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as
conjunction
at
the
same
time
that
another
thing
happens
•
As
the
movie
ended
,
the
audience
stood
up
to
applaud
.
As
the
movie
ended
,
the
audience
stood
up
to
applaud
.
•
She
smiled
as
she
opened
the
birthday
gift
.
She
smiled
as
she
opened
the
birthday
gift
.
Old
English
‘
eallswā
’ (
all
so
,
likewise
)
shortened
over
time
to
‘
als
’
and
later
‘
as
’.
adverb
to
the
same
degree
or
amount
(
used
in
comparisons
)
•
He
is
as
tall
as
his
brother
.
He
is
as
tall
as
his
brother
.
•
This
puzzle
is
as
easy
as
that
one
.
This
puzzle
is
as
easy
as
that
one
.
From
use
of
‘
as
’
in
Old
English
comparisons
expressing
equality
.
conjunction
because
;
for
the
reason
that
•
As
it
was
raining
,
we
decided
to
stay
indoors
.
As
it
was
raining
,
we
decided
to
stay
indoors
.
•
The
flight
was
delayed
as
the
fog
was
too
thick
.
The
flight
was
delayed
as
the
fog
was
too
thick
.
Developed
from
earlier
causal
use
of
Old
English
‘
alswā
’,
meaning
‘
in
the
same
way
,
since
’.
preposition
in
the
role
,
function
,
or
form
of
•
She
works
as
a
nurse
in
the
city
hospital
.
She
works
as
a
nurse
in
the
city
hospital
.
•
The
box
can
be
used
as
a
small
table
.
The
box
can
be
used
as
a
small
table
.
Sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
comparison
meaning
to
denote
a
person
’
s
function
.
ask
verb
to
put
a
question
to
someone
in
order
to
get
information
•
The
student
asked
the
teacher
about
the
homework
.
The
student
asked
the
teacher
about
the
homework
.
•
I
asked
if
the
library
stayed
open
late
on
Fridays
.
I
asked
if
the
library
stayed
open
late
on
Fridays
.
Old
English
‘
ascian
’
/
‘
æscean
’,
meaning
to
seek
or
demand
,
gradually
becoming
‘
ask
’
in
Middle
English
.
verb
to
tell
someone
that
you
want
something
to
happen
or
that
you
want
them
to
give
you
something
•
He
asked
his
friend
for
a
ride
home
.
He
asked
his
friend
for
a
ride
home
.
•
Could
you
ask
the
waiter
for
some
water
?
Could
you
ask
the
waiter
for
some
water
?
verb
to
invite
someone
to
do
something
or
to
go
somewhere
•
He
asked
her
to
the
concert
on
Saturday
.
He
asked
her
to
the
concert
on
Saturday
.
•
We
asked
them
over
for
dinner
next
week
.
We
asked
them
over
for
dinner
next
week
.
verb
to
say
what
price
you
want
for
something
you
are
selling
•
The
owner
asked
$5
,
000
for
the
used
car
.
The
owner
asked
$5
,
000
for
the
used
car
.
•
They
’
re
asking
too
much
for
that
house
.
They
’
re
asking
too
much
for
that
house
.
noun
a
request
or
expectation
placed
on
someone
,
especially
when
it
is
large
or
difficult
•
Finishing
the
project
in
one
day
was
a
huge
ask
.
Finishing
the
project
in
one
day
was
a
huge
ask
.
•
Funding
the
trip
was
a
big
ask
for
the
small
charity
.
Funding
the
trip
was
a
big
ask
for
the
small
charity
.
noun
the
price
or
amount
of
money
that
someone
wants
for
something
•
At
that
ask
,
no
one
will
buy
the
watch
.
At
that
ask
,
no
one
will
buy
the
watch
.
•
The
seller
’
s
initial
ask
was
too
high
for
bidders
.
The
seller
’
s
initial
ask
was
too
high
for
bidders
.
association
noun
a
group
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
interest
,
or
activity
•
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
•
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
From
Latin
“
associātiō
”
meaning
“
union
,
alliance
,”
from
“
associate
”
+
“
-ion
.”
noun
a
mental
or
causal
connection
or
link
between
ideas
,
things
,
or
people
•
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
•
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
Sense
of
“
connection
of
ideas
”
recorded
since
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
philosophical
writings
on
how
thoughts
combine
.
assume
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
accept
something
is
true
or
will
happen
,
often
without
proof
•
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
•
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
From
Latin
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
”,
from
ad-
“
toward
”
+
sumere
“
to
take
”.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
take
on
a
duty
,
role
,
or
position
•
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
•
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
begin
to
have
a
particular
appearance
,
quality
,
or
form
•
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
•
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
pretend
to
have
a
particular
quality
or
identity
•
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
•
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
associate
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
mentally
connect
one
person
,
thing
,
or
idea
with
another
•
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
•
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
"
associāre
"
meaning
“
to
unite
with
”.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
spend
time
socially
with
someone
•
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
•
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
noun
a
colleague
,
partner
,
or
companion
who
works
or
spends
time
with
you
•
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
•
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
join
with
a
group
,
organization
,
or
cause
as
a
partner
or
member
•
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
•
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
adjective
having
a
rank
or
position
that
is
connected
but
not
full
or
permanent
•
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
•
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
aspect
noun
one
particular
part
or
feature
of
a
situation
,
idea
,
or
thing
•
The
safety
aspect
of
the
new
playground
was
very
important
to
parents
.
The
safety
aspect
of
the
new
playground
was
very
important
to
parents
.
•
Cost
is
only
one
aspect
we
must
consider
before
we
buy
the
car
.
Cost
is
only
one
aspect
we
must
consider
before
we
buy
the
car
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
aspectus
‘
a
seeing
,
look
,
appearance
’,
from
ad-
‘
towards
’
+
spectare
‘
to
look
’.
noun
the
way
something
or
someone
appears
to
other
people
•
The
gloomy
weather
gave
the
city
a
dull
aspect
.
The
gloomy
weather
gave
the
city
a
dull
aspect
.
•
Her
cheerful
aspect
made
everyone
feel
welcome
.
Her
cheerful
aspect
made
everyone
feel
welcome
.
noun
the
direction
in
which
a
building
,
window
,
or
piece
of
land
faces
•
The
apartment's
south-facing
aspect
lets
in
plenty
of
sunlight
.
The
apartment's
south-facing
aspect
lets
in
plenty
of
sunlight
.
•
Gardeners
prefer
a
western
aspect
for
their
greenhouse
.
Gardeners
prefer
a
western
aspect
for
their
greenhouse
.
noun
in
grammar
,
a
form
of
a
verb
that
shows
whether
an
action
is
completed
,
ongoing
,
repeated
,
etc
.
•
In
English
,
the
perfect
aspect
shows
that
an
action
is
finished
.
In
English
,
the
perfect
aspect
shows
that
an
action
is
finished
.
•
Students
often
confuse
tense
with
aspect
.
Students
often
confuse
tense
with
aspect
.
noun
in
astrology
,
the
angle
formed
between
two
planets
,
said
to
influence
events
on
Earth
•
The
horoscope
said
the
favorable
aspect
between
Venus
and
Jupiter
would
bring
luck
.
The
horoscope
said
the
favorable
aspect
between
Venus
and
Jupiter
would
bring
luck
.
•
Astrologers
studied
the
challenging
square
aspect
in
his
birth
chart
.
Astrologers
studied
the
challenging
square
aspect
in
his
birth
chart
.
assessment
noun
a
test
or
other
task
designed
to
measure
a
student
’
s
knowledge
,
skills
,
or
progress
•
The
final
math
assessment
will
cover
algebra
and
geometry
.
The
final
math
assessment
will
cover
algebra
and
geometry
.
•
All
trainees
completed
an
online
assessment
at
the
end
of
the
course
.
All
trainees
completed
an
online
assessment
at
the
end
of
the
course
.
Educational
use
expanded
in
the
20th
century
,
influenced
by
standardized
testing
.
noun
a
careful
judgment
or
opinion
about
the
quality
,
value
,
or
importance
of
someone
or
something
•
The
manager
’
s
assessment
of
the
project
was
very
positive
.
The
manager
’
s
assessment
of
the
project
was
very
positive
.
•
After
the
rehearsal
,
the
director
shared
her
honest
assessment
of
the
actors
’
performances
.
After
the
rehearsal
,
the
director
shared
her
honest
assessment
of
the
actors
’
performances
.
From
assess
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
an
official
calculation
of
the
value
of
something
,
especially
for
the
purpose
of
charging
tax
or
a
fee
;
the
amount
determined
•
The
city
sent
us
an
assessment
for
road
repairs
on
our
street
.
The
city
sent
us
an
assessment
for
road
repairs
on
our
street
.
•
Our
property
tax
assessment
increased
after
the
renovation
.
Our
property
tax
assessment
increased
after
the
renovation
.
Legal
and
financial
use
dates
from
the
18th
century
,
tied
to
systems
of
property
taxation
.
ass
noun
-
ass
,
asses
a
domesticated
animal
related
to
the
horse
,
with
long
ears
and
a
loud
bray
,
also
called
a
donkey
•
The
farmer
loaded
hay
onto
the
ass
to
carry
to
the
barn
.
The
farmer
loaded
hay
onto
the
ass
to
carry
to
the
barn
.
•
In
many
desert
villages
,
an
ass
is
still
used
for
transportation
.
In
many
desert
villages
,
an
ass
is
still
used
for
transportation
.
Old
English
‘
ass
(
a
)’,
from
Latin
‘
asinus
’,
meaning
donkey
.
assess
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
carefully
judge
or
decide
the
value
,
quality
,
importance
,
or
condition
of
something
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
•
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
from
Latin
‘
assessus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
assidēre
’
meaning
‘
to
sit
beside
’ (
as
a
judge
)
→
later
‘
to
fix
the
amount
of
a
tax
’
then
‘
to
evaluate
’.
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
officially
determine
and
charge
the
amount
of
money
someone
must
pay
,
especially
as
a
tax
,
fine
,
or
fee
•
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
•
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
The
sense
of
charging
money
developed
in
15th-century
English
from
the
earlier
meaning
of
‘
fix
a
tax
amount
’.
aside
adverb
to
or
toward
one
side
,
so
that
you
are
not
blocking
,
touching
,
or
mixing
with
something
else
•
She
stepped
aside
to
let
the
elderly
man
pass
.
She
stepped
aside
to
let
the
elderly
man
pass
.
•
Please
put
your
toys
aside
before
dinner
.
Please
put
your
toys
aside
before
dinner
.
From
Middle
English
asiden
,
combining
a-
(
meaning
“
on
,
in
,
to
”)
and
side
.
adverb
kept
,
saved
,
or
set
away
for
a
particular
purpose
or
future
time
•
She
sets
a
little
money
aside
each
month
for
holidays
.
She
sets
a
little
money
aside
each
month
for
holidays
.
•
Please
put
that
slice
of
cake
aside
for
your
brother
.
Please
put
that
slice
of
cake
aside
for
your
brother
.
noun
a
quick
remark
spoken
quietly
or
directly
to
the
audience
so
that
most
people
nearby
are
not
meant
to
hear
it
•
The
actor
delivered
a
humorous
aside
that
made
the
audience
laugh
.
The
actor
delivered
a
humorous
aside
that
made
the
audience
laugh
.
•
She
couldn
’
t
resist
making
an
aside
about
his
new
haircut
.
She
couldn
’
t
resist
making
an
aside
about
his
new
haircut
.
noun
a
comment
or
digression
that
is
not
part
of
the
main
topic
of
discussion
•
After
a
long
technical
explanation
,
the
professor
added
an
amusing
aside
about
his
dog
.
After
a
long
technical
explanation
,
the
professor
added
an
amusing
aside
about
his
dog
.
•
Her
article
was
clear
,
except
for
one
confusing
aside
in
the
middle
.
Her
article
was
clear
,
except
for
one
confusing
aside
in
the
middle
.
asset
noun
a
person
,
skill
,
or
quality
that
is
very
useful
and
helps
to
achieve
success
•
His
ability
to
speak
three
languages
is
a
great
asset
to
the
team
.
His
ability
to
speak
three
languages
is
a
great
asset
to
the
team
.
•
Honesty
is
an
asset
in
any
relationship
.
Honesty
is
an
asset
in
any
relationship
.
Same
historical
root
as
the
financial
sense
:
from
Anglo-French
assets
meaning
“
enough
,”
later
extended
to
anything
helpful
or
advantageous
.
noun
something
valuable
that
a
person
or
organization
owns
and
that
can
be
turned
into
money
•
The
company's
biggest
asset
is
its
loyal
customer
base
.
The
company's
biggest
asset
is
its
loyal
customer
base
.
•
She
sold
several
assets
to
pay
off
her
debts
.
She
sold
several
assets
to
pay
off
her
debts
.
Early
1500s
:
from
Anglo-French
assets
,
from
Old
French
assez
“
enough
”,
originally
a
legal
term
meaning
that
the
deceased
left
enough
goods
to
cover
debts
.
assistance
noun
-
assistance
help
,
support
,
or
aid
given
to
someone
who
needs
it
.
•
The
old
man
asked
his
neighbor
for
assistance
carrying
the
heavy
groceries
upstairs
.
The
old
man
asked
his
neighbor
for
assistance
carrying
the
heavy
groceries
upstairs
.
•
If
you
have
any
questions
,
our
customer
service
team
is
available
to
offer
assistance
24/7
.
If
you
have
any
questions
,
our
customer
service
team
is
available
to
offer
assistance
24/7
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
assister
‘
to
assist
’.
noun
-
assistance
the
act
of
being
present
at
a
place
or
event
;
attendance
.
•
Your
assistance
at
tomorrow's
staff
meeting
is
mandatory
.
Your
assistance
at
tomorrow's
staff
meeting
is
mandatory
.
•
The
ceremony
will
take
place
at
noon
,
and
the
mayor's
assistance
has
been
confirmed
.
The
ceremony
will
take
place
at
noon
,
and
the
mayor's
assistance
has
been
confirmed
.
From
French
assistance
‘
presence
’,
a
sense
carried
into
early
Modern
English
.
assist
verb
to
help
someone
or
make
it
easier
for
them
to
do
something
•
The
nurse
hurried
over
to
assist
the
elderly
man
in
finding
his
seat
.
The
nurse
hurried
over
to
assist
the
elderly
man
in
finding
his
seat
.
•
Could
you
assist
me
with
this
heavy
suitcase
?
Could
you
assist
me
with
this
heavy
suitcase
?
From
Middle
French
assister
,
from
Latin
assistere
meaning
“
to
stand
by
,
help
”.
noun
in
sports
,
a
pass
or
action
that
directly
helps
a
teammate
score
a
point
or
goal
•
The
striker
scored
thanks
to
an
amazing
assist
from
the
left-winger
.
The
striker
scored
thanks
to
an
amazing
assist
from
the
left-winger
.
•
She
finished
the
game
with
twelve
assists
and
a
big
smile
.
She
finished
the
game
with
twelve
assists
and
a
big
smile
.
Sense
developed
in
late
19th-century
North
American
sports
reporting
,
extending
the
verb
’
s
idea
of
helping
to
team
play
.
noun
help
or
support
that
you
give
to
someone
•
Thanks
for
your
quick
assist
with
the
report
.
Thanks
for
your
quick
assist
with
the
report
.
•
The
new
search
function
is
a
huge
assist
for
students
doing
research
.
The
new
search
function
is
a
huge
assist
for
students
doing
research
.
A
19th-century
back-formation
from
the
verb
,
influenced
by
the
older
noun
“
assistance
”.
assumption
noun
Something
that
you
accept
as
true
or
certain
without
having
proof
.
•
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
•
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
From
Latin
assumptiō
(
a
taking
up
),
from
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
.”
noun
-
assumption
The
act
of
taking
on
a
role
,
responsibility
,
or
duty
.
•
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
•
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
but
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
meaning
“
taking
up
”.
noun
The
act
of
taking
something
for
oneself
,
especially
without
permission
or
right
.
•
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
•
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Extended
from
Latin
sense
of
“
taking
up
”
to
signify
seizure
or
appropriation
in
Middle
English
.
assault
noun
a
violent
physical
attack
on
someone
•
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
•
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
asaut
,
based
on
Latin
ad-
‘
towards
’
+
saltus
‘
leaping
’.
noun
a
sudden
,
forceful
attack
by
soldiers
on
a
place
or
position
•
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
•
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
verb
-
assault
,
assaulting
,
assaults
,
assaulted
to
attack
someone
suddenly
and
violently
•
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
•
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
noun
the
crime
of
threatening
or
trying
to
hurt
someone
,
even
if
no
physical
contact
happens
•
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
•
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
assign
verb
to
give
someone
a
particular
job
or
responsibility
to
do
•
The
manager
assigned
each
volunteer
a
role
at
the
charity
event
.
The
manager
assigned
each
volunteer
a
role
at
the
charity
event
.
•
Our
teacher
will
assign
a
science
project
tomorrow
.
Our
teacher
will
assign
a
science
project
tomorrow
.
Middle
English
“
assignen
”,
from
Old
French
“
assigner
”,
from
Latin
“
assignare
” (
mark
out
,
allot
),
from
“
ad-
” (
to
)
+
“
signare
” (
to
mark
).
verb
to
designate
a
particular
place
,
number
,
or
resource
for
someone
’
s
use
•
The
airline
assigned
me
seat
12A
.
The
airline
assigned
me
seat
12A
.
•
Each
student
was
assigned
a
locker
for
the
year
.
Each
student
was
assigned
a
locker
for
the
year
.
verb
to
legally
transfer
the
ownership
of
rights
or
property
to
another
person
•
The
inventor
assigned
his
patent
to
the
company
.
The
inventor
assigned
his
patent
to
the
company
.
•
She
assigned
her
copyright
to
the
publisher
.
She
assigned
her
copyright
to
the
publisher
.
assure
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
tell
someone
something
firmly
so
that
they
stop
worrying
and
feel
certain
about
it
•
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
•
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
from
Old
French
assurer
“
to
make
safe
,”
from
Latin
ad-
+
securus
“
secure
”.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
happen
or
be
obtained
;
to
guarantee
•
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
•
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
extended
sense
of
making
something
sure
,
first
recorded
in
16th-century
English
.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
insure
someone
’
s
life
so
that
money
is
paid
out
on
their
death
•
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
•
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
specialised
financial
use
developed
in
18th-century
Britain
,
distinguishing
life
assurance
from
general
insurance
.
assistant
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
help
someone
with
their
work
or
tasks
•
The
shop
’
s
assistant
showed
me
where
the
shoes
were
.
The
shop
’
s
assistant
showed
me
where
the
shoes
were
.
•
As
a
lab
assistant
,
he
measures
chemicals
and
records
the
results
.
As
a
lab
assistant
,
he
measures
chemicals
and
records
the
results
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
present
participle
of
assister
,
from
Latin
assistere
‘
to
stand
by
’.
noun
a
software
program
or
smart
device
that
helps
users
by
carrying
out
tasks
or
answering
questions
•
You
can
ask
the
voice
assistant
to
set
an
alarm
for
7
a
.
m
.
You
can
ask
the
voice
assistant
to
set
an
alarm
for
7
a
.
m
.
•
The
smartphone
’
s
built-in
assistant
showed
me
the
fastest
route
home
.
The
smartphone
’
s
built-in
assistant
showed
me
the
fastest
route
home
.
Modern
sense
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
as
computers
gained
interactive
capabilities
.
adjective
helping
another
person
in
a
lower
or
supporting
position
•
She
was
promoted
from
assistant
editor
to
senior
editor
.
She
was
promoted
from
assistant
editor
to
senior
editor
.
•
The
coach
hired
an
assistant
coach
to
train
the
newcomers
.
The
coach
hired
an
assistant
coach
to
train
the
newcomers
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
,
used
attributively
since
the
18th
century
.
assembly
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
gathering
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
such
as
a
meeting
,
ceremony
,
or
discussion
•
Residents
filled
the
town
hall
for
a
public
assembly
to
discuss
the
new
park
.
Residents
filled
the
town
hall
for
a
public
assembly
to
discuss
the
new
park
.
•
Before
classes
started
,
the
students
gathered
in
the
gym
for
the
morning
assembly
.
Before
classes
started
,
the
students
gathered
in
the
gym
for
the
morning
assembly
.
From
Middle
English
assemblee
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
asamblea
,
based
on
Latin
assimulāre
‘
to
gather
together
’.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
the
act
or
process
of
fitting
separate
parts
together
to
create
something
•
The
assembly
of
the
furniture
took
less
than
an
hour
.
The
assembly
of
the
furniture
took
less
than
an
hour
.
•
Car
assembly
requires
precise
timing
on
the
production
line
.
Car
assembly
requires
precise
timing
on
the
production
line
.
Developed
as
a
noun
of
action
from
the
verb
assemble
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
17th
century
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
set
of
parts
that
have
been
put
together
and
now
form
one
working
unit
•
The
steering
assembly
needs
to
be
replaced
.
The
steering
assembly
needs
to
be
replaced
.
•
She
bought
a
brake
assembly
for
her
bike
.
She
bought
a
brake
assembly
for
her
bike
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
something
that
has
been
assembled
,
first
appearing
in
engineering
texts
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
legislative
body
or
group
of
elected
representatives
that
makes
or
changes
laws
for
a
region
or
country
•
The
regional
assembly
passed
a
new
environmental
law
.
The
regional
assembly
passed
a
new
environmental
law
.
•
Members
of
the
national
assembly
debated
the
budget
all
night
.
Members
of
the
national
assembly
debated
the
budget
all
night
.
Political
sense
recorded
in
the
18th
century
,
influenced
by
the
French
Révolution
’
s
Assemblée
nationale
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
low-level
computer
programming
language
that
uses
short
codes
to
represent
machine
instructions
•
She
prefers
writing
code
in
assembly
for
maximum
speed
.
She
prefers
writing
code
in
assembly
for
maximum
speed
.
•
The
old
game
console
was
programmed
entirely
in
assembly
.
The
old
game
console
was
programmed
entirely
in
assembly
.
Shortened
from
‘
assembly
language
’,
first
used
in
the
1950s
with
early
computers
.
asleep
adjective
sleeping
;
in
a
state
of
sleep
•
The
baby
was
asleep
before
the
story
ended
.
The
baby
was
asleep
before
the
story
ended
.
•
He
tip-toed
out
of
the
room
to
avoid
waking
his
asleep
roommates
.
He
tip-toed
out
of
the
room
to
avoid
waking
his
asleep
roommates
.
adjective
numb
and
tingling
because
blood
flow
has
been
cut
off
to
a
body
part
•
After
sitting
too
long
,
his
foot
fell
asleep
.
After
sitting
too
long
,
his
foot
fell
asleep
.
•
She
shook
her
hand
because
it
was
still
asleep
from
leaning
on
it
.
She
shook
her
hand
because
it
was
still
asleep
from
leaning
on
it
.
adjective
not
active
,
operating
,
or
developing
for
a
time
;
dormant
•
The
project
lay
asleep
for
years
until
new
investors
arrived
.
The
project
lay
asleep
for
years
until
new
investors
arrived
.
•
The
volcano
had
been
asleep
for
centuries
before
it
erupted
.
The
volcano
had
been
asleep
for
centuries
before
it
erupted
.
assignment
noun
a
piece
of
work
or
task
that
a
teacher
or
employer
gives
someone
to
complete
•
Maria
stayed
up
late
to
finish
her
math
assignment
before
class
.
Maria
stayed
up
late
to
finish
her
math
assignment
before
class
.
•
The
manager
gave
each
intern
a
small
research
assignment
for
the
week
.
The
manager
gave
each
intern
a
small
research
assignment
for
the
week
.
From
Middle
French
assignement
,
from
Old
French
assigner
“
to
allot
.”
noun
the
act
of
giving
someone
a
particular
task
,
role
,
or
share
of
work
•
The
assignment
of
duties
was
discussed
at
Monday
’
s
meeting
.
The
assignment
of
duties
was
discussed
at
Monday
’
s
meeting
.
•
Fair
assignment
of
chores
keeps
peace
among
roommates
.
Fair
assignment
of
chores
keeps
peace
among
roommates
.
noun
a
particular
job
or
posting
that
someone
is
sent
to
do
,
often
for
a
limited
time
•
The
reporter
’
s
next
assignment
was
to
cover
the
election
in
Brazil
.
The
reporter
’
s
next
assignment
was
to
cover
the
election
in
Brazil
.
•
After
six
months
at
sea
,
the
sailor
received
a
shore
assignment
.
After
six
months
at
sea
,
the
sailor
received
a
shore
assignment
.
noun
the
legal
or
technical
act
of
transferring
rights
,
property
,
or
a
value
to
another
party
•
The
contract
prohibits
the
assignment
of
rights
without
written
consent
.
The
contract
prohibits
the
assignment
of
rights
without
written
consent
.
•
Variable
assignment
in
this
language
uses
the
equals
sign
.
Variable
assignment
in
this
language
uses
the
equals
sign
.
assert
verb
to
state
or
claim
something
firmly
and
confidently
•
During
the
meeting
,
Maya
asserted
that
the
figures
were
incorrect
.
During
the
meeting
,
Maya
asserted
that
the
figures
were
incorrect
.
•
Scientists
assert
that
climate
change
is
accelerating
.
Scientists
assert
that
climate
change
is
accelerating
.
from
Latin
“
assertus
,”
past
participle
of
“
asserere
”
meaning
“
to
claim
,
affirm
,
join
to
.”
verb
in
computer
programming
,
to
check
that
a
condition
is
true
while
the
program
is
running
and
stop
execution
if
it
is
not
•
The
developer
added
an
assert
to
ensure
the
variable
was
never
null
.
The
developer
added
an
assert
to
ensure
the
variable
was
never
null
.
•
Using
asserts
during
testing
helped
catch
logical
errors
early
.
Using
asserts
during
testing
helped
catch
logical
errors
early
.
sense
developed
in
the
1960s
as
programmers
borrowed
the
general
verb
"
assert
"
to
label
automated
truth
checks
in
code
.
assert oneself
verb
to
behave
or
speak
confidently
so
that
people
notice
and
respect
you
•
In
her
first
week
at
the
job
,
Anna
knew
she
had
to
assert
herself
to
be
taken
seriously
.
In
her
first
week
at
the
job
,
Anna
knew
she
had
to
assert herself
to
be
taken
seriously
.
•
The
shy
student
tried
to
assert
himself
by
joining
class
discussions
.
The
shy
student
tried
to
assert himself
by
joining
class
discussions
.
extension
of
the
verb
“
assert
”
with
the
reflexive
pronoun
emphasizing
personal
confidence
.
associated
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
associate
•
She
associated
the
smell
of
fresh
bread
with
her
grandmother's
kitchen
.
She
associated
the
smell
of
fresh
bread
with
her
grandmother's
kitchen
.
•
The
brand
was
associated
with
high
quality
and
reliability
.
The
brand
was
associated
with
high
quality
and
reliability
.
adjective
connected
or
related
to
something
else
•
The
scientist
explained
the
health
risks
associated
with
smoking
.
The
scientist
explained
the
health
risks
associated
with
smoking
.
•
Our
company
is
looking
for
partners
associated
with
renewable
energy
.
Our
company
is
looking
for
partners
associated
with
renewable
energy
.
assemble
verb
-
assemble
,
assembling
,
assembles
,
assembled
to
fit
separate
parts
together
to
make
a
finished
object
•
We
spent
the
afternoon
assembling
the
new
bookshelf
from
the
flat-pack
box
.
We
spent
the
afternoon
assembling
the
new
bookshelf
from
the
flat-pack
box
.
•
He
carefully
assembled
the
model
airplane
piece
by
piece
.
He
carefully
assembled
the
model
airplane
piece
by
piece
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Old
French
assembler
,
Latin
assimulare
.
verb
-
assemble
,
assembling
,
assembles
,
assembled
to
come
together
,
or
bring
people
or
things
together
,
in
one
place
for
a
purpose
•
At
eight
o
’
clock
sharp
,
all
the
employees
assembled
in
the
conference
room
for
the
briefing
.
At
eight
o
’
clock
sharp
,
all
the
employees
assembled
in
the
conference
room
for
the
briefing
.
•
The
rescue
volunteers
quickly
assembled
outside
the
flooded
village
.
The
rescue
volunteers
quickly
assembled
outside
the
flooded
village
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
assembler
,
from
Latin
assimulare
“
to
bring
together
,
unite
.”
verb
-
assemble
,
assembling
,
assembles
,
assembled
(
computing
)
to
translate
code
written
in
assembly
language
into
machine
code
•
The
programmer
assembled
the
source
code
into
an
executable
file
.
The
programmer
assembled
the
source
code
into
an
executable
file
.
•
Before
debugging
,
you
need
to
assemble
the
module
with
the
correct
flags
.
Before
debugging
,
you
need
to
assemble
the
module
with
the
correct
flags
.
From
the
general
sense
of
‘
put
together
,’
specialized
in
the
1950s
with
the
rise
of
assembly
language
programming
.
astronomer
noun
a
scientist
who
studies
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
stars
,
planets
,
and
other
objects
in
outer
space
•
The
astronomer
pointed
her
telescope
at
Jupiter
to
look
for
its
faint
rings
.
The
astronomer
pointed
her
telescope
at
Jupiter
to
look
for
its
faint
rings
.
•
Ancient
astronomers
used
only
their
eyes
to
map
the
night
sky
.
