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art
noun
-
art
creative
activities
such
as
painting
,
music
,
literature
,
or
theater
that
people
produce
to
express
ideas
or
feelings
β’
The
museum's
new
exhibit
celebrates
modern
art
.
The
museum's
new
exhibit
celebrates
modern
art
.
β’
Street
art
has
turned
the
gray
alley
into
a
colorful
outdoor
gallery
.
Street
art
has
turned
the
gray
alley
into
a
colorful
outdoor
gallery
.
From
Old
French
β
art
β,
from
Latin
β
ars
β
meaning
β
skill
,
craft
β.
article
noun
a
piece
of
writing
published
in
a
newspaper
,
magazine
,
journal
,
or
on
a
website
β’
I
read
an
interesting
article
about
coral
reefs
this
morning
.
I
read
an
interesting
article
about
coral
reefs
this
morning
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
us
to
write
a
news
article
for
the
school
paper
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
write
a
news
article
for
the
school
paper
.
From
Latin
articulus
β
joint
,
part
,
small
member
,
section
,
clause
β,
later
β
a
clause
in
writing
β,
borrowed
into
Old
French
and
then
Middle
English
.
noun
in
grammar
,
a
small
word
like
β
a
β, β
an
β,
or
β
the
β
that
comes
before
a
noun
β’
In
English
,
the
article
β
the
β
is
called
definite
.
In
English
,
the
article
β
the
β
is
called
definite
.
β’
Use
the
article
β
an
β
before
words
that
start
with
a
vowel
sound
.
Use
the
article
β
an
β
before
words
that
start
with
a
vowel
sound
.
Specialized
grammatical
sense
recorded
since
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
a
single
object
or
item
,
especially
one
of
a
particular
type
in
a
group
β’
Each
article
of
clothing
must
be
labeled
with
your
name
.
Each
article
of
clothing
must
be
labeled
with
your
name
.
β’
The
shop
sells
handmade
articles
carved
from
olive
wood
.
The
shop
sells
handmade
articles
carved
from
olive
wood
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
a
small
part
or
section
to
mean
any
individual
item
within
a
set
.
verb
-
article
,
articling
,
articles
,
articled
to
bind
or
train
someone
,
especially
a
law
student
,
by
a
formal
written
contract
of
apprenticeship
β’
He
articled
with
a
top
law
firm
after
finishing
university
.
He
articled
with
a
top
law
firm
after
finishing
university
.
β’
She
is
articling
at
a
firm
in
Toronto
this
year
.
She
is
articling
at
a
firm
in
Toronto
this
year
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
sense
of
β
articles
β
meaning
written
terms
of
agreement
.
artist
noun
a
person
who
creates
visual
works
such
as
paintings
,
drawings
,
or
sculptures
β’
The
young
artist
spent
the
afternoon
painting
a
bright
mural
on
the
playground
wall
.
The
young
artist
spent
the
afternoon
painting
a
bright
mural
on
the
playground
wall
.
β’
Visitors
applauded
when
the
artist
revealed
a
marble
statue
she
had
carved
by
hand
.
Visitors
applauded
when
the
artist
revealed
a
marble
statue
she
had
carved
by
hand
.
From
French
"
artiste
",
from
Latin
"
ars
"
meaning
"
art
".
noun
a
person
who
performs
creative
arts
such
as
music
,
dance
,
or
acting
β’
The
pop
artist
released
a
new
song
that
topped
the
charts
in
a
day
.
The
pop
artist
released
a
new
song
that
topped
the
charts
in
a
day
.
β’
A
skilled
ballet
artist
leaped
gracefully
across
the
stage
during
the
performance
.
A
skilled
ballet
artist
leaped
gracefully
across
the
stage
during
the
performance
.
Extended
from
earlier
sense
of
one
who
makes
art
to
include
those
who
perform
it
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
person
who
is
exceptionally
skilful
at
a
particular
activity
,
even
if
it
is
not
traditionally
considered
art
β’
With
a
single
speech
,
the
politician
proved
he
was
an
artist
with
words
.
With
a
single
speech
,
the
politician
proved
he
was
an
artist
with
words
.
β’
The
pastry
chef
was
an
artist
when
it
came
to
sculpting
delicate
sugar
flowers
.
The
pastry
chef
was
an
artist
when
it
came
to
sculpting
delicate
sugar
flowers
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
the
19th
century
,
transferring
the
notion
of
creative
mastery
to
any
field
.
part
noun
one
piece
of
something
larger
,
which
together
with
other
pieces
makes
the
whole
β’
She
ate
the
biggest
part
of
the
cake
herself
.
She
ate
the
biggest
part
of
the
cake
herself
.
β’
I
read
the
first
part
of
the
book
on
the
train
.
I
read
the
first
part
of
the
book
on
the
train
.
noun
a
piece
or
section
of
something
larger
that
can
be
considered
on
its
own
β’
She
ate
only
a
small
part
of
the
cake
and
kept
the
rest
for
later
.
She
ate
only
a
small
part
of
the
cake
and
kept
the
rest
for
later
.
β’
The
engine
broke
because
one
tiny
part
was
missing
.
The
engine
broke
because
one
tiny
part
was
missing
.
From
Old
French
partie
,
from
Latin
pars
β
piece
,
portion
β.
noun
the
role
or
character
that
an
actor
plays
in
a
play
,
film
,
or
show
β’
She
got
the
leading
part
in
the
school
play
.
She
got
the
leading
part
in
the
school
play
.
β’
Tom
rehearsed
his
part
every
evening
.
Tom
rehearsed
his
part
every
evening
.
noun
the
role
played
by
an
actor
or
musician
in
a
performance
β’
He
won
the
part
of
Hamlet
in
the
school
play
.
He
won
the
part
of
Hamlet
in
the
school
play
.
β’
The
violin
part
is
especially
difficult
in
this
concerto
.
The
violin
part
is
especially
difficult
in
this
concerto
.
noun
a
particular
area
or
region
of
a
place
β’
This
part
of
town
is
famous
for
its
street
art
.
