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pen
noun
a
small
handheld
tool
that
uses
ink
to
write
or
draw
•
Maria
signed
her
name
with
a
blue
pen
and
smiled
.
Maria
signed
her
name
with
a
blue
pen
and
smiled
.
•
The
student
frantically
searched
her
bag
for
a
working
pen
before
the
exam
began
.
The
student
frantically
searched
her
bag
for
a
working
pen
before
the
exam
began
.
From
Old
English
‘
penne
’
borrowed
from
Latin
‘
penna
’
meaning
feather
,
because
early
pens
were
made
from
bird
quills
.
noun
a
small
fenced
area
that
keeps
animals
in
one
place
•
The
farmer
guided
the
sheep
into
the
wooden
pen
for
the
night
.
The
farmer
guided
the
sheep
into
the
wooden
pen
for
the
night
.
•
At
the
petting
zoo
,
children
fed
carrots
to
goats
inside
the
small
pen
.
At
the
petting
zoo
,
children
fed
carrots
to
goats
inside
the
small
pen
.
Old
English
‘
penn
’
meaning
enclosure
or
fold
.
verb
-
pen
,
penning
,
pens
,
penned
to
write
something
such
as
a
letter
,
article
,
or
song
•
The
journalist
will
pen
an
article
about
the
festival
.
The
journalist
will
pen
an
article
about
the
festival
.
•
She
penned
a
heartfelt
letter
to
her
grandmother
.
She
penned
a
heartfelt
letter
to
her
grandmother
.
First
used
in
late
Middle
English
,
originally
meaning
‘
to
write
with
a
pen
’.
noun
an
adult
female
swan
•
The
graceful
pen
glided
across
the
lake
with
her
cygnets
following
.
The
graceful
pen
glided
across
the
lake
with
her
cygnets
following
.
•
The
wildlife
guide
pointed
out
the
pen
guarding
her
nest
on
the
riverbank
.
The
wildlife
guide
pointed
out
the
pen
guarding
her
nest
on
the
riverbank
.
Origin
uncertain
;
probably
from
Old
Norse
‘
penn
’
meaning
female
bird
.
noun
a
prison
,
especially
a
large
state
or
federal
one
•
After
the
trial
,
the
criminal
was
sent
to
the
pen
for
ten
years
.
After
the
trial
,
the
criminal
was
sent
to
the
pen
for
ten
years
.
•
He
spent
most
of
his
twenties
in
the
pen
,
regretting
his
choices
.
He
spent
most
of
his
twenties
in
the
pen
,
regretting
his
choices
.
Shortening
of
‘
penitentiary
’,
first
recorded
in
U
.
S
.
slang
in
the
late
1800s
.
penalty
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
a
punishment
or
other
negative
consequence
given
when
someone
breaks
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
If
you
pay
your
taxes
late
,
you
have
to
pay
a
penalty
.
If
you
pay
your
taxes
late
,
you
have
to
pay
a
penalty
.
•
Students
caught
cheating
face
the
penalty
of
suspension
.
Students
caught
cheating
face
the
penalty
of
suspension
.
Borrowed
in
the
16th
century
from
Medieval
Latin
poenalitās
,
from
Latin
poena
“
punishment
,
penalty
.”
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
in
sports
,
an
official
punishment
that
gives
the
opposing
team
an
advantage
because
a
player
or
team
has
broken
a
rule
•
The
referee
signaled
a
penalty
for
the
defender
’
s
rough
tackle
.
The
referee
signaled
a
penalty
for
the
defender
’
s
rough
tackle
.
•
The
team
lost
yards
because
of
an
offside
penalty
.
The
team
lost
yards
because
of
an
offside
penalty
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
punishment
to
sports
in
the
late
19th
century
as
modern
rules
were
codified
.
noun
-
penalty
,
penalties
in
soccer
and
similar
sports
,
a
free
shot
at
goal
taken
from
a
set
spot
because
the
other
team
committed
a
foul
in
the
penalty
area
•
The
striker
stepped
up
to
take
the
decisive
penalty
.
The
striker
stepped
up
to
take
the
decisive
penalty
.
•
In
stoppage
time
,
a
late
penalty
won
the
match
.
In
stoppage
time
,
a
late
penalty
won
the
match
.
