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she
pronoun
used
to
talk
about
a
woman
or
girl
who
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
known
to
the
listener
•
She
is
my
best
friend
,
and
I
trust
her
completely
.
She
is
my
best
friend
,
and
I
trust
her
completely
.
•
When
the
teacher
walked
in
,
everyone
knew
she
meant
business
.
When
the
teacher
walked
in
,
everyone
knew
she
meant
business
.
Old
English
"
hēo
" (
she
)
replaced
by
Middle
English
forms
evolving
into
modern
"
she
".
pronoun
used
affectionately
to
refer
to
a
ship
,
car
,
country
,
or
other
thing
as
if
it
were
female
•
The
old
ship
creaked
,
but
she
could
still
cross
the
ocean
.
The
old
ship
creaked
,
but
she
could
still
cross
the
ocean
.
•
I
love
my
new
car
—
she
runs
like
a
dream
.
I
love
my
new
car
—
she
runs
like
a
dream
.
Extension
of
the
personal
pronoun
to
personified
objects
,
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
for
ships
,
later
cars
and
nations
.
noun
a
female
person
or
animal
•
We
have
two
dogs
:
a
he
and
a
she
.
We
have
two
dogs
:
a
he
and
a
she
.
•
Among
the
puppies
,
each
she
had
a
pink
ribbon
.
Among
the
puppies
,
each
she
had
a
pink
ribbon
.
From
the
pronoun
,
later
reinterpreted
as
a
common
noun
referring
to
a
female
.
her
pronoun
The
object
form
of
“
she
”,
used
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
to
refer
to
a
female
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
.
•
I
called
her
last
night
to
check
on
the
project
.
I
called
her
last
night
to
check
on
the
project
.
•
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
presentation
.
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
presentation
.
Old
English
hire
,
the
dative
and
genitive
form
of
hēo
(“
she
”),
later
replacing
the
earlier
accusative
hīe/hi
.
pronoun
the
object
form
of
“
she
”,
used
instead
of
a
noun
to
refer
to
a
female
person
,
animal
,
or
sometimes
thing
already
known
in
the
situation
•
I
met
her
at
the
library
yesterday
.
I
met
her
at
the
library
yesterday
.
•
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
project
.
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
project
.
pronoun
used
instead
of
“
she
”
when
the
female
person
or
animal
is
the
object
of
a
verb
or
comes
after
a
preposition
•
I
met
her
at
the
train
station
this
morning
.
I
met
her
at
the
train
station
this
morning
.
•
Tom
waved
to
her
from
across
the
street
.
Tom
waved
to
her
from
across
the
street
.
Old
English
hire
,
the
dative
and
genitive
form
of
“
hēo
” (
she
).
Over
time
,
it
developed
into
the
modern
object
and
possessive
forms
.
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
female
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
or
easily
identified
•
This
is
her
backpack
,
not
yours
.
This
is
her
backpack
,
not
yours
.
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
it
heard
her
voice
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
it
heard
her
voice
.
From
Old
English
hire
,
genitive
form
of
“
hēo
” (
she
),
evolving
into
the
modern
possessive
determiner
.
herself
pronoun
used
to
show
that
the
woman
or
girl
who
is
the
subject
of
the
sentence
is
also
the
object
of
the
action
•
Anna
looked
at
herself
in
the
mirror
before
the
interview
.
Anna
looked
at
herself
in
the
mirror
before
the
interview
.
•
The
kitten
scratched
herself
while
playing
with
the
yarn
.
The
kitten
scratched
herself
while
playing
with
the
yarn
.
Old
English
hīe
selfa
,
from
hie
(“
her
”)
+
self
.
Parallel
to
myself
,
yourself
,
himself
.
pronoun
used
to
emphasize
that
a
particular
woman
or
girl
did
something
and
not
someone
else
•
The
chef
herself
served
us
at
the
table
.
The
chef
herself
served
us
at
the
table
.
•
Maria
herself
admitted
the
mistake
.
Maria
herself
admitted
the
mistake
.
pronoun
(
informal
,
Irish
English
)
used
humorously
to
refer
to
someone
’
s
wife
,
girlfriend
,
or
to
a
woman
in
authority
whose
name
the
speaker
chooses
not
to
say
•
I'll
have
to
ask
herself
if
we're
free
this
weekend
.
I'll
have
to
ask
herself
if
we're
free
this
weekend
.
•
Herself
wants
the
lawn
cut
before
the
match
starts
.
Herself
wants
the
lawn
cut
before
the
match
starts
.
finish
verb
-
finish
,
finishing
,
finishes
,
finished
to
complete
something
so
that
nothing
more
needs
to
be
done
•
I
can't
play
until
I
finish
my
math
homework
.
I
can't
play
until
I
finish
my
math
homework
.
•
The
workers
will
finish
building
the
playground
before
summer
vacation
starts
.
The
workers
will
finish
building
the
playground
before
summer
vacation
starts
.
Middle
English
‘
finisshen
’,
from
Old
French
‘
finiss-
’,
stem
of
‘
finir
’ “
to
end
”,
from
Latin
‘
finire
’,
from
‘
finis
’ “
end
”.
noun
-
finish
,
finishes
the
end
or
last
part
of
something
,
especially
a
race
,
story
,
or
event
•
The
runners
sprinted
toward
the
finish
and
the
crowd
cheered
.
The
runners
sprinted
toward
the
finish
and
the
crowd
cheered
.
•
It
was
an
exciting
movie
from
start
to
finish
.
