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π
ratio
noun
the
relationship
between
two
numbers
that
shows
how
many
times
one
number
fits
into
the
other
β’
The
ratio
of
students
to
teachers
in
the
class
is
20
to
1
.
The
ratio
of
students
to
teachers
in
the
class
is
20
to
1
.
β’
Mix
the
paint
in
a
2
to
1
ratio
of
blue
to
white
for
the
perfect
shade
.
Mix
the
paint
in
a
2
to
1
ratio
of
blue
to
white
for
the
perfect
shade
.
From
Latin
ratiΕ
(β
reckoning
,
reason
,
calculation
β).
noun
on
social
media
,
a
situation
where
a
reply
or
comment
receives
far
more
likes
or
up-votes
than
the
original
post
,
showing
that
people
dislike
or
disagree
with
the
original
β’
His
unpopular
tweet
earned
an
embarrassing
ratio
within
an
hour
.
His
unpopular
tweet
earned
an
embarrassing
ratio
within
an
hour
.
β’
"
Post
that
and
you
β
ll
get
a
huge
ratio
,"
her
friend
warned
.
"
Post
that
and
you
β
ll
get
a
huge
ratio
,"
her
friend
warned
.
Extension
of
the
mathematical
sense
;
first
popularized
on
Twitter
in
the
late
2010s
.
administration
noun
the
practical
work
of
organizing
and
running
the
day-to-day
affairs
of
a
company
,
school
,
or
other
organization
β’
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
β’
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
From
Latin
administratio
β
management
,
direction
β,
from
administrare
β
to
manage
β.
noun
the
group
of
people
who
manage
and
make
decisions
for
an
organization
,
such
as
a
school
,
hospital
,
or
business
β’
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
β’
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
noun
the
government
of
a
particular
U
.
S
.
president
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
are
in
office
β’
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
β’
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
noun
the
act
of
giving
a
medicine
or
treatment
to
someone
β’
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
β’
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
operation
noun
the
way
a
machine
,
system
,
or
process
works
and
is
used
β’
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
β’
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
β
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
β
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
noun
a
business
or
organized
activity
that
produces
goods
or
provides
services
β’
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
β’
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
noun
a
medical
procedure
in
which
doctors
cut
into
the
body
to
treat
or
fix
something
β’
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
β’
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
noun
a
process
such
as
addition
,
subtraction
,
multiplication
,
or
division
that
changes
numbers
or
amounts
β’
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
β’
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
noun
a
planned
military
,
police
,
or
rescue
action
β’
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
β’
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
noun
an
action
or
command
that
a
computer
or
machine
carries
out
on
data
β’
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
β’
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
generation
noun
all
the
people
born
and
living
at
about
the
same
time
,
considered
as
a
group
β’
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
β’
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
noun
-
generation
the
act
or
process
of
producing
or
creating
something
,
especially
power
,
heat
,
or
ideas
β’
Wind
farms
help
with
the
generation
of
clean
electricity
.
Wind
farms
help
with
the
generation
of
clean
electricity
.
β’
Brainstorming
meetings
spark
the
generation
of
new
ideas
.
Brainstorming
meetings
spark
the
generation
of
new
ideas
.
noun
each
stage
in
a
family
line
,
measured
from
parent
to
child
β’
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
β’
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
noun
a
particular
stage
in
the
development
of
a
product
,
technology
,
or
idea
β’
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
β’
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
corporation
noun
a
large
company
that
the
law
treats
as
a
single
organization
,
separate
from
the
people
who
own
or
run
it
β’
Mia
was
thrilled
when
she
landed
a
job
at
a
corporation
that
designs
electric
cars
.
Mia
was
thrilled
when
she
landed
a
job
at
a
corporation
that
designs
electric
cars
.
β’
The
corporation
announced
that
it
would
open
new
factories
and
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
The
corporation
announced
that
it
would
open
new
factories
and
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
From
Latin
corporΔtiΕ
(β
a
group
of
people
united
in
one
body
β),
from
corpus
(β
body
β).
noun
humorous
old-fashioned
word
for
a
large
round
stomach
β’
Uncle
Joe
patted
his
growing
corporation
after
the
big
holiday
meal
.
Uncle
Joe
patted
his
growing
corporation
after
the
big
holiday
meal
.