This
part
of
town
is
famous
for
its
street
art
.
β’
We
spent
most
of
our
vacation
in
the
northern
part
of
the
island
.
We
spent
most
of
our
vacation
in
the
northern
part
of
the
island
.
verb
-
part
,
parting
,
parts
,
parted
to
separate
or
cause
to
separate
,
or
to
move
away
from
someone
or
something
β’
The
crowd
parted
to
let
the
ambulance
through
.
The
crowd
parted
to
let
the
ambulance
through
.
β’
She
parted
her
hair
in
the
middle
.
She
parted
her
hair
in
the
middle
.
noun
a
component
that
can
be
removed
and
replaced
in
a
machine
,
device
,
or
system
β’
The
technician
ordered
a
new
part
to
fix
the
washing
machine
.
The
technician
ordered
a
new
part
to
fix
the
washing
machine
.
β’
Spare
parts
are
stored
in
the
warehouse
for
quick
repairs
.
Spare
parts
are
stored
in
the
warehouse
for
quick
repairs
.
verb
to
separate
or
cause
something
to
separate
;
to
leave
each
other
β’
The
crowd
parted
to
let
the
ambulance
through
.
The
crowd
parted
to
let
the
ambulance
through
.
β’
After
the
meeting
,
the
colleagues
parted
with
friendly
hugs
.
After
the
meeting
,
the
colleagues
parted
with
friendly
hugs
.
Old
English
partian
β
to
share
,
divide
β,
from
Latin
pars
β
piece
,
portion
β.
far
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
to
or
at
a
great
distance
in
space
β’
Far
down
the
road
,
a
small
farmhouse
stood
alone
among
the
fields
.
Far
down
the
road
,
a
small
farmhouse
stood
alone
among
the
fields
.
β’
The
island
is
far
from
the
mainland
,
so
we
took
a
long
ferry
ride
.
The
island
is
far
from
the
mainland
,
so
we
took
a
long
ferry
ride
.
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
at
or
to
a
great
distance
in
space
β’
The
village
is
far
away
across
the
mountains
.
The
village
is
far
away
across
the
mountains
.
β’
Don't
go
too
far
into
the
forest
after
dark
.
Don't
go
too
far
into
the
forest
after
dark
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
distant
in
space
;
located
at
a
great
distance
β’
We
could
see
the
lights
of
a
far
city
on
the
horizon
.
We
could
see
the
lights
of
a
far
city
on
the
horizon
.
β’
He
traveled
to
a
far
country
to
study
.
He
traveled
to
a
far
country
to
study
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
distant
in
space
;
located
a
long
way
away
β’
They
dreamed
of
visiting
a
far
country
.
They
dreamed
of
visiting
a
far
country
.
β’
She
could
see
a
far
island
on
the
horizon
.
She
could
see
a
far
island
on
the
horizon
.
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
at
,
to
,
or
across
a
great
distance
in
space
β’
β
How
far
is
the
nearest
train
station
from
here
?β
β
How
far
is
the
nearest
train
station
from
here
?β
β’
The
mountain
lodge
is
far
above
the
clouds
.
The
mountain
lodge
is
far
above
the
clouds
.
Old
English
feor
,
feorr
,
related
to
German
fern
,
meaning
β
distant
.β
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
very
much
;
to
a
great
degree
or
extent
β’
This
plan
is
far
better
than
the
old
one
.
This
plan
is
far
better
than
the
old
one
.
β’
Her
answer
was
far
from
correct
.
Her
answer
was
far
from
correct
.
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
by
a
great
amount
or
degree
;
very
much
β’
He
is
far
better
at
chess
than
I
am
.
He
is
far
better
at
chess
than
I
am
.
β’
This
year's
harvest
is
far
worse
than
last
year's
.
This
year's
harvest
is
far
worse
than
last
year's
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
happening
or
existing
a
long
time
in
the
past
or
future
β’
Scientists
hope
to
find
life
on
other
planets
in
the
far
future
.
Scientists
hope
to
find
life
on
other
planets
in
the
far
future
.
β’
Stories
from
the
far
past
tell
of
ancient
heroes
.
Stories
from
the
far
past
tell
of
ancient
heroes
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
extreme
in
position
or
opinion
,
especially
politically
β’
Some
people
hold
far
right
views
about
immigration
.
Some
people
hold
far
right
views
about
immigration
.
β’
The
party
moved
to
the
far
left
after
the
election
.
The
party
moved
to
the
far
left
after
the
election
.
start
verb
to
begin
doing
something
,
or
for
something
to
begin
β’
Classes
start
at
nine
o
β
clock
every
morning
.
Classes
start
at
nine
o
β
clock
every
morning
.
β’
He
wants
to
start
learning
the
guitar
this
summer
.
He
wants
to
start
learning
the
guitar
this
summer
.
Old
English
β
steartian
β
meaning
β
to
leap
up
,
begin
to
move
β.
noun
the
beginning
of
an
activity
,
event
,
or
period
of
time
β’
From
the
start
,
everyone
knew
the
project
would
be
difficult
.
From
the
start
,
everyone
knew
the
project
would
be
difficult
.
β’
They
got
off
to
a
slow
start
but
soon
gained
speed
.
They
got
off
to
a
slow
start
but
soon
gained
speed
.
verb
to
begin
to
happen
or
to
begin
doing
something
β’
Classes
start
at
nine
o'clock
every
morning
.
Classes
start
at
nine
o'clock
every
morning
.
β’
They
decided
to
start
a
small
business
selling
cupcakes
.
They
decided
to
start
a
small
business
selling
cupcakes
.
Old
English
β
steartian
β
meaning
β
to
leap
up
β
developed
into
the
modern
sense
of
β
begin
β.
noun
the
moment
or
place
when
something
begins
β’
From
the
start
,
we
knew
the
project
would
be
challenging
.
From
the
start
,
we
knew
the
project
would
be
challenging
.
β’
The
runners
lined
up
at
the
start
of
the
race
.