This
sense
grew
out
of
soccer
’
s
1891
rule
introducing
the
‘
penalty
kick
,’
soon
shortened
to
‘
penalty
.’
pension
noun
money
that
a
person
regularly
receives
after
they
retire
from
work
,
usually
paid
each
month
by
the
government
or
by
a
former
employer
•
After
working
for
forty
years
,
Maria
was
happy
to
live
comfortably
on
her
pension
.
After
working
for
forty
years
,
Maria
was
happy
to
live
comfortably
on
her
pension
.
•
He
spent
part
of
his
monthly
pension
on
gifts
for
his
grandchildren
.
He
spent
part
of
his
monthly
pension
on
gifts
for
his
grandchildren
.
From
Latin
pensiō
‘
payment
’,
through
Old
French
pension
meaning
‘
regular
payment
’
noun
a
small
,
inexpensive
hotel
or
guesthouse
,
especially
in
Europe
,
where
meals
are
often
included
with
the
room
•
We
booked
a
cozy
pension
near
the
Austrian
lake
for
our
summer
holiday
.
We
booked
a
cozy
pension
near
the
Austrian
lake
for
our
summer
holiday
.
•
The
pension
owner
greeted
us
with
homemade
soup
when
we
arrived
.
The
pension
owner
greeted
us
with
homemade
soup
when
we
arrived
.
Borrowed
from
French
pension
‘
boarding
house
that
provides
meals
’
happen
verb
to
occur
or
take
place
,
especially
without
being
planned
•
No
one
expected
the
power
cut
,
but
it
happened
during
dinner
.
No
one
expected
the
power
cut
,
but
it
happened
during
dinner
.
•
Strange
things
happen
in
this
old
house
at
night
.
Strange
things
happen
in
this
old
house
at
night
.
verb
to
occur
to
or
befall
someone
or
something
,
especially
something
unexpected
or
negative
•
What
happened
to
your
arm
?
Did
you
hurt
yourself
?
What
happened
to
your
arm
?
Did
you
hurt
yourself
?
•
A
funny
thing
happened
to
me
on
the
way
to
work
.
A
funny
thing
happened
to
me
on
the
way
to
work
.
verb
to
do
or
experience
something
by
chance
,
often
followed
by
an
infinitive
•
I
happened
to
see
your
sister
at
the
market
yesterday
.
I
happened
to
see
your
sister
at
the
market
yesterday
.
•
If
you
happen
to
find
my
keys
,
please
call
me
.
If
you
happen
to
find
my
keys
,
please
call
me
.
spend
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
give
money
in
order
to
pay
for
goods
,
services
,
or
activities
•
We
spent
nearly
all
our
savings
on
the
new
roof
.
We
spent
nearly
all
our
savings
on
the
new
roof
.
•
Tourists
love
to
spend
money
on
local
crafts
.
Tourists
love
to
spend
money
on
local
crafts
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
use
time
doing
something
or
in
a
particular
place
•
They
spent
the
afternoon
playing
board
games
indoors
because
of
the
rain
.
They
spent
the
afternoon
playing
board
games
indoors
because
of
the
rain
.
•
I
like
to
spend
my
weekends
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
I
like
to
spend
my
weekends
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
use
up
or
exhaust
effort
,
energy
,
or
other
resources
•
After
the
marathon
,
she
felt
she
had
spent
every
ounce
of
energy
.
After
the
marathon
,
she
felt
she
had
spent
every
ounce
of
energy
.
•
Don't
spend
all
your
strength
lifting
that
heavy
box
at
once
.
Don't
spend
all
your
strength
lifting
that
heavy
box
at
once
.
noun
the
amount
of
money
that
is
spent
on
something
•
Our
advertising
spend
increased
last
quarter
.
Our
advertising
spend
increased
last
quarter
.
•
The
company
cut
its
IT
spend
by
10
percent
.
The
company
cut
its
IT
spend
by
10
percent
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
come
to
an
end
by
being
completely
used
up
or
exhausted
•
By
midnight
,
the
storm
had
spent
itself
.
By
midnight
,
the
storm
had
spent
itself
.
•
The
fireworks
quickly
spend
their
brilliance
and
fade
.
The
fireworks
quickly
spend
their
brilliance
and
fade
.
open
adjective
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
not
shut
;
allowing
air
,
light
,
or
passage
through
•
Please
keep
the
window
open
so
fresh
air
can
come
in
.
Please
keep
the
window
open
so
fresh
air
can
come
in
.
•
The
book
lay
open
on
the
desk
with
notes
scattered
around
it
.
