
to
promise
seriously
that
you
will
do
something
or
that
something
is
true
•
I
swear
I
will
finish
the
project
by
Friday
.
I
swear
I
will
finish
the
project
by
Friday
.
•
She
swore
never
to
lie
to
her
best
friend
again
.
She
swore
never
to
lie
to
her
best
friend
again
.
Originally
meant
“
to
take
an
oath
.”
The
promise
meaning
remains
close
to
the
early
sense
.
verb
-
swear
,
swearing
,
swears
,
swore
,
sworn
to
make
a
formal
oath
in
a
law
court
or
when
starting
an
official
job
•
The
witness
stood
and
swore
to
tell
the
whole
truth
.
The
witness
stood
and
swore
to
tell
the
whole
truth
.
•
Every
new
citizen
must
swear
allegiance
during
the
ceremony
.
Every
new
citizen
must
swear
allegiance
during
the
ceremony
.
Legal
oath-taking
sense
is
a
direct
continuation
of
the
Old
English
meaning
,
reinforced
by
medieval
court
practice
.
scholar
noun
a
person
who
has
deep
and
detailed
knowledge
of
a
subject
,
especially
through
serious
academic
study
•
The
history
department
invited
a
famous
scholar
to
give
a
lecture
about
ancient
Greece
.
The
history
department
invited
a
famous
scholar
to
give
a
lecture
about
ancient
Greece
.
•
She
spent
years
in
dusty
libraries
,
becoming
a
respected
scholar
of
medieval
literature
.
She
spent
years
in
dusty
libraries
,
becoming
a
respected
scholar
of
medieval
literature
.
From
Old
English
“
scolere
”,
borrowed
from
Latin
“
scholaris
”
meaning
‘
pupil
’,
related
to
“
schola
” (
school
).
noun
a
student
who
receives
a
scholarship
to
pay
for
their
education
•
The
university
named
Mia
the
top
scholar
in
the
engineering
programme
.
The
university
named
Mia
the
top
scholar
in
the
engineering
programme
.
•
As
a
government
scholar
,
he
studied
abroad
without
worrying
about
tuition
fees
.
As
a
government
scholar
,
he
studied
abroad
without
worrying
about
tuition
fees
.
noun
(
dated
)
a
child
or
young
person
who
attends
school
;
a
pupil
•
In
the
one-room
schoolhouse
,
the
teacher
rang
a
bell
and
the
scholars
hurried
inside
.
In
the
one-room
schoolhouse
,
the
teacher
rang
a
bell
and
the
scholars
hurried
inside
.
•
The
village
charity
bought
new
slates
so
every
young
scholar
could
practise
arithmetic
.
The
village
charity
bought
new
slates
so
every
young
scholar
could
practise
arithmetic
.
dear
noun
a
person
who
is
loved
or
cared
for
,
used
as
a
friendly
or
affectionate
form
of
address
•
Don't
worry
,
dear
,
everything
will
be
fine
.
Don't
worry
,
dear
,
everything
will
be
fine
.
•
Dear
,
could
you
pass
me
the
salt
,
please
?
Dear
,
could
you
pass
me
the
salt
,
please
?
gear
noun
a
toothed
wheel
or
set
of
toothed
parts
in
a
machine
that
fit
together
and
pass
movement
or
power
from
one
part
to
another
•
When
the
clock
struck
noon
,
you
could
see
the
tiny
gears
turning
behind
the
glass
face
.
When
the
clock
struck
noon
,
you
could
see
the
tiny
gears
turning
behind
the
glass
face
.
•
The
mechanic
showed
the
class
a
large
steel
gear
whose
teeth
had
worn
down
.
The
mechanic
showed
the
class
a
large
steel
gear
whose
teeth
had
worn
down
.
from
Old
Norse
gervi
“
equipment
,
apparatus
”,
later
narrowed
to
the
mechanical
sense
in
Middle
English
noun
one
of
several
fixed
positions
in
a
vehicle
’
s
transmission
that
controls
the
balance
of
speed
and
power
•
She
shifted
into
first
gear
before
climbing
the
steep
hill
.
She
shifted
into
first
gear
before
climbing
the
steep
hill
.