It
was
an
exciting
movie
from
start
to
finish
.
verb
-
finish
,
finishing
,
finishes
,
finished
to
eat
,
drink
,
or
use
all
of
something
so
nothing
remains
•
She
finished
the
whole
pizza
by
herself
.
She
finished
the
whole
pizza
by
herself
.
•
Could
you
finish
the
milk
so
we
can
recycle
the
bottle
?
Could
you
finish
the
milk
so
we
can
recycle
the
bottle
?
noun
-
finish
,
finishes
a
smooth
,
shiny
,
or
matte
layer
or
quality
that
gives
a
surface
its
final
look
•
The
carpenter
applied
a
clear
finish
to
protect
the
wood
.
The
carpenter
applied
a
clear
finish
to
protect
the
wood
.
•
Choose
a
matte
finish
if
you
don't
want
reflections
on
the
walls
.
Choose
a
matte
finish
if
you
don't
want
reflections
on
the
walls
.
noun
-
finish
,
finishes
the
taste
that
remains
in
your
mouth
for
a
short
time
after
you
swallow
a
drink
such
as
wine
,
coffee
,
or
whisky
•
This
red
wine
has
a
fruity
finish
with
hints
of
cherry
.
This
red
wine
has
a
fruity
finish
with
hints
of
cherry
.
•
The
coffee's
smoky
finish
lingers
pleasantly
on
the
tongue
.
The
coffee's
smoky
finish
lingers
pleasantly
on
the
tongue
.
wish
noun
-
wish
,
wishes
a
hope
or
desire
for
something
to
happen
,
or
the
thing
that
is
desired
•
Her
birthday
wish
was
for
a
new
bicycle
.
Her
birthday
wish
was
for
a
new
bicycle
.
•
The
charity
tries
to
make
children's
wishes
come
true
.
The
charity
tries
to
make
children's
wishes
come
true
.
From
Old
English
"
wysc
"
meaning
‘
desire
’,
related
to
the
verb
form
.
verb
-
wish
,
wishing
,
wishes
,
wished
to
want
something
to
happen
or
to
express
good
hopes
for
someone
•
I
wish
you
a
joyful
holiday
season
.
I
wish
you
a
joyful
holiday
season
.
•
She
wishes
she
could
play
the
guitar
like
her
older
brother
.
She
wishes
she
could
play
the
guitar
like
her
older
brother
.
Old
English
"
wyscan
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*wunskjaną
,
related
to
German
"
wünschen
"
and
Dutch
"
wensen
".
push
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
move
something
or
someone
away
from
you
by
pressing
against
it
with
your
hands
,
body
,
or
another
object
•
The
little
boy
pushed
the
toy
car
across
the
kitchen
floor
.
The
little
boy
pushed
the
toy
car
across
the
kitchen
floor
.
•
Please
push
the
door
gently
so
it
doesn
’
t
slam
.
Please
push
the
door
gently
so
it
doesn
’
t
slam
.
Old
French
pousser
,
from
Latin
pulsare
‘
to
strike
,
beat
’,
frequentative
of
pellere
‘
to
drive
’.
noun
-
push
,
pushes
an
act
of
moving
someone
or
something
away
from
you
by
pressing
against
it
•
Give
the
door
a
strong
push
and
it
will
open
.
Give
the
door
a
strong
push
and
it
will
open
.
•
With
one
big
push
,
the
crowd
moved
the
stalled
car
off
the
road
.
With
one
big
push
,
the
crowd
moved
the
stalled
car
off
the
road
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
press
a
button
,
key
,
or
switch
so
that
a
machine
starts
working
or
performs
an
action
•
Just
push
this
red
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
Just
push
this
red
button
to
start
the
coffee
machine
.
•
If
the
screen
freezes
,
push
the
power
key
for
five
seconds
.
If
the
screen
freezes
,
push
the
power
key
for
five
seconds
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
strongly
encourage
or
persuade
someone
to
do
something
,
especially
when
they
are
unwilling
•
My
coach
always
pushes
me
to
run
faster
.
My
coach
always
pushes
me
to
run
faster
.
•
Her
parents
pushed
her
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
Her
parents
pushed
her
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
.
verb
-
push
,
pushing
,
pushes
,
pushed
to
cause
something
to
increase
to
a
higher
level
or
earlier
time
•
Rising
fuel
costs
pushed
prices
up
last
month
.
Rising
fuel
costs
pushed
prices
up
last
month
.
•
The
company
hopes
the
new
product
will
push
sales
over
one
million
units
.
The
company
hopes
the
new
product
will
push
sales
over
one
million
units
.
noun
-
push
,
pushes
a
determined
effort
to
achieve
or
obtain
something
•
The
team
made
a
final
push
to
finish
the
project
before
Friday
.
The
team
made
a
final
push
to
finish
the
project
before
Friday
.
•
There
is
a
government
push
for
renewable
energy
.
There
is
a
government
push
for
renewable
energy
.
establish
verb
-
establish
,
establishing
,
establishes
,
established
to
start
or
set
up
something
,
such
as
an
organization
,
system
,
or
rule
,
that
is
meant
to
last
•
They
established
a
small
charity
to
help
stray
animals
.
They
established
a
small
charity
to
help
stray
animals
.
•
The
company
was
established
in
1998
by
two
brothers
in
a
tiny
garage
.
