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π
as
conjunction
at
the
same
time
that
another
thing
happens
β’
As
the
movie
ended
,
the
audience
stood
up
to
applaud
.
As
the
movie
ended
,
the
audience
stood
up
to
applaud
.
β’
She
smiled
as
she
opened
the
birthday
gift
.
She
smiled
as
she
opened
the
birthday
gift
.
Old
English
β
eallswΔ
β (
all
so
,
likewise
)
shortened
over
time
to
β
als
β
and
later
β
as
β.
adverb
to
the
same
degree
or
amount
(
used
in
comparisons
)
β’
He
is
as
tall
as
his
brother
.
He
is
as
tall
as
his
brother
.
β’
This
puzzle
is
as
easy
as
that
one
.
This
puzzle
is
as
easy
as
that
one
.
From
use
of
β
as
β
in
Old
English
comparisons
expressing
equality
.
preposition
in
the
role
,
capacity
,
or
form
of
someone
or
something
β’
She
was
hired
as
a
nurse
at
the
local
clinic
.
She
was
hired
as
a
nurse
at
the
local
clinic
.
β’
During
the
festival
,
he
dressed
as
a
clown
to
entertain
the
children
.
During
the
festival
,
he
dressed
as
a
clown
to
entertain
the
children
.
adverb
to
the
same
degree
or
amount
;
equally
β’
This
backpack
is
as
light
as
a
feather
.
This
backpack
is
as
light
as
a
feather
.
β’
She
sings
as
beautifully
as
her
sister
.
She
sings
as
beautifully
as
her
sister
.
conjunction
because
;
for
the
reason
that
β’
As
it
was
raining
,
we
decided
to
stay
indoors
.
As
it
was
raining
,
we
decided
to
stay
indoors
.
β’
The
flight
was
delayed
as
the
fog
was
too
thick
.
The
flight
was
delayed
as
the
fog
was
too
thick
.
Developed
from
earlier
causal
use
of
Old
English
β
alswΔ
β,
meaning
β
in
the
same
way
,
since
β.
preposition
in
the
role
,
function
,
or
form
of
β’
She
works
as
a
nurse
in
the
city
hospital
.
She
works
as
a
nurse
in
the
city
hospital
.
β’
The
box
can
be
used
as
a
small
table
.
The
box
can
be
used
as
a
small
table
.
Sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
comparison
meaning
to
denote
a
person
β
s
function
.
conjunction
while
;
at
the
same
time
that
β’
As
I
was
crossing
the
street
,
the
lights
suddenly
changed
.
As
I
was
crossing
the
street
,
the
lights
suddenly
changed
.
β’
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
runner
crossed
the
finish
line
.
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
runner
crossed
the
finish
line
.
conjunction
while
something
else
is
happening
β’
As
she
stirred
the
soup
,
the
phone
rang
.
As
she
stirred
the
soup
,
the
phone
rang
.
β’
We
chatted
as
we
walked
through
the
park
.
We
chatted
as
we
walked
through
the
park
.
adverb
used
in
comparisons
to
show
equal
degree
or
amount
β’
She
is
as
tall
as
her
brother
.
She
is
as
tall
as
her
brother
.
β’
This
puzzle
is
as
hard
as
the
last
one
.
This
puzzle
is
as
hard
as
the
last
one
.
conjunction
because
;
since
β’
As
it
was
getting
late
,
we
decided
to
leave
.
As
it
was
getting
late
,
we
decided
to
leave
.
β’
I
took
an
umbrella
as
rain
was
forecast
.
I
took
an
umbrella
as
rain
was
forecast
.
conjunction
because
;
since
β’
As
it
was
raining
,
we
postponed
the
picnic
.
As
it
was
raining
,
we
postponed
the
picnic
.
β’
He
decided
to
leave
early
as
he
felt
unwell
.
He
decided
to
leave
early
as
he
felt
unwell
.
preposition
in
the
role
,
function
,
or
form
of
β’
He
works
as
a
nurse
at
the
city
hospital
.
He
works
as
a
nurse
at
the
city
hospital
.
β’
Use
this
box
as
a
footstool
.
Use
this
box
as
a
footstool
.
ask
verb
to
put
a
question
to
someone
in
order
to
get
information
β’
The
student
asked
the
teacher
about
the
homework
.
The
student
asked
the
teacher
about
the
homework
.
β’
I
asked
if
the
library
stayed
open
late
on
Fridays
.
I
asked
if
the
library
stayed
open
late
on
Fridays
.
Old
English
β
ascian
β
/
β
Γ¦scean
β,
meaning
to
seek
or
demand
,
gradually
becoming
β
ask
β
in
Middle
English
.
verb
to
tell
someone
that
you
want
something
to
happen
or
that
you
want
them
to
give
you
something
β’
He
asked
his
friend
for
a
ride
home
.
He
asked
his
friend
for
a
ride
home
.
β’
Could
you
ask
the
waiter
for
some
water
?
Could
you
ask
the
waiter
for
some
water
?
verb
to
invite
someone
to
do
something
or
to
go
somewhere
β’
He
asked
her
to
the
concert
on
Saturday
.
He
asked
her
to
the
concert
on
Saturday
.
β’
We
asked
them
over
for
dinner
next
week
.
We
asked
them
over
for
dinner
next
week
.
verb
to
say
what
price
you
want
for
something
you
are
selling
β’
The
owner
asked
$5
,
000
for
the
used
car
.
The
owner
asked
$5
,
000
for
the
used
car
.
β’
They
β
re
asking
too
much
for
that
house
.
They
β
re
asking
too
much
for
that
house
.
noun
a
request
or
expectation
placed
on
someone
,
especially
when
it
is
large
or
difficult
β’
Finishing
the
project
in
one
day
was
a
huge
ask
.
Finishing
the
project
in
one
day
was
a
huge
ask
.
β’
Funding
the
trip
was
a
big
ask
for
the
small
charity
.
Funding
the
trip
was
a
big
ask
for
the
small
charity
.
noun
the
price
or
amount
of
money
that
someone
wants
for
something
β’
At
that
ask
,
no
one
will
buy
the
watch
.
At
that
ask
,
no
one
will
buy
the
watch
.
β’
The
seller
β
s
initial
ask
was
too
high
for
bidders
.
The
seller
β
s
initial
ask
was
too
high
for
bidders
.
association
noun
a
group
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
interest
,
or
activity
β’
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
β’
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
From
Latin
β
associΔtiΕ
β
meaning
β
union
,
alliance
,β
from
β
associate
β
+
β
-ion
.β
noun
a
mental
or
causal
connection
or
link
between
ideas
,
things
,
or
people
β’
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
β’
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
Sense
of
β
connection
of
ideas
β
recorded
since
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
philosophical
writings
on
how
thoughts
combine
.
assume
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
accept
something
is
true
or
will
happen
,
often
without
proof
β’
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
β’
Don
β
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
Don
β
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
From
Latin
assumere
β
to
take
up
,
adopt
β,
from
ad-
β
toward
β
+
sumere
β
to
take
β.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
take
on
a
duty
,
role
,
or
position
β’
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
β’
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
begin
to
have
a
particular
appearance
,
quality
,
or
form
β’
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
β’
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
pretend
to
have
a
particular
quality
or
identity
β’
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
β’
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
associate
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
mentally
connect
one
person
,
thing
,
or
idea
with
another
β’
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
β’
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
"
associΔre
"
meaning
β
to
unite
with
β.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
spend
time
socially
with
someone
β’
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
β’
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
noun
a
colleague
,
partner
,
or
companion
who
works
or
spends
time
with
you
β’
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
β’
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
join
with
a
group
,
organization
,
or
cause
as
a
partner
or
member
β’
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
β’
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
adjective
having
a
rank
or
position
that
is
connected
but
not
full
or
permanent
β’
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
β’
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
aspect
noun
one
particular
part
or
feature
of
a
situation
,
idea
,
or
thing
β’
The
safety
aspect
of
the
new
playground
was
very
important
to
parents
.
The
safety
aspect
of
the
new
playground
was
very
important
to
parents
.
β’
Cost
is
only
one
aspect
we
must
consider
before
we
buy
the
car
.
Cost
is
only
one
aspect
we
must
consider
before
we
buy
the
car
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
aspectus
β
a
seeing
,
look
,
appearance
β,
from
ad-
β
towards
β
+
spectare
β
to
look
β.
noun
the
way
something
or
someone
appears
to
other
people
β’
The
gloomy
weather
gave
the
city
a
dull
aspect
.
The
gloomy
weather
gave
the
city
a
dull
aspect
.
β’
Her
cheerful
aspect
made
everyone
feel
welcome
.
Her
cheerful
aspect
made
everyone
feel
welcome
.
noun
the
direction
in
which
a
building
,
window
,
or
piece
of
land
faces
β’
The
apartment's
south-facing
aspect
lets
in
plenty
of
sunlight
.
The
apartment's
south-facing
aspect
lets
in
plenty
of
sunlight
.
β’
Gardeners
prefer
a
western
aspect
for
their
greenhouse
.
Gardeners
prefer
a
western
aspect
for
their
greenhouse
.
noun
in
grammar
,
a
form
of
a
verb
that
shows
whether
an
action
is
completed
,
ongoing
,
repeated
,
etc
.
β’
In
English
,
the
perfect
aspect
shows
that
an
action
is
finished
.
In
English
,
the
perfect
aspect
shows
that
an
action
is
finished
.
β’
Students
often
confuse
tense
with
aspect
.
Students
often
confuse
tense
with
aspect
.
noun
in
astrology
,
the
angle
formed
between
two
planets
,
said
to
influence
events
on
Earth
β’
The
horoscope
said
the
favorable
aspect
between
Venus
and
Jupiter
would
bring
luck
.
The
horoscope
said
the
favorable
aspect
between
Venus
and
Jupiter
would
bring
luck
.
β’
Astrologers
studied
the
challenging
square
aspect
in
his
birth
chart
.
Astrologers
studied
the
challenging
square
aspect
in
his
birth
chart
.
assessment
noun
a
test
or
other
task
designed
to
measure
a
student
β
s
knowledge
,
skills
,
or
progress
β’
The
final
math
assessment
will
cover
algebra
and
geometry
.
The
final
math
assessment
will
cover
algebra
and
geometry
.
β’
All
trainees
completed
an
online
assessment
at
the
end
of
the
course
.
All
trainees
completed
an
online
assessment
at
the
end
of
the
course
.
Educational
use
expanded
in
the
20th
century
,
influenced
by
standardized
testing
.
noun
a
careful
judgment
or
opinion
about
the
quality
,
value
,
or
importance
of
someone
or
something
β’
The
manager
β
s
assessment
of
the
project
was
very
positive
.
The
manager
β
s
assessment
of
the
project
was
very
positive
.
β’
After
the
rehearsal
,
the
director
shared
her
honest
assessment
of
the
actors
β
performances
.
After
the
rehearsal
,
the
director
shared
her
honest
assessment
of
the
actors
β
performances
.
From
assess
+β
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
an
official
calculation
of
the
value
of
something
,
especially
for
the
purpose
of
charging
tax
or
a
fee
;
the
amount
determined
β’
The
city
sent
us
an
assessment
for
road
repairs
on
our
street
.
The
city
sent
us
an
assessment
for
road
repairs
on
our
street
.
β’
Our
property
tax
assessment
increased
after
the
renovation
.
Our
property
tax
assessment
increased
after
the
renovation
.
Legal
and
financial
use
dates
from
the
18th
century
,
tied
to
systems
of
property
taxation
.
ass
noun
-
ass
,
asses
a
domesticated
animal
related
to
the
horse
,
with
long
ears
and
a
loud
bray
,
also
called
a
donkey
β’
The
farmer
loaded
hay
onto
the
ass
to
carry
to
the
barn
.
The
farmer
loaded
hay
onto
the
ass
to
carry
to
the
barn
.
β’
In
many
desert
villages
,
an
ass
is
still
used
for
transportation
.
In
many
desert
villages
,
an
ass
is
still
used
for
transportation
.
Old
English
β
ass
(
a
)β,
from
Latin
β
asinus
β,
meaning
donkey
.
assess
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
carefully
judge
or
decide
the
value
,
quality
,
importance
,
or
condition
of
something
β’
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
the
inspector
carefully
assessed
the
structure
for
any
hidden
damage
.
β’
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
The
teacher
will
assess
the
students'
presentations
tomorrow
.
from
Latin
β
assessus
β,
past
participle
of
β
assidΔre
β
meaning
β
to
sit
beside
β (
as
a
judge
)
β
later
β
to
fix
the
amount
of
a
tax
β
then
β
to
evaluate
β.
verb
-
assess
,
assessing
,
assesses
,
assessed
to
officially
determine
and
charge
the
amount
of
money
someone
must
pay
,
especially
as
a
tax
,
fine
,
or
fee
β’
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
The
city
government
assessed
a
new
parking
fee
on
downtown
businesses
.
β’
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
If
you
file
your
taxes
late
,
the
agency
can
assess
penalties
.
The
sense
of
charging
money
developed
in
15th-century
English
from
the
earlier
meaning
of
β
fix
a
tax
amount
β.
aside
adverb
to
or
toward
one
side
,
so
that
you
are
not
blocking
,
touching
,
or
mixing
with
something
else
β’
She
stepped
aside
to
let
the
elderly
man
pass
.
She
stepped
aside
to
let
the
elderly
man
pass
.
β’
Please
put
your
toys
aside
before
dinner
.
Please
put
your
toys
aside
before
dinner
.
From
Middle
English
asiden
,
combining
a-
(
meaning
β
on
,
in
,
to
β)
and
side
.
adverb
kept
,
saved
,
or
set
away
for
a
particular
purpose
or
future
time
β’
She
sets
a
little
money
aside
each
month
for
holidays
.
She
sets
a
little
money
aside
each
month
for
holidays
.
β’
Please
put
that
slice
of
cake
aside
for
your
brother
.
Please
put
that
slice
of
cake
aside
for
your
brother
.
noun
a
quick
remark
spoken
quietly
or
directly
to
the
audience
so
that
most
people
nearby
are
not
meant
to
hear
it
β’
The
actor
delivered
a
humorous
aside
that
made
the
audience
laugh
.
The
actor
delivered
a
humorous
aside
that
made
the
audience
laugh
.
β’
She
couldn
β
t
resist
making
an
aside
about
his
new
haircut
.
She
couldn
β
t
resist
making
an
aside
about
his
new
haircut
.
noun
a
comment
or
digression
that
is
not
part
of
the
main
topic
of
discussion
β’
After
a
long
technical
explanation
,
the
professor
added
an
amusing
aside
about
his
dog
.
After
a
long
technical
explanation
,
the
professor
added
an
amusing
aside
about
his
dog
.
β’
Her
article
was
clear
,
except
for
one
confusing
aside
in
the
middle
.
Her
article
was
clear
,
except
for
one
confusing
aside
in
the
middle
.
asset
noun
a
person
,
skill
,
or
quality
that
is
very
useful
and
helps
to
achieve
success
β’
His
ability
to
speak
three
languages
is
a
great
asset
to
the
team
.
His
ability
to
speak
three
languages
is
a
great
asset
to
the
team
.
β’
Honesty
is
an
asset
in
any
relationship
.
Honesty
is
an
asset
in
any
relationship
.
Same
historical
root
as
the
financial
sense
:
from
Anglo-French
assets
meaning
β
enough
,β
later
extended
to
anything
helpful
or
advantageous
.
noun
something
valuable
that
a
person
or
organization
owns
and
that
can
be
turned
into
money
β’
The
company's
biggest
asset
is
its
loyal
customer
base
.
The
company's
biggest
asset
is
its
loyal
customer
base
.
β’
She
sold
several
assets
to
pay
off
her
debts
.
She
sold
several
assets
to
pay
off
her
debts
.
Early
1500s
:
from
Anglo-French
assets
,
from
Old
French
assez
β
enough
β,
originally
a
legal
term
meaning
that
the
deceased
left
enough
goods
to
cover
debts
.
assistance
noun
-
assistance
help
,
support
,
or
aid
given
to
someone
who
needs
it
.
β’
The
old
man
asked
his
neighbor
for
assistance
carrying
the
heavy
groceries
upstairs
.
The
old
man
asked
his
neighbor
for
assistance
carrying
the
heavy
groceries
upstairs
.
β’
If
you
have
any
questions
,
our
customer
service
team
is
available
to
offer
assistance
24/7
.
If
you
have
any
questions
,
our
customer
service
team
is
available
to
offer
assistance
24/7
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
assister
β
to
assist
β.
noun
-
assistance
the
act
of
being
present
at
a
place
or
event
;
attendance
.
β’
Your
assistance
at
tomorrow's
staff
meeting
is
mandatory
.
Your
assistance
at
tomorrow's
staff
meeting
is
mandatory
.
β’
The
ceremony
will
take
place
at
noon
,
and
the
mayor's
assistance
has
been
confirmed
.
The
ceremony
will
take
place
at
noon
,
and
the
mayor's
assistance
has
been
confirmed
.
From
French
assistance
β
presence
β,
a
sense
carried
into
early
Modern
English
.
assist
verb
to
help
someone
or
make
it
easier
for
them
to
do
something
β’
The
nurse
hurried
over
to
assist
the
elderly
man
in
finding
his
seat
.
The
nurse
hurried
over
to
assist
the
elderly
man
in
finding
his
seat
.
β’
Could
you
assist
me
with
this
heavy
suitcase
?
Could
you
assist
me
with
this
heavy
suitcase
?
From
Middle
French
assister
,
from
Latin
assistere
meaning
β
to
stand
by
,
help
β.
noun
in
sports
,
a
pass
or
action
that
directly
helps
a
teammate
score
a
point
or
goal
β’
The
striker
scored
thanks
to
an
amazing
assist
from
the
left-winger
.
The
striker
scored
thanks
to
an
amazing
assist
from
the
left-winger
.
β’
She
finished
the
game
with
twelve
assists
and
a
big
smile
.
She
finished
the
game
with
twelve
assists
and
a
big
smile
.
Sense
developed
in
late
19th-century
North
American
sports
reporting
,
extending
the
verb
β
s
idea
of
helping
to
team
play
.
noun
help
or
support
that
you
give
to
someone
β’
Thanks
for
your
quick
assist
with
the
report
.
Thanks
for
your
quick
assist
with
the
report
.
β’
The
new
search
function
is
a
huge
assist
for
students
doing
research
.
The
new
search
function
is
a
huge
assist
for
students
doing
research
.
A
19th-century
back-formation
from
the
verb
,
influenced
by
the
older
noun
β
assistance
β.
assumption
noun
Something
that
you
accept
as
true
or
certain
without
having
proof
.
β’
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
β’
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
From
Latin
assumptiΕ
(
a
taking
up
),
from
assumere
β
to
take
up
,
adopt
.β
noun
-
assumption
The
act
of
taking
on
a
role
,
responsibility
,
or
duty
.
β’
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
β’
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
but
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
meaning
β
taking
up
β.
noun
The
act
of
taking
something
for
oneself
,
especially
without
permission
or
right
.
β’
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
β’
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Extended
from
Latin
sense
of
β
taking
up
β
to
signify
seizure
or
appropriation
in
Middle
English
.
assault
noun
a
violent
physical
attack
on
someone
β’
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
The
victim
reported
the
assault
to
the
police
.
β’
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Security
cameras
captured
the
brutal
assault
in
the
parking
lot
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
asaut
,
based
on
Latin
ad-
β
towards
β
+
saltus
β
leaping
β.
noun
a
sudden
,
forceful
attack
by
soldiers
on
a
place
or
position
β’
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
The
army
launched
an
assault
on
the
enemy
fort
at
dawn
.
β’
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
After
a
three-day
siege
,
the
final
assault
began
.
verb
-
assault
,
assaulting
,
assaults
,
assaulted
to
attack
someone
suddenly
and
violently
β’
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
The
intruder
assaulted
the
homeowner
with
a
metal
bar
.
β’
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
Protesters
claimed
the
police
had
assaulted
them
during
the
arrest
.
noun
the
crime
of
threatening
or
trying
to
hurt
someone
,
even
if
no
physical
contact
happens
β’
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
He
was
arrested
for
assault
after
swinging
a
chair
at
the
bouncer
.
β’
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
Under
the
law
,
pointing
a
loaded
gun
at
someone
counts
as
assault
.
assign
verb
to
give
someone
a
particular
job
or
responsibility
to
do
β’
The
manager
assigned
each
volunteer
a
role
at
the
charity
event
.
The
manager
assigned
each
volunteer
a
role
at
the
charity
event
.
β’
Our
teacher
will
assign
a
science
project
tomorrow
.
Our
teacher
will
assign
a
science
project
tomorrow
.
Middle
English
β
assignen
β,
from
Old
French
β
assigner
β,
from
Latin
β
assignare
β (
mark
out
,
allot
),
from
β
ad-
β (
to
)
+
β
signare
β (
to
mark
).
verb
to
designate
a
particular
place
,
number
,
or
resource
for
someone
β
s
use
β’
The
airline
assigned
me
seat
12A
.
The
airline
assigned
me
seat
12A
.
β’
Each
student
was
assigned
a
locker
for
the
year
.
Each
student
was
assigned
a
locker
for
the
year
.
verb
to
legally
transfer
the
ownership
of
rights
or
property
to
another
person
β’
The
inventor
assigned
his
patent
to
the
company
.
The
inventor
assigned
his
patent
to
the
company
.
β’
She
assigned
her
copyright
to
the
publisher
.
She
assigned
her
copyright
to
the
publisher
.
assure
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
tell
someone
something
firmly
so
that
they
stop
worrying
and
feel
certain
about
it
β’
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
β’
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
from
Old
French
assurer
β
to
make
safe
,β
from
Latin
ad-
+
securus
β
secure
β.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
happen
or
be
obtained
;
to
guarantee
β’
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
β
s
long
life
.
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
β
s
long
life
.
β’
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
extended
sense
of
making
something
sure
,
first
recorded
in
16th-century
English
.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
insure
someone
β
s
life
so
that
money
is
paid
out
on
their
death
β’
They
assured
him
for
Β£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
They
assured
him
for
Β£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
β’
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
specialised
financial
use
developed
in
18th-century
Britain
,
distinguishing
life
assurance
from
general
insurance
.
assistant
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
help
someone
with
their
work
or
tasks
β’
The
shop
β
s
assistant
showed
me
where
the
shoes
were
.
The
shop
β
s
assistant
showed
me
where
the
shoes
were
.
β’
As
a
lab
assistant
,
he
measures
chemicals
and
records
the
results
.
As
a
lab
assistant
,
he
measures
chemicals
and
records
the
results
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
present
participle
of
assister
,
from
Latin
assistere
β
to
stand
by
β.
noun
a
software
program
or
smart
device
that
helps
users
by
carrying
out
tasks
or
answering
questions
β’
You
can
ask
the
voice
assistant
to
set
an
alarm
for
7
a
.
m
.
You
can
ask
the
voice
assistant
to
set
an
alarm
for
7
a
.
m
.
β’
The
smartphone
β
s
built-in
assistant
showed
me
the
fastest
route
home
.
The
smartphone
β
s
built-in
assistant
showed
me
the
fastest
route
home
.
Modern
sense
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
as
computers
gained
interactive
capabilities
.
adjective
helping
another
person
in
a
lower
or
supporting
position
β’
She
was
promoted
from
assistant
editor
to
senior
editor
.
She
was
promoted
from
assistant
editor
to
senior
editor
.
β’
The
coach
hired
an
assistant
coach
to
train
the
newcomers
.
The
coach
hired
an
assistant
coach
to
train
the
newcomers
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
,
used
attributively
since
the
18th
century
.
assembly
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
gathering
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
such
as
a
meeting
,
ceremony
,
or
discussion
β’
Residents
filled
the
town
hall
for
a
public
assembly
to
discuss
the
new
park
.
Residents
filled
the
town
hall
for
a
public
assembly
to
discuss
the
new
park
.
β’
Before
classes
started
,
the
students
gathered
in
the
gym
for
the
morning
assembly
.
Before
classes
started
,
the
students
gathered
in
the
gym
for
the
morning
assembly
.
From
Middle
English
assemblee
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
asamblea
,
based
on
Latin
assimulΔre
β
to
gather
together
β.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
the
act
or
process
of
fitting
separate
parts
together
to
create
something
β’
The
assembly
of
the
furniture
took
less
than
an
hour
.
The
assembly
of
the
furniture
took
less
than
an
hour
.
β’
Car
assembly
requires
precise
timing
on
the
production
line
.
Car
assembly
requires
precise
timing
on
the
production
line
.
Developed
as
a
noun
of
action
from
the
verb
assemble
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
17th
century
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
set
of
parts
that
have
been
put
together
and
now
form
one
working
unit
β’
The
steering
assembly
needs
to
be
replaced
.