The
runners
lined
up
at
the
start
of
the
race
.
verb
to
make
a
machine
,
vehicle
,
or
device
begin
working
β’
Press
the
green
button
to
start
the
printer
.
Press
the
green
button
to
start
the
printer
.
β’
It
took
several
tries
to
start
the
old
truck
on
the
cold
morning
.
It
took
several
tries
to
start
the
old
truck
on
the
cold
morning
.
verb
to
make
a
machine
or
vehicle
begin
working
,
or
to
begin
working
β’
Press
this
button
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
Press
this
button
to
start
the
washing
machine
.
β’
My
car
won't
start
on
cold
mornings
.
My
car
won't
start
on
cold
mornings
.
verb
to
move
suddenly
because
of
surprise
or
fear
β’
She
started
when
the
cat
jumped
onto
the
table
.
She
started
when
the
cat
jumped
onto
the
table
.
β’
The
sudden
bang
made
the
baby
start
in
his
sleep
.
The
sudden
bang
made
the
baby
start
in
his
sleep
.
noun
a
sudden
jump
or
movement
caused
by
surprise
or
fear
β’
With
a
start
,
he
realized
he
had
missed
the
last
train
.
With
a
start
,
he
realized
he
had
missed
the
last
train
.
β’
The
loud
thunder
gave
her
a
start
.
The
loud
thunder
gave
her
a
start
.
noun
a
sudden
quick
movement
made
because
of
surprise
or
fear
β’
She
woke
with
a
start
when
the
alarm
rang
.
She
woke
with
a
start
when
the
alarm
rang
.
β’
The
loud
bang
made
him
jump
with
a
start
.
The
loud
bang
made
him
jump
with
a
start
.
party
noun
-
party
,
parties
a
social
gathering
of
people
invited
together
for
fun
,
often
with
music
,
food
,
and
drink
.
β’
After
the
exams
,
Emma
threw
a
huge
party
for
her
friends
in
her
backyard
.
After
the
exams
,
Emma
threw
a
huge
party
for
her
friends
in
her
backyard
.
β’
Everyone
brought
their
favorite
dish
to
the
neighborhood
block
party
.
Everyone
brought
their
favorite
dish
to
the
neighborhood
block
party
.
From
Old
French
β
partie
β
meaning
β
group
of
people
β,
later
evolving
in
English
to
mean
a
gathering
for
social
enjoyment
.
noun
-
party
,
parties
an
organized
group
of
people
with
shared
political
ideas
that
tries
to
gain
or
keep
power
through
elections
.
β’
She
joined
the
Green
Party
because
of
its
environmental
policies
.
She
joined
the
Green
Party
because
of
its
environmental
policies
.
β’
The
ruling
party
lost
several
seats
in
the
recent
election
.
The
ruling
party
lost
several
seats
in
the
recent
election
.
Political
sense
developed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
the
idea
of
a
β
side
β
or
β
faction
β
in
disputes
.
noun
-
party
,
parties
a
group
of
people
who
do
something
together
,
especially
traveling
or
working
as
a
unit
.
β’
A
rescue
party
set
out
at
dawn
to
search
for
the
missing
hikers
.
A
rescue
party
set
out
at
dawn
to
search
for
the
missing
hikers
.
β’
Our
tour
party
will
meet
the
guide
in
the
hotel
lobby
at
8
a
.
m
.
Our
tour
party
will
meet
the
guide
in
the
hotel
lobby
at
8
a
.
m
.
From
Middle
English
meaning
β
division
β
or
β
side
β,
later
applied
to
groups
acting
together
.
verb
-
party
,
partying
,
parties
,
partied
to
enjoy
oneself
socially
with
music
,
food
,
drink
,
or
dancing
,
especially
late
at
night
.
β’
They
partied
all
night
after
the
big
win
.
They
partied
all
night
after
the
big
win
.
β’
On
vacation
we
plan
to
party
until
the
sun
comes
up
.
On
vacation
we
plan
to
party
until
the
sun
comes
up
.
Verb
use
emerged
in
the
20th
century
from
the
noun
meaning
β
social
event
β.
noun
-
party
,
parties
one
of
the
people
or
groups
involved
in
a
legal
case
,
contract
,
or
formal
agreement
.
β’
The
contract
requires
each
party
to
keep
the
information
confidential
.
The
contract
requires
each
party
to
keep
the
information
confidential
.
β’
If
either
party
breaks
the
agreement
,
the
case
will
go
to
court
.
If
either
party
breaks
the
agreement
,
the
case
will
go
to
court
.
Legal
use
stems
from
the
15th-century
sense
of
β
side
in
a
dispute
β.
heart
noun
the
organ
in
your
chest
that
pumps
blood
around
your
body
β’
The
doctor
β
s
stethoscope
let
her
listen
to
the
boy
β
s
heart
beating
quickly
after
the
race
.
The
doctor
β
s
stethoscope
let
her
listen
to
the
boy
β
s
heart
beating
quickly
after
the
race
.
β’
Eating
too
much
junk
food
can
be
bad
for
your
heart
.
Eating
too
much
junk
food
can
be
bad
for
your
heart
.
department
noun
a
part
of
a
large
organization
such
as
a
company
,
university
,
or
hospital
that
deals
with
one
particular
kind
of
work
or
subject
β’
Emma
applied
for
a
job
in
the
marketing
department
.
Emma
applied
for
a
job
in
the
marketing
department
.
β’
The
physics
department
organized
a
weekly
seminar
for
graduate
students
.
The
physics
department
organized
a
weekly
seminar
for
graduate
students
.
Borrowed
from
Middle
French
departement
,
from
Old
French
departir
β
to
divide
.β
noun
a
branch
of
national
,
state
,
or
local
government
that
is
responsible
for
a
particular
area
of
public
policy
β’
The
Department
of
Education
announced
new
guidelines
today
.
The
Department
of
Education
announced
new
guidelines
today
.
β’
Funding
for
the
health
department
was
increased
by
the
city
council
.