The
company
was
established
in
1998
by
two
brothers
in
a
tiny
garage
.
from
Old
French
establir
,
from
Latin
stabilire
“
to
make
firm
”
verb
-
establish
,
establishing
,
establishes
,
established
to
make
something
or
someone
well-known
,
respected
,
or
accepted
in
a
particular
field
or
place
•
The
young
actor
quickly
established
himself
as
a
leading
figure
in
comedy
.
The
young
actor
quickly
established
himself
as
a
leading
figure
in
comedy
.
•
Her
first
novel
established
her
reputation
as
a
serious
writer
.
Her
first
novel
established
her
reputation
as
a
serious
writer
.
verb
-
establish
,
establishing
,
establishes
,
established
to
discover
or
prove
something
to
be
true
or
certain
•
Scientists
are
working
to
establish
whether
the
vaccine
is
effective
against
new
variants
.
Scientists
are
working
to
establish
whether
the
vaccine
is
effective
against
new
variants
.
•
Police
must
establish
the
facts
before
making
an
arrest
.
Police
must
establish
the
facts
before
making
an
arrest
.
publish
verb
-
publish
,
publishing
,
publishes
,
published
to
prepare
and
issue
a
book
,
magazine
,
website
,
or
other
piece
of
writing
so
that
the
public
can
read
or
buy
it
•
The
company
will
publish
a
new
travel
guide
next
month
.
The
company
will
publish
a
new
travel
guide
next
month
.
•
After
months
of
editing
,
the
author
finally
published
her
first
novel
.
After
months
of
editing
,
the
author
finally
published
her
first
novel
.
from
Latin
“
publicare
”
meaning
“
to
make
public
.”
verb
-
publish
,
publishing
,
publishes
,
published
to
officially
announce
or
make
something
such
as
information
,
statistics
,
or
rules
available
for
everyone
to
see
•
The
school
will
publish
the
test
results
on
its
website
tomorrow
.
The
school
will
publish
the
test
results
on
its
website
tomorrow
.
•
Every
year
,
the
government
publishes
a
report
on
air
quality
.
Every
year
,
the
government
publishes
a
report
on
air
quality
.
verb
-
publish
,
publishing
,
publishes
,
published
(
of
an
author
)
to
have
one
’
s
work
printed
or
made
available
to
the
public
•
She
dreams
that
one
day
she
will
publish
with
a
major
publisher
.
She
dreams
that
one
day
she
will
publish
with
a
major
publisher
.
•
Many
scientists
must
publish
regularly
to
keep
their
jobs
.
Many
scientists
must
publish
regularly
to
keep
their
jobs
.
fish
verb
-
fish
,
fishing
,
fishes
,
fished
to
catch
or
try
to
catch
fish
,
usually
with
a
rod
,
net
,
or
line
•
They
love
to
fish
for
trout
in
the
mountain
streams
each
summer
.
They
love
to
fish
for
trout
in
the
mountain
streams
each
summer
.
•
Grandpa
taught
me
how
to
fish
with
a
simple
bamboo
rod
.
Grandpa
taught
me
how
to
fish
with
a
simple
bamboo
rod
.
verb
-
fish
,
fishing
,
fishes
,
fished
to
search
for
something
carefully
or
indirectly
,
often
with
the
hands
•
She
reached
into
her
bag
and
fished
for
her
keys
.
She
reached
into
her
bag
and
fished
for
her
keys
.
•
He
fished
around
in
the
drawer
until
he
found
a
pen
.
He
fished
around
in
the
drawer
until
he
found
a
pen
.
fresh
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
food
or
drink
that
is
fresh
has
been
made
,
picked
,
or
caught
very
recently
and
has
not
spoiled
or
been
preserved
.
•
The
bakery
opens
at
dawn
,
so
the
bread
is
always
fresh
when
you
buy
it
.
The
bakery
opens
at
dawn
,
so
the
bread
is
always
fresh
when
you
buy
it
.
•
We
bought
fresh
strawberries
straight
from
the
farm
stand
.
We
bought
fresh
strawberries
straight
from
the
farm
stand
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
air
,
water
,
or
weather
that
is
fresh
is
clean
,
cool
,
and
pleasant
.
•
Let
’
s
open
the
window
and
let
in
some
fresh
air
.
Let
’
s
open
the
window
and
let
in
some
fresh
air
.
•
After
the
rain
,
the
forest
smelled
wonderfully
fresh
.
After
the
rain
,
the
forest
smelled
wonderfully
fresh
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
something
fresh
such
as
an
idea
,
view
,
or
product
is
new
and
not
like
things
that
existed
before
.
•
The
designer
brought
a
fresh
perspective
to
the
project
.
The
designer
brought
a
fresh
perspective
to
the
project
.
•
We
need
a
fresh
idea
to
attract
more
customers
.
We
need
a
fresh
idea
to
attract
more
customers
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
if
you
feel
fresh
,
you
are
not
tired
and
are
full
of
energy
.
•
After
a
long
night
’
s
sleep
,
I
felt
fresh
and
ready
for
work
.
After
a
long
night
’
s
sleep
,
I
felt
fresh
and
ready
for
work
.
•
Take
a
cold
shower
and
you
’
ll
feel
fresh
again
.
Take
a
cold
shower
and
you
’
ll
feel
fresh
again
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
someone
or
something
that
is
fresh
from
or
out
of
a
place
or
activity
has
just
come
from
it
very
recently
.
•
She
is
fresh
out
of
college
and
eager
to
start
her
career
.
She
is
fresh
out
of
college
and
eager
to
start
her
career
.
•
The
coach
picked
players
who
were
fresh
from
the
youth
academy
.