The
book
lay
open
on
the
desk
with
notes
scattered
around
it
.
verb
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
to
move
or
remove
something
that
blocks
a
space
so
it
is
no
longer
closed
•
He
opened
the
door
and
greeted
his
friends
.
He
opened
the
door
and
greeted
his
friends
.
•
Could
you
open
this
jar
for
me
?
It
’
s
stuck
.
Could
you
open
this
jar
for
me
?
It
’
s
stuck
.
adjective
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
accessible
or
available
to
everyone
;
not
restricted
•
The
museum
exhibition
is
open
to
everyone
,
even
on
holidays
.
The
museum
exhibition
is
open
to
everyone
,
even
on
holidays
.
•
Our
class
discussion
is
open
to
any
ideas
you
may
have
.
Our
class
discussion
is
open
to
any
ideas
you
may
have
.
verb
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
to
begin
operating
or
be
ready
for
customers
or
activity
•
The
library
opens
at
eight
o
’
clock
every
weekday
.
The
library
opens
at
eight
o
’
clock
every
weekday
.
•
A
new
bakery
opened
on
Main
Street
last
week
.
A
new
bakery
opened
on
Main
Street
last
week
.
noun
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
the
outdoors
where
there
are
no
walls
or
roof
;
the
countryside
or
fresh
air
•
The
hikers
camped
in
open
fields
under
the
stars
.
The
hikers
camped
in
open
fields
under
the
stars
.
•
She
prefers
to
paint
in
the
open
where
the
light
is
natural
.
She
prefers
to
paint
in
the
open
where
the
light
is
natural
.
Open
noun
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
a
sports
tournament
that
anyone
may
enter
,
regardless
of
ranking
or
invitation
•
She
qualified
for
the
Australian
Open
after
months
of
training
.
She
qualified
for
the
Australian
Open
after
months
of
training
.
•
The
local
tennis
club
hosts
an
annual
Open
in
July
.
The
local
tennis
club
hosts
an
annual
Open
in
July
.
depend
verb
-
depend
,
depending
,
depends
,
depended
to
be
decided
or
influenced
by
something
else
;
to
be
conditional
on
a
particular
factor
•
Whether
we
go
camping
tomorrow
will
depend
on
the
weather
.
Whether
we
go
camping
tomorrow
will
depend
on
the
weather
.
•
The
success
of
the
project
depends
on
everyone's
cooperation
.
The
success
of
the
project
depends
on
everyone's
cooperation
.
From
Latin
dependēre
“
to
hang
from
,
be
contingent
upon
” (
de-
“
down
”
+
pendēre
“
to
hang
”).
verb
-
depend
,
depending
,
depends
,
depended
to
need
someone
or
something
for
support
,
help
,
or
survival
;
to
rely
on
•
Young
children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
shelter
.
Young
children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
shelter
.
•
Many
rural
villages
depend
on
a
single
well
for
clean
water
.
Many
rural
villages
depend
on
a
single
well
for
clean
water
.
Same
origin
as
the
first
sense
:
Latin
dependēre
“
to
hang
from
,
be
supported
by
.”
independent
adjective
not
controlled
,
helped
,
or
influenced
by
other
people
,
things
,
or
countries
•
At
eighteen
,
Maria
moved
into
her
own
flat
to
become
independent
.
At
eighteen
,
Maria
moved
into
her
own
flat
to
become
independent
.
•
The
small
island
nation
became
independent
after
decades
of
foreign
rule
.
The
small
island
nation
became
independent
after
decades
of
foreign
rule
.
From
Latin
'independens'
meaning
‘
not
relying
on
something
else
’,
formed
from
in-
‘
not
’
+
dependere
‘
to
hang
from
’.
noun
a
person
,
group
,
or
business
that
does
not
belong
to
or
depend
on
a
larger
organization
,
especially
a
voter
or
politician
with
no
political
party
•
The
independent
won
the
mayor
’
s
race
,
surprising
the
big
parties
.
The
independent
won
the
mayor
’
s
race
,
surprising
the
big
parties
.
•
As
an
independent
,
Carla
judges
each
election
by
the
issues
,
not
by
party
loyalty
.
As
an
independent
,
Carla
judges
each
election
by
the
issues
,
not
by
party
loyalty
.
From
the
adjective
‘
independent
’;
used
as
a
noun
since
the
17th
century
to
describe
people
or
groups
standing
alone
.
expensive
adjective
costing
a
lot
of
money
;
having
a
high
price
•
The
designer
handbag
was
too
expensive
for
me
to
buy
.