Ancient
astronomers
used
only
their
eyes
to
map
the
night
sky
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Greek
astronomos
‘
star
arranger
’,
from
astron
‘
star
’
+
nomos
‘
arranging
’.
ash
noun
-
ash
,
ashes
The
soft
grey
powder
that
is
left
after
something
such
as
wood
,
coal
,
or
paper
has
completely
burned
.
•
After
the
campfire
went
out
,
only
cold
ash
was
left
in
the
fire
pit
.
After
the
campfire
went
out
,
only
cold
ash
was
left
in
the
fire
pit
.
•
Please
sweep
the
ash
from
the
fireplace
before
guests
arrive
.
Please
sweep
the
ash
from
the
fireplace
before
guests
arrive
.
Old
English
æsce
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*askon
,
meaning
the
powder
remaining
after
burning
.
noun
-
ash
,
ashes
A
tall
tree
with
smooth
grey
bark
and
divided
leaves
,
or
the
hard
pale
wood
that
comes
from
this
tree
.
•
An
old
ash
stood
at
the
edge
of
the
meadow
,
providing
shade
for
picnickers
.
An
old
ash
stood
at
the
edge
of
the
meadow
,
providing
shade
for
picnickers
.
•
Carpenters
like
to
use
ash
because
it
is
strong
yet
easy
to
shape
.
Carpenters
like
to
use
ash
because
it
is
strong
yet
easy
to
shape
.
Old
English
æsc
meaning
both
“
ash
tree
”
and
“
spear
,”
because
its
wood
was
used
for
spear
shafts
.
noun
-
ash
A
very
light
grey
colour
that
resembles
the
shade
of
fireplace
ash
.
•
She
painted
her
kitchen
walls
a
soft
ash
to
make
the
room
look
brighter
.
She
painted
her
kitchen
walls
a
soft
ash
to
make
the
room
look
brighter
.
•
The
designer
’
s
latest
suit
comes
in
charcoal
,
navy
,
and
ash
.
The
designer
’
s
latest
suit
comes
in
charcoal
,
navy
,
and
ash
.
Derived
from
the
colour
of
burnt
ash
,
first
recorded
as
a
colour
term
in
the
14th
century
.
verb
-
ash
,
ashing
,
ashes
,
ashed
To
knock
or
drop
the
ash
from
a
burning
cigarette
,
or
to
cover
something
with
ash
.
•
He
tapped
the
cigarette
to
ash
it
outside
the
car
window
.
He
tapped
the
cigarette
to
ash
it
outside
the
car
window
.
•
Please
use
the
tray
when
you
ash
so
the
table
stays
clean
.
Please
use
the
tray
when
you
ash
so
the
table
stays
clean
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
"
ash
" (
powder
),
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
with
reference
to
smoking
.
ashamed
adjective
feeling
guilt
,
embarrassment
,
or
remorse
about
something
you
have
done
or
about
a
situation
connected
with
you
•
Tom
felt
ashamed
after
he
lied
to
his
best
friend
.
Tom
felt
ashamed
after
he
lied
to
his
best
friend
.
•
She
looked
ashamed
when
the
teacher
returned
her
unfinished
homework
.
She
looked
ashamed
when
the
teacher
returned
her
unfinished
homework
.
From
Middle
English
ashamed
,
past
participle
of
ashame
,
from
Old
English
āscamian
“
to
feel
shame
”.
be
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
link
the
subject
of
a
sentence
with
a
description
,
identity
,
or
state
•
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
•
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
Old
English
“
beon
”
and
“
wesan
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
“
to
exist
”
and
“
to
dwell
”.
These
merged
over
time
into
the
single
modern
verb
“
be
”.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
another
verb
’
s
present
participle
to
form
the
continuous
(
progressive
)
tenses
•
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
•
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
exist
,
live
,
or
remain
alive
•
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
•
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
happen
or
take
place
,
often
indicating
time
or
location
of
an
event
•
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
•
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
a
past
participle
to
form
the
passive
voice
•
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
•
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
have
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
own
or
possess
something
•
I
have
two
brothers
and
a
sister
.
I
have
two
brothers
and
a
sister
.
•
They
have
a
big
garden
behind
their
house
.
They
have
a
big
garden
behind
their
house
.
Old
English
habban
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
haben
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
experience
or
be
affected
by
something
such
as
a
feeling
,
state
,
or
illness
•
I
have
a
terrible
headache
this
morning
.
I
have
a
terrible
headache
this
morning
.
•
She
has
a
cold
and
can't
come
today
.
She
has
a
cold
and
can't
come
today
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
eat
or
drink
something
•
Let's
have
lunch
at
the
new
café
.
Let's
have
lunch
at
the
new
café
.
•
She
always
has
oatmeal
for
breakfast
.
She
always
has
oatmeal
for
breakfast
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
arrange
,
hold
,
or
take
part
in
an
activity
or
event
•
We
will
have
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.
We
will
have
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.
•
The
city
had
a
big
parade
last
weekend
.
The
city
had
a
big
parade
last
weekend
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
cause
or
persuade
someone
to
do
something
•
The
teacher
had
the
students
rewrite
their
essays
.
The
teacher
had
the
students
rewrite
their
essays
.
•
I'll
have
the
mechanic
check
the
brakes
.
I'll
have
the
mechanic
check
the
brakes
.
last
adjective
coming
after
all
the
others
in
order
or
position
•
Hurry
!
The
last
bus
is
about
to
leave
.
Hurry
!
The
last
bus
is
about
to
leave
.
•
She
was
the
last
student
to
hand
in
her
exam
paper
.
She
was
the
last
student
to
hand
in
her
exam
paper
.
adjective
happening
or
existing
most
recently
before
the
present
time
•
We
went
to
the
beach
last
weekend
.
We
went
to
the
beach
last
weekend
.
•
Do
you
remember
what
you
had
for
dinner
last
night
?
Do
you
remember
what
you
had
for
dinner
last
night
?
adverb
most
recently
;
the
final
time
before
now
•
When
did
you
see
Kim
last
?
When
did
you
see
Kim
last
?
•
I
last
spoke
to
my
grandmother
two
weeks
ago
.
I
last
spoke
to
my
grandmother
two
weeks
ago
.
noun
the
final
person
or
thing
in
a
series
or
group
•
He
finished
the
race
dead
last
.
He
finished
the
race
dead
last
.
•
No
one
wants
to
be
the
last
to
leave
the
party
.
No
one
wants
to
be
the
last
to
leave
the
party
.
verb
to
continue
for
a
particular
length
of
time
•
The
meeting
will
last
about
an
hour
.
The
meeting
will
last
about
an
hour
.
•
These
shoes
won
’
t
last
all
winter
if
you
wear
them
every
day
.
These
shoes
won
’
t
last
all
winter
if
you
wear
them
every
day
.
little
determiner
-
little
,
less
,
least
not
much
;
only
a
small
amount
or
number
(
used
before
uncountable
or
plural
nouns
)
•
There
is
little
hope
of
catching
the
last
train
now
.
There
is
little
hope
of
catching
the
last
train
now
.
•
The
recipe
needs
little
sugar
,
so
don
’
t
add
too
much
.
The
recipe
needs
little
sugar
,
so
don
’
t
add
too
much
.
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
to
a
small
degree
or
extent
;
hardly
at
all
•
He
little
suspected
the
surprise
waiting
for
him
.
He
little
suspected
the
surprise
waiting
for
him
.
•
The
manager
little
understood
the
team
’
s
concerns
.
The
manager
little
understood
the
team
’
s
concerns
.
area
noun
a
part
of
a
place
,
city
,
country
,
or
the
world
•
This
area
of
the
city
is
famous
for
its
street
food
.
This
area
of
the
city
is
famous
for
its
street
food
.
•
They
are
building
a
new
park
in
the
residential
area
near
the
river
.
They
are
building
a
new
park
in
the
residential
area
near
the
river
.
noun
the
amount
of
surface
space
inside
a
shape
,
measured
in
square
units
•
The
area
of
the
rectangle
is
20
square
centimeters
.
The
area
of
the
rectangle
is
20
square
centimeters
.
•
We
learned
how
to
find
the
area
of
a
circle
in
math
class
.
We
learned
how
to
find
the
area
of
a
circle
in
math
class
.
noun
a
subject
or
type
of
activity
that
someone
studies
,
works
in
,
or
is
interested
in
•
Her
main
area
of
interest
is
environmental
science
.
Her
main
area
of
interest
is
environmental
science
.
•
He
has
worked
in
the
area
of
computer
security
for
years
.
He
has
worked
in
the
area
of
computer
security
for
years
.
idea
noun
a
thought
or
concept
that
comes
into
your
mind
•
A
new
idea
popped
into
Mia's
head
while
she
was
drawing
.
A
new
idea
popped
into
Mia's
head
while
she
was
drawing
.
•
The
teacher
asked
each
student
to
share
one
idea
for
the
project
.
The
teacher
asked
each
student
to
share
one
idea
for
the
project
.
from
Greek
‘
idéa
’
meaning
‘
form
,
pattern
,
notion
’
noun
a
plan
or
suggestion
about
what
to
do
•
“
Why
don
’
t
we
order
pizza
?
That
’
s
a
great
idea
!”
“
Why
don
’
t
we
order
pizza
?
That
’
s
a
great
idea
!”
•
Julia
had
the
idea
to
meet
at
sunrise
to
avoid
the
crowds
.
Julia
had
the
idea
to
meet
at
sunrise
to
avoid
the
crowds
.
noun
knowledge
or
understanding
about
something
•
Do
you
have
any
idea
how
heavy
this
box
is
?
Do
you
have
any
idea
how
heavy
this
box
is
?
•
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
in
town
.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
in
town
.
noun
the
main
purpose
or
meaning
behind
something
•
The
idea
behind
the
campaign
is
to
encourage
recycling
.
The
idea
behind
the
campaign
is
to
encourage
recycling
.
•
He
explained
the
idea
of
freedom
in
his
speech
.
He
explained
the
idea
of
freedom
in
his
speech
.
case
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
box
or
covering
that
protects
or
holds
something
•
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
•
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
Originates
from
Latin
"
capsa
"
meaning
box
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
particular
example
or
situation
of
something
happening
•
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
•
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
cas
’,
from
Latin
‘
casus
’
meaning
event
or
occurrence
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
problem
or
disagreement
that
is
decided
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
•
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Evolved
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
event
’
to
the
legal
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
an
instance
of
a
particular
disease
or
medical
condition
in
one
person
•
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
•
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Specialized
medical
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
as
record-keeping
of
patients
became
systematic
.
verb
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
to
look
carefully
at
a
building
or
place
,
especially
to
prepare
for
stealing
from
it
•
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
•
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
Originated
in
American
criminal
slang
of
the
late
19th
century
,
probably
from
the
noun
sense
of
‘
case
’
meaning
‘
situation
’.
least
determiner
smaller
in
amount
or
degree
than
anything
else
;
the
smallest
.
•
Of
all
the
players
,
Mia
had
the
least
experience
but
she
tried
hardest
.
Of
all
the
players
,
Mia
had
the
least
experience
but
she
tried
hardest
.
•
Choose
the
route
with
the
least
traffic
to
arrive
on
time
.
Choose
the
route
with
the
least
traffic
to
arrive
on
time
.
Old
English
lǣst
,
superlative
of
lȳtel
“
little
”.
pronoun
the
smallest
amount
,
number
,
or
degree
of
something
.
•
I
did
the
least
I
could
to
help
,
but
it
wasn't
enough
.
I
did
the
least
I
could
to
help
,
but
it
wasn't
enough
.
•
Among
all
the
singers
,
Lila
practiced
the
least
,
yet
her
voice
was
still
strong
.
Among
all
the
singers
,
Lila
practiced
the
least
,
yet
her
voice
was
still
strong
.
Same
origin
as
the
determiner
sense
:
Old
English
lǣst
“
smallest
,
fewest
”.
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
to
the
smallest
extent
or
degree
;
less
than
anything
else
.
•
She
was
the
least
worried
of
the
group
when
the
storm
began
.
She
was
the
least
worried
of
the
group
when
the
storm
began
.
•
This
explanation
is
the
least
clear
of
all
we
reviewed
.
This
explanation
is
the
least
clear
of
all
we
reviewed
.
Old
English
lǣst
,
the
adverbial
superlative
form
of
"
little
",
maintaining
the
sense
of
minimal
degree
.
reason
noun
a
fact
,
situation
,
or
explanation
that
causes
something
to
happen
or
makes
something
understandable
•
The
reason
I
wear
a
coat
is
that
it
is
cold
outside
.
The
reason
I
wear
a
coat
is
that
it
is
cold
outside
.
•
Nobody
could
give
a
clear
reason
for
the
sudden
power
cut
.
Nobody
could
give
a
clear
reason
for
the
sudden
power
cut
.
From
Old
French
raison
,
from
Latin
ratiō
“
calculation
,
explanation
”.
noun
a
fair
or
acceptable
motive
that
justifies
doing
something
•
She
had
every
reason
to
be
proud
of
her
award
.
She
had
every
reason
to
be
proud
of
her
award
.
•
There
is
no
reason
to
worry
;
the
test
is
quite
easy
.
There
is
no
reason
to
worry
;
the
test
is
quite
easy
.
noun
-
reason
the
human
ability
to
think
logically
and
make
sensible
judgments
•
Unlike
animals
,
humans
can
use
reason
to
solve
complex
problems
.
Unlike
animals
,
humans
can
use
reason
to
solve
complex
problems
.
•
Passion
sometimes
clouds
reason
.
Passion
sometimes
clouds
reason
.
verb
-
reason
,
reasoning
,
reasons
,
reasoned
to
think
about
something
logically
in
order
to
reach
a
conclusion
or
persuade
someone
•
He
reasoned
that
taking
the
earlier
train
would
save
time
.
He
reasoned
that
taking
the
earlier
train
would
save
time
.
•
The
lawyer
reasoned
with
the
jury
to
show
her
client
’
s
innocence
.
The
lawyer
reasoned
with
the
jury
to
show
her
client
’
s
innocence
.
easy
adjective
-
easy
,
easier
,
easiest
not
difficult
to
do
,
understand
,
or
achieve
•
The
math
quiz
was
easy
for
Aisha
because
she
had
studied
all
week
.
The
math
quiz
was
easy
for
Aisha
because
she
had
studied
all
week
.
•
These
instructions
are
so
easy
that
a
child
could
build
the
toy
in
minutes
.
These
instructions
are
so
easy
that
a
child
could
build
the
toy
in
minutes
.
From
Old
French
‘
aisé
’
meaning
‘
comfortable
or
convenient
’,
past
participle
of
‘
aiser
’ “
to
ease
”.
adjective
-
easy
,
easier
,
easiest
relaxed
,
comfortable
,
or
free
from
stress
,
worry
,
or
pain
•
She
felt
easy
in
the
quiet
countryside
cottage
.
She
felt
easy
in
the
quiet
countryside
cottage
.
•
Wear
something
easy
for
the
long
flight
so
you
can
sleep
.
Wear
something
easy
for
the
long
flight
so
you
can
sleep
.
adverb
gently
;
without
taking
or
using
too
much
force
,
effort
,
or
amount
•
Go easy
on
the
salt
while
cooking
.
Go easy
on
the
salt
while
cooking
.
•
Drive
easy
on
the
icy
roads
tonight
.
Drive
easy
on
the
icy
roads
tonight
.
interjection
used
to
tell
someone
to
slow
down
,
calm
down
,
or
be
gentle
•
Easy
!
The
horse
might
get
scared
if
you
shout
.
Easy
!
The
horse
might
get
scared
if
you
shout
.
•
Easy
,
buddy
—
there
’
s
plenty
of
time
to
finish
the
project
.
Easy
,
buddy
—
there
’
s
plenty
of
time
to
finish
the
project
.
please
interjection
used
to
make
a
request
,
offer
,
or
invitation
more
polite
•
Could
you
close
the
window
,
please
?
Could
you
close
the
window
,
please
?
•
Please
,
take
a
seat
while
you
wait
.
Please
,
take
a
seat
while
you
wait
.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
to
make
someone
happy
or
satisfied
•
The
surprise
birthday
party
really
pleased
Maria
.
The
surprise
birthday
party
really
pleased
Maria
.
•
It
pleases
the
chef
when
diners
enjoy
his
new
dish
.
It
pleases
the
chef
when
diners
enjoy
his
new
dish
.
From
Middle
English
‘
plese
’,
from
Old
French
‘
plaisir
’
meaning
‘
to
satisfy
’.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
to
wish
or
choose
to
do
something
•
On
weekends
,
he
sleeps
as
late
as
he
pleases
.
On
weekends
,
he
sleeps
as
late
as
he
pleases
.
•
Guests
may
wander
the
gardens
wherever
they
please
.
Guests
may
wander
the
gardens
wherever
they
please
.
interjection
used
to
show
surprise
,
disbelief
,
or
annoyance
at
what
someone
has
said
•
You
think
he
’
ll
pay
you
back
?
Please
!
You
think
he
’
ll
pay
you
back
?
Please
!
•
A
hundred
push-ups
in
one
minute
?
Please
.
A
hundred
push-ups
in
one
minute
?
Please
.
season
noun
one
of
the
four
main
periods
of
the
year
,
such
as
spring
,
summer
,
autumn
,
or
winter
,
each
with
its
own
typical
weather
and
daylight
length
•
In
this
region
,
the
rainy
season
usually
begins
in
June
.
In
this
region
,
the
rainy
season
usually
begins
in
June
.
•
Spring
is
my
favorite
season
because
colorful
flowers
cover
the
parks
.
Spring
is
my
favorite
season
because
colorful
flowers
cover
the
parks
.
From
Old
French
seson
,
seison
,
from
Latin
satio
“
act
of
sowing
,
seed-time
”,
later
“
time
,
season
”.
noun
a
specific
period
in
which
a
particular
activity
,
event
,
or
style
is
most
common
or
officially
takes
place
•
Tickets
sell
out
quickly
during
the
holiday
season
.
Tickets
sell
out
quickly
during
the
holiday
season
.
•
The
soccer
season
starts
in
late
summer
and
ends
the
following
spring
.
The
soccer
season
starts
in
late
summer
and
ends
the
following
spring
.
verb
-
season
,
seasoning
,
seasons
,
seasoned
to
add
salt
,
herbs
,
or
other
flavorings
to
food
to
make
it
taste
better
•
Remember
to
season
the
soup
with
a
pinch
of
salt
before
serving
.
Remember
to
season
the
soup
with
a
pinch
of
salt
before
serving
.
•
She
likes
to
season
her
chicken
with
rosemary
and
garlic
.
She
likes
to
season
her
chicken
with
rosemary
and
garlic
.
verb
-
season
,
seasoning
,
seasons
,
seasoned
to
make
wood
,
equipment
,
or
a
person
ready
for
use
or
able
to
cope
by
allowing
time
,
experience
,
or
treatment
to
toughen
or
mature
them
•
Carpenters
must
season
the
timber
for
months
before
construction
.
Carpenters
must
season
the
timber
for
months
before
construction
.
•
Years
at
sea
will
season
a
sailor
for
any
storm
.
Years
at
sea
will
season
a
sailor
for
any
storm
.
class
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
period
of
time
when
a
teacher
teaches
a
subject
to
students
•
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
’
clock
.
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
’
clock
.
•
The
teacher
cancelled
today
’
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
The
teacher
cancelled
today
’
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
From
Latin
“
classis
”
meaning
a
group
called
together
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
the
group
of
students
who
are
taught
together
•
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
•
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
one
of
the
groups
that
people
in
society
are
divided
into
according
to
how
much
money
or
status
they
have
•
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
•
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
category
of
things
that
share
the
same
type
or
quality
•
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
•
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
level
of
service
or
comfort
on
planes
,
trains
,
or
other
transport
,
usually
with
its
own
price
•
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
•
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
verb
-
class
,
classing
,
classes
,
classed
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
based
on
shared
qualities
•
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
•
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
noun
elegant
style
,
good
manners
,
and
high
quality
•
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
•
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
biology
,
a
rank
in
scientific
classification
between
phylum
and
order
•
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
•
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
computer
programming
,
a
template
that
defines
the
data
and
actions
of
objects
•
The
programmer
created
a
“
Car
”
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
The
programmer
created
a
“
Car
”
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
•
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
good
,
impressive
,
or
stylish
•
That
was
a
class
goal
!
That
was
a
class
goal
!
•
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
base
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
the
bottom
part
of
something
that
supports
the
rest
of
it
•
The
statue
toppled
when
its
base
cracked
.
The
statue
toppled
when
its
base
cracked
.
•
She
placed
the
lamp
firmly
on
the
base
of
the
table
.
She
placed
the
lamp
firmly
on
the
base
of
the
table
.
From
Latin
"
basis
"
via
Old
French
,
originally
from
Greek
"
basis
"
meaning
“
step
,
pedestal
.”
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
a
place
where
people
live
or
work
from
and
return
to
,
especially
for
military
or
business
activities
•
After
six
months
abroad
,
the
researchers
returned
to
their
base
in
London
.
After
six
months
abroad
,
the
researchers
returned
to
their
base
in
London
.
•
The
new
military
base
was
built
near
the
border
.
The
new
military
base
was
built
near
the
border
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
one
of
the
four
markers
a
runner
must
touch
to
score
in
baseball
•
He
sprinted
to
first
base
after
hitting
the
ball
.
He
sprinted
to
first
base
after
hitting
the
ball
.
•
The
crowd
cheered
when
she
stole
second
base
.
The
crowd
cheered
when
she
stole
second
base
.
verb
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
to
use
something
as
the
main
idea
,
fact
,
or
place
from
which
something
develops
•
Scientists
base
their
conclusions
on
evidence
.
Scientists
base
their
conclusions
on
evidence
.
•
She
based
her
painting
on
a
childhood
memory
.
She
based
her
painting
on
a
childhood
memory
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
a
substance
that
reacts
with
acids
to
form
salts
and
usually
has
a
bitter
taste
and
slippery
feel
•
Sodium
hydroxide
is
a
strong
base
used
in
soap
making
.
Sodium
hydroxide
is
a
strong
base
used
in
soap
making
.
•
When
you
mix
an
acid
with
a
base
,
you
get
water
and
salt
.
When
you
mix
an
acid
with
a
base
,
you
get
water
and
salt
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
the
number
or
side
that
is
used
as
a
reference
point
in
mathematics
,
such
as
the
lower
side
of
a
shape
or
the
number
that
is
raised
to
a
power
•
In
2³
,
the
base
is
2
.
In
2³
,
the
base
is
2
.
•
The
pyramid
’
s
base
measures
150
meters
on
each
side
.
The
pyramid
’
s
base
measures
150
meters
on
each
side
.
adjective
-
base
,
baser
,
basest
showing
a
lack
of
honor
or
moral
principles
;
low
or
vile
•
It
was
a
base
act
to
cheat
his
own
friends
.
It
was
a
base
act
to
cheat
his
own
friends
.
•
The
novel
portrays
the
base
instincts
of
human
greed
.
The
novel
portrays
the
base
instincts
of
human
greed
.
camera
noun
A
device
with
a
lens
that
captures
photographs
or
moving
images
.
•
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
•
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
Mid-19th
century
from
Latin
camera
obscura
,
literally
‘
dark
chamber
’,
the
early
photographic
device
.
noun
(
anatomy
,
technical
)
A
chamber
or
cavity
within
a
living
organism
,
especially
one
of
the
chambers
of
the
eye
.
•
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
•
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
From
Latin
camera
‘
chamber
’,
adopted
in
anatomical
terminology
for
enclosed
spaces
within
organs
.
east
noun
-
east
the
direction
on
a
compass
that
is
at
a
right
angle
to
north
and
south
,
where
the
sun
rises
•
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
.
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
.
•
Our
cabin
faces
the
east
so
mornings
are
bright
.
Our
cabin
faces
the
east
so
mornings
are
bright
.
Old
English
ēast
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*aust-
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Indo-European
*aus-
meaning
“
to
shine
,
dawn
”.
adjective
located
in
,
facing
,
or
coming
from
the
direction
of
east
•
The
east
wing
of
the
museum
is
being
renovated
.
The
east
wing
of
the
museum
is
being
renovated
.
•
A
cool
breeze
blew
through
the
east
window
.
A
cool
breeze
blew
through
the
east
window
.
Formed
from
the
noun
"
east
"
used
attributively
before
the
12th
century
.
adverb
toward
the
east
•
The
migratory
birds
fly
east
each
spring
.
The
migratory
birds
fly
east
each
spring
.
•
Drive
east
for
two
miles
and
you'll
see
the
sign
.
Drive
east
for
two
miles
and
you'll
see
the
sign
.
Adverbial
use
of
the
noun
"
east
"
attested
since
Old
English
.
disease
noun
an
illness
or
medical
condition
that
harms
a
person
’
s
or
animal
’
s
body
or
mind
and
often
shows
clear
signs
or
symptoms
•
Regular
exercise
can
help
prevent
heart
disease
.
Regular
exercise
can
help
prevent
heart
disease
.
•
The
new
vaccine
protects
children
from
the
disease
.
The
new
vaccine
protects
children
from
the
disease
.
noun
a
harmful
condition
that
attacks
and
damages
plants
,
making
them
grow
poorly
or
die
•
The
farmer
sprayed
the
field
to
stop
the
wheat
disease
from
spreading
.
The
farmer
sprayed
the
field
to
stop
the
wheat
disease
from
spreading
.
•
Leaf
spots
are
a
common
disease
in
tomato
plants
.
Leaf
spots
are
a
common
disease
in
tomato
plants
.
noun
something
very
harmful
in
society
,
an
organization
,
or
a
person
’
s
mind
that
spreads
and
causes
serious
damage
,
like
an
illness
•
Racism
is
a
disease
that
divides
communities
.
Racism
is
a
disease
that
divides
communities
.
•
Some
say
greed
is
the
real
disease
of
modern
capitalism
.
Some
say
greed
is
the
real
disease
of
modern
capitalism
.
increase
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
to
become
larger
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
level
,
or
to
make
something
become
larger
•
Prices
usually
increase
before
the
holidays
.
Prices
usually
increase
before
the
holidays
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
increase
the
font
size
so
everyone
could
read
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
increase
the
font
size
so
everyone
could
read
.
From
Latin
'increscere'
meaning
'to
grow
into'
,
via
Old
French
'encroistre'
.
noun
a
rise
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
level
•
There
was
a
sharp
increase
in
online
sales
last
year
.
There
was
a
sharp
increase
in
online
sales
last
year
.
•
An
increase
in
temperature
can
melt
the
ice
quickly
.
An
increase
in
temperature
can
melt
the
ice
quickly
.
Derived
from
the
verb
sense
dating
back
to
Middle
English
,
originally
‘
growth
’
or
‘
ascent
’.
past
preposition
later
than
a
particular
moment
in
time
•
It
is
already
ten
minutes
past
nine
.
It
is
already
ten
minutes
past
nine
.
•
She
studied
past
midnight
to
prepare
for
the
exam
.
She
studied
past
midnight
to
prepare
for
the
exam
.
preposition
on
the
farther
side
of
;
beyond
a
place
or
object
•
The
boy
ran
past
the
ice-cream
truck
laughing
loudly
.
The
boy
ran
past
the
ice-cream
truck
laughing
loudly
.
•
We
drove
past
the
stadium
on
our
way
home
.
We
drove
past
the
stadium
on
our
way
home
.
adjective
happening
or
existing
before
the
present
time
;
finished
•
We
should
learn
from
past
mistakes
.
We
should
learn
from
past
mistakes
.
•
The
past
week
has
been
exhausting
for
everyone
.
The
past
week
has
been
exhausting
for
everyone
.
noun
the
time
before
the
present
;
what
has
already
happened
•
We
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
past
.
We
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
past
.
•
He
never
talks
about
his
troubled
past
.
He
never
talks
about
his
troubled
past
.
adverb
moving
by
or
beyond
a
place
or
point
•
The
cyclist
sped
past
before
I
could
wave
.
The
cyclist
sped
past
before
I
could
wave
.
•
A
train
roared
past
the
station
at
full
speed
.
A
train
roared
past
the
station
at
full
speed
.
glass
noun
-
glass
a
hard
,
clear
material
that
you
can
see
through
,
used
for
windows
,
bottles
,
and
many
other
objects
•
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
•
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Old
English
glas
‘
glass
,
mirror
,
hourglass
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*glasam
.
noun
-
glass
,
glasses
a
cup
,
usually
made
of
glass
,
that
you
drink
from
;
also
the
amount
of
liquid
it
holds
•
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
•
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
to
fit
or
cover
something
with
sheets
or
panes
of
glass
•
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
•
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
informal
:
to
hit
someone
in
the
face
with
a
drinking
glass
so
that
it
breaks
and
cuts
them
•
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
•
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
measure
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
discover
the
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
of
something
using
a
tool
or
numbers
•
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
’
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
’
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
•
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
noun
a
standard
quantity
that
people
agree
on
and
use
for
comparing
or
counting
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
,
such
as
a
cup
,
meter
,
or
kilogram
•
The
recipe
calls
for
one
measure
of
olive
oil
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
measure
of
olive
oil
.
•
A
meter
is
a
common
measure
of
length
used
in
science
classes
.
A
meter
is
a
common
measure
of
length
used
in
science
classes
.
From
Middle
English
mesure
,
from
Old
French
mesure
,
from
Latin
mēnsūra
“
a
measuring
,
rule
,
standard
”.
noun
-
measure
the
act
or
process
of
finding
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
•
The
tailor
took
the
customer
’
s
measure
before
sewing
the
suit
.