The
steering
assembly
needs
to
be
replaced
.
β’
She
bought
a
brake
assembly
for
her
bike
.
She
bought
a
brake
assembly
for
her
bike
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
something
that
has
been
assembled
,
first
appearing
in
engineering
texts
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
legislative
body
or
group
of
elected
representatives
that
makes
or
changes
laws
for
a
region
or
country
β’
The
regional
assembly
passed
a
new
environmental
law
.
The
regional
assembly
passed
a
new
environmental
law
.
β’
Members
of
the
national
assembly
debated
the
budget
all
night
.
Members
of
the
national
assembly
debated
the
budget
all
night
.
Political
sense
recorded
in
the
18th
century
,
influenced
by
the
French
RΓ©volution
β
s
AssemblΓ©e
nationale
.
noun
-
assembly
,
assemblies
a
low-level
computer
programming
language
that
uses
short
codes
to
represent
machine
instructions
β’
She
prefers
writing
code
in
assembly
for
maximum
speed
.
She
prefers
writing
code
in
assembly
for
maximum
speed
.
β’
The
old
game
console
was
programmed
entirely
in
assembly
.
The
old
game
console
was
programmed
entirely
in
assembly
.
Shortened
from
β
assembly
language
β,
first
used
in
the
1950s
with
early
computers
.
asleep
adjective
sleeping
;
in
a
state
of
sleep
β’
The
baby
was
asleep
before
the
story
ended
.
The
baby
was
asleep
before
the
story
ended
.
β’
He
tip-toed
out
of
the
room
to
avoid
waking
his
asleep
roommates
.
He
tip-toed
out
of
the
room
to
avoid
waking
his
asleep
roommates
.
adjective
numb
and
tingling
because
blood
flow
has
been
cut
off
to
a
body
part
β’
After
sitting
too
long
,
his
foot
fell
asleep
.
After
sitting
too
long
,
his
foot
fell
asleep
.
β’
She
shook
her
hand
because
it
was
still
asleep
from
leaning
on
it
.
She
shook
her
hand
because
it
was
still
asleep
from
leaning
on
it
.
adjective
not
active
,
operating
,
or
developing
for
a
time
;
dormant
β’
The
project
lay
asleep
for
years
until
new
investors
arrived
.
The
project
lay
asleep
for
years
until
new
investors
arrived
.
β’
The
volcano
had
been
asleep
for
centuries
before
it
erupted
.
The
volcano
had
been
asleep
for
centuries
before
it
erupted
.
assignment
noun
a
piece
of
work
or
task
that
a
teacher
or
employer
gives
someone
to
complete
β’
Maria
stayed
up
late
to
finish
her
math
assignment
before
class
.
Maria
stayed
up
late
to
finish
her
math
assignment
before
class
.
β’
The
manager
gave
each
intern
a
small
research
assignment
for
the
week
.
The
manager
gave
each
intern
a
small
research
assignment
for
the
week
.
From
Middle
French
assignement
,
from
Old
French
assigner
β
to
allot
.β
noun
the
act
of
giving
someone
a
particular
task
,
role
,
or
share
of
work
β’
The
assignment
of
duties
was
discussed
at
Monday
β
s
meeting
.
The
assignment
of
duties
was
discussed
at
Monday
β
s
meeting
.
β’
Fair
assignment
of
chores
keeps
peace
among
roommates
.
Fair
assignment
of
chores
keeps
peace
among
roommates
.
noun
a
particular
job
or
posting
that
someone
is
sent
to
do
,
often
for
a
limited
time
β’
The
reporter
β
s
next
assignment
was
to
cover
the
election
in
Brazil
.
The
reporter
β
s
next
assignment
was
to
cover
the
election
in
Brazil
.
β’
After
six
months
at
sea
,
the
sailor
received
a
shore
assignment
.
After
six
months
at
sea
,
the
sailor
received
a
shore
assignment
.
noun
the
legal
or
technical
act
of
transferring
rights
,
property
,
or
a
value
to
another
party
β’
The
contract
prohibits
the
assignment
of
rights
without
written
consent
.
The
contract
prohibits
the
assignment
of
rights
without
written
consent
.
β’
Variable
assignment
in
this
language
uses
the
equals
sign
.
Variable
assignment
in
this
language
uses
the
equals
sign
.
assert
verb
to
state
or
claim
something
firmly
and
confidently
β’
During
the
meeting
,
Maya
asserted
that
the
figures
were
incorrect
.
During
the
meeting
,
Maya
asserted
that
the
figures
were
incorrect
.
β’
Scientists
assert
that
climate
change
is
accelerating
.
Scientists
assert
that
climate
change
is
accelerating
.
from
Latin
β
assertus
,β
past
participle
of
β
asserere
β
meaning
β
to
claim
,
affirm
,
join
to
.β
verb
in
computer
programming
,
to
check
that
a
condition
is
true
while
the
program
is
running
and
stop
execution
if
it
is
not
β’
The
developer
added
an
assert
to
ensure
the
variable
was
never
null
.
The
developer
added
an
assert
to
ensure
the
variable
was
never
null
.
β’
Using
asserts
during
testing
helped
catch
logical
errors
early
.
Using
asserts
during
testing
helped
catch
logical
errors
early
.
sense
developed
in
the
1960s
as
programmers
borrowed
the
general
verb
"
assert
"
to
label
automated
truth
checks
in
code
.
assert oneself
verb
to
behave
or
speak
confidently
so
that
people
notice
and
respect
you
β’
In
her
first
week
at
the
job
,
Anna
knew
she
had
to
assert
herself
to
be
taken
seriously
.
In
her
first
week
at
the
job
,
Anna
knew
she
had
to
assert herself
to
be
taken
seriously
.
β’
The
shy
student
tried
to
assert
himself
by
joining
class
discussions
.
The
shy
student
tried
to
assert himself
by
joining
class
discussions
.
extension
of
the
verb
β
assert
β
with
the
reflexive
pronoun
emphasizing
personal
confidence
.
be
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
link
the
subject
of
a
sentence
with
a
description
,
identity
,
or
state
β’
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
β’
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
Old
English
β
beon
β
and
β
wesan
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
β
to
exist
β
and
β
to
dwell
β.
These
merged
over
time
into
the
single
modern
verb
β
be
β.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
another
verb
β
s
present
participle
to
form
the
continuous
(
progressive
)
tenses
β’
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
β’
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
exist
,
live
,
or
remain
alive
β’
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
β’
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
happen
or
take
place
,
often
indicating
time
or
location
of
an
event
β’
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
β’
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
a
past
participle
to
form
the
passive
voice
β’
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
β’
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
have
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
own
or
possess
something
β’
I
have
two
brothers
and
a
sister
.
I
have
two
brothers
and
a
sister
.
β’
They
have
a
big
garden
behind
their
house
.
They
have
a
big
garden
behind
their
house
.
Old
English
habban
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
haben
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
experience
or
be
affected
by
something
such
as
a
feeling
,
state
,
or
illness
β’
I
have
a
terrible
headache
this
morning
.
I
have
a
terrible
headache
this
morning
.
β’
She
has
a
cold
and
can't
come
today
.
She
has
a
cold
and
can't
come
today
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
eat
or
drink
something
β’
Let's
have
lunch
at
the
new
cafΓ©
.
Let's
have
lunch
at
the
new
cafΓ©
.
β’
She
always
has
oatmeal
for
breakfast
.
She
always
has
oatmeal
for
breakfast
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
arrange
,
hold
,
or
take
part
in
an
activity
or
event
β’
We
will
have
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.
We
will
have
a
meeting
at
3
p
.
m
.
β’
The
city
had
a
big
parade
last
weekend
.
The
city
had
a
big
parade
last
weekend
.
verb
-
have
,
having
,
has
,
had
to
cause
or
persuade
someone
to
do
something
β’
The
teacher
had
the
students
rewrite
their
essays
.
The
teacher
had
the
students
rewrite
their
essays
.
β’
I'll
have
the
mechanic
check
the
brakes
.
I'll
have
the
mechanic
check
the
brakes
.
last
adjective
coming
after
all
the
others
in
order
or
position
β’
Hurry
!
The
last
bus
is
about
to
leave
.
Hurry
!
The
last
bus
is
about
to
leave
.
β’
She
was
the
last
student
to
hand
in
her
exam
paper
.
She
was
the
last
student
to
hand
in
her
exam
paper
.
adjective
happening
or
existing
most
recently
before
the
present
time
β’
We
went
to
the
beach
last
weekend
.
We
went
to
the
beach
last
weekend
.
β’
Do
you
remember
what
you
had
for
dinner
last
night
?
Do
you
remember
what
you
had
for
dinner
last
night
?
adjective
coming
after
all
others
in
time
,
order
,
or
position
;
final
β’
The
last
question
on
the
test
was
the
hardest
.
The
last
question
on
the
test
was
the
hardest
.
β’
Please
turn
off
the
last
light
before
you
leave
.
Please
turn
off
the
last
light
before
you
leave
.
From
Old
English
lΗ£st
,
superlative
of
late
.
adverb
after
everyone
or
everything
else
;
finally
β’
Why
do
I
always
finish
my
meal
last
?
Why
do
I
always
finish
my
meal
last
?
β’
She
spoke
last
during
the
meeting
to
summarize
everyone's
ideas
.
She
spoke
last
during
the
meeting
to
summarize
everyone's
ideas
.
Adverb
use
from
the
adjective
sense
of
being
at
the
end
.
noun
the
final
person
or
thing
in
a
series
β’
Being
last
in
line
meant
waiting
an
extra
hour
.
Being
last
in
line
meant
waiting
an
extra
hour
.
β’
She
was
the
last
of
her
family
to
leave
the
party
.
She
was
the
last
of
her
family
to
leave
the
party
.
From
the
adjective
meaning
β
final
β.
adverb
most
recently
;
the
final
time
before
now
β’
When
did
you
see
Kim
last
?
When
did
you
see
Kim
last
?
β’
I
last
spoke
to
my
grandmother
two
weeks
ago
.
I
last
spoke
to
my
grandmother
two
weeks
ago
.
noun
the
final
person
or
thing
in
a
series
or
group
β’
He
finished
the
race
dead
last
.
He
finished
the
race
dead
last
.
β’
No
one
wants
to
be
the
last
to
leave
the
party
.
No
one
wants
to
be
the
last
to
leave
the
party
.
verb
to
continue
for
a
particular
length
of
time
β’
The
meeting
will
last
about
an
hour
.
The
meeting
will
last
about
an
hour
.
β’
These
shoes
won
β
t
last
all
winter
if
you
wear
them
every
day
.
These
shoes
won
β
t
last
all
winter
if
you
wear
them
every
day
.
verb
to
continue
for
a
period
of
time
;
to
endure
β’
This
battery
will
last
for
at
least
five
hours
.
This
battery
will
last
for
at
least
five
hours
.
β’
The
rain
lasted
all
night
,
flooding
the
streets
by
morning
.
The
rain
lasted
all
night
,
flooding
the
streets
by
morning
.
Old
English
lΗ£stan
β
to
continue
,
follow
β,
related
to
late
.
noun
a
solid
foot-shaped
block
on
which
a
shoe
is
made
or
repaired
β’
The
cobbler
placed
the
leather
over
the
wooden
last
before
stitching
.
The
cobbler
placed
the
leather
over
the
wooden
last
before
stitching
.
β’
Different
shoe
sizes
require
different
lasts
.
Different
shoe
sizes
require
different
lasts
.
Late
15th
century
:
from
Old
English
lΗ£ste
β
track
,
footprint
β,
related
to
German
Leisten
.
little
determiner
-
little
,
less
,
least
not
much
;
only
a
small
amount
or
number
(
used
before
uncountable
or
plural
nouns
)
β’
There
is
little
hope
of
catching
the
last
train
now
.
There
is
little
hope
of
catching
the
last
train
now
.
β’
The
recipe
needs
little
sugar
,
so
don
β
t
add
too
much
.
The
recipe
needs
little
sugar
,
so
don
β
t
add
too
much
.
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
only
to
a
small
degree
;
not
much
or
only
slightly
β’
He
slept
little
during
the
flight
.
He
slept
little
during
the
flight
.
β’
The
design
has
little
changed
since
last
year
.
The
design
has
little
changed
since
last
year
.
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
to
a
small
degree
or
extent
;
hardly
at
all
β’
He
little
suspected
the
surprise
waiting
for
him
.
He
little
suspected
the
surprise
waiting
for
him
.
β’
The
manager
little
understood
the
team
β
s
concerns
.
The
manager
little
understood
the
team
β
s
concerns
.
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
to
a
small
extent
;
hardly
at
all
β’
I
little
expected
to
meet
you
here
.
I
little
expected
to
meet
you
here
.
β’
The
critic
little
realized
how
famous
the
film
would
become
.
The
critic
little
realized
how
famous
the
film
would
become
.
area
noun
a
part
of
a
place
,
city
,
country
,
or
the
world
β’
This
area
of
the
city
is
famous
for
its
street
food
.
This
area
of
the
city
is
famous
for
its
street
food
.
β’
They
are
building
a
new
park
in
the
residential
area
near
the
river
.
They
are
building
a
new
park
in
the
residential
area
near
the
river
.
noun
the
amount
of
surface
space
inside
a
shape
,
measured
in
square
units
β’
The
area
of
the
rectangle
is
20
square
centimeters
.
The
area
of
the
rectangle
is
20
square
centimeters
.
β’
We
learned
how
to
find
the
area
of
a
circle
in
math
class
.
We
learned
how
to
find
the
area
of
a
circle
in
math
class
.
noun
a
subject
or
type
of
activity
that
someone
studies
,
works
in
,
or
is
interested
in
β’
Her
main
area
of
interest
is
environmental
science
.
Her
main
area
of
interest
is
environmental
science
.
β’
He
has
worked
in
the
area
of
computer
security
for
years
.
He
has
worked
in
the
area
of
computer
security
for
years
.
idea
noun
a
thought
or
concept
that
comes
into
your
mind
β’
A
new
idea
popped
into
Mia's
head
while
she
was
drawing
.
A
new
idea
popped
into
Mia's
head
while
she
was
drawing
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
each
student
to
share
one
idea
for
the
project
.
The
teacher
asked
each
student
to
share
one
idea
for
the
project
.
from
Greek
β
idΓ©a
β
meaning
β
form
,
pattern
,
notion
β
noun
a
plan
or
suggestion
about
what
to
do
β’
β
Why
don
β
t
we
order
pizza
?
That
β
s
a
great
idea
!β
β
Why
don
β
t
we
order
pizza
?
That
β
s
a
great
idea
!β
β’
Julia
had
the
idea
to
meet
at
sunrise
to
avoid
the
crowds
.
Julia
had
the
idea
to
meet
at
sunrise
to
avoid
the
crowds
.
noun
knowledge
or
understanding
about
something
β’
Do
you
have
any
idea
how
heavy
this
box
is
?
Do
you
have
any
idea
how
heavy
this
box
is
?
β’
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
in
town
.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
in
town
.
noun
the
main
purpose
or
meaning
behind
something
β’
The
idea
behind
the
campaign
is
to
encourage
recycling
.
The
idea
behind
the
campaign
is
to
encourage
recycling
.
β’
He
explained
the
idea
of
freedom
in
his
speech
.
He
explained
the
idea
of
freedom
in
his
speech
.
case
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
box
or
covering
that
protects
or
holds
something
β’
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
He
put
his
glasses
back
in
their
case
before
going
to
bed
.
β’
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
The
new
phone
comes
with
a
clear
protective
case
in
the
box
.
Originates
from
Latin
"
capsa
"
meaning
box
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
particular
example
or
situation
of
something
happening
β’
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
In
this
case
,
the
cheaper
material
turned
out
to
be
stronger
.
β’
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
It
may
rain
,
so
take
an
umbrella
just
in
case
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
cas
β,
from
Latin
β
casus
β
meaning
event
or
occurrence
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
a
problem
or
disagreement
that
is
decided
in
a
court
of
law
β’
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
The
jury
found
the
evidence
convincing
and
ruled
in
favor
of
our
case
.
β’
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Her
lawyer
said
the
case
could
take
months
to
reach
trial
.
Evolved
from
the
general
sense
of
β
event
β
to
the
legal
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
an
instance
of
a
particular
disease
or
medical
condition
in
one
person
β’
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
Doctors
reported
a
new
case
of
measles
in
the
city
.
β’
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Hundreds
of
cases
were
confirmed
during
the
outbreak
.
Specialized
medical
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
as
record-keeping
of
patients
became
systematic
.
verb
-
case
,
casing
,
cases
,
cased
to
look
carefully
at
a
building
or
place
,
especially
to
prepare
for
stealing
from
it
β’
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
The
thieves
cased
the
jewelry
store
for
days
before
the
robbery
.
β’
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
She
noticed
a
stranger
casing
the
neighborhood
and
called
the
police
.
Originated
in
American
criminal
slang
of
the
late
19th
century
,
probably
from
the
noun
sense
of
β
case
β
meaning
β
situation
β.
least
determiner
smaller
in
amount
or
degree
than
anything
else
;
the
smallest
.
β’
Of
all
the
players
,
Mia
had
the
least
experience
but
she
tried
hardest
.
Of
all
the
players
,
Mia
had
the
least
experience
but
she
tried
hardest
.
β’
Choose
the
route
with
the
least
traffic
to
arrive
on
time
.
Choose
the
route
with
the
least
traffic
to
arrive
on
time
.
Old
English
lΗ£st
,
superlative
of
lΘ³tel
β
little
β.
pronoun
the
smallest
amount
,
number
,
or
degree
of
something
.
β’
I
did
the
least
I
could
to
help
,
but
it
wasn't
enough
.
I
did
the
least
I
could
to
help
,
but
it
wasn't
enough
.
β’
Among
all
the
singers
,
Lila
practiced
the
least
,
yet
her
voice
was
still
strong
.
Among
all
the
singers
,
Lila
practiced
the
least
,
yet
her
voice
was
still
strong
.
Same
origin
as
the
determiner
sense
:
Old
English
lΗ£st
β
smallest
,
fewest
β.
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
to
the
smallest
extent
or
degree
;
less
than
anything
else
.
β’
She
was
the
least
worried
of
the
group
when
the
storm
began
.
She
was
the
least
worried
of
the
group
when
the
storm
began
.
β’
This
explanation
is
the
least
clear
of
all
we
reviewed
.
This
explanation
is
the
least
clear
of
all
we
reviewed
.
Old
English
lΗ£st
,
the
adverbial
superlative
form
of
"
little
",
maintaining
the
sense
of
minimal
degree
.
reason
noun
a
fact
,
situation
,
or
explanation
that
causes
something
to
happen
or
makes
something
understandable
β’
The
reason
I
wear
a
coat
is
that
it
is
cold
outside
.
The
reason
I
wear
a
coat
is
that
it
is
cold
outside
.
β’
Nobody
could
give
a
clear
reason
for
the
sudden
power
cut
.
Nobody
could
give
a
clear
reason
for
the
sudden
power
cut
.
From
Old
French
raison
,
from
Latin
ratiΕ
β
calculation
,
explanation
β.
noun
a
fair
or
acceptable
motive
that
justifies
doing
something
β’
She
had
every
reason
to
be
proud
of
her
award
.
She
had
every
reason
to
be
proud
of
her
award
.
β’
There
is
no
reason
to
worry
;
the
test
is
quite
easy
.
There
is
no
reason
to
worry
;
the
test
is
quite
easy
.
noun
-
reason
the
human
ability
to
think
logically
and
make
sensible
judgments
β’
Unlike
animals
,
humans
can
use
reason
to
solve
complex
problems
.
Unlike
animals
,
humans
can
use
reason
to
solve
complex
problems
.
β’
Passion
sometimes
clouds
reason
.
Passion
sometimes
clouds
reason
.
verb
-
reason
,
reasoning
,
reasons
,
reasoned
to
think
about
something
logically
in
order
to
reach
a
conclusion
or
persuade
someone
β’
He
reasoned
that
taking
the
earlier
train
would
save
time
.
He
reasoned
that
taking
the
earlier
train
would
save
time
.
β’
The
lawyer
reasoned
with
the
jury
to
show
her
client
β
s
innocence
.
The
lawyer
reasoned
with
the
jury
to
show
her
client
β
s
innocence
.
easy
adjective
-
easy
,
easier
,
easiest
not
difficult
to
do
,
understand
,
or
achieve
β’
The
math
quiz
was
easy
for
Aisha
because
she
had
studied
all
week
.
The
math
quiz
was
easy
for
Aisha
because
she
had
studied
all
week
.
β’
These
instructions
are
so
easy
that
a
child
could
build
the
toy
in
minutes
.
These
instructions
are
so
easy
that
a
child
could
build
the
toy
in
minutes
.
From
Old
French
β
aisΓ©
β
meaning
β
comfortable
or
convenient
β,
past
participle
of
β
aiser
β β
to
ease
β.
adjective
-
easy
,
easier
,
easiest
relaxed
,
comfortable
,
or
free
from
stress
,
worry
,
or
pain
β’
She
felt
easy
in
the
quiet
countryside
cottage
.
She
felt
easy
in
the
quiet
countryside
cottage
.
β’
Wear
something
easy
for
the
long
flight
so
you
can
sleep
.
Wear
something
easy
for
the
long
flight
so
you
can
sleep
.
adverb
gently
;
without
taking
or
using
too
much
force
,
effort
,
or
amount
β’
Go easy
on
the
salt
while
cooking
.
Go easy
on
the
salt
while
cooking
.
β’
Drive
easy
on
the
icy
roads
tonight
.
Drive
easy
on
the
icy
roads
tonight
.
interjection
used
to
tell
someone
to
slow
down
,
calm
down
,
or
be
gentle
β’
Easy
!
The
horse
might
get
scared
if
you
shout
.
Easy
!
The
horse
might
get
scared
if
you
shout
.
β’
Easy
,
buddy
β
there
β
s
plenty
of
time
to
finish
the
project
.
Easy
,
buddy
β
there
β
s
plenty
of
time
to
finish
the
project
.
please
interjection
used
to
make
a
request
,
offer
,
or
invitation
more
polite
β’
Could
you
close
the
window
,
please
?
Could
you
close
the
window
,
please
?
β’
Please
,
take
a
seat
while
you
wait
.
Please
,
take
a
seat
while
you
wait
.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
to
make
someone
happy
or
satisfied
β’
The
surprise
birthday
party
really
pleased
Maria
.
The
surprise
birthday
party
really
pleased
Maria
.
β’
It
pleases
the
chef
when
diners
enjoy
his
new
dish
.
It
pleases
the
chef
when
diners
enjoy
his
new
dish
.
From
Middle
English
β
plese
β,
from
Old
French
β
plaisir
β
meaning
β
to
satisfy
β.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
to
wish
or
choose
to
do
something
β’
On
weekends
,
he
sleeps
as
late
as
he
pleases
.
On
weekends
,
he
sleeps
as
late
as
he
pleases
.
β’
Guests
may
wander
the
gardens
wherever
they
please
.
Guests
may
wander
the
gardens
wherever
they
please
.
interjection
used
to
show
surprise
,
disbelief
,
or
annoyance
at
what
someone
has
said
β’
You
think
he
β
ll
pay
you
back
?
Please
!
You
think
he
β
ll
pay
you
back
?
Please
!
β’
A
hundred
push-ups
in
one
minute
?
Please
.
A
hundred
push-ups
in
one
minute
?
Please
.
season
noun
one
of
the
four
main
periods
of
the
year
,
such
as
spring
,
summer
,
autumn
,
or
winter
,
each
with
its
own
typical
weather
and
daylight
length
β’
In
this
region
,
the
rainy
season
usually
begins
in
June
.
In
this
region
,
the
rainy
season
usually
begins
in
June
.
β’
Spring
is
my
favorite
season
because
colorful
flowers
cover
the
parks
.
Spring
is
my
favorite
season
because
colorful
flowers
cover
the
parks
.
From
Old
French
seson
,
seison
,
from
Latin
satio
β
act
of
sowing
,
seed-time
β,
later
β
time
,
season
β.
noun
a
specific
period
in
which
a
particular
activity
,
event
,
or
style
is
most
common
or
officially
takes
place
β’
Tickets
sell
out
quickly
during
the
holiday
season
.
Tickets
sell
out
quickly
during
the
holiday
season
.
β’
The
soccer
season
starts
in
late
summer
and
ends
the
following
spring
.
The
soccer
season
starts
in
late
summer
and
ends
the
following
spring
.
verb
-
season
,
seasoning
,
seasons
,
seasoned
to
add
salt
,
herbs
,
or
other
flavorings
to
food
to
make
it
taste
better
β’
Remember
to
season
the
soup
with
a
pinch
of
salt
before
serving
.