Funding
for
the
health
department
was
increased
by
the
city
council
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
later
specialized
to
government
usage
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
informal
:
a
particular
area
of
life
,
skill
,
or
quality
used
when
comparing
people
or
things
β’
When
it
comes
to
the
patience
department
,
my
brother
is
lacking
.
When
it
comes
to
the
patience
department
,
my
brother
is
lacking
.
β’
Liz
is
doing
great
in
the
creativity
department
.
Liz
is
doing
great
in
the
creativity
department
.
Figurative
extension
from
the
literal
sense
of
an
organizational
division
,
first
recorded
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
.
Article
noun
a
numbered
section
or
clause
in
a
formal
document
such
as
a
constitution
,
treaty
,
or
contract
β’
According
to
Article
12
,
everyone
has
the
right
to
education
.
According
to
Article
12
,
everyone
has
the
right
to
education
.
β’
The
contract
β
s
Article
5
explains
payment
terms
.
The
contract
β
s
Article
5
explains
payment
terms
.
Sense
developed
in
legal
Latin
to
mean
an
individual
clause
of
a
document
.
particularly
adverb
to
a
greater
degree
than
usual
or
than
others
;
especially
β’
The
soup
was
particularly
tasty
on
that
cold
winter
evening
.
The
soup
was
particularly
tasty
on
that
cold
winter
evening
.
β’
My
little
brother
is
particularly
afraid
of
the
dark
.
My
little
brother
is
particularly
afraid
of
the
dark
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
β
particular
β
+
suffix
β
-ly
,β
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
14th
century
.
adverb
used
to
single
out
one
person
,
thing
,
or
detail
from
a
larger
group
;
specifically
β’
He
enjoys
many
sports
,
particularly
basketball
.
He
enjoys
many
sports
,
particularly
basketball
.
β’
The
festival
attracts
tourists
from
many
countries
,
particularly
Japan
.
The
festival
attracts
tourists
from
many
countries
,
particularly
Japan
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
: β
particular
β
+
β
-ly
.β
The
narrowing-down
meaning
developed
from
the
adjective
β
s
sense
of
referring
to
one
specific
item
.
earth
noun
-
earth
the
brown
soil
that
forms
the
top
layer
of
ground
β’
The
dog
dug
a
hole
and
sprayed
loose
earth
everywhere
.
The
dog
dug
a
hole
and
sprayed
loose
earth
everywhere
.
β’
She
filled
the
flowerpot
with
rich
black
earth
before
planting
the
seeds
.
She
filled
the
flowerpot
with
rich
black
earth
before
planting
the
seeds
.
Old
English
β
eorΓΎe
β
meaning
β
ground
,
soil
,
dry
land
β.
noun
an
electrical
connection
that
carries
unwanted
current
safely
into
the
ground
β’
Always
attach
the
greenβyellow
wire
to
the
earth
terminal
.
Always
attach
the
greenβyellow
wire
to
the
earth
terminal
.
β’
A
faulty
earth
can
make
an
appliance
dangerous
.
A
faulty
earth
can
make
an
appliance
dangerous
.
Named
because
the
current
is
directed
literally
into
the
earth
.
verb
to
connect
a
piece
of
electrical
equipment
to
the
ground
for
safety
β’
The
engineer
earthed
the
metal
casing
to
prevent
shocks
.
The
engineer
earthed
the
metal
casing
to
prevent
shocks
.
β’
You
must
earth
the
washing
machine
according
to
the
instructions
.
You
must
earth
the
washing
machine
according
to
the
instructions
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
β
earth
β
in
electrical
sense
around
the
1880s
.
verb
to
cover
the
bottom
part
of
a
plant
with
soil
to
protect
or
support
it
β’
In
spring
,
gardeners
earth
their
potatoes
to
protect
the
shoots
from
frost
.
In
spring
,
gardeners
earth
their
potatoes
to
protect
the
shoots
from
frost
.
β’
She
carefully
earthed
the
young
saplings
so
the
roots
stayed
moist
.
She
carefully
earthed
the
young
saplings
so
the
roots
stayed
moist
.
Agricultural
sense
recorded
from
the
17th
century
,
from
using
soil
(
earth
)
to
mound
around
crops
.
Earth
noun
-
Earth
the
planet
we
live
on
,
the
third
planet
from
the
Sun
β’
Astronauts
can
see
the
blue
oceans
of
Earth
from
space
.
Astronauts
can
see
the
blue
oceans
of
Earth
from
space
.
β’
Climate
change
affects
every
person
on
Earth
.
Climate
change
affects
every
person
on
Earth
.
Same
root
as
soil
sense
;
capitalized
to
name
the
planet
since
the
14th
century
.
partner
noun
a
person
who
joins
you
in
an
activity
such
as
a
game
,
dance
,
or
project
β’
Lena
chose
her
best
friend
as
her
science-fair
partner
.
Lena
chose
her
best
friend
as
her
science-fair
partner
.
β’
During
the
square
dance
,
each
dancer
bowed
to
their
partner
.
During
the
square
dance
,
each
dancer
bowed
to
their
partner
.
noun
a
person
you
are
married
to
or
have
a
long-term
romantic
relationship
with
β’
At
the
family
picnic
,
Emma
proudly
called
Liam
her
partner
when
she
introduced
him
to
her
grandparents
.
At
the
family
picnic
,
Emma
proudly
called
Liam
her
partner
when
she
introduced
him
to
her
grandparents
.
β’
When
booking
the
hotel
room
,
Zoe
asked
for
a
double
bed
because
she
and
her
partner
prefer
to
sleep
close
together
.
When
booking
the
hotel
room
,
Zoe
asked
for
a
double
bed
because
she
and
her
partner
prefer
to
sleep
close
together
.
verb
-
partner
,
partnering
,
partners
,
partnered
to
join
with
another
person
or
group
to
do
something
together
β’
The
local
cafΓ©
partnered
with
a
bookstore
to
host
poetry
nights
.