•
On
the
highway
he
kept
the
car
in
fifth
gear
for
better
fuel
efficiency
.
On
the
highway
he
kept
the
car
in
fifth
gear
for
better
fuel
efficiency
.
automotive
sense
arose
in
late
19th
century
when
multi-speed
transmissions
were
invented
verb
-
gear
,
gearing
,
gears
,
geared
to
design
or
adjust
something
so
that
it
suits
a
particular
purpose
,
situation
,
or
group
•
The
new
math
course
is
geared
toward
beginners
.
The
new
math
course
is
geared
toward
beginners
.
•
They
geared
the
advertising
campaign
to
young
voters
.
They
geared
the
advertising
campaign
to
young
voters
.
extended
verb
use
from
noun
in
19th
century
,
originally
"
gear
up
"
in
rail
and
factory
contexts
then
shortened
sidebar
noun
a
narrow
column
or
box
of
extra
information
placed
beside
the
main
story
on
a
printed
page
or
computer
screen
•
The
magazine
designer
added
a
colorful
sidebar
with
quick
facts
next
to
the
main
article
.
The
magazine
designer
added
a
colorful
sidebar
with
quick
facts
next
to
the
main
article
.
•
On
the
website
,
the
navigation
menu
sits
in
a
sidebar
on
the
left
.
On
the
website
,
the
navigation
menu
sits
in
a
sidebar
on
the
left
.
Formed
from
side
+
bar
in
the
20th
century
to
describe
text
set
off
at
the
side
of
a
page
,
later
applied
to
computer
interfaces
.
noun
an
informal
digression
or
brief
departure
from
the
main
topic
in
conversation
or
writing
•
Before
answering
the
question
,
the
lecturer
went
on
a
quick
sidebar
about
his
childhood
.
Before
answering
the
question
,
the
lecturer
went
on
a
quick
sidebar
about
his
childhood
.
•
Let
me
take
a
short
sidebar
to
explain
this
term
.
Let
me
take
a
short
sidebar
to
explain
this
term
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
the
printing
term
,
suggesting
a
comment
that
sits
to
the
side
of
the
main
discussion
.
noun
a
private
discussion
at
the
judge
’
s
bench
between
the
judge
and
lawyers
,
held
so
the
jury
cannot
hear
•
During
the
trial
,
the
attorney
requested
a
sidebar
with
the
judge
.
During
the
trial
,
the
attorney
requested
a
sidebar
with
the
judge
.
•
The
jury
waited
patiently
while
a
brief
sidebar
took
place
at
the
bench
.
The
jury
waited
patiently
while
a
brief
sidebar
took
place
at
the
bench
.
Extension
of
earlier
printing
sense
;
adopted
by
American
legal
community
in
the
mid-20th
century
to
describe
bench-side
conferences
.
guitar
noun
a
musical
instrument
with
six
strings
that
you
play
by
plucking
or
strumming
•
Maria
practiced
her
guitar
every
evening
until
the
song
sounded
perfect
.
Maria
practiced
her
guitar
every
evening
until
the
song
sounded
perfect
.
•
The
street
musician
strummed
his
old
guitar
and
sang
a
lively
tune
.
The
street
musician
strummed
his
old
guitar
and
sang
a
lively
tune
.
Borrowed
in
the
17th
century
from
Spanish
guitarra
,
which
came
via
Arabic
qītāra
from
Ancient
Greek
kithara
,
a
stringed
musical
instrument
.
scholarship
noun
money
given
to
a
student
to
help
pay
for
education
,
usually
because
of
good
grades
,
special
talent
,
or
financial
need
•
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
•
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
From
Middle
English
scolarshippe
,
formed
from
scholar
+
-ship
,
originally
meaning
the
status
or
position
of
being
a
scholar
;
later
also
the
financial
award
.
noun
-
scholarship
serious
study
and
deep
knowledge
about
a
subject
,
especially
as
shown
in
academic
research
and
writing
•
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
•
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
Developed
from
the
original
sense
of
“
state
of
being
a
scholar
”
to
refer
more
broadly
to
the
learning
and
research
produced
by
scholars
.