Remember
to
season
the
soup
with
a
pinch
of
salt
before
serving
.
β’
She
likes
to
season
her
chicken
with
rosemary
and
garlic
.
She
likes
to
season
her
chicken
with
rosemary
and
garlic
.
verb
-
season
,
seasoning
,
seasons
,
seasoned
to
make
wood
,
equipment
,
or
a
person
ready
for
use
or
able
to
cope
by
allowing
time
,
experience
,
or
treatment
to
toughen
or
mature
them
β’
Carpenters
must
season
the
timber
for
months
before
construction
.
Carpenters
must
season
the
timber
for
months
before
construction
.
β’
Years
at
sea
will
season
a
sailor
for
any
storm
.
Years
at
sea
will
season
a
sailor
for
any
storm
.
class
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
period
of
time
when
a
teacher
teaches
a
subject
to
students
β’
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
β
clock
.
Our
math
class
begins
at
nine
o
β
clock
.
β’
The
teacher
cancelled
today
β
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
The
teacher
cancelled
today
β
s
class
because
she
was
sick
.
From
Latin
β
classis
β
meaning
a
group
called
together
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
the
group
of
students
who
are
taught
together
β’
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
Our
class
voted
to
plant
a
tree
in
the
playground
.
β’
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
The
whole
class
cheered
when
the
fire
alarm
turned
the
drill
into
an
unexpected
break
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
one
of
the
groups
that
people
in
society
are
divided
into
according
to
how
much
money
or
status
they
have
β’
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
Many
politicians
promise
to
help
the
working
class
.
β’
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
He
was
born
into
an
upper-middle
class
family
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
category
of
things
that
share
the
same
type
or
quality
β’
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
Diamonds
are
in
a
different
hardness
class
from
quartz
.
β’
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
This
competition
has
four
age
classes
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
a
level
of
service
or
comfort
on
planes
,
trains
,
or
other
transport
,
usually
with
its
own
price
β’
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
They
could
only
afford
economy
class
tickets
.
β’
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
Business
class
offers
wider
seats
and
better
meals
.
verb
-
class
,
classing
,
classes
,
classed
to
put
people
or
things
into
groups
based
on
shared
qualities
β’
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
Doctors
class
the
injury
as
minor
.
β’
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
The
museum
classes
this
painting
as
Impressionist
.
noun
elegant
style
,
good
manners
,
and
high
quality
β’
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
She
handled
the
rude
question
with
real
class
.
β’
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
That
restaurant
oozes
class
from
the
moment
you
step
inside
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
biology
,
a
rank
in
scientific
classification
between
phylum
and
order
β’
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
Mammalia
is
the
class
that
includes
humans
,
dogs
,
and
whales
.
β’
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
Birds
belong
to
the
class
Aves
.
noun
-
class
,
classes
in
computer
programming
,
a
template
that
defines
the
data
and
actions
of
objects
β’
The
programmer
created
a
β
Car
β
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
The
programmer
created
a
β
Car
β
class
with
properties
like
color
and
speed
.
β’
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
Each
object
made
from
a
class
is
called
an
instance
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
good
,
impressive
,
or
stylish
β’
That
was
a
class
goal
!
That
was
a
class
goal
!
β’
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
She
bought
a
class
pair
of
leather
boots
.
pass
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
hand
something
to
someone
β’
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
β’
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
She
passed
me
her
phone
so
I
could
look
at
the
photos
.
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
to
give
or
hand
something
to
someone
β’
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
Could
you
pass
the
salt
,
please
?
β’
She
passed
me
a
note
during
class
.
She
passed
me
a
note
during
class
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
ticket
,
card
,
or
document
that
lets
you
enter
,
travel
,
or
use
something
β’
I
bought
a
weekly
bus
pass
to
save
money
.
I
bought
a
weekly
bus
pass
to
save
money
.
β’
Visitors
need
a
security
pass
to
enter
the
building
.
Visitors
need
a
security
pass
to
enter
the
building
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
go
by
someone
or
something
,
moving
ahead
of
them
β’
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
walkers
on
the
narrow
path
.
β’
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
Please
let
me
pass
;
I
need
to
catch
the
bus
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
reach
the
required
standard
in
an
exam
,
test
,
or
inspection
β’
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
I
finally
passed
my
driving
test
on
the
second
try
.
β’
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
official
card
,
ticket
,
or
document
that
allows
someone
to
enter
,
travel
,
or
use
something
β’
You
need
a
parking
pass
to
leave
your
car
here
.
You
need
a
parking
pass
to
leave
your
car
here
.
β’
He
showed
his
backstage
pass
to
the
guard
.
He
showed
his
backstage
pass
to
the
guard
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
result
in
an
exam
or
test
that
is
not
a
fail
β’
She
got
a
pass
in
chemistry
and
a
distinction
in
physics
.
She
got
a
pass
in
chemistry
and
a
distinction
in
physics
.
β’
The
teacher
marked
each
paper
as
a
pass
or
fail
.
The
teacher
marked
each
paper
as
a
pass
or
fail
.
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
to
move
beyond
or
go
in
front
of
someone
or
something
β’
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
slow
walkers
on
the
path
.
The
cyclist
rang
his
bell
and
passed
the
slow
walkers
on
the
path
.
β’
Please
pull
over
so
the
ambulance
can
pass
.
Please
pull
over
so
the
ambulance
can
pass
.
From
Middle
English
passen
,
from
Old
French
passer
,
from
Vulgar
Latin
*passΔre
(β
to
step
,
pass
β).
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
to
succeed
in
an
exam
,
test
,
or
course
β’
Maria
passed
her
driving
test
on
the
first
try
.
Maria
passed
her
driving
test
on
the
first
try
.
β’
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
study
hard
,
you
will
pass
the
exam
.
verb
-
pass
,
passes
,
passing
,
passed
(
of
time
)
to
go
by
β’
Hours
passed
before
the
rescue
team
arrived
.
Hours
passed
before
the
rescue
team
arrived
.
β’
Summer
passes
so
quickly
when
you
are
having
fun
.
Summer
passes
so
quickly
when
you
are
having
fun
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
act
of
throwing
,
kicking
,
or
hitting
the
ball
to
a
teammate
in
sports
β’
The
quarterback
threw
a
perfect
pass
into
the
end
zone
.
The
quarterback
threw
a
perfect
pass
into
the
end
zone
.
β’
She
made
a
quick
pass
to
her
teammate
for
the
winning
goal
.
She
made
a
quick
pass
to
her
teammate
for
the
winning
goal
.
interjection
used
to
show
that
you
do
not
want
to
take
your
turn
,
answer
,
or
bid
β’
"
Anyone
know
the
answer
?" "
Pass
."
"
Anyone
know
the
answer
?" "
Pass
."
β’
I
don't
have
a
card
to
play
,
so
I'll
pass
.
I
don't
have
a
card
to
play
,
so
I'll
pass
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
(
of
time
)
to
go
by
or
elapse
β’
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
The
afternoon
passed
quickly
while
we
played
games
.
β’
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
Weeks
passed
before
they
got
any
news
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
politely
refuse
or
decline
an
offer
or
opportunity
β’
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
Thanks
for
the
invitation
,
but
I'll
pass
this
time
.
β’
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
He
offered
her
another
slice
of
cake
,
but
she
passed
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
narrow
route
through
mountains
or
hills
that
people
or
vehicles
can
travel
β’
The
hikers
crossed
the
high
pass
before
sunset
.
The
hikers
crossed
the
high
pass
before
sunset
.
β’
A
sudden
snowstorm
blocked
the
mountain
pass
.
A
sudden
snowstorm
blocked
the
mountain
pass
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
an
act
of
throwing
,
kicking
,
or
moving
the
ball
to
a
teammate
in
sports
β’
The
quarterback
made
a
perfect
pass
to
the
receiver
.
The
quarterback
made
a
perfect
pass
to
the
receiver
.
β’
Her
quick
pass
set
up
the
winning
goal
.
Her
quick
pass
set
up
the
winning
goal
.
noun
-
pass
,
passes
a
narrow
route
through
mountains
used
for
travel
β’
The
army
crossed
the
mountain
pass
at
dawn
.
The
army
crossed
the
mountain
pass
at
dawn
.
β’
A
famous
hiking
trail
leads
through
the
high
pass
.
A
famous
hiking
trail
leads
through
the
high
pass
.
verb
-
pass
,
passing
,
passes
,
passed
to
die
,
used
as
a
gentle
or
respectful
expression
(
usually
used
in
the
past
tense
)
β’
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
Our
elderly
neighbor
passed
last
night
.
β’
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
He
passed
peacefully
in
his
sleep
.
base
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
the
bottom
part
of
something
that
supports
the
rest
of
it
β’
The
statue
toppled
when
its
base
cracked
.
The
statue
toppled
when
its
base
cracked
.
β’
She
placed
the
lamp
firmly
on
the
base
of
the
table
.
She
placed
the
lamp
firmly
on
the
base
of
the
table
.
From
Latin
"
basis
"
via
Old
French
,
originally
from
Greek
"
basis
"
meaning
β
step
,
pedestal
.β
noun
the
lowest
part
or
support
of
something
that
holds
or
keeps
it
steady
β’
The
lamp
toppled
over
because
its
base
was
uneven
.
The
lamp
toppled
over
because
its
base
was
uneven
.
β’
Workers
poured
concrete
to
create
a
solid
base
for
the
new
statue
.
Workers
poured
concrete
to
create
a
solid
base
for
the
new
statue
.
From
Latin
"
basis
",
through
Old
French
"
base
",
meaning
a
step
or
pedestal
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
a
place
where
people
live
or
work
from
and
return
to
,
especially
for
military
or
business
activities
β’
After
six
months
abroad
,
the
researchers
returned
to
their
base
in
London
.
After
six
months
abroad
,
the
researchers
returned
to
their
base
in
London
.
β’
The
new
military
base
was
built
near
the
border
.
The
new
military
base
was
built
near
the
border
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
one
of
the
four
markers
a
runner
must
touch
to
score
in
baseball
β’
He
sprinted
to
first
base
after
hitting
the
ball
.
He
sprinted
to
first
base
after
hitting
the
ball
.
β’
The
crowd
cheered
when
she
stole
second
base
.
The
crowd
cheered
when
she
stole
second
base
.
verb
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
to
use
something
as
the
main
idea
,
fact
,
or
place
from
which
something
develops
β’
Scientists
base
their
conclusions
on
evidence
.
Scientists
base
their
conclusions
on
evidence
.
β’
She
based
her
painting
on
a
childhood
memory
.
She
based
her
painting
on
a
childhood
memory
.
noun
a
place
where
members
of
the
military
live
,
work
,
and
keep
their
equipment
β’
After
six
months
overseas
,
she
finally
returned
to
her
home
base
.
After
six
months
overseas
,
she
finally
returned
to
her
home
base
.
β’
Helicopters
lifted
off
from
the
mountain
base
at
dawn
.
Helicopters
lifted
off
from
the
mountain
base
at
dawn
.
Borrowed
in
the
1600s
from
the
idea
of
a
physical
foundation
to
mean
a
fixed
headquarters
for
troops
.
noun
one
of
four
points
that
a
baseball
player
must
touch
in
order
to
score
a
run
β’
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
runner
slid
into
third
base
.
The
crowd
cheered
as
the
runner
slid
into
third
base
.
β’
He
waited
on
first
base
for
the
next
batter
to
hit
.
He
waited
on
first
base
for
the
next
batter
to
hit
.
Adopted
in
19th-century
American
English
from
the
older
word
for
foundation
to
describe
the
fixed
points
on
the
diamond
.
verb
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
to
use
something
as
the
main
support
,
idea
,
or
starting
point
for
something
else
β’
The
designer
based
her
new
jacket
on
traditional
Korean
patterns
.
The
designer
based
her
new
jacket
on
traditional
Korean
patterns
.
β’
I
always
base
my
conclusions
on
reliable
data
.
I
always
base
my
conclusions
on
reliable
data
.
From
the
noun
β
base
β,
carrying
the
sense
of
β
setting
something
on
a
foundation
β.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
a
substance
that
reacts
with
acids
to
form
salts
and
usually
has
a
bitter
taste
and
slippery
feel
β’
Sodium
hydroxide
is
a
strong
base
used
in
soap
making
.
Sodium
hydroxide
is
a
strong
base
used
in
soap
making
.
β’
When
you
mix
an
acid
with
a
base
,
you
get
water
and
salt
.
When
you
mix
an
acid
with
a
base
,
you
get
water
and
salt
.
noun
-
base
,
basing
,
bases
,
based
,
baser
,
basest
the
number
or
side
that
is
used
as
a
reference
point
in
mathematics
,
such
as
the
lower
side
of
a
shape
or
the
number
that
is
raised
to
a
power
β’
In
2Β³
,
the
base
is
2
.
In
2Β³
,
the
base
is
2
.
β’
The
pyramid
β
s
base
measures
150
meters
on
each
side
.
The
pyramid
β
s
base
measures
150
meters
on
each
side
.
noun
a
substance
that
reacts
with
an
acid
to
form
a
salt
and
water
,
often
having
a
bitter
taste
and
slippery
feel
β’
Soap
is
a
mild
base
commonly
found
in
every
bathroom
.
Soap
is
a
mild
base
commonly
found
in
every
bathroom
.
β’
In
class
we
mixed
a
base
with
vinegar
,
an
acid
,
to
see
bubbles
form
.
In
class
we
mixed
a
base
with
vinegar
,
an
acid
,
to
see
bubbles
form
.
Chemical
sense
coined
in
the
18th
century
,
likening
the
substance
to
a
foundation
that
holds
the
salt
produced
in
reactions
.
adjective
-
base
,
baser
,
basest
showing
a
lack
of
honor
or
moral
principles
;
low
or
vile
β’
It
was
a
base
act
to
cheat
his
own
friends
.
It
was
a
base
act
to
cheat
his
own
friends
.
β’
The
novel
portrays
the
base
instincts
of
human
greed
.
The
novel
portrays
the
base
instincts
of
human
greed
.
release
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
set
a
person
,
animal
,
or
object
free
;
to
let
something
go
or
escape
β’
The
zookeeper
released
the
injured
eagle
so
it
could
fly
home
.
The
zookeeper
released
the
injured
eagle
so
it
could
fly
home
.
β’
After
long
talks
,
the
rebels
agreed
to
release
all
the
captured
soldiers
.
After
long
talks
,
the
rebels
agreed
to
release
all
the
captured
soldiers
.
Middle
English
releasen
,
from
Old
French
relaisser
,
from
Latin
relaxare
β
to
loosen
β.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
make
a
film
,
album
,
product
,
or
official
information
available
to
the
public
β’
The
movie
studio
will
release
the
sequel
next
summer
.
The
movie
studio
will
release
the
sequel
next
summer
.
β’
Apple
released
a
new
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
Apple
released
a
new
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
Extended
sense
of
β
make
available
β
developed
in
the
19th
century
with
growth
of
mass
media
.
noun
the
act
of
letting
something
out
or
making
it
available
;
a
thing
that
has
been
made
public
,
such
as
a
new
film
or
record
β’
Fans
lined
up
for
the
midnight
release
of
the
video
game
.
Fans
lined
up
for
the
midnight
release
of
the
video
game
.
β’
The
sudden
release
of
gas
caused
the
balloon
to
drop
quickly
.
The
sudden
release
of
gas
caused
the
balloon
to
drop
quickly
.
From
the
verb
β
release
,β
the
noun
sense
was
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
set
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
free
after
keeping
them
trapped
,
locked
up
,
or
held
β’
The
wildlife
ranger
gently
released
the
rescued
fox
into
the
forest
clearing
.
The
wildlife
ranger
gently
released
the
rescued
fox
into
the
forest
clearing
.
β’
After
years
of
negotiation
,
the
government
decided
to
release
the
political
prisoners
.
After
years
of
negotiation
,
the
government
decided
to
release
the
political
prisoners
.
Middle
English
relecen
,
from
Old
French
relacier
β
to
let
go
β,
from
Latin
relaxΔre
β
to
loosen
β.
noun
the
act
of
setting
someone
or
something
free
β’
The
prisoner
β
s
release
came
as
a
surprise
to
the
public
.
The
prisoner
β
s
release
came
as
a
surprise
to
the
public
.
β’
The
wildlife
center
celebrated
the
successful
release
of
ten
sea
turtles
.
The
wildlife
center
celebrated
the
successful
release
of
ten
sea
turtles
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
make
information
,
a
product
,
film
,
or
piece
of
music
available
to
the
public
β’
The
director
plans
to
release
the
movie
worldwide
next
summer
.
The
director
plans
to
release
the
movie
worldwide
next
summer
.
β’
The
software
company
will
release
an
update
to
fix
the
security
bug
.
The
software
company
will
release
an
update
to
fix
the
security
bug
.
verb
-
release
,
releasing
,
releases
,
released
to
stop
holding
or
pressing
something
so
that
it
can
move
,
fall
,
or
operate
β’
She
released
the
brake
and
rolled
the
bike
down
the
hill
.
She
released
the
brake
and
rolled
the
bike
down
the
hill
.
β’
The
archer
steadied
his
aim
and
released
the
arrow
.
The
archer
steadied
his
aim
and
released
the
arrow
.
noun
a
new
product
,
film
,
song
,
or
piece
of
information
that
has
been
made
available
to
the
public
β’
Fans
lined
up
overnight
to
buy
the
latest
game
release
.
Fans
lined
up
overnight
to
buy
the
latest
game
release
.
β’
The
album
β
s
release
date
has
been
pushed
back
by
two
weeks
.
The
album
β
s
release
date
has
been
pushed
back
by
two
weeks
.
camera
noun
A
device
with
a
lens
that
captures
photographs
or
moving
images
.
β’
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
β’
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
Mid-19th
century
from
Latin
camera
obscura
,
literally
β
dark
chamber
β,
the
early
photographic
device
.
noun
(
anatomy
,
technical
)
A
chamber
or
cavity
within
a
living
organism
,
especially
one
of
the
chambers
of
the
eye
.
β’
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
β
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
β
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
β’
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
From
Latin
camera
β
chamber
β,
adopted
in
anatomical
terminology
for
enclosed
spaces
within
organs
.
east
noun
-
east
the
direction
on
a
compass
that
is
at
a
right
angle
to
north
and
south
,
where
the
sun
rises
β’
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
.
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
.
β’
Our
cabin
faces
the
east
so
mornings
are
bright
.
Our
cabin
faces
the
east
so
mornings
are
bright
.
Old
English
Δast
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*aust-
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Indo-European
*aus-
meaning
β
to
shine
,
dawn
β.
adjective
located
in
,
facing
,
or
coming
from
the
direction
of
east
β’
The
east
wing
of
the
museum
is
being
renovated
.
The
east
wing
of
the
museum
is
being
renovated
.
β’
A
cool
breeze
blew
through
the
east
window
.
A
cool
breeze
blew
through
the
east
window
.
Formed
from
the
noun
"
east
"
used
attributively
before
the
12th
century
.
adverb
toward
the
east
β’
The
migratory
birds
fly
east
each
spring
.
The
migratory
birds
fly
east
each
spring
.
β’
Drive
east
for
two
miles
and
you'll
see
the
sign
.
Drive
east
for
two
miles
and
you'll
see
the
sign
.
Adverbial
use
of
the
noun
"
east
"
attested
since
Old
English
.
disease
noun
an
illness
or
medical
condition
that
harms
a
person
β
s
or
animal
β
s
body
or
mind
and
often
shows
clear
signs
or
symptoms
β’
Regular
exercise
can
help
prevent
heart
disease
.
Regular
exercise
can
help
prevent
heart
disease
.
β’
The
new
vaccine
protects
children
from
the
disease
.
The
new
vaccine
protects
children
from
the
disease
.
noun
a
harmful
condition
that
attacks
and
damages
plants
,
making
them
grow
poorly
or
die
β’
The
farmer
sprayed
the
field
to
stop
the
wheat
disease
from
spreading
.
The
farmer
sprayed
the
field
to
stop
the
wheat
disease
from
spreading
.
β’
Leaf
spots
are
a
common
disease
in
tomato
plants
.
Leaf
spots
are
a
common
disease
in
tomato
plants
.
noun
something
very
harmful
in
society
,
an
organization
,
or
a
person
β
s
mind
that
spreads
and
causes
serious
damage
,
like
an
illness
β’
Racism
is
a
disease
that
divides
communities
.
Racism
is
a
disease
that
divides
communities
.
β’
Some
say
greed
is
the
real
disease
of
modern
capitalism
.
Some
say
greed
is
the
real
disease
of
modern
capitalism
.
less
adverb
-
little
,
less
,
least
to
a
smaller
degree
or
amount
;
not
as
much
β’
He
travels
less
now
that
he
has
a
newborn
baby
.
He
travels
less
now
that
he
has
a
newborn
baby
.
β’
The
soup
is
less
salty
after
adding
water
.
The
soup
is
less
salty
after
adding
water
.
increase
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
to
become
larger
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
level
,
or
to
make
something
become
larger
β’
Prices
usually
increase
before
the
holidays
.
Prices
usually
increase
before
the
holidays
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
increase
the
font
size
so
everyone
could
read
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
increase
the
font
size
so
everyone
could
read
.
From
Latin
'increscere'
meaning
'to
grow
into'
,
via
Old
French
'encroistre'
.
noun
a
rise
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
level
β’
There
was
a
sharp
increase
in
online
sales
last
year
.
There
was
a
sharp
increase
in
online
sales
last
year
.
β’
An
increase
in
temperature
can
melt
the
ice
quickly
.
An
increase
in
temperature
can
melt
the
ice
quickly
.
Derived
from
the
verb
sense
dating
back
to
Middle
English
,
originally
β
growth
β
or
β
ascent
β.
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
to
become
larger
in
number
,
amount
,
or
size
,
or
to
make
something
larger
β’
Adding
a
little
salt
will
increase
the
flavor
of
the
soup
.
Adding
a
little
salt
will
increase
the
flavor
of
the
soup
.
β’
After
the
ad
campaign
,
website
traffic
increased
overnight
.
After
the
ad
campaign
,
website
traffic
increased
overnight
.
From
Middle
English
β
encresen
β,
from
Old
French
β
encreistre
β,
from
Latin
β
increscere
β
meaning
β
to
grow
into
β.
noun
a
rise
in
number
,
amount
,
or
size
β’
There
was
a
sudden
increase
in
temperature
this
afternoon
.
There
was
a
sudden
increase
in
temperature
this
afternoon
.
β’
The
company
reported
an
increase
of
10%
in
profits
.
The
company
reported
an
increase
of
10%
in
profits
.
From
Middle
English
β
encres
β,
from
Old
French
β
encreis
β,
from
Latin
β
incrementum
β
meaning
β
a
growth
β.
past
preposition
beyond
or
later
than
a
particular
point
in
place
or
time
β’
We
drove
past
the
library
and
turned
right
.
We
drove
past
the
library
and
turned
right
.
β’
It
is
ten
minutes
past
three
.
It
is
ten
minutes
past
three
.
noun
the
time
that
has
already
happened
before
now
β’
We
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
past
.
We
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
past
.
β’
Stop
living
in
the
past
and
focus
on
today
.
Stop
living
in
the
past
and
focus
on
today
.
Old
English
"
pæst
" (β
gone
by
β)
used
substantively
to
mean
the
time
gone
by
.
preposition
later
than
a
particular
moment
in
time
β’
It
is
already
ten
minutes
past
nine
.
It
is
already
ten
minutes
past
nine
.
β’
She
studied
past
midnight
to
prepare
for
the
exam
.
She
studied
past
midnight
to
prepare
for
the
exam
.
preposition
on
the
farther
side
of
;
beyond
a
place
or
object
β’
The
boy
ran
past
the
ice-cream
truck
laughing
loudly
.
The
boy
ran
past
the
ice-cream
truck
laughing
loudly
.
β’
We
drove
past
the
stadium
on
our
way
home
.
We
drove
past
the
stadium
on
our
way
home
.
noun
the
time
before
the
present
or
the
earlier
life
or
history
of
someone
or
something
β’
Maria
often
thinks
about
her
past
when
she
lived
in
Spain
.
Maria
often
thinks
about
her
past
when
she
lived
in
Spain
.
β’
The
museum
exhibit
shows
the
past
of
the
ancient
city
.
The
museum
exhibit
shows
the
past
of
the
ancient
city
.
From
Middle
English
,
from
Old
English
β
pæst
β
meaning
β
gone
by
β,
past
participle
of
β
pæstan
β (β
to
pass
β).
adjective
gone
by
in
time
;
earlier
or
former
β’
I
still
keep
letters
from
past
friends
in
a
box
.