The
tailor
took
the
customer
’
s
measure
before
sewing
the
suit
.
•
Scientists
keep
constant
measure
of
the
temperature
inside
the
lab
.
Scientists
keep
constant
measure
of
the
temperature
inside
the
lab
.
noun
an
action
or
plan
done
to
achieve
a
particular
result
or
to
solve
a
problem
•
Installing
cameras
was
a
security
measure
at
the
bank
.
Installing
cameras
was
a
security
measure
at
the
bank
.
•
The
city
introduced
water-saving
measures
during
the
drought
.
The
city
introduced
water-saving
measures
during
the
drought
.
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
judge
the
importance
,
value
,
or
effect
of
something
•
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
•
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
noun
in
music
,
a
group
of
beats
between
two
bar
lines
on
a
staff
•
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
the
band
off
beat
.
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
the
band
off
beat
.
•
Each
measure
in
this
song
has
four
quarter
notes
.
Each
measure
in
this
song
has
four
quarter
notes
.
gas
noun
-
gas
Fuel
in
the
form
of
natural
gas
that
is
piped
to
homes
and
buildings
for
cooking
or
heating
.
•
We
cook
dinner
on
a
stove
that
runs
on
gas
.
We
cook
dinner
on
a
stove
that
runs
on
gas
.
•
The
utility
company
lowered
its
gas
prices
this
winter
.
The
utility
company
lowered
its
gas
prices
this
winter
.
noun
-
gas
(
US
informal
)
The
liquid
fuel
,
gasoline
,
used
in
car
and
truck
engines
.
•
We
stopped
to
buy
gas
before
driving
across
the
desert
.
We
stopped
to
buy
gas
before
driving
across
the
desert
.
•
The
price
of
gas
rose
again
last
week
.
The
price
of
gas
rose
again
last
week
.
noun
-
gas
,
gases
A
substance
like
air
that
spreads
in
all
directions
and
has
no
fixed
shape
or
volume
.
•
Steam
is
water
in
the
form
of
gas
.
Steam
is
water
in
the
form
of
gas
.
•
When
you
blow
up
a
balloon
,
the
gas
inside
makes
it
expand
.
When
you
blow
up
a
balloon
,
the
gas
inside
makes
it
expand
.
noun
-
gas
Air
that
builds
up
inside
the
stomach
or
intestines
and
can
make
you
burp
or
fart
.
•
After
eating
beans
,
he
had
a
lot
of
gas
in
his
stomach
.
After
eating
beans
,
he
had
a
lot
of
gas
in
his
stomach
.
•
She
excused
herself
to
avoid
passing
gas
in
the
meeting
.
She
excused
herself
to
avoid
passing
gas
in
the
meeting
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
fill
a
vehicle
,
machine
,
or
container
with
fuel
.
•
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
•
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
noun
-
gas
,
gases
(
Slang
)
Something
or
someone
that
is
very
funny
or
enjoyable
.
•
That
comedy
show
was
a
real
gas
!
That
comedy
show
was
a
real
gas
!
•
Grandpa
is
such
a
gas
when
he
tells
his
old
stories
.
Grandpa
is
such
a
gas
when
he
tells
his
old
stories
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
kill
or
injure
people
or
animals
by
using
poisonous
gas
.
•
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
•
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
(
Informal
)
To
talk
a
lot
,
especially
in
a
silly
or
boring
way
.
•
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
•
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
sea
noun
the
vast
body
of
salty
water
that
covers
most
of
the
Earth
’
s
surface
•
On
a
hot
summer
day
,
the
children
ran
straight
into
the
cool
sea
to
splash
and
play
.
On
a
hot
summer
day
,
the
children
ran
straight
into
the
cool
sea
to
splash
and
play
.
•
At
dawn
,
a
fisherman
steered
his
small
boat
out
onto
the
calm
sea
.
At
dawn
,
a
fisherman
steered
his
small
boat
out
onto
the
calm
sea
.
Old
English
“
sæ
”,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
“
zee
”
and
German
“
See
”.
noun
a
specific
part
of
the
world
ocean
that
has
its
own
name
and
is
partly
enclosed
by
land
•
The
Mediterranean
Sea
is
famous
for
its
clear
blue
water
and
ancient
coastal
towns
.
The
Mediterranean
Sea
is
famous
for
its
clear
blue
water
and
ancient
coastal
towns
.
•
Scientists
are
studying
the
shrinking
of
the
Aral
Sea
in
Central
Asia
.
Scientists
are
studying
the
shrinking
of
the
Aral
Sea
in
Central
Asia
.
noun
the
condition
of
the
ocean
’
s
surface
,
especially
regarding
the
height
and
strength
of
its
waves
•
A
heavy
sea
rocked
the
fishing
trawler
during
the
night
.
A
heavy
sea
rocked
the
fishing
trawler
during
the
night
.
•
After
the
storm
passed
,
the
sea
finally
settled
and
the
captain
relaxed
.
After
the
storm
passed
,
the
sea
finally
settled
and
the
captain
relaxed
.
noun
a
very
large
number
or
wide
expanse
of
something
,
used
figuratively
for
emphasis
•
I
looked
out
at
a
sea
of
colorful
umbrellas
on
the
crowded
beach
.
I
looked
out
at
a
sea
of
colorful
umbrellas
on
the
crowded
beach
.
•
She
felt
lost
in
a
sea
of
information
while
researching
online
.
She
felt
lost
in
a
sea
of
information
while
researching
online
.
task
noun
a
piece
of
work
or
duty
that
someone
has
to
do
•
Finishing
the
report
was
the
most
difficult
task
of
the
day
.
Finishing
the
report
was
the
most
difficult
task
of
the
day
.
•
The
teacher
gave
each
student
a
small
cleaning
task
after
class
.
The
teacher
gave
each
student
a
small
cleaning
task
after
class
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
North
French
tasque
,
from
Medieval
Latin
tasca
"
tax
,
service
",
ultimately
from
Latin
taxare
"
to
evaluate
,
handle
".
verb
to
give
someone
a
job
or
duty
to
do
•
The
manager
tasked
Mia
with
organizing
the
company
picnic
.
The
manager
tasked
Mia
with
organizing
the
company
picnic
.
•
We
have
been
tasked
to
design
a
new
logo
by
Friday
.
We
have
been
tasked
to
design
a
new
logo
by
Friday
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
single
program
or
process
being
handled
by
a
computer
•
The
phone
froze
because
too
many
tasks
were
running
at
once
.
The
phone
froze
because
too
many
tasks
were
running
at
once
.
•
You
can
end
an
unresponsive
program
in
the
Task
Manager
.
You
can
end
an
unresponsive
program
in
the
Task
Manager
.
easily
adverb
in
a
way
that
needs
little
or
no
effort
or
thought
;
without
difficulty
•
Mia
lifted
the
lightweight
box
easily
with
one
hand
.
Mia
lifted
the
lightweight
box
easily
with
one
hand
.
•
After
weeks
of
practice
,
Luis
can
now
run
five
kilometers
easily
.
After
weeks
of
practice
,
Luis
can
now
run
five
kilometers
easily
.
From
Middle
English
esely
,
from
Old
French
aisément
(“
comfortably
,
readily
”),
from
aise
(“
ease
”).
adverb
used
to
emphasize
that
something
is
by
far
the
greatest
,
best
,
worst
,
or
most
extreme
of
its
kind
•
That
was
easily
the
funniest
movie
I
have
seen
this
year
.
That
was
easily
the
funniest
movie
I
have
seen
this
year
.
•
Leah
is
easily
the
fastest
swimmer
on
the
team
.
Leah
is
easily
the
fastest
swimmer
on
the
team
.
adverb
likely
or
possibly
;
used
to
show
that
something
could
happen
or
be
true
without
much
effort
or
that
it
almost
happened
•
We
could
easily
miss
the
train
if
we
don't
leave
now
.
We
could
easily
miss
the
train
if
we
don't
leave
now
.
•
He
could
easily
have
forgotten
your
address
.
He
could
easily
have
forgotten
your
address
.
basis
noun
-
basis
,
bases
the
underlying
support
,
reason
,
or
foundation
for
an
idea
,
argument
,
plan
,
or
process
•
Her
accusation
had
no
real
basis
and
was
dismissed
.
Her
accusation
had
no
real
basis
and
was
dismissed
.
•
Trust
forms
the
basis
of
any
strong
friendship
.
Trust
forms
the
basis
of
any
strong
friendship
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Latin
,
from
Greek
“
basis
”
meaning
‘
step
,
foundation
’.
noun
-
basis
,
bases
a
particular
interval
,
pattern
,
or
system
used
to
describe
how
often
or
in
what
way
something
happens
•
The
bus
runs
on
an
hourly
basis
.
The
bus
runs
on
an
hourly
basis
.
•
They
meet
on
a
weekly
basis
to
discuss
progress
.
They
meet
on
a
weekly
basis
to
discuss
progress
.
noun
-
basis
,
bases
Mathematics
:
a
set
of
independent
vectors
that
can
be
combined
to
produce
every
vector
in
a
particular
vector
space
•
In
three-dimensional
space
,
the
vectors
i
,
j
,
and
k
form
a
standard
basis
.
In
three-dimensional
space
,
the
vectors
i
,
j
,
and
k
form
a
standard
basis
.
•
Changing
the
basis
can
simplify
the
matrix
representation
of
a
transformation
.
Changing
the
basis
can
simplify
the
matrix
representation
of
a
transformation
.
noun
-
basis
,
bases
Finance
:
the
original
cost
or
value
of
an
asset
used
to
calculate
profit
or
loss
when
it
is
sold
•
Subtract
the
property's
basis
from
the
selling
price
to
find
the
gain
.
Subtract
the
property's
basis
from
the
selling
price
to
find
the
gain
.
•
Improvements
can
increase
the
basis
of
an
asset
for
tax
purposes
.
Improvements
can
increase
the
basis
of
an
asset
for
tax
purposes
.
basic
adjective
simple
and
without
extra
features
or
decoration
•
She
prefers
a
basic
black
dress
that
she
can
wear
anywhere
.
She
prefers
a
basic
black
dress
that
she
can
wear
anywhere
.
•
We
stayed
in
a
basic
cabin
with
no
electricity
.
We
stayed
in
a
basic
cabin
with
no
electricity
.
noun
the
simplest
and
most
essential
facts
,
ideas
,
or
skills
of
a
subject
•
The
course
starts
with
the
basics
of
first
aid
.
The
course
starts
with
the
basics
of
first
aid
.
•
Before
you
cook
complex
dishes
,
master
the
basics
like
boiling
an
egg
.
Before
you
cook
complex
dishes
,
master
the
basics
like
boiling
an
egg
.
adjective
forming
the
essential
foundation
of
something
;
fundamental
•
Before
diving
into
advanced
moves
,
the
coach
taught
the
swimmers
the
basic
techniques
.
Before
diving
into
advanced
moves
,
the
coach
taught
the
swimmers
the
basic
techniques
.
•
Everyone
must
understand
the
basic
safety
rules
before
entering
the
lab
.
Everyone
must
understand
the
basic
safety
rules
before
entering
the
lab
.
From
base
+
-ic
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
19th
century
.
adjective
in
chemistry
,
having
the
properties
of
a
base
;
alkaline
•
Ammonia
solution
is
basic
and
can
be
used
to
neutralize
acids
.
Ammonia
solution
is
basic
and
can
be
used
to
neutralize
acids
.
•
Litmus
paper
turns
blue
in
a
basic
environment
.
Litmus
paper
turns
blue
in
a
basic
environment
.
adjective
informal
,
disapproving
–
considered
unoriginal
,
mainstream
,
or
predictable
•
He
called
the
coffee
shop
too
basic
because
they
only
served
vanilla
lattes
.
He
called
the
coffee
shop
too
basic
because
they
only
served
vanilla
lattes
.
•
"
Pumpkin
spice
again
?
You're
so
basic
!"
her
friend
teased
.
"
Pumpkin
spice
again
?
You're
so
basic
!"
her
friend
teased
.
Gained
its
present
slang
sense
in
early
2000s
American
English
,
emerging
from
college
and
internet
culture
.
Christmas
noun
-
Christmas
the
Christian
festival
celebrated
on
25
December
to
mark
the
birth
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
the
holiday
period
around
that
date
•
Every
year
,
our
family
gathers
for
Christmas
dinner
at
my
grandmother
’
s
house
.
Every
year
,
our
family
gathers
for
Christmas
dinner
at
my
grandmother
’
s
house
.
•
The
children
were
excited
to
open
their
presents
on
Christmas
morning
.
The
children
were
excited
to
open
their
presents
on
Christmas
morning
.
Old
English
Cristes
mæsse
“
mass
of
Christ
,”
referring
to
a
church
service
celebrating
Jesus
’
s
birth
;
over
time
it
came
to
mean
the
festival
itself
.
interjection
used
as
a
mild
exclamation
to
show
surprise
,
frustration
,
or
annoyance
•
Christmas
!
I
left
my
wallet
at
home
again
.
Christmas
!
I
left
my
wallet
at
home
again
.
•
Christmas
—
that
was
a
close
call
!
Christmas
—
that
was
a
close
call
!
Originates
from
using
the
sacred
name
in
a
non-religious
context
as
a
euphemism
for
stronger
oaths
,
attested
in
British
English
since
the
19th
century
.
master
noun
a
person
who
is
extremely
skilled
or
highly
respected
as
an
expert
in
a
particular
activity
,
craft
,
or
subject
•
After
years
of
practice
,
she
became
a
master
of
the
violin
.
After
years
of
practice
,
she
became
a
master
of
the
violin
.
•
The
chef
was
known
as
the
master
of
French
pastries
in
the
city
.
The
chef
was
known
as
the
master
of
French
pastries
in
the
city
.
From
Old
English
mægester
via
Latin
magister
meaning
‘
teacher
’
or
‘
chief
’.
noun
a
man
who
has
control
or
authority
over
people
,
animals
,
or
things
•
The
dog
waited
patiently
for
its
master
to
return
home
.
The
dog
waited
patiently
for
its
master
to
return
home
.
•
Sailors
followed
every
command
from
the
ship
’
s
master
.
Sailors
followed
every
command
from
the
ship
’
s
master
.
Same
root
as
sense
1
,
expanding
to
meanings
of
authority
during
Middle
English
.
verb
-
master
,
mastering
,
masters
,
mastered
to
learn
,
understand
,
or
control
something
so
completely
that
you
can
use
it
very
well
•
It
took
her
months
to
master
the
new
software
.
It
took
her
months
to
master
the
new
software
.
•
He
finally
mastered
the
art
of
baking
sourdough
bread
.
He
finally
mastered
the
art
of
baking
sourdough
bread
.
Verb
sense
emerged
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
become
master
of
’
from
Middle
English
.
noun
the
original
version
of
a
recording
,
document
,
or
file
from
which
all
copies
are
made
•
Engineers
carefully
stored
the
studio
master
to
keep
the
sound
quality
perfect
.
Engineers
carefully
stored
the
studio
master
to
keep
the
sound
quality
perfect
.
•
Always
back
up
the
project
’
s
master
file
before
making
major
edits
.
Always
back
up
the
project
’
s
master
file
before
making
major
edits
.
Technological
sense
arose
in
the
20th
century
from
‘
master
copy
’,
the
model
for
duplication
.
adjective
main
,
most
important
,
or
having
overall
control
•
The
engineer
checked
the
master
switch
before
starting
the
machine
.
The
engineer
checked
the
master
switch
before
starting
the
machine
.
•
We
need
a
master
plan
before
we
begin
the
project
.
We
need
a
master
plan
before
we
begin
the
project
.
Adjectival
use
appeared
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
things
with
commanding
importance
.
basically
adverb
in
the
most
important
or
fundamental
way
;
essentially
•
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
•
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Formed
from
basic
+
-ally
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
mean
“
in
a
basic
manner
.”
adverb
used
in
conversation
to
introduce
or
emphasize
a
simple
summary
of
what
you
mean
•
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
•
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Same
origin
as
the
fundamental
sense
;
its
use
as
a
discourse
marker
became
common
in
the
late
20th
century
.
am
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
the
form
of
the
verb
“
be
”
that
is
used
with
“
I
”
in
the
present
tense
•
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
•
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
From
Old
English
“
eom
”,
first-person
singular
of
“
beon/bēo
”,
related
to
German
“
bin
”
and
Latin
“
sum
”.
extra
adjective
added
to
what
is
usual
,
expected
,
or
needed
•
Could
you
bring
some
extra
chairs
for
the
guests
?
Could
you
bring
some
extra
chairs
for
the
guests
?
•
I
always
carry
an
extra
pen
in
case
mine
runs
out
.
I
always
carry
an
extra
pen
in
case
mine
runs
out
.
From
Latin
extra
meaning
“
outside
,
beyond
.”
noun
a
thing
that
is
additional
to
what
is
usual
or
expected
•
The
phone
comes
with
an
extra
like
a
protective
case
.
The
phone
comes
with
an
extra
like
a
protective
case
.
•
Put
the
extras
in
the
attic
until
we
need
them
.
Put
the
extras
in
the
attic
until
we
need
them
.
Extension
of
adjective
use
in
early
19th
century
to
label
surplus
items
.
noun
a
person
hired
to
appear
in
a
crowd
or
background
role
in
a
film
,
television
show
,
or
commercial
•
He
worked
as
an
extra
in
a
medieval
battle
scene
.
He
worked
as
an
extra
in
a
medieval
battle
scene
.
•
The
director
asked
the
extras
to
react
with
surprise
.
The
director
asked
the
extras
to
react
with
surprise
.
Film
industry
usage
dates
from
early
1900s
,
shortening
of
“
extra
actor
.”
being
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
present
participle
of
“
be
”;
used
to
show
continuous
action
or
describe
someone
’
s
behaviour
•
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
•
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
“
Being
”
as
a
present
participle
of
“
be
”
dates
back
to
Old
English
,
where
present
participles
were
formed
with
“
-ende
”,
later
becoming
“
-ing
”.
cash
noun
-
cash
money
in
the
form
of
coins
or
banknotes
that
you
can
use
immediately
,
rather
than
cheques
or
credit
cards
•
I
paid
for
the
sandwich
with
cash
because
the
café's
card
machine
was
broken
.
I
paid
for
the
sandwich
with
cash
because
the
café's
card
machine
was
broken
.
•
The
street
musician
had
a
hat
on
the
ground
to
collect
cash
from
passers-by
.
The
street
musician
had
a
hat
on
the
ground
to
collect
cash
from
passers-by
.
Middle
French
caisse
(“
money
box
,
treasury
”)
and
Old
Italian
cassa
,
from
Latin
capsa
(“
box
”).
The
sense
shifted
from
the
container
to
the
money
itself
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
cash
money
that
a
person
or
business
keeps
available
to
spend
immediately
,
especially
as
shown
in
financial
records
•
The
company
kept
extra
cash
on
hand
to
cover
unexpected
repairs
.
The
company
kept
extra
cash
on
hand
to
cover
unexpected
repairs
.
•
Low
cash
flow
forced
the
startup
to
seek
new
investors
.
Low
cash
flow
forced
the
startup
to
seek
new
investors
.
verb
-
cash
,
cashing
,
cashes
,
cashed
to
exchange
a
cheque
,
voucher
,
or
winning
ticket
for
money
•
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
•
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
classroom
noun
a
room
in
a
school
,
college
,
or
other
educational
place
where
lessons
are
taught
•
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
•
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
Formed
from
class
+
room
in
the
late
19th
century
as
schools
expanded
and
needed
dedicated
spaces
for
teaching
.
noun
the
students
who
belong
to
a
particular
class
,
thought
of
together
as
one
group
•
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
•
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
By
extension
from
the
physical
space
to
the
group
of
learners
within
it
,
first
noted
in
education
writings
of
the
early
20th
century
.
coast
noun
the
land
right
next
to
the
sea
or
ocean
,
sometimes
referring
to
a
particular
stretch
of
that
land
•
After
a
long
drive
,
they
finally
reached
the
coast
just
as
the
sun
began
to
set
.
After
a
long
drive
,
they
finally
reached
the
coast
just
as
the
sun
began
to
set
.
•
Many
seabirds
build
nests
along
the
rugged
coast
near
the
old
lighthouse
.
Many
seabirds
build
nests
along
the
rugged
coast
near
the
old
lighthouse
.
verb
to
move
forward
using
only
momentum
,
without
adding
power
or
effort
•
The
cyclist
stopped
pedaling
and
let
the
bike
coast
down
the
hill
.
The
cyclist
stopped
pedaling
and
let
the
bike
coast
down
the
hill
.
•
After
turning
off
the
engine
,
the
small
boat
continued
to
coast
toward
the
wooden
dock
.
After
turning
off
the
engine
,
the
small
boat
continued
to
coast
toward
the
wooden
dock
.
verb
to
succeed
,
progress
,
or
finish
something
very
easily
and
with
little
effort
•
With
her
experience
,
the
chef
could
coast
through
the
dinner
rush
without
breaking
a
sweat
.
With
her
experience
,
the
chef
could
coast
through
the
dinner
rush
without
breaking
a
sweat
.
•
He
thought
he
could
coast
on
his
reputation
,
but
the
audience
expected
more
.
He
thought
he
could
coast
on
his
reputation
,
but
the
audience
expected
more
.
baseball
noun
-
baseball
A
bat-and-ball
sport
played
between
two
teams
of
nine
players
who
take
turns
batting
and
fielding
on
a
diamond-shaped
field
.
•
Every
Saturday
afternoon
,
families
gather
at
the
park
to
watch
the
local
kids'
baseball
league
.
Every
Saturday
afternoon
,
families
gather
at
the
park
to
watch
the
local
kids'
baseball
league
.
•
After
school
,
Carlos
grabs
his
glove
and
heads
to
the
field
to
practice
baseball
with
his
friends
.
After
school
,
Carlos
grabs
his
glove
and
heads
to
the
field
to
practice
baseball
with
his
friends
.
Originated
in
the
United
States
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
evolving
from
earlier
bat-and-ball
games
such
as
rounders
and
cricket
.
noun
A
small
white
leather-covered
ball
with
raised
red
stitching
that
is
hit
and
thrown
in
the
sport
of
baseball
.
•
The
pitcher
rubbed
a
fresh
baseball
between
his
hands
before
the
first
throw
.
The
pitcher
rubbed
a
fresh
baseball
between
his
hands
before
the
first
throw
.
•
Lena
displayed
the
signed
baseball
from
her
favorite
player
on
her
bedroom
shelf
.
Lena
displayed
the
signed
baseball
from
her
favorite
player
on
her
bedroom
shelf
.
Named
directly
from
the
sport
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
1800s
when
standardized
equipment
was
adopted
.
release
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
set
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
free
after
keeping
them
trapped
,
locked
up
,
or
held
•
The
wildlife
ranger
gently
released
the
rescued
fox
into
the
forest
clearing
.
The
wildlife
ranger
gently
released
the
rescued
fox
into
the
forest
clearing
.
•
After
years
of
negotiation
,
the
government
decided
to
release
the
political
prisoners
.
After
years
of
negotiation
,
the
government
decided
to
release
the
political
prisoners
.
Middle
English
relecen
,
from
Old
French
relacier
“
to
let
go
”,
from
Latin
relaxāre
“
to
loosen
”.
noun
the
act
of
setting
someone
or
something
free
•
The
prisoner
’
s
release
came
as
a
surprise
to
the
public
.
The
prisoner
’
s
release
came
as
a
surprise
to
the
public
.
•
The
wildlife
center
celebrated
the
successful
release
of
ten
sea
turtles
.
The
wildlife
center
celebrated
the
successful
release
of
ten
sea
turtles
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
make
information
,
a
product
,
film
,
or
piece
of
music
available
to
the
public
•
The
director
plans
to
release
the
movie
worldwide
next
summer
.
The
director
plans
to
release
the
movie
worldwide
next
summer
.
•
The
software
company
will
release
an
update
to
fix
the
security
bug
.
The
software
company
will
release
an
update
to
fix
the
security
bug
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
stop
holding
or
pressing
something
so
that
it
can
move
,
fall
,
or
operate
•
She
released
the
brake
and
rolled
the
bike
down
the
hill
.
She
released
the
brake
and
rolled
the
bike
down
the
hill
.
•
The
archer
steadied
his
aim
and
released
the
arrow
.
The
archer
steadied
his
aim
and
released
the
arrow
.
noun
a
new
product
,
film
,
song
,
or
piece
of
information
that
has
been
made
available
to
the
public
•
Fans
lined
up
overnight
to
buy
the
latest
game
release
.
Fans
lined
up
overnight
to
buy
the
latest
game
release
.
•
The
album
’
s
release
date
has
been
pushed
back
by
two
weeks
.
The
album
’
s
release
date
has
been
pushed
back
by
two
weeks
.
tea
noun
a
hot
drink
made
by
soaking
dried
leaves
of
the
tea
plant
in
boiling
water
,
usually
served
in
a
cup
•
She
starts
every
morning
with
a
strong
cup
of
tea
.
She
starts
every
morning
with
a
strong
cup
of
tea
.
•
Would
you
like
some
milk
in
your
tea
?
Would
you
like
some
milk
in
your
tea
?
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
mid-17th
century
from
Dutch
“
thee
,”
from
Malay
“
teh
,”
ultimately
from
Min
Chinese
dialects
.
noun
a
cup
,
mug
,
or
pot
of
the
drink
tea
•
I'll
make
us
two
teas
while
we
wait
.
I'll
make
us
two
teas
while
we
wait
.
•
He
ordered
an
iced
tea
to
cool
down
.
He
ordered
an
iced
tea
to
cool
down
.
massive
adjective
very
large
,
heavy
,
and
solid
in
size
or
weight
•
The
castle
gate
was
a
massive
slab
of
oak
reinforced
with
iron
.
The
castle
gate
was
a
massive
slab
of
oak
reinforced
with
iron
.
•
A
massive
elephant
strolled
across
the
dusty
savanna
at
dawn
.
A
massive
elephant
strolled
across
the
dusty
savanna
at
dawn
.
From
Middle
French
massif
“
solid
,
bulky
”,
from
Old
French
masser
“
to
lump
together
”,
ultimately
from
Latin
massa
“
lump
,
mass
”.
adjective
extremely
large
in
amount
,
degree
,
or
importance
•
The
company
announced
a
massive
investment
in
renewable
energy
.
The
company
announced
a
massive
investment
in
renewable
energy
.
•
After
weeks
of
training
,
she
saw
a
massive
improvement
in
her
marathon
time
.
After
weeks
of
training
,
she
saw
a
massive
improvement
in
her
marathon
time
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
impressive
,
exciting
,
or
excellent
•
That
concert
last
night
was
massive
!
That
concert
last
night
was
massive
!
•
Our
team
scored
a
massive
win
in
the
final
minute
.
Our
team
scored
a
massive
win
in
the
final
minute
.
adjective
(
physics
)
having
mass
,
as
opposed
to
being
massless
•
Unlike
photons
,
the
W
and
Z
bosons
are
massive
particles
.
Unlike
photons
,
the
W
and
Z
bosons
are
massive
particles
.
•
The
theory
predicts
a
yet-undiscovered
massive
scalar
field
.
The
theory
predicts
a
yet-undiscovered
massive
scalar
field
.
plastic
noun
a
man-made
material
produced
from
polymers
that
can
be
shaped
when
soft
and
then
hardens
,
used
in
countless
products
•
The
factory
recycles
plastic
bottles
into
new
products
.
The
factory
recycles
plastic
bottles
into
new
products
.
•
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic
floated
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean
near
the
research
boat
.
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic
floated
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean
near
the
research
boat
.
From
Greek
plastikos
“
fit
for
molding
,
capable
of
being
shaped
”,
via
Latin
plasticus
and
French
plastique
,
adopted
into
English
in
the
1600s
to
describe
substances
that
could
be
molded
.
adjective
made
from
plastic
material
•
She
bought
a
plastic
chair
for
the
balcony
.
She
bought
a
plastic
chair
for
the
balcony
.
•
The
food
was
served
on
plastic
plates
at
the
picnic
.
The
food
was
served
on
plastic
plates
at
the
picnic
.
noun
-
plastic
informal
:
a
credit
card
or
the
use
of
credit
cards
as
a
way
to
pay
•
I
left
my
cash
at
home
,
so
I'll
put
it
on
the
plastic
.
I
left
my
cash
at
home
,
so
I'll
put
it
on
the
plastic
.
•
She
cut
up
her
plastic
to
avoid
overspending
.
She
cut
up
her
plastic
to
avoid
overspending
.
adjective
(
of
a
substance
,
idea
,
or
person
)
easily
shaped
,
changed
,
or
influenced
•
A
child's
mind
is
highly
plastic
during
the
first
few
years
of
life
.
A
child's
mind
is
highly
plastic
during
the
first
few
years
of
life
.
•
The
researcher
studied
how
the
brain
remains
plastic
after
injury
.
The
researcher
studied
how
the
brain
remains
plastic
after
injury
.
eastern
adjective
situated
in
or
toward
the
east
part
of
a
place
or
area
.
•
They
moved
to
an
eastern
suburb
to
be
closer
to
the
beach
.
They
moved
to
an
eastern
suburb
to
be
closer
to
the
beach
.
•
The
eastern
side
of
the
mountain
gets
the
first
sunlight
.