The
coach
picked
players
who
were
fresh
from
the
youth
academy
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
informal
—
someone
who
is
fresh
behaves
in
a
slightly
rude
or
disrespectful
way
,
speaking
too
boldly
or
familiarly
.
•
Don
’
t
get
fresh
with
your
teacher
,
or
you
’
ll
be
in
trouble
.
Don
’
t
get
fresh
with
your
teacher
,
or
you
’
ll
be
in
trouble
.
•
He
made
a
fresh
remark
that
upset
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
He
made
a
fresh
remark
that
upset
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
cash
verb
-
cash
,
cashing
,
cashes
,
cashed
to
exchange
a
cheque
,
voucher
,
or
winning
ticket
for
money
•
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
After
payday
,
he
went
to
the
bank
to
cash
his
paycheck
.
•
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
You
can
cash
gift
vouchers
at
the
customer
service
desk
.
sheet
noun
a
large
rectangular
piece
of
cloth
that
covers
a
mattress
or
that
you
lie
under
in
bed
•
Maria
tucked
the
clean
sheet
tightly
under
the
mattress
.
Maria
tucked
the
clean
sheet
tightly
under
the
mattress
.
•
I
changed
the
sheet
after
our
guest
left
.
I
changed
the
sheet
after
our
guest
left
.
Middle
English
"
shete
",
from
Old
English
"
scēata
"
meaning
a
cloth
or
covering
.
noun
a
thin
flat
piece
of
material
such
as
paper
,
metal
,
or
glass
•
Write
your
answers
on
a
single
sheet
of
paper
.
Write
your
answers
on
a
single
sheet
of
paper
.
•
The
builder
measured
a
sheet
of
plywood
before
cutting
.
The
builder
measured
a
sheet
of
plywood
before
cutting
.
Sense
expanded
from
cloth
to
other
flat
materials
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
wide
thin
layer
of
something
that
spreads
over
a
surface
,
such
as
ice
,
water
,
or
flame
•
A
thin
sheet
of
ice
covered
the
pond
.
A
thin
sheet
of
ice
covered
the
pond
.
•
Lightning
lit
up
a
sheet
of
rain
falling
over
the
city
.
Lightning
lit
up
a
sheet
of
rain
falling
over
the
city
.
Metaphoric
extension
from
flat
cloth
to
flat
natural
layers
appeared
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
to
cover
something
with
a
sheet
of
material
•
Workers
sheeted
the
roof
with
corrugated
metal
.
Workers
sheeted
the
roof
with
corrugated
metal
.
•
Before
painting
,
she
sheets
the
floor
with
plastic
.
Before
painting
,
she
sheets
the
floor
with
plastic
.
Verbal
use
recorded
since
the
18th
century
,
derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
placing
sheets
over
something
.
noun
(
nautical
)
a
rope
or
line
used
to
control
the
angle
of
a
sail
to
the
wind
•
The
helmsman
eased
the
mainsail
sheet
to
slow
the
boat
.
The
helmsman
eased
the
mainsail
sheet
to
slow
the
boat
.
•
Keep
the
jib
sheet
tight
while
we
tack
!
Keep
the
jib
sheet
tight
while
we
tack
!
From
Middle
Dutch
“
scheet
”
meaning
‘
rope
attached
to
a
sail
’;
adopted
into
English
nautical
vocabulary
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
to
move
,
fall
,
or
spread
in
a
wide
continuous
layer
•
Rain
sheeted
down
the
mountainside
.
Rain
sheeted
down
the
mountainside
.
•
Steam
sheets
across
the
kitchen
when
the
lid
is
lifted
.
Steam
sheets
across
the
kitchen
when
the
lid
is
lifted
.
Figurative
intransitive
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
,
influenced
by
imagery
of
water
spreading
like
cloth
.
dish
noun
-
dish
,
dishes
,
dishing
,
dished
a
shallow
container
such
as
a
plate
or
bowl
used
for
serving
or
cooking
food
•
She
placed
a
steaming
dish
of
pasta
in
the
center
of
the
table
.
She
placed
a
steaming
dish
of
pasta
in
the
center
of
the
table
.
•
Please
wash
the
glass
dish
carefully
;
it's
fragile
.
Please
wash
the
glass
dish
carefully
;
it's
fragile
.
Old
English
‘
disc
’,
from
Latin
‘
discus
’
meaning
‘
plate
,
quoit
’.
rush
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
move
or
do
something
with
great
speed
,
often
because
there
is
little
time
•
We
had
to
rush
to
catch
the
last
train
.
We
had
to
rush
to
catch
the
last
train
.
•
She
rushed
through
her
homework
so
she
could
watch
TV
.
She
rushed
through
her
homework
so
she
could
watch
TV
.
From
Middle
English
rushen
,
from
Old
French
ruser
“
rush
,
drive
back
”,
influenced
by
Anglo-Norman
russher
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
sudden
hurry
when
you
try
to
do
things
quickly
because
you
do
not
have
much
time
•
In
her
rush
to
leave
,
she
spilled
coffee
everywhere
.
In
her
rush
to
leave
,
she
spilled
coffee
everywhere
.
•
There's
no
rush
—
take
your
time
.
There's
no
rush
—
take
your
time
.
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
take
or
send
somebody
or
something
somewhere
very
quickly
because
it
is
urgent
•
They
rushed
the
injured
man
to
the
hospital
.
They
rushed
the
injured
man
to
the
hospital
.