I
still
keep
letters
from
past
friends
in
a
box
.
β’
The
company
wants
to
avoid
past
mistakes
.
The
company
wants
to
avoid
past
mistakes
.
adjective
happening
or
existing
before
now
or
before
a
particular
point
in
time
β’
In
past
years
,
the
river
often
flooded
this
field
.
In
past
years
,
the
river
often
flooded
this
field
.
β’
She
keeps
letters
from
past
friends
in
a
small
box
under
her
bed
.
She
keeps
letters
from
past
friends
in
a
small
box
under
her
bed
.
From
Middle
English
,
borrowed
from
Old
English
"
pæst
" (β
gone
by
,
in
the
past
β),
related
to
the
verb
"
pass
".
preposition
later
than
or
beyond
a
particular
point
in
time
or
place
β’
It
β
s
already
past
midnight
;
you
should
sleep
.
It
β
s
already
past
midnight
;
you
should
sleep
.
β’
The
bakery
is
just
past
the
bank
on
the
left
.
The
bakery
is
just
past
the
bank
on
the
left
.
Developed
from
the
sense
of
movement
or
position
beyond
a
point
,
related
to
verb
"
pass
".
adjective
happening
or
existing
before
the
present
time
;
finished
β’
We
should
learn
from
past
mistakes
.
We
should
learn
from
past
mistakes
.
β’
The
past
week
has
been
exhausting
for
everyone
.
The
past
week
has
been
exhausting
for
everyone
.
noun
the
time
before
the
present
;
what
has
already
happened
β’
We
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
past
.
We
can
learn
a
lot
from
the
past
.
β’
He
never
talks
about
his
troubled
past
.
He
never
talks
about
his
troubled
past
.
adverb
moving
by
or
beyond
a
place
or
point
β’
The
cyclist
sped
past
before
I
could
wave
.
The
cyclist
sped
past
before
I
could
wave
.
β’
A
train
roared
past
the
station
at
full
speed
.
A
train
roared
past
the
station
at
full
speed
.
adverb
by
or
beyond
a
place
,
point
,
or
moment
β’
The
cyclist
sped
past
on
the
narrow
road
.
The
cyclist
sped
past
on
the
narrow
road
.
β’
I
watched
the
parade
march
past
.
I
watched
the
parade
march
past
.
adverb
moving
by
or
going
farther
than
something
β’
I
tried
to
say
hello
,
but
she
walked
past
without
a
word
.
I
tried
to
say
hello
,
but
she
walked
past
without
a
word
.
β’
The
train
sped
past
quickly
.
The
train
sped
past
quickly
.
Adverbial
use
grew
from
prepositional
sense
indicating
movement
beyond
.
fast
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
moving
,
happening
,
or
able
to
move
quickly
β’
The
fast
train
reached
the
city
in
just
two
hours
.
The
fast
train
reached
the
city
in
just
two
hours
.
β’
Usain
Bolt
is
famous
for
being
the
fastest
sprinter
in
the
world
.
Usain
Bolt
is
famous
for
being
the
fastest
sprinter
in
the
world
.
Old
English
fæst
meaning
β
firm
,
fixed
β.
The
sense
β
rapid
β
appeared
in
Middle
English
from
the
idea
of
firmly
,
closely
following
time
.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
moving
,
happening
,
or
acting
at
high
speed
β’
The
cheetah
is
a
very
fast
runner
.
The
cheetah
is
a
very
fast
runner
.
β’
She
bought
a
fast
laptop
that
loads
games
in
seconds
.
She
bought
a
fast
laptop
that
loads
games
in
seconds
.
Old
English
fæst
β
firm
,
secure
β,
later
extended
to
speed
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
quickly
;
at
high
speed
β’
He
ran
fast
to
catch
the
bus
.
He
ran
fast
to
catch
the
bus
.
β’
The
river
flowed
fast
after
the
heavy
rain
.
The
river
flowed
fast
after
the
heavy
rain
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
meaning
β
swift
β,
used
adverbially
since
Middle
English
.
adverb
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
quickly
;
at
high
speed
β’
The
river
was
flowing
fast
after
the
heavy
rain
.
The
river
was
flowing
fast
after
the
heavy
rain
.
β’
Please
drive
more
fast
β
we
are
late
for
the
movie
!
Please
drive
more
fast
β
we
are
late
for
the
movie
!
Adverb
from
the
adjective
β
fast
β,
used
since
Old
English
to
mean
β
firmly
β;
by
the
14th
century
it
also
meant
β
quickly
β.
verb
-
fast
,
fasting
,
fasts
,
fasted
to
choose
not
to
eat
food
,
or
to
eat
very
little
,
for
a
period
of
time
,
often
for
religious
or
health
reasons
β’
Muslims
fast
from
sunrise
to
sunset
during
Ramadan
.
Muslims
fast
from
sunrise
to
sunset
during
Ramadan
.
β’
He
decided
to
fast
for
24
hours
to
give
his
digestive
system
a
rest
.
He
decided
to
fast
for
24
hours
to
give
his
digestive
system
a
rest
.
Old
English
fæstan
β
to
hold
firmly
,
observe
,
fast
β,
related
to
the
noun
β
fast
β.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
(
of
a
clock
or
watch
)
showing
a
time
later
than
the
correct
time
β’
My
alarm
clock
is
five
minutes
fast
,
so
I
always
arrive
early
.
My
alarm
clock
is
five
minutes
fast
,
so
I
always
arrive
early
.
β’
This
watch
runs
fast
and
needs
to
be
adjusted
.
This
watch
runs
fast
and
needs
to
be
adjusted
.
Sense
recorded
from
the
18th
century
,
meaning
a
clock
β
gains
β
time
.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
fixed
firmly
;
difficult
to
move
β’
The
door
was
stuck
fast
in
its
frame
.
The
door
was
stuck
fast
in
its
frame
.
β’
She
held
fast
to
the
railing
during
the
storm
.
She
held
fast
to
the
railing
during
the
storm
.
Original
meaning
in
Old
English
was
β
firm
,
fixed
β.
verb
to
choose
not
to
eat
food
for
a
period
of
time
,
often
for
religious
or
health
reasons
β’
Muslims
fast
from
dawn
to
sunset
during
Ramadan
.
Muslims
fast
from
dawn
to
sunset
during
Ramadan
.
β’
Some
people
fast
once
a
week
for
health
benefits
.
Some
people
fast
once
a
week
for
health
benefits
.
Old
English
fæstan
β
to
observe
abstinence
β,
related
to
the
noun
form
.
noun
a
period
of
time
during
which
someone
does
not
eat
food
β’
The
doctor
asked
her
to
go
on
a
twelve-hour
fast
before
surgery
.
The
doctor
asked
her
to
go
on
a
twelve-hour
fast
before
surgery
.
β’
Breaking
the
fast
with
dates
is
a
common
tradition
.
Breaking
the
fast
with
dates
is
a
common
tradition
.
Old
English
fæsten
β
fast
,
fasting
day
β.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
firmly
fixed
and
not
likely
to
move
or
come
loose
β’
Make
sure
the
ladder
is
fast
before
you
climb
it
.
Make
sure
the
ladder
is
fast
before
you
climb
it
.
β’
The
ship
was
held
fast
by
thick
ropes
at
the
dock
.
The
ship
was
held
fast
by
thick
ropes
at
the
dock
.
Old
English
fæst
meant
β
firm
,
fixed
β;
this
is
the
original
sense
of
the
word
.
noun
a
period
of
time
during
which
a
person
does
not
eat
,
especially
for
religious
reasons
β’
They
broke
their
fast
at
sunset
with
a
small
meal
.
They
broke
their
fast
at
sunset
with
a
small
meal
.
β’
The
doctor
recommended
a
short
fast
before
surgery
.
The
doctor
recommended
a
short
fast
before
surgery
.
From
Old
English
fæsten
β
voluntary
abstinence
from
food
β;
related
to
the
verb
β
fast
β.
adjective
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
firmly
loyal
and
lasting
(
of
friendship
or
belief
)
β’
They
have
been
fast
friends
since
childhood
.
They
have
been
fast
friends
since
childhood
.
β’
Her
faith
remained
fast
despite
the
hardships
.
Her
faith
remained
fast
despite
the
hardships
.
Sense
evolved
from
the
older
meaning
β
firmly
fixed
β
to
abstract
ideas
like
loyalty
by
the
14th
century
.
adverb
-
fast
,
faster
,
fastest
firmly
and
securely
β’
The
flag
was
nailed
fast
to
the
mast
during
the
storm
.
The
flag
was
nailed
fast
to
the
mast
during
the
storm
.
β’
She
held
on
fast
to
her
mother
β
s
hand
in
the
crowd
.
She
held
on
fast
to
her
mother
β
s
hand
in
the
crowd
.
From
early
usages
meaning
β
securely
β;
the
idea
of
firmness
extended
to
physical
and
metaphorical
contexts
.
glass
noun
-
glass
a
hard
,
clear
material
that
you
can
see
through
,
used
for
windows
,
bottles
,
and
many
other
objects
β’
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
The
museum
displayed
a
delicate
vase
made
of
glass
.
β’
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Please
be
careful
:
there's
broken
glass
on
the
floor
.
Old
English
glas
β
glass
,
mirror
,
hourglass
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
*glasam
.
noun
-
glass
,
glasses
a
cup
,
usually
made
of
glass
,
that
you
drink
from
;
also
the
amount
of
liquid
it
holds
β’
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
She
poured
a
glass
of
orange
juice
for
her
brother
.
β’
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
The
waiter
collected
the
empty
glass
from
the
table
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
to
fit
or
cover
something
with
sheets
or
panes
of
glass
β’
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
The
carpenter
will
glass
the
greenhouse
tomorrow
.
β’
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
They
glassed
the
picture
to
protect
it
from
dust
.
verb
-
glass
,
glassing
,
glasses
,
glassed
informal
:
to
hit
someone
in
the
face
with
a
drinking
glass
so
that
it
breaks
and
cuts
them
β’
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
In
the
bar
fight
,
one
man
suddenly
glassed
another
.
β’
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
The
suspect
admitted
he
had
glassed
the
victim
in
anger
.
measure
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
discover
the
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
of
something
using
a
tool
or
numbers
β’
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
β
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
β
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
β’
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
find
out
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
using
a
tool
or
numbers
.
β’
The
carpenter
carefully
measured
the
length
of
the
wooden
board
.
The
carpenter
carefully
measured
the
length
of
the
wooden
board
.
β’
She
measures
the
flour
with
a
small
cup
to
bake
the
cake
.
She
measures
the
flour
with
a
small
cup
to
bake
the
cake
.
From
Old
French
mesurer
,
from
Latin
mΔtΔ«rΔ«
β
to
measure
.β
noun
a
standard
quantity
that
people
agree
on
and
use
for
comparing
or
counting
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
,
such
as
a
cup
,
meter
,
or
kilogram
β’
The
recipe
calls
for
one
measure
of
olive
oil
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
measure
of
olive
oil
.
β’
A
meter
is
a
common
measure
of
length
used
in
science
classes
.
A
meter
is
a
common
measure
of
length
used
in
science
classes
.
From
Middle
English
mesure
,
from
Old
French
mesure
,
from
Latin
mΔnsΕ«ra
β
a
measuring
,
rule
,
standard
β.
noun
-
measure
the
act
or
process
of
finding
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
β’
The
tailor
took
the
customer
β
s
measure
before
sewing
the
suit
.
The
tailor
took
the
customer
β
s
measure
before
sewing
the
suit
.
β’
Scientists
keep
constant
measure
of
the
temperature
inside
the
lab
.
Scientists
keep
constant
measure
of
the
temperature
inside
the
lab
.
noun
an
action
or
plan
done
to
achieve
a
particular
result
or
to
solve
a
problem
β’
Installing
cameras
was
a
security
measure
at
the
bank
.
Installing
cameras
was
a
security
measure
at
the
bank
.
β’
The
city
introduced
water-saving
measures
during
the
drought
.
The
city
introduced
water-saving
measures
during
the
drought
.
noun
an
amount
or
level
of
something
,
shown
as
a
number
,
size
,
or
quantity
.
β’
The
doctor
took
my
temperature
as
a
measure
of
how
bad
the
fever
was
.
The
doctor
took
my
temperature
as
a
measure
of
how
bad
the
fever
was
.
β’
Speed
is
often
used
as
a
measure
of
a
runner
β
s
progress
during
training
.
Speed
is
often
used
as
a
measure
of
a
runner
β
s
progress
during
training
.
From
Old
French
mesure
,
from
Latin
mΔnsΕ«ra
β
a
measuring
,
measure
,β
from
mΔnsus
,
past
participle
of
mΔtΔ«rΔ«
β
to
measure
β.
noun
an
action
or
plan
taken
to
achieve
a
particular
result
or
to
deal
with
a
problem
.
β’
Installing
security
cameras
was
a
necessary
measure
to
protect
the
store
.
Installing
security
cameras
was
a
necessary
measure
to
protect
the
store
.
β’
The
government
announced
new
health
measures
to
stop
the
spread
of
the
virus
.
The
government
announced
new
health
measures
to
stop
the
spread
of
the
virus
.
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
judge
the
importance
,
value
,
or
effect
of
something
β’
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
β’
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
noun
in
music
,
a
group
of
beats
between
two
bar
lines
on
a
staff
β’
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
the
band
off
beat
.
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
the
band
off
beat
.
β’
Each
measure
in
this
song
has
four
quarter
notes
.
Each
measure
in
this
song
has
four
quarter
notes
.
noun
a
segment
of
written
music
containing
a
set
number
of
beats
;
a
bar
.
β’
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
off
the
whole
band
.
The
drummer
missed
a
measure
and
threw
off
the
whole
band
.
β’
Each
measure
in
the
song
has
four
beats
.
Each
measure
in
the
song
has
four
beats
.
noun
a
proposal
or
law
that
is
voted
on
by
a
legislature
or
by
the
public
.
β’
The
city
council
passed
a
measure
to
increase
funding
for
libraries
.
The
city
council
passed
a
measure
to
increase
funding
for
libraries
.
β’
Voters
will
decide
on
the
tax
measure
in
next
week
β
s
election
.
Voters
will
decide
on
the
tax
measure
in
next
week
β
s
election
.
gas
noun
-
gas
Fuel
in
the
form
of
natural
gas
that
is
piped
to
homes
and
buildings
for
cooking
or
heating
.
β’
We
cook
dinner
on
a
stove
that
runs
on
gas
.
We
cook
dinner
on
a
stove
that
runs
on
gas
.
β’
The
utility
company
lowered
its
gas
prices
this
winter
.
The
utility
company
lowered
its
gas
prices
this
winter
.
noun
-
gas
(
US
informal
)
The
liquid
fuel
,
gasoline
,
used
in
car
and
truck
engines
.
β’
We
stopped
to
buy
gas
before
driving
across
the
desert
.
We
stopped
to
buy
gas
before
driving
across
the
desert
.
β’
The
price
of
gas
rose
again
last
week
.
The
price
of
gas
rose
again
last
week
.
noun
-
gas
,
gases
A
substance
like
air
that
spreads
in
all
directions
and
has
no
fixed
shape
or
volume
.
β’
Steam
is
water
in
the
form
of
gas
.
Steam
is
water
in
the
form
of
gas
.
β’
When
you
blow
up
a
balloon
,
the
gas
inside
makes
it
expand
.
When
you
blow
up
a
balloon
,
the
gas
inside
makes
it
expand
.
noun
-
gas
Air
that
builds
up
inside
the
stomach
or
intestines
and
can
make
you
burp
or
fart
.
β’
After
eating
beans
,
he
had
a
lot
of
gas
in
his
stomach
.
After
eating
beans
,
he
had
a
lot
of
gas
in
his
stomach
.
β’
She
excused
herself
to
avoid
passing
gas
in
the
meeting
.
She
excused
herself
to
avoid
passing
gas
in
the
meeting
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
fill
a
vehicle
,
machine
,
or
container
with
fuel
.
β’
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
He
gassed
the
lawnmower
before
cutting
the
grass
.
β’
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
Let's
stop
and
gas
the
car
before
we
reach
the
mountains
.
noun
-
gas
,
gases
(
Slang
)
Something
or
someone
that
is
very
funny
or
enjoyable
.
β’
That
comedy
show
was
a
real
gas
!
That
comedy
show
was
a
real
gas
!
β’
Grandpa
is
such
a
gas
when
he
tells
his
old
stories
.
Grandpa
is
such
a
gas
when
he
tells
his
old
stories
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
To
kill
or
injure
people
or
animals
by
using
poisonous
gas
.
β’
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
Soldiers
were
tragically
gassed
in
the
trenches
during
the
war
.
β’
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
The
villain
threatened
to
gas
the
entire
city
.
verb
-
gas
,
gassing
,
gasses
,
gassed
(
Informal
)
To
talk
a
lot
,
especially
in
a
silly
or
boring
way
.
β’
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
They
sat
on
the
porch
and
gassed
about
old
times
.
β’
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
Stop
gassing
and
get
back
to
work
.
sea
noun
the
vast
body
of
salty
water
that
covers
most
of
the
Earth
β
s
surface
β’
On
a
hot
summer
day
,
the
children
ran
straight
into
the
cool
sea
to
splash
and
play
.
On
a
hot
summer
day
,
the
children
ran
straight
into
the
cool
sea
to
splash
and
play
.
β’
At
dawn
,
a
fisherman
steered
his
small
boat
out
onto
the
calm
sea
.
At
dawn
,
a
fisherman
steered
his
small
boat
out
onto
the
calm
sea
.
Old
English
β
sæ
β,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
β
zee
β
and
German
β
See
β.
noun
a
specific
part
of
the
world
ocean
that
has
its
own
name
and
is
partly
enclosed
by
land
β’
The
Mediterranean
Sea
is
famous
for
its
clear
blue
water
and
ancient
coastal
towns
.
The
Mediterranean
Sea
is
famous
for
its
clear
blue
water
and
ancient
coastal
towns
.
β’
Scientists
are
studying
the
shrinking
of
the
Aral
Sea
in
Central
Asia
.
Scientists
are
studying
the
shrinking
of
the
Aral
Sea
in
Central
Asia
.
noun
the
condition
of
the
ocean
β
s
surface
,
especially
regarding
the
height
and
strength
of
its
waves
β’
A
heavy
sea
rocked
the
fishing
trawler
during
the
night
.
A
heavy
sea
rocked
the
fishing
trawler
during
the
night
.
β’
After
the
storm
passed
,
the
sea
finally
settled
and
the
captain
relaxed
.
After
the
storm
passed
,
the
sea
finally
settled
and
the
captain
relaxed
.
noun
a
very
large
number
or
wide
expanse
of
something
,
used
figuratively
for
emphasis
β’
I
looked
out
at
a
sea
of
colorful
umbrellas
on
the
crowded
beach
.
I
looked
out
at
a
sea
of
colorful
umbrellas
on
the
crowded
beach
.
β’
She
felt
lost
in
a
sea
of
information
while
researching
online
.
She
felt
lost
in
a
sea
of
information
while
researching
online
.
task
noun
a
piece
of
work
or
duty
that
someone
has
to
do
β’
Finishing
the
report
was
the
most
difficult
task
of
the
day
.
Finishing
the
report
was
the
most
difficult
task
of
the
day
.
β’
The
teacher
gave
each
student
a
small
cleaning
task
after
class
.
The
teacher
gave
each
student
a
small
cleaning
task
after
class
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
North
French
tasque
,
from
Medieval
Latin
tasca
"
tax
,
service
",
ultimately
from
Latin
taxare
"
to
evaluate
,
handle
".
verb
to
give
someone
a
job
or
duty
to
do
β’
The
manager
tasked
Mia
with
organizing
the
company
picnic
.
The
manager
tasked
Mia
with
organizing
the
company
picnic
.
β’
We
have
been
tasked
to
design
a
new
logo
by
Friday
.
We
have
been
tasked
to
design
a
new
logo
by
Friday
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
single
program
or
process
being
handled
by
a
computer
β’
The
phone
froze
because
too
many
tasks
were
running
at
once
.
The
phone
froze
because
too
many
tasks
were
running
at
once
.
β’
You
can
end
an
unresponsive
program
in
the
Task
Manager
.
You
can
end
an
unresponsive
program
in
the
Task
Manager
.
easily
adverb
in
a
way
that
needs
little
or
no
effort
or
thought
;
without
difficulty
β’
Mia
lifted
the
lightweight
box
easily
with
one
hand
.
Mia
lifted
the
lightweight
box
easily
with
one
hand
.
β’
After
weeks
of
practice
,
Luis
can
now
run
five
kilometers
easily
.
After
weeks
of
practice
,
Luis
can
now
run
five
kilometers
easily
.
From
Middle
English
esely
,
from
Old
French
aisΓ©ment
(β
comfortably
,
readily
β),
from
aise
(β
ease
β).
adverb
used
to
emphasize
that
something
is
by
far
the
greatest
,
best
,
worst
,
or
most
extreme
of
its
kind
β’
That
was
easily
the
funniest
movie
I
have
seen
this
year
.
That
was
easily
the
funniest
movie
I
have
seen
this
year
.
β’
Leah
is
easily
the
fastest
swimmer
on
the
team
.
Leah
is
easily
the
fastest
swimmer
on
the
team
.
adverb
likely
or
possibly
;
used
to
show
that
something
could
happen
or
be
true
without
much
effort
or
that
it
almost
happened
β’
We
could
easily
miss
the
train
if
we
don't
leave
now
.
We
could
easily
miss
the
train
if
we
don't
leave
now
.
β’
He
could
easily
have
forgotten
your
address
.
He
could
easily
have
forgotten
your
address
.
basis
noun
-
basis
,
bases
the
underlying
support
,
reason
,
or
foundation
for
an
idea
,
argument
,
plan
,
or
process
β’
Her
accusation
had
no
real
basis
and
was
dismissed
.
Her
accusation
had
no
real
basis
and
was
dismissed
.
β’
Trust
forms
the
basis
of
any
strong
friendship
.
Trust
forms
the
basis
of
any
strong
friendship
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Latin
,
from
Greek
β
basis
β
meaning
β
step
,
foundation
β.
noun
-
basis
,
bases
a
particular
interval
,
pattern
,
or
system
used
to
describe
how
often
or
in
what
way
something
happens
β’
The
bus
runs
on
an
hourly
basis
.
The
bus
runs
on
an
hourly
basis
.
β’
They
meet
on
a
weekly
basis
to
discuss
progress
.
They
meet
on
a
weekly
basis
to
discuss
progress
.
noun
-
basis
,
bases
Mathematics
:
a
set
of
independent
vectors
that
can
be
combined
to
produce
every
vector
in
a
particular
vector
space
β’
In
three-dimensional
space
,
the
vectors
i
,
j
,
and
k
form
a
standard
basis
.
In
three-dimensional
space
,
the
vectors
i
,
j
,
and
k
form
a
standard
basis
.
β’
Changing
the
basis
can
simplify
the
matrix
representation
of
a
transformation
.
Changing
the
basis
can
simplify
the
matrix
representation
of
a
transformation
.
noun
-
basis
,
bases
Finance
:
the
original
cost
or
value
of
an
asset
used
to
calculate
profit
or
loss
when
it
is
sold
β’
Subtract
the
property's
basis
from
the
selling
price
to
find
the
gain
.
Subtract
the
property's
basis
from
the
selling
price
to
find
the
gain
.
β’
Improvements
can
increase
the
basis
of
an
asset
for
tax
purposes
.
Improvements
can
increase
the
basis
of
an
asset
for
tax
purposes
.
basic
adjective
simple
and
without
extra
features
or
decoration
β’
She
prefers
a
basic
black
dress
that
she
can
wear
anywhere
.
She
prefers
a
basic
black
dress
that
she
can
wear
anywhere
.
β’
We
stayed
in
a
basic
cabin
with
no
electricity
.
We
stayed
in
a
basic
cabin
with
no
electricity
.
noun
the
simplest
and
most
essential
facts
,
ideas
,
or
skills
of
a
subject
β’
The
course
starts
with
the
basics
of
first
aid
.
The
course
starts
with
the
basics
of
first
aid
.
β’
Before
you
cook
complex
dishes
,
master
the
basics
like
boiling
an
egg
.
Before
you
cook
complex
dishes
,
master
the
basics
like
boiling
an
egg
.
adjective
forming
the
essential
foundation
of
something
;
fundamental
β’
Before
diving
into
advanced
moves
,
the
coach
taught
the
swimmers
the
basic
techniques
.
Before
diving
into
advanced
moves
,
the
coach
taught
the
swimmers
the
basic
techniques
.
β’
Everyone
must
understand
the
basic
safety
rules
before
entering
the
lab
.