The
designer
handbag
was
too
expensive
for
me
to
buy
.
•
We
chose
a
smaller
apartment
because
the
downtown
ones
were
expensive
.
We
chose
a
smaller
apartment
because
the
downtown
ones
were
expensive
.
From
the
Latin
‘
expensus
’ (
weighed
out
,
paid
),
via
Middle
French
‘
expensif
’,
into
English
around
the
17th
century
.
adjective
requiring
a
lot
of
time
,
effort
,
or
computing
resources
to
perform
or
run
•
Running
that
3D
simulation
is
expensive
in
terms
of
processing
power
.
Running
that
3D
simulation
is
expensive
in
terms
of
processing
power
.
•
Copying
the
whole
database
for
each
test
is
an
expensive
operation
.
Copying
the
whole
database
for
each
test
is
an
expensive
operation
.
opening
noun
a
hole
,
gap
,
or
empty
space
in
something
that
people
,
light
,
or
objects
can
pass
through
.
•
A
small
opening
in
the
garden
fence
let
the
rabbit
escape
.
A
small
opening
in
the
garden
fence
let
the
rabbit
escape
.
•
Sunlight
streamed
through
the
opening
in
the
cave
ceiling
,
lighting
up
the
rocky
chamber
.
Sunlight
streamed
through
the
opening
in
the
cave
ceiling
,
lighting
up
the
rocky
chamber
.
verb
-
open
,
opening
,
opens
,
opened
present
participle
of
open
:
making
something
no
longer
closed
,
or
becoming
no
longer
closed
.
•
She
is
opening
the
window
to
let
in
fresh
air
.
She
is
opening
the
window
to
let
in
fresh
air
.
•
Workers
are
opening
the
new
store
at
dawn
.
Workers
are
opening
the
new
store
at
dawn
.
noun
the
first
part
or
beginning
of
something
such
as
a
speech
,
event
,
performance
,
or
written
work
.
•
Fireworks
marked
the
opening
of
the
festival
on
Friday
night
.
Fireworks
marked
the
opening
of
the
festival
on
Friday
night
.
•
Her
opening
paragraph
immediately
hooked
the
reader
.
Her
opening
paragraph
immediately
hooked
the
reader
.
noun
a
job
,
position
,
or
opportunity
that
is
available
for
someone
to
take
.
•
There
’
s
an
opening
for
a
receptionist
at
the
clinic
.
There
’
s
an
opening
for
a
receptionist
at
the
clinic
.
•
The
company
posted
three
new
openings
on
its
website
today
.
The
company
posted
three
new
openings
on
its
website
today
.
expense
noun
a
particular
thing
you
spend
money
on
;
a
cost
item
•
Rent
is
our
biggest
monthly
expense
.
Rent
is
our
biggest
monthly
expense
.
•
Keep
all
your
travel
expenses
for
reimbursement
.
Keep
all
your
travel
expenses
for
reimbursement
.
See
earlier
sense
for
historical
origin
;
modern
accounting
extended
the
meaning
to
individual
cost
items
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
the
money
that
is
spent
to
do
or
obtain
something
•
The
company
cut
back
on
marketing
to
reduce
expense
.
The
company
cut
back
on
marketing
to
reduce
expense
.
•
Moving
to
the
city
can
involve
a
lot
of
unexpected
expense
.
Moving
to
the
city
can
involve
a
lot
of
unexpected
expense
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
despense
”
meaning
‘
spending
’,
which
came
from
Latin
“
expendere
” — ‘
to
pay
out
’.
spending
noun
-
spending
the
money
that
a
person
,
group
,
or
government
uses
to
buy
things
or
pay
for
services
•
Government
spending
on
healthcare
has
increased
this
year
.
Government
spending
on
healthcare
has
increased
this
year
.
•
He
tracks
his
weekly
spending
in
a
small
notebook
to
stay
within
budget
.
He
tracks
his
weekly
spending
in
a
small
notebook
to
stay
within
budget
.
From
the
verb
spend
+
-ing
,
first
used
as
a
noun
in
the
early
19th
century
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
present
participle
of
spend
:
using
money
,
time
,
or
effort
on
something
•
She
is
spending
the
afternoon
reading
by
the
lake
.
She
is
spending
the
afternoon
reading
by
the
lake
.
•
They
were
spending
too
much
money
on
takeout
every
week
.
They
were
spending
too
much
money
on
takeout
every
week
.