•
The
company
rushed
a
replacement
part
to
the
customer
.
The
company
rushed
a
replacement
part
to
the
customer
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
time
when
many
people
all
want
to
do
or
get
something
at
the
same
moment
,
making
the
situation
busy
or
crowded
•
The
subway
is
packed
during
the
morning
rush
.
The
subway
is
packed
during
the
morning
rush
.
•
Shops
hire
extra
staff
for
the
Christmas
shopping
rush
.
Shops
hire
extra
staff
for
the
Christmas
shopping
rush
.
adjective
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
done
or
happening
very
quickly
because
it
is
urgent
•
They
placed
a
rush
order
for
the
wedding
invitations
.
They
placed
a
rush
order
for
the
wedding
invitations
.
•
The
editor
asked
for
a
rush
rewrite
of
the
article
.
The
editor
asked
for
a
rush
rewrite
of
the
article
.
verb
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
to
move
forward
quickly
and
forcefully
toward
someone
or
something
,
often
to
attack
or
pressure
them
•
The
soldiers
rushed
the
enemy
position
at
dawn
.
The
soldiers
rushed
the
enemy
position
at
dawn
.
•
Fans
rushed
the
stage
when
the
band
appeared
.
Fans
rushed
the
stage
when
the
band
appeared
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
sudden
strong
feeling
of
excitement
or
energy
that
you
experience
,
especially
from
fear
,
pleasure
,
or
a
drug
•
He
felt
an
adrenaline
rush
when
the
roller
coaster
dropped
.
He
felt
an
adrenaline
rush
when
the
roller
coaster
dropped
.
•
The
music
gave
her
a
rush
of
excitement
.
The
music
gave
her
a
rush
of
excitement
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
in
US
colleges
,
a
period
of
events
when
fraternities
or
sororities
try
to
recruit
new
members
•
During
rush
,
each
fraternity
hosts
themed
parties
.
During
rush
,
each
fraternity
hosts
themed
parties
.
•
She
felt
overwhelmed
by
the
constant
invitations
in
sorority
rush
.
She
felt
overwhelmed
by
the
constant
invitations
in
sorority
rush
.
noun
-
rush
,
rushes
,
rushing
,
rushed
a
tall
,
thin
,
grass-like
plant
that
grows
in
wet
ground
and
is
often
used
for
weaving
mats
or
baskets
•
Brown
rush
grew
along
the
edges
of
the
pond
.
Brown
rush
grew
along
the
edges
of
the
pond
.
•
We
used
dried
rush
to
weave
baskets
.
We
used
dried
rush
to
weave
baskets
.
wash
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
to
clean
something
or
yourself
with
water
,
usually
with
soap
•
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
Please
wash
your
hands
before
dinner
.
•
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
I
need
to
wash
the
car
this
weekend
.
Old
English
‘
wæscan
’,
related
to
German
‘
waschen
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
‘
to
clean
with
water
’.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
clothes
or
other
items
that
need
to
be
,
are
being
,
or
have
just
been
cleaned
with
water
•
I
hung
the
wash
on
the
line
to
dry
.
I
hung
the
wash
on
the
line
to
dry
.
•
The
machine
finished
a
quick
wash
in
thirty
minutes
.
The
machine
finished
a
quick
wash
in
thirty
minutes
.
Developed
from
the
verb
meaning
to
clean
;
recorded
as
a
noun
for
clothes
from
the
late
17th
century
.
verb
-
wash
,
washing
,
washes
,
washed
(
of
water
)
to
flow
over
or
against
something
•
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
Waves
wash
against
the
rocks
below
the
cliff
.
•
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
At
high
tide
,
seawater
washes
over
the
road
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
the
cleaning
sense
,
extended
metaphorically
to
moving
water
.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
a
thin
,
watery
layer
of
paint
or
ink
used
to
give
a
light
shade
of
color
•
The
artist
applied
a
blue
wash
over
the
sky
area
of
the
canvas
.
The
artist
applied
a
blue
wash
over
the
sky
area
of
the
canvas
.
•
A
sepia
wash
can
give
drawings
an
antique
look
.
A
sepia
wash
can
give
drawings
an
antique
look
.
Borrowed
into
art
vocabulary
in
the
17th
century
,
likening
the
diluted
paint
to
water
used
for
washing
.
noun
-
wash
,
washes
(
informal
)
a
situation
in
which
the
gains
and
losses
balance
so
that
the
final
effect
is
zero
•
The
extra
cost
was
offset
by
the
discount
,
so
it
was
basically
a
wash
.
The
extra
cost
was
offset
by
the
discount
,
so
it
was
basically
a
wash
.
•
My
winnings
covered
my
losses
at
the
casino
,
making
the
night
a
wash
.
My
winnings
covered
my
losses
at
the
casino
,
making
the
night
a
wash
.
American
English
,
mid-20th
century
,
from
bookkeeping
slang
where
equal
debits
and
credits
‘
wash
out
’.
accomplish
verb
-
accomplish
,
accomplishing
,
accomplishes
,
accomplished
to
succeed
in
doing
something
important
that
you
planned
or
worked
hard
for
•
After
months
of
training
,
Maya
finally
accomplished
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
Maya
finally
accomplished
her
dream
of
running
a
marathon
.
•
The
engineers
accomplished
a
major
breakthrough
by
making
the
battery
last
twice
as
long
.
The
engineers
accomplished
a
major
breakthrough
by
making
the
battery
last
twice
as
long
.