Everyone
must
understand
the
basic
safety
rules
before
entering
the
lab
.
From
base
+β
-ic
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
19th
century
.
adjective
in
chemistry
,
having
the
properties
of
a
base
;
alkaline
β’
Ammonia
solution
is
basic
and
can
be
used
to
neutralize
acids
.
Ammonia
solution
is
basic
and
can
be
used
to
neutralize
acids
.
β’
Litmus
paper
turns
blue
in
a
basic
environment
.
Litmus
paper
turns
blue
in
a
basic
environment
.
adjective
informal
,
disapproving
β
considered
unoriginal
,
mainstream
,
or
predictable
β’
He
called
the
coffee
shop
too
basic
because
they
only
served
vanilla
lattes
.
He
called
the
coffee
shop
too
basic
because
they
only
served
vanilla
lattes
.
β’
"
Pumpkin
spice
again
?
You're
so
basic
!"
her
friend
teased
.
"
Pumpkin
spice
again
?
You're
so
basic
!"
her
friend
teased
.
Gained
its
present
slang
sense
in
early
2000s
American
English
,
emerging
from
college
and
internet
culture
.
Christmas
noun
-
Christmas
the
Christian
festival
celebrated
on
25
December
to
mark
the
birth
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
the
holiday
period
around
that
date
β’
Every
year
,
our
family
gathers
for
Christmas
dinner
at
my
grandmother
β
s
house
.
Every
year
,
our
family
gathers
for
Christmas
dinner
at
my
grandmother
β
s
house
.
β’
The
children
were
excited
to
open
their
presents
on
Christmas
morning
.
The
children
were
excited
to
open
their
presents
on
Christmas
morning
.
Old
English
Cristes
mæsse
β
mass
of
Christ
,β
referring
to
a
church
service
celebrating
Jesus
β
s
birth
;
over
time
it
came
to
mean
the
festival
itself
.
interjection
used
as
a
mild
exclamation
to
show
surprise
,
frustration
,
or
annoyance
β’
Christmas
!
I
left
my
wallet
at
home
again
.
Christmas
!
I
left
my
wallet
at
home
again
.
β’
Christmas
β
that
was
a
close
call
!
Christmas
β
that
was
a
close
call
!
Originates
from
using
the
sacred
name
in
a
non-religious
context
as
a
euphemism
for
stronger
oaths
,
attested
in
British
English
since
the
19th
century
.
master
noun
a
person
who
is
extremely
skilled
or
highly
respected
as
an
expert
in
a
particular
activity
,
craft
,
or
subject
β’
After
years
of
practice
,
she
became
a
master
of
the
violin
.
After
years
of
practice
,
she
became
a
master
of
the
violin
.
β’
The
chef
was
known
as
the
master
of
French
pastries
in
the
city
.
The
chef
was
known
as
the
master
of
French
pastries
in
the
city
.
From
Old
English
mægester
via
Latin
magister
meaning
β
teacher
β
or
β
chief
β.
noun
a
man
who
has
control
or
authority
over
people
,
animals
,
or
things
β’
The
dog
waited
patiently
for
its
master
to
return
home
.
The
dog
waited
patiently
for
its
master
to
return
home
.
β’
Sailors
followed
every
command
from
the
ship
β
s
master
.
Sailors
followed
every
command
from
the
ship
β
s
master
.
Same
root
as
sense
1
,
expanding
to
meanings
of
authority
during
Middle
English
.
verb
-
master
,
mastering
,
masters
,
mastered
to
learn
,
understand
,
or
control
something
so
completely
that
you
can
use
it
very
well
β’
It
took
her
months
to
master
the
new
software
.
It
took
her
months
to
master
the
new
software
.
β’
He
finally
mastered
the
art
of
baking
sourdough
bread
.
He
finally
mastered
the
art
of
baking
sourdough
bread
.
Verb
sense
emerged
from
the
noun
,
meaning
β
become
master
of
β
from
Middle
English
.
noun
the
original
version
of
a
recording
,
document
,
or
file
from
which
all
copies
are
made
β’
Engineers
carefully
stored
the
studio
master
to
keep
the
sound
quality
perfect
.
Engineers
carefully
stored
the
studio
master
to
keep
the
sound
quality
perfect
.
β’
Always
back
up
the
project
β
s
master
file
before
making
major
edits
.
Always
back
up
the
project
β
s
master
file
before
making
major
edits
.
Technological
sense
arose
in
the
20th
century
from
β
master
copy
β,
the
model
for
duplication
.
adjective
main
,
most
important
,
or
having
overall
control
β’
The
engineer
checked
the
master
switch
before
starting
the
machine
.
The
engineer
checked
the
master
switch
before
starting
the
machine
.
β’
We
need
a
master
plan
before
we
begin
the
project
.
We
need
a
master
plan
before
we
begin
the
project
.
Adjectival
use
appeared
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
things
with
commanding
importance
.
basically
adverb
in
the
most
important
or
fundamental
way
;
essentially
β’
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
β’
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Formed
from
basic
+β
-ally
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
mean
β
in
a
basic
manner
.β
adverb
used
in
conversation
to
introduce
or
emphasize
a
simple
summary
of
what
you
mean
β’
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
β’
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Same
origin
as
the
fundamental
sense
;
its
use
as
a
discourse
marker
became
common
in
the
late
20th
century
.
am
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
the
form
of
the
verb
β
be
β
that
is
used
with
β
I
β
in
the
present
tense
β’
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
β’
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
From
Old
English
β
eom
β,
first-person
singular
of
β
beon/bΔo
β,
related
to
German
β
bin
β
and
Latin
β
sum
β.
extra
adjective
added
to
what
is
usual
,
expected
,
or
needed
β’
Could
you
bring
some
extra
chairs
for
the
guests
?
Could
you
bring
some
extra
chairs
for
the
guests
?
β’
I
always
carry
an
extra
pen
in
case
mine
runs
out
.
I
always
carry
an
extra
pen
in
case
mine
runs
out
.
From
Latin
extra
meaning
β
outside
,
beyond
.β
noun
a
thing
that
is
additional
to
what
is
usual
or
expected
β’
The
phone
comes
with
an
extra
like
a
protective
case
.
The
phone
comes
with
an
extra
like
a
protective
case
.
β’
Put
the
extras
in
the
attic
until
we
need
them
.
Put
the
extras
in
the
attic
until
we
need
them
.
Extension
of
adjective
use
in
early
19th
century
to
label
surplus
items
.
noun
a
person
hired
to
appear
in
a
crowd
or
background
role
in
a
film
,
television
show
,
or
commercial
β’
He
worked
as
an
extra
in
a
medieval
battle
scene
.
He
worked
as
an
extra
in
a
medieval
battle
scene
.
β’
The
director
asked
the
extras
to
react
with
surprise
.
The
director
asked
the
extras
to
react
with
surprise
.
Film
industry
usage
dates
from
early
1900s
,
shortening
of
β
extra
actor
.β
being
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
present
participle
of
β
be
β;
used
to
show
continuous
action
or
describe
someone
β
s
behaviour
β’
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
β’
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
β
Being
β
as
a
present
participle
of
β
be
β
dates
back
to
Old
English
,
where
present
participles
were
formed
with
β
-ende
β,
later
becoming
β
-ing
β.
cash
noun
-
cash
money
in
the
form
of
coins
or
banknotes
that
you
can
use
immediately
,
rather
than
cheques
or
credit
cards
β’
I
paid
for
the
sandwich
with
cash
because
the
cafΓ©'s
card
machine
was
broken
.
I
paid
for
the
sandwich
with
cash
because
the
cafΓ©'s
card
machine
was
broken
.
β’
The
street
musician
had
a
hat
on
the
ground
to
collect
cash
from
passers-by
.
The
street
musician
had
a
hat
on
the
ground
to
collect
cash
from
passers-by
.
Middle
French
caisse
(β
money
box
,
treasury
β)
and
Old
Italian
cassa
,
from
Latin
capsa
(β
box
β).
The
sense
shifted
from
the
container
to
the
money
itself
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
cash
money
that
a
person
or
business
keeps
available
to
spend
immediately
,
especially
as
shown
in
financial
records
β’
The
company
kept
extra
cash
on
hand
to
cover
unexpected
repairs
.
The
company
kept
extra
cash
on
hand
to
cover
unexpected
repairs
.
β’
Low
cash
flow
forced
the
startup
to
seek
new
investors
.
Low
cash
flow
forced
the
startup
to
seek
new
investors
.
verb
-
cash
,
cashing
,
cashes
,
cashed
to
exchange
a
cheque
,
voucher
,
or
winning
ticket
for
money
β’
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
β’
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
classroom
noun
a
room
in
a
school
,
college
,
or
other
educational
place
where
lessons
are
taught
β’
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
The
students
entered
the
classroom
and
took
their
seats
.
β’
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
After
the
bell
rang
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
day's
goals
on
the
classroom
whiteboard
.
Formed
from
class
+
room
in
the
late
19th
century
as
schools
expanded
and
needed
dedicated
spaces
for
teaching
.
noun
the
students
who
belong
to
a
particular
class
,
thought
of
together
as
one
group
β’
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
The
whole
classroom
cheered
when
the
teacher
canceled
the
quiz
.
β’
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
Our
classroom
voted
to
plant
a
tree
for
Earth
Day
.
By
extension
from
the
physical
space
to
the
group
of
learners
within
it
,
first
noted
in
education
writings
of
the
early
20th
century
.
coast
noun
the
land
right
next
to
the
sea
or
ocean
,
sometimes
referring
to
a
particular
stretch
of
that
land
β’
After
a
long
drive
,
they
finally
reached
the
coast
just
as
the
sun
began
to
set
.
After
a
long
drive
,
they
finally
reached
the
coast
just
as
the
sun
began
to
set
.
β’
Many
seabirds
build
nests
along
the
rugged
coast
near
the
old
lighthouse
.
Many
seabirds
build
nests
along
the
rugged
coast
near
the
old
lighthouse
.
verb
to
move
forward
using
only
momentum
,
without
adding
power
or
effort
β’
The
cyclist
stopped
pedaling
and
let
the
bike
coast
down
the
hill
.
The
cyclist
stopped
pedaling
and
let
the
bike
coast
down
the
hill
.
β’
After
turning
off
the
engine
,
the
small
boat
continued
to
coast
toward
the
wooden
dock
.
After
turning
off
the
engine
,
the
small
boat
continued
to
coast
toward
the
wooden
dock
.
verb
to
succeed
,
progress
,
or
finish
something
very
easily
and
with
little
effort
β’
With
her
experience
,
the
chef
could
coast
through
the
dinner
rush
without
breaking
a
sweat
.
With
her
experience
,
the
chef
could
coast
through
the
dinner
rush
without
breaking
a
sweat
.
β’
He
thought
he
could
coast
on
his
reputation
,
but
the
audience
expected
more
.
He
thought
he
could
coast
on
his
reputation
,
but
the
audience
expected
more
.
baseball
noun
-
baseball
A
bat-and-ball
sport
played
between
two
teams
of
nine
players
who
take
turns
batting
and
fielding
on
a
diamond-shaped
field
.
β’
Every
Saturday
afternoon
,
families
gather
at
the
park
to
watch
the
local
kids'
baseball
league
.
Every
Saturday
afternoon
,
families
gather
at
the
park
to
watch
the
local
kids'
baseball
league
.
β’
After
school
,
Carlos
grabs
his
glove
and
heads
to
the
field
to
practice
baseball
with
his
friends
.
After
school
,
Carlos
grabs
his
glove
and
heads
to
the
field
to
practice
baseball
with
his
friends
.
Originated
in
the
United
States
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
evolving
from
earlier
bat-and-ball
games
such
as
rounders
and
cricket
.
noun
A
small
white
leather-covered
ball
with
raised
red
stitching
that
is
hit
and
thrown
in
the
sport
of
baseball
.
β’
The
pitcher
rubbed
a
fresh
baseball
between
his
hands
before
the
first
throw
.
The
pitcher
rubbed
a
fresh
baseball
between
his
hands
before
the
first
throw
.
β’
Lena
displayed
the
signed
baseball
from
her
favorite
player
on
her
bedroom
shelf
.
Lena
displayed
the
signed
baseball
from
her
favorite
player
on
her
bedroom
shelf
.
Named
directly
from
the
sport
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
1800s
when
standardized
equipment
was
adopted
.
tea
noun
a
hot
drink
made
by
soaking
dried
leaves
of
the
tea
plant
in
boiling
water
,
usually
served
in
a
cup
β’
She
starts
every
morning
with
a
strong
cup
of
tea
.
She
starts
every
morning
with
a
strong
cup
of
tea
.
β’
Would
you
like
some
milk
in
your
tea
?
Would
you
like
some
milk
in
your
tea
?
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
mid-17th
century
from
Dutch
β
thee
,β
from
Malay
β
teh
,β
ultimately
from
Min
Chinese
dialects
.
noun
a
cup
,
mug
,
or
pot
of
the
drink
tea
β’
I'll
make
us
two
teas
while
we
wait
.
I'll
make
us
two
teas
while
we
wait
.
β’
He
ordered
an
iced
tea
to
cool
down
.
He
ordered
an
iced
tea
to
cool
down
.
massive
adjective
very
large
,
heavy
,
and
solid
in
size
or
weight
β’
The
castle
gate
was
a
massive
slab
of
oak
reinforced
with
iron
.
The
castle
gate
was
a
massive
slab
of
oak
reinforced
with
iron
.
β’
A
massive
elephant
strolled
across
the
dusty
savanna
at
dawn
.
A
massive
elephant
strolled
across
the
dusty
savanna
at
dawn
.
From
Middle
French
massif
β
solid
,
bulky
β,
from
Old
French
masser
β
to
lump
together
β,
ultimately
from
Latin
massa
β
lump
,
mass
β.
adjective
extremely
large
in
amount
,
degree
,
or
importance
β’
The
company
announced
a
massive
investment
in
renewable
energy
.
The
company
announced
a
massive
investment
in
renewable
energy
.
β’
After
weeks
of
training
,
she
saw
a
massive
improvement
in
her
marathon
time
.
After
weeks
of
training
,
she
saw
a
massive
improvement
in
her
marathon
time
.
adjective
(
informal
)
very
impressive
,
exciting
,
or
excellent
β’
That
concert
last
night
was
massive
!
That
concert
last
night
was
massive
!
β’
Our
team
scored
a
massive
win
in
the
final
minute
.
Our
team
scored
a
massive
win
in
the
final
minute
.
adjective
(
physics
)
having
mass
,
as
opposed
to
being
massless
β’
Unlike
photons
,
the
W
and
Z
bosons
are
massive
particles
.
Unlike
photons
,
the
W
and
Z
bosons
are
massive
particles
.
β’
The
theory
predicts
a
yet-undiscovered
massive
scalar
field
.
The
theory
predicts
a
yet-undiscovered
massive
scalar
field
.
plastic
noun
a
man-made
material
produced
from
polymers
that
can
be
shaped
when
soft
and
then
hardens
,
used
in
countless
products
β’
The
factory
recycles
plastic
bottles
into
new
products
.
The
factory
recycles
plastic
bottles
into
new
products
.
β’
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic
floated
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean
near
the
research
boat
.
Tiny
pieces
of
plastic
floated
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean
near
the
research
boat
.
From
Greek
plastikos
β
fit
for
molding
,
capable
of
being
shaped
β,
via
Latin
plasticus
and
French
plastique
,
adopted
into
English
in
the
1600s
to
describe
substances
that
could
be
molded
.
adjective
made
from
plastic
material
β’
She
bought
a
plastic
chair
for
the
balcony
.
She
bought
a
plastic
chair
for
the
balcony
.
β’
The
food
was
served
on
plastic
plates
at
the
picnic
.
The
food
was
served
on
plastic
plates
at
the
picnic
.
noun
-
plastic
informal
:
a
credit
card
or
the
use
of
credit
cards
as
a
way
to
pay
β’
I
left
my
cash
at
home
,
so
I'll
put
it
on
the
plastic
.
I
left
my
cash
at
home
,
so
I'll
put
it
on
the
plastic
.
β’
She
cut
up
her
plastic
to
avoid
overspending
.
She
cut
up
her
plastic
to
avoid
overspending
.
adjective
(
of
a
substance
,
idea
,
or
person
)
easily
shaped
,
changed
,
or
influenced
β’
A
child's
mind
is
highly
plastic
during
the
first
few
years
of
life
.
A
child's
mind
is
highly
plastic
during
the
first
few
years
of
life
.
β’
The
researcher
studied
how
the
brain
remains
plastic
after
injury
.
The
researcher
studied
how
the
brain
remains
plastic
after
injury
.
eastern
adjective
situated
in
or
toward
the
east
part
of
a
place
or
area
.
β’
They
moved
to
an
eastern
suburb
to
be
closer
to
the
beach
.
They
moved
to
an
eastern
suburb
to
be
closer
to
the
beach
.
β’
The
eastern
side
of
the
mountain
gets
the
first
sunlight
.
The
eastern
side
of
the
mountain
gets
the
first
sunlight
.
Old
English
Δasterne
,
from
Δast
(β
east
β)
+
βern
(β
directional
suffix
β),
meaning
β
toward
the
east
β.
adjective
(
of
wind
,
weather
,
or
another
moving
force
)
coming
from
the
east
.
β’
An
eastern
wind
carried
the
smell
of
the
sea
across
the
town
.
An
eastern
wind
carried
the
smell
of
the
sea
across
the
town
.
β’
Sailors
feared
the
strong
eastern
gales
during
winter
.
Sailors
feared
the
strong
eastern
gales
during
winter
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
adjective
:
Old
English
Δasterne
,
with
directional
suffix
βern
,
later
applied
to
winds
coming
from
that
direction
.
Eastern
adjective
relating
to
the
cultures
,
peoples
,
or
countries
of
the
East
,
especially
Asia
.
β’
She
loves
reading
about
Eastern
philosophy
.
She
loves
reading
about
Eastern
philosophy
.
β’
Many
Eastern
countries
celebrate
Lunar
New
Year
.
Many
Eastern
countries
celebrate
Lunar
New
Year
.
Capitalized
sense
developed
in
English
during
the
17th
century
to
describe
the
farther
regions
lying
toward
the
rising
sun
,
especially
Asia
.
increasingly
adverb
more
and
more
;
to
a
greater
and
greater
degree
over
time
β’
The
coastal
town
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
tourists
each
summer
.
The
coastal
town
has
become
increasingly
popular
with
tourists
each
summer
.
β’
Farmers
are
increasingly
turning
to
solar
power
to
run
their
equipment
.
Farmers
are
increasingly
turning
to
solar
power
to
run
their
equipment
.
formed
from
the
adjective
β
increasing
β (
growing
larger
or
greater
)
with
the
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
β,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
breast
noun
the
white
meat
from
the
front
part
of
a
bird
such
as
a
chicken
or
turkey
β’
She
ordered
a
grilled
chicken
breast
with
a
side
of
vegetables
.
She
ordered
a
grilled
chicken
breast
with
a
side
of
vegetables
.
β’
Slice
the
turkey
breast
thinly
for
sandwiches
.
Slice
the
turkey
breast
thinly
for
sandwiches
.
noun
either
of
the
two
soft
,
rounded
parts
on
a
woman
β
s
chest
that
produce
milk
to
feed
a
baby
β’
The
mother
held
her
baby
close
to
her
breast
to
feed
him
.
The
mother
held
her
baby
close
to
her
breast
to
feed
him
.
β’
Doctors
advise
women
to
examine
each
breast
regularly
to
notice
any
unusual
changes
.
Doctors
advise
women
to
examine
each
breast
regularly
to
notice
any
unusual
changes
.
Old
English
brΔost
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
borst
and
German
Brust
.
noun
the
front
part
of
a
person
β
s
or
animal
β
s
chest
β’
The
knight
β
s
armor
protected
his
breast
from
enemy
arrows
.
The
knight
β
s
armor
protected
his
breast
from
enemy
arrows
.
β’
The
robin
puffed
out
its
red
breast
while
singing
on
the
fence
.
The
robin
puffed
out
its
red
breast
while
singing
on
the
fence
.
verb
to
move
upward
and
over
something
so
that
your
chest
reaches
or
passes
its
highest
point
β’
The
exhausted
cyclist
finally
breasted
the
steep
hill
and
coasted
down
the
other
side
.
The
exhausted
cyclist
finally
breasted
the
steep
hill
and
coasted
down
the
other
side
.
β’
She
breasted
the
tape
first
and
won
the
100-meter
race
.
She
breasted
the
tape
first
and
won
the
100-meter
race
.
era
noun
a
distinct
period
of
history
or
life
that
is
marked
by
particular
events
,
developments
,
or
people
β’
The
invention
of
the
internet
marked
the
beginning
of
a
new
era
of
communication
.
The
invention
of
the
internet
marked
the
beginning
of
a
new
era
of
communication
.
β’
Many
people
feel
nostalgic
for
the
era
when
vinyl
records
were
popular
.
Many
people
feel
nostalgic
for
the
era
when
vinyl
records
were
popular
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
era
("
number
,
series
,
chronological
epoch
"),
first
used
in
English
in
the
17th
century
to
express
a
fixed
point
in
time
.
noun
in
geology
,
a
major
division
of
geological
time
that
is
longer
than
a
period
and
shorter
than
an
eon
β’
Dinosaurs
dominated
the
Earth
during
the
Mesozoic
era
.
Dinosaurs
dominated
the
Earth
during
the
Mesozoic
era
.
β’
The
Paleozoic
era
ended
with
a
massive
extinction
event
.
The
Paleozoic
era
ended
with
a
massive
extinction
event
.
Adopted
by
geologists
in
the
19th
century
to
categorize
vast
stretches
of
earth
β
s
history
.
purchase
noun
the
act
of
buying
something
,
or
something
that
has
been
bought
β’
Mom
β
s
latest
purchase
was
a
bright
red
bicycle
for
my
little
brother
.
Mom
β
s
latest
purchase
was
a
bright
red
bicycle
for
my
little
brother
.
β’
Sam
felt
proud
of
his
first
big
purchase
after
starting
his
new
job
:
a
used
car
in
excellent
condition
.
Sam
felt
proud
of
his
first
big
purchase
after
starting
his
new
job
:
a
used
car
in
excellent
condition
.
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
β
purchase
β,
literally
β
to
hunt
for
,
obtain
β,
from
β
pur
β (
for
)
+
β
chase
β (
hunt
).
verb
-
purchase
,
purchasing
,
purchases
,
purchased
to
buy
something
by
paying
money
for
it
β’
I
plan
to
purchase
a
new
laptop
during
the
holiday
discounts
.
I
plan
to
purchase
a
new
laptop
during
the
holiday
discounts
.
β’
Visitors
must
purchase
tickets
online
before
they
arrive
at
the
museum
.
Visitors
must
purchase
tickets
online
before
they
arrive
at
the
museum
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Anglo-French
β
purchase
β,
meaning
β
to
obtain
β
or
β
to
hunt
for
.β
noun
a
firm
hold
or
grip
that
gives
mechanical
advantage
when
moving
or
lifting
something
β’
The
climber
β
s
boot
slipped
,
and
he
lost
his
purchase
on
the
icy
ledge
.
The
climber
β
s
boot
slipped
,
and
he
lost
his
purchase
on
the
icy
ledge
.
β’
Using
a
thick
rope
gave
the
workers
better
purchase
when
hauling
the
crate
onto
the
truck
.
Using
a
thick
rope
gave
the
workers
better
purchase
when
hauling
the
crate
onto
the
truck
.
Early
use
extended
from
the
idea
of
β
gain
β
or
β
obtaining
β
to
the
sense
of
securing
a
firm
hold
for
leverage
.
pleasure
noun
-
pleasure
a
feeling
of
happiness
and
enjoyment
β’
Marco
smiled
with
pleasure
as
he
tasted
the
fresh
strawberries
he
had
just
picked
.
Marco
smiled
with
pleasure
as
he
tasted
the
fresh
strawberries
he
had
just
picked
.
β’
The
audience
clapped
in
pleasure
after
the
magician
β
s
final
trick
filled
the
stage
with
confetti
.
The
audience
clapped
in
pleasure
after
the
magician
β
s
final
trick
filled
the
stage
with
confetti
.
Middle
English
plesure
,
from
Old
French
plesir
β
to
please
,β
ultimately
from
Latin
placere
β
to
be
acceptable
,
please
.β
noun
-
pleasure
time
spent
doing
enjoyable
things
rather
than
work
or
duty
β’
After
finishing
his
report
,
David
went
for
a
walk
purely
for
pleasure
.
After
finishing
his
report
,
David
went
for
a
walk
purely
for
pleasure
.
β’
The
cruise
combines
business
and
pleasure
,
with
seminars
in
the
morning
and
sightseeing
in
the
afternoon
.
