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city
noun
-
city
,
cities
a
large
town
where
many
people
live
and
work
,
with
its
own
local
government
β’
Tokyo
is
a
huge
city
filled
with
lights
and
people
.
Tokyo
is
a
huge
city
filled
with
lights
and
people
.
β’
After
growing
up
in
a
village
,
Maria
was
amazed
by
everything
the
city
offered
.
After
growing
up
in
a
village
,
Maria
was
amazed
by
everything
the
city
offered
.
noun
-
city
,
cities
the
local
government
of
a
city
considered
as
an
organization
β’
The
city
repaired
the
broken
streetlights
within
a
week
.
The
city
repaired
the
broken
streetlights
within
a
week
.
β’
Residents
asked
the
city
to
build
more
bike
lanes
.
Residents
asked
the
city
to
build
more
bike
lanes
.
party
noun
-
party
,
parties
a
social
gathering
of
people
invited
together
for
fun
,
often
with
music
,
food
,
and
drink
.
β’
After
the
exams
,
Emma
threw
a
huge
party
for
her
friends
in
her
backyard
.
After
the
exams
,
Emma
threw
a
huge
party
for
her
friends
in
her
backyard
.
β’
Everyone
brought
their
favorite
dish
to
the
neighborhood
block
party
.
Everyone
brought
their
favorite
dish
to
the
neighborhood
block
party
.
From
Old
French
β
partie
β
meaning
β
group
of
people
β,
later
evolving
in
English
to
mean
a
gathering
for
social
enjoyment
.
noun
-
party
,
parties
an
organized
group
of
people
with
shared
political
ideas
that
tries
to
gain
or
keep
power
through
elections
.
β’
She
joined
the
Green
Party
because
of
its
environmental
policies
.
She
joined
the
Green
Party
because
of
its
environmental
policies
.
β’
The
ruling
party
lost
several
seats
in
the
recent
election
.
The
ruling
party
lost
several
seats
in
the
recent
election
.
Political
sense
developed
in
the
late
17th
century
from
the
idea
of
a
β
side
β
or
β
faction
β
in
disputes
.
noun
-
party
,
parties
a
group
of
people
who
do
something
together
,
especially
traveling
or
working
as
a
unit
.
β’
A
rescue
party
set
out
at
dawn
to
search
for
the
missing
hikers
.
A
rescue
party
set
out
at
dawn
to
search
for
the
missing
hikers
.
β’
Our
tour
party
will
meet
the
guide
in
the
hotel
lobby
at
8
a
.
m
.
Our
tour
party
will
meet
the
guide
in
the
hotel
lobby
at
8
a
.
m
.
From
Middle
English
meaning
β
division
β
or
β
side
β,
later
applied
to
groups
acting
together
.
verb
-
party
,
partying
,
parties
,
partied
to
enjoy
oneself
socially
with
music
,
food
,
drink
,
or
dancing
,
especially
late
at
night
.
β’
They
partied
all
night
after
the
big
win
.
They
partied
all
night
after
the
big
win
.
β’
On
vacation
we
plan
to
party
until
the
sun
comes
up
.
On
vacation
we
plan
to
party
until
the
sun
comes
up
.
Verb
use
emerged
in
the
20th
century
from
the
noun
meaning
β
social
event
β.
noun
-
party
,
parties
one
of
the
people
or
groups
involved
in
a
legal
case
,
contract
,
or
formal
agreement
.
β’
The
contract
requires
each
party
to
keep
the
information
confidential
.
The
contract
requires
each
party
to
keep
the
information
confidential
.
β’
If
either
party
breaks
the
agreement
,
the
case
will
go
to
court
.
If
either
party
breaks
the
agreement
,
the
case
will
go
to
court
.
Legal
use
stems
from
the
15th-century
sense
of
β
side
in
a
dispute
β.
community
noun
-
community
,
communities
the
people
who
live
in
the
same
area
and
share
local
services
,
activities
,
and
responsibilities
β’
Our
small
community
holds
an
outdoor
market
every
Saturday
.
Our
small
community
holds
an
outdoor
market
every
Saturday
.
β’
The
coastal
community
rebuilt
quickly
after
the
storm
.
The
coastal
community
rebuilt
quickly
after
the
storm
.
noun
-
community
,
communities
a
group
of
people
who
share
a
common
interest
,
profession
,
or
identity
,
even
if
they
live
in
different
places
β’
The
online
gaming
community
organized
a
charity
livestream
.
The
online
gaming
community
organized
a
charity
livestream
.
β’
Scientists
in
the
medical
community
welcomed
the
new
discovery
.
Scientists
in
the
medical
community
welcomed
the
new
discovery
.
university
noun
-
university
,
universities
a
place
of
higher
education
where
students
study
for
degrees
and
where
academic
research
is
carried
out
β’
Maria
hopes
to
get
a
scholarship
to
study
at
university
next
year
.
Maria
hopes
to
get
a
scholarship
to
study
at
university
next
year
.
β’
Harvard
University
is
famous
around
the
world
.
Harvard
University
is
famous
around
the
world
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
universite
,
from
Latin
universitas
β
the
whole
,
a
corporate
body
β,
later
β
society
,
guild
β,
from
universus
β
whole
β (
see
universe
).
noun
-
university
,
universities
the
period
of
life
during
which
someone
studies
as
a
student
at
a
university
β’
Olivia
made
many
lifelong
friends
at
university
.
Olivia
made
many
lifelong
friends
at
university
.
β’
After
university
,
he
moved
to
London
to
start
his
career
.
After
university
,
he
moved
to
London
to
start
his
career
.
security
noun
-
security
,
securities
property
or
money
given
or
promised
to
guarantee
that
a
debt
will
be
paid
β’
The
bank
asked
for
the
house
as
security
for
the
loan
.
The
bank
asked
for
the
house
as
security
for
the
loan
.
β’
She
deposited
jewelry
as
security
against
possible
losses
.
She
deposited
jewelry
as
security
against
possible
losses
.
noun
-
security
,
securities
a
tradable
financial
instrument
such
as
a
stock
,
bond
,
or
option
β’
Investors
bought
government
securities
with
low
risk
.
Investors
bought
government
securities
with
low
risk
.
β’
Each
security
in
her
portfolio
paid
quarterly
dividends
.
Each
security
in
her
portfolio
paid
quarterly
dividends
.
pretty
adjective
-
pretty
,
prettier
,
prettiest
pleasing
to
look
at
;
attractive
in
a
delicate
or
charming
way
β’
The
garden
is
full
of
pretty
flowers
in
spring
.
The
garden
is
full
of
pretty
flowers
in
spring
.
β’
She
wore
a
pretty
dress
to
the
party
.
She
wore
a
pretty
dress
to
the
party
.
Old
English
β
prættig
β
meaning
β
cunning
,
skillful
β;
later
shifted
to
β
pleasing
to
the
eye
β.
adjective
-
pretty
,
prettier
,
prettiest
attractive
in
a
delicate
or
pleasant
way
,
especially
in
a
light
,
simple
,
or
graceful
sense
β’
The
garden
was
full
of
pretty
pink
roses
.
The
garden
was
full
of
pretty
pink
roses
.
β’
She
wore
a
pretty
summer
dress
to
the
picnic
.
She
wore
a
pretty
summer
dress
to
the
picnic
.
Old
English
β
prættig
β
meaning
β
clever
,
crafty
β,
which
gradually
shifted
in
Middle
English
to
describe
something
pleasing
to
look
at
.
adjective
-
pretty
,
prettier
,
prettiest
large
or
significant
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
β’
Fixing
the
car
is
going
to
cost
a
pretty
penny
.
Fixing
the
car
is
going
to
cost
a
pretty
penny
.
β’
That's
a
pretty
big
storm
heading
our
way
.
That's
a
pretty
big
storm
heading
our
way
.
A
figurative
broadening
of
the
original
adjective
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
,
to
mean
β
commendable
β
and
later
β
sizeable
.β
noun
-
pretty
,
pretties
an
object
or
person
that
is
attractive
or
pleasing
to
look
at
,
often
small
or
decorative
β’
Grandma
keeps
all
the
little
pretties
she
collects
on
a
glass
shelf
.
Grandma
keeps
all
the
little
pretties
she
collects
on
a
glass
shelf
.
β’
The
necklace
was
her
favorite
pretty
.
The
necklace
was
her
favorite
pretty
.
Extension
of
the
adjective
to
noun
use
in
the
18th
century
,
referring
to
any
small
decorative
item
that
is
β
pretty
.β
society
noun
-
society
,
societies
people
in
general
living
together
in
organized
communities
,
sharing
laws
,
traditions
,
and
ways
of
life
β’
A
safe
society
depends
on
everyone
respecting
the
law
.
A
safe
society
depends
on
everyone
respecting
the
law
.
β’
Advances
in
technology
can
change
society
very
quickly
.
Advances
in
technology
can
change
society
very
quickly
.
From
Latin
societΔs
β
fellowship
,
association
,β
from
socius
β
companion
.β
noun
-
society
,
societies
an
officially
organized
group
of
people
with
a
particular
purpose
or
interest
β’
He
joined
the
local
historical
society
to
learn
more
about
the
town
.