From
Middle
English
accomplisshen
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
acomplir
,
from
Latin
ad-
‘
to
’
+
complēre
‘
fill
,
complete
’.
verb
-
accomplish
,
accomplishing
,
accomplishes
,
accomplished
to
finish
or
complete
a
task
,
job
,
or
piece
of
work
successfully
•
We
need
to
accomplish
the
report
before
the
deadline
on
Friday
.
We
need
to
accomplish
the
report
before
the
deadline
on
Friday
.
•
With
clear
instructions
,
the
children
quickly
accomplished
the
puzzle
.
With
clear
instructions
,
the
children
quickly
accomplished
the
puzzle
.
From
Middle
English
accomplisshen
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
acomplir
,
from
Latin
ad-
‘
to
’
+
complēre
‘
fill
,
complete
’.
sheriff
noun
the
elected
official
who
is
the
chief
law-enforcement
officer
of
a
county
in
the
United
States
,
supervising
deputies
,
running
the
county
jail
,
and
carrying
out
court
orders
•
The
newly
elected
sheriff
promised
to
make
the
streets
safer
.
The
newly
elected
sheriff
promised
to
make
the
streets
safer
.
•
A
deputy
hurried
down
the
hallway
to
brief
the
sheriff
about
an
escaped
prisoner
.
A
deputy
hurried
down
the
hallway
to
brief
the
sheriff
about
an
escaped
prisoner
.
From
Middle
English
shire
reeve
,
the
royal
official
responsible
for
keeping
the
peace
in
a
shire
(
county
)
in
medieval
England
.
noun
in
the
United
Kingdom
,
a
ceremonial
or
judicial
officer
,
such
as
the
high
sheriff
of
an
English
county
or
a
judge
in
the
Scottish
sheriff
court
•
The
sheriff
read
out
the
court's
decision
in
Edinburgh
.
The
sheriff
read
out
the
court's
decision
in
Edinburgh
.
•
Each
year
a
new
sheriff
is
appointed
to
represent
the
county
at
official
events
.
Each
year
a
new
sheriff
is
appointed
to
represent
the
county
at
official
events
.
Originally
an
Anglo-Saxon
royal
officer
called
the
shire
reeve
,
responsible
for
law
and
order
in
a
shire
;
over
centuries
the
role
evolved
into
various
ceremonial
and
judicial
functions
in
the
UK
.
publisher
noun
a
person
or
company
that
prepares
,
produces
,
and
sells
books
,
magazines
,
newspapers
,
or
other
written
or
digital
works
•
After
finishing
her
novel
,
Maria
sent
it
to
a
well-known
publisher
in
New
York
.
After
finishing
her
novel
,
Maria
sent
it
to
a
well-known
publisher
in
New
York
.
•
The
children's
book
publisher
added
colorful
illustrations
to
attract
young
readers
.
The
children's
book
publisher
added
colorful
illustrations
to
attract
young
readers
.
from
‘
publish
’
+
‘
-er
’,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
15th
century
noun
in
computing
,
a
program
or
component
that
sends
out
data
or
messages
for
other
programs
(
subscribers
)
to
receive
•
In
the
messaging
system
,
the
publisher
sends
temperature
updates
every
minute
.
In
the
messaging
system
,
the
publisher
sends
temperature
updates
every
minute
.
•
Each
time
a
user
posts
a
photo
,
a
publisher
event
is
created
for
the
news
feed
.
Each
time
a
user
posts
a
photo
,
a
publisher
event
is
created
for
the
news
feed
.
extended
from
the
traditional
sense
of
‘
publisher
’
to
computing
in
the
late
20th
century
,
by
analogy
with
disseminating
information
crash
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
to
hit
something
or
someone
hard
while
moving
,
usually
causing
damage
,
noise
,
or
injury
•
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
The
red
sports
car
crashed
into
a
lamppost
after
skidding
on
the
wet
road
.
•
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
During
the
race
,
one
cyclist
lost
control
and
crashed
in
a
sharp
corner
.
Middle
English
“
crasshen
”,
likely
imitative
of
a
loud
smashing
sound
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
serious
accident
in
which
a
vehicle
hits
something
or
another
vehicle
•
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
The
motorway
was
closed
for
hours
after
a
multi-car
crash
.
•
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
Luckily
no
one
was
hurt
in
the
minor
fender-bender
crash
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
of
a
computer
or
program
)
to
suddenly
stop
working
and
close
unexpectedly
•
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
My
laptop
crashed
just
before
I
could
save
the
final
draft
of
my
essay
.
•
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
The
game
kept
crashing
every
time
we
reached
the
boss
level
.
verb
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
(
informal
)
to
sleep
or
stay
somewhere
for
a
short
time
without
planning
,
usually
because
you
are
tired
•
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
Is
it
okay
if
I
crash
on
your
sofa
tonight
after
the
concert
?
•
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
We
crashed
at
a
cheap
hostel
instead
of
driving
home
in
the
storm
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
loud
noise
made
when
something
heavy
hits
or
falls
•
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
I
woke
up
to
the
crash
of
thunder
right
above
the
house
.
•
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
There
was
a
loud
crash
in
the
kitchen
when
the
shelf
broke
.
adjective
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
quick
and
intensive
,
designed
to
teach
or
achieve
something
in
a
very
short
time
•
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
She
took
a
crash
course
in
Spanish
before
her
trip
to
Mexico
.