The
local
cafΓ©
partnered
with
a
bookstore
to
host
poetry
nights
.
β’
Our
school
will
partner
with
a
charity
to
plant
trees
in
the
community
.
Our
school
will
partner
with
a
charity
to
plant
trees
in
the
community
.
noun
one
of
the
owners
who
shares
the
profits
and
responsibilities
of
a
business
or
professional
firm
β’
After
years
of
hard
work
,
Priya
finally
became
a
partner
at
the
law
firm
.
After
years
of
hard
work
,
Priya
finally
became
a
partner
at
the
law
firm
.
β’
Each
partner
invested
an
equal
amount
of
money
to
launch
the
tech
startup
.
Each
partner
invested
an
equal
amount
of
money
to
launch
the
tech
startup
.
particular
adjective
referring
to
one
specific
person
,
thing
,
or
situation
and
not
others
β’
Do
you
have
a
particular
book
in
mind
,
or
will
any
novel
do
?
Do
you
have
a
particular
book
in
mind
,
or
will
any
novel
do
?
β’
This
particular
painting
attracts
more
visitors
than
any
other
in
the
gallery
.
This
particular
painting
attracts
more
visitors
than
any
other
in
the
gallery
.
From
Late
Latin
particularis
β
relating
to
a
part
,β
from
Latin
particula
β
small
part
.β
adjective
referring
to
one
specific
person
,
thing
,
or
moment
and
not
any
other
β’
Do
you
have
any
particular
book
in
mind
?
Do
you
have
any
particular
book
in
mind
?
β’
She
saves
that
dress
for
particular
occasions
like
weddings
.
She
saves
that
dress
for
particular
occasions
like
weddings
.
adjective
greater
than
usual
;
special
or
extra
β’
She
took
particular
care
when
packing
the
fragile
dishes
.
She
took
particular
care
when
packing
the
fragile
dishes
.
β’
The
coach
expressed
particular
pride
in
the
team
β
s
teamwork
.
The
coach
expressed
particular
pride
in
the
team
β
s
teamwork
.
adjective
very
choosy
or
fussy
about
what
you
like
or
accept
β’
He
is
particular
about
the
way
his
shirts
are
ironed
.
He
is
particular
about
the
way
his
shirts
are
ironed
.
β’
Children
can
be
particular
eaters
,
refusing
vegetables
.
Children
can
be
particular
eaters
,
refusing
vegetables
.
noun
a
single
fact
or
detail
,
especially
one
of
several
that
make
up
a
fuller
account
β’
The
detective
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
The
detective
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
β’
Could
you
send
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
by
email
?
Could
you
send
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
by
email
?
adjective
especially
great
,
noticeable
,
or
special
compared
with
others
β’
This
issue
is
of
particular
importance
to
local
residents
.
This
issue
is
of
particular
importance
to
local
residents
.
β’
The
chef
takes
particular
pride
in
his
handmade
desserts
.
The
chef
takes
particular
pride
in
his
handmade
desserts
.
adjective
very
careful
about
details
and
hard
to
satisfy
;
choosy
β’
He
β
s
particular
about
how
his
coffee
is
brewed
.
He
β
s
particular
about
how
his
coffee
is
brewed
.
β’
My
mother
is
very
particular
about
cleanliness
.
My
mother
is
very
particular
about
cleanliness
.
noun
a
single
fact
or
detail
,
especially
one
item
in
a
list
of
information
β’
The
lawyer
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
The
lawyer
asked
for
every
particular
of
what
happened
that
night
.
β’
Before
we
sign
,
could
you
email
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
?
Before
we
sign
,
could
you
email
me
the
particulars
of
the
agreement
?
participant
noun
a
person
who
takes
part
in
an
activity
,
event
,
meeting
,
or
study
β’
Each
participant
in
the
marathon
received
a
medal
at
the
finish
line
.
Each
participant
in
the
marathon
received
a
medal
at
the
finish
line
.
β’
The
workshop
asked
every
participant
to
introduce
themselves
.
The
workshop
asked
every
participant
to
introduce
themselves
.
from
Latin
β
participare
β
meaning
β
to
share
in
β
adjective
taking
part
in
an
activity
or
process
rather
than
just
watching
it
β’
They
conducted
a
participant
observation
of
the
community
festival
.
They
conducted
a
participant
observation
of
the
community
festival
.
β’
A
participant
democracy
encourages
citizens
to
engage
directly
in
decisions
.
A
participant
democracy
encourages
citizens
to
engage
directly
in
decisions
.
extension
of
the
noun
sense
,
used
before
1800
to
describe
active
involvement
apartment
noun
a
set
of
rooms
,
usually
on
one
floor
of
a
larger
building
,
where
a
person
or
family
lives
.
β’
After
college
,
Mia
rented
her
first
apartment
in
the
city
center
.
After
college
,
Mia
rented
her
first
apartment
in
the
city
center
.
β’
The
smell
of
fresh
coffee
drifted
through
the
apartment
on
Sunday
morning
.
The
smell
of
fresh
coffee
drifted
through
the
apartment
on
Sunday
morning
.
Borrowed
into
American
English
in
the
17th
century
from
French
"
appartement
",
itself
from
Italian
"
appartamento
",
related
to
"
appartare
" (
to
separate
),
originally
describing
separate
sets
of
rooms
.
noun
a
grand
or
special
set
of
rooms
for
an
important
person
in
a
palace
,
large
house
,
or
hotel
.
β’
The
king
withdrew
to
his
private
apartment
after
the
ceremony
.
The
king
withdrew
to
his
private
apartment
after
the
ceremony
.
β’
Visitors
can
tour
the
royal
apartments
at
the
castle
.
Visitors
can
tour
the
royal
apartments
at
the
castle
.
Same
origin
as
the
modern
meaning
β
derived
from
French
"
appartement
"β
but
historically
referred
to
separate
suites
of
rooms
in
palaces
.
smart
adjective
-
smart
,
smarter
,
smartest
able
to
think
,
learn
,
or
act
quickly
and
cleverly
β’
My
sister
is
very
smart
;
she
solved
the
puzzle
in
minutes
.