He
joined
the
local
historical
society
to
learn
more
about
the
town
.
β’
The
Royal
Horticultural
Society
holds
a
famous
flower
show
every
year
.
The
Royal
Horticultural
Society
holds
a
famous
flower
show
every
year
.
noun
-
society
,
societies
a
particular
group
of
people
who
share
the
same
territory
,
culture
,
or
set
of
rules
β’
Japan
is
often
described
as
a
homogeneous
society
.
Japan
is
often
described
as
a
homogeneous
society
.
β’
A
multicultural
society
benefits
from
a
mix
of
traditions
.
A
multicultural
society
benefits
from
a
mix
of
traditions
.
noun
-
society
,
societies
the
wealthy
,
fashionable
social
class
,
especially
when
seen
as
a
group
that
attends
formal
events
β’
The
charity
gala
attracted
members
of
society
from
across
the
country
.
The
charity
gala
attracted
members
of
society
from
across
the
country
.
β’
She
married
into
society
after
meeting
a
billionaire
at
university
.
She
married
into
society
after
meeting
a
billionaire
at
university
.
activity
noun
-
activity
,
activities
something
that
people
do
for
enjoyment
,
learning
,
or
a
particular
purpose
β’
The
children
chose
painting
as
their
favorite
activity
at
camp
.
The
children
chose
painting
as
their
favorite
activity
at
camp
.
β’
On
rainy
days
,
reading
stories
together
is
a
relaxing
activity
for
our
family
.
On
rainy
days
,
reading
stories
together
is
a
relaxing
activity
for
our
family
.
noun
-
activity
,
activities
a
state
of
busy
movement
or
many
things
happening
β’
There
was
a
lot
of
activity
in
the
market
as
vendors
set
up
their
stalls
.
There
was
a
lot
of
activity
in
the
market
as
vendors
set
up
their
stalls
.
β’
Police
officers
noticed
unusual
activity
outside
the
bank
late
at
night
.
Police
officers
noticed
unusual
activity
outside
the
bank
late
at
night
.
noun
-
activity
,
activities
actions
of
a
particular
kind
,
often
described
by
an
adjective
such
as
criminal
,
political
,
or
business
β’
The
police
increased
patrols
to
stop
gang
activity
in
the
area
.
The
police
increased
patrols
to
stop
gang
activity
in
the
area
.
β’
Fund-raising
activity
will
continue
until
the
charity
meets
its
goal
.
Fund-raising
activity
will
continue
until
the
charity
meets
its
goal
.
noun
-
activity
,
activities
the
natural
work
or
functioning
inside
something
,
such
as
a
volcano
,
the
brain
,
or
the
sun
β’
Scientists
monitor
volcanic
activity
to
predict
eruptions
.
Scientists
monitor
volcanic
activity
to
predict
eruptions
.
β’
The
scan
showed
increased
brain
activity
when
the
subject
solved
the
puzzle
.
The
scan
showed
increased
brain
activity
when
the
subject
solved
the
puzzle
.
reality
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
the
true
state
of
things
as
they
actually
exist
,
not
as
they
are
imagined
or
wished
for
β’
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
β’
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
realite
β,
from
medieval
Latin
β
realitas
β,
from
Latin
β
realis
β
meaning
β
relating
to
things
β.
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
a
real
fact
,
situation
,
or
experience
,
especially
one
of
several
kinds
or
examples
β’
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
β’
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
the
countable
use
evolved
in
the
17th
century
to
refer
to
specific
factual
situations
.
ability
noun
-
ability
,
abilities
,
able
,
abler
,
ablest
the
power
or
capacity
to
do
something
β’
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria
finally
gained
the
ability
to
swim
across
the
lake
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria
finally
gained
the
ability
to
swim
across
the
lake
.
β’
Smartphones
give
us
the
ability
to
communicate
instantly
with
people
around
the
world
.
Smartphones
give
us
the
ability
to
communicate
instantly
with
people
around
the
world
.
From
Latin
β
habilitas
β
meaning
β
aptitude
β
via
Old
French
β
abilite
β.
noun
-
ability
,
abilities
,
able
,
abler
,
ablest
a
particular
skill
or
talent
that
someone
has
β’
Her
musical
ability
amazed
the
entire
audience
at
the
concert
.
Her
musical
ability
amazed
the
entire
audience
at
the
concert
.
β’
Drawing
is
an
ability
that
improves
with
regular
practice
.
Drawing
is
an
ability
that
improves
with
regular
practice
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Latin
root
meaning
β
able
β.
opportunity
noun
-
opportunity
,
opportunities
a
time
or
situation
that
makes
it
possible
to
do
something
you
want
or
need
β’
The
sunny
weekend
gave
us
the
perfect
opportunity
to
paint
the
fence
.
The
sunny
weekend
gave
us
the
perfect
opportunity
to
paint
the
fence
.
β’
During
the
lunch
break
,
Mia
saw
an
opportunity
to
ask
her
teacher
for
extra
help
.
During
the
lunch
break
,
Mia
saw
an
opportunity
to
ask
her
teacher
for
extra
help
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
opportunite
,
from
Latin
opportunitas
"
fitness
,
convenience
",
from
opportunus
"
suitable
,
favorable
".
noun
-
opportunity
,
opportunities
a
chance
to
get
a
job
,
promotion
,
or
other
career
advancement
β’
The
company
newsletter
listed
an
opportunity
for
a
marketing
internship
this
summer
.
The
company
newsletter
listed
an
opportunity
for
a
marketing
internship
this
summer
.
β’
After
years
on
the
factory
floor
,
Jamal
finally
got
the
opportunity
to
become
a
supervisor
.
After
years
on
the
factory
floor
,
Jamal
finally
got
the
opportunity
to
become
a
supervisor
.
property
noun
-
property
,
properties
something
that
a
person
or
organization
owns
and
has
the
legal
right
to
use
,
keep
,
or
sell
β’
A
burglar
was
caught
carrying
bags
of
stolen
property
down
the
street
.
A
burglar
was
caught
carrying
bags
of
stolen
property
down
the
street
.
β’
Please
do
not
touch
other
people's
property
without
permission
.
Please
do
not
touch
other
people's
property
without
permission
.
From
Middle
English
propretee
,
from
Old
French
propriete
,
from
Latin
proprietas
β
ownership
,
peculiarity
,β
from
proprius
β
one
β
s
own
.β
noun
-
property
,
properties
land
and
the
buildings
on
it
,
considered
as
real
estate
β’
They
bought
a
lakeside
property
as
a
vacation
home
.
They
bought
a
lakeside
property
as
a
vacation
home
.
β’
The
agent
showed
us
several
properties
in
the
city
center
.
The
agent
showed
us
several
properties
in
the
city
center
.
noun
-
property
,
properties
a
quality
or
characteristic
that
something
has
β’
One
useful
property
of
copper
is
that
it
conducts
electricity
well
.
One
useful
property
of
copper
is
that
it
conducts
electricity
well
.
β’
Flexibility
is
an
important
property
of
good
leather
.
Flexibility
is
an
important
property
of
good
leather
.
noun
-
property
,
properties
an
object
used
by
actors
on
stage
or
in
a
film
,
also
called
a
prop
β’
The
sword
on
stage
is
only
a
property
,
not
a
real
weapon
.
The
sword
on
stage
is
only
a
property
,
not
a
real
weapon
.
β’
Stagehands
set
every
property
in
place
before
the
curtain
rose
.
Stagehands
set
every
property
in
place
before
the
curtain
rose
.
noun
-
property
,
properties
a
named
value
or
attribute
that
stores
information
about
an
object
or
element
in
computer
programs
or
digital
documents
β’
Change
the
backgroundColor
property
to
blue
in
the
code
.
Change
the
backgroundColor
property
to
blue
in
the
code
.
β’
Each
user
object
has
a
name
property
and
an
ID
number
.
Each
user
object
has
a
name
property
and
an
ID
number
.
county
noun
-
county
,
counties
an
area
within
a
country
that
has
its
own
local
government
β’
Jackson
lives
in
the
northern
part
of
the
county
near
the
river
.
Jackson
lives
in
the
northern
part
of
the
county
near
the
river
.
β’
The
county
built
a
new
bridge
to
connect
the
two
towns
.
The
county
built
a
new
bridge
to
connect
the
two
towns
.
From
Middle
English
countie
,
borrowed
from
Anglo-French
counte
,
ultimately
from
Latin
comitΔtus
meaning
β
jurisdiction
of
a
count
β.
noun
-
county
,
counties
the
government
or
officials
of
a
county
,
spoken
of
as
a
single
unit
β’
The
county
has
announced
a
new
recycling
program
starting
next
month
.
The
county
has
announced
a
new
recycling
program
starting
next
month
.
β’
He
got
a
job
working
for
the
county
in
the
planning
office
.
He
got
a
job
working
for
the
county
in
the
planning
office
.