•
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
The
company
organized
a
crash
training
session
to
teach
staff
the
new
software
.
noun
-
crash
,
crashes
,
crashing
,
crashed
a
sudden
and
severe
drop
in
the
value
of
shares
,
property
,
or
the
economy
•
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
The
stock
market
crash
of
1929
led
to
the
Great
Depression
.
•
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
Economists
fear
another
housing
crash
if
prices
keep
rising
too
fast
.
shelter
noun
-
shelter
protection
or
cover
from
bad
weather
,
danger
,
or
harm
•
The
large
oak
tree
gave
us
shelter
from
the
sudden
rain
.
The
large
oak
tree
gave
us
shelter
from
the
sudden
rain
.
•
Caves
offered
early
humans
natural
shelter
against
predators
.
Caves
offered
early
humans
natural
shelter
against
predators
.
noun
a
building
or
place
that
provides
temporary
housing
and
protection
for
people
or
animals
who
have
nowhere
else
to
stay
•
After
the
hurricane
,
dozens
of
families
stayed
in
a
shelter
set
up
in
the
high
school
gym
.
After
the
hurricane
,
dozens
of
families
stayed
in
a
shelter
set
up
in
the
high
school
gym
.
•
The
stray
dog
was
taken
to
an
animal
shelter
where
veterinarians
checked
his
health
.
The
stray
dog
was
taken
to
an
animal
shelter
where
veterinarians
checked
his
health
.
From
Middle
English
schelter
,
probably
related
to
Old
Norse
skjól
“
protection
,
cover
.”
verb
to
protect
or
give
refuge
to
someone
or
something
,
or
to
take
cover
oneself
•
Locals
opened
their
homes
and
sheltered
tourists
when
the
airport
closed
.
Locals
opened
their
homes
and
sheltered
tourists
when
the
airport
closed
.
•
During
the
thunderstorm
,
we
sheltered
under
a
stone
arch
.
During
the
thunderstorm
,
we
sheltered
under
a
stone
arch
.
shelf
noun
-
shelf
,
shelves
a
flat
board
fixed
to
a
wall
or
inside
a
cupboard
where
you
put
things
so
they
are
stored
or
displayed
•
Emma
lined
up
her
cookbooks
neatly
on
the
kitchen
shelf
.
Emma
lined
up
her
cookbooks
neatly
on
the
kitchen
shelf
.
•
The
top
shelf
was
too
high
for
the
child
to
reach
.
The
top
shelf
was
too
high
for
the
child
to
reach
.
Old
English
"
scylfe
",
related
to
Old
Norse
"
skjalf
",
meaning
a
bench
or
ledge
,
later
extended
to
the
furniture
sense
.
noun
-
shelf
,
shelves
a
narrow
ledge
of
rock
,
ice
,
or
land
that
sticks
out
from
the
side
of
a
cliff
,
hill
,
or
other
surface
•
A
narrow
rock
shelf
jutted
out
over
the
canyon
,
giving
hikers
a
place
to
rest
.
A
narrow
rock
shelf
jutted
out
over
the
canyon
,
giving
hikers
a
place
to
rest
.
•
The
climber
carefully
edged
along
the
icy
shelf
.
The
climber
carefully
edged
along
the
icy
shelf
.
From
the
same
Old
English
root
as
the
furniture
sense
,
originally
meaning
'ledge'
.
noun
-
shelf
,
shelves
the
area
of
shallow
seabed
around
a
continent
that
slopes
gently
before
dropping
to
the
deep
ocean
floor
•
Many
oil
rigs
are
built
on
the
continental
shelf
because
the
water
is
shallow
.
Many
oil
rigs
are
built
on
the
continental
shelf
because
the
water
is
shallow
.
•
The
ship
left
the
shelf
and
entered
deeper
ocean
waters
.
The
ship
left
the
shelf
and
entered
deeper
ocean
waters
.
Applied
to
underwater
geography
in
the
late
19th
century
by
analogy
with
a
land
shelf
—
a
flat
supporting
ledge
.
flesh
noun
-
flesh
,
fleshes
the
soft
,
often
juicy
part
of
a
fruit
or
vegetable
that
you
eat
•
She
scooped
out
the
sweet
orange
flesh
of
the
mango
with
a
spoon
.
She
scooped
out
the
sweet
orange
flesh
of
the
mango
with
a
spoon
.
•
Pumpkin
flesh
becomes
soft
and
creamy
when
roasted
in
the
oven
.
Pumpkin
flesh
becomes
soft
and
creamy
when
roasted
in
the
oven
.
Extension
of
the
anatomical
sense
to
edible
plant
parts
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
-
flesh
,
fleshes
the
soft
parts
of
the
body
such
as
muscle
and
fat
that
lie
beneath
the
skin
and
around
the
bones
•
The
knife
accidentally
cut
into
his
flesh
,
and
he
needed
stitches
.
The
knife
accidentally
cut
into
his
flesh
,
and
he
needed
stitches
.
•
Lions
use
their
sharp
teeth
to
rip
the
flesh
from
a
zebra
carcass
on
the
savanna
.
Lions
use
their
sharp
teeth
to
rip
the
flesh
from
a
zebra
carcass
on
the
savanna
.
Old
English
flǣsc
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
vlees
and
German
Fleisch
.
noun
-
flesh
,
fleshes
the
human
body
and
its
physical
nature
,
especially
when
contrasted
with
the
mind
or
spirit
•
Meditation
helps
her
look
beyond
the
needs
of
the
flesh
and
calm
her
thoughts
.
Meditation
helps
her
look
beyond
the
needs
of
the
flesh
and
calm
her
thoughts
.