My
sister
is
very
smart
;
she
solved
the
puzzle
in
minutes
.
β’
The
smart
student
built
a
small
robot
for
the
science
fair
.
The
smart
student
built
a
small
robot
for
the
science
fair
.
adjective
-
smart
,
smarter
,
smartest
looking
neat
,
tidy
,
and
stylish
in
appearance
β’
He
wore
a
smart
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
He
wore
a
smart
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
β’
Put
on
something
smart
;
we're
going
to
a
fancy
restaurant
.
Put
on
something
smart
;
we're
going
to
a
fancy
restaurant
.
verb
to
feel
a
sudden
sharp
stinging
pain
β’
Her
knees
smarted
after
she
slipped
on
the
gravel
.
Her
knees
smarted
after
she
slipped
on
the
gravel
.
β’
The
cut
on
his
finger
still
smarts
when
he
touches
hot
water
.
The
cut
on
his
finger
still
smarts
when
he
touches
hot
water
.
smarts
noun
practical
intelligence
and
quick
thinking
ability
β’
It
takes
both
strength
and
smarts
to
win
the
game
show
.
It
takes
both
strength
and
smarts
to
win
the
game
show
.
β’
She
used
her
street
smarts
to
navigate
the
big
city
safely
.
She
used
her
street
smarts
to
navigate
the
big
city
safely
.
quarter
noun
one
of
four
equal
parts
of
something
β’
Lena
ate
a
quarter
of
the
chocolate
bar
and
saved
the
rest
for
later
.
Lena
ate
a
quarter
of
the
chocolate
bar
and
saved
the
rest
for
later
.
β’
The
recipe
says
to
use
only
a
quarter
of
a
cup
of
sugar
.
The
recipe
says
to
use
only
a
quarter
of
a
cup
of
sugar
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
quartier
,
from
Latin
quartarius
,
from
quartus
β
fourth
β.
noun
a
period
of
three
months
,
especially
in
business
,
school
,
or
the
calendar
year
β’
Sales
rose
sharply
in
the
first
quarter
of
the
year
.
Sales
rose
sharply
in
the
first
quarter
of
the
year
.
β’
Our
company
releases
earnings
reports
every
quarter
.
Our
company
releases
earnings
reports
every
quarter
.
noun
a
period
of
fifteen
minutes
,
especially
when
telling
time
β’
It
β
s
a
quarter
past
eight
,
so
the
movie
has
already
started
.
It
β
s
a
quarter
past
eight
,
so
the
movie
has
already
started
.
β’
The
bus
leaves
at
a
quarter
to
seven
every
morning
.
The
bus
leaves
at
a
quarter
to
seven
every
morning
.
noun
a
U
.
S
.
coin
worth
twenty-five
cents
β’
I
need
a
quarter
for
the
parking
meter
.
I
need
a
quarter
for
the
parking
meter
.
β’
The
vending
machine
only
accepts
dollar
bills
and
quarters
.
The
vending
machine
only
accepts
dollar
bills
and
quarters
.
noun
rooms
or
buildings
where
people
live
,
especially
soldiers
or
workers
,
usually
used
in
plural
as
β
quarters
β
β’
The
new
recruits
were
shown
to
their
living
quarters
.
The
new
recruits
were
shown
to
their
living
quarters
.
β’
Crew
quarters
on
the
ship
were
cramped
but
clean
.
Crew
quarters
on
the
ship
were
cramped
but
clean
.
noun
a
district
or
neighborhood
within
a
town
or
city
,
often
with
a
particular
character
β’
They
explored
the
old
artists
β
quarter
after
lunch
.
They
explored
the
old
artists
β
quarter
after
lunch
.
β’
Paris
β
s
Latin
Quarter
is
famous
for
its
bookstores
and
cafΓ©s
.
Paris
β
s
Latin
Quarter
is
famous
for
its
bookstores
and
cafΓ©s
.
verb
to
divide
something
into
four
equal
parts
β’
First
,
quarter
the
potatoes
before
boiling
them
.
First
,
quarter
the
potatoes
before
boiling
them
.
β’
The
carpenter
quartered
the
beam
to
fit
the
frame
.
The
carpenter
quartered
the
beam
to
fit
the
frame
.
verb
to
provide
someone
with
a
place
to
live
or
stay
β’
The
villagers
agreed
to
quarter
the
soldiers
for
one
night
.
The
villagers
agreed
to
quarter
the
soldiers
for
one
night
.
β’
During
the
tournament
,
families
in
town
quartered
visiting
players
.
During
the
tournament
,
families
in
town
quartered
visiting
players
.
noun
mercy
or
humane
treatment
given
to
a
defeated
enemy
(
used
mainly
in
the
phrase
β
give
no
quarter
β)
β’
The
pirate
captain
promised
quarter
to
all
who
surrendered
.
The
pirate
captain
promised
quarter
to
all
who
surrendered
.
β’
During
the
brutal
battle
,
no
quarter
was
given
.
During
the
brutal
battle
,
no
quarter
was
given
.
participate
verb
-
participate
,
participating
,
participates
,
participated
to
take
part
in
an
activity
,
event
,
or
situation
with
other
people
β’
All
the
students
agreed
to
participate
in
the
science
fair
.
All
the
students
agreed
to
participate
in
the
science
fair
.
β’
If
you
want
to
participate
,
please
sign
up
before
Friday
.
If
you
want
to
participate
,
please
sign
up
before
Friday
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
participat-
β
shared
in
β,
from
participare
β
share
in
β,
from
pars
,
part-
β
part
β
+
capere
β
take
β.
verb
-
participate
,
participating
,
participates
,
participated
to
share
in
or
possess
a
part
of
a
quality
,
characteristic
,
or
element
β’
The
novel
participates
in
both
comedy
and
tragedy
.
The
novel
participates
in
both
comedy
and
tragedy
.
β’
Her
speech
participated
in
the
optimism
of
the
era
.