The
eastern
side
of
the
mountain
gets
the
first
sunlight
.
Old
English
ēasterne
,
from
ēast
(“
east
”)
+
–ern
(“
directional
suffix
”),
meaning
“
toward
the
east
”.
adjective
(
of
wind
,
weather
,
or
another
moving
force
)
coming
from
the
east
.
•
An
eastern
wind
carried
the
smell
of
the
sea
across
the
town
.
An
eastern
wind
carried
the
smell
of
the
sea
across
the
town
.
•
Sailors
feared
the
strong
eastern
gales
during
winter
.
Sailors
feared
the
strong
eastern
gales
during
winter
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
adjective
:
Old
English
ēasterne
,
with
directional
suffix
–ern
,
later
applied
to
winds
coming
from
that
direction
.
Eastern
adjective
relating
to
the
cultures
,
peoples
,
or
countries
of
the
East
,
especially
Asia
.
•
She
loves
reading
about
Eastern
philosophy
.
She
loves
reading
about
Eastern
philosophy
.
•
Many
Eastern
countries
celebrate
Lunar
New
Year
.
Many
Eastern
countries
celebrate
Lunar
New
Year
.
Capitalized
sense
developed
in
English
during
the
17th
century
to
describe
the
farther
regions
lying
toward
the
rising
sun
,
especially
Asia
.
increasingly
adverb
more
and
more
;
to
a
greater
and
greater
degree
over
time
•
The
coastal
town
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
tourists
each
summer
.
The
coastal
town
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
tourists
each
summer
.
•
Farmers
are
increasingly
turning
to
solar
power
to
run
their
equipment
.
Farmers
are
increasingly
turning
to
solar
power
to
run
their
equipment
.
formed
from
the
adjective
“
increasing
” (
growing
larger
or
greater
)
with
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
”,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
breast
noun
the
white
meat
from
the
front
part
of
a
bird
such
as
a
chicken
or
turkey
•
She
ordered
a
grilled
chicken
breast
with
a
side
of
vegetables
.
She
ordered
a
grilled
chicken
breast
with
a
side
of
vegetables
.
•
Slice
the
turkey
breast
thinly
for
sandwiches
.
Slice
the
turkey
breast
thinly
for
sandwiches
.
noun
either
of
the
two
soft
,
rounded
parts
on
a
woman
’
s
chest
that
produce
milk
to
feed
a
baby
•
The
mother
held
her
baby
close
to
her
breast
to
feed
him
.
The
mother
held
her
baby
close
to
her
breast
to
feed
him
.
•
Doctors
advise
women
to
examine
each
breast
regularly
to
notice
any
unusual
changes
.
Doctors
advise
women
to
examine
each
breast
regularly
to
notice
any
unusual
changes
.
Old
English
brēost
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
borst
and
German
Brust
.
noun
the
front
part
of
a
person
’
s
or
animal
’
s
chest
•
The
knight
’
s
armor
protected
his
breast
from
enemy
arrows
.
The
knight
’
s
armor
protected
his
breast
from
enemy
arrows
.
•
The
robin
puffed
out
its
red
breast
while
singing
on
the
fence
.
The
robin
puffed
out
its
red
breast
while
singing
on
the
fence
.
verb
to
move
upward
and
over
something
so
that
your
chest
reaches
or
passes
its
highest
point
•
The
exhausted
cyclist
finally
breasted
the
steep
hill
and
coasted
down
the
other
side
.
The
exhausted
cyclist
finally
breasted
the
steep
hill
and
coasted
down
the
other
side
.
•
She
breasted
the
tape
first
and
won
the
100-meter
race
.
She
breasted
the
tape
first
and
won
the
100-meter
race
.
era
noun
a
distinct
period
of
history
or
life
that
is
marked
by
particular
events
,
developments
,
or
people
•
The
invention
of
the
internet
marked
the
beginning
of
a
new
era
of
communication
.
The
invention
of
the
internet
marked
the
beginning
of
a
new
era
of
communication
.
•
Many
people
feel
nostalgic
for
the
era
when
vinyl
records
were
popular
.
Many
people
feel
nostalgic
for
the
era
when
vinyl
records
were
popular
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
era
("
number
,
series
,
chronological
epoch
"),
first
used
in
English
in
the
17th
century
to
express
a
fixed
point
in
time
.
noun
in
geology
,
a
major
division
of
geological
time
that
is
longer
than
a
period
and
shorter
than
an
eon
•
Dinosaurs
dominated
the
Earth
during
the
Mesozoic
era
.
Dinosaurs
dominated
the
Earth
during
the
Mesozoic
era
.
•
The
Paleozoic
era
ended
with
a
massive
extinction
event
.
The
Paleozoic
era
ended
with
a
massive
extinction
event
.
Adopted
by
geologists
in
the
19th
century
to
categorize
vast
stretches
of
earth
’
s
history
.
purchase
noun
the
act
of
buying
something
,
or
something
that
has
been
bought
•
Mom
’
s
latest
purchase
was
a
bright
red
bicycle
for
my
little
brother
.
Mom
’
s
latest
purchase
was
a
bright
red
bicycle
for
my
little
brother
.
•
Sam
felt
proud
of
his
first
big
purchase
after
starting
his
new
job
:
a
used
car
in
excellent
condition
.
Sam
felt
proud
of
his
first
big
purchase
after
starting
his
new
job
:
a
used
car
in
excellent
condition
.
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
‘
purchase
’,
literally
“
to
hunt
for
,
obtain
”,
from
‘
pur
’ (
for
)
+
‘
chase
’ (
hunt
).
verb
-
purchase
,
purchasing
,
purchases
,
purchased
to
buy
something
by
paying
money
for
it
•
I
plan
to
purchase
a
new
laptop
during
the
holiday
discounts
.
I
plan
to
purchase
a
new
laptop
during
the
holiday
discounts
.
•
Visitors
must
purchase
tickets
online
before
they
arrive
at
the
museum
.
Visitors
must
purchase
tickets
online
before
they
arrive
at
the
museum
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Anglo-French
‘
purchase
’,
meaning
“
to
obtain
”
or
“
to
hunt
for
.”
noun
a
firm
hold
or
grip
that
gives
mechanical
advantage
when
moving
or
lifting
something
•
The
climber
’
s
boot
slipped
,
and
he
lost
his
purchase
on
the
icy
ledge
.
The
climber
’
s
boot
slipped
,
and
he
lost
his
purchase
on
the
icy
ledge
.
•
Using
a
thick
rope
gave
the
workers
better
purchase
when
hauling
the
crate
onto
the
truck
.
Using
a
thick
rope
gave
the
workers
better
purchase
when
hauling
the
crate
onto
the
truck
.
Early
use
extended
from
the
idea
of
‘
gain
’
or
‘
obtaining
’
to
the
sense
of
securing
a
firm
hold
for
leverage
.
pleasure
noun
-
pleasure
a
feeling
of
happiness
and
enjoyment
•
Marco
smiled
with
pleasure
as
he
tasted
the
fresh
strawberries
he
had
just
picked
.
Marco
smiled
with
pleasure
as
he
tasted
the
fresh
strawberries
he
had
just
picked
.
•
The
audience
clapped
in
pleasure
after
the
magician
’
s
final
trick
filled
the
stage
with
confetti
.
The
audience
clapped
in
pleasure
after
the
magician
’
s
final
trick
filled
the
stage
with
confetti
.
Middle
English
plesure
,
from
Old
French
plesir
“
to
please
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
placere
“
to
be
acceptable
,
please
.”
noun
-
pleasure
time
spent
doing
enjoyable
things
rather
than
work
or
duty
•
After
finishing
his
report
,
David
went
for
a
walk
purely
for
pleasure
.
After
finishing
his
report
,
David
went
for
a
walk
purely
for
pleasure
.
•
The
cruise
combines
business
and
pleasure
,
with
seminars
in
the
morning
and
sightseeing
in
the
afternoon
.
The
cruise
combines
business
and
pleasure
,
with
seminars
in
the
morning
and
sightseeing
in
the
afternoon
.
noun
an
activity
or
thing
that
makes
you
happy
•
Meeting
you
has
been
a
pleasure
;
I
hope
we
work
together
again
.
Meeting
you
has
been
a
pleasure
;
I
hope
we
work
together
again
.
•
One
of
his
greatest
pleasures
is
listening
to
jazz
records
on
Sunday
mornings
.
One
of
his
greatest
pleasures
is
listening
to
jazz
records
on
Sunday
mornings
.
verb
-
pleasure
,
pleasuring
,
pleasures
,
pleasured
to
make
someone
feel
happy
or
satisfied
•
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
•
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
contrast
noun
a
clear
or
obvious
difference
between
two
or
more
people
,
things
,
or
situations
when
they
are
compared
•
There
was
a
sharp
contrast
between
the
bright
flowers
and
the
dark
,
stormy
sky
.
There
was
a
sharp
contrast
between
the
bright
flowers
and
the
dark
,
stormy
sky
.
•
The
peaceful
village
offered
a
pleasant
contrast
to
the
noisy
city
streets
we
had
just
left
.
The
peaceful
village
offered
a
pleasant
contrast
to
the
noisy
city
streets
we
had
just
left
.
From
Latin
‘
contrastare
’
meaning
‘
to
stand
against
’.
verb
to
compare
two
or
more
things
in
order
to
show
their
differences
,
or
to
be
strikingly
different
from
something
nearby
•
The
author
contrasts
the
hero
’
s
kindness
with
the
villain
’
s
cruelty
.
The
author
contrasts
the
hero
’
s
kindness
with
the
villain
’
s
cruelty
.
•
The
bright
red
scarf
contrasts
sharply
with
her
black
coat
.
The
bright
red
scarf
contrasts
sharply
with
her
black
coat
.
From
Latin
‘
contrastare
’,
literally
‘
to
stand
against
’.
The
stress
shifted
in
English
to
mark
the
verb
form
.
noun
the
degree
of
difference
between
the
darkest
and
lightest
parts
of
an
image
,
screen
,
or
scan
•
She
increased
the
photo
’
s
contrast
to
make
the
shadows
look
deeper
.
She
increased
the
photo
’
s
contrast
to
make
the
shadows
look
deeper
.
•
The
doctor
raised
the
CT
scan
’
s
contrast
so
the
organs
would
appear
more
clearly
.
The
doctor
raised
the
CT
scan
’
s
contrast
so
the
organs
would
appear
more
clearly
.
Adopted
in
photography
and
imaging
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
difference
’.
cast
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
throw
something
forcefully
through
the
air
•
The
knight
cast
his
spear
across
the
moat
.
The
knight
cast
his
spear
across
the
moat
.
•
During
the
board
game
,
Mia
cast
the
dice
onto
the
table
with
a
playful
grin
.
During
the
board
game
,
Mia
cast
the
dice
onto
the
table
with
a
playful
grin
.
Old
English
‘
ceastan
’,
related
to
Old
Norse
‘
kasta
’
meaning
‘
to
throw
’.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
choose
the
actors
who
will
play
the
parts
in
a
movie
,
play
,
or
show
•
The
director
cast
her
favorite
actor
as
the
main
hero
.
The
director
cast
her
favorite
actor
as
the
main
hero
.
•
They
cast
the
musical
last
week
,
and
Julian
got
the
lead
role
.
They
cast
the
musical
last
week
,
and
Julian
got
the
lead
role
.
Meaning
‘
assign
parts
to
actors
’
appeared
in
the
17th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
throwing
’
roles
onto
performers
.
noun
all
the
actors
in
a
play
,
movie
,
or
show
•
The
entire
cast
took
a
bow
after
the
performance
.
The
entire
cast
took
a
bow
after
the
performance
.
•
The
movie
’
s
cast
includes
several
famous
comedians
.
The
movie
’
s
cast
includes
several
famous
comedians
.
Sense
grew
from
‘
people
assigned
to
roles
’
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
hard
protective
shell
,
usually
made
of
plaster
or
fiberglass
,
that
keeps
a
broken
bone
in
place
while
it
heals
•
Jake
wore
a
bright
blue
cast
on
his
arm
for
six
weeks
.
Jake
wore
a
bright
blue
cast
on
his
arm
for
six
weeks
.
•
The
doctor
removed
the
cast
to
check
how
the
bone
was
healing
.
The
doctor
removed
the
cast
to
check
how
the
bone
was
healing
.
Medical
sense
dates
from
the
18th
century
,
when
bandages
were
‘
cast
’
around
limbs
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
shape
metal
,
plaster
,
or
other
liquid
material
by
pouring
it
into
a
mold
where
it
hardens
•
The
sculptor
cast
the
bronze
statue
in
a
single
piece
.
The
sculptor
cast
the
bronze
statue
in
a
single
piece
.
•
Workers
cast
iron
engine
blocks
every
morning
in
the
factory
.
Workers
cast
iron
engine
blocks
every
morning
in
the
factory
.
Industrial
sense
comes
from
the
15th-century
practice
of
‘
casting
’
molten
metal
into
shapes
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
cause
light
,
shadow
,
or
a
look
to
appear
on
a
surface
•
The
tall
trees
cast
long
shadows
over
the
path
.
The
tall
trees
cast
long
shadows
over
the
path
.
•
Candlelight
cast
a
warm
glow
on
the
old
photographs
.
Candlelight
cast
a
warm
glow
on
the
old
photographs
.
From
the
sense
of
‘
throwing
’
light
or
shadow
outward
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
throw
a
fishing
line
or
net
into
the
water
•
He
cast
his
line
and
waited
for
a
bite
.
He
cast
his
line
and
waited
for
a
bite
.
•
The
children
laughed
as
they
cast
tiny
nets
from
the
pier
.
The
children
laughed
as
they
cast
tiny
nets
from
the
pier
.
Fishing
sense
recorded
since
the
15th
century
,
based
on
‘
throw
’.
noun
an
object
or
replica
made
by
pouring
a
liquid
material
into
a
mold
and
letting
it
harden
•
The
museum
displayed
a
cast
of
the
dinosaur
footprint
.
The
museum
displayed
a
cast
of
the
dinosaur
footprint
.
•
We
ordered
a
bronze
cast
of
the
company
logo
for
the
lobby
.
We
ordered
a
bronze
cast
of
the
company
logo
for
the
lobby
.
Object
sense
evolved
directly
from
the
verb
meaning
‘
to
shape
by
casting
’.
pass
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
hand
something
to
someone
•
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
•
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
go
by
someone
or
something
,
moving
ahead
of
them
•
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
•
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
reach
the
required
standard
in
an
exam
,
test
,
or
inspection
•
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
•
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
official
card
,
ticket
,
or
document
that
allows
someone
to
enter
,
travel
,
or
use
something
•
You
need
a
parking
pass
to
leave
your
car
here
.
You
need
a
parking
pass
to
leave
your
car
here
.
•
He
showed
his
backstage
pass
to
the
guard
.
He
showed
his
backstage
pass
to
the
guard
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
result
in
an
exam
or
test
that
is
not
a
fail
•
She
got
a
pass
in
chemistry
and
a
distinction
in
physics
.
She
got
a
pass
in
chemistry
and
a
distinction
in
physics
.
•
The
teacher
marked
each
paper
as
a
pass
or
fail
.
The
teacher
marked
each
paper
as
a
pass
or
fail
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
(
of
time
)
to
go
by
or
elapse
•
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
•
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
politely
refuse
or
decline
an
offer
or
opportunity
•
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
•
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
narrow
route
through
mountains
or
hills
that
people
or
vehicles
can
travel
•
The
hikers
crossed
the
high
pass
before
sunset
.
The
hikers
crossed
the
high
pass
before
sunset
.
•
A
sudden
snowstorm
blocked
the
mountain
pass
.
A
sudden
snowstorm
blocked
the
mountain
pass
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
act
of
throwing
,
kicking
,
or
moving
the
ball
to
a
teammate
in
sports
•
The
quarterback
made
a
perfect
pass
to
the
receiver
.
The
quarterback
made
a
perfect
pass
to
the
receiver
.
•
Her
quick
pass
set
up
the
winning
goal
.
Her
quick
pass
set
up
the
winning
goal
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
die
,
used
as
a
gentle
or
respectful
expression
(
usually
used
in
the
past
tense
)
•
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
•
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
basketball
noun
-
basketball
a
fast-moving
team
sport
in
which
two
teams
try
to
score
by
throwing
a
large
round
ball
through
a
high
hoop
with
a
net
•
Every
Friday
after
school
,
Mia
and
her
friends
play
basketball
on
the
outdoor
court
.
Every
Friday
after
school
,
Mia
and
her
friends
play
basketball
on
the
outdoor
court
.
•
The
Olympics
feature
basketball
games
that
millions
of
people
watch
around
the
world
.
The
Olympics
feature
basketball
games
that
millions
of
people
watch
around
the
world
.
coined
in
1891
by
James
Naismith
,
combining
the
words
“
basket
”
and
“
ball
”
to
describe
the
game
he
invented
using
peach
baskets
as
goals
noun
the
large
round
orange
ball
with
black
seams
that
players
use
in
the
game
of
basketball
•
She
dribbled
the
new
basketball
across
the
court
before
taking
a
shot
.
She
dribbled
the
new
basketball
across
the
court
before
taking
a
shot
.
•
The
old
basketball
lost
air
,
so
it
bounced
unevenly
during
practice
.
The
old
basketball
lost
air
,
so
it
bounced
unevenly
during
practice
.
named
after
the
sport
of
basketball
,
for
which
the
ball
was
specially
designed
in
the
late
19th
century
fast
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
moving
,
happening
,
or
acting
at
high
speed
•
The
cheetah
is
a
very
fast
runner
.
The
cheetah
is
a
very
fast
runner
.
•
She
bought
a
fast
laptop
that
loads
games
in
seconds
.
She
bought
a
fast
laptop
that
loads
games
in
seconds
.
Old
English
fæst
“
firm
,
secure
”,
later
extended
to
speed
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
quickly
;
at
high
speed
•
He
ran
fast
to
catch
the
bus
.
He
ran
fast
to
catch
the
bus
.
•
The
river
flowed
fast
after
the
heavy
rain
.
The
river
flowed
fast
after
the
heavy
rain
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
meaning
“
swift
”,
used
adverbially
since
Middle
English
.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
(
of
a
clock
or
watch
)
showing
a
time
later
than
the
correct
time
•
My
alarm
clock
is
five
minutes
fast
,
so
I
always
arrive
early
.
My
alarm
clock
is
five
minutes
fast
,
so
I
always
arrive
early
.
•
This
watch
runs
fast
and
needs
to
be
adjusted
.
This
watch
runs
fast
and
needs
to
be
adjusted
.
Sense
recorded
from
the
18th
century
,
meaning
a
clock
“
gains
”
time
.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
fixed
firmly
;
difficult
to
move
•
The
door
was
stuck
fast
in
its
frame
.
The
door
was
stuck
fast
in
its
frame
.
•
She
held
fast
to
the
railing
during
the
storm
.
She
held
fast
to
the
railing
during
the
storm
.
Original
meaning
in
Old
English
was
“
firm
,
fixed
”.
verb
to
choose
not
to
eat
food
for
a
period
of
time
,
often
for
religious
or
health
reasons
•
Muslims
fast
from
dawn
to
sunset
during
Ramadan
.
Muslims
fast
from
dawn
to
sunset
during
Ramadan
.
•
Some
people
fast
once
a
week
for
health
benefits
.
Some
people
fast
once
a
week
for
health
benefits
.
Old
English
fæstan
“
to
observe
abstinence
”,
related
to
the
noun
form
.
noun
a
period
of
time
during
which
someone
does
not
eat
food
•
The
doctor
asked
her
to
go
on
a
twelve-hour
fast
before
surgery
.
The
doctor
asked
her
to
go
on
a
twelve-hour
fast
before
surgery
.
•
Breaking
the
fast
with
dates
is
a
common
tradition
.
Breaking
the
fast
with
dates
is
a
common
tradition
.
Old
English
fæsten
“
fast
,
fasting
day
”.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
firmly
loyal
and
lasting
(
of
friendship
or
belief
)
•
They
have
been
fast
friends
since
childhood
.
They
have
been
fast
friends
since
childhood
.
•
Her
faith
remained
fast
despite
the
hardships
.
Her
faith
remained
fast
despite
the
hardships
.
Sense
evolved
from
the
older
meaning
“
firmly
fixed
”
to
abstract
ideas
like
loyalty
by
the
14th
century
.
vast
adjective
-
vast
,
vaster
,
vastest
extremely
large
in
size
,
amount
,
or
extent
•
The
Sahara
Desert
stretches
across
a
vast
area
of
northern
Africa
.
The
Sahara
Desert
stretches
across
a
vast
area
of
northern
Africa
.
•
Astronomers
marvel
at
the
vast
number
of
stars
in
the
night
sky
.
Astronomers
marvel
at
the
vast
number
of
stars
in
the
night
sky
.
From
Latin
“
vastus
,”
meaning
empty
,
immense
,
or
desolate
,
which
later
came
to
describe
something
very
large
in
English
during
the
16th
century
.
taste
noun
the
flavour
that
you
notice
when
food
or
drink
is
in
your
mouth
•
The
lemonade
has
a
bright
,
sweet
taste
.
The
lemonade
has
a
bright
,
sweet
taste
.
•
A
dash
of
soy
sauce
improved
the
taste
of
the
fried
rice
.
A
dash
of
soy
sauce
improved
the
taste
of
the
fried
rice
.
From
Middle
English
tast
,
from
Old
French
tast
,
from
Latin
taxāre
“
to
touch
,
handle
,
estimate
.”
noun
the
sense
that
lets
people
and
animals
know
what
something
is
like
when
it
is
in
their
mouth
•
When
you
have
a
cold
,
your
taste
often
becomes
weaker
.
When
you
have
a
cold
,
your
taste
often
becomes
weaker
.
•
Babies
develop
their
sense
of
taste
before
they
are
born
.
Babies
develop
their
sense
of
taste
before
they
are
born
.
verb
-
taste
,
tasting
,
tastes
,
tasted
to
have
a
particular
flavour
•
This
soup
tastes
too
salty
.
This
soup
tastes
too
salty
.
•
The
fruit
tastes
sweeter
when
it
is
fully
ripe
.
The
fruit
tastes
sweeter
when
it
is
fully
ripe
.
verb
-
taste
,
tasting
,
tastes
,
tasted
to
put
a
small
amount
of
food
or
drink
in
your
mouth
to
find
out
what
it
is
like
•
She
tasted
the
sauce
to
see
if
it
needed
more
pepper
.
She
tasted
the
sauce
to
see
if
it
needed
more
pepper
.
•
Please
taste
this
tea
and
tell
me
if
it
is
too
strong
.
Please
taste
this
tea
and
tell
me
if
it
is
too
strong
.
noun
the
ability
to
choose
and
enjoy
things
of
good
quality
or
style
•
She
has
excellent
taste
in
music
and
always
finds
new
bands
before
they
are
famous
.
She
has
excellent
taste
in
music
and
always
finds
new
bands
before
they
are
famous
.
•
His
choice
of
a
simple
black
suit
showed
good
taste
at
the
formal
event
.
His
choice
of
a
simple
black
suit
showed
good
taste
at
the
formal
event
.
noun
a
small
amount
or
sample
of
something
,
especially
food
,
drink
,
or
an
experience
•
Would
you
like
a
taste
of
the
new
chocolate
cake
?
Would
you
like
a
taste
of
the
new
chocolate
cake
?
•
The
trip
gave
her
a
taste
of
life
in
the
countryside
.
The
trip
gave
her
a
taste
of
life
in
the
countryside
.
verb
-
taste
,
tasting
,
tastes
,
tasted
to
experience
something
briefly
,
often
for
the
first
time
•
After
years
of
training
,
she
finally
tasted
victory
.
After
years
of
training
,
she
finally
tasted
victory
.
•
The
young
author
tasted
fame
when
his
first
book
topped
the
charts
.
The
young
author
tasted
fame
when
his
first
book
topped
the
charts
.
agenda
noun
a
written
or
printed
list
of
topics
or
things
to
be
done
and
discussed
at
a
meeting
or
event
,
arranged
in
the
order
you
will
deal
with
them
•
Before
the
meeting
,
Rosa
printed
the
agenda
and
handed
a
copy
to
each
colleague
.
Before
the
meeting
,
Rosa
printed
the
agenda
and
handed
a
copy
to
each
colleague
.
•
The
chairperson
moved
quickly
through
the
agenda
to
finish
before
lunch
.
The
chairperson
moved
quickly
through
the
agenda
to
finish
before
lunch
.
From
Latin
agenda
,
neuter
plural
of
agendum
“
things
to
be
done
”,
from
agere
“
to
do
,
act
”.
noun
a
set
of
goals
or
plans
,
especially
a
hidden
or
personal
reason
for
doing
something
•
Some
critics
believe
the
senator
has
a
hidden
agenda
behind
the
new
law
.
Some
critics
believe
the
senator
has
a
hidden
agenda
behind
the
new
law
.
•
Tom
’
s
only
agenda
is
to
make
sure
the
project
succeeds
.
Tom
’
s
only
agenda
is
to
make
sure
the
project
succeeds
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
idea
of
a
meeting
list
to
mean
the
underlying
list
of
personal
motives
a
person
carries
.
disaster
noun
a
sudden
event
like
an
accident
,
storm
,
or
earthquake
that
causes
a
lot
of
damage
,
injury
,
or
death
•
Disaster
struck
when
the
river
burst
its
banks
and
flooded
the
village
.
Disaster
struck
when
the
river
burst
its
banks
and
flooded
the
village
.
•
The
earthquake
was
the
worst
disaster
the
region
had
seen
in
decades
.
The
earthquake
was
the
worst
disaster
the
region
had
seen
in
decades
.
From
Italian
disastro
,
from
Latin
dis-
“
bad
”
+
astrum
“
star
,”
originally
referring
to
an
ill-starred
event
.
noun
something
that
fails
very
badly
or
goes
completely
wrong
•
My
cake
turned
out
to
be
a
total
disaster
;
it
collapsed
in
the
oven
.
My
cake
turned
out
to
be
a
total
disaster
;
it
collapsed
in
the
oven
.
•
The
new
computer
system
launch
was
a
disaster
,
so
the
company
cancelled
it
.
The
new
computer
system
launch
was
a
disaster
,
so
the
company
cancelled
it
.
fashion
noun
the
popular
style
of
clothing
,
hair
,
or
accessories
that
is
liked
and
followed
at
a
particular
time
•
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
•
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
Middle
English
fasoun
,
from
Old
French
façon
“
appearance
,
manner
”,
from
Latin
factura
“
a
making
”,
from
facere
“
to
make
”.
noun
a
particular
way
or
manner
of
doing
or
saying
something
•
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
•
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
verb
-
fashion
,
fashioning
,
fashions
,
fashioned
to
make
or
shape
something
,
especially
with
the
hands
or
with
careful
effort
•
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
•
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
increased
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
past
tense
and
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
“
increase
,”
meaning
that
something
became
greater
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
•
Sales
increased
after
the
new
commercial
aired
.
Sales
increased
after
the
new
commercial
aired
.
•
The
river
’
s
water
level
increased
overnight
because
of
heavy
rain
.
The
river
’
s
water
level
increased
overnight
because
of
heavy
rain
.
adjective
greater
in
amount
,
size
,
or
level
than
before
•
We
have
to
cover
the
increased
costs
of
materials
.
We
have
to
cover
the
increased
costs
of
materials
.
•
After
the
storm
,
there
was
an
increased
risk
of
flooding
.
After
the
storm
,
there
was
an
increased
risk
of
flooding
.
waste
verb
-
waste
,
wasting
,
wastes
,
wasted
to
use
time
,
money
,
energy
,
or
other
resources
in
a
careless
or
unnecessary
way
•
Don
’
t
waste
water
while
brushing
your
teeth
.
Don
’
t
waste
water
while
brushing
your
teeth
.
•
He
wasted
half
the
afternoon
playing
video
games
.
He
wasted
half
the
afternoon
playing
video
games
.
noun
things
that
people
do
not
want
or
need
and
throw
away
such
as
garbage
,
scrap
,
or
unwanted
chemicals
•
Please
put
your
waste
in
the
recycling
bin
.
Please
put
your
waste
in
the
recycling
bin
.
•
Factories
must
treat
their
chemical
waste
before
releasing
water
.
Factories
must
treat
their
chemical
waste
before
releasing
water
.
From
Old
French
‘
waste
’,
from
Latin
‘
vastum
’
meaning
empty
or
deserted
.
noun
an
unnecessary
or
careless
use
of
something
valuable
such
as
time
,
money
,
or
energy
•
Leaving
the
lights
on
all
day
is
a
waste
of
electricity
.
Leaving
the
lights
on
all
day
is
a
waste
of
electricity
.
•
What
a
waste
of
perfectly
good
food
!
What
a
waste
of
perfectly
good
food
!
noun
solid
or
liquid
material
that
the
body
no
longer
needs
and
passes
out
,
such
as
urine
or
feces
•
The
kidneys
filter
blood
and
remove
liquid
waste
.
The
kidneys
filter
blood
and
remove
liquid
waste
.
•
Proper
hygiene
helps
prevent
illness
caused
by
human
waste
.
Proper
hygiene
helps
prevent
illness
caused
by
human
waste
.
noun
a
large
empty
or
barren
area
where
very
few
plants
grow
or
people
live
•
After
the
fire
,
the
valley
was
a
black
waste
.
After
the
fire
,
the
valley
was
a
black
waste
.
