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π
be
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
link
the
subject
of
a
sentence
with
a
description
,
identity
,
or
state
β’
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
The
sky
is
bright
blue
after
the
storm
.
β’
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
My
brother
is
a
talented
painter
.
Old
English
β
beon
β
and
β
wesan
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
β
to
exist
β
and
β
to
dwell
β.
These
merged
over
time
into
the
single
modern
verb
β
be
β.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
another
verb
β
s
present
participle
to
form
the
continuous
(
progressive
)
tenses
β’
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
She
is
studying
for
her
exams
right
now
.
β’
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
We
are
waiting
for
the
bus
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
exist
,
live
,
or
remain
alive
β’
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
Dinosaurs
were
on
Earth
millions
of
years
ago
.
β’
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
I
just
want
to
be
happy
.
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
to
happen
or
take
place
,
often
indicating
time
or
location
of
an
event
β’
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
The
concert
will
be
in
the
park
on
Saturday
.
β’
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
When
will
the
birthday
party
be
?
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
used
with
a
past
participle
to
form
the
passive
voice
β’
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
The
homework
was
finished
before
dinner
.
β’
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
The
new
bridge
is
being
built
near
the
village
.
power
verb
-
power
,
powering
,
powers
,
powered
to
supply
energy
that
makes
a
machine
or
system
work
β’
Large
turbines
power
the
factory
.
Large
turbines
power
the
factory
.
β’
The
smartwatch
is
powered
by
a
tiny
battery
.
The
smartwatch
is
powered
by
a
tiny
battery
.
answer
verb
To
say
or
write
something
in
reply
to
a
question
,
letter
,
or
comment
.
β’
Please
answer
the
teacher
when
she
calls
your
name
.
Please
answer
the
teacher
when
she
calls
your
name
.
β’
He
couldn't
answer
because
his
mouth
was
full
of
cake
.
He
couldn't
answer
because
his
mouth
was
full
of
cake
.
From
Old
English
β
andswarian
β
meaning
to
make
a
reply
.
verb
To
pick
up
and
respond
to
a
ringing
telephone
or
a
knock
on
the
door
.
β’
Could
you
answer
the
phone
while
I
stir
the
soup
?
Could
you
answer
the
phone
while
I
stir
the
soup
?
β’
She
rushed
downstairs
to
answer
the
doorbell
.
She
rushed
downstairs
to
answer
the
doorbell
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
of
replying
,
applied
to
devices
like
telephones
and
doorbells
.
verb
To
match
,
satisfy
,
or
be
suitable
for
a
requirement
or
description
.
β’
The
suspect
did
not
answer
the
description
given
by
witnesses
.
The
suspect
did
not
answer
the
description
given
by
witnesses
.
β’
This
key
doesn't
answer
the
lock
anymore
.
This
key
doesn't
answer
the
lock
anymore
.
Developed
from
the
idea
of
a
reply
that
meets
or
satisfies
something
,
extended
to
suitability
.
am
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
the
form
of
the
verb
β
be
β
that
is
used
with
β
I
β
in
the
present
tense
β’
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
I
am
excited
about
the
school
trip
tomorrow
.
β’
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
I
am
not
hungry
because
I
just
ate
lunch
.
From
Old
English
β
eom
β,
first-person
singular
of
β
beon/bΔo
β,
related
to
German
β
bin
β
and
Latin
β
sum
β.
being
verb
-
be
,
being
,
am
,
are
,
is
,
was
,
were
,
been
present
participle
of
β
be
β;
used
to
show
continuous
action
or
describe
someone
β
s
behaviour
β’
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
The
children
are
being
noisy
today
.
β’
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
He
is
being
very
kind
to
the
new
student
.
β
Being
β
as
a
present
participle
of
β
be
β
dates
back
to
Old
English
,
where
present
participles
were
formed
with
β
-ende
β,
later
becoming
β
-ing
β.
flower
verb
To
produce
flowers
;
to
bloom
.
β’
The
cherry
trees
flower
every
spring
.
The
cherry
trees
flower
every
spring
.
β’
When
the
cactus
flowers
,
its
petals
last
only
one
night
.
When
the
cactus
flowers
,
its
petals
last
only
one
night
.
From
noun
β
flower
β,
used
as
a
verb
since
14th
century
.
verb
(
figurative
)
To
develop
fully
or
become
successful
and
beautiful
.
β’
Her
talent
really
began
to
flower
after
art
school
.
Her
talent
really
began
to
flower
after
art
school
.
β’
The
small
town
flowered
into
a
bustling
city
after
the
railway
arrived
.
The
small
town
flowered
into
a
bustling
city
after
the
railway
arrived
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
sense
β
to
bloom
β.
lower
verb
to
move
something
down
or
make
its
level
,
amount
,
or
value
smaller
β’
The
worker
slowly
lowered
the
heavy
box
onto
the
floor
.
The
worker
slowly
lowered
the
heavy
box
onto
the
floor
.
β’
Please
lower
the
volume
;
the
baby
is
sleeping
.
Please
lower
the
volume
;
the
baby
is
sleeping
.
From
Middle
English
loueren
,
from
Old
Norse
lægri
meaning
β
less
,
not
as
high
.β
verb
to
move
downward
or
sink
to
a
lower
level
β’
The
drawbridge
slowly
lowered
over
the
river
.
The
drawbridge
slowly
lowered
over
the
river
.
β’
As
evening
approached
,
the
sun
lowered
behind
the
mountains
.
As
evening
approached
,
the
sun
lowered
behind
the
mountains
.
Same
origin
as
the
transitive
verb
sense
,
with
intransitive
use
appearing
in
the
16th
century
.
tower
verb
to
rise
very
high
above
the
things
around
it
β’
Snow-capped
mountains
tower
over
the
quiet
lakeside
village
.
Snow-capped
mountains
tower
over
the
quiet
lakeside
village
.
β’
Glass
skyscrapers
tower
above
the
busy
downtown
streets
.
Glass
skyscrapers
tower
above
the
busy
downtown
streets
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
sense
:
something
that
acts
like
a
tower
by
standing
high
.
shower
verb
to
wash
yourself
under
a
spray
of
water
β’
I
need
to
shower
before
the
guests
arrive
.
I
need
to
shower
before
the
guests
arrive
.
β’
She
showers
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
She
showers
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
verb
to
give
someone
a
lot
of
things
or
praise
all
at
once
and
in
large
amount
β’
The
fans
showered
the
team
with
cheers
and
confetti
.
The
fans
showered
the
team
with
cheers
and
confetti
.
β’
Grandparents
love
to
shower
their
grandchildren
with
gifts
.
Grandparents
love
to
shower
their
grandchildren
with
gifts
.