Derived
from
sense
of
β
county
β
as
a
governing
jurisdiction
;
extended
to
mean
the
administrative
body
itself
.
quality
noun
-
quality
,
qualities
a
characteristic
or
feature
that
someone
or
something
has
β’
Patience
is
an
essential
quality
for
a
good
doctor
.
Patience
is
an
essential
quality
for
a
good
doctor
.
β’
The
metal
has
the
unusual
quality
of
changing
color
in
sunlight
.
The
metal
has
the
unusual
quality
of
changing
color
in
sunlight
.
authority
noun
-
authority
,
authorities
an
official
organization
or
group
of
people
that
has
the
power
to
enforce
rules
or
laws
β’
The
health
authority
issued
new
safety
guidelines
.
The
health
authority
issued
new
safety
guidelines
.
β’
Local
authorities
closed
the
park
because
of
flooding
.
Local
authorities
closed
the
park
because
of
flooding
.
Sense
developed
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
as
governments
formalized
bodies
with
specific
powers
.
noun
-
authority
,
authorities
the
power
or
right
to
direct
other
people
and
make
decisions
that
must
be
obeyed
β’
The
teacher
has
authority
over
the
classroom
.
The
teacher
has
authority
over
the
classroom
.
β’
During
the
storm
,
the
mayor
used
her
emergency
authority
to
close
the
roads
.
During
the
storm
,
the
mayor
used
her
emergency
authority
to
close
the
roads
.
Middle
English
auctorite
,
from
Old
French
auctoritΓ©
,
from
Latin
auctoritas
β
invention
,
advice
,
opinion
,
influence
β,
from
auctor
β
originator
,
promoter
β.
noun
-
authority
,
authorities
a
person
who
is
accepted
as
an
expert
on
a
subject
β’
Dr
.
Chen
is
an
authority
on
marine
biology
.
Dr
.
Chen
is
an
authority
on
marine
biology
.
β’
The
book
is
considered
the
leading
authority
on
medieval
architecture
.
The
book
is
considered
the
leading
authority
on
medieval
architecture
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
β
power
β
to
someone
whose
knowledge
carries
weight
and
commands
respect
.
majority
noun
-
majority
,
majorities
More
than
half
of
the
people
or
things
in
a
group
.
β’
The
majority
of
students
chose
pizza
for
lunch
.
The
majority
of
students
chose
pizza
for
lunch
.
β’
A
tour
guide
explained
that
the
majority
of
desert
animals
come
out
after
dark
.
A
tour
guide
explained
that
the
majority
of
desert
animals
come
out
after
dark
.
From
Latin
maioritas
β
greater
number
β,
from
maior
β
greater
β.
noun
-
majority
,
majorities
The
number
of
votes
by
which
the
winner
β
s
total
is
greater
than
the
runner-up
β
s
.
β’
She
won
the
election
with
a
majority
of
500
votes
.
She
won
the
election
with
a
majority
of
500
votes
.
β’
The
reporter
announced
that
the
mayor
β
s
majority
had
increased
since
last
year
.
The
reporter
announced
that
the
mayor
β
s
majority
had
increased
since
last
year
.
Sense
developed
in
18th-century
parliamentary
usage
,
extending
the
idea
of
β
greater
number
β
to
the
numerical
margin
itself
.
noun
-
majority
,
majorities
The
age
at
which
a
person
is
legally
considered
an
adult
.
β’
At
18
,
she
reached
the
age
of
majority
and
could
vote
.
At
18
,
she
reached
the
age
of
majority
and
could
vote
.
β’
In
some
countries
,
majority
begins
at
21
.
In
some
countries
,
majority
begins
at
21
.
Sense
dates
from
late
Middle
English
legal
jargon
,
using
majority
to
contrast
with
minority
(
being
underage
).
safety
noun
-
safety
,
safeties
a
device
or
feature
that
prevents
accidents
or
makes
equipment
work
only
under
secure
conditions
β’
He
forgot
to
switch
off
the
gun
β
s
safety
before
aiming
at
the
target
on
the
range
.
He
forgot
to
switch
off
the
gun
β
s
safety
before
aiming
at
the
target
on
the
range
.
β’
The
blender
will
not
start
until
its
lid
safety
is
locked
in
place
.
The
blender
will
not
start
until
its
lid
safety
is
locked
in
place
.
noun
-
safety
,
safeties
in
American
football
,
a
play
in
which
the
offensive
team
is
tackled
,
loses
the
ball
,
or
commits
a
foul
in
its
own
end
zone
,
giving
the
defensive
team
two
points
β’
The
crowd
roared
when
the
linebacker
forced
a
safety
in
the
fourth
quarter
.
The
crowd
roared
when
the
linebacker
forced
a
safety
in
the
fourth
quarter
.
β’
A
bad
snap
flew
over
the
quarterback
β
s
head
and
out
of
the
end
zone
for
a
safety
.
A
bad
snap
flew
over
the
quarterback
β
s
head
and
out
of
the
end
zone
for
a
safety
.
noun
-
safety
,
safeties
in
American
football
,
a
defensive
back
who
plays
deep
behind
the
other
defenders
and
protects
against
long
passes
β’
The
experienced
safety
read
the
play
perfectly
and
intercepted
the
pass
.
The
experienced
safety
read
the
play
perfectly
and
intercepted
the
pass
.
β’
She
dreams
of
becoming
a
starting
safety
on
her
college
team
.
She
dreams
of
becoming
a
starting
safety
on
her
college
team
.
variety
noun
-
variety
,
varieties
a
particular
type
or
kind
of
something
within
a
larger
group
β’
This
new
variety
of
tomato
grows
well
in
cold
weather
.
This
new
variety
of
tomato
grows
well
in
cold
weather
.
β’
Scientists
discovered
a
rare
variety
of
butterfly
in
the
rainforest
.
Scientists
discovered
a
rare
variety
of
butterfly
in
the
rainforest
.
noun
-
variety
,
varieties
in
botany
,
a
rank
below
species
that
groups
plants
showing
small
but
stable
differences
from
the
main
species
β’
Botanists
identified
a
drought-tolerant
variety
of
oak
in
the
desert
.
Botanists
identified
a
drought-tolerant
variety
of
oak
in
the
desert
.
β’
This
pink-flowered
variety
of
hydrangea
is
popular
among
gardeners
.
This
pink-flowered
variety
of
hydrangea
is
popular
among
gardeners
.
possibility
noun
-
possibility
,
possibilities
the
chance
that
something
may
happen
or
be
true
β’
There
is
a
real
possibility
of
rain
this
afternoon
.
There
is
a
real
possibility
of
rain
this
afternoon
.
β’
The
doctor
mentioned
the
possibility
of
surgery
if
the
pain
gets
worse
.
The
doctor
mentioned
the
possibility
of
surgery
if
the
pain
gets
worse
.
noun
-
possibility
,
possibilities
one
choice
or
course
of
action
that
might
be
taken
out
of
several
β’
We
considered
every
possibility
before
making
our
decision
.
We
considered
every
possibility
before
making
our
decision
.
β’
Moving
abroad
is
one
possibility
I'm
seriously
thinking
about
.
Moving
abroad
is
one
possibility
I'm
seriously
thinking
about
.
noun
-
possibility
,
possibilities
the
state
of
being
able
to
develop
,
improve
,
or
achieve
something
in
the
future
β’
The
new
microscope
opened
up
a
whole
world
of
possibility
in
medical
research
.
The
new
microscope
opened
up
a
whole
world
of
possibility
in
medical
research
.
β’
He
looked
at
the
empty
field
and
saw
nothing
but
possibility
.
He
looked
at
the
empty
field
and
saw
nothing
but
possibility
.
responsibility
noun
-
responsibility
,
responsibilities
a
duty
or
task
that
someone
is
required
or
expected
to
do
β’
Locking
the
doors
every
night
is
your
responsibility
,
not
mine
.
Locking
the
doors
every
night
is
your
responsibility
,
not
mine
.
β’
Parents
have
the
responsibility
to
keep
their
children
safe
near
the
busy
road
.
Parents
have
the
responsibility
to
keep
their
children
safe
near
the
busy
road
.
noun
-
responsibility
,
responsibilities
the
state
or
position
of
having
authority
and
being
in
charge
of
something
β’
After
the
merger
,
Elena
took
full
responsibility
for
the
European
market
.
After
the
merger
,
Elena
took
full
responsibility
for
the
European
market
.
β’
The
Ministry
of
Health
has
responsibility
for
hospitals
and
clinics
nationwide
.
The
Ministry
of
Health
has
responsibility
for
hospitals
and
clinics
nationwide
.
noun
-
responsibility
,
responsibilities
the
quality
of
being
reliable
and
making
good
decisions
β’
Driving
a
car
requires
a
high
level
of
responsibility
.
Driving
a
car
requires
a
high
level
of
responsibility
.
β’
She
showed
great
responsibility
when
she
returned
the
lost
wallet
to
its
owner
.
