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war
noun
armed
fighting
between
nations
,
states
,
or
large
groups
of
people
•
History
class
today
covered
how
the
war
changed
the
borders
of
Europe
.
History
class
today
covered
how
the
war
changed
the
borders
of
Europe
.
•
The
old
veteran
told
stories
of
life
during
the
war
.
The
old
veteran
told
stories
of
life
during
the
war
.
Old
English
‘
werre
’
from
Old
Northern
French
‘
werre
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
ultimately
related
to
‘
worse
’.
noun
a
fierce
and
continuous
competition
or
struggle
between
groups
,
companies
,
or
ideas
•
The
two
supermarkets
started
a
price
war
and
milk
became
incredibly
cheap
.
The
two
supermarkets
started
a
price
war
and
milk
became
incredibly
cheap
.
•
There
is
a
constant
advertising
war
between
smartphone
makers
.
There
is
a
constant
advertising
war
between
smartphone
makers
.
verb
-
war
,
warring
,
wars
,
warred
to
fight
in
or
as
if
in
a
war
•
Rival
clans
warred
across
the
mountains
for
control
of
the
pass
.
Rival
clans
warred
across
the
mountains
for
control
of
the
pass
.
•
Nations
that
war
over
resources
often
neglect
their
people's
needs
.
Nations
that
war
over
resources
often
neglect
their
people's
needs
.
warm
adjective
-
warm
,
warmer
,
warmest
having
a
temperature
that
is
comfortably
higher
than
cool
but
not
hot
•
On
a
chilly
morning
,
a
cup
of
warm
cocoa
felt
soothing
.
On
a
chilly
morning
,
a
cup
of
warm
cocoa
felt
soothing
.
•
The
puppy
curled
up
by
the
fireplace
to
stay
warm
.
The
puppy
curled
up
by
the
fireplace
to
stay
warm
.
Old
English
‘
wearm
’
meaning
‘
hot
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*warmes-
,
related
to
German
‘
warm
’.
verb
to
make
something
hotter
or
become
hotter
,
especially
to
a
comfortable
level
•
She
warmed
the
soup
on
the
stove
.
She
warmed
the
soup
on
the
stove
.
•
My
hands
are
slowly
warming
after
I
put
on
gloves
.
My
hands
are
slowly
warming
after
I
put
on
gloves
.
adjective
-
warm
,
warmer
,
warmest
showing
friendliness
,
kindness
,
or
affection
•
Her
warm
smile
made
the
new
student
feel
at
ease
.
Her
warm
smile
made
the
new
student
feel
at
ease
.
•
The
host
gave
us
a
warm
welcome
at
the
door
.
The
host
gave
us
a
warm
welcome
at
the
door
.
adjective
-
warm
,
warmer
,
warmest
very
close
to
finding
the
correct
answer
,
place
,
or
solution
•
"
You're
getting
warm
,"
the
teacher
said
as
the
student
guessed
the
capital
.
"
You're
getting
warm
,"
the
teacher
said
as
the
student
guessed
the
capital
.
•
My
last
guess
was
warm
,
so
I
know
the
treasure
is
nearby
.
My
last
guess
was
warm
,
so
I
know
the
treasure
is
nearby
.
warm to
verb
-
warm
to
,
warming
to
,
warms
to
,
warmed
to
to
gradually
become
enthusiastic
or
friendly
toward
someone
or
something
•
At
first
she
was
shy
,
but
she
soon
warmed
to
her
new
classmates
.
At
first
she
was
shy
,
but
she
soon
warmed to
her
new
classmates
.
•
Investors
slowly
warm
to
the
idea
of
green
energy
funds
.
Investors
slowly
warm to
the
idea
of
green
energy
funds
.
warn
verb
-
warn
to
tell
someone
about
a
possible
danger
,
problem
,
or
unpleasant
situation
before
it
happens
,
so
they
can
avoid
it
or
prepare
•
The
weather
service
warned
drivers
about
thick
fog
on
the
highway
.
The
weather
service
warned
drivers
about
thick
fog
on
the
highway
.
•
Mum
warned
me
not
to
touch
the
hot
stove
.
Mum
warned
me
not
to
touch
the
hot
stove
.
Old
English
‘
warnian
’
or
‘
warian
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*warōn
meaning
‘
be
cautious
’
verb
-
warn
to
tell
someone
officially
that
they
have
broken
a
rule
and
that
they
may
be
punished
if
they
do
it
again
•
The
police
officer
warned
the
cyclist
for
running
the
red
light
.
The
police
officer
warned
the
cyclist
for
running
the
red
light
.
•
After
chatting
too
loudly
,
the
librarian
warned
us
to
keep
our
voices
down
.
After
chatting
too
loudly
,
the
librarian
warned
us
to
keep
our
voices
down
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
:
Old
English
‘
warnian
’,
influenced
over
time
by
legal
and
official
uses
of
the
verb
.
warning
noun
something
you
say
,
write
,
or
show
to
tell
people
about
possible
danger
or
trouble
so
they
can
avoid
it
•
The
lifeguard
blew
his
whistle
as
a
warning
that
the
waves
were
too
strong
.