β’
He
blamed
his
corporation
on
a
love
of
pastries
and
a
dislike
of
exercise
.
He
blamed
his
corporation
on
a
love
of
pastries
and
a
dislike
of
exercise
.
Playful
extension
of
the
main
sense
,
joking
that
a
person
β
s
body
has
incorporated
a
large
amount
of
food
into
one
β
company
.β
noun
in
British
law
in
the
past
,
an
officially
recognized
group
of
people
chosen
to
govern
a
town
or
city
β’
Until
the
reforms
of
the
19th
century
,
the
corporation
of
Bristol
had
the
power
to
set
local
taxes
.
Until
the
reforms
of
the
19th
century
,
the
corporation
of
Bristol
had
the
power
to
set
local
taxes
.
β’
The
town
β
s
medieval
charter
granted
its
corporation
exclusive
rights
to
run
the
weekly
market
.
The
town
β
s
medieval
charter
granted
its
corporation
exclusive
rights
to
run
the
weekly
market
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
the
commercial
sense
;
this
meaning
developed
in
medieval
England
for
town
governments
incorporated
by
royal
charter
.
immigration
noun
-
immigration
the
process
of
people
moving
to
live
permanently
in
a
country
that
is
not
the
one
where
they
were
born
β’
Canada
has
encouraged
immigration
to
increase
its
labour
force
.
Canada
has
encouraged
immigration
to
increase
its
labour
force
.
β’
Skilled-worker
immigration
helped
his
family
start
a
new
life
in
Germany
.
Skilled-worker
immigration
helped
his
family
start
a
new
life
in
Germany
.
From
Latin
immigrare
β
to
move
into
,
enter
and
settle
,β
formed
with
the
prefix
in-
β
into
β
and
migrare
β
to
move
,
change
abode
.β
noun
-
immigration
the
place
or
official
checks
at
a
border
,
airport
,
or
port
where
passports
and
visas
are
examined
before
you
are
allowed
into
a
country
β’
We
went
through
immigration
quickly
because
the
airport
was
quiet
.
We
went
through
immigration
quickly
because
the
airport
was
quiet
.
β’
She
smiled
with
relief
after
clearing
immigration
and
collecting
her
luggage
.
She
smiled
with
relief
after
clearing
immigration
and
collecting
her
luggage
.
Sense
extended
from
the
general
idea
of
β
immigration
β
to
the
office
and
procedure
handling
it
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
as
international
travel
increased
.
consideration
noun
-
consideration
the
act
of
thinking
carefully
about
something
before
deciding
or
judging
β’
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
β’
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
From
Latin
β
consideratio
β
meaning
β
examination
β
or
β
thought
β.
noun
a
fact
or
detail
that
you
must
think
about
when
deciding
something
β’
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
β’
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
noun
-
consideration
kind
behaviour
that
shows
you
care
about
other
people's
feelings
and
needs
β’
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
β’
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
noun
-
consideration
something
of
value
given
by
each
party
in
a
contract
that
makes
the
agreement
legally
binding
β’
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
β’
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
concentration
noun
the
ability
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
thought
,
activity
,
or
object
without
being
distracted
β’
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
β
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
β
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
β’
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
from
Latin
β
concentrare
β
meaning
β
to
bring
to
the
centre
β,
later
used
figuratively
for
mental
focus
noun
the
amount
of
a
substance
present
in
a
mixture
or
solution
compared
with
the
total
amount
of
the
mixture
or
solution
β’
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
β’
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
extended
scientific
use
from
sense
of
β
bringing
substances
together
β
in
the
19th
century
noun
a
large
number
or
amount
of
people
or
things
gathered
in
one
place
β’
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
β’
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
sense
of
β
gathering
together
β
appeared
in
English
in
the
17th
century
noun
the
act
of
making
a
liquid
or
substance
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
diluting
material
β’
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
β’
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
derived
from
earlier
sense
of
β
bringing
together
β
applied
to
liquids
in
the
mid-19th
century
preparation
noun
the
action
or
process
of
getting
something
or
someone
ready
for
use
,
activity
,
or
an
event
β’
After
weeks
of
careful
preparation
,
the
students
finally
presented
their
science
project
.
After
weeks
of
careful
preparation
,
the
students
finally
presented
their
science
project
.
β’
Good
preparation
helped
the
marathon
runner
avoid
injuries
during
the
race
.