•
Explorers
crossed
the
frozen
wastes
of
the
Arctic
.
Explorers
crossed
the
frozen
wastes
of
the
Arctic
.
waste away
verb
-
waste
away
,
wasting
away
,
wastes
away
,
wasted
away
to
gradually
become
thinner
and
weaker
because
of
illness
or
not
eating
enough
•
My
grandfather
began
to
waste
away
during
his
long
illness
.
My
grandfather
began
to
waste away
during
his
long
illness
.
•
Without
proper
food
,
prisoners
could
waste
away
.
Without
proper
food
,
prisoners
could
waste away
.
reasonable
adjective
sensible
and
fair
;
using
good
judgment
•
It
is
reasonable
to
wear
a
coat
in
cold
weather
.
It
is
reasonable
to
wear
a
coat
in
cold
weather
.
•
The
teacher
made
a
reasonable
request
for
the
students
to
arrive
on
time
.
The
teacher
made
a
reasonable
request
for
the
students
to
arrive
on
time
.
adjective
not
too
high
,
extreme
,
or
large
in
amount
;
moderate
•
The
store
sells
good
shoes
at
reasonable
prices
.
The
store
sells
good
shoes
at
reasonable
prices
.
•
We
found
a
hotel
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
beach
.
We
found
a
hotel
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
beach
.
adjective
fairly
good
and
acceptable
,
though
not
perfect
•
His
French
is
reasonable
for
someone
who
started
last
year
.
His
French
is
reasonable
for
someone
who
started
last
year
.
•
The
car
is
old
but
still
in
reasonable
condition
.
The
car
is
old
but
still
in
reasonable
condition
.
mass
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
amount
of
material
,
or
a
lump
without
a
clear
shape
•
A
dark
mass
of
clouds
gathered
over
the
mountains
.
A
dark
mass
of
clouds
gathered
over
the
mountains
.
•
The
kitten
batted
at
the
soft
mass
of
yarn
on
the
floor
.
The
kitten
batted
at
the
soft
mass
of
yarn
on
the
floor
.
From
Latin
massa
“
kneaded
dough
,
lump
”,
via
Old
French
masse
.
noun
-
mass
,
masses
in
physics
,
the
amount
of
matter
in
an
object
,
usually
measured
in
kilograms
•
The
Moon
’
s
mass
is
only
about
one-eighth
of
Earth
’
s
.
The
Moon
’
s
mass
is
only
about
one-eighth
of
Earth
’
s
.
•
To
calculate
force
,
multiply
an
object
’
s
mass
by
its
acceleration
.
To
calculate
force
,
multiply
an
object
’
s
mass
by
its
acceleration
.
Adopted
by
scientists
in
the
17th
century
to
name
the
measurable
property
of
matter
.
adjective
relating
to
or
involving
a
large
number
of
people
or
things
at
the
same
time
•
The
government
launched
a
mass
vaccination
program
.
The
government
launched
a
mass
vaccination
program
.
•
They
organized
a
mass
wedding
for
fifty
couples
at
the
stadium
.
They
organized
a
mass
wedding
for
fifty
couples
at
the
stadium
.
Adjective
use
grew
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
noun
sense
‘
large
group
’.
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
number
of
ordinary
people
considered
together
as
one
group
•
Cheap
smartphones
have
brought
the
internet
to
the
mass
.
Cheap
smartphones
have
brought
the
internet
to
the
mass
.
•
The
new
policy
was
designed
to
appeal
to
the
mass
rather
than
to
experts
.
The
new
policy
was
designed
to
appeal
to
the
mass
rather
than
to
experts
.
Sense
extended
from
‘
large
amount
’
to
‘
large
group
of
people
’
in
the
19th
century
.
verb
-
mass
,
massing
,
masses
,
massed
to
come
together
or
gather
into
a
large
group
or
lump
•
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
•
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
lump
’.
Mass
noun
-
Mass
a
Christian
church
service
,
especially
in
the
Roman
Catholic
tradition
,
that
includes
Holy
Communion
•
They
go
to
Mass
every
Sunday
morning
.
They
go
to
Mass
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
The
wedding
Mass
lasted
nearly
an
hour
.
The
wedding
Mass
lasted
nearly
an
hour
.
From
Latin
missa
,
meaning
“
dismissal
,”
referring
to
the
closing
words
of
the
service
.
passion
noun
a
very
strong
feeling
of
enthusiasm
or
love
for
an
activity
,
idea
,
or
goal
•
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
•
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
passion
,
from
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
,
emotion
’,
from
patī
‘
to
suffer
’.
noun
a
strong
,
often
overwhelming
feeling
of
romantic
or
sexual
desire
•
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
•
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
meaning
shifted
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
to
include
strong
romantic
desire
.
Passion
noun
-
Passion
(
the
Passion
)
the
suffering
and
death
of
Jesus
Christ
before
and
during
the
crucifixion
•
During
Easter
,
many
churches
stage
plays
about
the
Passion
to
help
believers
reflect
on
Jesus
’
s
sacrifice
.
During
Easter
,
many
churches
stage
plays
about
the
Passion
to
help
believers
reflect
on
Jesus
’
s
sacrifice
.
•
Artists
throughout
history
have
painted
scenes
of
the
Passion
in
vivid
detail
.
Artists
throughout
history
have
painted
scenes
of
the
Passion
in
vivid
detail
.
From
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
’,
adopted
into
Church
Latin
to
describe
Christ
’
s
ordeal
.
breakfast
noun
the
first
meal
of
the
day
,
usually
eaten
in
the
morning
•
We
had
a
big
breakfast
of
pancakes
and
fruit
before
hiking
.
We
had
a
big
breakfast
of
pancakes
and
fruit
before
hiking
.
•
She
never
skips
breakfast
,
even
on
busy
weekdays
.
She
never
skips
breakfast
,
even
on
busy
weekdays
.
From
Middle
English
‘
brekfast
’,
literally
‘
breaking
the
fast
’
after
a
night
’
s
sleep
.
verb
to
eat
breakfast
•
On
Sundays
,
they
love
to
breakfast
on
the
balcony
.
On
Sundays
,
they
love
to
breakfast
on
the
balcony
.
•
The
hikers
breakfasted
early
to
start
before
sunrise
.
The
hikers
breakfasted
early
to
start
before
sunrise
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
‘
breakfast
’,
attested
since
the
15th
century
.
teaspoon
noun
a
very
small
spoon
used
for
stirring
tea
or
coffee
or
for
eating
soft
foods
like
yogurt
or
pudding
•
She
stirred
her
coffee
with
a
small
silver
teaspoon
.
She
stirred
her
coffee
with
a
small
silver
teaspoon
.
•
The
café
placed
a
shiny
teaspoon
beside
every
teacup
.
The
café
placed
a
shiny
teaspoon
beside
every
teacup
.
formed
from
tea
+
spoon
in
the
17th
century
,
when
drinking
tea
became
popular
in
Europe
noun
a
unit
for
measuring
volume
in
cooking
,
equal
to
about
5
milliliters
•
Add
one
teaspoon
of
salt
to
the
soup
.
Add
one
teaspoon
of
salt
to
the
soup
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
three
teaspoons
of
sugar
.
The
recipe
calls
for
three
teaspoons
of
sugar
.
the
utensil
’
s
capacity
became
a
convenient
standard
measure
in
18th-century
cookbooks
,
later
fixed
at
about
5
ml
phase
noun
a
distinct
stage
in
a
process
of
change
,
growth
,
or
development
•
The
project
is
entering
its
final
phase
next
month
.
The
project
is
entering
its
final
phase
next
month
.
•
Toddlers
often
go
through
a
picky-eating
phase
that
worries
parents
.
Toddlers
often
go
through
a
picky-eating
phase
that
worries
parents
.
noun
the
visible
shape
of
the
illuminated
part
of
the
moon
or
a
planet
as
it
is
seen
from
Earth
•
During
the
full-moon
phase
,
the
night
sky
looked
bright
enough
to
read
outside
.
During
the
full-moon
phase
,
the
night
sky
looked
bright
enough
to
read
outside
.
•
The
moon
will
reach
its
crescent
phase
tomorrow
evening
.
The
moon
will
reach
its
crescent
phase
tomorrow
evening
.
noun
the
particular
point
in
the
cycle
of
a
wave
,
or
the
timing
relationship
between
two
repeating
waves
•
If
the
two
speakers
are
out of phase
,
the
sound
will
cancel
out
.
If
the
two
speakers
are
out of phase
,
the
sound
will
cancel
out
.
•
The
technician
adjusted
the
oscillator
’
s
phase
to
match
the
reference
signal
.
The
technician
adjusted
the
oscillator
’
s
phase
to
match
the
reference
signal
.
noun
a
physically
distinct
form
or
state
in
which
matter
can
exist
,
such
as
solid
,
liquid
,
or
gas
•
Water
changes
phase
from
liquid
to
gas
at
100
°C
.
Water
changes
phase
from
liquid
to
gas
at
100
°C
.
•
Dry
ice
skips
the
liquid
phase
and
turns
directly
into
vapor
.
Dry
ice
skips
the
liquid
phase
and
turns
directly
into
vapor
.
verb
-
phase
,
phasing
,
phases
,
phased
to
introduce
,
remove
,
or
carry
out
something
gradually
in
separate
stages
•
The
city
plans
to
phase out
old
buses
over
the
next
five
years
.
The
city
plans
to
phase out
old
buses
over
the
next
five
years
.
•
The
school
will
phase in
the
new
curriculum
starting
this
fall
.
The
school
will
phase in
the
new
curriculum
starting
this
fall
.
wash
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
to
clean
something
or
yourself
with
water
,
usually
with
soap
•
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
•
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
Old
English
‘
wæscan
’,
related
to
German
‘
waschen
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
‘
to
clean
with
water
’.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
clothes
or
other
items
that
need
to
be
,
are
being
,
or
have
just
been
cleaned
with
water
•
I
hung
the
wash
on
the
line
to
dry
.
I
hung
the
wash
on
the
line
to
dry
.
•
The
machine
finished
a
quick
wash
in
thirty
minutes
.
The
machine
finished
a
quick
wash
in
thirty
minutes
.
Developed
from
the
verb
meaning
to
clean
;
recorded
as
a
noun
for
clothes
from
the
late
17th
century
.
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
(
of
water
)
to
flow
over
or
against
something
•
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
•
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
the
cleaning
sense
,
extended
metaphorically
to
moving
water
.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
a
thin
,
watery
layer
of
paint
or
ink
used
to
give
a
light
shade
of
color
•
The
artist
applied
a
blue
wash
over
the
sky
area
of
the
canvas
.
The
artist
applied
a
blue
wash
over
the
sky
area
of
the
canvas
.
•
A
sepia
wash
can
give
drawings
an
antique
look
.
A
sepia
wash
can
give
drawings
an
antique
look
.
Borrowed
into
art
vocabulary
in
the
17th
century
,
likening
the
diluted
paint
to
water
used
for
washing
.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
(
informal
)
a
situation
in
which
the
gains
and
losses
balance
so
that
the
final
effect
is
zero
•
The
extra
cost
was
offset
by
the
discount
,
so
it
was
basically
a
wash
.
The
extra
cost
was
offset
by
the
discount
,
so
it
was
basically
a
wash
.
•
My
winnings
covered
my
losses
at
the
casino
,
making
the
night
a
wash
.
My
winnings
covered
my
losses
at
the
casino
,
making
the
night
a
wash
.
American
English
,
mid-20th
century
,
from
bookkeeping
slang
where
equal
debits
and
credits
‘
wash
out
’.
passenger
noun
a
person
who
is
travelling
in
a
car
,
bus
,
train
,
plane
,
or
boat
but
is
not
driving
or
operating
it
•
A
passenger
sat
by
the
train
window
,
watching
snowy
fields
rush
by
.
A
passenger
sat
by
the
train
window
,
watching
snowy
fields
rush
by
.
•
The
bus
driver
reminded
every
passenger
to
fasten
their
seat
belt
before
departing
.
The
bus
driver
reminded
every
passenger
to
fasten
their
seat
belt
before
departing
.
From
Anglo-Norman
passager
,
from
Old
French
passager
“
traveller
,
passer-by
”,
based
on
passer
“
to
pass
”.
noun
informal
:
someone
in
a
team
or
group
who
lets
others
do
the
work
and
makes
little
or
no
contribution
•
The
coach
warned
that
any
passenger
on
the
team
would
be
benched
.
The
coach
warned
that
any
passenger
on
the
team
would
be
benched
.
•
We
can't
afford
a
passenger
on
this
project
;
everyone
has
to
pitch
in
.
We
can't
afford
a
passenger
on
this
project
;
everyone
has
to
pitch
in
.
passage
noun
a
long
,
narrow
way
inside
or
between
buildings
that
people
can
walk
through
•
We
walked
down
a
dark
passage
to
reach
the
kitchen
.
We
walked
down
a
dark
passage
to
reach
the
kitchen
.
•
The
hotel
rooms
are
connected
by
a
long
carpeted
passage
.
The
hotel
rooms
are
connected
by
a
long
carpeted
passage
.
noun
a
short
part
taken
from
a
book
,
speech
,
or
piece
of
music
•
The
teacher
asked
us
to
read
a
passage
from
the
novel
aloud
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
read
a
passage
from
the
novel
aloud
.
•
She
highlighted
her
favorite
passage
in
the
article
.
She
highlighted
her
favorite
passage
in
the
article
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
travelling
from
one
place
to
another
,
or
the
right
to
travel
through
a
place
•
The
ferry
provides
passage
across
the
river
every
hour
.
The
ferry
provides
passage
across
the
river
every
hour
.
•
Migrating
birds
find
safe
passage
over
the
mountains
in
spring
.
Migrating
birds
find
safe
passage
over
the
mountains
in
spring
.
noun
the
steady
movement
of
time
from
one
point
to
another
•
With
the
passage
of
time
,
old
wounds
healed
.
With
the
passage
of
time
,
old
wounds
healed
.
•
The
monument
has
darkened
over
the
passage
of
decades
.
The
monument
has
darkened
over
the
passage
of
decades
.
noun
a
natural
tube
or
channel
in
the
body
through
which
air
,
liquid
,
or
other
substances
move
•
Food
moves
from
the
mouth
through
the
digestive
passage
to
the
stomach
.
Food
moves
from
the
mouth
through
the
digestive
passage
to
the
stomach
.
•
The
doctor
said
her
nasal
passage
was
blocked
by
swelling
.
The
doctor
said
her
nasal
passage
was
blocked
by
swelling
.
emphasize
verb
-
emphasize
,
emphasizing
,
emphasizes
,
emphasized
to
say
or
show
that
something
is
especially
important
so
people
notice
it
•
The
teacher
emphasized
the
need
to
finish
the
project
on
time
.
The
teacher
emphasized
the
need
to
finish
the
project
on
time
.
•
During
the
meeting
,
the
manager
emphasized
that
safety
comes
first
.
During
the
meeting
,
the
manager
emphasized
that
safety
comes
first
.
From
Greek
"
emphasis
"
meaning
“
appearance
,
showing
”
via
Latin
“
emphasis
”
+
English
verb
suffix
“
-ize
”.
verb
-
emphasize
,
emphasizing
,
emphasizes
,
emphasized
to
make
something
stand
out
or
look
more
noticeable
•
She
wore
a
bright
scarf
to
emphasize
her
outfit
.
She
wore
a
bright
scarf
to
emphasize
her
outfit
.
•
Soft
lighting
can
emphasize
the
texture
of
a
painting
.
Soft
lighting
can
emphasize
the
texture
of
a
painting
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Greek
"
emphainō
"
meaning
“
to
show
”.
emphasise
verb
-
emphasise
,
emphasising
,
emphasises
,
emphasised
to
say
or
show
that
something
is
especially
important
so
people
notice
it
•
The
professor
emphasised
the
key
points
before
the
exam
.
The
professor
emphasised
the
key
points
before
the
exam
.
•
Campaign
posters
emphasise
the
importance
of
recycling
.
Campaign
posters
emphasise
the
importance
of
recycling
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
British
spelling
adopted
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
emphasise
,
emphasising
,
emphasises
,
emphasised
to
make
something
stand
out
or
look
more
noticeable
•
Spotlights
emphasise
the
actor
on
stage
.
Spotlights
emphasise
the
actor
on
stage
.
•
A
thin
frame
can
emphasise
a
painting
without
distracting
from
it
.
A
thin
frame
can
emphasise
a
painting
without
distracting
from
it
.
See
Sense
2
etymology
for
US
variant
;
same
historical
root
with
British
spelling
.
grass
noun
-
grass
,
grasses
A
low
green
plant
with
thin
leaves
that
grows
close
together
and
covers
the
ground
in
fields
,
lawns
,
and
parks
.
•
The
children
ran
barefoot
across
the
soft
grass
.
The
children
ran
barefoot
across
the
soft
grass
.
•
Every
Saturday
morning
,
he
mows
the
grass
in
his
yard
.
Every
Saturday
morning
,
he
mows
the
grass
in
his
yard
.
Old
English
"
græs
"
or
"
gers
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*grasam
,
meaning
"
herb
,
plant
".
noun
-
grass
,
grasses
Informal
:
a
person
who
secretly
gives
information
to
the
police
about
someone
else
’
s
wrongdoing
.
•
The
gang
was
furious
when
they
discovered
the
grass
in
their
midst
.
The
gang
was
furious
when
they
discovered
the
grass
in
their
midst
.
•
No
one
trusts
a
grass
on
the
estate
.
No
one
trusts
a
grass
on
the
estate
.
British
criminal
slang
from
the
late
19th
century
;
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
Romani
"
grās
"
meaning
"
fear
"
or
from
"
grasshopper
" (
rhyming
slang
for
"
copper
").
noun
-
grass
Slang
for
marijuana
.
•
They
sat
on
the
balcony
and
smoked
some
grass
while
watching
the
sunset
.
They
sat
on
the
balcony
and
smoked
some
grass
while
watching
the
sunset
.
•
She
decided
to
quit
grass
because
it
made
her
feel
sluggish
.
She
decided
to
quit
grass
because
it
made
her
feel
sluggish
.
Slang
sense
recorded
from
the
1930s
in
the
United
States
,
likely
deriving
from
the
idea
of
dried
plant
matter
resembling
ordinary
grass
.
verb
-
grass
,
grassing
,
grasses
,
grassed
Informal
:
to
inform
the
police
about
someone
’
s
crime
or
wrongdoing
.
•
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
•
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
Verb
use
derives
from
the
noun
“
grass
”
meaning
informer
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
British
slang
.
mama
noun
one
’
s
mother
,
used
especially
by
young
children
or
as
an
affectionate
form
of
address
•
After
school
,
Liam
ran
straight
into
his
mama's
arms
.
After
school
,
Liam
ran
straight
into
his
mama's
arms
.
•
“
Good
night
,
mama
.
I
love
you
,”
whispered
Zoe
before
turning
off
the
lamp
.
“
Good
night
,
mama
.
I
love
you
,”
whispered
Zoe
before
turning
off
the
lamp
.
From
baby
talk
reduplication
of
ma
,
an
early
vocal
sound
made
by
infants
,
recorded
in
many
languages
for
‘
mother
’.
noun
(
slang
)
an
attractive
or
stylish
woman
•
“
Check
out
that
mama
in
the
red
dress
—
she
owns
the
room
,”
said
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
“
Check
out
that
mama
in
the
red
dress
—
she
owns
the
room
,”
said
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
•
The
song
praises
a
“
hot
mama
”
who
knows
how
to
dance
.
The
song
praises
a
“
hot
mama
”
who
knows
how
to
dance
.
criteria
noun
(
informal
,
non-standard
)
a
single
standard
or
rule
used
to
judge
or
decide
something
•
The
main
criteria
for
my
decision
is
the
school
’
s
location
.
The
main
criteria
for
my
decision
is
the
school
’
s
location
.
•
Cost
is
the
only
criteria
I
’
m
looking
at
right
now
.
Cost
is
the
only
criteria
I
’
m
looking
at
right
now
.
From
the
plural
form
of
‘
criterion
’;
increasingly
used
as
a
singular
in
informal
speech
since
the
late
20th
century
.
Assumption
noun
-
Assumption
In
Roman
Catholic
belief
,
the
taking
of
the
Virgin
Mary
bodily
into
heaven
,
celebrated
on
15
August
.
•
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
•
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
Latin
assumptiō
“
a
taking
up
”;
the
religious
sense
dates
from
the
Middle
Ages
.
phrase
noun
a
small
group
of
words
that
works
as
a
unit
inside
a
sentence
but
does
not
have
both
a
subject
and
a
verb
•
In
the
sentence
“
The
quick
brown
fox
jumps
over
the
lazy
dog
,”
the
phrase
“
quick
brown
fox
”
describes
the
animal
.
In
the
sentence
“
The
quick
brown
fox
jumps
over
the
lazy
dog
,”
the
phrase
“
quick
brown
fox
”
describes
the
animal
.
•
Our
tutor
asked
us
to
underline
every
prepositional
phrase
in
the
paragraph
.
Our
tutor
asked
us
to
underline
every
prepositional
phrase
in
the
paragraph
.
from
Greek
“
phrasis
”
meaning
“
speech
,
way
of
speaking
,”
via
Latin
“
phrasis
”
and
French
“
phrase
”
noun
a
short
well-known
group
of
words
that
people
often
use
together
to
express
a
particular
idea
•
My
grandfather
always
says
the
phrase
“
better
late
than
never
.”
My
grandfather
always
says
the
phrase
“
better
late
than
never
.”
•
I
learned
a
useful
English
phrase
for
thanking
someone
politely
.
I
learned
a
useful
English
phrase
for
thanking
someone
politely
.
noun
a
short
section
of
music
that
sounds
complete
on
its
own
•
The
violin
repeated
the
opening
phrase
softly
.
The
violin
repeated
the
opening
phrase
softly
.
•
The
first
four
bars
form
a
melodic
phrase
that
returns
later
in
the
piece
.
The
first
four
bars
form
a
melodic
phrase
that
returns
later
in
the
piece
.
verb
-
phrase
,
phrasing
,
phrases
,
phrased
to
express
something
using
particular
words
•
Try
to
phrase
your
question
more
clearly
.
Try
to
phrase
your
question
more
clearly
.
•
She
phrased
her
apology
in
a
warm
and
sincere
way
.
She
phrased
her
apology
in
a
warm
and
sincere
way
.
occasion
noun
a
special
event
or
celebration
•
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
•
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
noun
a
particular
time
when
something
happens
•
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
•
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
noun
a
cause
or
reason
for
something
•
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
•
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
noun
a
suitable
time
or
opportunity
to
do
something
•
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
•
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
verb
to
cause
something
to
happen
•
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
•
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
'occaison'
,
from
Latin
'occasio
(
n-
)
'
meaning
‘
juncture
,
reason
’,
from
the
verb
'occidere'
‘
to
fall
,
befall
’.
increasing
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
becoming
greater
or
making
something
become
greater
in
number
,
size
,
or
amount
•
The
population
of
the
city
is
increasing
every
year
.
The
population
of
the
city
is
increasing
every
year
.
•
She
kept
increasing
the
volume
until
the
music
filled
the
room
.
She
kept
increasing
the
volume
until
the
music
filled
the
room
.
Formed
from
the
base
verb
“
increase
”
+
the
present-participle
suffix
“
-ing
”.
adjective
growing
larger
in
number
,
amount
,
or
level
•
There
is
an
increasing
demand
for
electric
cars
.
There
is
an
increasing
demand
for
electric
cars
.
•
Scientists
are
worried
about
increasing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
.
Scientists
are
worried
about
increasing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
.
Derived
from
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
“
increase
”,
used
adjectivally
since
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
increasing
the
act
of
making
something
larger
or
of
becoming
larger
•
The
increasing
of
the
budget
allowed
the
school
to
buy
new
computers
.
The
increasing
of
the
budget
allowed
the
school
to
buy
new
computers
.
•
Regular
exercise
leads
to
the
increasing
of
muscle
strength
.
Regular
exercise
leads
to
the
increasing
of
muscle
strength
.
Gerund
form
of
the
verb
“
increase
”,
functioning
as
a
noun
since
Middle
English
period
.
drama
noun
a
play
or
story
written
to
be
acted
on
stage
,
on
television
,
or
on
radio
•
The
school
is
putting
on
a
drama
about
climate
change
this
Friday
night
.
The
school
is
putting
on
a
drama
about
climate
change
this
Friday
night
.
•
We
watched
a
gripping
crime
drama
on
TV
last
night
.
We
watched
a
gripping
crime
drama
on
TV
last
night
.
from
Greek
“
drāma
”
meaning
“
action
,
deed
,”
from
“
dran
”
to
do
,
perform
noun
the
art
or
activity
of
writing
,
producing
,
or
acting
in
plays
•
He
studied
drama
at
university
before
becoming
an
actor
.
He
studied
drama
at
university
before
becoming
an
actor
.
•
The
after-school
drama
club
meets
every
Wednesday
.
The
after-school
drama
club
meets
every
Wednesday
.
noun
exciting
,
emotional
,
or
unexpected
events
,
often
involving
tension
or
fuss
•
There
was
a
lot
of
drama
when
the
fire
alarm
rang
during
the
ceremony
.
There
was
a
lot
of
drama
when
the
fire
alarm
rang
during
the
ceremony
.
•
I
’
m
tired
of
office
drama
and
gossip
.
I
’
m
tired
of
office
drama
and
gossip
.
formula
noun
a
set
of
symbols
and
numbers
that
shows
a
rule
or
fact
in
mathematics
,
science
,
or
chemistry
•
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
formula
for
water
,
H2O
,
on
the
board
.
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
formula
for
water
,
H2O
,
on
the
board
.
•
If
you
rearrange
this
algebraic
formula
,
you
can
solve
for
x
easily
.
If
you
rearrange
this
algebraic
formula
,
you
can
solve
for
x
easily
.
From
Latin
formula
meaning
“
small
form
,
rule
,”
originally
the
diminutive
of
forma
“
shape
.”
noun
a
fixed
way
of
doing
or
saying
something
that
is
expected
to
give
a
particular
result
•
Hard
work
plus
good
planning
is
his
simple
formula
for
success
.
Hard
work
plus
good
planning
is
his
simple
formula
for
success
.
•
The
bakery
follows
a
secret
formula
to
create
its
famous
sourdough
bread
.
The
bakery
follows
a
secret
formula
to
create
its
famous
sourdough
bread
.
Same
origin
as
scientific
sense
:
Latin
formula
“
rule
,
method
.”
noun
powdered
or
liquid
milk
specially
made
to
feed
babies
instead
of
breast
milk
•
The
mother
mixed
the
baby
formula
with
warm
water
in
a
bottle
.
The
mother
mixed
the
baby
formula
with
warm
water
in
a
bottle
.
•
We
packed
enough
formula
for
the
trip
so
the
infant
wouldn't
go
hungry
.
We
packed
enough
formula
for
the
trip
so
the
infant
wouldn't
go
hungry
.
Named
because
the
mixture
follows
a
fixed
formula
of
nutrients
needed
for
babies
.
classic
adjective
considered
excellent
and
admired
for
a
long
time
•
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
•
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
adjective
very
typical
or
characteristic
of
its
kind
,
often
in
a
familiar
or
predictable
way
•
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
•
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
song
,
car
,
or
other
thing
that
is
widely
considered
outstanding
and
continues
to
be
admired
over
time
•
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
•
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
emphasis
noun
-
emphasis
,
emphases
special
importance
or
attention
given
to
something
•
The
teacher
placed
strong
emphasis
on
honesty
during
the
lesson
.
The
teacher
placed
strong
emphasis
on
honesty
during
the
lesson
.
•
Our
company
puts
great
emphasis
on
customer
satisfaction
.
Our
company
puts
great
emphasis
on
customer
satisfaction
.
Borrowed
in
the
16th
century
from
Latin
emphasis
,
from
Ancient
Greek
ἔμφασις
(
émphasis
)
meaning
"
appearance
,
show
,
importance
".
noun
-
emphasis
,
emphases
extra
loudness
,
force
,
or
visual
style
used
to
make
a
syllable
,
word
,
or
idea
stand
out
•
You
place
the
emphasis
on
the
first
syllable
when
“
present
”
is
a
noun
.
You
place
the
emphasis
on
the
first
syllable
when
“
present
”
is
a
noun
.
•
He
slowed
down
and
used
vocal
emphasis
to
highlight
his
main
point
.
He
slowed
down
and
used
vocal
emphasis
to
highlight
his
main
point
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
the
meaning
of
stressing
a
word
or
syllable
developed
in
English
by
the
late
16th
century
.
fantasy
noun
-
fantasy
,
fantasies
The
power
of
the
imagination
to
create
pictures
or
ideas
that
are
not
real
.
•
As
a
child
,
Mia
often
escaped
into
fantasy
during
long
car
rides
.
As
a
child
,
Mia
often
escaped
into
fantasy
during
long
car
rides
.
•
A
little
fantasy
can
make
a
boring
task
feel
exciting
.
A
little
fantasy
can
make
a
boring
task
feel
exciting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
fantaisie
,
from
Greek
phantasia
meaning
‘
appearance
,
imagination
’.
noun
-
fantasy
,
fantasies
A
picture
,
story
,
or
idea
in
someone
’
s
mind
that
is
not
likely
to
happen
in
real
life
.
•
Leo
’
s
biggest
fantasy
is
to
travel
through
time
and
meet
dinosaurs
.