She
showed
great
responsibility
when
she
returned
the
lost
wallet
to
its
owner
.
from
Latin
responsum
β
answer
,
promise
β
+
βbility
,
patterned
after
words
like
β
ability
β
facility
noun
-
facility
,
facilities
a
building
,
area
,
or
large
piece
of
equipment
that
is
made
for
a
particular
activity
or
service
β’
The
city
built
a
new
sports
facility
with
swimming
pools
and
tennis
courts
.
The
city
built
a
new
sports
facility
with
swimming
pools
and
tennis
courts
.
β’
Our
company
tour
includes
a
visit
to
the
manufacturing
facility
outside
town
.
Our
company
tour
includes
a
visit
to
the
manufacturing
facility
outside
town
.
From
Latin
facilitas
β
easiness
,
readiness
,β
via
French
facilitΓ©
,
later
referring
to
equipment
or
places
that
make
work
easier
.
noun
-
facility
,
facilities
equipment
,
services
,
or
conveniences
that
make
it
easy
for
people
to
do
something
,
usually
talked
about
in
the
plural
β’
The
hotel
offers
laundry
facilities
for
guests
who
need
to
wash
clothes
.
The
hotel
offers
laundry
facilities
for
guests
who
need
to
wash
clothes
.
β’
Students
complained
that
the
library
β
s
printing
facilities
were
always
busy
during
exam
week
.
Students
complained
that
the
library
β
s
printing
facilities
were
always
busy
during
exam
week
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
β
something
that
makes
a
task
easy
,β
extending
to
the
concrete
things
that
provide
convenience
.
noun
-
facility
,
facilities
an
ability
to
do
something
easily
and
well
β’
She
has
a
remarkable
facility
for
learning
new
languages
quickly
.
She
has
a
remarkable
facility
for
learning
new
languages
quickly
.
β’
His
facility
with
numbers
made
him
a
natural
accountant
.
His
facility
with
numbers
made
him
a
natural
accountant
.
Borrowed
from
French
facilitΓ©
β
ease
,β
originally
Latin
facilitas
.
The
meaning
of
innate
skill
appeared
in
English
in
the
1600s
.
identity
noun
-
identity
,
identities
the
set
of
qualities
,
beliefs
,
or
characteristics
that
makes
a
person
or
group
different
from
others
and
recognizably
themselves
β’
After
moving
to
a
new
city
,
Maria
struggled
to
find
her
own
identity
.
After
moving
to
a
new
city
,
Maria
struggled
to
find
her
own
identity
.
β’
Many
teenagers
experiment
with
fashion
and
music
to
express
their
identity
.
Many
teenagers
experiment
with
fashion
and
music
to
express
their
identity
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
French
identitΓ©
,
from
Latin
identitas
,
from
idem
β
same
β.
noun
-
identity
,
identities
official
information
or
documents
that
prove
who
a
person
is
β’
Please
show
photo
proof
of
identity
before
boarding
the
plane
.
Please
show
photo
proof
of
identity
before
boarding
the
plane
.
β’
The
bank
requires
two
forms
of
identity
to
open
an
account
.
The
bank
requires
two
forms
of
identity
to
open
an
account
.
noun
-
identity
,
identities
the
state
of
being
exactly
the
same
as
something
or
someone
else
;
complete
sameness
β’
The
scientist
questioned
the
identity
of
the
two
samples
that
looked
alike
.
The
scientist
questioned
the
identity
of
the
two
samples
that
looked
alike
.
β’
Police
confirmed
the
identity
of
the
fingerprints
found
at
both
crime
scenes
.
Police
confirmed
the
identity
of
the
fingerprints
found
at
both
crime
scenes
.
noun
-
identity
,
identities
in
mathematics
,
an
equation
that
is
always
true
for
all
values
of
its
variables
,
or
an
element
that
leaves
another
element
unchanged
in
an
operation
β’
The
trigonometric
identity
sinΒ²ΞΈ
+
cosΒ²ΞΈ
=
1
is
useful
in
physics
.
The
trigonometric
identity
sinΒ²ΞΈ
+
cosΒ²ΞΈ
=
1
is
useful
in
physics
.
β’
Adding
zero
to
any
number
leaves
it
unchanged
because
zero
is
the
additive
identity
.
Adding
zero
to
any
number
leaves
it
unchanged
because
zero
is
the
additive
identity
.
tie
noun
a
long
,
narrow
piece
of
cloth
worn
around
the
neck
and
knotted
at
the
front
,
especially
with
a
shirt
β’
Dad
straightened
his
tie
in
the
mirror
before
leaving
for
work
.
Dad
straightened
his
tie
in
the
mirror
before
leaving
for
work
.
β’
The
private
school
requires
every
student
to
wear
a
striped
tie
with
their
uniform
.
The
private
school
requires
every
student
to
wear
a
striped
tie
with
their
uniform
.
From
Old
English
tΔag
,
meaning
β
cord
,
band
β,
later
developing
the
sense
of
a
band
worn
at
the
neck
.
verb
-
tie
,
tying
,
ties
,
tied
to
fasten
or
hold
something
with
string
,
rope
,
or
a
knot
β’
Please
tie
the
balloons
to
the
chair
so
they
don
β
t
float
away
.
Please
tie
the
balloons
to
the
chair
so
they
don
β
t
float
away
.
β’
She
forgot
to
tie
her
shoelaces
and
tripped
on
the
stairs
.
She
forgot
to
tie
her
shoelaces
and
tripped
on
the
stairs
.
Old
English
tΔ«gan
,
related
to
tΔag
β
band
β
and
Old
Norse
tjΓΊga
β
draw
together
β.
noun
a
long
,
narrow
piece
of
cloth
that
is
knotted
around
the
collar
of
a
shirt
and
hangs
down
the
front
as
an
item
of
formal
or
smart
clothing
.
β’
Daniel
straightened
his
silk
tie
before
the
job
interview
.
Daniel
straightened
his
silk
tie
before
the
job
interview
.
β’
At
the
wedding
,
every
guest
wore
a
colorful
tie
to
match
the
theme
.
At
the
wedding
,
every
guest
wore
a
colorful
tie
to
match
the
theme
.
from
Old
English
tΔ«gan
β
to
bind
β,
later
used
for
the
item
of
dress
in
the
17th
century
after
the
fashion
of
Croatian
mercenaries
β
neck
cloths
(
cravat
).
verb
-
tie
,
tying
,
ties
,
tied
to
fasten
or
hold
together
with
a
string
,
rope
,
or
knot
.
β’
Please
tie
the
package
with
this
red
ribbon
.
Please
tie
the
package
with
this
red
ribbon
.
β’
He
tied
the
boat
to
the
dock
before
the
storm
hit
.
He
tied
the
boat
to
the
dock
before
the
storm
hit
.
noun
a
game
,
contest
,
or
result
in
which
two
or
more
competitors
have
the
same
score
β’
The
soccer
match
ended
in
a
2β2
tie
.
The
soccer
match
ended
in
a
2β2
tie
.
β’
After
extra
time
,
the
teams
were
still
in
a
tie
.
After
extra
time
,
the
teams
were
still
in
a
tie
.
Sports
sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
earlier
meaning
β
connection
β,
extended
to
teams
being
tied
together
on
equal
points
.
verb
-
tie
,
tying
,
ties
,
tied
to
achieve
the
same
score
as
another
competitor
β’
Our
team
managed
to
tie
the
game
in
the
last
minute
.
Our
team
managed
to
tie
the
game
in
the
last
minute
.
β’
She
tied
with
her
rival
for
first
place
.
She
tied
with
her
rival
for
first
place
.
Verbal
sense
arose
from
the
noun
β
tie
β
meaning
β
deadlock
β,
first
recorded
in
the
late
1800s
in
American
sports
writing
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
two
or
more
competitors
finish
a
game
or
contest
with
the
same
score
or
result
.
β’
The
football
match
ended
in
a
2β2
tie
.
The
football
match
ended
in
a
2β2
tie
.
β’
There
was
a
tie
for
first
place
,
so
two
medals
were
awarded
.
There
was
a
tie
for
first
place
,
so
two
medals
were
awarded
.
verb
-
tie
,
tying
,
ties
,
tied
to
finish
a
game
or
competition
with
the
same
score
as
someone
else
.
β’
Both
teams
tied
3β3
after
extra
time
.
Both
teams
tied
3β3
after
extra
time
.
β’
We
can
still
tie
the
game
if
we
score
now
!
We
can
still
tie
the
game
if
we
score
now
!
noun
a
link
or
relationship
that
connects
people
,
places
,
or
things
β’
Family
ties
kept
him
from
moving
abroad
permanently
.
Family
ties
kept
him
from
moving
abroad
permanently
.
β’
The
festival
celebrates
the
cultural
ties
between
the
two
nations
.
The
festival
celebrates
the
cultural
ties
between
the
two
nations
.
Sense
evolved
from
literal
β
something
that
binds
β
to
figurative
β
connection
β
in
Middle
English
.
noun
something
that
connects
people
or
things
to
each
other
,
especially
emotional
,
social
,
or
family
relationships
.
β’
Strong
family
ties
helped
her
overcome
the
crisis
.
Strong
family
ties
helped
her
overcome
the
crisis
.