The
lifeguard
blew
his
whistle
as
a
warning
that
the
waves
were
too
strong
.
•
There
was
a
bright
yellow
sign
on
the
fence
as
a
warning
about
the
electric
wires
.
There
was
a
bright
yellow
sign
on
the
fence
as
a
warning
about
the
electric
wires
.
from
the
verb
“
warn
”
+
‑ing
,
first
used
in
Middle
English
to
mean
‘
caution
given
before
danger
’
adjective
giving
a
message
of
possible
danger
or
trouble
•
A
red
warning
light
flashed
on
the
dashboard
.
A
red
warning
light
flashed
on
the
dashboard
.
•
The
medicine
bottle
has
a
warning
label
about
drowsiness
.
The
medicine
bottle
has
a
warning
label
about
drowsiness
.
formed
by
using
the
noun
‘
warning
’
as
an
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
noun
an
official
notice
telling
someone
they
have
broken
a
rule
and
will
be
punished
if
it
happens
again
•
The
referee
showed
the
player
a
yellow
card
as
a
warning
for
dangerous
play
.
The
referee
showed
the
player
a
yellow
card
as
a
warning
for
dangerous
play
.
•
After
arriving
late
again
,
he
received
a
written
warning
from
his
supervisor
.
After
arriving
late
again
,
he
received
a
written
warning
from
his
supervisor
.
developed
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
caution
’,
later
specialized
to
mean
‘
official
reprimand
’
in
the
19th
century
warrior
noun
a
brave
or
experienced
soldier
or
fighter
,
especially
from
earlier
times
•
The
medieval
warrior
polished
his
steel
helmet
before
battle
.
The
medieval
warrior
polished
his
steel
helmet
before
battle
.
•
Many
samurai
were
legendary
Japanese
warriors
skilled
with
the
sword
.
Many
samurai
were
legendary
Japanese
warriors
skilled
with
the
sword
.
From
Middle
English
werriour
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
guerrier
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Germanic
*werra
(“
conflict
,
war
”).
noun
someone
who
shows
great
courage
and
determination
while
fighting
for
a
cause
or
overcoming
difficulties
•
After
months
of
chemotherapy
,
she
proved
herself
a
true
warrior
against
cancer
.
After
months
of
chemotherapy
,
she
proved
herself
a
true
warrior
against
cancer
.
•
He
is
a
social
justice
warrior
who
organizes
rallies
every
weekend
.
He
is
a
social
justice
warrior
who
organizes
rallies
every
weekend
.
Same
historical
root
as
the
literal
sense
:
ultimately
from
Old
French
guerrier
meaning
“
fighter
.”
toward
preposition
in
the
direction
of
someone
or
something
•
The
children
ran
toward
the
ice-cream
truck
as
soon
as
they
heard
its
bell
.
The
children
ran
toward
the
ice-cream
truck
as
soon
as
they
heard
its
bell
.
•
He
aimed
his
telescope
toward
the
full
moon
glowing
in
the
night
sky
.
He
aimed
his
telescope
toward
the
full
moon
glowing
in
the
night
sky
.
Old
English
tōweard
,
from
tō
(“
to
”)
+
-weard
(“
-ward
,
toward
”).
preposition
showing
feelings
,
attitude
,
or
behavior
in
relation
to
someone
or
something
•
Maria
is
always
gentle
toward
animals
and
volunteers
at
the
shelter
every
weekend
.
Maria
is
always
gentle
toward
animals
and
volunteers
at
the
shelter
every
weekend
.
•
His
attitude
toward
maths
improved
after
he
got
a
new
tutor
.
His
attitude
toward
maths
improved
after
he
got
a
new
tutor
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
preposition
contributing
to
or
helping
to
achieve
something
•
I
put
ten
dollars
toward
the
class
gift
for
our
coach
.
I
put
ten
dollars
toward
the
class
gift
for
our
coach
.
•
The
charity
concert
will
go
toward
building
a
new
hospital
wing
.
The
charity
concert
will
go
toward
building
a
new
hospital
wing
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
preposition
near
or
approaching
a
particular
time
,
place
,
or
state
•
It
began
to
rain
toward
evening
.
It
began
to
rain
toward
evening
.
•
Traffic
thinned
out
toward
the
edge
of
the
city
.
Traffic
thinned
out
toward
the
edge
of
the
city
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
towards
preposition
in
the
direction
of
someone
or
something
•
The
crowd
surged
towards
the
stage
when
the
band
began
to
play
.
The
crowd
surged
towards
the
stage
when
the
band
began
to
play
.
•
He
cycled
towards
the
village
along
a
narrow
country
lane
.
He
cycled
towards
the
village
along
a
narrow
country
lane
.
Old
English
tōweard
,
from
tō
(“
to
”)
+
-weard
(“
-ward
,
toward
”).
preposition
in
the
direction
of
someone
or
something
•
Marley
ran
towards
the
ice-cream
truck
as
it
rang
its
bell
.