Leo
’
s
biggest
fantasy
is
to
travel
through
time
and
meet
dinosaurs
.
•
The
novel
explores
the
dark
fantasies
of
its
main
character
.
The
novel
explores
the
dark
fantasies
of
its
main
character
.
noun
-
fantasy
,
fantasies
A
style
of
story
,
film
,
or
game
that
includes
magic
,
strange
creatures
,
or
other
things
that
cannot
exist
in
the
real
world
.
•
The
movie
is
a
high-budget
fantasy
filled
with
dragons
and
wizards
.
The
movie
is
a
high-budget
fantasy
filled
with
dragons
and
wizards
.
•
Emily
loves
reading
fantasies
with
complex
magical
worlds
.
Emily
loves
reading
fantasies
with
complex
magical
worlds
.
Asian
adjective
relating
to
Asia
or
its
people
,
languages
,
or
cultures
.
•
Her
favorite
restaurant
serves
authentic
Asian
dishes
like
sushi
and
pho
.
Her
favorite
restaurant
serves
authentic
Asian
dishes
like
sushi
and
pho
.
•
The
museum
opened
a
new
gallery
displaying
traditional
Asian
art
and
sculptures
.
The
museum
opened
a
new
gallery
displaying
traditional
Asian
art
and
sculptures
.
From
Asia
+
-an
,
first
attested
in
English
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
people
or
things
from
Asia
.
noun
a
person
from
Asia
or
whose
family
originally
comes
from
Asia
.
•
As
an
Asian
,
Mei
celebrates
Lunar
New
Year
with
her
family
every
January
.
As
an
Asian
,
Mei
celebrates
Lunar
New
Year
with
her
family
every
January
.
•
The
city
is
home
to
many
Asians
who
have
opened
restaurants
and
shops
.
The
city
is
home
to
many
Asians
who
have
opened
restaurants
and
shops
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
Asian
,
used
as
a
noun
from
the
18th
century
to
refer
to
people
of
Asian
origin
.
whereas
conjunction
used
to
introduce
a
fact
that
clearly
contrasts
with
another
fact
•
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
•
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
Middle
English
from
‘
where
’
+
‘
as
’,
originally
meaning
‘
at
which
place
’;
later
developed
a
contrasting
sense
.
conjunction
(
formal
)
introducing
a
fact
or
condition
that
is
the
basis
for
a
decision
,
especially
in
legal
or
official
documents
,
meaning
“
given
that
”
or
“
considering
that
”.
•
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
•
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
Same
origin
as
the
contrasting
sense
,
but
retained
in
the
legal
style
of
formal
preambles
.
adverb
(
archaic
)
at
or
in
which
place
;
where
•
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
•
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
From
Middle
English
phrase
‘
where
as
’
meaning
‘
where
’;
later
usage
narrowed
and
became
archaic
.
chase
verb
-
chase
,
chasing
,
chases
,
chased
to
run
,
drive
,
or
move
quickly
after
someone
or
something
in
order
to
catch
them
•
The
playful
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
endless
circles
.
The
playful
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
endless
circles
.
•
A
police
car
chased
the
speeding
driver
through
busy
city
streets
with
sirens
blaring
.
A
police
car
chased
the
speeding
driver
through
busy
city
streets
with
sirens
blaring
.
From
Old
French
‘
chacier
’
meaning
‘
to
hunt
’,
from
Latin
‘
captiare
’ (
to
capture
).
noun
an
act
or
period
of
running
after
someone
or
something
in
order
to
catch
them
•
The
fox
slipped
away
,
and
the
hounds
ended
the
long
chase
.
The
fox
slipped
away
,
and
the
hounds
ended
the
long
chase
.
•
After
a
thrilling
rooftop
chase
,
the
hero
finally
caught
the
thief
.
After
a
thrilling
rooftop
chase
,
the
hero
finally
caught
the
thief
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
Old
French
‘
chacier
’
→
Latin
‘
captiare
’.
verb
-
chase
,
chasing
,
chases
,
chased
to
decorate
metal
by
hammering
or
engraving
the
front
surface
so
that
a
design
stands
out
•
The
silversmith
chased
a
delicate
vine
pattern
into
the
bracelet
.
The
silversmith
chased
a
delicate
vine
pattern
into
the
bracelet
.
•
Students
practiced
as
they
chased
the
copper
plate
with
tiny
hammers
.
Students
practiced
as
they
chased
the
copper
plate
with
tiny
hammers
.
Specialized
sense
from
French
‘
chasser
’
meaning
‘
to
drive
’
metal
forward
.
occasionally
adverb
sometimes
,
but
not
often
or
regularly
•
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
•
The
small
seaside
café
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
The
small
seaside
café
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
From
occasional
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
‘
on
some
occasions
’.
infrastructure
noun
the
basic
physical
structures
and
public
services
,
such
as
roads
,
power
lines
,
and
water
systems
,
that
a
country
or
community
needs
to
operate
•
After
the
earthquake
,
many
bridges
and
roads
in
the
city
’
s
infrastructure
needed
urgent
repairs
.
After
the
earthquake
,
many
bridges
and
roads
in
the
city
’
s
infrastructure
needed
urgent
repairs
.
•
The
government
announced
a
huge
budget
to
improve
rural
infrastructure
.
The
government
announced
a
huge
budget
to
improve
rural
infrastructure
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
1920s
from
French
infrastructure
,
from
infra-
(
below
)
+
structure
(
arrangement
of
parts
).
noun
the
underlying
system
or
framework
that
supports
how
an
organisation
,
process
,
or
technology
works
•
The
tech
startup
invested
heavily
in
cloud
infrastructure
to
handle
millions
of
users
.
The
tech
startup
invested
heavily
in
cloud
infrastructure
to
handle
millions
of
users
.
•
Schools
need
digital
infrastructure
like
high-speed
internet
and
laptops
to
support
modern
learning
.
Schools
need
digital
infrastructure
like
high-speed
internet
and
laptops
to
support
modern
learning
.
Same
origin
as
the
physical
sense
;
extended
metaphorically
in
the
mid-20th
century
to
non-physical
systems
.
crash
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
to
hit
something
or
someone
hard
while
moving
,
usually
causing
damage
,
noise
,
or
injury
•
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
•
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
Middle
English
“
crasshen
”,
likely
imitative
of
a
loud
smashing
sound
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
serious
accident
in
which
a
vehicle
hits
something
or
another
vehicle
•
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
•
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
of
a
computer
or
program
)
to
suddenly
stop
working
and
close
unexpectedly
•
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
•
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
informal
)
to
sleep
or
stay
somewhere
for
a
short
time
without
planning
,
usually
because
you
are
tired
•
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
•
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
loud
noise
made
when
something
heavy
hits
or
falls
•
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
•
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
adjective
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
quick
and
intensive
,
designed
to
teach
or
achieve
something
in
a
very
short
time
•
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
•
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
and
severe
drop
in
the
value
of
shares
,
property
,
or
the
economy
•
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
•
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
database
noun
a
structured
collection
of
information
kept
on
a
computer
so
it
can
be
quickly
searched
,
managed
,
and
updated
•
Our
company
stores
every
customer
record
in
a
secure
database
.
Our
company
stores
every
customer
record
in
a
secure
database
.
•
The
scientist
searched
an
online
database
for
articles
about
climate
change
.
The
scientist
searched
an
online
database
for
articles
about
climate
change
.
Formed
in
the
1960s
from
data
+
base
,
referring
to
a
foundational
store
of
data
.
verb
-
database
,
databasing
,
databases
,
databased
to
store
information
in
a
structured
computer
system
so
it
can
be
easily
searched
and
managed
•
The
research
team
will
database
all
the
survey
responses
before
publishing
the
report
.
The
research
team
will
database
all
the
survey
responses
before
publishing
the
report
.
•
After
scanning
the
documents
,
the
librarian
databases
them
for
easy
searching
.
After
scanning
the
documents
,
the
librarian
databases
them
for
easy
searching
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
database
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
1970s
within
computing
fields
.
fantastic
adjective
extremely
good
or
enjoyable
;
excellent
•
The
concert
last
night
was
absolutely
fantastic
!
The
concert
last
night
was
absolutely
fantastic
!
•
You
did
a
fantastic
job
on
your
science
project
.
You
did
a
fantastic
job
on
your
science
project
.
measurement
noun
the
act
or
process
of
finding
out
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
using
standard
units
•
Accurate
measurement
of
temperature
is
vital
when
baking
bread
.
Accurate
measurement
of
temperature
is
vital
when
baking
bread
.
•
The
scientist
repeated
the
measurement
three
times
to
make
sure
the
results
were
correct
.
The
scientist
repeated
the
measurement
three
times
to
make
sure
the
results
were
correct
.
From
Middle
French
mesurement
,
from
mesurer
“
to
measure
”
+
-ment
,
appearing
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
a
size
,
length
,
or
amount
that
has
been
found
by
measuring
•
Check
the
room
’
s
exact
measurements
before
you
buy
a
new
sofa
.
Check
the
room
’
s
exact
measurements
before
you
buy
a
new
sofa
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
a
measurement
of
200
milliliters
of
milk
.
The
recipe
calls
for
a
measurement
of
200
milliliters
of
milk
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
,
the
noun
came
also
to
mean
the
numerical
result
obtained
from
measuring
.
ambassador
noun
a
high-ranking
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
speak
on
its
behalf
•
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
•
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
From
Middle
French
ambassadeur
,
from
Italian
ambasciatore
,
ultimately
from
Medieval
Latin
ambactia
meaning
‘
service
’
or
‘
mission
’.
noun
a
person
who
publicly
represents
,
supports
,
or
promotes
a
particular
organization
,
cause
,
city
,
or
brand
•
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
•
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
The
modern
promotional
sense
developed
metaphorically
from
the
diplomatic
sense
,
extending
the
idea
of
formal
representation
to
brands
and
causes
.
decrease
verb
-
decrease
,
decreasing
,
decreases
,
decreased
to
become
smaller
or
less
,
or
to
make
something
smaller
or
less
•
The
doctor
advised
me
to
decrease
the
amount
of
sugar
I
eat
each
day
.
The
doctor
advised
me
to
decrease
the
amount
of
sugar
I
eat
each
day
.
•
Traffic
decreased
noticeably
after
the
new
bridge
opened
.
Traffic
decreased
noticeably
after
the
new
bridge
opened
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
decrescere
“
grow
less
”,
from
de-
“
down
”
+
crescere
“
grow
”.
noun
the
act
or
amount
of
becoming
smaller
or
less
•
There
was
a
sharp
decrease
in
tourism
after
the
storm
.
There
was
a
sharp
decrease
in
tourism
after
the
storm
.
•
Scientists
recorded
a
small
decrease
in
global
temperatures
last
year
.
Scientists
recorded
a
small
decrease
in
global
temperatures
last
year
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
decrescere
“
grow
less
”,
from
de-
“
down
”
+
crescere
“
grow
”.
mask
noun
a
covering
that
you
wear
over
your
face
to
protect
yourself
,
to
hide
who
you
are
,
or
for
fun
•
The
nurse
put
on
a
mask
before
entering
the
patient's
room
.
The
nurse
put
on
a
mask
before
entering
the
patient's
room
.
•
At
the
carnival
,
children
painted
their
own
colorful
masks
.
At
the
carnival
,
children
painted
their
own
colorful
masks
.
Borrowed
from
Middle
French
masque
,
from
Italian
maschera
,
probably
from
Latin
mascus
“
ghost
”
or
medieval
Latin
masca
.
verb
to
cover
or
hide
something
so
that
it
cannot
be
seen
,
heard
,
smelled
,
or
noticed
•
The
chef
used
strong
spices
to
mask
the
taste
of
the
bitter
medicine
.
The
chef
used
strong
spices
to
mask
the
taste
of
the
bitter
medicine
.
•
Clouds
masked
the
sun
during
the
eclipse
.
Clouds
masked
the
sun
during
the
eclipse
.
noun
a
way
of
behaving
or
speaking
that
hides
your
real
feelings
,
thoughts
,
or
character
•
Behind
his
cheerful
mask
of
jokes
,
he
felt
lonely
.
Behind
his
cheerful
mask
of
jokes
,
he
felt
lonely
.
•
Her
confidence
was
just
a
mask
for
her
nervousness
.
Her
confidence
was
just
a
mask
for
her
nervousness
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
fixed
pattern
of
bits
or
characters
used
to
select
,
block
,
or
change
parts
of
data
•
Use
a
subnet
mask
to
divide
the
network
into
smaller
segments
.
Use
a
subnet
mask
to
divide
the
network
into
smaller
segments
.
•
The
programmer
applied
a
bit
mask
to
extract
only
the
lowest
four
bits
.
The
programmer
applied
a
bit
mask
to
extract
only
the
lowest
four
bits
.
bias
noun
-
bias
,
biases
an
unfair
preference
for
or
against
a
person
,
group
,
or
idea
that
stops
you
from
being
neutral
•
The
reporter
tried
to
write
the
article
without
any
bias
.
The
reporter
tried
to
write
the
article
without
any
bias
.
•
Because
of
his
personal
bias
,
the
manager
promoted
his
friend
over
more
qualified
workers
.
Because
of
his
personal
bias
,
the
manager
promoted
his
friend
over
more
qualified
workers
.
From
Old
French
biais
“
slant
,
oblique
”,
probably
from
Old
Provençal
;
in
English
first
used
about
fabric
direction
,
later
extended
to
unfair
preference
.
verb
-
bias
,
biasing
,
biases
,
biased
to
influence
someone
or
something
so
that
opinions
or
results
become
unfairly
one-sided
•
The
loud
commercial
was
designed
to
bias
viewers
toward
buying
the
product
.
The
loud
commercial
was
designed
to
bias
viewers
toward
buying
the
product
.
•
Jurors
were
asked
not
to
read
news
that
might
bias
them
before
the
trial
.
Jurors
were
asked
not
to
read
news
that
might
bias
them
before
the
trial
.
noun
-
bias
,
biases
the
diagonal
direction
across
woven
fabric
,
at
about
45°
to
the
edges
,
which
stretches
more
than
the
straight
grain
•
The
dress
was
cut
on
the
bias
so
it
draped
smoothly
.
The
dress
was
cut
on
the
bias
so
it
draped
smoothly
.
•
She
trimmed
the
quilt
edge
with
bias
tape
.
She
trimmed
the
quilt
edge
with
bias
tape
.
pizza
noun
a
round
flat
food
made
of
baked
dough
covered
with
tomato
sauce
,
melted
cheese
,
and
often
other
toppings
such
as
meat
or
vegetables
•
We
ordered
a
large
pizza
for
dinner
.
We
ordered
a
large
pizza
for
dinner
.
•
My
favorite
pizza
has
mushrooms
and
olives
on
top
.
My
favorite
pizza
has
mushrooms
and
olives
on
top
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
1800s
from
Italian
“
pizza
,”
which
probably
comes
from
a
Latin
root
meaning
“
flatbread
.”
beast
noun
a
large
,
often
dangerous
or
wild
animal
•
The
farmer
led
the
enormous
beast
into
a
new
pasture
.
The
farmer
led
the
enormous
beast
into
a
new
pasture
.
•
On
safari
,
tourists
gasped
as
a
majestic
beast
—
a
bull
elephant
—
crossed
the
dusty
road
.
On
safari
,
tourists
gasped
as
a
majestic
beast
—
a
bull
elephant
—
crossed
the
dusty
road
.
Old
English
‘
bēost
’
from
Latin
‘
bestia
’
meaning
‘
animal
’.
noun
a
person
who
behaves
in
a
cruel
,
violent
,
or
very
unpleasant
way
•
Everyone
called
the
ruthless
dictator
a
beast
for
how
he
treated
his
people
.
Everyone
called
the
ruthless
dictator
a
beast
for
how
he
treated
his
people
.
•
He
acted
like
a
beast
when
he
kicked
the
door
down
in
anger
.
He
acted
like
a
beast
when
he
kicked
the
door
down
in
anger
.
noun
something
that
is
very
difficult
,
unpleasant
,
or
complicated
to
deal
with
•
The
final
maths
problem
was
a
real
beast
,
and
few
students
solved
it
.
The
final
maths
problem
was
a
real
beast
,
and
few
students
solved
it
.
•
Moving
an
entire
library
of
books
is
a
logistical
beast
.
Moving
an
entire
library
of
books
is
a
logistical
beast
.
noun
something
very
big
,
strong
,
or
powerful
,
especially
a
machine
or
vehicle
•
His
new
gaming
computer
is
a
beast
and
can
run
any
game
on
ultra
settings
.
His
new
gaming
computer
is
a
beast
and
can
run
any
game
on
ultra
settings
.
•
The
engineers
unveiled
a
robotic
beast
capable
of
lifting
cars
.
The
engineers
unveiled
a
robotic
beast
capable
of
lifting
cars
.
Beast
noun
-
Beast
in
Christian
belief
,
an
evil
creature
described
in
the
Book
of
Revelation
,
often
identified
with
the
Antichrist
•
In
the
sermon
,
the
pastor
explained
the
symbolism
of
the
Beast
and
its
number
666
.
In
the
sermon
,
the
pastor
explained
the
symbolism
of
the
Beast
and
its
number
666
.
•
Medieval
artists
often
painted
the
Beast
as
a
seven-headed
monster
.
Medieval
artists
often
painted
the
Beast
as
a
seven-headed
monster
.
From
the
apocalyptic
imagery
in
the
New
Testament
Book
of
Revelation
.
pleased
adjective
feeling
happy
or
satisfied
because
something
good
has
happened
or
someone
has
done
something
you
like
•
Maya
looked
pleased
when
she
saw
her
birthday
cake
.
Maya
looked
pleased
when
she
saw
her
birthday
cake
.
•
The
coach
was
pleased
with
the
team's
effort
after
the
match
.
The
coach
was
pleased
with
the
team's
effort
after
the
match
.
adjective
used
in
polite
statements
to
show
you
are
willing
or
happy
to
do
something
•
We
would
be
pleased
to
answer
any
questions
you
may
have
.
We
would
be
pleased
to
answer
any
questions
you
may
have
.
•
The
chef
is
pleased
to
prepare
a
vegetarian
option
for
you
.
The
chef
is
pleased
to
prepare
a
vegetarian
option
for
you
.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
please
:
made
someone
happy
or
satisfied
•
Her
kind
words
pleased
the
nervous
student
.
Her
kind
words
pleased
the
nervous
student
.
•
The
party
decorations
pleased
everyone
who
attended
.
The
party
decorations
pleased
everyone
who
attended
.
invasion
noun
the
act
of
an
armed
force
entering
another
country
or
area
in
order
to
take
control
by
force
•
The
soldiers
prepared
to
defend
the
city
against
an
invasion
from
the
north
.
The
soldiers
prepared
to
defend
the
city
against
an
invasion
from
the
north
.
•
History
books
describe
the
Norman
invasion
of
England
in
1066
.
History
books
describe
the
Norman
invasion
of
England
in
1066
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
invasio
(
n-
),
from
invadere
‘
to
go
into
,
attack
’.
noun
a
sudden
and
unwelcome
arrival
of
many
people
,
animals
,
or
things
that
crowd
into
a
place
or
situation
•
Every
summer
our
quiet
beach
town
faces
an
invasion
of
tourists
looking
for
sun
.
Every
summer
our
quiet
beach
town
faces
an
invasion
of
tourists
looking
for
sun
.
•
An
invasion
of
ants
covered
the
kitchen
counter
overnight
.
An
invasion
of
ants
covered
the
kitchen
counter
overnight
.
Extended
sense
of
the
military
meaning
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
the
spread
of
disease-causing
organisms
or
cancer
cells
into
surrounding
tissues
of
the
body
•
Doctors
explained
that
cancer
invasion
into
nearby
tissue
makes
the
disease
harder
to
treat
.
Doctors
explained
that
cancer
invasion
into
nearby
tissue
makes
the
disease
harder
to
treat
.
•
The
microscope
slide
showed
bacterial
invasion
of
the
wound
.
The
microscope
slide
showed
bacterial
invasion
of
the
wound
.
Adopted
in
medical
writing
in
the
late
19th
century
to
describe
how
harmful
cells
or
organisms
move
into
healthy
tissue
.
basement
noun
the
lowest
floor
of
a
building
,
usually
partly
or
completely
below
ground
level
•
After
the
storm
,
we
stored
the
patio
furniture
in
the
basement
.
After
the
storm
,
we
stored
the
patio
furniture
in
the
basement
.
•
The
kids
turned
the
basement
into
a
makeshift
playroom
with
bright
posters
and
beanbags
.
The
kids
turned
the
basement
into
a
makeshift
playroom
with
bright
posters
and
beanbags
.
Borrowed
from
French
“
bas
”,
meaning
“
low
”,
+
“
-ment
”.
Used
in
English
since
the
18th
century
for
the
low
or
underground
part
of
a
building
.
noun
the
lowest
or
worst
level
in
a
ranking
,
list
,
or
set
of
results
•
After
losing
five
games
,
the
team
found
itself
in
the
basement
of
the
league
standings
.
After
losing
five
games
,
the
team
found
itself
in
the
basement
of
the
league
standings
.
•
The
company
’
s
stock
price
has
been
stuck
in
the
basement
for
months
.
The
company
’
s
stock
price
has
been
stuck
in
the
basement
for
months
.
Extension
of
the
architectural
sense
to
metaphorical
rankings
,
first
recorded
in
sports
journalism
in
the
early
20th
century
.
fascinating
adjective
extremely
interesting
and
able
to
hold
your
complete
attention
.
•
The
documentary
about
deep-sea
creatures
was
absolutely
fascinating
.
The
documentary
about
deep-sea
creatures
was
absolutely
fascinating
.
•
Lena
found
her
grandfather
’
s
stories
of
life
during
the
war
truly
fascinating
.
Lena
found
her
grandfather
’
s
stories
of
life
during
the
war
truly
fascinating
.
Present-participle
adjective
from
the
verb
“
fascinate
,”
originally
meaning
“
bewitch
”
in
the
17th
century
,
from
Latin
fascināre
“
to
cast
a
spell
.”
adjective
remarkably
attractive
or
charming
in
a
way
that
draws
people
’
s
gaze
.
•
Everyone
agreed
that
the
dancer
had
a
fascinating
elegance
on
stage
.
Everyone
agreed
that
the
dancer
had
a
fascinating
elegance
on
stage
.
•
Marco
couldn
’
t
look
away
from
the
actor
’
s
fascinating
smile
.
Marco
couldn
’
t
look
away
from
the
actor
’
s
fascinating
smile
.
Extended
from
the
sense
“
to
bewitch
”
of
the
verb
“
fascinate
,”
carrying
the
idea
of
casting
a
spell
through
beauty
or
charm
.
opera
noun
a
dramatic
musical
work
in
which
singers
and
an
orchestra
tell
a
story
on
stage
,
usually
with
costumes
,
scenery
and
acting
•
Maria
dreamed
of
singing
in
a
famous
opera
one
day
.
Maria
dreamed
of
singing
in
a
famous
opera
one
day
.
•
We
studied
Verdi's
opera
"
La
Traviata
"
in
music
class
.
We
studied
Verdi's
opera
"
La
Traviata
"
in
music
class
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
17th
century
from
Italian
opera
“
work
”,
originally
Latin
opus
,
meaning
a
musical
work
or
labor
.
noun
the
theater
building
or
company
where
operas
are
performed
•
The
city's
historic
opera
was
restored
after
the
fire
.
The
city's
historic
opera
was
restored
after
the
fire
.
•
We
are
meeting
outside
the
opera
at
seven
.
We
are
meeting
outside
the
opera
at
seven
.
Extension
of
the
musical
sense
to
the
place
where
operas
are
staged
,
attested
since
the
18th
century
.
pastor
noun
a
Christian
minister
who
leads
a
local
church
and
gives
spiritual
guidance
to
its
members
•
The
pastor
delivered
an
inspiring
sermon
on
forgiveness
.
The
pastor
delivered
an
inspiring
sermon
on
forgiveness
.
•
After
the
service
,
the
pastor
greeted
every
visitor
with
a
friendly
smile
at
the
church
door
.
After
the
service
,
the
pastor
greeted
every
visitor
with
a
friendly
smile
at
the
church
door
.
from
Latin
pastor
“
shepherd
,”
from
pastus
,
past
participle
of
pascere
“
to
feed
”
verb
-
pastor
,
pastoring
,
pastors
,
pastored
to
lead
a
church
or
to
give
spiritual
care
and
guidance
to
a
group
of
Christians
•
She
felt
called
to
pastor
a
small
rural
congregation
.
She
felt
called
to
pastor
a
small
rural
congregation
.
•
For
over
thirty
years
,
he
has
pastored
the
same
church
.
For
over
thirty
years
,
he
has
pastored
the
same
church
.
verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
meaning
“
to
act
as
a
pastor
.”
basket
noun
a
container
with
a
handle
,
usually
woven
from
thin
strips
of
wood
,
cane
,
or
plastic
,
used
for
carrying
or
storing
things
•
She
carried
a
basket
of
fresh
apples
from
the
orchard
.
She
carried
a
basket
of
fresh
apples
from
the
orchard
.
•
The
picnic
basket
was
packed
with
sandwiches
,
fruit
,
and
lemonade
.
The
picnic
basket
was
packed
with
sandwiches
,
fruit
,
and
lemonade
.
noun
in
basketball
,
the
metal
hoop
with
a
hanging
net
fixed
to
a
backboard
,
or
a
successful
shot
that
goes
through
it
•
He
leapt
and
slammed
the
ball
into
the
basket
.
He
leapt
and
slammed
the
ball
into
the
basket
.
•
The
crowd
erupted
when
she
scored
the
winning
basket
at
the
buzzer
.
The
crowd
erupted
when
she
scored
the
winning
basket
at
the
buzzer
.
noun
a
group
of
different
but
related
things
considered
together
as
one
set
•
The
investor
held
a
basket
of
international
currencies
to
reduce
risk
.
The
investor
held
a
basket
of
international
currencies
to
reduce
risk
.
•
The
government
announced
a
basket
of
measures
to
support
small
businesses
.
The
government
announced
a
basket
of
measures
to
support
small
businesses
.
ease
noun
-
ease
a
feeling
of
being
comfortable
and
free
from
pain
,
worry
,
or
hard
effort
•
After
finishing
the
exam
,
Maya
sighed
with
ease
.
After
finishing
the
exam
,
Maya
sighed
with
ease
.
•
A
warm
bath
gave
him
complete
ease
after
the
long
hike
.
A
warm
bath
gave
him
complete
ease
after
the
long
hike
.
From
Middle
English
‘
ese
’,
from
Old
French
‘
aise
’
meaning
comfort
or
opportunity
.
noun
-
ease
the
ability
to
do
something
without
difficulty
•
He
answered
the
difficult
questions
with
ease
.
He
answered
the
difficult
questions
with
ease
.
•
Sofia
plays
the
piano
with
amazing
ease
.
Sofia
plays
the
piano
with
amazing
ease
.
verb
-
ease
,
easing
,
eases
,
eased
to
make
pain
,
worry
,
or
difficulty
less
severe
•
A
cold
drink
can
ease
a
sore
throat
.
A
cold
drink
can
ease
a
sore
throat
.
•
They
planted
more
trees
to
ease
the
summer
heat
.
They
planted
more
trees
to
ease
the
summer
heat
.
verb
-
ease
,
easing
,
eases
,
eased
to
move
slowly
,
carefully
,
or
gradually
into
a
new
position
or
state
•
The
boat
eased
away
from
the
dock
.
The
boat
eased
away
from
the
dock
.
•
She
eased
into
the
conversation
after
listening
for
a
while
.
She
eased
into
the
conversation
after
listening
for
a
while
.
treasury
noun
-
treasury
,
treasuries
the
government
department
responsible
for
a
country
’
s
money
,
taxes
,
and
economic
policy
•
The
treasury
announced
new
tax
cuts
to
stimulate
the
economy
.
The
treasury
announced
new
tax
cuts
to
stimulate
the
economy
.
•
After
graduating
,
she
became
an
economist
at
the
Treasury
.
After
graduating
,
she
became
an
economist
at
the
Treasury
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
tresorie
,
based
on
Latin
thesaurus
‘
store
of
treasure
’.
Shifted
to
mean
the
office
or
department
dealing
with
state
treasure
in
the
14th–15th
centuries
.
noun
-
treasury
,
treasuries
a
room
or
building
where
valuable
objects
,
money
,
or
treasure
are
stored
and
protected
•
Tourists
admired
the
jeweled
crowns
displayed
in
the
ancient
treasury
beneath
the
castle
.
Tourists
admired
the
jeweled
crowns
displayed
in
the
ancient
treasury
beneath
the
castle
.
•
Armed
guards
stood
at
the
door
of
the
temple
’
s
treasury
.
Armed
guards
stood
at
the
door
of
the
temple
’
s
treasury
.
noun
-
treasury
,
treasuries
a
rich
and
carefully
chosen
collection
of
stories
,
poems
,
songs
,
or
other
valuable
items
•
This
book
is
a
treasury
of
classic
fairy
tales
.
This
book
is
a
treasury
of
classic
fairy
tales
.
•
Grandma
kept
a
treasury
of
family
recipes
in
an
old
notebook
.
Grandma
kept
a
treasury
of
family
recipes
in
an
old
notebook
.
noun
-
treasury
the
money
and
financial
assets
that
belong
to
a
government
,
organization
,
or
club
•
Our
club
’
s
treasury
is
almost
empty
after
buying
new
equipment
.