Present
participle
of
Middle
English
spenden
,
from
Old
English
spendan
,
ultimately
from
Latin
expendere
.
independence
noun
-
independence
the
state
of
not
being
controlled
by
or
relying
on
other
people
,
organizations
,
or
things
•
After
moving
out
of
her
parents'
house
,
Maria
loved
her
new-found
independence
.
After
moving
out
of
her
parents'
house
,
Maria
loved
her
new-found
independence
.
•
Learning
to
drive
gave
Jake
a
thrilling
sense
of
independence
.
Learning
to
drive
gave
Jake
a
thrilling
sense
of
independence
.
From
Latin
independens
(“
not
depending
on
something
else
”),
formed
from
in-
(“
not
”)
+
dependere
(“
to
hang
from
,
rely
on
”).
noun
-
independence
freedom
of
a
nation
or
region
to
govern
itself
,
separate
from
another
country
•
India
celebrates
its
independence
on
August
15
each
year
.
India
celebrates
its
independence
on
August
15
each
year
.
•
The
colony
fought
a
long
war
to
gain
independence
from
the
empire
.
The
colony
fought
a
long
war
to
gain
independence
from
the
empire
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
;
became
associated
with
national
self-rule
after
political
revolutions
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
-
independence
a
situation
in
mathematics
or
statistics
where
one
value
or
event
does
not
influence
another
•
The
scientist
questioned
the
independence
of
the
two
measurements
.
The
scientist
questioned
the
independence
of
the
two
measurements
.
•
A
chi-square
test
can
check
the
independence
of
categorical
variables
.
A
chi-square
test
can
check
the
independence
of
categorical
variables
.
Adopted
into
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
variables
that
do
not
depend
on
each
other
.
depending
verb
continuously
relying
on
someone
or
something
for
what
you
need
or
for
something
to
happen
•
The
villagers
are
depending on
the
river
for
fresh
water
.
The
villagers
are
depending on
the
river
for
fresh
water
.
•
During
the
hike
,
we
were
depending on
our
map
to
find
the
right
path
.
During
the
hike
,
we
were
depending on
our
map
to
find
the
right
path
.
Present
participle
of
the
verb
“
depend
,”
which
comes
from
Latin
dependere
meaning
“
to
hang
down
”
or
“
be
contingent
on
.”
preposition
used
to
say
that
something
will
change
or
be
decided
by
another
thing
•
Depending on
the
weather
,
the
picnic
will
be
held
in
the
park
or
indoors
.
Depending on
the
weather
,
the
picnic
will
be
held
in
the
park
or
indoors
.
•
Class
times
may
vary
depending on
the
instructor
’
s
schedule
.
Class
times
may
vary
depending on
the
instructor
’
s
schedule
.
Evolved
from
the
participial
form
of
“
depend
”
used
absolutely
with
or
without
“
on
”
since
the
late
17th
century
.
dependent
adjective
needing
someone
or
something
else
in
order
to
live
,
work
properly
,
or
succeed
•
Young
birds
are
completely
dependent
on
their
parents
for
food
.
Young
birds
are
completely
dependent
on
their
parents
for
food
.
•
Many
commuters
feel
dependent
on
their
smartphones
for
navigation
and
tickets
.
Many
commuters
feel
dependent
on
their
smartphones
for
navigation
and
tickets
.
From
Latin
“
dependēns
”
meaning
“
hanging
down
,
relying
on
.”
noun
a
person
,
such
as
a
child
or
elderly
relative
,
who
relies
on
someone
else
for
financial
support
•
She
claimed
her
son
as
a
dependent
on
her
tax
return
.
She
claimed
her
son
as
a
dependent
on
her
tax
return
.
•
The
company
’
s
health
plan
also
covers
an
employee
’
s
dependents
.
The
company
’
s
health
plan
also
covers
an
employee
’
s
dependents
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
from
Latin
“
dependēns
,”
referring
to
someone
hanging
on
or
relying
on
another
.
suspend
verb
to
pause
or
stop
something
for
a
short
time
and
plan
to
continue
it
later
•
Due
to
a
sudden
thunderstorm
,
the
umpire
decided
to
suspend
the
baseball
game
until
the
weather
improved
.
Due
to
a
sudden
thunderstorm
,
the
umpire
decided
to
suspend
the
baseball
game
until
the
weather
improved
.
•
The
city
council
voted
to
suspend
the
new
parking
rules
while
they
gathered
more
feedback
.
