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by
preposition
used
to
show
that
someone
or
something
is
next
to
or
very
close
to
another
person
or
thing
•
They
built
a
small
cabin
by
the
river
where
they
could
fish
every
weekend
.
They
built
a
small
cabin
by
the
river
where
they
could
fish
every
weekend
.
•
Please
put
the
groceries
by
the
door
so
I
can
find
them
easily
.
Please
put
the
groceries
by
the
door
so
I
can
find
them
easily
.
preposition
used
to
show
the
person
,
group
,
or
thing
that
performs
an
action
,
especially
in
a
passive
sentence
•
The
novel
was
written
by
a
famous
scientist
.
The
novel
was
written
by
a
famous
scientist
.
•
This
mural
was
painted
by
local
students
to
brighten
the
neighborhood
.
This
mural
was
painted
by
local
students
to
brighten
the
neighborhood
.
preposition
used
to
show
the
method
,
means
,
or
way
in
which
something
is
done
,
made
,
or
travels
•
We
usually
go
to
work
by
bus
to
avoid
traffic
.
We
usually
go
to
work
by
bus
to
avoid
traffic
.
•
She
paid
for
the
coffee
by
credit
card
.
She
paid
for
the
coffee
by
credit
card
.
preposition
used
to
say
that
something
happens
not
later
than
a
particular
time
or
deadline
•
Please
finish
your
homework
by
eight
o
’
clock
.
Please
finish
your
homework
by
eight
o
’
clock
.
•
All
applications
must
be
submitted
by
Friday
.
All
applications
must
be
submitted
by
Friday
.
adverb
used
alone
to
mean
‘
past
’
or
‘
near
’
something
,
often
when
describing
movement
•
She
walked
by
without
noticing
me
.
She
walked
by
without
noticing
me
.
•
The
parade
marched
by
while
the
children
cheered
.
The
parade
marched
by
while
the
children
cheered
.
preposition
used
to
show
the
amount
of
change
or
difference
between
two
numbers
,
levels
,
or
measurements
•
House
prices
rose
by
10
percent
last
year
.
House
prices
rose
by
10
percent
last
year
.
•
The
temperature
dropped
by
five
degrees
overnight
.
The
temperature
dropped
by
five
degrees
overnight
.
bye
interjection
used
to
say
goodbye
when
you
are
leaving
someone
or
ending
a
conversation
•
“
Thanks
for
coming
!
Bye
!”
“
Thanks
for
coming
!
Bye
!”
•
He
hung
up
the
phone
after
saying
bye
to
his
mother
.
He
hung
up
the
phone
after
saying
bye
to
his
mother
.
Shortened
from
goodbye
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
16th
century
.
noun
an
automatic
advance
to
the
next
round
of
a
competition
without
playing
a
scheduled
opponent
•
Because
there
were
an
odd
number
of
teams
,
ours
received
a
bye
in
the
first
round
.
Because
there
were
an
odd
number
of
teams
,
ours
received
a
bye
in
the
first
round
.
•
The
tournament
bracket
clearly
showed
which
players
had
a
bye
.
The
tournament
bracket
clearly
showed
which
players
had
a
bye
.
19th-century
sporting
slang
,
perhaps
from
the
idea
of
being
“
by
”
or
outside
the
normal
play
.
noun
in
cricket
,
a
run
scored
when
the
ball
passes
the
batter
without
touching
bat
or
body
and
the
fielding
side
fails
to
stop
it
•
The
wicketkeeper
fumbled
,
allowing
the
batsmen
to
take
a
bye
.
The
wicketkeeper
fumbled
,
allowing
the
batsmen
to
take
a
bye
.
•
They
ran
four
byes
when
the
ball
slipped
past
the
keeper
and
reached
the
rope
.
They
ran
four
byes
when
the
ball
slipped
past
the
keeper
and
reached
the
rope
.
Early
19th-century
cricket
term
,
from
the
sense
of
the
ball
going
"
by
"
the
batter
.
baby
noun
-
baby
,
babies
,
babying
,
babied
a
very
young
child
,
especially
one
who
has
not
yet
learned
to
walk
or
talk
.
•
The
baby
slept
peacefully
in
his
crib
.
The
baby
slept
peacefully
in
his
crib
.
•
A
smiling
nurse
placed
the
newborn
baby
into
its
father's
arms
.
A
smiling
nurse
placed
the
newborn
baby
into
its
father's
arms
.
Old
English
“
bæb
”,
imitative
of
infant
sounds
;
the
modern
spelling
appears
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
baby
,
babies
,
babying
,
babied
the
young
of
an
animal
.
•
The
lioness
gently
carried
her
baby
in
its
mouth
.
The
lioness
gently
carried
her
baby
in
its
mouth
.
•
A
mother
duck
led
her
six
baby
ducks
across
the
pond
.
A
mother
duck
led
her
six
baby
ducks
across
the
pond
.
noun
-
baby
,
babies
,
babying
,
babied
an
informal
,
affectionate
word
for
a
romantic
partner
.
•
"
Baby
,
you
look
great
tonight
,"
he
whispered
.
"
Baby
,
you
look
great
tonight
,"
he
whispered
.
•
She
called
her
boyfriend
"
baby
"
when
thanking
him
for
the
flowers
.
She
called
her
boyfriend
"
baby
"
when
thanking
him
for
the
flowers
.
verb
-
baby
,
babies
,
babying
,
babied
to
treat
someone
as
if
they
are
very
young
,
giving
too
much
care
or
protection
.
•
Stop
babying
your
brother
—
he
can
tie
his
own
shoes
.
Stop
babying
your
brother
—
he
can
tie
his
own
shoes
.
•
The
coach
refused
to
baby
the
players
;
they
had
to
carry
their
own
gear
.