The
cruise
combines
business
and
pleasure
,
with
seminars
in
the
morning
and
sightseeing
in
the
afternoon
.
noun
an
activity
or
thing
that
makes
you
happy
β’
Meeting
you
has
been
a
pleasure
;
I
hope
we
work
together
again
.
Meeting
you
has
been
a
pleasure
;
I
hope
we
work
together
again
.
β’
One
of
his
greatest
pleasures
is
listening
to
jazz
records
on
Sunday
mornings
.
One
of
his
greatest
pleasures
is
listening
to
jazz
records
on
Sunday
mornings
.
verb
-
pleasure
,
pleasuring
,
pleasures
,
pleasured
to
make
someone
feel
happy
or
satisfied
β’
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
β’
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
contrast
noun
a
clear
or
obvious
difference
between
two
or
more
people
,
things
,
or
situations
when
they
are
compared
β’
There
was
a
sharp
contrast
between
the
bright
flowers
and
the
dark
,
stormy
sky
.
There
was
a
sharp
contrast
between
the
bright
flowers
and
the
dark
,
stormy
sky
.
β’
The
peaceful
village
offered
a
pleasant
contrast
to
the
noisy
city
streets
we
had
just
left
.
The
peaceful
village
offered
a
pleasant
contrast
to
the
noisy
city
streets
we
had
just
left
.
From
Latin
β
contrastare
β
meaning
β
to
stand
against
β.
verb
to
compare
two
or
more
things
in
order
to
show
their
differences
,
or
to
be
strikingly
different
from
something
nearby
β’
The
author
contrasts
the
hero
β
s
kindness
with
the
villain
β
s
cruelty
.
The
author
contrasts
the
hero
β
s
kindness
with
the
villain
β
s
cruelty
.
β’
The
bright
red
scarf
contrasts
sharply
with
her
black
coat
.
The
bright
red
scarf
contrasts
sharply
with
her
black
coat
.
From
Latin
β
contrastare
β,
literally
β
to
stand
against
β.
The
stress
shifted
in
English
to
mark
the
verb
form
.
noun
the
degree
of
difference
between
the
darkest
and
lightest
parts
of
an
image
,
screen
,
or
scan
β’
She
increased
the
photo
β
s
contrast
to
make
the
shadows
look
deeper
.
She
increased
the
photo
β
s
contrast
to
make
the
shadows
look
deeper
.
β’
The
doctor
raised
the
CT
scan
β
s
contrast
so
the
organs
would
appear
more
clearly
.
The
doctor
raised
the
CT
scan
β
s
contrast
so
the
organs
would
appear
more
clearly
.
Adopted
in
photography
and
imaging
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
general
sense
of
β
difference
β.
cast
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
throw
something
forcefully
through
the
air
β’
The
knight
cast
his
spear
across
the
moat
.
The
knight
cast
his
spear
across
the
moat
.
β’
During
the
board
game
,
Mia
cast
the
dice
onto
the
table
with
a
playful
grin
.
During
the
board
game
,
Mia
cast
the
dice
onto
the
table
with
a
playful
grin
.
Old
English
β
ceastan
β,
related
to
Old
Norse
β
kasta
β
meaning
β
to
throw
β.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
choose
the
actors
who
will
play
the
parts
in
a
movie
,
play
,
or
show
β’
The
director
cast
her
favorite
actor
as
the
main
hero
.
The
director
cast
her
favorite
actor
as
the
main
hero
.
β’
They
cast
the
musical
last
week
,
and
Julian
got
the
lead
role
.
They
cast
the
musical
last
week
,
and
Julian
got
the
lead
role
.
Meaning
β
assign
parts
to
actors
β
appeared
in
the
17th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
β
throwing
β
roles
onto
performers
.
noun
all
the
actors
in
a
play
,
movie
,
or
show
β’
The
entire
cast
took
a
bow
after
the
performance
.
The
entire
cast
took
a
bow
after
the
performance
.
β’
The
movie
β
s
cast
includes
several
famous
comedians
.
The
movie
β
s
cast
includes
several
famous
comedians
.
Sense
grew
from
β
people
assigned
to
roles
β
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
hard
protective
shell
,
usually
made
of
plaster
or
fiberglass
,
that
keeps
a
broken
bone
in
place
while
it
heals
β’
Jake
wore
a
bright
blue
cast
on
his
arm
for
six
weeks
.
Jake
wore
a
bright
blue
cast
on
his
arm
for
six
weeks
.
β’
The
doctor
removed
the
cast
to
check
how
the
bone
was
healing
.
The
doctor
removed
the
cast
to
check
how
the
bone
was
healing
.
Medical
sense
dates
from
the
18th
century
,
when
bandages
were
β
cast
β
around
limbs
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
shape
metal
,
plaster
,
or
other
liquid
material
by
pouring
it
into
a
mold
where
it
hardens
β’
The
sculptor
cast
the
bronze
statue
in
a
single
piece
.
The
sculptor
cast
the
bronze
statue
in
a
single
piece
.
β’
Workers
cast
iron
engine
blocks
every
morning
in
the
factory
.
Workers
cast
iron
engine
blocks
every
morning
in
the
factory
.
Industrial
sense
comes
from
the
15th-century
practice
of
β
casting
β
molten
metal
into
shapes
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
cause
light
,
shadow
,
or
a
look
to
appear
on
a
surface
β’
The
tall
trees
cast
long
shadows
over
the
path
.
The
tall
trees
cast
long
shadows
over
the
path
.
β’
Candlelight
cast
a
warm
glow
on
the
old
photographs
.
Candlelight
cast
a
warm
glow
on
the
old
photographs
.
From
the
sense
of
β
throwing
β
light
or
shadow
outward
.
verb
-
cast
,
casting
,
casts
to
throw
a
fishing
line
or
net
into
the
water
β’
He
cast
his
line
and
waited
for
a
bite
.
He
cast
his
line
and
waited
for
a
bite
.
β’
The
children
laughed
as
they
cast
tiny
nets
from
the
pier
.
The
children
laughed
as
they
cast
tiny
nets
from
the
pier
.
Fishing
sense
recorded
since
the
15th
century
,
based
on
β
throw
β.
noun
an
object
or
replica
made
by
pouring
a
liquid
material
into
a
mold
and
letting
it
harden
β’
The
museum
displayed
a
cast
of
the
dinosaur
footprint
.
The
museum
displayed
a
cast
of
the
dinosaur
footprint
.
β’
We
ordered
a
bronze
cast
of
the
company
logo
for
the
lobby
.
We
ordered
a
bronze
cast
of
the
company
logo
for
the
lobby
.
Object
sense
evolved
directly
from
the
verb
meaning
β
to
shape
by
casting
β.
basketball
noun
-
basketball
a
fast-moving
team
sport
in
which
two
teams
try
to
score
by
throwing
a
large
round
ball
through
a
high
hoop
with
a
net
β’
Every
Friday
after
school
,
Mia
and
her
friends
play
basketball
on
the
outdoor
court
.
Every
Friday
after
school
,
Mia
and
her
friends
play
basketball
on
the
outdoor
court
.
β’
The
Olympics
feature
basketball
games
that
millions
of
people
watch
around
the
world
.
The
Olympics
feature
basketball
games
that
millions
of
people
watch
around
the
world
.
coined
in
1891
by
James
Naismith
,
combining
the
words
β
basket
β
and
β
ball
β
to
describe
the
game
he
invented
using
peach
baskets
as
goals
noun
the
large
round
orange
ball
with
black
seams
that
players
use
in
the
game
of
basketball
β’
She
dribbled
the
new
basketball
across
the
court
before
taking
a
shot
.
She
dribbled
the
new
basketball
across
the
court
before
taking
a
shot
.
β’
The
old
basketball
lost
air
,
so
it
bounced
unevenly
during
practice
.
The
old
basketball
lost
air
,
so
it
bounced
unevenly
during
practice
.
named
after
the
sport
of
basketball
,
for
which
the
ball
was
specially
designed
in
the
late
19th
century
vast
adjective
-
vast
,
vaster
,
vastest
extremely
large
in
size
,
amount
,
or
extent
β’
The
Sahara
Desert
stretches
across
a
vast
area
of
northern
Africa
.
The
Sahara
Desert
stretches
across
a
vast
area
of
northern
Africa
.
β’
Astronomers
marvel
at
the
vast
number
of
stars
in
the
night
sky
.
Astronomers
marvel
at
the
vast
number
of
stars
in
the
night
sky
.
From
Latin
β
vastus
,β
meaning
empty
,
immense
,
or
desolate
,
which
later
came
to
describe
something
very
large
in
English
during
the
16th
century
.
taste
noun
the
flavour
that
you
notice
when
food
or
drink
is
in
your
mouth
β’
The
lemonade
has
a
bright
,
sweet
taste
.
The
lemonade
has
a
bright
,
sweet
taste
.
β’
A
dash
of
soy
sauce
improved
the
taste
of
the
fried
rice
.
A
dash
of
soy
sauce
improved
the
taste
of
the
fried
rice
.
From
Middle
English
tast
,
from
Old
French
tast
,
from
Latin
taxΔre
β
to
touch
,
handle
,
estimate
.β
noun
the
sense
that
lets
people
and
animals
know
what
something
is
like
when
it
is
in
their
mouth
β’
When
you
have
a
cold
,
your
taste
often
becomes
weaker
.
When
you
have
a
cold
,
your
taste
often
becomes
weaker
.
β’
Babies
develop
their
sense
of
taste
before
they
are
born
.
Babies
develop
their
sense
of
taste
before
they
are
born
.
verb
-
taste
,
tasting
,
tastes
,
tasted
to
have
a
particular
flavour
β’
This
soup
tastes
too
salty
.
This
soup
tastes
too
salty
.
β’
The
fruit
tastes
sweeter
when
it
is
fully
ripe
.
The
fruit
tastes
sweeter
when
it
is
fully
ripe
.
verb
-
taste
,
tasting
,
tastes
,
tasted
to
put
a
small
amount
of
food
or
drink
in
your
mouth
to
find
out
what
it
is
like
β’
She
tasted
the
sauce
to
see
if
it
needed
more
pepper
.
She
tasted
the
sauce
to
see
if
it
needed
more
pepper
.
β’
Please
taste
this
tea
and
tell
me
if
it
is
too
strong
.
Please
taste
this
tea
and
tell
me
if
it
is
too
strong
.
noun
the
ability
to
choose
and
enjoy
things
of
good
quality
or
style
β’
She
has
excellent
taste
in
music
and
always
finds
new
bands
before
they
are
famous
.
She
has
excellent
taste
in
music
and
always
finds
new
bands
before
they
are
famous
.
β’
His
choice
of
a
simple
black
suit
showed
good
taste
at
the
formal
event
.
His
choice
of
a
simple
black
suit
showed
good
taste
at
the
formal
event
.
noun
a
small
amount
or
sample
of
something
,
especially
food
,
drink
,
or
an
experience
β’
Would
you
like
a
taste
of
the
new
chocolate
cake
?
Would
you
like
a
taste
of
the
new
chocolate
cake
?
β’
The
trip
gave
her
a
taste
of
life
in
the
countryside
.
The
trip
gave
her
a
taste
of
life
in
the
countryside
.
verb
-
taste
,
tasting
,
tastes
,
tasted
to
experience
something
briefly
,
often
for
the
first
time
β’
After
years
of
training
,
she
finally
tasted
victory
.
After
years
of
training
,
she
finally
tasted
victory
.
β’
The
young
author
tasted
fame
when
his
first
book
topped
the
charts
.
The
young
author
tasted
fame
when
his
first
book
topped
the
charts
.
agenda
noun
a
written
or
printed
list
of
topics
or
things
to
be
done
and
discussed
at
a
meeting
or
event
,
arranged
in
the
order
you
will
deal
with
them
β’
Before
the
meeting
,
Rosa
printed
the
agenda
and
handed
a
copy
to
each
colleague
.
Before
the
meeting
,
Rosa
printed
the
agenda
and
handed
a
copy
to
each
colleague
.
β’
The
chairperson
moved
quickly
through
the
agenda
to
finish
before
lunch
.
The
chairperson
moved
quickly
through
the
agenda
to
finish
before
lunch
.
From
Latin
agenda
,
neuter
plural
of
agendum
β
things
to
be
done
β,
from
agere
β
to
do
,
act
β.
noun
a
set
of
goals
or
plans
,
especially
a
hidden
or
personal
reason
for
doing
something
β’
Some
critics
believe
the
senator
has
a
hidden
agenda
behind
the
new
law
.
Some
critics
believe
the
senator
has
a
hidden
agenda
behind
the
new
law
.
β’
Tom
β
s
only
agenda
is
to
make
sure
the
project
succeeds
.
Tom
β
s
only
agenda
is
to
make
sure
the
project
succeeds
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
idea
of
a
meeting
list
to
mean
the
underlying
list
of
personal
motives
a
person
carries
.
disaster
noun
a
sudden
event
like
an
accident
,
storm
,
or
earthquake
that
causes
a
lot
of
damage
,
injury
,
or
death
β’
Disaster
struck
when
the
river
burst
its
banks
and
flooded
the
village
.
Disaster
struck
when
the
river
burst
its
banks
and
flooded
the
village
.
β’
The
earthquake
was
the
worst
disaster
the
region
had
seen
in
decades
.
The
earthquake
was
the
worst
disaster
the
region
had
seen
in
decades
.
From
Italian
disastro
,
from
Latin
dis-
β
bad
β
+
astrum
β
star
,β
originally
referring
to
an
ill-starred
event
.
noun
something
that
fails
very
badly
or
goes
completely
wrong
β’
My
cake
turned
out
to
be
a
total
disaster
;
it
collapsed
in
the
oven
.
My
cake
turned
out
to
be
a
total
disaster
;
it
collapsed
in
the
oven
.
β’
The
new
computer
system
launch
was
a
disaster
,
so
the
company
cancelled
it
.
The
new
computer
system
launch
was
a
disaster
,
so
the
company
cancelled
it
.
fashion
noun
the
popular
style
of
clothing
,
hair
,
or
accessories
that
is
liked
and
followed
at
a
particular
time
β’
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
β’
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
Middle
English
fasoun
,
from
Old
French
faΓ§on
β
appearance
,
manner
β,
from
Latin
factura
β
a
making
β,
from
facere
β
to
make
β.
noun
a
particular
way
or
manner
of
doing
or
saying
something
β’
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
β’
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
verb
-
fashion
,
fashioning
,
fashions
,
fashioned
to
make
or
shape
something
,
especially
with
the
hands
or
with
careful
effort
β’
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
β’
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
increased
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
past
tense
and
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
β
increase
,β
meaning
that
something
became
greater
in
number
,
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
β’
Sales
increased
after
the
new
commercial
aired
.
Sales
increased
after
the
new
commercial
aired
.
β’
The
river
β
s
water
level
increased
overnight
because
of
heavy
rain
.
The
river
β
s
water
level
increased
overnight
because
of
heavy
rain
.
adjective
greater
in
amount
,
size
,
or
level
than
before
β’
We
have
to
cover
the
increased
costs
of
materials
.
We
have
to
cover
the
increased
costs
of
materials
.
β’
After
the
storm
,
there
was
an
increased
risk
of
flooding
.
After
the
storm
,
there
was
an
increased
risk
of
flooding
.
mass
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
amount
of
material
,
or
a
lump
without
a
clear
shape
β’
A
dark
mass
of
clouds
gathered
over
the
mountains
.
A
dark
mass
of
clouds
gathered
over
the
mountains
.
β’
The
kitten
batted
at
the
soft
mass
of
yarn
on
the
floor
.
The
kitten
batted
at
the
soft
mass
of
yarn
on
the
floor
.
From
Latin
massa
β
kneaded
dough
,
lump
β,
via
Old
French
masse
.
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
amount
,
pile
,
or
crowd
of
things
or
people
that
looks
like
one
big
lump
β’
A
mass
of
dark
clouds
gathered
over
the
city
,
blocking
the
afternoon
sun
.
A
mass
of
dark
clouds
gathered
over
the
city
,
blocking
the
afternoon
sun
.
β’
The
children
formed
a
mass
of
tangled
arms
and
legs
on
the
playground
slide
.
The
children
formed
a
mass
of
tangled
arms
and
legs
on
the
playground
slide
.
From
Latin
massa
β
dough
,
lump
,β
later
β
bulk
,
quantity
.β
adjective
affecting
,
produced
for
,
or
involving
a
very
large
number
of
people
β’
The
new
factory
allowed
mass
production
of
affordable
bicycles
.
The
new
factory
allowed
mass
production
of
affordable
bicycles
.
β’
Advertisers
used
social
media
for
a
mass
campaign
.
Advertisers
used
social
media
for
a
mass
campaign
.
Adjectival
use
grew
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
noun
sense
of
a
large
crowd
.
noun
-
mass
,
masses
in
physics
,
the
amount
of
matter
in
an
object
,
usually
measured
in
kilograms
β’
The
Moon
β
s
mass
is
only
about
one-eighth
of
Earth
β
s
.
The
Moon
β
s
mass
is
only
about
one-eighth
of
Earth
β
s
.
β’
To
calculate
force
,
multiply
an
object
β
s
mass
by
its
acceleration
.
To
calculate
force
,
multiply
an
object
β
s
mass
by
its
acceleration
.
Adopted
by
scientists
in
the
17th
century
to
name
the
measurable
property
of
matter
.
adjective
relating
to
or
involving
a
large
number
of
people
or
things
at
the
same
time
β’
The
government
launched
a
mass
vaccination
program
.
The
government
launched
a
mass
vaccination
program
.
β’
They
organized
a
mass
wedding
for
fifty
couples
at
the
stadium
.
They
organized
a
mass
wedding
for
fifty
couples
at
the
stadium
.
Adjective
use
grew
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
noun
sense
β
large
group
β.
noun
-
mass
in
physics
,
the
amount
of
matter
something
contains
,
measured
in
units
like
kilograms
β’
The
Earth
β
s
mass
is
so
great
that
it
pulls
the
Moon
into
orbit
.
The
Earth
β
s
mass
is
so
great
that
it
pulls
the
Moon
into
orbit
.
β’
A
suitcase
with
more
mass
is
harder
to
lift
even
on
the
Moon
.
A
suitcase
with
more
mass
is
harder
to
lift
even
on
the
Moon
.
Borrowed
into
scientific
use
in
the
17th
century
to
translate
Latin
massa
into
the
language
of
physics
.
verb
-
mass
,
massing
,
masses
,
massed
to
gather
together
in
a
large
group
,
or
to
make
things
gather
together
β’
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
β’
Dark
clouds
massed
over
the
mountains
,
warning
of
a
storm
.
Dark
clouds
massed
over
the
mountains
,
warning
of
a
storm
.
Verb
sense
appears
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
β
to
form
into
a
mass
.β
noun
-
mass
,
masses
a
large
number
of
ordinary
people
considered
together
as
one
group
β’
Cheap
smartphones
have
brought
the
internet
to
the
mass
.
Cheap
smartphones
have
brought
the
internet
to
the
mass
.
β’
The
new
policy
was
designed
to
appeal
to
the
mass
rather
than
to
experts
.
The
new
policy
was
designed
to
appeal
to
the
mass
rather
than
to
experts
.
Sense
extended
from
β
large
amount
β
to
β
large
group
of
people
β
in
the
19th
century
.
verb
-
mass
,
massing
,
masses
,
massed
to
come
together
or
gather
into
a
large
group
or
lump
β’
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
Protesters
began
to
mass
outside
the
parliament
building
at
dawn
.
β’
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Snow
clouds
massed
over
the
valley
,
hinting
at
a
storm
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
16th
century
,
from
the
noun
meaning
β
lump
β.
Mass
noun
-
Mass
,
Masses
the
main
Christian
worship
service
,
especially
in
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
β’
The
bells
rang
to
call
everyone
to
Mass
on
Sunday
morning
.
The
bells
rang
to
call
everyone
to
Mass
on
Sunday
morning
.
β’
She
lit
a
candle
after
Mass
and
stayed
to
pray
quietly
.
She
lit
a
candle
after
Mass
and
stayed
to
pray
quietly
.
From
Latin
missa
β
dismissal
,β
later
the
name
of
the
Eucharistic
service
.
noun
-
Mass
a
Christian
church
service
,
especially
in
the
Roman
Catholic
tradition
,
that
includes
Holy
Communion
β’
They
go
to
Mass
every
Sunday
morning
.
They
go
to
Mass
every
Sunday
morning
.
β’
The
wedding
Mass
lasted
nearly
an
hour
.
The
wedding
Mass
lasted
nearly
an
hour
.
From
Latin
missa
,
meaning
β
dismissal
,β
referring
to
the
closing
words
of
the
service
.
waste
verb
-
waste
,
wasting
,
wastes
,
wasted
to
use
time
,
money
,
energy
,
or
other
resources
in
a
careless
or
unnecessary
way
β’
Don
β
t
waste
water
while
brushing
your
teeth
.
Don
β
t
waste
water
while
brushing
your
teeth
.
β’
He
wasted
half
the
afternoon
playing
video
games
.
He
wasted
half
the
afternoon
playing
video
games
.
noun
-
waste
things
that
are
not
wanted
or
needed
and
are
thrown
away
β’
Please
put
your
waste
in
the
recycling
bin
.
Please
put
your
waste
in
the
recycling
bin
.
β’
Factories
must
find
safer
ways
to
dispose
of
chemical
waste
.
Factories
must
find
safer
ways
to
dispose
of
chemical
waste
.
From
Old
Northern
French
wast
,
from
Latin
vastus
β
empty
,
desolate
.β
verb
-
waste
,
wasting
,
wastes
,
wasted
to
use
time
,
money
,
or
resources
carelessly
so
that
they
are
not
useful
β’
Don
β
t
waste
your
money
on
things
you
don
β
t
need
.
Don
β
t
waste
your
money
on
things
you
don
β
t
need
.
β’
He
wasted
half
the
afternoon
playing
video
games
.
He
wasted
half
the
afternoon
playing
video
games
.
From
Old
Northern
French
waster
,
from
Latin
vastare
β
to
lay
waste
,
destroy
.β
noun
things
that
people
do
not
want
or
need
and
throw
away
such
as
garbage
,
scrap
,
or
unwanted
chemicals
β’
Please
put
your
waste
in
the
recycling
bin
.
Please
put
your
waste
in
the
recycling
bin
.
β’
Factories
must
treat
their
chemical
waste
before
releasing
water
.
Factories
must
treat
their
chemical
waste
before
releasing
water
.
From
Old
French
β
waste
β,
from
Latin
β
vastum
β
meaning
empty
or
deserted
.
noun
an
unnecessary
or
careless
use
of
something
valuable
such
as
time
,
money
,
or
energy
β’
Leaving
the
lights
on
all
day
is
a
waste
of
electricity
.
Leaving
the
lights
on
all
day
is
a
waste
of
electricity
.
β’
What
a
waste
of
perfectly
good
food
!
What
a
waste
of
perfectly
good
food
!
noun
a
large
area
of
land
that
is
empty
,
dry
,
or
cannot
be
used
for
farming
β’
Explorers
crossed
the
frozen
waste
of
the
Arctic
.
Explorers
crossed
the
frozen
waste
of
the
Arctic
.
β’
Nothing
grows
in
that
sandy
waste
beyond
the
river
.
Nothing
grows
in
that
sandy
waste
beyond
the
river
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
β
emptiness
β
in
Latin
vastus
.
adjective
remaining
and
unwanted
after
something
has
been
used
β’
The
factory
treats
waste
water
before
releasing
it
into
the
river
.
The
factory
treats
waste
water
before
releasing
it
into
the
river
.
β’
Scientists
are
finding
new
uses
for
waste
heat
from
power
plants
.
Scientists
are
finding
new
uses
for
waste
heat
from
power
plants
.
Adjective
use
arose
to
qualify
materials
seen
as
refuse
or
by-products
.
noun
solid
or
liquid
material
that
the
body
no
longer
needs
and
passes
out
,
such
as
urine
or
feces
β’
The
kidneys
filter
blood
and
remove
liquid
waste
.
The
kidneys
filter
blood
and
remove
liquid
waste
.
β’
Proper
hygiene
helps
prevent
illness
caused
by
human
waste
.
Proper
hygiene
helps
prevent
illness
caused
by
human
waste
.
noun
a
large
empty
or
barren
area
where
very
few
plants
grow
or
people
live
β’
After
the
fire
,
the
valley
was
a
black
waste
.
After
the
fire
,
the
valley
was
a
black
waste
.
β’
Explorers
crossed
the
frozen
wastes
of
the
Arctic
.