β’
Cultural
ties
between
the
two
countries
go
back
centuries
.
Cultural
ties
between
the
two
countries
go
back
centuries
.
verb
-
tie
,
tying
,
ties
,
tied
to
connect
or
link
something
closely
to
another
thing
or
idea
.
β’
Her
research
ties
air
pollution
to
rising
asthma
rates
.
Her
research
ties
air
pollution
to
rising
asthma
rates
.
β’
Cultural
festivals
tied
the
community
together
.
Cultural
festivals
tied
the
community
together
.
noun
a
heavy
wooden
or
concrete
beam
laid
crosswise
under
the
rails
of
a
railroad
track
β’
Workers
replaced
several
rotten
wooden
ties
along
the
track
.
Workers
replaced
several
rotten
wooden
ties
along
the
track
.
β’
Concrete
ties
last
longer
than
traditional
wooden
ones
.
Concrete
ties
last
longer
than
traditional
wooden
ones
.
American
railroad
usage
from
the
idea
of
β
binding
β
rails
together
,
first
recorded
mid-19th
century
.
noun
in
written
music
,
a
curved
line
connecting
two
notes
of
the
same
pitch
to
show
they
are
played
as
one
sustained
note
β’
The
composer
used
a
tie
to
carry
the
melody
across
the
bar
line
.
The
composer
used
a
tie
to
carry
the
melody
across
the
bar
line
.
β’
Beginners
often
confuse
a
slur
with
a
tie
when
sight-reading
.
Beginners
often
confuse
a
slur
with
a
tie
when
sight-reading
.
Adopted
in
music
notation
in
the
18th
century
,
metaphorically
β
binding
β
notes
together
.
noun
a
heavy
wooden
or
concrete
beam
placed
across
railroad
tracks
to
support
and
keep
the
rails
the
correct
distance
apart
;
a
sleeper
.
β’
Workers
replaced
rotten
railroad
ties
along
the
old
mountain
line
.
Workers
replaced
rotten
railroad
ties
along
the
old
mountain
line
.
β’
Concrete
ties
last
longer
than
traditional
wooden
ones
.
Concrete
ties
last
longer
than
traditional
wooden
ones
.
noun
a
scheduled
sports
match
,
especially
in
a
knock-out
competition
.
β’
The
cup
tie
against
Liverpool
will
be
played
on
Saturday
.
The
cup
tie
against
Liverpool
will
be
played
on
Saturday
.
β’
Fans
rushed
to
buy
tickets
for
the
quarter-final
tie
.
Fans
rushed
to
buy
tickets
for
the
quarter-final
tie
.
duty
noun
-
duty
,
duties
something
you
feel
you
must
do
because
of
law
,
your
job
,
or
moral
principles
β’
It's
a
soldier's
duty
to
protect
their
country
.
It's
a
soldier's
duty
to
protect
their
country
.
β’
She
felt
it
was
her
duty
to
tell
the
truth
,
even
if
it
hurt
.
She
felt
it
was
her
duty
to
tell
the
truth
,
even
if
it
hurt
.
noun
-
duty
,
duties
the
tasks
and
responsibilities
that
are
part
of
someone
β
s
job
or
role
β’
One
of
the
receptionist's
duties
is
to
answer
the
phone
politely
.
One
of
the
receptionist's
duties
is
to
answer
the
phone
politely
.
β’
The
nurse
went
off
duty
at
six
o'clock
.
The
nurse
went
off
duty
at
six
o'clock
.
noun
-
duty
,
duties
a
tax
that
must
be
paid
on
goods
brought
into
or
sold
inside
a
country
β’
You
must
pay
import
duty
on
that
expensive
watch
.
You
must
pay
import
duty
on
that
expensive
watch
.
β’
Customs
officers
calculated
the
duty
before
releasing
the
goods
.
Customs
officers
calculated
the
duty
before
releasing
the
goods
.
empty
adjective
-
empty
,
empties
,
emptying
,
emptied
,
emptier
,
emptiest
,
emptily
,
emptilier
,
emptiliest
containing
nothing
inside
;
not
filled
β’
The
glass
was
completely
empty
,
so
he
poured
more
water
into
it
.
The
glass
was
completely
empty
,
so
he
poured
more
water
into
it
.
β’
After
the
concert
,
the
empty
stadium
echoed
with
silence
.
After
the
concert
,
the
empty
stadium
echoed
with
silence
.
From
Old
French
β
emptie
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
*impan
meaning
to
take
.
verb
-
empty
,
emptying
,
empties
,
emptied
to
remove
all
the
contents
from
something
or
become
without
contents
β’
Could
you
empty
the
trash
can
before
guests
arrive
?
Could
you
empty
the
trash
can
before
guests
arrive
?
β’
He
emptied
his
pockets
and
placed
the
coins
on
the
table
.
He
emptied
his
pockets
and
placed
the
coins
on
the
table
.
Verb
use
from
earlier
adjective
sense
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
noun
-
empty
,
empties
a
bottle
,
can
,
or
other
container
that
has
no
contents
left
β’
The
bartender
collected
each
empty
and
stacked
them
behind
the
counter
.
The
bartender
collected
each
empty
and
stacked
them
behind
the
counter
.
β’
Please
rinse
every
empty
before
putting
it
in
the
recycling
bin
.
Please
rinse
every
empty
before
putting
it
in
the
recycling
bin
.
Noun
sense
arose
in
mid-20th
century
English
,
clipping
of
β
empty
bottle/can
.β
minority
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
the
smaller
number
or
part
of
a
whole
;
less
than
half
of
the
people
or
things
in
a
group
β’
Only
a
minority
of
voters
supported
the
proposal
.
Only
a
minority
of
voters
supported
the
proposal
.
β’
A
small
but
vocal
minority
wanted
the
project
delayed
.
A
small
but
vocal
minority
wanted
the
project
delayed
.
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
a
group
of
people
within
a
larger
population
that
differs
in
ethnicity
,
religion
,
language
,
or
another
characteristic
and
is
smaller
in
number
β’
The
museum
celebrates
the
culture
of
the
indigenous
minority
living
in
the
region
.
The
museum
celebrates
the
culture
of
the
indigenous
minority
living
in
the
region
.
β’
Ethnic
minorities
sometimes
struggle
for
equal
representation
.
Ethnic
minorities
sometimes
struggle
for
equal
representation
.
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
the
period
or
state
of
being
younger
than
the
age
at
which
a
person
is
legally
considered
an
adult
β’
He
inherited
the
estate
during
his
minority
,
so
a
guardian
managed
it
.
He
inherited
the
estate
during
his
minority
,
so
a
guardian
managed
it
.
β’
The
contract
is
void
because
she
was
in
her
minority
when
she
signed
it
.
The
contract
is
void
because
she
was
in
her
minority
when
she
signed
it
.
beauty
noun
-
beauty
,
beauties
the
pleasing
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
attractive
to
see
,
hear
,
or
think
about
β’
The
beauty
of
the
sunset
left
everyone
silent
.
The
beauty
of
the
sunset
left
everyone
silent
.
β’
He
stopped
to
admire
the
natural
beauty
of
the
mountain
valley
.
He
stopped
to
admire
the
natural
beauty
of
the
mountain
valley
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
beaute
,
from
Latin
bellus
β
pretty
,
handsome
β.
noun
-
beauty
,
beauties
a
person
,
especially
a
woman
,
who
is
very
attractive
β’
Everyone
turned
to
look
when
the
famous
beauty
entered
the
room
.
Everyone
turned
to
look
when
the
famous
beauty
entered
the
room
.
β’
Her
grandmother
was
considered
a
great
beauty
in
her
youth
.
Her
grandmother
was
considered
a
great
beauty
in
her
youth
.
noun
-
beauty
,
beauties
something
that
is
especially
good
,
impressive
,
or
well
made
β’
That
new
electric
guitar
is
a
real
beauty
.
That
new
electric
guitar
is
a
real
beauty
.
β’
The
mechanic
showed
me
an
old
car
engine
β
what
a
beauty
it
was
!
The
mechanic
showed
me
an
old
car
engine
β
what
a
beauty
it
was
!
guilty
adjective
-
guilty
,
guiltier
,
guiltiest
having
done
something
wrong
or
against
the
law
β’
The
jury
declared
the
suspect
guilty
after
reviewing
the
evidence
.
The
jury
declared
the
suspect
guilty
after
reviewing
the
evidence
.
β’
Security
cameras
proved
the
teenager
was
guilty
of
shoplifting
.
Security
cameras
proved
the
teenager
was
guilty
of
shoplifting
.
From
Old
English
gyltig
(β
offending
,
delinquent
β),
from
gylt
(β
crime
,
sin
β)
+β
-y
.
adjective
-
guilty
,
guiltier
,
guiltiest
feeling
ashamed
or
sorry
because
you
have
done
something
wrong
β’
Mia
felt
guilty
for
forgetting
her
best
friend's
birthday
.
Mia
felt
guilty
for
forgetting
her
best
friend's
birthday
.
β’
I
always
feel
guilty
when
I
eat
cake
late
at
night
.
