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roughly
adverb
about
,
not
exactly
but
close
in
amount
,
size
,
or
time
•
The
drive
takes
roughly
thirty
minutes
,
depending
on
traffic
.
The
drive
takes
roughly
thirty
minutes
,
depending
on
traffic
.
•
There
were
roughly
fifty
guests
at
the
wedding
reception
.
There
were
roughly
fifty
guests
at
the
wedding
reception
.
From
the
adverbial
use
of
rough
+
-ly
,
first
attested
in
the
15th
century
,
meaning
“
in
a
rough
manner
,”
later
developing
the
sense
“
approximately
.”
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
not
gentle
;
harshly
or
violently
•
The
guard
grabbed
the
thief
roughly
by
the
arm
.
The
guard
grabbed
the
thief
roughly
by
the
arm
.
•
Storm
waves
battered
the
boat
roughly
all
night
long
.
Storm
waves
battered
the
boat
roughly
all
night
long
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
this
is
the
earlier
literal
meaning
of
acting
in
a
rough
manner
.
adverb
without
much
detail
,
care
,
or
finish
;
crudely
•
She
sketched
the
design
roughly
before
starting
the
final
draft
.
She
sketched
the
design
roughly
before
starting
the
final
draft
.
•
The
path
was
only
roughly
cleared
,
with
branches
still
scattered
everywhere
.
The
path
was
only
roughly
cleared
,
with
branches
still
scattered
everywhere
.
Extension
of
the
sense
“
in
a
rough
manner
”
to
craftsmanship
and
prose
,
appearing
in
the
17th
century
.
thoroughly
adverb
in
a
careful
and
detailed
way
so
that
nothing
is
missed
or
left
incomplete
•
The
detective
examined
the
crime
scene
thoroughly
,
looking
for
the
smallest
clue
.
The
detective
examined
the
crime
scene
thoroughly
,
looking
for
the
smallest
clue
.
•
Before
baking
the
cake
,
she
mixed
the
batter
thoroughly
to
avoid
lumps
.
Before
baking
the
cake
,
she
mixed
the
batter
thoroughly
to
avoid
lumps
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
thorough
” (
Middle
English
)
plus
the
adverb-forming
suffix
“
-ly
.”
Originally
meant
“
from
end
to
end
,
completely
.”
adverb
completely
;
to
a
very
great
degree
•
I
was
thoroughly
impressed
by
her
piano
performance
.
I
was
thoroughly
impressed
by
her
piano
performance
.
•
He
felt
thoroughly
exhausted
after
running
the
marathon
.
He
felt
thoroughly
exhausted
after
running
the
marathon
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
‘
thorough
’
+
‘
-ly
’,
with
later
extension
to
intensifier
meaning
.