Explorers
crossed
the
frozen
wastes
of
the
Arctic
.
verb
-
waste
,
wasting
,
wastes
,
wasted
to
gradually
become
thinner
and
weaker
,
usually
because
of
illness
or
lack
of
food
β’
The
sick
man
began
to
waste away
after
weeks
without
proper
nutrition
.
The
sick
man
began
to
waste away
after
weeks
without
proper
nutrition
.
β’
If
the
crops
fail
again
,
many
people
will
waste away
from
hunger
.
If
the
crops
fail
again
,
many
people
will
waste away
from
hunger
.
Extension
of
the
sense
β
destroy
β
to
β
destroy
one
β
s
own
strength
.β
waste away
verb
-
waste
away
,
wasting
away
,
wastes
away
,
wasted
away
to
gradually
become
thinner
and
weaker
because
of
illness
or
not
eating
enough
β’
My
grandfather
began
to
waste
away
during
his
long
illness
.
My
grandfather
began
to
waste away
during
his
long
illness
.
β’
Without
proper
food
,
prisoners
could
waste
away
.
Without
proper
food
,
prisoners
could
waste away
.
reasonable
adjective
sensible
and
fair
;
using
good
judgment
β’
It
is
reasonable
to
wear
a
coat
in
cold
weather
.
It
is
reasonable
to
wear
a
coat
in
cold
weather
.
β’
The
teacher
made
a
reasonable
request
for
the
students
to
arrive
on
time
.
The
teacher
made
a
reasonable
request
for
the
students
to
arrive
on
time
.
adjective
not
too
high
,
extreme
,
or
large
in
amount
;
moderate
β’
The
store
sells
good
shoes
at
reasonable
prices
.
The
store
sells
good
shoes
at
reasonable
prices
.
β’
We
found
a
hotel
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
beach
.
We
found
a
hotel
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
beach
.
adjective
fairly
good
and
acceptable
,
though
not
perfect
β’
His
French
is
reasonable
for
someone
who
started
last
year
.
His
French
is
reasonable
for
someone
who
started
last
year
.
β’
The
car
is
old
but
still
in
reasonable
condition
.
The
car
is
old
but
still
in
reasonable
condition
.
passion
noun
a
very
strong
feeling
of
enthusiasm
or
love
for
an
activity
,
idea
,
or
goal
β’
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
β’
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
passion
,
from
Latin
passio
β
suffering
,
emotion
β,
from
patΔ«
β
to
suffer
β.
noun
a
strong
,
often
overwhelming
feeling
of
romantic
or
sexual
desire
β’
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
β’
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
meaning
shifted
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
to
include
strong
romantic
desire
.
Passion
noun
-
Passion
(
the
Passion
)
the
suffering
and
death
of
Jesus
Christ
before
and
during
the
crucifixion
β’
During
Easter
,
many
churches
stage
plays
about
the
Passion
to
help
believers
reflect
on
Jesus
β
s
sacrifice
.
During
Easter
,
many
churches
stage
plays
about
the
Passion
to
help
believers
reflect
on
Jesus
β
s
sacrifice
.
β’
Artists
throughout
history
have
painted
scenes
of
the
Passion
in
vivid
detail
.
Artists
throughout
history
have
painted
scenes
of
the
Passion
in
vivid
detail
.
From
Latin
passio
β
suffering
β,
adopted
into
Church
Latin
to
describe
Christ
β
s
ordeal
.
breakfast
noun
the
first
meal
of
the
day
,
usually
eaten
in
the
morning
β’
We
had
a
big
breakfast
of
pancakes
and
fruit
before
hiking
.
We
had
a
big
breakfast
of
pancakes
and
fruit
before
hiking
.
β’
She
never
skips
breakfast
,
even
on
busy
weekdays
.
She
never
skips
breakfast
,
even
on
busy
weekdays
.
From
Middle
English
β
brekfast
β,
literally
β
breaking
the
fast
β
after
a
night
β
s
sleep
.
verb
to
eat
breakfast
β’
On
Sundays
,
they
love
to
breakfast
on
the
balcony
.
On
Sundays
,
they
love
to
breakfast
on
the
balcony
.
β’
The
hikers
breakfasted
early
to
start
before
sunrise
.
The
hikers
breakfasted
early
to
start
before
sunrise
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
β
breakfast
β,
attested
since
the
15th
century
.
teaspoon
noun
a
very
small
spoon
used
for
stirring
tea
or
coffee
or
for
eating
soft
foods
like
yogurt
or
pudding
β’
She
stirred
her
coffee
with
a
small
silver
teaspoon
.
She
stirred
her
coffee
with
a
small
silver
teaspoon
.
β’
The
cafΓ©
placed
a
shiny
teaspoon
beside
every
teacup
.
The
cafΓ©
placed
a
shiny
teaspoon
beside
every
teacup
.
formed
from
tea
+
spoon
in
the
17th
century
,
when
drinking
tea
became
popular
in
Europe
noun
a
unit
for
measuring
volume
in
cooking
,
equal
to
about
5
milliliters
β’
Add
one
teaspoon
of
salt
to
the
soup
.
Add
one
teaspoon
of
salt
to
the
soup
.
β’
The
recipe
calls
for
three
teaspoons
of
sugar
.
The
recipe
calls
for
three
teaspoons
of
sugar
.
the
utensil
β
s
capacity
became
a
convenient
standard
measure
in
18th-century
cookbooks
,
later
fixed
at
about
5
ml
phase
noun
a
distinct
stage
in
a
process
of
change
,
growth
,
or
development
β’
The
project
is
entering
its
final
phase
next
month
.
The
project
is
entering
its
final
phase
next
month
.
β’
Toddlers
often
go
through
a
picky-eating
phase
that
worries
parents
.
Toddlers
often
go
through
a
picky-eating
phase
that
worries
parents
.
noun
the
visible
shape
of
the
illuminated
part
of
the
moon
or
a
planet
as
it
is
seen
from
Earth
β’
During
the
full-moon
phase
,
the
night
sky
looked
bright
enough
to
read
outside
.
During
the
full-moon
phase
,
the
night
sky
looked
bright
enough
to
read
outside
.
β’
The
moon
will
reach
its
crescent
phase
tomorrow
evening
.
The
moon
will
reach
its
crescent
phase
tomorrow
evening
.
noun
the
particular
point
in
the
cycle
of
a
wave
,
or
the
timing
relationship
between
two
repeating
waves
β’
If
the
two
speakers
are
out of phase
,
the
sound
will
cancel
out
.
If
the
two
speakers
are
out of phase
,
the
sound
will
cancel
out
.
β’
The
technician
adjusted
the
oscillator
β
s
phase
to
match
the
reference
signal
.
The
technician
adjusted
the
oscillator
β
s
phase
to
match
the
reference
signal
.
noun
a
physically
distinct
form
or
state
in
which
matter
can
exist
,
such
as
solid
,
liquid
,
or
gas
β’
Water
changes
phase
from
liquid
to
gas
at
100
Β°C
.
Water
changes
phase
from
liquid
to
gas
at
100
Β°C
.
β’
Dry
ice
skips
the
liquid
phase
and
turns
directly
into
vapor
.
Dry
ice
skips
the
liquid
phase
and
turns
directly
into
vapor
.
verb
-
phase
,
phasing
,
phases
,
phased
to
introduce
,
remove
,
or
carry
out
something
gradually
in
separate
stages
β’
The
city
plans
to
phase out
old
buses
over
the
next
five
years
.
The
city
plans
to
phase out
old
buses
over
the
next
five
years
.
β’
The
school
will
phase in
the
new
curriculum
starting
this
fall
.
The
school
will
phase in
the
new
curriculum
starting
this
fall
.
wash
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
to
clean
something
or
yourself
with
water
,
usually
with
soap
β’
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
β’
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
Old
English
β
wæscan
β,
related
to
German
β
waschen
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
β
to
clean
with
water
β.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
clothes
or
other
items
that
need
to
be
,
are
being
,
or
have
just
been
cleaned
with
water
β’
I
hung
the
wash
on
the
line
to
dry
.
I
hung
the
wash
on
the
line
to
dry
.
β’
The
machine
finished
a
quick
wash
in
thirty
minutes
.
The
machine
finished
a
quick
wash
in
thirty
minutes
.
Developed
from
the
verb
meaning
to
clean
;
recorded
as
a
noun
for
clothes
from
the
late
17th
century
.
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
(
of
water
)
to
flow
over
or
against
something
β’
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
β’
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
the
cleaning
sense
,
extended
metaphorically
to
moving
water
.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
a
thin
,
watery
layer
of
paint
or
ink
used
to
give
a
light
shade
of
color
β’
The
artist
applied
a
blue
wash
over
the
sky
area
of
the
canvas
.
The
artist
applied
a
blue
wash
over
the
sky
area
of
the
canvas
.
β’
A
sepia
wash
can
give
drawings
an
antique
look
.
A
sepia
wash
can
give
drawings
an
antique
look
.
Borrowed
into
art
vocabulary
in
the
17th
century
,
likening
the
diluted
paint
to
water
used
for
washing
.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
(
informal
)
a
situation
in
which
the
gains
and
losses
balance
so
that
the
final
effect
is
zero
β’
The
extra
cost
was
offset
by
the
discount
,
so
it
was
basically
a
wash
.
The
extra
cost
was
offset
by
the
discount
,
so
it
was
basically
a
wash
.
β’
My
winnings
covered
my
losses
at
the
casino
,
making
the
night
a
wash
.
My
winnings
covered
my
losses
at
the
casino
,
making
the
night
a
wash
.
American
English
,
mid-20th
century
,
from
bookkeeping
slang
where
equal
debits
and
credits
β
wash
out
β.
passenger
noun
a
person
who
is
travelling
in
a
car
,
bus
,
train
,
plane
,
or
boat
but
is
not
driving
or
operating
it
β’
A
passenger
sat
by
the
train
window
,
watching
snowy
fields
rush
by
.
A
passenger
sat
by
the
train
window
,
watching
snowy
fields
rush
by
.
β’
The
bus
driver
reminded
every
passenger
to
fasten
their
seat
belt
before
departing
.
The
bus
driver
reminded
every
passenger
to
fasten
their
seat
belt
before
departing
.
From
Anglo-Norman
passager
,
from
Old
French
passager
β
traveller
,
passer-by
β,
based
on
passer
β
to
pass
β.
noun
informal
:
someone
in
a
team
or
group
who
lets
others
do
the
work
and
makes
little
or
no
contribution
β’
The
coach
warned
that
any
passenger
on
the
team
would
be
benched
.
The
coach
warned
that
any
passenger
on
the
team
would
be
benched
.
β’
We
can't
afford
a
passenger
on
this
project
;
everyone
has
to
pitch
in
.
We
can't
afford
a
passenger
on
this
project
;
everyone
has
to
pitch
in
.
passage
noun
a
long
,
narrow
way
inside
or
between
buildings
that
people
can
walk
through
β’
We
walked
down
a
dark
passage
to
reach
the
kitchen
.
We
walked
down
a
dark
passage
to
reach
the
kitchen
.
β’
The
hotel
rooms
are
connected
by
a
long
carpeted
passage
.
The
hotel
rooms
are
connected
by
a
long
carpeted
passage
.
noun
a
short
part
taken
from
a
book
,
speech
,
or
piece
of
music
β’
The
teacher
asked
us
to
read
a
passage
from
the
novel
aloud
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
read
a
passage
from
the
novel
aloud
.
β’
She
highlighted
her
favorite
passage
in
the
article
.
She
highlighted
her
favorite
passage
in
the
article
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
travelling
from
one
place
to
another
,
or
the
right
to
travel
through
a
place
β’
The
ferry
provides
passage
across
the
river
every
hour
.
The
ferry
provides
passage
across
the
river
every
hour
.
β’
Migrating
birds
find
safe
passage
over
the
mountains
in
spring
.
Migrating
birds
find
safe
passage
over
the
mountains
in
spring
.
noun
the
steady
movement
of
time
from
one
point
to
another
β’
With
the
passage
of
time
,
old
wounds
healed
.
With
the
passage
of
time
,
old
wounds
healed
.
β’
The
monument
has
darkened
over
the
passage
of
decades
.
The
monument
has
darkened
over
the
passage
of
decades
.
noun
a
natural
tube
or
channel
in
the
body
through
which
air
,
liquid
,
or
other
substances
move
β’
Food
moves
from
the
mouth
through
the
digestive
passage
to
the
stomach
.
Food
moves
from
the
mouth
through
the
digestive
passage
to
the
stomach
.
β’
The
doctor
said
her
nasal
passage
was
blocked
by
swelling
.
The
doctor
said
her
nasal
passage
was
blocked
by
swelling
.
emphasize
verb
-
emphasize
,
emphasizing
,
emphasizes
,
emphasized
to
say
or
show
that
something
is
especially
important
so
people
notice
it
β’
The
teacher
emphasized
the
need
to
finish
the
project
on
time
.
The
teacher
emphasized
the
need
to
finish
the
project
on
time
.
β’
During
the
meeting
,
the
manager
emphasized
that
safety
comes
first
.
During
the
meeting
,
the
manager
emphasized
that
safety
comes
first
.
From
Greek
"
emphasis
"
meaning
β
appearance
,
showing
β
via
Latin
β
emphasis
β
+
English
verb
suffix
β
-ize
β.
verb
-
emphasize
,
emphasizing
,
emphasizes
,
emphasized
to
make
something
stand
out
or
look
more
noticeable
β’
She
wore
a
bright
scarf
to
emphasize
her
outfit
.
She
wore
a
bright
scarf
to
emphasize
her
outfit
.
β’
Soft
lighting
can
emphasize
the
texture
of
a
painting
.
Soft
lighting
can
emphasize
the
texture
of
a
painting
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Greek
"
emphainΕ
"
meaning
β
to
show
β.
emphasise
verb
-
emphasise
,
emphasising
,
emphasises
,
emphasised
to
say
or
show
that
something
is
especially
important
so
people
notice
it
β’
The
professor
emphasised
the
key
points
before
the
exam
.
The
professor
emphasised
the
key
points
before
the
exam
.
β’
Campaign
posters
emphasise
the
importance
of
recycling
.
Campaign
posters
emphasise
the
importance
of
recycling
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
British
spelling
adopted
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
emphasise
,
emphasising
,
emphasises
,
emphasised
to
make
something
stand
out
or
look
more
noticeable
β’
Spotlights
emphasise
the
actor
on
stage
.
Spotlights
emphasise
the
actor
on
stage
.
β’
A
thin
frame
can
emphasise
a
painting
without
distracting
from
it
.
A
thin
frame
can
emphasise
a
painting
without
distracting
from
it
.
See
Sense
2
etymology
for
US
variant
;
same
historical
root
with
British
spelling
.
grass
noun
-
grass
,
grasses
A
low
green
plant
with
thin
leaves
that
grows
close
together
and
covers
the
ground
in
fields
,
lawns
,
and
parks
.
β’
The
children
ran
barefoot
across
the
soft
grass
.
The
children
ran
barefoot
across
the
soft
grass
.
β’
Every
Saturday
morning
,
he
mows
the
grass
in
his
yard
.
Every
Saturday
morning
,
he
mows
the
grass
in
his
yard
.
Old
English
"
græs
"
or
"
gers
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*grasam
,
meaning
"
herb
,
plant
".
noun
-
grass
,
grasses
Informal
:
a
person
who
secretly
gives
information
to
the
police
about
someone
else
β
s
wrongdoing
.
β’
The
gang
was
furious
when
they
discovered
the
grass
in
their
midst
.
The
gang
was
furious
when
they
discovered
the
grass
in
their
midst
.
β’
No
one
trusts
a
grass
on
the
estate
.
No
one
trusts
a
grass
on
the
estate
.
British
criminal
slang
from
the
late
19th
century
;
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
Romani
"
grΔs
"
meaning
"
fear
"
or
from
"
grasshopper
" (
rhyming
slang
for
"
copper
").
noun
-
grass
Slang
for
marijuana
.
β’
He
was
arrested
for
carrying
grass
in
his
backpack
.
He
was
arrested
for
carrying
grass
in
his
backpack
.
β’
They
sat
on
the
balcony
and
smoked
some
grass
while
watching
the
sunset
.
They
sat
on
the
balcony
and
smoked
some
grass
while
watching
the
sunset
.
Slang
sense
recorded
from
the
1930s
in
the
United
States
,
likely
deriving
from
the
idea
of
dried
plant
matter
resembling
ordinary
grass
.
verb
-
grass
,
grassing
,
grasses
,
grassed
Informal
:
to
inform
the
police
about
someone
β
s
crime
or
wrongdoing
.
β’
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
Tom
grassed
on
his
accomplices
after
he
was
caught
.
β’
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
She
would
never
grass
her
friends
,
no
matter
the
pressure
.
Verb
use
derives
from
the
noun
β
grass
β
meaning
informer
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th-century
British
slang
.
mama
noun
one
β
s
mother
,
used
especially
by
young
children
or
as
an
affectionate
form
of
address
β’
After
school
,
Liam
ran
straight
into
his
mama's
arms
.
After
school
,
Liam
ran
straight
into
his
mama's
arms
.
β’
β
Good
night
,
mama
.
I
love
you
,β
whispered
Zoe
before
turning
off
the
lamp
.
β
Good
night
,
mama
.
I
love
you
,β
whispered
Zoe
before
turning
off
the
lamp
.
From
baby
talk
reduplication
of
ma
,
an
early
vocal
sound
made
by
infants
,
recorded
in
many
languages
for
β
mother
β.
noun
(
slang
)
an
attractive
or
stylish
woman
β’
β
Check
out
that
mama
in
the
red
dress
β
she
owns
the
room
,β
said
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
β
Check
out
that
mama
in
the
red
dress
β
she
owns
the
room
,β
said
Carlos
to
his
friend
.
β’
The
song
praises
a
β
hot
mama
β
who
knows
how
to
dance
.
The
song
praises
a
β
hot
mama
β
who
knows
how
to
dance
.
criteria
noun
(
informal
,
non-standard
)
a
single
standard
or
rule
used
to
judge
or
decide
something
β’
The
main
criteria
for
my
decision
is
the
school
β
s
location
.
The
main
criteria
for
my
decision
is
the
school
β
s
location
.
β’
Cost
is
the
only
criteria
I
β
m
looking
at
right
now
.
Cost
is
the
only
criteria
I
β
m
looking
at
right
now
.
From
the
plural
form
of
β
criterion
β;
increasingly
used
as
a
singular
in
informal
speech
since
the
late
20th
century
.
Assumption
noun
-
Assumption
In
Roman
Catholic
belief
,
the
taking
of
the
Virgin
Mary
bodily
into
heaven
,
celebrated
on
15
August
.
β’
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
β’
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
Latin
assumptiΕ
β
a
taking
up
β;
the
religious
sense
dates
from
the
Middle
Ages
.
phrase
noun
a
small
group
of
words
that
works
as
a
unit
inside
a
sentence
but
does
not
have
both
a
subject
and
a
verb
β’
In
the
sentence
β
The
quick
brown
fox
jumps
over
the
lazy
dog
,β
the
phrase
β
quick
brown
fox
β
describes
the
animal
.
In
the
sentence
β
The
quick
brown
fox
jumps
over
the
lazy
dog
,β
the
phrase
β
quick
brown
fox
β
describes
the
animal
.
β’
Our
tutor
asked
us
to
underline
every
prepositional
phrase
in
the
paragraph
.
Our
tutor
asked
us
to
underline
every
prepositional
phrase
in
the
paragraph
.
from
Greek
β
phrasis
β
meaning
β
speech
,
way
of
speaking
,β
via
Latin
β
phrasis
β
and
French
β
phrase
β
noun
a
short
well-known
group
of
words
that
people
often
use
together
to
express
a
particular
idea
β’
My
grandfather
always
says
the
phrase
β
better
late
than
never
.β
My
grandfather
always
says
the
phrase
β
better
late
than
never
.β
β’
I
learned
a
useful
English
phrase
for
thanking
someone
politely
.
I
learned
a
useful
English
phrase
for
thanking
someone
politely
.
noun
a
short
section
of
music
that
sounds
complete
on
its
own
β’
The
violin
repeated
the
opening
phrase
softly
.
The
violin
repeated
the
opening
phrase
softly
.
β’
The
first
four
bars
form
a
melodic
phrase
that
returns
later
in
the
piece
.
The
first
four
bars
form
a
melodic
phrase
that
returns
later
in
the
piece
.
verb
-
phrase
,
phrasing
,
phrases
,
phrased
to
express
something
using
particular
words
β’
Try
to
phrase
your
question
more
clearly
.
Try
to
phrase
your
question
more
clearly
.
β’
She
phrased
her
apology
in
a
warm
and
sincere
way
.
She
phrased
her
apology
in
a
warm
and
sincere
way
.
occasion
noun
a
special
event
or
celebration
β’
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
β’
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
noun
a
particular
time
when
something
happens
β’
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
β’
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
noun
a
cause
or
reason
for
something
β’
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
β’
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
noun
a
suitable
time
or
opportunity
to
do
something
β’
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
β’
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
verb
to
cause
something
to
happen
β’
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
β’
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
'occaison'
,
from
Latin
'occasio
(
n-
)
'
meaning
β
juncture
,
reason
β,
from
the
verb
'occidere'
β
to
fall
,
befall
β.
increasing
verb
-
increase
,
increasing
,
increases
,
increased
becoming
greater
or
making
something
become
greater
in
number
,
size
,
or
amount
β’
The
population
of
the
city
is
increasing
every
year
.
The
population
of
the
city
is
increasing
every
year
.
β’
She
kept
increasing
the
volume
until
the
music
filled
the
room
.
She
kept
increasing
the
volume
until
the
music
filled
the
room
.
Formed
from
the
base
verb
β
increase
β
+
the
present-participle
suffix
β
-ing
β.
adjective
growing
larger
in
number
,
amount
,
or
level
β’
There
is
an
increasing
demand
for
electric
cars
.
There
is
an
increasing
demand
for
electric
cars
.
β’
Scientists
are
worried
about
increasing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
.
Scientists
are
worried
about
increasing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
.
Derived
from
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
β
increase
β,
used
adjectivally
since
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
increasing
the
act
of
making
something
larger
or
of
becoming
larger
β’
The
increasing
of
the
budget
allowed
the
school
to
buy
new
computers
.
The
increasing
of
the
budget
allowed
the
school
to
buy
new
computers
.
β’
Regular
exercise
leads
to
the
increasing
of
muscle
strength
.
Regular
exercise
leads
to
the
increasing
of
muscle
strength
.
Gerund
form
of
the
verb
β
increase
β,
functioning
as
a
noun
since
Middle
English
period
.
drama
noun
a
play
or
story
written
to
be
acted
on
stage
,
on
television
,
or
on
radio
β’
The
school
is
putting
on
a
drama
about
climate
change
this
Friday
night
.
The
school
is
putting
on
a
drama
about
climate
change
this
Friday
night
.
β’
We
watched
a
gripping
crime
drama
on
TV
last
night
.
We
watched
a
gripping
crime
drama
on
TV
last
night
.
from
Greek
β
drΔma
β
meaning
β
action
,
deed
,β
from
β
dran
β
to
do
,
perform
noun
the
art
or
activity
of
writing
,
producing
,
or
acting
in
plays
β’
He
studied
drama
at
university
before
becoming
an
actor
.
He
studied
drama
at
university
before
becoming
an
actor
.
β’
The
after-school
drama
club
meets
every
Wednesday
.
The
after-school
drama
club
meets
every
Wednesday
.
noun
exciting
,
emotional
,
or
unexpected
events
,
often
involving
tension
or
fuss
β’
There
was
a
lot
of
drama
when
the
fire
alarm
rang
during
the
ceremony
.
There
was
a
lot
of
drama
when
the
fire
alarm
rang
during
the
ceremony
.
β’
I
β
m
tired
of
office
drama
and
gossip
.
I
β
m
tired
of
office
drama
and
gossip
.
formula
noun
a
set
of
symbols
and
numbers
that
shows
a
rule
or
fact
in
mathematics
,
science
,
or
chemistry
β’
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
formula
for
water
,
H2O
,
on
the
board
.
In
chemistry
class
,
the
teacher
wrote
the
formula
for
water
,
H2O
,
on
the
board
.
β’
If
you
rearrange
this
algebraic
formula
,
you
can
solve
for
x
easily
.
If
you
rearrange
this
algebraic
formula
,
you
can
solve
for
x
easily
.
From
Latin
formula
meaning
β
small
form
,
rule
,β
originally
the
diminutive
of
forma
β
shape
.β
noun
a
fixed
way
of
doing
or
saying
something
that
is
expected
to
give
a
particular
result
β’
Hard
work
plus
good
planning
is
his
simple
formula
for
success
.
Hard
work
plus
good
planning
is
his
simple
formula
for
success
.