I
always
feel
guilty
when
I
eat
cake
late
at
night
.
Same
origin
as
the
legal
sense
,
extended
to
the
feeling
of
having
done
wrong
.
capacity
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
maximum
amount
or
number
that
something
can
hold
,
produce
,
or
deal
with
β’
The
stadium
was
filled
to
capacity
for
the
final
match
.
The
stadium
was
filled
to
capacity
for
the
final
match
.
β’
This
bottle
has
a
capacity
of
two
liters
.
This
bottle
has
a
capacity
of
two
liters
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
ability
,
power
,
or
skill
to
do
,
feel
,
or
learn
something
β’
Maya
showed
an
impressive
capacity
for
solving
difficult
puzzles
.
Maya
showed
an
impressive
capacity
for
solving
difficult
puzzles
.
β’
After
the
accident
,
he
lost
the
capacity
to
move
his
left
arm
.
After
the
accident
,
he
lost
the
capacity
to
move
his
left
arm
.
From
Latin
capΔcitΔs
,
from
capax
"
able
to
hold
".
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
amount
of
power
,
energy
,
or
data
that
a
machine
,
device
,
or
system
can
produce
or
store
β’
This
battery
has
a
capacity
of
5
,
000
milliamp-hours
.
This
battery
has
a
capacity
of
5
,
000
milliamp-hours
.
β’
The
plant
will
double
its
production
capacity
next
year
.
The
plant
will
double
its
production
capacity
next
year
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
a
particular
official
role
,
position
,
or
function
someone
has
β’
She
attended
the
ceremony
in
her
capacity
as
company
director
.
She
attended
the
ceremony
in
her
capacity
as
company
director
.
β’
The
ambassador
spoke
in
his
official
capacity
at
the
UN
meeting
.
The
ambassador
spoke
in
his
official
capacity
at
the
UN
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
difficulty
noun
-
difficulty
,
difficulties
the
state
of
something
being
hard
to
do
,
understand
,
or
deal
with
β’
She
had
no
difficulty
finding
the
right
bus
at
the
station
.
She
had
no
difficulty
finding
the
right
bus
at
the
station
.
β’
The
child
read
the
long
word
slowly
,
showing
great
difficulty
.
The
child
read
the
long
word
slowly
,
showing
great
difficulty
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
difficultas
,
from
difficilis
β
hard
,
difficult
β.
noun
-
difficulty
,
difficulties
a
specific
problem
or
obstacle
that
makes
something
harder
β’
They
ran
into
a
difficulty
when
the
printer
stopped
working
.
They
ran
into
a
difficulty
when
the
printer
stopped
working
.
β’
Unexpected
financial
difficulties
forced
the
family
to
postpone
their
vacation
.
Unexpected
financial
difficulties
forced
the
family
to
postpone
their
vacation
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
difficultas
,
from
difficilis
β
hard
,
difficult
β.
disability
noun
-
disability
,
disabilities
a
physical
or
mental
condition
that
limits
a
person
β
s
movements
,
senses
,
or
activities
β’
After
the
accident
,
he
learned
to
use
a
wheelchair
because
of
his
disability
.
After
the
accident
,
he
learned
to
use
a
wheelchair
because
of
his
disability
.
β’
The
school
built
ramps
to
ensure
students
with
disabilities
could
enter
every
classroom
.
The
school
built
ramps
to
ensure
students
with
disabilities
could
enter
every
classroom
.
noun
-
disability
,
disabilities
something
that
makes
it
harder
for
someone
to
succeed
or
progress
β’
Lack
of
experience
was
a
serious
disability
in
the
job
market
.
Lack
of
experience
was
a
serious
disability
in
the
job
market
.
β’
His
shyness
turned
out
to
be
a
disability
when
he
tried
to
lead
the
meeting
.
His
shyness
turned
out
to
be
a
disability
when
he
tried
to
lead
the
meeting
.
priority
noun
-
priority
,
priorities
something
you
think
is
more
important
than
other
things
and
that
you
deal
with
first
β’
Finishing
the
report
is
our
top
priority
.
Finishing
the
report
is
our
top
priority
.
β’
For
many
parents
,
their
children's
education
is
a
main
priority
.
For
many
parents
,
their
children's
education
is
a
main
priority
.
Borrowed
in
the
14th
century
from
Old
French
prioritΓ©
,
from
Medieval
Latin
prioritas
,
from
Latin
prior
meaning
β
former
,
earlier
β.
noun
-
priority
,
priorities
the
state
of
being
more
important
than
something
else
and
therefore
coming
before
it
β’
In
this
hospital
,
patient
safety
takes
priority
over
everything
else
.
In
this
hospital
,
patient
safety
takes
priority
over
everything
else
.
β’
The
express
service
will
have
priority
over
standard
deliveries
.
The
express
service
will
have
priority
over
standard
deliveries
.
Same
origin
as
the
countable
sense
,
from
Latin
prioritas
meaning
β
the
state
of
being
earlier
or
prior
β.
personality
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
the
set
of
qualities
that
make
a
person
different
from
others
in
the
way
they
think
,
feel
,
and
behave
β’
Maria's
cheerful
personality
makes
everyone
feel
welcome
at
the
office
.
Maria's
cheerful
personality
makes
everyone
feel
welcome
at
the
office
.
β’
Even
though
the
twins
look
alike
,
their
personality
differences
are
obvious
.
Even
though
the
twins
look
alike
,
their
personality
differences
are
obvious
.
from
Latin
personalitas
β
quality
of
being
a
person
,β
based
on
persona
β
mask
,
character
.β
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
a
lively
,
interesting
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
attractive
or
distinctive
β’
The
small
cafΓ©
on
the
corner
has
so
much
personality
with
its
colorful
chairs
and
handwritten
menus
.
The
small
cafΓ©
on
the
corner
has
so
much
personality
with
its
colorful
chairs
and
handwritten
menus
.
β’
Paintings
on
the
walls
give
the
apartment
personality
.
Paintings
on
the
walls
give
the
apartment
personality
.
extension
of
sense
relating
to
people
,
applied
figuratively
to
objects
and
voices
since
the
early
20th
century
noun
-
personality
,
personalities
a
well-known
person
,
especially
in
television
,
radio
,
or
sports
β’
The
popular
radio
personality
greeted
listeners
with
a
friendly
laugh
.
The
popular
radio
personality
greeted
listeners
with
a
friendly
laugh
.
β’
Several
TV
personalities
attended
the
charity
gala
.
Several
TV
personalities
attended
the
charity
gala
.
sense
of
β
celebrity
β
arose
in
mid-20th-century
American
media
slang
,
from
the
idea
of
someone
whose
public
character
is
well
known
.
twenty
adjective
-
twenty
,
twenties
the
cardinal
number
that
comes
after
nineteen
and
before
twenty-one
β’
The
classroom
has
twenty
desks
arranged
in
neat
rows
.
The
classroom
has
twenty
desks
arranged
in
neat
rows
.
β’
We
planted
twenty
trees
along
the
village
road
.
We
planted
twenty
trees
along
the
village
road
.
Old
English
β
twΔntig
β,
from
β
twΔgen
β (
two
)
+
β
-tig
β (
group
of
ten
).
noun
-
twenty
,
twenties
the
number
20
itself
β’
Twenty
is
an
even
number
that
can
be
divided
by
four
.
Twenty
is
an
even
number
that
can
be
divided
by
four
.
β’
The
dart
landed
on
the
double
twenty
,
scoring
forty
points
.
The
dart
landed
on
the
double
twenty
,
scoring
forty
points
.
noun
-
twenty
,
twenties
(
informal
)
a
banknote
worth
twenty
units
of
currency
,
especially
dollars
or
pounds
β’
Do
you
have
change
for
a
twenty
?
Do
you
have
change
for
a
twenty
?
β’
He
slipped
a
crisp
twenty
into
the
tip
jar
.
He
slipped
a
crisp
twenty
into
the
tip
jar
.
twenties
noun
the
period
from
20
to
29
,
especially
years
of
age
or
the
years
of
a
century
β’
Jazz
music
flourished
in
the
roaring
twenties
.
Jazz
music
flourished
in
the
roaring
twenties
.
β’
He
hopes
to
travel
the
world
in
his
twenties
.
He
hopes
to
travel
the
world
in
his
twenties
.
faculty
noun
-
faculty
,
faculties
a
natural
ability
of
the
mind
or
body
that
allows
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
to
do
something
β’
After
the
accident
,
his
faculty
of
speech
slowly
returned
.
After
the
accident
,
his
faculty
of
speech
slowly
returned
.
β’
Owls
have
the
remarkable
faculty
of
turning
their
heads
almost
all
the
way
around
.
Owls
have
the
remarkable
faculty
of
turning
their
heads
almost
all
the
way
around
.
noun
-
faculty
,
faculties
all
the
teachers
employed
by
a
college
or
university
,
seen
as
one
group
β’
The
faculty
gathered
in
the
auditorium
to
vote
on
the
new
grading
policy
.
The
faculty
gathered
in
the
auditorium
to
vote
on
the
new
grading
policy
.