Good
preparation
helped
the
marathon
runner
avoid
injuries
during
the
race
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
praeparatio
(
n-
),
from
praeparare
β
make
ready
beforehand
β,
from
prae
β
before
β
+
parare
β
make
ready
β.
noun
a
substance
,
mixture
,
or
product
that
has
been
made
ready
for
a
particular
use
β’
The
doctor
prescribed
a
herbal
preparation
to
ease
her
cough
.
The
doctor
prescribed
a
herbal
preparation
to
ease
her
cough
.
β’
This
vitamin
preparation
should
be
taken
with
food
.
This
vitamin
preparation
should
be
taken
with
food
.
Sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
as
specialized
products
began
to
be
created
for
medicine
,
cooking
,
and
art
.
preparations
noun
the
plans
,
arrangements
,
and
tasks
done
before
an
event
happens
β’
Final
preparations
for
the
wedding
were
finished
the
night
before
.
Final
preparations
for
the
wedding
were
finished
the
night
before
.
β’
They
made
emergency
preparations
in
case
the
storm
hit
the
town
.
They
made
emergency
preparations
in
case
the
storm
hit
the
town
.
The
plural
sense
emphasizing
collective
arrangements
became
common
in
the
18th
century
,
especially
in
reference
to
social
events
.
cooperation
noun
-
cooperation
the
act
of
working
together
with
other
people
or
groups
to
reach
a
shared
goal
β’
The
students'
cooperation
made
the
group
project
fun
and
successful
.
The
students'
cooperation
made
the
group
project
fun
and
successful
.
β’
International
scientists
showed
remarkable
cooperation
while
developing
the
vaccine
.
International
scientists
showed
remarkable
cooperation
while
developing
the
vaccine
.
From
Latin
cooperΔtiΕ
,
from
cooperΔrΔ«
β
to
work
together
.β
noun
-
cooperation
the
willingness
to
do
what
someone
asks
or
tells
you
,
by
following
rules
or
instructions
β’
Thank
you
for
your
cooperation
during
the
security
screening
.
Thank
you
for
your
cooperation
during
the
security
screening
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
for
the
class's
cooperation
in
keeping
the
room
tidy
.
The
teacher
asked
for
the
class's
cooperation
in
keeping
the
room
tidy
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
but
used
in
formal
requests
for
help
or
discipline
.
celebration
noun
a
joyful
social
event
held
to
mark
a
special
occasion
,
success
,
or
holiday
β’
We
held
a
big
celebration
for
Grandma's
90th
birthday
.
We
held
a
big
celebration
for
Grandma's
90th
birthday
.
β’
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
team
organized
a
street
celebration
.
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
team
organized
a
street
celebration
.
From
Latin
celebratioΜ
(β
frequented
,
solemnizing
of
a
day
β).
noun
the
act
of
showing
happiness
or
respect
for
something
through
activities
,
words
,
or
ritual
β’
There
was
much
celebration
when
the
results
were
announced
.
There
was
much
celebration
when
the
results
were
announced
.
β’
Music
and
dancing
are
forms
of
celebration
in
many
cultures
.
Music
and
dancing
are
forms
of
celebration
in
many
cultures
.
From
Latin
celebratioΜ
,
same
as
Sense
1
.
inspiration
noun
a
sudden
clever
idea
or
strong
feeling
that
makes
you
want
to
create
or
do
something
β’
While
sketching
in
the
park
,
Mia
felt
a
surge
of
inspiration
and
quickly
drew
a
new
character
.
While
sketching
in
the
park
,
Mia
felt
a
surge
of
inspiration
and
quickly
drew
a
new
character
.
β’
The
chef
found
bold
inspiration
in
the
colorful
piles
of
peppers
and
herbs
at
the
farmers'
market
.
The
chef
found
bold
inspiration
in
the
colorful
piles
of
peppers
and
herbs
at
the
farmers'
market
.
from
Latin
β
inspirare
β
meaning
β
breathe
into
β
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
makes
you
want
to
do
something
better
or
be
creative
β’
Grandma
,
who
learned
to
surf
at
70
,
is
an
inspiration
to
the
whole
family
.
Grandma
,
who
learned
to
surf
at
70
,
is
an
inspiration
to
the
whole
family
.