Her
speech
participated
in
the
optimism
of
the
era
.
Same
origin
as
the
common
sense
:
from
Latin
participare
β
share
in
β,
emphasizing
the
idea
of
possessing
a
portion
of
something
.
apart
adverb
with
a
space
,
distance
,
or
stretch
of
time
between
two
or
more
people
or
things
β’
The
two
chairs
were
placed
three
meters
apart
.
The
two
chairs
were
placed
three
meters
apart
.
β’
Their
birthdays
are
only
two
days
apart
.
Their
birthdays
are
only
two
days
apart
.
adverb
into
separate
pieces
or
parts
β’
She
accidentally
pulled
the
necklace
apart
.
She
accidentally
pulled
the
necklace
apart
.
β’
The
old
book
fell
apart
in
my
hands
.
The
old
book
fell
apart
in
my
hands
.
adverb
separated
in
relationship
,
unity
,
or
condition
;
no
longer
together
or
united
β’
After
college
,
they
slowly
drifted
apart
.
After
college
,
they
slowly
drifted
apart
.
β’
Over
the
years
,
their
interests
pulled
them
apart
.
Over
the
years
,
their
interests
pulled
them
apart
.
participation
noun
-
participation
the
action
of
being
actively
involved
in
an
activity
,
event
,
or
group
β’
Student
participation
in
class
discussions
makes
the
lessons
more
lively
.
Student
participation
in
class
discussions
makes
the
lessons
more
lively
.
β’
The
marathon
relies
on
the
active
participation
of
hundreds
of
volunteers
.
The
marathon
relies
on
the
active
participation
of
hundreds
of
volunteers
.
From
Latin
participatio
β
a
sharing
in
β,
from
participare
β
to
take
part
β.
noun
a
share
in
a
loan
or
investment
sold
by
the
original
lender
or
owner
,
giving
the
buyer
rights
to
a
proportionate
return
β’
The
bank
sold
a
participation
in
the
large
commercial
loan
to
reduce
its
exposure
.
The
bank
sold
a
participation
in
the
large
commercial
loan
to
reduce
its
exposure
.
β’
Investors
can
buy
a
participation
for
as
little
as
$10
,
000
.
Investors
can
buy
a
participation
for
as
little
as
$10
,
000
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
taking
part
,
applied
in
early
20th-century
finance
to
mean
a
shared
portion
of
a
loan
.
chart
noun
a
drawing
,
table
,
or
diagram
that
arranges
numbers
or
facts
so
they
are
easy
to
understand
β’
The
chart
shows
our
sales
growth
over
the
past
year
.
The
chart
shows
our
sales
growth
over
the
past
year
.
β’
Students
looked
at
a
pie chart
to
see
how
the
budget
was
divided
.
Students
looked
at
a
pie chart
to
see
how
the
budget
was
divided
.
From
Middle
English
β
charte
β,
from
Latin
β
charta
β
meaning
a
sheet
of
papyrus
or
paper
.
noun
a
detailed
map
of
seas
,
rivers
,
or
skies
used
especially
by
sailors
or
pilots
β’
The
captain
spread
the
chart
on
the
table
to
plot
the
course
.
The
captain
spread
the
chart
on
the
table
to
plot
the
course
.
β’
Pilots
study
weather
charts
before
every
flight
.
Pilots
study
weather
charts
before
every
flight
.
Originally
referring
to
any
map
,
by
the
16th
century
it
became
specialized
for
navigation
at
sea
.
verb
to
record
,
map
,
or
plan
something
carefully
so
that
its
details
or
progress
can
be
followed
β’
Scientists
chart
the
migration
routes
of
whales
every
year
.
Scientists
chart
the
migration
routes
of
whales
every
year
.
β’
We
β
ve
charted
a
route
through
the
mountains
for
tomorrow
β
s
hike
.
We
β
ve
charted
a
route
through
the
mountains
for
tomorrow
β
s
hike
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
17th
century
meaning
β
to
make
a
map
β.
quarterback
noun
the
player
on
an
American
or
Canadian
football
team
who
leads
the
offense
,
calls
the
plays
,
and
usually
throws
the
ball
β’
The
quarterback
threw
a
perfect
pass
with
only
seconds
left
on
the
clock
.
The
quarterback
threw
a
perfect
pass
with
only
seconds
left
on
the
clock
.
β’
Each
quarterback
wears
a
special
headset
inside
his
helmet
to
hear
the
coach's
instructions
.
Each
quarterback
wears
a
special
headset
inside
his
helmet
to
hear
the
coach's
instructions
.
Formed
from
quarter
(
one
of
four
)
+
back
(
a
player
positioned
behind
the
line
);
first
used
in
rugby-style
football
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
to
act
as
the
quarterback
for
a
football
team
,
directing
plays
and
leading
the
offense
β’
Mariana
will
quarterback
for
the
school
team
this
season
.
Mariana
will
quarterback
for
the
school
team
this
season
.
β’
He
quarterbacked
the
squad
to
three
championships
in
a
row
.
He
quarterbacked
the
squad
to
three
championships
in
a
row
.
verb
to
lead
,
organize
,
or
direct
a
project
or
activity
,
like
a
quarterback
guiding
a
team
β’
Anna
was
chosen
to
quarterback
the
new
marketing
campaign
.
Anna
was
chosen
to
quarterback
the
new
marketing
campaign
.
β’
The
senior
engineer
quarterbacked
the
project
from
concept
to
launch
.
The
senior
engineer
quarterbacked
the
project
from
concept
to
launch
.
partnership
noun
the
state
of
working
together
with
someone
or
something
toward
a
shared
goal
β’
The
city
hopes
to
build
a
partnership
with
local
schools
to
improve
literacy
.
The
city
hopes
to
build
a
partnership
with
local
schools
to
improve
literacy
.
β’
Scientists
formed
an
international
partnership
to
study
climate
change
.