•
He
believed
the
desires
of
the
flesh
could
distract
people
from
spiritual
growth
.
He
believed
the
desires
of
the
flesh
could
distract
people
from
spiritual
growth
.
Biblical
and
theological
use
contrasting
the
physical
body
with
the
spirit
dates
back
to
early
English
translations
of
the
Bible
.
brush
noun
-
brush
,
brushes
a
tool
with
a
handle
and
many
bristles
used
for
cleaning
,
painting
,
or
arranging
hair
•
Maria
picked
up
a
brush
and
started
painting
the
sunset
on
the
canvas
.
Maria
picked
up
a
brush
and
started
painting
the
sunset
on
the
canvas
.
•
Before
school
,
Jason
always
runs
a
brush
through
his
hair
to
tidy
it
.
Before
school
,
Jason
always
runs
a
brush
through
his
hair
to
tidy
it
.
From
Old
French
‘
broce
’
meaning
“
brushwood
,
small
branches
,”
later
applied
to
the
cleaning
tool
because
early
brushes
were
made
of
twigs
.
verb
-
brush
,
brushing
,
brushes
,
brushed
to
move
a
brush
over
something
to
clean
it
,
apply
paint
,
or
make
it
tidy
•
Please
brush
your
teeth
after
every
meal
.
Please
brush
your
teeth
after
every
meal
.
•
The
artist
carefully
brushed
blue
paint
onto
the
sky
of
his
landscape
.
The
artist
carefully
brushed
blue
paint
onto
the
sky
of
his
landscape
.
verb
-
brush
,
brushing
,
brushes
,
brushed
to
touch
something
or
someone
very
lightly
while
passing
•
A
butterfly
brushed
my
arm
as
it
flew
by
.
A
butterfly
brushed
my
arm
as
it
flew
by
.
•
The
cat
brushes
against
my
leg
when
it
wants
food
.
The
cat
brushes
against
my
leg
when
it
wants
food
.
noun
-
brush
,
brushes
a
short
or
slight
encounter
or
experience
with
something
,
often
unpleasant
or
dangerous
•
He
had
a
brush
with
the
law
when
he
was
a
teenager
.
He
had
a
brush
with
the
law
when
he
was
a
teenager
.
•
The
climbers
had
a
close
brush
with
death
when
a
rock
fell
past
them
.
The
climbers
had
a
close
brush
with
death
when
a
rock
fell
past
them
.
distinguish
verb
-
distinguish
,
distinguishing
,
distinguishes
,
distinguished
to
recognize
and
show
the
difference
between
two
or
more
people
or
things
•
In
the
thick
morning
mist
,
it
was
hard
to
distinguish
the
shore
from
the
sea
.
In
the
thick
morning
mist
,
it
was
hard
to
distinguish
the
shore
from
the
sea
.
•
Babies
can
quickly
distinguish
their
mother's
voice
from
every
other
sound
in
the
room
.
Babies
can
quickly
distinguish
their
mother's
voice
from
every
other
sound
in
the
room
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
distinguere
“
to
separate
,
divide
,
discern
.”
verb
-
distinguish
,
distinguishing
,
distinguishes
,
distinguished
to
be
the
special
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
different
from
others
•
A
bright
red
door
distinguishes
the
cottage
from
all
its
neighbors
.
A
bright
red
door
distinguishes
the
cottage
from
all
its
neighbors
.
•
Her
gentle
humor
distinguishes
her
teaching
style
.
Her
gentle
humor
distinguishes
her
teaching
style
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
distinguere
“
to
separate
,
divide
,
discern
.”
verb
-
distinguish
,
distinguishing
,
distinguishes
,
distinguished
to
do
something
so
well
that
people
notice
and
admire
you
•
The
young
researcher
distinguished
herself
by
discovering
a
new
species
of
beetle
.
The
young
researcher
distinguished
herself
by
discovering
a
new
species
of
beetle
.
•
He
distinguished
himself
in
battle
with
acts
of
bravery
.
He
distinguished
himself
in
battle
with
acts
of
bravery
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
distinguere
“
to
separate
,
divide
,
discern
.”
punish
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
to
make
someone
suffer
a
penalty
because
they
have
done
something
wrong
•
If
you
break
the
rules
,
the
teacher
will
punish
you
.
If
you
break
the
rules
,
the
teacher
will
punish
you
.
•
The
law
punishes
people
who
drive
under
the
influence
of
alcohol
.
The
law
punishes
people
who
drive
under
the
influence
of
alcohol
.
From
Old
French
puniss-
,
stem
of
punir
,
from
Latin
punīre
“
to
penalize
,
to
inflict
a
penalty
,”
related
to
poena
“
penalty
,
pain
.”
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
to
cause
great
pain
,
damage
,
or
strain
to
someone
or
something
•
The
strong
winds
punished
the
small
fishing
boats
all
night
.
The
strong
winds
punished
the
small
fishing
boats
all
night
.
•
Running
on
concrete
can
punish
your
knees
over
time
.
Running
on
concrete
can
punish
your
knees
over
time
.
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
(
slang
)
to
eat
or
drink
a
large
amount
of
something
quickly
and
with
enthusiasm
•
After
the
marathon
,
she
punished
a
huge
burger
and
fries
.
After
the
marathon
,
she
punished
a
huge
burger
and
fries
.
•
They
punished
a
case
of
soda
during
the
party
.
They
punished
a
case
of
soda
during
the
party
.