The
coach
refused
to
baby
the
players
;
they
had
to
carry
their
own
gear
.
adjective
-
baby
,
babies
,
babying
,
babied
smaller
or
younger
than
usual
of
its
kind
.
•
We
served
baby
carrots
with
the
dip
.
We
served
baby
carrots
with
the
dip
.
•
He
bought
a
pair
of
baby
shoes
as
a
keepsake
.
He
bought
a
pair
of
baby
shoes
as
a
keepsake
.
noun
-
baby
,
babies
,
babying
,
babied
a
project
,
idea
,
or
possession
that
someone
feels
is
their
own
special
responsibility
or
pride
.
•
The
new
app
is
Jessica's
baby
;
she
designed
every
feature
.
The
new
app
is
Jessica's
baby
;
she
designed
every
feature
.
•
Don't
touch
that
guitar
—
it's
Mark's
baby
.
Don't
touch
that
guitar
—
it's
Mark's
baby
.
nearby
adjective
located
a
short
distance
away
•
We
found
a
nearby
café
and
stopped
for
coffee
.
We
found
a
nearby
café
and
stopped
for
coffee
.
•
There
is
a
nearby
playground
where
the
children
can
play
safely
.
There
is
a
nearby
playground
where
the
children
can
play
safely
.
adverb
not
far
away
;
close
to
the
place
being
talked
about
•
My
grandparents
live
nearby
,
so
we
visit
them
often
.
My
grandparents
live
nearby
,
so
we
visit
them
often
.
•
A
waiter
was
standing
nearby
and
came
to
take
our
order
.
A
waiter
was
standing
nearby
and
came
to
take
our
order
.
rub
noun
-
rub
,
rubbing
,
rubs
,
rubbed
,
rubby
,
rubbier
,
rubbiest
an
act
of
moving
something
over
a
surface
with
pressure
•
Give
the
table
a
quick
rub
with
the
cloth
.
Give
the
table
a
quick
rub
with
the
cloth
.
•
My
shoulders
felt
better
after
a
gentle
rub
.
My
shoulders
felt
better
after
a
gentle
rub
.
goodbye
interjection
Used
to
express
farewell
when
you
are
leaving
someone
.
•
Emma
waved
and
said
goodbye
before
boarding
the
train
.
Emma
waved
and
said
goodbye
before
boarding
the
train
.
•
He
shouted
goodbye
as
the
bus
pulled
away
from
the
stop
.
He
shouted
goodbye
as
the
bus
pulled
away
from
the
stop
.
Shortened
from
the
16th-century
phrase
“
God
be
with
ye
,”
which
people
said
when
parting
.
noun
An
act
or
instance
of
bidding
farewell
.
•
After
a
quick
goodbye
,
she
hurried
into
the
taxi
.
After
a
quick
goodbye
,
she
hurried
into
the
taxi
.
•
Their
tearful
goodbyes
took
longer
than
the
entire
visit
.
Their
tearful
goodbyes
took
longer
than
the
entire
visit
.
From
the
earlier
interjection
“
goodbye
,”
itself
a
contraction
of
“
God
be
with
ye
,”
later
used
as
a
noun
meaning
the
act
of
bidding
farewell
.
thereby
adverb
as
a
result
of
that
action
or
situation
;
by
that
means
•
She
updated
the
security
settings
,
thereby
protecting
the
data
from
hackers
.
She
updated
the
security
settings
,
thereby
protecting
the
data
from
hackers
.
•
The
factory
installed
solar
panels
,
thereby
cutting
its
electricity
costs
.
The
factory
installed
solar
panels
,
thereby
cutting
its
electricity
costs
.
Middle
English
,
formed
from
the
pronoun
there
+
by
,
meaning
“
by
that
.”
lobby
noun
-
lobby
,
lobbies
a
large
open
area
just
inside
the
main
entrance
of
a
building
,
used
for
waiting
or
receiving
visitors
•
We
relaxed
on
the
sofas
in
the
hotel
lobby
until
check-in
time
.
We
relaxed
on
the
sofas
in
the
hotel
lobby
until
check-in
time
.
•
A
security
guard
directed
visitors
to
sign
in
at
the
office
building
’
s
lobby
.
A
security
guard
directed
visitors
to
sign
in
at
the
office
building
’
s
lobby
.
From
Medieval
Latin
lobia
,
lobium
“
covered
walk
”
and
Old
High
German
louba
“
hall
,
porch
,”
originally
meaning
a
covered
gallery
.
noun
-
lobby
,
lobbies
a
group
of
people
who
try
to
influence
politicians
or
public
officials
on
a
particular
issue
•
The
oil
lobby
spent
millions
to
block
new
environmental
regulations
.
The
oil
lobby
spent
millions
to
block
new
environmental
regulations
.
•
Parents
formed
a
powerful
education
lobby
to
campaign
for
smaller
class
sizes
.
Parents
formed
a
powerful
education
lobby
to
campaign
for
smaller
class
sizes
.
Sense
extended
in
the
19th
century
from
‘
corridor
where
politicians
could
be
approached
’
to
the
people
doing
the
approaching
.
verb
-
lobby
,
lobbying
,
lobbies
,
lobbied
to
try
to
persuade
politicians
or
public
officials
to
support
or
oppose
a
plan
,
law
,
or
decision
•
The
activists
lobbied
parliament
to
declare
a
climate
emergency
.
The
activists
lobbied
parliament
to
declare
a
climate
emergency
.
•
Tech
companies
are
lobbying
hard
against
the
proposed
data-privacy
bill
.
Tech
companies
are
lobbying
hard
against
the
proposed
data-privacy
bill
.
Verb
use
recorded
from
the
1830s
,
based
on
the
noun
sense
of
meeting
politicians
in
the
lobby
.