Our
club
’
s
treasury
is
almost
empty
after
buying
new
equipment
.
•
The
charity
keeps
every
donation
safe
in
its
treasury
.
The
charity
keeps
every
donation
safe
in
its
treasury
.
flash
noun
-
flash
,
flashes
a
sudden
bright
light
that
lasts
only
a
moment
•
A
flash
of
lightning
lit
up
the
night
sky
for
an
instant
.
A
flash
of
lightning
lit
up
the
night
sky
for
an
instant
.
•
The
photographer
used
a
bright
flash
to
light
the
model's
face
.
The
photographer
used
a
bright
flash
to
light
the
model's
face
.
From
Middle
English
flasshen
,
of
imitative
origin
,
echoing
the
sudden
sound
and
sight
of
a
burst
of
light
verb
-
flash
,
flashing
,
flashes
,
flashed
to
shine
,
appear
,
or
show
something
for
a
very
short
time
•
The
warning
light
flashed
red
on
the
dashboard
.
The
warning
light
flashed
red
on
the
dashboard
.
•
She
flashed
her
ticket
at
the
guard
and
hurried
inside
.
She
flashed
her
ticket
at
the
guard
and
hurried
inside
.
Same
origin
as
noun
;
the
verb
developed
from
the
imagery
of
light
bursting
suddenly
noun
-
flash
,
flashes
a
very
short
moment
of
time
•
I'll
be
back
in
a
flash
.
I'll
be
back
in
a
flash
.
•
The
race
was
over
in
a
flash
.
The
race
was
over
in
a
flash
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
the
idea
of
a
burst
of
light
to
a
burst
of
time
adjective
-
flash
,
flasher
,
flashest
looking
rich
,
fashionable
,
or
expensive
in
a
way
meant
to
impress
people
•
He
turned
up
in
a
flash
new
sports
car
.
He
turned
up
in
a
flash
new
sports
car
.
•
That's
a
flash
watch
you're
wearing
.
That's
a
flash
watch
you're
wearing
.
British
slang
from
the
19th
century
,
possibly
linking
to
‘
flashy
’,
meaning
showy
bastard
noun
a
person
born
to
parents
who
were
not
married
to
each
other
,
especially
in
former
times
when
this
carried
social
stigma
•
In
the
medieval
drama
,
the
king
refuses
to
acknowledge
his
bastard
despite
the
boy
’
s
obvious
resemblance
.
In
the
medieval
drama
,
the
king
refuses
to
acknowledge
his
bastard
despite
the
boy
’
s
obvious
resemblance
.
•
Historical
records
often
labeled
children
born
outside
wedlock
simply
as
bastards
.
Historical
records
often
labeled
children
born
outside
wedlock
simply
as
bastards
.
The
sense
arose
in
Middle
English
law
to
label
children
born
out
of
wedlock
.
occasional
adjective
happening
,
done
,
or
existing
now
and
then
but
not
often
•
We
make
occasional
trips
to
the
seaside
when
the
weather
is
good
.
We
make
occasional
trips
to
the
seaside
when
the
weather
is
good
.
•
An
occasional
cough
escaped
from
the
quiet
audience
.
An
occasional
cough
escaped
from
the
quiet
audience
.
From
the
noun
occasion
+
suffix
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
"
occurring
on
some
occasions
".
nasty
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
very
unpleasant
to
smell
,
taste
,
touch
,
or
look
at
•
The
milk
smelled
nasty
,
so
I
poured
it
down
the
sink
.
The
milk
smelled
nasty
,
so
I
poured
it
down
the
sink
.
•
A
nasty
stain
spread
across
the
white
carpet
after
the
juice
spill
.
A
nasty
stain
spread
across
the
white
carpet
after
the
juice
spill
.
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
unkind
,
mean
,
or
spiteful
•
She
made
a
nasty
comment
about
his
haircut
.
She
made
a
nasty
comment
about
his
haircut
.
•
He
can
get
nasty
when
he
is
tired
.
He
can
get
nasty
when
he
is
tired
.
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
likely
to
cause
harm
,
pain
,
or
serious
difficulty
•
There
’
s
a
nasty
bend
on
that
mountain
road
.
There
’
s
a
nasty
bend
on
that
mountain
road
.
•
He
took
a
nasty
fall
while
skiing
.
He
took
a
nasty
fall
while
skiing
.
adjective
-
nasty
,
nastier
,
nastiest
sexually
explicit
,
vulgar
,
or
offensive
•
The
comedian
’
s
jokes
got
nasty
toward
the
end
of
the
show
.
The
comedian
’
s
jokes
got
nasty
toward
the
end
of
the
show
.
•
He
sent
her
some
nasty
pictures
,
and
she
blocked
him
immediately
.
He
sent
her
some
nasty
pictures
,
and
she
blocked
him
immediately
.
classical
adjective
having
a
simple
,
balanced
,
and
traditional
style
that
is
not
affected
by
passing
fashions
•
She
wore
a
classical
black
dress
to
the
gala
.
She
wore
a
classical
black
dress
to
the
gala
.
•
The
designer
prefers
classical
lines
instead
of
flashy
trends
.
The
designer
prefers
classical
lines
instead
of
flashy
trends
.
Generalised
from
the
sense
‘
of
ancient
models
’,
used
for
anything
modeled
on
long-established
standards
.
adjective
relating
to
Western
art
music
,
especially
the
period
roughly
1750–1830
,
or
to
the
genre
of
orchestral
and
chamber
music
in
general
•
Liam
relaxes
by
listening
to
classical
music
after
work
.
Liam
relaxes
by
listening
to
classical
music
after
work
.
•
The
orchestra
will
perform
four
classical
symphonies
tonight
.
The
orchestra
will
perform
four
classical
symphonies
tonight
.
Applied
to
music
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
works
following
perceived
ancient
ideals
of
balance
and
form
.
adjective
relating
to
the
art
,
literature
,
ideas
,
or
civilization
of
ancient
Greece
and
Rome
•
At
university
,
Maria
decided
to
specialise
in
classical
philosophy
.
At
university
,
Maria
decided
to
specialise
in
classical
philosophy
.
•
The
museum
’
s
new
wing
displays
classical
sculptures
brought
from
Athens
.
The
museum
’
s
new
wing
displays
classical
sculptures
brought
from
Athens
.
From
classic
+
-al
;
large-scale
use
dates
to
the
17th
century
to
distinguish
the
culture
of
antiquity
.
adjective
based
on
theories
developed
before
quantum
or
relativistic
physics
;
not
involving
modern
or
quantum
concepts
•
In
classical
mechanics
,
gravity
is
treated
as
a
force
acting
at
a
distance
.
In
classical
mechanics
,
gravity
is
treated
as
a
force
acting
at
a
distance
.
•
The
professor
contrasted
classical
thermodynamics
with
modern
statistical
models
.
The
professor
contrasted
classical
thermodynamics
with
modern
statistical
models
.
Used
in
physics
since
the
early
20th
century
to
distinguish
earlier
theories
from
quantum
mechanics
and
relativity
.
trauma
noun
a
serious
physical
injury
to
the
body
,
especially
one
caused
suddenly
by
an
accident
or
violence
•
The
cyclist
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
severe
head
trauma
.
The
cyclist
was
rushed
to
the
hospital
with
severe
head
trauma
.
•
Doctors
say
prompt
care
can
reduce
internal
trauma
after
a
high-speed
car
crash
.
Doctors
say
prompt
care
can
reduce
internal
trauma
after
a
high-speed
car
crash
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
Greek
“
traûma
”
meaning
“
wound
.”
Originally
used
only
of
bodily
injuries
;
psychological
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
a
deep
emotional
shock
or
distress
caused
by
a
frightening
or
painful
experience
,
which
may
have
long-lasting
effects
•
Years
after
the
earthquake
,
Maria
still
feels
trauma
when
the
ground
trembles
.
Years
after
the
earthquake
,
Maria
still
feels
trauma
when
the
ground
trembles
.
•
Speaking
with
a
counselor
helped
him
process
the
childhood
trauma
he
had
hidden
for
so
long
.
Speaking
with
a
counselor
helped
him
process
the
childhood
trauma
he
had
hidden
for
so
long
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
Greek
“
traûma
”
meaning
“
wound
.”
The
sense
widened
in
the
19th
century
to
include
mental
wounds
as
well
as
physical
ones
.
trash
noun
-
trash
waste
material
such
as
food
scraps
,
paper
,
or
broken
objects
that
people
throw
away
•
Please
take
the
trash
out
before
the
garbage
truck
arrives
.
Please
take
the
trash
out
before
the
garbage
truck
arrives
.
•
The
park
was
clean
after
volunteers
picked
up
every
piece
of
trash
.
The
park
was
clean
after
volunteers
picked
up
every
piece
of
trash
.
noun
-
trash
something
,
such
as
a
movie
or
piece
of
writing
,
that
is
of
very
poor
quality
•
That
film
was
complete
trash
—
I
walked
out
halfway
through
.
That
film
was
complete
trash
—
I
walked
out
halfway
through
.
•
She
thinks
romance
novels
are
trash
,
but
I
enjoy
them
.
She
thinks
romance
novels
are
trash
,
but
I
enjoy
them
.
verb
-
trash
,
trashing
,
trashes
,
trashed
to
throw
something
away
because
it
is
no
longer
wanted
•
She
trashed
the
old
magazines
to
make
room
on
the
shelf
.
She
trashed
the
old
magazines
to
make
room
on
the
shelf
.
•
Don
’
t
trash
those
boxes
—
we
can
use
them
for
storage
.
Don
’
t
trash
those
boxes
—
we
can
use
them
for
storage
.
noun
-
trash
,
trashes
a
person
or
group
of
people
regarded
as
immoral
,
worthless
,
or
contemptible
(
insulting
)
•
The
neighbors
called
the
loud
vandals
trash
after
they
smashed
bottles
on
the
street
.
The
neighbors
called
the
loud
vandals
trash
after
they
smashed
bottles
on
the
street
.
•
She
refuses
to
date
anyone
she
thinks
is
trash
.
She
refuses
to
date
anyone
she
thinks
is
trash
.
verb
-
trash
,
trashing
,
trashes
,
trashed
to
damage
,
destroy
,
or
make
a
place
or
thing
very
messy
•
Vandals
trashed
the
abandoned
house
over
the
weekend
.
Vandals
trashed
the
abandoned
house
over
the
weekend
.
•
After
the
wild
party
,
the
living
room
was
completely
trashed
.
After
the
wild
party
,
the
living
room
was
completely
trashed
.
verb
-
trash
,
trashing
,
trashes
,
trashed
to
criticize
someone
or
something
very
strongly
,
often
unfairly
•
Reviewers
trashed
the
new
video
game
for
its
bugs
.
Reviewers
trashed
the
new
video
game
for
its
bugs
.
•
He
loves
to
trash
his
opponents
on
social
media
.
He
loves
to
trash
his
opponents
on
social
media
.
Trash
noun
-
Trash
(
computing
)
a
folder
or
bin
on
a
computer
where
deleted
files
are
kept
temporarily
before
final
removal
•
Move
unused
documents
to
the
Trash
to
save
disk
space
.
Move
unused
documents
to
the
Trash
to
save
disk
space
.
•
Don
’
t
forget
to
empty
the
Trash
after
deleting
large
videos
.
Don
’
t
forget
to
empty
the
Trash
after
deleting
large
videos
.
pleasant
adjective
-
pleasant
,
pleasanter
,
pleasantest
giving
enjoyment
,
satisfaction
,
or
comfort
;
nice
or
agreeable
•
We
spent
a
pleasant
afternoon
by
the
lake
.
We
spent
a
pleasant
afternoon
by
the
lake
.
•
The
hotel
room
had
a
pleasant
view
of
the
garden
.
The
hotel
room
had
a
pleasant
view
of
the
garden
.
From
Middle
English
plesaunt
,
from
Old
French
plaisant
,
present
participle
of
plaisir
“
to
please
”,
ultimately
from
Latin
placēre
“
to
please
”.
adjective
-
pleasant
,
pleasanter
,
pleasantest
friendly
and
polite
in
manner
,
easy
to
talk
to
or
deal
with
•
The
receptionist
was
very
pleasant
and
helped
us
quickly
.
The
receptionist
was
very
pleasant
and
helped
us
quickly
.
•
He
has
a
pleasant
manner
that
puts
people
at
ease
.
He
has
a
pleasant
manner
that
puts
people
at
ease
.
Same
historical
development
as
Sense
1
,
from
Old
French
plaisant
.
treasure
noun
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
valuable
objects
like
gold
,
silver
,
and
jewels
,
especially
when
they
are
hidden
or
lost
•
The
pirates
buried
their
treasure
on
the
island
.
The
pirates
buried
their
treasure
on
the
island
.
•
The
museum
displayed
ancient
treasure
found
in
the
pharaoh
’
s
tomb
.
The
museum
displayed
ancient
treasure
found
in
the
pharaoh
’
s
tomb
.
Middle
English
tresor
,
from
Old
French
tresor
,
from
Latin
thesaurus
"
store
,
treasure
"
noun
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
someone
or
something
that
is
very
valuable
,
loved
,
or
admired
•
Grandma
is
a
real
treasure
to
our
family
.
Grandma
is
a
real
treasure
to
our
family
.
•
This
old
photograph
album
is
a
treasure
of
memories
.
This
old
photograph
album
is
a
treasure
of
memories
.
figurative
use
developed
from
the
‘
valuable
objects
’
meaning
in
Middle
English
verb
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
to
value
something
very
much
and
take
great
care
of
it
•
I
will
always
treasure
the
time
we
spent
together
.
I
will
always
treasure
the
time
we
spent
together
.
•
He
treasures
his
grandfather
’
s
watch
and
keeps
it
safe
.
He
treasures
his
grandfather
’
s
watch
and
keeps
it
safe
.
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
valued
object
’,
used
as
a
verb
since
the
late
Middle
English
period
embassy
noun
-
embassy
,
embassies
the
official
building
in
a
foreign
country
where
an
ambassador
and
their
staff
work
•
Tourists
stood
outside
the
embassy
,
waiting
to
apply
for
visas
.
Tourists
stood
outside
the
embassy
,
waiting
to
apply
for
visas
.
•
After
losing
his
passport
,
he
hurried
to
the
nearest
embassy
for
help
.
After
losing
his
passport
,
he
hurried
to
the
nearest
embassy
for
help
.
15th-century
Middle
English
,
from
Medieval
Latin
"
ambassia
",
related
to
"
ambassador
".
noun
-
embassy
,
embassies
the
ambassador
and
the
group
of
diplomats
representing
their
country
in
a
foreign
state
•
The
embassy
hosted
a
cultural
festival
to
celebrate
its
national
holiday
.
The
embassy
hosted
a
cultural
festival
to
celebrate
its
national
holiday
.
•
Our
company
contacted
the
embassy
to
arrange
a
trade
meeting
.
Our
company
contacted
the
embassy
to
arrange
a
trade
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
the
building
sense
;
over
time
extended
to
mean
the
diplomatic
team
itself
.
castle
noun
a
large
,
strong
building
or
group
of
buildings
with
high
walls
and
towers
,
built
in
the
past
to
defend
the
people
inside
from
attack
•
During
their
vacation
in
France
,
the
family
toured
a
medieval
castle
perched
on
a
hill
.
During
their
vacation
in
France
,
the
family
toured
a
medieval
castle
perched
on
a
hill
.
•
From
the
top
of
the
castle
,
we
could
see
the
entire
surrounding
valley
.
From
the
top
of
the
castle
,
we
could
see
the
entire
surrounding
valley
.
Old
English
castel
,
from
Latin
castellum
“
fortified
place
,”
diminutive
of
castrum
“
fort
.”
noun
a
rook
,
one
of
the
two
large
corner
pieces
in
the
game
of
chess
•
His
castle
controlled
the
entire
open
file
.
His
castle
controlled
the
entire
open
file
.
•
She
sacrificed
a
knight
to
win
her
opponent's
castle
.
She
sacrificed
a
knight
to
win
her
opponent's
castle
.
By
extension
from
the
fortress-like
shape
of
the
piece
.
verb
-
castle
,
castling
,
castles
,
castled
in
chess
,
to
move
the
king
two
squares
toward
a
rook
and
then
place
that
rook
on
the
square
next
to
the
king
in
a
single
move
•
Seeing
the
open
center
,
she
decided
to
castle
early
for
safety
.
Seeing
the
open
center
,
she
decided
to
castle
early
for
safety
.
•
You
cannot
castle
if
either
the
king
or
the
rook
has
moved
before
.
You
cannot
castle
if
either
the
king
or
the
rook
has
moved
before
.
From
the
noun
castle
(
rook
);
the
motion
pairs
the
king
with
the
rook
piece
.
arena
noun
a
large
enclosed
building
with
tiered
seating
all
around
,
used
for
sports
,
concerts
,
shows
,
or
other
public
events
•
More
than
twenty
thousand
fans
packed
the
arena
to
see
the
championship
game
.
More
than
twenty
thousand
fans
packed
the
arena
to
see
the
championship
game
.
•
Tickets
to
the
pop
star
’
s
concert
sold
out
minutes
after
the
arena
opened
online
sales
.
Tickets
to
the
pop
star
’
s
concert
sold
out
minutes
after
the
arena
opened
online
sales
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
arēna
“
sand
;
place
of
combat
,”
because
Roman
amphitheaters
were
covered
with
sand
to
soak
up
blood
.
noun
a
sphere
or
field
of
activity
,
conflict
,
or
debate
,
especially
one
involving
public
attention
•
After
years
in
the
academic
world
,
she
decided
to
enter
the
political
arena
.
After
years
in
the
academic
world
,
she
decided
to
enter
the
political
arena
.
•
The
internet
has
become
a
new
arena
for
consumer-brand
interaction
.
The
internet
has
become
a
new
arena
for
consumer-brand
interaction
.
The
figurative
sense
grew
from
the
physical
arena
as
a
place
of
struggle
,
extending
to
any
setting
where
competition
or
debate
happens
.
broadcast
noun
a
radio
,
television
,
or
internet
program
that
is
sent
out
for
people
to
watch
or
listen
to
•
Did
you
hear
last
night
’
s
broadcast
about
space
exploration
?
Did
you
hear
last
night
’
s
broadcast
about
space
exploration
?
•
The
soccer
broadcast
attracted
millions
of
viewers
worldwide
.
The
soccer
broadcast
attracted
millions
of
viewers
worldwide
.
verb
-
broadcast
,
broadcasting
,
broadcasts
,
broadcasted
to
send
out
radio
,
television
,
or
internet
signals
so
that
many
people
can
hear
or
see
a
program
at
the
same
time
•
The
station
broadcasts
the
evening
news
at
six
o
’
clock
every
day
.
The
station
broadcasts
the
evening
news
at
six
o
’
clock
every
day
.
•
They
broadcast
the
concert
live
from
the
city
square
.
They
broadcast
the
concert
live
from
the
city
square
.
Originally
a
farming
term
meaning
“
to
scatter
seeds
widely
” (
18th
century
);
applied
to
radio
and
later
television
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
sending
out
radio
,
television
,
or
internet
signals
•
The
broadcast
of
the
ceremony
began
at
noon
.
The
broadcast
of
the
ceremony
began
at
noon
.
•
During
the
broadcast
,
technical
difficulties
caused
a
brief
blackout
.
During
the
broadcast
,
technical
difficulties
caused
a
brief
blackout
.
verb
-
broadcast
,
broadcasting
,
broadcasts
,
broadcasted
to
tell
something
to
many
people
so
that
it
quickly
becomes
widely
known
•
She
didn
’
t
mean
to
broadcast
her
friend
’
s
secret
to
the
whole
class
.
She
didn
’
t
mean
to
broadcast
her
friend
’
s
secret
to
the
whole
class
.
•
The
company
quickly
broadcast
news
of
its
success
on
social
media
.
The
company
quickly
broadcast
news
of
its
success
on
social
media
.
adjective
relating
to
radio
,
television
,
or
other
mass-media
transmission
•
She
works
in
the
broadcast
industry
as
a
producer
.
She
works
in
the
broadcast
industry
as
a
producer
.
•
The
new
antenna
improves
broadcast
signals
across
the
region
.
The
new
antenna
improves
broadcast
signals
across
the
region
.
verb
-
broadcast
,
broadcasting
,
broadcasts
,
broadcasted
to
scatter
seeds
over
a
wide
area
of
land
rather
than
planting
them
in
rows
•
The
farmer
broadcasts
wheat
seeds
across
the
field
every
spring
.
The
farmer
broadcasts
wheat
seeds
across
the
field
every
spring
.
•
Traditionally
,
rice
was
broadcast
by
hand
before
mechanical
planters
were
invented
.
Traditionally
,
rice
was
broadcast
by
hand
before
mechanical
planters
were
invented
.
kinda
noun
(
Informal
)
A
type
or
sort
of
something
.
•
What
kinda
music
do
you
like
listening
to
?
What
kinda
music
do
you
like
listening
to
?
•
This
is
the
kinda
weather
that
makes
me
want
to
stay
indoors
.
This
is
the
kinda
weather
that
makes
me
want
to
stay
indoors
.
Reduction
of
the
phrase
“
kind
of
”
through
fast
casual
speech
,
later
adopted
into
informal
writing
.
enthusiasm
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
excitement
and
eager
interest
about
something
•
The
children
clapped
their
hands
with
enthusiasm
when
the
magician
produced
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
The
children
clapped
their
hands
with
enthusiasm
when
the
magician
produced
a
rabbit
from
his
hat
.
•
Maya
spoke
about
climate
change
with
such
enthusiasm
that
the
audience
leaned
forward
to
listen
.
Maya
spoke
about
climate
change
with
such
enthusiasm
that
the
audience
leaned
forward
to
listen
.
Borrowed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
Greek
enthousiasmos
,
meaning
“
possession
by
a
god
,”
from
enthousiazein
“
to
be
inspired
,
be
possessed
,”
from
en-
“
in
”
+
theos
“
god
.”
Over
time
,
the
sense
shifted
from
divine
inspiration
to
general
eager
excitement
.
noun
something
that
someone
is
very
interested
in
and
spends
time
doing
•
Photography
is
Liam
’
s
latest
enthusiasm
,
and
he
carries
his
camera
everywhere
.
Photography
is
Liam
’
s
latest
enthusiasm
,
and
he
carries
his
camera
everywhere
.
•
Her
many
enthusiasms
include
pottery
,
hiking
,
and
playing
the
violin
.
Her
many
enthusiasms
include
pottery
,
hiking
,
and
playing
the
violin
.
noun
(
archaic
)
intense
religious
or
prophetic
fervor
believed
to
be
inspired
by
a
deity
•
Eighteenth-century
critics
feared
that
unchecked
religious
enthusiasm
could
overturn
social
order
.
Eighteenth-century
critics
feared
that
unchecked
religious
enthusiasm
could
overturn
social
order
.
•
The
prophet
spoke
with
blazing
enthusiasm
,
claiming
his
words
were
divinely
inspired
.
The
prophet
spoke
with
blazing
enthusiasm
,
claiming
his
words
were
divinely
inspired
.
laser
noun
a
device
that
produces
a
very
narrow
,
powerful
beam
of
light
that
can
cut
,
measure
,
read
data
,
or
perform
delicate
medical
work
.
•
The
surgeon
sealed
a
blood
vessel
with
a
laser
.
The
surgeon
sealed
a
blood
vessel
with
a
laser
.
•
In
science
class
,
a
teacher
bends
a
red
laser
beam
through
a
glass
prism
to
show
refraction
.
In
science
class
,
a
teacher
bends
a
red
laser
beam
through
a
glass
prism
to
show
refraction
.
1950s
:
from
the
initial
letters
of
light
amplification
by
stimulated
emission
of
radiation
,
originally
written
LASER
and
later
treated
as
a
regular
noun
.
verb
-
laser
,
lasering
,
lasers
,
lasered
to
cut
,
remove
,
or
mark
something
using
a
laser
beam
.
•
The
dentist
carefully
lasered
away
the
decayed
part
of
the
tooth
.
The
dentist
carefully
lasered
away
the
decayed
part
of
the
tooth
.
•
Tomorrow
,
technicians
will
laser
intricate
patterns
onto
the
metal
panels
.
Tomorrow
,
technicians
will
laser
intricate
patterns
onto
the
metal
panels
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
laser
,”
used
as
a
verb
from
the
1960s
as
the
technology
became
capable
of
cutting
and
removing
material
.
casual
adjective
relaxed
and
informal
in
style
,
manner
,
or
appearance
;
not
formal
or
strict
•
He
arrived
at
the
dinner
in
a
casual
T-shirt
and
jeans
,
while
everyone
else
wore
suits
.
He
arrived
at
the
dinner
in
a
casual
T-shirt
and
jeans
,
while
everyone
else
wore
suits
.
•
Our
boss
likes
to
keep
meetings
casual
,
so
we
talk
over
coffee
in
the
lounge
.
Our
boss
likes
to
keep
meetings
casual
,
so
we
talk
over
coffee
in
the
lounge
.
adjective
happening
by
chance
without
plan
or
intention
•
A
casual
conversation
on
the
bus
led
them
to
become
best
friends
.
A
casual
conversation
on
the
bus
led
them
to
become
best
friends
.
•
He
made
a
casual
remark
about
the
weather
that
offended
her
.
He
made
a
casual
remark
about
the
weather
that
offended
her
.
adjective
showing
little
interest
,
concern
,
or
seriousness
;
indifferent
or
careless
•
He
was
casual
about
the
safety
rules
and
ended
up
injuring
his
hand
.
He
was
casual
about
the
safety
rules
and
ended
up
injuring
his
hand
.
•
She
gave
a
casual
shrug
when
asked
about
the
exam
results
.
She
gave
a
casual
shrug
when
asked
about
the
exam
results
.
adjective
occurring
,
done
,
or
used
only
sometimes
;
not
regular
or
permanent
•
She
works
as
a
casual
nurse
on
weekends
to
earn
extra
money
.
She
works
as
a
casual
nurse
on
weekends
to
earn
extra
money
.
•
The
cafe
hires
casual
staff
during
summer
holidays
.
The
cafe
hires
casual
staff
during
summer
holidays
.
noun
a
person
who
is
employed
only
for
a
short
period
or
irregularly
,
especially
on
a
temporary
or
part-time
basis
•
The
supermarket
relies
on
casuals
to
stock
shelves
overnight
.
The
supermarket
relies
on
casuals
to
stock
shelves
overnight
.
•
As
a
casual
,
he
doesn't
receive
paid
vacation
days
.
As
a
casual
,
he
doesn't
receive
paid
vacation
days
.
alpha
noun
the
first
letter
of
the
Greek
alphabet
,
written
Α
or
α
,
often
used
as
a
scientific
or
mathematical
symbol
•
The
angle
was
labeled
alpha
on
the
diagram
.
The
angle
was
labeled
alpha
on
the
diagram
.
•
In
the
Greek
sequence
,
alpha
comes
before
beta
and
gamma
.
In
the
Greek
sequence
,
alpha
comes
before
beta
and
gamma
.
from
Greek
‘
álpha
’,
taken
from
Phoenician
‘
aleph
’,
meaning
‘
ox
’.
noun
the
dominant
or
most
powerful
individual
in
a
group
,
especially
among
animals
or
people
•
The
wolf
pack
followed
the
alpha
during
the
hunt
.
The
wolf
pack
followed
the
alpha
during
the
hunt
.
•
Some
executives
try
to
project
an
alpha
persona
in
meetings
.
Some
executives
try
to
project
an
alpha
persona
in
meetings
.
extension
of
the
idea
of
‘
first
’
or
‘
primary
’,
taken
from
the
position
of
alpha
as
the
first
Greek
letter
.
noun
an
early
test
version
of
a
piece
of
software
that
is
still
incomplete
and
likely
to
contain
many
bugs
•
The
game
is
in
alpha
,
so
expect
occasional
crashes
.
The
game
is
in
alpha
,
so
expect
occasional
crashes
.
•
We
released
an
alpha
build
for
internal
testing
last
week
.
We
released
an
alpha
build
for
internal
testing
last
week
.
borrowed
from
the
notion
of
‘
first
stage
’,
modeled
on
the
place
of
alpha
as
the
first
Greek
letter
;
in
computing
since
the
1970s
.
noun
in
investing
,
the
amount
by
which
a
portfolio
’
s
return
is
higher
or
lower
than
its
benchmark
,
showing
extra
performance
•
The
mutual
fund
delivered
an
alpha
of
2%
over
the
S&P
500
.
The
mutual
fund
delivered
an
alpha
of
2%
over
the
S&P
500
.
•
Investors
seek
positive
alpha
as
proof
of
a
manager
’
s
skill
.
Investors
seek
positive
alpha
as
proof
of
a
manager
’
s
skill
.
figurative
use
from
the
idea
of
being
‘
above
the
average
’,
first
recorded
in
finance
in
the
1960s
.
faster
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
The
comparative
form
of
fast
;
moving
or
happening
more
quickly
.
•
This
new
computer
is
faster
than
my
old
one
.
This
new
computer
is
faster
than
my
old
one
.
•
Cheetahs
are
faster
than
most
other
animals
on
land
.
Cheetahs
are
faster
than
most
other
animals
on
land
.
adverb
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
In
a
more
rapid
or
quick
way
.
•
If
we
walk
faster
,
we'll
catch
the
bus
.