β’
Students
thanked
the
faculty
for
switching
to
online
classes
so
quickly
.
Students
thanked
the
faculty
for
switching
to
online
classes
so
quickly
.
noun
-
faculty
,
faculties
a
division
or
department
within
a
university
that
focuses
on
a
group
of
related
subjects
β’
Lina
studies
graphic
design
in
the
Faculty
of
Arts
.
Lina
studies
graphic
design
in
the
Faculty
of
Arts
.
β’
The
Faculty
of
Science
hosted
a
public
lecture
on
climate
change
.
The
Faculty
of
Science
hosted
a
public
lecture
on
climate
change
.
liberty
noun
-
liberty
,
liberties
A
particular
right
or
permission
that
allows
someone
to
do
something
within
rules
or
law
.
β’
Guests
have
the
liberty
to
explore
all
floors
of
the
museum
.
Guests
have
the
liberty
to
explore
all
floors
of
the
museum
.
β’
Our
students
are
given
the
liberty
to
choose
any
elective
course
.
Our
students
are
given
the
liberty
to
choose
any
elective
course
.
noun
-
liberty
,
liberties
An
act
that
goes
beyond
normal
permission
,
often
seen
as
bold
or
slightly
disrespectful
.
β’
I
took
the
liberty
of
printing
extra
copies
of
the
agenda
.
I
took
the
liberty
of
printing
extra
copies
of
the
agenda
.
β’
That
was
a
bit
of
a
liberty
,
speaking
for
the
whole
team
without
asking
.
That
was
a
bit
of
a
liberty
,
speaking
for
the
whole
team
without
asking
.
dirty
adjective
-
dirty
,
dirtier
,
dirtiest
covered
with
or
containing
dust
,
mud
,
or
other
unwanted
matter
so
that
it
is
not
clean
.
β’
After
playing
soccer
,
his
white
shirt
was
dirty
with
mud
.
After
playing
soccer
,
his
white
shirt
was
dirty
with
mud
.
β’
Please
wipe
your
dirty
hands
before
touching
the
baby
.
Please
wipe
your
dirty
hands
before
touching
the
baby
.
From
Middle
English
β
dirties
β (
excrement
),
likely
related
to
β
dirt
β
+
β
-y
β.
adjective
-
dirty
,
dirtier
,
dirtiest
containing
sexual
,
obscene
,
or
crude
ideas
that
some
people
find
offensive
.
β’
He
told
a
dirty
joke
that
made
everyone
blush
.
He
told
a
dirty
joke
that
made
everyone
blush
.
β’
The
movie
was
rated
18+
because
of
its
dirty
language
.
The
movie
was
rated
18+
because
of
its
dirty
language
.
verb
-
dirty
,
dirtying
,
dirties
,
dirtied
to
make
something
become
unclean
or
to
become
unclean
.
β’
Don
β
t
dirty
your
shoes
by
walking
through
the
puddle
.
Don
β
t
dirty
your
shoes
by
walking
through
the
puddle
.
β’
Grease
from
the
bike
chain
dirtied
her
jeans
.
Grease
from
the
bike
chain
dirtied
her
jeans
.
adjective
-
dirty
,
dirtier
,
dirtiest
done
in
an
unfair
,
dishonest
,
or
underhand
way
.
β’
The
player
was
given
a
red
card
for
a
dirty
tackle
.
The
player
was
given
a
red
card
for
a
dirty
tackle
.
β’
They
accused
the
candidate
of
running
a
dirty
campaign
.
They
accused
the
candidate
of
running
a
dirty
campaign
.
anxiety
noun
-
anxiety
,
anxieties
a
feeling
of
worry
,
nervousness
,
or
unease
,
usually
about
something
uncertain
or
potentially
negative
β’
She
felt
a
wave
of
anxiety
before
giving
her
speech
.
She
felt
a
wave
of
anxiety
before
giving
her
speech
.
β’
A
little
anxiety
can
keep
a
driver
focused
during
a
long
night
journey
.
A
little
anxiety
can
keep
a
driver
focused
during
a
long
night
journey
.
Late
Middle
English
:
via
Old
French
from
Latin
anxietas
,
from
anxius
β
uneasy
β.
noun
-
anxiety
,
anxieties
a
mental
health
condition
marked
by
excessive
and
persistent
worry
that
interferes
with
daily
life
β’
After
months
of
constant
worry
,
her
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
anxiety
.
After
months
of
constant
worry
,
her
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
anxiety
.
β’
Weekly
therapy
sessions
helped
Mark
manage
his
anxiety
without
medication
.
Weekly
therapy
sessions
helped
Mark
manage
his
anxiety
without
medication
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
;
first
used
in
a
clinical
context
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
anxiety
,
anxieties
one
of
several
specific
worries
or
problems
that
make
a
person
feel
nervous
or
uneasy
β’
The
financial
anxieties
of
the
recession
kept
families
up
at
night
.
The
financial
anxieties
of
the
recession
kept
families
up
at
night
.
β’
College
students
often
share
their
anxieties
about
exams
and
jobs
.
College
students
often
share
their
anxieties
about
exams
and
jobs
.
Extension
of
the
general
sense
to
individual
,
countable
worries
,
first
attested
in
the
18th
century
.
deputy
noun
-
deputy
,
deputies
a
person
who
is
officially
chosen
to
help
a
leader
and
to
act
for
them
when
they
are
not
present
β’
When
the
CEO
fell
ill
,
the
deputy
chaired
the
quarterly
meeting
.
When
the
CEO
fell
ill
,
the
deputy
chaired
the
quarterly
meeting
.
β’
The
school
principal
relied
on
her
deputy
to
handle
discipline
while
she
visited
other
classes
.
The
school
principal
relied
on
her
deputy
to
handle
discipline
while
she
visited
other
classes
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
"
deputΓ©
",
past
participle
of
"
deputer
"
meaning
β
to
assign
β
or
β
to
appoint
β.
noun
-
deputy
,
deputies
a
police
officer
who
works
for
a
county
sheriff
and
has
the
authority
to
enforce
the
law
β’
A
deputy
pulled
over
the
speeding
car
on
the
rural
highway
.
A
deputy
pulled
over
the
speeding
car
on
the
rural
highway
.
β’
The
sheriff
and
his
deputy
questioned
witnesses
after
the
robbery
.
The
sheriff
and
his
deputy
questioned
witnesses
after
the
robbery
.
Sense
developed
in
American
English
in
the
19th
century
as
shorthand
for
β
deputy
sheriff
.β
noun
-
deputy
,
deputies
an
elected
representative
in
the
lower
house
of
parliament
in
some
countries
,
especially
in
Europe
β’
The
deputy
proposed
a
new
labor
law
during
the
parliamentary
session
.
The
deputy
proposed
a
new
labor
law
during
the
parliamentary
session
.
β’
After
the
election
,
he
celebrated
his
first
day
as
a
deputy
of
the
National
Assembly
.
After
the
election
,
he
celebrated
his
first
day
as
a
deputy
of
the
National
Assembly
.
Borrowed
from
French
"
dΓ©putΓ©
",
referring
to
someone
sent
or
appointed
;
the
parliamentary
sense
dates
from
the
French
Revolution
.
penalty
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
a
punishment
or
other
negative
consequence
given
when
someone
breaks
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
β’
If
you
pay
your
taxes
late
,
you
have
to
pay
a
penalty
.
If
you
pay
your
taxes
late
,
you
have
to
pay
a
penalty
.
β’
Students
caught
cheating
face
the
penalty
of
suspension
.
Students
caught
cheating
face
the
penalty
of
suspension
.
Borrowed
in
the
16th
century
from
Medieval
Latin
poenalitΔs
,
from
Latin
poena
β
punishment
,
penalty
.β
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
in
sports
,
an
official
punishment
that
gives
the
opposing
team
an
advantage
because
a
player
or
team
has
broken
a
rule
β’
The
referee
signaled
a
penalty
for
the
defender
β
s
rough
tackle
.
The
referee
signaled
a
penalty
for
the
defender
β
s
rough
tackle
.
β’
The
team
lost
yards
because
of
an
offside
penalty
.
The
team
lost
yards
because
of
an
offside
penalty
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
punishment
to
sports
in
the
late
19th
century
as
modern
rules
were
codified
.
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
in
soccer
and
similar
sports
,
a
free
shot
at
goal
taken
from
a
set
spot
because
the
other
team
committed
a
foul
in
the
penalty
area
β’
The
striker
stepped
up
to
take
the
decisive
penalty
.
The
striker
stepped
up
to
take
the
decisive
penalty
.
β’
In
stoppage
time
,
a
late
penalty
won
the
match
.
In
stoppage
time
,
a
late
penalty
won
the
match
.
This
sense
grew
out
of
soccer
β
s
1891
rule
introducing
the
β
penalty
kick
,β
soon
shortened
to
β
penalty
.β
utility
noun
-
utility
,
utilities
a
basic
public
service
such
as
electricity
,
water
,
or
gas
that
people
need
for
everyday
life
β’
Our
rent
includes
all
utilities
,
so
we
don't
pay
extra
for
water
or
electricity
.