β’
The
bakery
follows
a
secret
formula
to
create
its
famous
sourdough
bread
.
The
bakery
follows
a
secret
formula
to
create
its
famous
sourdough
bread
.
Same
origin
as
scientific
sense
:
Latin
formula
β
rule
,
method
.β
noun
powdered
or
liquid
milk
specially
made
to
feed
babies
instead
of
breast
milk
β’
The
mother
mixed
the
baby
formula
with
warm
water
in
a
bottle
.
The
mother
mixed
the
baby
formula
with
warm
water
in
a
bottle
.
β’
We
packed
enough
formula
for
the
trip
so
the
infant
wouldn't
go
hungry
.
We
packed
enough
formula
for
the
trip
so
the
infant
wouldn't
go
hungry
.
Named
because
the
mixture
follows
a
fixed
formula
of
nutrients
needed
for
babies
.
classic
adjective
considered
excellent
and
admired
for
a
long
time
β’
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
The
1950s
diner
has
a
classic
retro
look
with
red
booths
and
neon
lights
.
β’
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
He
wore
a
classic
black
tuxedo
to
the
wedding
.
adjective
very
typical
or
characteristic
of
its
kind
,
often
in
a
familiar
or
predictable
way
β’
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
Forgetting
to
save
your
document
before
the
computer
crashes
is
a
classic
error
.
β’
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
It
was
a
classic
case
of
mistaken
identity
at
the
airport
.
noun
a
book
,
film
,
song
,
car
,
or
other
thing
that
is
widely
considered
outstanding
and
continues
to
be
admired
over
time
β’
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
Many
people
consider
'Pride
and
Prejudice'
a
classic
.
β’
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
Every
holiday
season
,
our
family
watches
the
film
'It's
a
Wonderful
Life
,
'
a
real
classic
.
emphasis
noun
-
emphasis
,
emphases
special
importance
or
attention
given
to
something
β’
The
teacher
placed
strong
emphasis
on
honesty
during
the
lesson
.
The
teacher
placed
strong
emphasis
on
honesty
during
the
lesson
.
β’
Our
company
puts
great
emphasis
on
customer
satisfaction
.
Our
company
puts
great
emphasis
on
customer
satisfaction
.
Borrowed
in
the
16th
century
from
Latin
emphasis
,
from
Ancient
Greek
αΌΞΌΟΞ±ΟΞΉΟ
(
Γ©mphasis
)
meaning
"
appearance
,
show
,
importance
".
noun
-
emphasis
,
emphases
extra
loudness
,
force
,
or
visual
style
used
to
make
a
syllable
,
word
,
or
idea
stand
out
β’
You
place
the
emphasis
on
the
first
syllable
when
β
present
β
is
a
noun
.
You
place
the
emphasis
on
the
first
syllable
when
β
present
β
is
a
noun
.
β’
He
slowed
down
and
used
vocal
emphasis
to
highlight
his
main
point
.
He
slowed
down
and
used
vocal
emphasis
to
highlight
his
main
point
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
the
meaning
of
stressing
a
word
or
syllable
developed
in
English
by
the
late
16th
century
.
fantasy
noun
-
fantasy
,
fantasies
The
power
of
the
imagination
to
create
pictures
or
ideas
that
are
not
real
.
β’
As
a
child
,
Mia
often
escaped
into
fantasy
during
long
car
rides
.
As
a
child
,
Mia
often
escaped
into
fantasy
during
long
car
rides
.
β’
A
little
fantasy
can
make
a
boring
task
feel
exciting
.
A
little
fantasy
can
make
a
boring
task
feel
exciting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
fantaisie
,
from
Greek
phantasia
meaning
β
appearance
,
imagination
β.
noun
-
fantasy
,
fantasies
A
picture
,
story
,
or
idea
in
someone
β
s
mind
that
is
not
likely
to
happen
in
real
life
.
β’
Leo
β
s
biggest
fantasy
is
to
travel
through
time
and
meet
dinosaurs
.
Leo
β
s
biggest
fantasy
is
to
travel
through
time
and
meet
dinosaurs
.
β’
The
novel
explores
the
dark
fantasies
of
its
main
character
.
The
novel
explores
the
dark
fantasies
of
its
main
character
.
noun
-
fantasy
,
fantasies
A
style
of
story
,
film
,
or
game
that
includes
magic
,
strange
creatures
,
or
other
things
that
cannot
exist
in
the
real
world
.
β’
The
movie
is
a
high-budget
fantasy
filled
with
dragons
and
wizards
.
The
movie
is
a
high-budget
fantasy
filled
with
dragons
and
wizards
.
β’
Emily
loves
reading
fantasies
with
complex
magical
worlds
.
Emily
loves
reading
fantasies
with
complex
magical
worlds
.
Asian
adjective
relating
to
Asia
or
its
people
,
languages
,
or
cultures
.
β’
Her
favorite
restaurant
serves
authentic
Asian
dishes
like
sushi
and
pho
.
Her
favorite
restaurant
serves
authentic
Asian
dishes
like
sushi
and
pho
.
β’
The
museum
opened
a
new
gallery
displaying
traditional
Asian
art
and
sculptures
.
The
museum
opened
a
new
gallery
displaying
traditional
Asian
art
and
sculptures
.
From
Asia
+
-an
,
first
attested
in
English
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
people
or
things
from
Asia
.
noun
a
person
from
Asia
or
whose
family
originally
comes
from
Asia
.
β’
As
an
Asian
,
Mei
celebrates
Lunar
New
Year
with
her
family
every
January
.
As
an
Asian
,
Mei
celebrates
Lunar
New
Year
with
her
family
every
January
.
β’
The
city
is
home
to
many
Asians
who
have
opened
restaurants
and
shops
.
The
city
is
home
to
many
Asians
who
have
opened
restaurants
and
shops
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
Asian
,
used
as
a
noun
from
the
18th
century
to
refer
to
people
of
Asian
origin
.
whereas
conjunction
used
to
introduce
a
fact
that
clearly
contrasts
with
another
fact
β’
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
β’
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
Middle
English
from
β
where
β
+
β
as
β,
originally
meaning
β
at
which
place
β;
later
developed
a
contrasting
sense
.
conjunction
(
formal
)
introducing
a
fact
or
condition
that
is
the
basis
for
a
decision
,
especially
in
legal
or
official
documents
,
meaning
β
given
that
β
or
β
considering
that
β.
β’
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
β’
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
Same
origin
as
the
contrasting
sense
,
but
retained
in
the
legal
style
of
formal
preambles
.
adverb
(
archaic
)
at
or
in
which
place
;
where
β’
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
β’
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
From
Middle
English
phrase
β
where
as
β
meaning
β
where
β;
later
usage
narrowed
and
became
archaic
.
chase
verb
-
chase
,
chasing
,
chases
,
chased
to
run
,
drive
,
or
move
quickly
after
someone
or
something
in
order
to
catch
them
β’
The
playful
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
endless
circles
.
The
playful
puppy
chased
its
tail
in
endless
circles
.
β’
A
police
car
chased
the
speeding
driver
through
busy
city
streets
with
sirens
blaring
.
A
police
car
chased
the
speeding
driver
through
busy
city
streets
with
sirens
blaring
.
From
Old
French
β
chacier
β
meaning
β
to
hunt
β,
from
Latin
β
captiare
β (
to
capture
).
noun
an
act
or
period
of
running
after
someone
or
something
in
order
to
catch
them
β’
The
fox
slipped
away
,
and
the
hounds
ended
the
long
chase
.
The
fox
slipped
away
,
and
the
hounds
ended
the
long
chase
.
β’
After
a
thrilling
rooftop
chase
,
the
hero
finally
caught
the
thief
.
After
a
thrilling
rooftop
chase
,
the
hero
finally
caught
the
thief
.
Same
origin
as
the
verb
:
Old
French
β
chacier
β
β
Latin
β
captiare
β.
verb
-
chase
,
chasing
,
chases
,
chased
to
decorate
metal
by
hammering
or
engraving
the
front
surface
so
that
a
design
stands
out
β’
The
silversmith
chased
a
delicate
vine
pattern
into
the
bracelet
.
The
silversmith
chased
a
delicate
vine
pattern
into
the
bracelet
.
β’
Students
practiced
as
they
chased
the
copper
plate
with
tiny
hammers
.
Students
practiced
as
they
chased
the
copper
plate
with
tiny
hammers
.
Specialized
sense
from
French
β
chasser
β
meaning
β
to
drive
β
metal
forward
.
occasionally
adverb
sometimes
,
but
not
often
or
regularly
β’
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
I
visit
my
grandparents
occasionally
because
they
live
in
another
city
.
β’
The
small
seaside
cafΓ©
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
The
small
seaside
cafΓ©
is
usually
quiet
,
but
it
gets
busy
occasionally
when
tourists
arrive
.
From
occasional
+β
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
β
on
some
occasions
β.
infrastructure
noun
the
basic
physical
structures
and
public
services
,
such
as
roads
,
power
lines
,
and
water
systems
,
that
a
country
or
community
needs
to
operate
β’
After
the
earthquake
,
many
bridges
and
roads
in
the
city
β
s
infrastructure
needed
urgent
repairs
.
After
the
earthquake
,
many
bridges
and
roads
in
the
city
β
s
infrastructure
needed
urgent
repairs
.
β’
The
government
announced
a
huge
budget
to
improve
rural
infrastructure
.
The
government
announced
a
huge
budget
to
improve
rural
infrastructure
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
1920s
from
French
infrastructure
,
from
infra-
(
below
)
+
structure
(
arrangement
of
parts
).
noun
the
underlying
system
or
framework
that
supports
how
an
organisation
,
process
,
or
technology
works
β’
The
tech
startup
invested
heavily
in
cloud
infrastructure
to
handle
millions
of
users
.
The
tech
startup
invested
heavily
in
cloud
infrastructure
to
handle
millions
of
users
.
β’
Schools
need
digital
infrastructure
like
high-speed
internet
and
laptops
to
support
modern
learning
.
Schools
need
digital
infrastructure
like
high-speed
internet
and
laptops
to
support
modern
learning
.
Same
origin
as
the
physical
sense
;
extended
metaphorically
in
the
mid-20th
century
to
non-physical
systems
.
crash
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
to
hit
something
or
someone
hard
while
moving
,
usually
causing
damage
,
noise
,
or
injury
β’
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
β’
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
Middle
English
β
crasshen
β,
likely
imitative
of
a
loud
smashing
sound
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
serious
accident
in
which
a
vehicle
hits
something
or
another
vehicle
β’
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
β’
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
of
a
computer
or
program
)
to
suddenly
stop
working
and
close
unexpectedly
β’
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
β’
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
informal
)
to
sleep
or
stay
somewhere
for
a
short
time
without
planning
,
usually
because
you
are
tired
β’
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
β’
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
loud
noise
made
when
something
heavy
hits
or
falls
β’
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
β’
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
adjective
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
quick
and
intensive
,
designed
to
teach
or
achieve
something
in
a
very
short
time
β’
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
β’
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
and
severe
drop
in
the
value
of
shares
,
property
,
or
the
economy
β’
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
β’
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
database
noun
a
structured
collection
of
information
kept
on
a
computer
so
it
can
be
quickly
searched
,
managed
,
and
updated
β’
Our
company
stores
every
customer
record
in
a
secure
database
.
Our
company
stores
every
customer
record
in
a
secure
database
.
β’
The
scientist
searched
an
online
database
for
articles
about
climate
change
.
The
scientist
searched
an
online
database
for
articles
about
climate
change
.
Formed
in
the
1960s
from
data
+
base
,
referring
to
a
foundational
store
of
data
.
verb
-
database
,
databasing
,
databases
,
databased
to
store
information
in
a
structured
computer
system
so
it
can
be
easily
searched
and
managed
β’
The
research
team
will
database
all
the
survey
responses
before
publishing
the
report
.
The
research
team
will
database
all
the
survey
responses
before
publishing
the
report
.
β’
After
scanning
the
documents
,
the
librarian
databases
them
for
easy
searching
.
After
scanning
the
documents
,
the
librarian
databases
them
for
easy
searching
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
database
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
1970s
within
computing
fields
.
fantastic
adjective
extremely
good
or
enjoyable
;
excellent
β’
The
concert
last
night
was
absolutely
fantastic
!
The
concert
last
night
was
absolutely
fantastic
!
β’
You
did
a
fantastic
job
on
your
science
project
.
You
did
a
fantastic
job
on
your
science
project
.
measurement
noun
the
act
or
process
of
finding
out
the
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
of
something
using
standard
units
β’
Accurate
measurement
of
temperature
is
vital
when
baking
bread
.
Accurate
measurement
of
temperature
is
vital
when
baking
bread
.
β’
The
scientist
repeated
the
measurement
three
times
to
make
sure
the
results
were
correct
.
The
scientist
repeated
the
measurement
three
times
to
make
sure
the
results
were
correct
.
From
Middle
French
mesurement
,
from
mesurer
β
to
measure
β
+
-ment
,
appearing
in
English
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
a
size
,
length
,
or
amount
that
has
been
found
by
measuring
β’
The
tailor
wrote
down
my
chest
measurement
before
starting
the
suit
.
The
tailor
wrote
down
my
chest
measurement
before
starting
the
suit
.
β’
Check
the
room
β
s
exact
measurements
before
you
buy
a
new
sofa
.
Check
the
room
β
s
exact
measurements
before
you
buy
a
new
sofa
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
,
the
noun
came
also
to
mean
the
numerical
result
obtained
from
measuring
.
ambassador
noun
a
high-ranking
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
speak
on
its
behalf
β’
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
β’
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
From
Middle
French
ambassadeur
,
from
Italian
ambasciatore
,
ultimately
from
Medieval
Latin
ambactia
meaning
β
service
β
or
β
mission
β.
noun
a
person
who
publicly
represents
,
supports
,
or
promotes
a
particular
organization
,
cause
,
city
,
or
brand
β’
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
β’
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
β
s
eco-friendly
products
.
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
β
s
eco-friendly
products
.
The
modern
promotional
sense
developed
metaphorically
from
the
diplomatic
sense
,
extending
the
idea
of
formal
representation
to
brands
and
causes
.
decrease
verb
-
decrease
,
decreasing
,
decreases
,
decreased
to
become
smaller
or
less
,
or
to
make
something
smaller
or
less
β’
The
doctor
advised
me
to
decrease
the
amount
of
sugar
I
eat
each
day
.
The
doctor
advised
me
to
decrease
the
amount
of
sugar
I
eat
each
day
.
β’
Traffic
decreased
noticeably
after
the
new
bridge
opened
.
Traffic
decreased
noticeably
after
the
new
bridge
opened
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
decrescere
β
grow
less
β,
from
de-
β
down
β
+
crescere
β
grow
β.
noun
the
act
or
amount
of
becoming
smaller
or
less
β’
There
was
a
sharp
decrease
in
tourism
after
the
storm
.
There
was
a
sharp
decrease
in
tourism
after
the
storm
.
β’
Scientists
recorded
a
small
decrease
in
global
temperatures
last
year
.
Scientists
recorded
a
small
decrease
in
global
temperatures
last
year
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
decrescere
β
grow
less
β,
from
de-
β
down
β
+
crescere
β
grow
β.
mask
noun
a
covering
that
you
wear
over
your
face
to
protect
yourself
,
to
hide
who
you
are
,
or
for
fun
β’
The
nurse
put
on
a
mask
before
entering
the
patient's
room
.
The
nurse
put
on
a
mask
before
entering
the
patient's
room
.
β’
At
the
carnival
,
children
painted
their
own
colorful
masks
.
At
the
carnival
,
children
painted
their
own
colorful
masks
.
Borrowed
from
Middle
French
masque
,
from
Italian
maschera
,
probably
from
Latin
mascus
β
ghost
β
or
medieval
Latin
masca
.
verb
to
cover
or
hide
something
so
that
it
cannot
be
seen
,
heard
,
smelled
,
or
noticed
β’
The
chef
used
strong
spices
to
mask
the
taste
of
the
bitter
medicine
.
The
chef
used
strong
spices
to
mask
the
taste
of
the
bitter
medicine
.
β’
Clouds
masked
the
sun
during
the
eclipse
.
Clouds
masked
the
sun
during
the
eclipse
.
noun
a
way
of
behaving
or
speaking
that
hides
your
real
feelings
,
thoughts
,
or
character
β’
Behind
his
cheerful
mask
of
jokes
,
he
felt
lonely
.
Behind
his
cheerful
mask
of
jokes
,
he
felt
lonely
.
β’
Her
confidence
was
just
a
mask
for
her
nervousness
.
Her
confidence
was
just
a
mask
for
her
nervousness
.
noun
in
computing
,
a
fixed
pattern
of
bits
or
characters
used
to
select
,
block
,
or
change
parts
of
data
β’
Use
a
subnet
mask
to
divide
the
network
into
smaller
segments
.
Use
a
subnet
mask
to
divide
the
network
into
smaller
segments
.
β’
The
programmer
applied
a
bit
mask
to
extract
only
the
lowest
four
bits
.
The
programmer
applied
a
bit
mask
to
extract
only
the
lowest
four
bits
.
bias
noun
-
bias
,
biases
an
unfair
preference
for
or
against
a
person
,
group
,
or
idea
that
stops
you
from
being
neutral
β’
The
reporter
tried
to
write
the
article
without
any
bias
.
The
reporter
tried
to
write
the
article
without
any
bias
.
β’
Because
of
his
personal
bias
,
the
manager
promoted
his
friend
over
more
qualified
workers
.
Because
of
his
personal
bias
,
the
manager
promoted
his
friend
over
more
qualified
workers
.
From
Old
French
biais
β
slant
,
oblique
β,
probably
from
Old
ProvenΓ§al
;
in
English
first
used
about
fabric
direction
,
later
extended
to
unfair
preference
.
verb
-
bias
,
biasing
,
biases
,
biased
to
influence
someone
or
something
so
that
opinions
or
results
become
unfairly
one-sided
β’
The
loud
commercial
was
designed
to
bias
viewers
toward
buying
the
product
.
The
loud
commercial
was
designed
to
bias
viewers
toward
buying
the
product
.
β’
Jurors
were
asked
not
to
read
news
that
might
bias
them
before
the
trial
.
Jurors
were
asked
not
to
read
news
that
might
bias
them
before
the
trial
.
noun
-
bias
,
biases
the
diagonal
direction
across
woven
fabric
,
at
about
45Β°
to
the
edges
,
which
stretches
more
than
the
straight
grain
β’
The
dress
was
cut
on
the
bias
so
it
draped
smoothly
.
The
dress
was
cut
on
the
bias
so
it
draped
smoothly
.
β’
She
trimmed
the
quilt
edge
with
bias
tape
.
She
trimmed
the
quilt
edge
with
bias
tape
.
pizza
noun
a
round
flat
food
made
of
baked
dough
covered
with
tomato
sauce
,
melted
cheese
,
and
often
other
toppings
such
as
meat
or
vegetables
β’
We
ordered
a
large
pizza
for
dinner
.
We
ordered
a
large
pizza
for
dinner
.
β’
My
favorite
pizza
has
mushrooms
and
olives
on
top
.
My
favorite
pizza
has
mushrooms
and
olives
on
top
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
1800s
from
Italian
β
pizza
,β
which
probably
comes
from
a
Latin
root
meaning
β
flatbread
.β
beast
noun
a
large
,
often
dangerous
or
wild
animal
β’
The
farmer
led
the
enormous
beast
into
a
new
pasture
.
The
farmer
led
the
enormous
beast
into
a
new
pasture
.
β’
On
safari
,
tourists
gasped
as
a
majestic
beast
β
a
bull
elephant
β
crossed
the
dusty
road
.
On
safari
,
tourists
gasped
as
a
majestic
beast
β
a
bull
elephant
β
crossed
the
dusty
road
.
Old
English
β
bΔost
β
from
Latin
β
bestia
β
meaning
β
animal
β.
noun
a
person
who
behaves
in
a
cruel
,
violent
,
or
very
unpleasant
way
β’
Everyone
called
the
ruthless
dictator
a
beast
for
how
he
treated
his
people
.
Everyone
called
the
ruthless
dictator
a
beast
for
how
he
treated
his
people
.
β’
He
acted
like
a
beast
when
he
kicked
the
door
down
in
anger
.
He
acted
like
a
beast
when
he
kicked
the
door
down
in
anger
.
noun
something
that
is
very
difficult
,
unpleasant
,
or
complicated
to
deal
with
β’
The
final
maths
problem
was
a
real
beast
,
and
few
students
solved
it
.
The
final
maths
problem
was
a
real
beast
,
and
few
students
solved
it
.
β’
Moving
an
entire
library
of
books
is
a
logistical
beast
.
Moving
an
entire
library
of
books
is
a
logistical
beast
.
noun
something
very
big
,
strong
,
or
powerful
,
especially
a
machine
or
vehicle
β’
His
new
gaming
computer
is
a
beast
and
can
run
any
game
on
ultra
settings
.
His
new
gaming
computer
is
a
beast
and
can
run
any
game
on
ultra
settings
.
β’
The
engineers
unveiled
a
robotic
beast
capable
of
lifting
cars
.
The
engineers
unveiled
a
robotic
beast
capable
of
lifting
cars
.
Beast
noun
-
Beast
in
Christian
belief
,
an
evil
creature
described
in
the
Book
of
Revelation
,
often
identified
with
the
Antichrist
β’
In
the
sermon
,
the
pastor
explained
the
symbolism
of
the
Beast
and
its
number
666
.
In
the
sermon
,
the
pastor
explained
the
symbolism
of
the
Beast
and
its
number
666
.
β’
Medieval
artists
often
painted
the
Beast
as
a
seven-headed
monster
.
Medieval
artists
often
painted
the
Beast
as
a
seven-headed
monster
.
From
the
apocalyptic
imagery
in
the
New
Testament
Book
of
Revelation
.
pleased
adjective
feeling
happy
or
satisfied
because
something
good
has
happened
or
someone
has
done
something
you
like
β’
Maya
looked
pleased
when
she
saw
her
birthday
cake
.
Maya
looked
pleased
when
she
saw
her
birthday
cake
.
β’
The
coach
was
pleased
with
the
team's
effort
after
the
match
.
The
coach
was
pleased
with
the
team's
effort
after
the
match
.
adjective
used
in
polite
statements
to
show
you
are
willing
or
happy
to
do
something
β’
We
would
be
pleased
to
answer
any
questions
you
may
have
.
We
would
be
pleased
to
answer
any
questions
you
may
have
.
β’
The
chef
is
pleased
to
prepare
a
vegetarian
option
for
you
.
The
chef
is
pleased
to
prepare
a
vegetarian
option
for
you
.
verb
-
please
,
pleasing
,
pleases
,
pleased
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
please
:
made
someone
happy
or
satisfied
β’
Her
kind
words
pleased
the
nervous
student
.
Her
kind
words
pleased
the
nervous
student
.
β’
The
party
decorations
pleased
everyone
who
attended
.
The
party
decorations
pleased
everyone
who
attended
.
invasion
noun
the
act
of
an
armed
force
entering
another
country
or
area
in
order
to
take
control
by
force
β’
The
soldiers
prepared
to
defend
the
city
against
an
invasion
from
the
north
.
The
soldiers
prepared
to
defend
the
city
against
an
invasion
from
the
north
.
β’
History
books
describe
the
Norman
invasion
of
England
in
1066
.
History
books
describe
the
Norman
invasion
of
England
in
1066
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
invasio
(
n-
),
from
invadere
β
to
go
into
,
attack
β.
noun
a
sudden
and
unwelcome
arrival
of
many
people
,
animals
,
or
things
that
crowd
into
a
place
or
situation
β’
Every
summer
our
quiet
beach
town
faces
an
invasion
of
tourists
looking
for
sun
.
Every
summer
our
quiet
beach
town
faces
an
invasion
of
tourists
looking
for
sun
.
β’
An
invasion
of
ants
covered
the
kitchen
counter
overnight
.
An
invasion
of
ants
covered
the
kitchen
counter
overnight
.
Extended
sense
of
the
military
meaning
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
the
spread
of
disease-causing
organisms
or
cancer
cells
into
surrounding
tissues
of
the
body
β’
Doctors
explained
that
cancer
invasion
into
nearby
tissue
makes
the
disease
harder
to
treat
.
Doctors
explained
that
cancer
invasion
into
nearby
tissue
makes
the
disease
harder
to
treat
.
β’
The
microscope
slide
showed
bacterial
invasion
of
the
wound
.
The
microscope
slide
showed
bacterial
invasion
of
the
wound
.
Adopted
in
medical
writing
in
the
late
19th
century
to
describe
how
harmful
cells
or
organisms
move
into
healthy
tissue
.