The
city
council
voted
to
suspend
the
new
parking
rules
while
they
gathered
more
feedback
.
verb
to
officially
force
someone
to
stop
doing
their
job
,
attending
school
,
or
taking
part
in
an
activity
for
a
limited
time
•
The
coach
had
to
suspend
the
striker
for
two
matches
because
of
unsportsmanlike
behavior
.
The
coach
had
to
suspend
the
striker
for
two
matches
because
of
unsportsmanlike
behavior
.
•
After
repeatedly
arriving
late
,
Marisol
was
suspended
from
work
for
three
days
.
After
repeatedly
arriving
late
,
Marisol
was
suspended
from
work
for
three
days
.
verb
to
hang
something
from
above
so
it
is
supported
at
one
point
and
free
below
•
A
crystal
chandelier
suspended
from
the
high
ceiling
sparkled
in
the
ballroom
.
A
crystal
chandelier
suspended
from
the
high
ceiling
sparkled
in
the
ballroom
.
•
They
used
a
sturdy
rope
to
suspend
the
sign
over
the
festival
entrance
.
They
used
a
sturdy
rope
to
suspend
the
sign
over
the
festival
entrance
.
verb
to
keep
something
such
as
fine
particles
floating
within
a
liquid
or
gas
•
Tiny
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
beam
of
sunlight
made
the
attic
glow
.
Tiny
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
beam
of
sunlight
made
the
attic
glow
.
•
The
chemist
suspended
metal
nanoparticles
in
the
solution
to
create
a
special
ink
.
The
chemist
suspended
metal
nanoparticles
in
the
solution
to
create
a
special
ink
.
compensation
noun
-
compensation
money
or
another
benefit
that
someone
receives
for
loss
,
injury
,
or
unfair
treatment
•
After
the
accident
at
work
,
Lisa
received
compensation
to
cover
her
medical
bills
.
After
the
accident
at
work
,
Lisa
received
compensation
to
cover
her
medical
bills
.
•
The
airline
offered
passengers
compensation
for
the
six-hour
delay
.
The
airline
offered
passengers
compensation
for
the
six-hour
delay
.
from
Latin
compensatio
‘
weighing
one
thing
against
another
’,
from
compensare
‘
to
balance
,
make
good
again
’
noun
-
compensation
the
pay
and
benefits
an
employee
receives
for
doing
a
job
•
Her
total
compensation
includes
health
insurance
and
a
yearly
bonus
.
Her
total
compensation
includes
health
insurance
and
a
yearly
bonus
.
•
New
graduates
often
compare
starting
compensation
before
accepting
a
job
.
New
graduates
often
compare
starting
compensation
before
accepting
a
job
.
noun
-
compensation
something
that
balances
or
makes
up
for
a
loss
,
weakness
,
or
unpleasant
experience
•
As
compensation
for
the
broken
vase
,
he
baked
me
a
cake
.
As
compensation
for
the
broken
vase
,
he
baked
me
a
cake
.
•
The
long
apology
was
small
compensation
for
her
rude
remark
.
The
long
apology
was
small
compensation
for
her
rude
remark
.
noun
-
compensation
in
psychology
,
a
way
of
hiding
or
overcoming
a
weakness
or
feeling
of
inadequacy
by
emphasizing
other
abilities
or
traits
•
His
constant
boasting
was
a
compensation
for
his
insecurity
.
His
constant
boasting
was
a
compensation
for
his
insecurity
.
•
Perfectionism
can
act
as
a
compensation
for
feelings
of
inadequacy
.
Perfectionism
can
act
as
a
compensation
for
feelings
of
inadequacy
.
openly
adverb
in
an
honest
,
direct
way
,
without
hiding
feelings
,
thoughts
,
or
facts
•
She
spoke
openly
about
her
fear
of
heights
during
the
interview
.
She
spoke
openly
about
her
fear
of
heights
during
the
interview
.
•
He
admitted
openly
that
he
had
made
a
mistake
on
the
project
.
He
admitted
openly
that
he
had
made
a
mistake
on
the
project
.
From
the
adjective
open
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
easily
seen
by
other
people
;
publicly
and
without
secrecy
•
The
couple
kissed
openly
in
the
park
,
ignoring
curious
looks
.
The
couple
kissed
openly
in
the
park
,
ignoring
curious
looks
.
•
Protesters
waved
banners
openly
outside
the
courthouse
.
Protesters
waved
banners
openly
outside
the
courthouse
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
open
+
-ly
,
emphasizing
lack
of
concealment
.