If
we
walk
faster
,
we'll
catch
the
bus
.
•
The
clock
seemed
to
tick
faster
as
the
deadline
approached
.
The
clock
seemed
to
tick
faster
as
the
deadline
approached
.
noun
A
person
who
deliberately
does
not
eat
food
for
a
period
of
time
.
•
During
the
holy
month
,
each
faster
breaks
the
day
’
s
abstinence
at
sunset
.
During
the
holy
month
,
each
faster
breaks
the
day
’
s
abstinence
at
sunset
.
•
A
seasoned
faster
knows
to
drink
plenty
of
water
.
A
seasoned
faster
knows
to
drink
plenty
of
water
.
southeast
noun
the
direction
exactly
halfway
between
south
and
east
,
at
an
angle
of
135°
from
due
north
•
The
sun
rose
in
the
southeast
on
that
winter
morning
.
The
sun
rose
in
the
southeast
on
that
winter
morning
.
•
From
the
city
center
,
the
airport
lies
about
ten
kilometers
to
the
southeast
.
From
the
city
center
,
the
airport
lies
about
ten
kilometers
to
the
southeast
.
Old
English
“
sūþ-ēast
,”
a
compound
of
“
south
”
+
“
east
.”
cease
verb
-
cease
,
ceasing
,
ceases
,
ceased
to
stop
happening
or
to
come
to
an
end
•
When
the
rain
finally
ceased
,
the
children
ran
outside
to
play
.
When
the
rain
finally
ceased
,
the
children
ran
outside
to
play
.
•
The
applause
did
not
cease
until
the
conductor
returned
to
the
stage
.
The
applause
did
not
cease
until
the
conductor
returned
to
the
stage
.
From
Middle
English
cessen
,
from
Old
French
cesser
,
from
Latin
cessāre
"
to
stop
".
verb
-
cease
,
ceasing
,
ceases
,
ceased
to
stop
doing
something
or
to
bring
something
to
an
end
•
The
company
decided
to
cease
production
of
the
old
model
.
The
company
decided
to
cease
production
of
the
old
model
.
•
Please
cease
all
phone
calls
during
the
performance
.
Please
cease
all
phone
calls
during
the
performance
.
Same
origin
as
the
intransitive
sense
:
Latin
cessāre
"
to
delay
,
stop
".
passing
adjective
lasting
for
only
a
short
time
;
brief
or
fleeting
•
During
the
meeting
,
Jade
made
a
passing
comment
about
the
delay
that
everyone
quickly
forgot
.
During
the
meeting
,
Jade
made
a
passing
comment
about
the
delay
that
everyone
quickly
forgot
.
•
He
developed
only
a
passing
interest
in
chess
and
soon
stopped
playing
.
He
developed
only
a
passing
interest
in
chess
and
soon
stopped
playing
.
noun
the
death
of
a
person
,
spoken
of
in
a
gentle
or
respectful
way
•
We
were
deeply
saddened
by
the
passing
of
our
teacher
.
We
were
deeply
saddened
by
the
passing
of
our
teacher
.
•
After
her
grandmother's
passing
,
she
kept
the
old
locket
as
a
memory
.
After
her
grandmother's
passing
,
she
kept
the
old
locket
as
a
memory
.
noun
-
passing
the
action
of
sending
or
throwing
the
ball
to
a
teammate
in
sports
•
The
team's
quick
passing
confused
their
opponents
.
The
team's
quick
passing
confused
their
opponents
.
•
Good
passing
is
essential
in
basketball
.
Good
passing
is
essential
in
basketball
.
noun
-
passing
the
act
of
moving
beyond
something
or
the
movement
of
time
•
With
the
passing
of
the
years
,
the
town
has
changed
a
lot
.
With
the
passing
of
the
years
,
the
town
has
changed
a
lot
.
•
The
passing
of
the
train
shook
the
platform
.
The
passing
of
the
train
shook
the
platform
.
adverb
very
or
extremely
(
used
in
an
old-fashioned
or
literary
way
)
•
The
sight
was
passing
strange
to
behold
.
The
sight
was
passing
strange
to
behold
.
•
She
was
passing
fair
and
wise
.
She
was
passing
fair
and
wise
.
harassment
noun
-
harassment
repeated
unwanted
behaviour
that
annoys
,
frightens
,
or
pressures
someone
•
Online
harassment
forced
the
young
woman
to
close
her
social
media
accounts
.
Online
harassment
forced
the
young
woman
to
close
her
social
media
accounts
.
•
The
neighbors'
constant
loud
music
felt
like
a
kind
of
harassment
to
the
elderly
couple
.
The
neighbors'
constant
loud
music
felt
like
a
kind
of
harassment
to
the
elderly
couple
.
From
the
verb
“
harass
”
+
noun
suffix
“
-ment
”,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
1600s
;
ultimately
from
French
“
harasser
”
meaning
“
to
tire
out
,
worry
”.
noun
-
harassment
unwelcome
or
hostile
behaviour
,
especially
in
the
workplace
,
that
targets
someone
because
of
sex
,
race
,
religion
,
or
other
protected
traits
,
violating
their
legal
rights
•
The
company
dismissed
the
manager
after
an
investigation
confirmed
sexual
harassment
.
The
company
dismissed
the
manager
after
an
investigation
confirmed
sexual
harassment
.
•
All
employees
must
attend
annual
training
on
preventing
workplace
harassment
.
All
employees
must
attend
annual
training
on
preventing
workplace
harassment
.
Legal
sense
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
alongside
civil
rights
laws
that
protected
workers
from
discriminatory
treatment
.
grasp
verb
to
take
and
hold
something
firmly
with
your
hand
•
The
toddler
grasped
the
bright
red
balloon
before
it
floated
away
.
The
toddler
grasped
the
bright
red
balloon
before
it
floated
away
.
•
She
grasped
the
rail
tightly
as
the
bus
jerked
to
a
stop
.
She
grasped
the
rail
tightly
as
the
bus
jerked
to
a
stop
.
From
Old
English
græpsian
“
to
seize
”,
related
to
Old
Norse
grapa
“
to
snatch
”.
noun
a
firm
hold
with
the
hand
•
She
kept
a
tight
grasp
on
the
leash
as
the
dog
pulled
forward
.
She
kept
a
tight
grasp
on
the
leash
as
the
dog
pulled
forward
.
•
His
grasp
on
the
rope
slipped
,
and
he
nearly
fell
.
His
grasp
on
the
rope
slipped
,
and
he
nearly
fell
.
Same
Old
English
root
as
the
verb
,
originally
meaning
“
act
of
seizing
”.
verb
to
understand
something
fully
and
clearly
•
It
took
me
a
while
to
grasp
the
concept
of
quantum
physics
.
It
took
me
a
while
to
grasp
the
concept
of
quantum
physics
.
•
She
quickly
grasped
what
the
new
software
could
do
.
She
quickly
grasped
what
the
new
software
could
do
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
physical
sense
of
“
seize
”
dating
from
the
16th
century
.
noun
someone
’
s
ability
to
understand
or
achieve
something
•
The
basics
of
algebra
are
within
her
grasp
.
The
basics
of
algebra
are
within
her
grasp
.
•
Success
was
finally
in
his
grasp
after
years
of
hard
work
.
Success
was
finally
in
his
grasp
after
years
of
hard
work
.
Metaphorical
extension
recorded
since
the
late
17th
century
,
comparing
ideas
to
objects
that
can
be
held
.
classify
verb
-
classify
,
classifying
,
classifies
,
classified
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
because
they
share
certain
qualities
•
The
librarian
helped
a
student
classify
his
books
by
topic
.
The
librarian
helped
a
student
classify
his
books
by
topic
.
•
Scientists
classify
animals
by
looking
at
their
body
structures
.
Scientists
classify
animals
by
looking
at
their
body
structures
.
From
French
classifier
,
from
Latin
classis
“
group
”
+
facere
“
to
make
.”
verb
-
classify
,
classifying
,
classifies
,
classified
to
mark
information
as
secret
so
only
certain
people
can
see
it
•
The
agent
had
to
classify
the
report
before
handing
it
to
the
general
.
The
agent
had
to
classify
the
report
before
handing
it
to
the
general
.
•
Governments
often
classify
satellite
images
that
show
sensitive
locations
.
Governments
often
classify
satellite
images
that
show
sensitive
locations
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
;
modern
secret-information
meaning
arose
in
the
early
1900s
within
government
and
military
use
.
gasp
verb
to
breathe
in
suddenly
and
noisily
because
you
are
shocked
,
in
pain
,
or
struggling
for
air
•
Everyone
gasped
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
the
empty
hat
.
Everyone
gasped
when
the
magician
pulled
a
rabbit
from
the
empty
hat
.
•
The
swimmer
surfaced
,
gasping for breath
after
the
long
dive
.
The
swimmer
surfaced
,
gasping for breath
after
the
long
dive
.
Middle
English
gaspen
,
likely
of
Scandinavian
origin
;
related
to
Old
Norse
geispa
“
to
yawn
.”
noun
a
sudden
noisy
breath
taken
in
when
you
are
surprised
,
scared
,
or
short
of
air
•
A
loud
gasp
filled
the
room
when
the
painting
slipped
off
the
wall
.
A
loud
gasp
filled
the
room
when
the
painting
slipped
off
the
wall
.
•
With
a
final
gasp
,
the
candle
went
out
,
leaving
the
room
in
darkness
.
With
a
final
gasp
,
the
candle
went
out
,
leaving
the
room
in
darkness
.
Derived
from
the
verb
form
of
“
gasp
.”
First
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
17th
century
.
coastal
adjective
situated
on
or
near
the
sea
or
ocean
•
Many
species
of
seabirds
nest
in
coastal
cliffs
.
Many
species
of
seabirds
nest
in
coastal
cliffs
.
•
A
small
fishing
village
sits
along
the
coastal
road
,
its
boats
bobbing
gently
in
the
harbor
.
A
small
fishing
village
sits
along
the
coastal
road
,
its
boats
bobbing
gently
in
the
harbor
.
Formed
from
coast
+
the
adjective-forming
suffix
‑al
in
the
late
16th
century
.
northeast
noun
the
direction
exactly
halfway
between
north
and
east
on
a
compass
•
The
explorers
headed
toward
the
northeast
to
reach
the
next
village
.
The
explorers
headed
toward
the
northeast
to
reach
the
next
village
.
•
A
chilly
wind
blew
from
the
northeast
across
the
open
field
.
A
chilly
wind
blew
from
the
northeast
across
the
open
field
.
north
+
east
,
combined
since
Middle
English
to
name
the
intermediate
compass
point
adjective
located
in
,
coming
from
,
or
facing
toward
the
northeast
•
They
live
in
a
northeast
suburb
of
the
city
.
They
live
in
a
northeast
suburb
of
the
city
.
•
A
strong
northeast
wind
battered
the
lighthouse
.
A
strong
northeast
wind
battered
the
lighthouse
.
Derived
from
the
noun
form
,
used
attributively
since
the
16th
century
adverb
toward
or
in
the
direction
of
the
northeast
•
The
storm
is
moving
northeast
across
the
country
.
The
storm
is
moving
northeast
across
the
country
.
•
We
drove
northeast
for
two
hours
before
stopping
for
lunch
.
We
drove
northeast
for
two
hours
before
stopping
for
lunch
.
from
the
noun
phrase
‘
to
the
northeast
’,
later
used
adverbially
gasoline
noun
-
gasoline
a
clear
,
highly
flammable
liquid
made
from
petroleum
that
is
used
mainly
as
fuel
for
car
engines
and
other
internal-combustion
machines
•
The
mechanic
carefully
poured
gasoline
into
a
small
metal
tray
to
clean
the
engine
parts
.
The
mechanic
carefully
poured
gasoline
into
a
small
metal
tray
to
clean
the
engine
parts
.
•
We
had
to
stop
at
the
roadside
station
because
the
car
had
completely
run
out
of
gasoline
.
We
had
to
stop
at
the
roadside
station
because
the
car
had
completely
run
out
of
gasoline
.
Early
19th
century
:
originally
a
proprietary
name
ending
in
‑ine
,
patterned
after
earlier
‘
gasolene
’;
from
gas
+
-oline/-ene
.
soda
noun
a
sweet
,
flavored
drink
that
is
fizzy
because
it
contains
dissolved
carbon
dioxide
•
On
the
hot
summer
day
,
Jake
reached
into
the
cooler
and
pulled
out
an
ice-cold
soda
.
On
the
hot
summer
day
,
Jake
reached
into
the
cooler
and
pulled
out
an
ice-cold
soda
.
•
The
movie
theater
charged
five
dollars
for
a
large
soda
.
The
movie
theater
charged
five
dollars
for
a
large
soda
.
From
the
early
19th-century
term
“
soda
water
,”
shortened
over
time
in
American
English
.
noun
sodium
carbonate
,
a
white
alkaline
compound
used
in
making
glass
,
detergents
,
and
other
industrial
products
•
The
technician
dissolved
the
soda
in
warm
water
before
adding
the
dye
.
The
technician
dissolved
the
soda
in
warm
water
before
adding
the
dye
.
•
Glassmakers
melt
sand
with
soda
and
lime
to
create
window
panes
.
Glassmakers
melt
sand
with
soda
and
lime
to
create
window
panes
.
Borrowed
from
medieval
Latin
“
soda
,”
once
referring
to
a
saltwort
plant
whose
ashes
yielded
sodium
carbonate
.
casino
noun
a
building
or
room
where
people
gamble
at
games
of
chance
for
money
,
often
also
offering
food
,
drinks
,
and
live
entertainment
•
We
spent
the
evening
at
the
casino
playing
blackjack
and
enjoying
the
live
music
.
We
spent
the
evening
at
the
casino
playing
blackjack
and
enjoying
the
live
music
.
•
Bright
lights
flashed
as
visitors
walked
into
the
glamorous
casino
on
the
Las
Vegas
Strip
.
Bright
lights
flashed
as
visitors
walked
into
the
glamorous
casino
on
the
Las
Vegas
Strip
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
mid-18th
century
from
Italian
"
casino
",
literally
“
little
house
”,
a
diminutive
of
"
casa
" (“
house
”).
Early
English
use
referred
to
a
small
country
villa
used
for
social
gatherings
;
over
time
it
came
to
mean
a
public
building
for
music
,
dancing
,
and
eventually
gambling
.
noun
-
casino
a
card
game
for
two
to
four
players
in
which
players
capture
cards
from
a
layout
on
the
table
to
score
points
•
After
dinner
,
the
grandparents
taught
the
children
how
to
play
casino
.
After
dinner
,
the
grandparents
taught
the
children
how
to
play
casino
.
•
She
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
out
the
cards
for
a
friendly
game
of
casino
.
She
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
out
the
cards
for
a
friendly
game
of
casino
.
The
card
game
name
dates
to
the
late
18th
century
,
from
Italian
"
casino
"
in
the
sense
of
“
little
house
”
or
“
social
club
,”
where
such
games
were
often
played
.
plea
noun
an
urgent
and
often
emotional
request
for
help
,
support
,
or
action
•
The
charity
worker
made
a
heartfelt
plea
for
donations
after
the
earthquake
.
The
charity
worker
made
a
heartfelt
plea
for
donations
after
the
earthquake
.
•
The
mother's
tearful
plea
convinced
the
doctor
to
stay
and
operate
.
The
mother's
tearful
plea
convinced
the
doctor
to
stay
and
operate
.
noun
an
excuse
or
reason
offered
to
justify
or
defend
one
’
s
actions
•
He
made
the
plea
of
ignorance
when
caught
parking
in
the
disabled
spot
.
He
made
the
plea
of
ignorance
when
caught
parking
in
the
disabled
spot
.
•
Their
late
arrival
was
met
with
the
flimsy
plea
that
the
alarm
hadn't
gone
off
.
Their
late
arrival
was
met
with
the
flimsy
plea
that
the
alarm
hadn't
gone
off
.
noun
a
formal
statement
by
someone
accused
of
a
crime
saying
whether
they
are
guilty
or
not
guilty
•
The
defendant
entered
a
not-guilty
plea
at
the
arraignment
.
The
defendant
entered
a
not-guilty
plea
at
the
arraignment
.
•
On
the
advice
of
his
lawyer
,
he
changed
his
plea
to
guilty
.
On
the
advice
of
his
lawyer
,
he
changed
his
plea
to
guilty
.
embarrassed
adjective
feeling
awkward
,
ashamed
,
or
self-conscious
because
of
something
that
has
happened
•
Maria
felt
embarrassed
when
she
forgot
her
friend's
name
.
Maria
felt
embarrassed
when
she
forgot
her
friend's
name
.
•
The
young
man
turned
bright
red
,
clearly
embarrassed
by
the
surprise
applause
.
The
young
man
turned
bright
red
,
clearly
embarrassed
by
the
surprise
applause
.
verb
-
embarrass
,
embarrassing
,
embarrasses
,
embarrassed
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
embarrass
•
Her
sudden
question
embarrassed
him
in
front
of
everyone
.
Her
sudden
question
embarrassed
him
in
front
of
everyone
.
•
The
typo
in
the
headline
embarrassed
the
newspaper
editor
.
The
typo
in
the
headline
embarrassed
the
newspaper
editor
.
adjective
having
very
little
money
and
finding
it
hard
to
pay
for
things
•
After
paying
for
the
repairs
,
the
couple
was
embarrassed
for
cash
.
After
paying
for
the
repairs
,
the
couple
was
embarrassed
for
cash
.
•
The
financially
embarrassed
artist
sold
a
few
paintings
to
cover
rent
.
The
financially
embarrassed
artist
sold
a
few
paintings
to
cover
rent
.
casualty
noun
-
casualty
,
casualties
the
part
of
a
British
hospital
where
people
receive
emergency
treatment
;
the
emergency
department
•
She
rushed
her
son
to
casualty
after
he
broke
his
arm
.
She
rushed
her
son
to
casualty
after
he
broke
his
arm
.
•
The
waiting
time
in
casualty
was
over
two
hours
.
The
waiting
time
in
casualty
was
over
two
hours
.
British
hospital
slang
from
the
early
20th
century
,
shortening
of
“
casualty
department
”.
noun
-
casualty
,
casualties
a
person
who
is
killed
or
hurt
in
an
accident
,
war
,
or
other
violent
event
•
The
battle
ended
at
dawn
with
over
fifty
casualties
on
both
sides
.
The
battle
ended
at
dawn
with
over
fifty
casualties
on
both
sides
.
•
Paramedics
rushed
to
the
scene
to
treat
the
casualty
lying
on
the
roadside
.
Paramedics
rushed
to
the
scene
to
treat
the
casualty
lying
on
the
roadside
.
Late
15th
century
:
from
casualty
meaning
‘
chance
’,
later
‘
accident
’,
from
Latin
casus
‘
fall
,
case
’.
noun
-
casualty
,
casualties
something
that
is
damaged
,
lost
,
or
stops
existing
because
of
an
event
or
change
•
The
local
bookstore
became
a
casualty
of
the
economic
downturn
.
The
local
bookstore
became
a
casualty
of
the
economic
downturn
.
•
Honesty
was
the
first
casualty
in
their
heated
argument
.
Honesty
was
the
first
casualty
in
their
heated
argument
.
Extension
of
the
primary
sense
‘
accidental
loss
or
injury
’
to
abstract
losses
from
the
19th
century
onward
.
noun
-
casualty
,
casualties
losses
or
claims
covered
by
certain
kinds
of
insurance
,
especially
property
or
liability
insurance
•
He
works
in
property
and
casualty
at
a
large
insurance
firm
.
He
works
in
property
and
casualty
at
a
large
insurance
firm
.
•
The
report
analyzed
the
company's
casualty
losses
over
the
year
.
The
report
analyzed
the
company's
casualty
losses
over
the
year
.
Adopted
in
early
20th-century
American
insurance
jargon
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
accidental
loss
’
to
financial
coverage
.
banana
noun
a
long
curved
fruit
with
a
smooth
yellow
skin
and
soft
sweet
flesh
inside
•
Ella
peeled
a
ripe
banana
for
her
snack
.
Ella
peeled
a
ripe
banana
for
her
snack
.
•
The
monkeys
at
the
zoo
happily
shared
a
bunch
of
bananas
.
The
monkeys
at
the
zoo
happily
shared
a
bunch
of
bananas
.
Borrowed
into
English
around
the
16th
century
from
Portuguese
or
Spanish
“
banana
,”
which
likely
came
from
a
West
African
language
such
as
Wolof
.
noun
the
tropical
plant
that
produces
bananas
,
with
a
thick
stem
like
a
trunk
and
very
large
green
leaves
•
Workers
trimmed
the
dried
leaves
from
the
banana
plants
after
the
storm
.
Workers
trimmed
the
dried
leaves
from
the
banana
plants
after
the
storm
.
•
A
young
sapling
soon
grows
into
a
full-sized
banana
within
a
year
.
A
young
sapling
soon
grows
into
a
full-sized
banana
within
a
year
.
Same
origin
as
the
fruit
sense
;
over
time
the
word
was
extended
from
the
fruit
to
the
plant
itself
.
noun
(
informal
)
a
person
who
behaves
in
a
very
silly
or
crazy
way
•
He
’
s
such
a
banana
—
he
once
tried
to
teach
his
dog
to
skateboard
in
the
kitchen
.
He
’
s
such
a
banana
—
he
once
tried
to
teach
his
dog
to
skateboard
in
the
kitchen
.
•
Don
’
t
listen
to
her
;
she
’
s
acting
like
a
total
banana
today
.
Don
’
t
listen
to
her
;
she
’
s
acting
like
a
total
banana
today
.
The
playful
use
of
“
banana
”
for
a
silly
person
probably
arose
in
20th-century
American
slang
,
aided
by
rhyming
phrases
like
“
go
bananas
.”
grandma
noun
a
woman
who
is
the
mother
of
one
’
s
father
or
mother
;
an
informal
word
for
grandmother
•
My
grandma
bakes
the
best
chocolate-chip
cookies
.
My
grandma
bakes
the
best
chocolate-chip
cookies
.
•
We
visit
my
grandma
every
Sunday
for
lunch
.
We
visit
my
grandma
every
Sunday
for
lunch
.
Early
19th-century
contraction
of
“
grandmother
,”
patterned
on
earlier
pet-names
like
“
mama
”
and
“
papa
.”
passionate
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
very
strong
feelings
,
enthusiasm
,
or
excitement
•
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
•
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
From
Middle
French
passionné
,
from
passion
+
-ate
.
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
strong
romantic
or
sexual
feelings
•
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
•
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
Same
origin
as
principal
sense
:
Middle
French
passionné
,
rooted
in
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
,
feeling
’.
noun
a
person
who
is
full
of
strong
feelings
or
enthusiasm
•
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
•
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
used
since
the
17th
century
to
label
a
person
driven
by
passion
.
compassion
noun
-
compassion
a
strong
feeling
of
sympathy
for
someone
who
is
suffering
,
together
with
a
desire
to
help
•
The
nurse
showed
deep
compassion
for
her
injured
patients
.
The
nurse
showed
deep
compassion
for
her
injured
patients
.
•
Out
of
compassion
,
he
stopped
his
car
to
help
the
lost
puppy
.
Out
of
compassion
,
he
stopped
his
car
to
help
the
lost
puppy
.
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
compassio
(
n-
) ‘
sympathy
’,
from
compati
‘
suffer
with
’.
blast
noun
A
sudden
strong
rush
of
air
,
wind
,
heat
,
or
loud
sound
.
•
A
cold
blast
of
wind
met
us
when
we
opened
the
cabin
door
.
A
cold
blast
of
wind
met
us
when
we
opened
the
cabin
door
.
•
The
train
’
s
horn
sent
a
loud
blast
echoing
across
the
valley
.
The
train
’
s
horn
sent
a
loud
blast
echoing
across
the
valley
.
Sense
extended
from
the
idea
of
air
being
forcefully
blown
.
noun
(
Informal
)
A
very
enjoyable
and
exciting
experience
.
•
The
birthday
party
was
a
blast
with
games
,
music
,
and
laughter
.
The
birthday
party
was
a
blast
with
games
,
music
,
and
laughter
.
•
We
had
a
real
blast
at
the
amusement
park
yesterday
.
We
had
a
real
blast
at
the
amusement
park
yesterday
.
Figurative
use
from
the
idea
of
an
event
hitting
you
with
sudden
force
,
like
an
explosion
of
fun
.
verb
-
blast
,
blasting
,
blasts
,
blasted
To
make
or
cause
to
make
a
very
loud
sound
;
to
play
music
extremely
loudly
.
•
She
blasted
her
favorite
song
while
cleaning
the
house
.
She
blasted
her
favorite
song
while
cleaning
the
house
.
•
The
speakers
blast
music
so
loud
that
the
floor
vibrates
.
The
speakers
blast
music
so
loud
that
the
floor
vibrates
.
From
the
idea
of
an
explosive
noise
,
later
applied
to
loud
music
or
horns
.
interjection
(
Exclamation
)
Used
to
express
annoyance
,
frustration
,
or
anger
.
•
Blast
!
I
left
my
keys
inside
the
car
.
Blast
!
I
left
my
keys
inside
the
car
.
•
Blast
!
The
computer
just
crashed
again
.
Blast
!
The
computer
just
crashed
again
.
Exclamation
recorded
since
the
17th
century
,
originally
a
mild
oath
calling
on
an
explosion
of
bad
luck
.
noun
A
sudden
,
violent
explosion
that
breaks
or
tears
things
apart
.
•
A
sudden
blast
shook
the
mountain
when
the
miners
set
off
the
dynamite
.
A
sudden
blast
shook
the
mountain
when
the
miners
set
off
the
dynamite
.
•
The
old
bridge
was
destroyed
in
a
huge
blast
.
The
old
bridge
was
destroyed
in
a
huge
blast
.
From
Old
English
blǣst
“
blowing
,
breath
of
wind
”,
related
to
the
verb
“
blow
”.
verb
-
blast
,
blasting
,
blasts
,
blasted
To
break
apart
or
destroy
something
with
explosives
or
great
force
.
•
Engineers
blasted
a
tunnel
through
the
mountain
for
the
new
railway
.
Engineers
blasted
a
tunnel
through
the
mountain
for
the
new
railway
.
•
Workers
will
blast
the
old
warehouse
to
clear
space
for
the
park
.
Workers
will
blast
the
old
warehouse
to
clear
space
for
the
park
.
Developed
from
noun
sense
of
an
explosion
,
turned
into
a
verb
in
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
blast
,
blasting
,
blasts
,
blasted
To
sharply
and
publicly
criticize
someone
or
something
.
•
The
coach
blasted
the
team
for
their
lack
of
effort
.
The
coach
blasted
the
team
for
their
lack
of
effort
.
•
Reporters
blasted
the
company
for
hiding
the
safety
report
.
Reporters
blasted
the
company
for
hiding
the
safety
report
.
Figurative
extension
from
the
force
of
an
explosion
to
the
force
of
harsh
words
.
canvas
noun
-
canvas
,
canvases
a
strong
,
heavy
cloth
made
from
cotton
,
hemp
,
or
similar
threads
that
is
used
to
make
sails
,
tents
,
bags
,
and
as
a
surface
for
painting
•
The
campers
stretched
a
sheet
of
canvas
over
the
frame
to
make
a
shelter
.
The
campers
stretched
a
sheet
of
canvas
over
the
frame
to
make
a
shelter
.
•
The
sailor
mended
the
torn
canvas
sail
before
the
storm
arrived
.
The
sailor
mended
the
torn
canvas
sail
before
the
storm
arrived
.
Middle
English
canevas
,
from
Old
French
canevas
,
from
Latin
cannabis
“
hemp
,”
referring
to
the
plant
historically
used
to
make
the
cloth
.
noun
-
canvas
,
canvases
a
painting
or
other
artwork
that
has
been
created
on
a
piece
of
canvas
cloth
•
The
museum
bought
a
famous
canvas
by
Monet
for
its
new
exhibit
.
The
museum
bought
a
famous
canvas
by
Monet
for
its
new
exhibit
.
•
She
hung
her
first
finished
canvas
over
the
fireplace
.
She
hung
her
first
finished
canvas
over
the
fireplace
.
By
extension
from
the
material
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
to
mean
a
painting
on
canvas
.
noun
-
canvas
,
canvases
the
blank
working
area
in
a
computer
program
or
website
where
you
create
,
draw
,
or
arrange
images
,
text
,
or
other
elements
•
She
dragged
the
photo
onto
the
canvas
and
resized
it
.
She
dragged
the
photo
onto
the
canvas
and
resized
it
.
•
The
design
software
lets
you
zoom
out
to
see
the
entire
canvas
.
The
design
software
lets
you
zoom
out
to
see
the
entire
canvas
.
Borrowed
metaphorically
from
the
artist
’
s
canvas
when
graphical
software
became
common
in
the
late
20th
century
.
noun
-
canvas
,
canvases
the
floor
surface
of
a
boxing
or
wrestling
ring
,
traditionally
covered
with
canvas
cloth
•
The
boxer
fell
to
the
canvas
after
a
powerful
uppercut
.
The
boxer
fell
to
the
canvas
after
a
powerful
uppercut
.
•
Sweat
splashed
onto
the
canvas
as
the
fighters
traded
blows
.
Sweat
splashed
onto
the
canvas
as
the
fighters
traded
blows
.
From
the
practice
of
stretching
heavy
canvas
cloth
over
the
wooden
boards
of
early
boxing
rings
.