β’
The
Paralympic
athletes
are
a
powerful
inspiration
for
young
people
everywhere
.
The
Paralympic
athletes
are
a
powerful
inspiration
for
young
people
everywhere
.
same
root
as
sense
1
,
but
used
for
a
person
or
thing
that
β
breathes
life
β
into
effort
noun
-
inspiration
the
act
of
drawing
air
into
the
lungs
;
inhalation
β’
During
deep
breathing
exercises
,
slow
inspiration
fills
the
lungs
with
fresh
air
.
During
deep
breathing
exercises
,
slow
inspiration
fills
the
lungs
with
fresh
air
.
β’
The
doctor
listened
to
the
patient
β
s
chest
during
inspiration
and
heard
clear
airflow
.
The
doctor
listened
to
the
patient
β
s
chest
during
inspiration
and
heard
clear
airflow
.
adopted
in
anatomy
to
keep
the
original
Latin
sense
of
β
breathing
in
β
frustration
noun
-
frustration
a
feeling
of
anger
,
disappointment
,
or
worry
because
you
cannot
do
or
achieve
something
β’
After
trying
to
open
the
stuck
jar
for
ten
minutes
,
Leo
groaned
in
frustration
.
After
trying
to
open
the
stuck
jar
for
ten
minutes
,
Leo
groaned
in
frustration
.
β’
Sofia
slammed
her
laptop
shut
in
sheer
frustration
when
the
internet
dropped
during
her
video
call
.
Sofia
slammed
her
laptop
shut
in
sheer
frustration
when
the
internet
dropped
during
her
video
call
.
From
Latin
frustratio
β
disappointment
,
deceit
β,
from
frustra
β
in
vain
,
for
nothing
β.
noun
something
that
makes
you
feel
annoyed
because
it
stops
you
from
succeeding
or
feeling
satisfied
β’
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
cafΓ©
.
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
cafΓ©
.
β’
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
noun
-
frustration
the
act
of
preventing
a
plan
,
effort
,
or
desire
from
being
achieved
β’
The
sudden
storm
resulted
in
the
frustration
of
their
rescue
mission
.
The
sudden
storm
resulted
in
the
frustration
of
their
rescue
mission
.
β’
The
walls
were
built
for
the
complete
frustration
of
any
attack
.
The
walls
were
built
for
the
complete
frustration
of
any
attack
.
demonstration
noun
the
act
of
clearly
showing
or
explaining
how
something
works
or
how
to
do
something
β’
The
science
teacher
gave
a
demonstration
of
the
volcano
experiment
,
and
the
students
cheered
when
it
erupted
.
The
science
teacher
gave
a
demonstration
of
the
volcano
experiment
,
and
the
students
cheered
when
it
erupted
.
β’
Before
using
the
new
coffeemaker
,
Marco
watched
an
online
demonstration
to
understand
all
the
buttons
.
Before
using
the
new
coffeemaker
,
Marco
watched
an
online
demonstration
to
understand
all
the
buttons
.
Late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
demonstratio
β
pointing
out
,
proof
β,
from
demonstrare
β
to
point
out
,
show
β.
noun
a
public
gathering
of
people
marching
or
standing
together
to
show
their
support
for
or
protest
against
something
β’
Thousands
joined
the
peaceful
demonstration
calling
for
cleaner
air
in
the
city
center
.
Thousands
joined
the
peaceful
demonstration
calling
for
cleaner
air
in
the
city
center
.
β’
Police
redirected
traffic
to
make
space
for
the
demonstration
outside
the
parliament
building
.
Police
redirected
traffic
to
make
space
for
the
demonstration
outside
the
parliament
building
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
sense
1
;
political
use
emerged
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
public
shows
of
opinion
.
noun
something
that
clearly
proves
a
fact
or
shows
that
a
statement
is
true
β’
Her
quick
recovery
was
a
strong
demonstration
of
the
benefits
of
regular
exercise
.
Her
quick
recovery
was
a
strong
demonstration
of
the
benefits
of
regular
exercise
.
β’
The
experiment
provided
clear
demonstration
that
plants
grow
faster
under
blue
light
.
The
experiment
provided
clear
demonstration
that
plants
grow
faster
under
blue
light
.
From
Latin
demonstratio
β
proof
β,
emphasizing
the
idea
of
showing
something
to
be
true
.