Scientists
formed
an
international
partnership
to
study
climate
change
.
noun
a
legal
business
arrangement
in
which
two
or
more
people
or
companies
jointly
own
and
manage
a
company
and
share
its
profits
and
losses
β’
After
years
of
freelancing
,
Jenna
and
Mark
formed
a
partnership
to
open
a
design
studio
.
After
years
of
freelancing
,
Jenna
and
Mark
formed
a
partnership
to
open
a
design
studio
.
β’
The
law
requires
all
partners
to
sign
an
agreement
before
starting
the
partnership
.
The
law
requires
all
partners
to
sign
an
agreement
before
starting
the
partnership
.
Early
16th
century
:
from
partner
+
-ship
,
originally
β
the
state
of
being
a
partner
β.
noun
in
cricket
,
a
period
during
which
two
batters
play
together
and
add
runs
to
the
team
β
s
total
β’
The
openers
built
a
solid
120-run
partnership
before
lunch
.
The
openers
built
a
solid
120-run
partnership
before
lunch
.
β’
His
dismissal
ended
the
crucial
seventh-wicket
partnership
.
His
dismissal
ended
the
crucial
seventh-wicket
partnership
.
particle
noun
a
very
small
piece
of
a
solid
or
liquid
material
β’
A
single
dust
particle
landed
on
the
camera
lens
,
making
the
photo
blurry
.
A
single
dust
particle
landed
on
the
camera
lens
,
making
the
photo
blurry
.
β’
Before
cooking
,
she
rinsed
the
rice
to
wash
away
tiny
particles
of
starch
.
Before
cooking
,
she
rinsed
the
rice
to
wash
away
tiny
particles
of
starch
.
From
Latin
particula
,
diminutive
of
pars
β
part
β,
meaning
β
small
part
β.
noun
an
extremely
small
unit
of
matter
such
as
an
electron
or
proton
studied
in
physics
β’
Scientists
use
powerful
accelerators
to
smash
particles
together
and
study
the
results
.
Scientists
use
powerful
accelerators
to
smash
particles
together
and
study
the
results
.
β’
An
electron
is
a
subatomic
particle
with
a
negative
charge
.
An
electron
is
a
subatomic
particle
with
a
negative
charge
.
noun
a
very
short
word
or
part
of
a
word
that
has
a
grammatical
function
but
little
meaning
of
its
own
,
like
β
to
β
in
β
to
go
β
β’
In
English
,
the
word
β
not
β
is
considered
a
negative
particle
.
In
English
,
the
word
β
not
β
is
considered
a
negative
particle
.
β’
The
infinitive
particle
β
to
β
disappears
in
sentences
like
β
I
saw
him
run
.β
The
infinitive
particle
β
to
β
disappears
in
sentences
like
β
I
saw
him
run
.β
headquarters
noun
the
main
office
or
building
from
which
the
leaders
of
a
company
,
organization
,
or
institution
plan
and
control
their
activities
β’
After
the
merger
,
the
company
moved
its
headquarters
to
a
shiny
new
skyscraper
in
downtown
Chicago
.
After
the
merger
,
the
company
moved
its
headquarters
to
a
shiny
new
skyscraper
in
downtown
Chicago
.
β’
Visitors
can
tour
NASA's
headquarters
in
Washington
,
D
.
C
.,
where
historic
spacecraft
models
line
the
lobby
.
Visitors
can
tour
NASA's
headquarters
in
Washington
,
D
.
C
.,
where
historic
spacecraft
models
line
the
lobby
.
From
head
(
chief
)
+
quarters
(
living
or
working
place
);
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
to
refer
to
the
place
where
authority
is
centered
.
noun
the
place
where
military
commanders
and
their
staff
direct
operations
β’
The
general
spread
a
map
across
the
table
inside
field
headquarters
before
giving
orders
.
The
general
spread
a
map
across
the
table
inside
field
headquarters
before
giving
orders
.
β’
Enemy
aircraft
were
sighted
only
a
few
miles
from
division
headquarters
.
Enemy
aircraft
were
sighted
only
a
few
miles
from
division
headquarters
.
Adopted
by
armies
in
the
17th
century
to
mean
the
location
where
a
commander
β
s
quarters
were
set
up
in
the
field
.
partly
adverb
not
completely
;
to
some
extent
or
in
part
β’
The
road
was
only
partly
covered
with
snow
,
so
driving
was
still
possible
.
The
road
was
only
partly
covered
with
snow
,
so
driving
was
still
possible
.
β’
He
was
partly
responsible
for
the
project's
success
.
He
was
partly
responsible
for
the
project's
success
.
Formed
from
the
adjective
β
part
β
with
the
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
,β
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
in
the
14th
century
,
meaning
β
in
part
.β
starting
verb
present
participle
of
start
β
to
begin
doing
something
or
to
begin
to
happen
β’
We
are
starting
our
journey
at
dawn
.
We
are
starting
our
journey
at
dawn
.
β’
The
movie
is
starting
in
five
minutes
,
so
hurry
!
The
movie
is
starting
in
five
minutes
,
so
hurry
!
From
Old
English
"
styrtan
" (
to
leap
up
,
start
).
The
sense
of
"
to
begin
"
developed
in
Middle
English
and
the
βing
form
has
been
used
since
the
late
14th
century
.
noun
the
act
or
moment
of
beginning
something
β’
Rain
delayed
the
starting
of
the
race
.
Rain
delayed
the
starting
of
the
race
.
β’
He
felt
nervous
at
the
starting
of
his
new
job
.
He
felt
nervous
at
the
starting
of
his
new
job
.
Gerund
form
of
the
verb
β
start
,β
used
as
a
noun
since
the
16th
century
.
adjective
existing
or
happening
at
the
beginning
of
something
β’
Your
starting
salary
will
go
up
after
six
months
.
Your
starting
salary
will
go
up
after
six
months
.
β’
We
met
at
the
starting
point
of
the
hiking
trail
.
We
met
at
the
starting
point
of
the
hiking
trail
.
Participial
adjective
from
the
verb
β
start
,β
used
attributively
since
the
early
17th
century
.