Our
rent
includes
all
utilities
,
so
we
don't
pay
extra
for
water
or
electricity
.
β’
Some
rural
areas
lack
reliable
utility
services
such
as
natural
gas
.
Some
rural
areas
lack
reliable
utility
services
such
as
natural
gas
.
noun
-
utility
,
utilities
a
company
or
public
organization
that
supplies
electricity
,
water
,
gas
,
or
similar
services
β’
The
local
utility
announced
a
rate
increase
starting
next
month
.
The
local
utility
announced
a
rate
increase
starting
next
month
.
β’
Many
investors
see
a
utility
as
a
safe
long-term
stock
.
Many
investors
see
a
utility
as
a
safe
long-term
stock
.
noun
-
utility
,
utilities
a
small
computer
program
that
performs
a
specific
helpful
task
β’
I
ran
a
disk-cleanup
utility
to
free
up
storage
space
.
I
ran
a
disk-cleanup
utility
to
free
up
storage
space
.
β’
The
antivirus
utility
updated
its
virus
definitions
overnight
.
The
antivirus
utility
updated
its
virus
definitions
overnight
.
noun
-
utility
,
utilities
(
sports
)
a
player
who
can
competently
play
several
different
positions
β’
The
coach
values
him
as
a
utility
because
he
can
cover
both
infield
and
outfield
.
The
coach
values
him
as
a
utility
because
he
can
cover
both
infield
and
outfield
.
β’
Every
football
team
needs
at
least
one
utility
on
the
bench
.
Every
football
team
needs
at
least
one
utility
on
the
bench
.
celebrity
noun
-
celebrity
,
celebrities
a
famous
person
,
especially
someone
in
entertainment
,
sports
,
or
media
β’
Crowds
gathered
to
take
photos
when
the
celebrity
arrived
on
the
red
carpet
.
Crowds
gathered
to
take
photos
when
the
celebrity
arrived
on
the
red
carpet
.
β’
The
young
journalist
nervously
interviewed
the
celebrity
on
live
television
.
The
young
journalist
nervously
interviewed
the
celebrity
on
live
television
.
From
Latin
celebritΔs
β
crowded
celebration
,
fame
,β
from
celeber
β
frequented
,
renowned
.β
thirty
adjective
-
thirty
,
thirties
being
the
number
that
is
three
times
ten
β’
There
are
thirty
students
in
our
class
.
There
are
thirty
students
in
our
class
.
β’
We
planted
thirty
trees
along
the
road
.
We
planted
thirty
trees
along
the
road
.
From
Old
English
β
ΓΎrΔ«tig
β,
a
compound
of
β
ΓΎrΔ«e
β (
three
)
+
the
suffix
β
-tig
β (
group
of
ten
),
dating
back
to
Proto-Germanic
roots
.
noun
-
thirty
,
thirties
the
number
30
itself
,
treated
as
an
amount
or
score
β’
Add
five
and
you
β
ll
reach
an
even
thirty
.
Add
five
and
you
β
ll
reach
an
even
thirty
.
β’
The
temperature
hit
a
scorching
thirty
degrees
Celsius
today
.
The
temperature
hit
a
scorching
thirty
degrees
Celsius
today
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
form
:
from
Old
English
β
ΓΎrΔ«tig
,β
meaning
three
tens
.
charity
noun
-
charity
,
charities
an
organization
that
collects
money
or
goods
to
help
people
in
need
β’
Lena
volunteers
every
weekend
at
a
local
charity
that
runs
a
free
soup
kitchen
.
Lena
volunteers
every
weekend
at
a
local
charity
that
runs
a
free
soup
kitchen
.
β’
The
marathon
raised
thousands
of
dollars
for
a
children
β
s
charity
.
The
marathon
raised
thousands
of
dollars
for
a
children
β
s
charity
.
Middle
English
charite
,
from
Old
French
charitΓ©
,
from
Latin
caritas
meaning
β
dearness
,
love
,
benevolence
β.
noun
-
charity
,
charities
the
act
of
giving
money
,
help
,
or
kindness
to
people
who
need
it
β’
Many
people
show
charity
during
the
holidays
by
donating
food
to
shelters
.
Many
people
show
charity
during
the
holidays
by
donating
food
to
shelters
.
β’
The
singer
β
s
concert
was
a
gesture
of
charity
toward
earthquake
victims
.
The
singer
β
s
concert
was
a
gesture
of
charity
toward
earthquake
victims
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
the
meaning
shifted
from
Christian
virtue
of
caritas
to
the
broader
idea
of
giving
help
to
the
needy
.
noun
-
charity
,
charities
kindness
and
lenient
judgment
toward
other
people
β
s
faults
or
mistakes
β’
The
teacher
spoke
with
charity
about
the
student
β
s
late
homework
,
understanding
his
difficult
situation
.
The
teacher
spoke
with
charity
about
the
student
β
s
late
homework
,
understanding
his
difficult
situation
.
β’
Show
some
charity
in
your
words
;
everyone
makes
mistakes
.
Show
some
charity
in
your
words
;
everyone
makes
mistakes
.
The
sense
of
β
charity
β
as
merciful
judgment
comes
from
the
original
Christian
virtue
caritas
,
meaning
unconditional
love
.
capability
noun
-
capability
,
capabilities
the
power
,
skill
,
or
qualities
needed
to
do
something
β’
Climbing
the
steep
mountain
tested
her
capability
as
a
hiker
.
Climbing
the
steep
mountain
tested
her
capability
as
a
hiker
.
β’
The
new
recruit
showed
an
impressive
capability
for
learning
languages
.
The
new
recruit
showed
an
impressive
capability
for
learning
languages
.
From
capable
+β
-ity
,
first
recorded
in
the
1600s
.
noun
-
capability
,
capabilities
a
specific
function
or
feature
that
a
machine
,
system
,
or
organization
is
designed
to
perform
β’
This
phone
has
the
capability
to
charge
wirelessly
.
This
phone
has
the
capability
to
charge
wirelessly
.
β’
The
satellite
β
s
imaging
capability
lets
scientists
study
weather
patterns
.
The
satellite
β
s
imaging
capability
lets
scientists
study
weather
patterns
.
Derived
from
the
earlier
sense
of
personal
ability
and
extended
to
machinery
and
systems
in
the
early
20th
century
.
entity
noun
-
entity
,
entities
something
that
exists
as
a
single
and
separate
thing
,
whether
it
is
a
physical
object
,
a
living
being
,
or
an
abstract
concept
β’
Scientists
once
wondered
whether
light
was
an
entity
or
a
mere
effect
.
Scientists
once
wondered
whether
light
was
an
entity
or
a
mere
effect
.
β’
Many
cultures
believe
the
soul
is
an
independent
entity
that
survives
after
death
.
Many
cultures
believe
the
soul
is
an
independent
entity
that
survives
after
death
.
Borrowed
in
late
Middle
English
from
Medieval
Latin
entitas
,
from
Latin
ens
β
being
,
thing
that
is
.β
noun
-
entity
,
entities
a
company
,
organization
,
or
other
body
that
is
legally
recognized
as
having
its
own
rights
and
responsibilities
β’
The
small
bakery
became
a
legal
entity
after
registering
with
the
state
.
The
small
bakery
became
a
legal
entity
after
registering
with
the
state
.
β’
Under
the
contract
,
each
entity
must
file
its
own
taxes
.
Under
the
contract
,
each
entity
must
file
its
own
taxes
.
noun
-
entity
,
entities
in
computing
and
data
modeling
,
a
distinct
item
of
information
that
is
treated
as
a
unit
and
has
specific
attributes
and
relationships
β’
In
the
customer
table
,
each
row
represents
an
entity
.
In
the
customer
table
,
each
row
represents
an
entity
.
β’
A
user
entity
can
link
to
many
address
records
in
the
system
.
A
user
entity
can
link
to
many
address
records
in
the
system
.
fifty
noun
-
fifty
,
fifties
the
number
50
,
a
unit
or
set
of
fifty
things
,
or
the
decade/age
range
of
50β59
(
usually
in
plural
form
β
fifties
β)
β’
She
wrote
the
number
fifty
at
the
top
of
the
form
.
She
wrote
the
number
fifty
at
the
top
of
the
form
.
β’
A
fifty
is
half
of
a
hundred
.
A
fifty
is
half
of
a
hundred
.
treaty
noun
-
treaty
,
treaties
a
formal
written
agreement
between
two
or
more
countries
or
groups
that
sets
out
promises
or
rules
they
must
follow
β’
Leaders
from
both
nations
signed
a
historic
treaty
to
end
the
war
.
Leaders
from
both
nations
signed
a
historic
treaty
to
end
the
war
.
β’
The
international
climate
treaty
requires
every
member
country
to
cut
carbon
emissions
within
ten
years
.
The
international
climate
treaty
requires
every
member
country
to
cut
carbon
emissions
within
ten
years
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
traitΓ©
,
from
Latin
tractatus
β
something
handled
β,
from
tractare
β
handle
β.