Marley
ran
towards
the
ice-cream
truck
as
it
rang
its
bell
.
•
The
flock
of
geese
flew
towards
the
warm
south
in
a
perfect
V-formation
across
a
blue
autumn
sky
.
The
flock
of
geese
flew
towards
the
warm
south
in
a
perfect
V-formation
across
a
blue
autumn
sky
.
From
Old
English
tōweard
(“
toward
,
facing
”),
formed
from
tō
(“
to
”)
+
-weard
(“
-ward
,
toward
”).
Over
time
,
usage
split
into
the
spellings
toward
(
chiefly
North
American
)
and
towards
(
chiefly
British
).
preposition
showing
feelings
,
attitude
,
or
behavior
in
relation
to
someone
or
something
•
The
teacher
was
patient
towards
students
who
needed
extra
help
.
The
teacher
was
patient
towards
students
who
needed
extra
help
.
•
Public
opinion
towards
electric
cars
is
becoming
more
positive
.
Public
opinion
towards
electric
cars
is
becoming
more
positive
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
preposition
contributing
to
or
helping
to
achieve
something
•
The
council
pledged
extra
funds
towards
improving
local
parks
.
The
council
pledged
extra
funds
towards
improving
local
parks
.
•
Students
donated
old
laptops
towards
a
community
learning
centre
.
Students
donated
old
laptops
towards
a
community
learning
centre
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
preposition
near
or
approaching
a
particular
time
,
place
,
or
state
•
The
sky
turned
pink
towards
dawn
.
The
sky
turned
pink
towards
dawn
.
•
Towards
the
outskirts
,
houses
become
farther
apart
.
Towards
the
outskirts
,
houses
become
farther
apart
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
preposition
concerning
the
feelings
,
attitude
,
or
relationship
one
has
for
someone
or
something
•
Ella
’
s
kindness
towards
animals
inspired
her
to
volunteer
at
the
shelter
every
weekend
.
Ella
’
s
kindness
towards
animals
inspired
her
to
volunteer
at
the
shelter
every
weekend
.
•
His
attitude
towards
homework
changed
after
he
saw
his
grades
improve
.
His
attitude
towards
homework
changed
after
he
saw
his
grades
improve
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
directional
sense
,
but
by
the
14th
century
,
the
preposition
also
took
on
metaphorical
uses
for
feelings
and
relations
.
preposition
as
a
contribution
or
help
in
achieving
or
paying
for
something
•
Grandpa
put
five
dollars
towards
Ethan
’
s
new
bicycle
fund
.
Grandpa
put
five
dollars
towards
Ethan
’
s
new
bicycle
fund
.
•
The
city
offered
grants
towards
the
restoration
of
historic
houses
.
The
city
offered
grants
towards
the
restoration
of
historic
houses
.
This
financial
sense
evolved
from
the
idea
of
moving
resources
in
the
direction
of
a
goal
.
preposition
near
or
approaching
a
particular
time
,
place
,
or
state
•
Towards
evening
,
the
sky
turned
a
brilliant
pink
.
Towards
evening
,
the
sky
turned
a
brilliant
pink
.
•
The
temperature
drops
towards
winter
.
The
temperature
drops
towards
winter
.
The
temporal
sense
developed
by
extension
from
physical
movement
to
metaphorical
movement
through
time
.
forward
adverb
towards
a
place
,
position
,
or
time
that
is
ahead
or
in
front
.
•
The
hikers
kept
moving
forward
along
the
trail
until
they
reached
the
lake
.
The
hikers
kept
moving
forward
along
the
trail
until
they
reached
the
lake
.
•
Take
two
steps
forward
and
stand
by
the
door
.
Take
two
steps
forward
and
stand
by
the
door
.
adjective
at
or
toward
the
front
;
positioned
ahead
of
something
else
.
•
She
chose
a
forward
seat
so
she
could
see
the
screen
clearly
.
She
chose
a
forward
seat
so
she
could
see
the
screen
clearly
.
•
Passengers
in
the
forward
cabin
heard
a
loud
bang
.
Passengers
in
the
forward
cabin
heard
a
loud
bang
.
verb
-
forward
,
forwarding
,
forwards
,
forwarded
to
send
something
you
have
received
to
another
person
or
place
.
•
I
will
forward
the
message
to
the
group
chat
.
I
will
forward
the
message
to
the
group
chat
.
•
The
post
office
will
forward
your
mail
to
your
new
address
.
The
post
office
will
forward
your
mail
to
your
new
address
.
noun
a
player
who
plays
near
the
opponent
’
s
goal
and
tries
to
score
in
sports
such
as
soccer
,
basketball
,
or
hockey
.
•
The
star
forward
dribbled
past
three
defenders
.
The
star
forward
dribbled
past
three
defenders
.
•
Our
team
needs
a
taller
forward
for
rebounds
.
Our
team
needs
a
taller
forward
for
rebounds
.
adjective
bold
or
overly
familiar
in
a
way
that
may
seem
rude
or
disrespectful
.
•
It
was
rather
forward
of
him
to
ask
about
my
salary
.
It
was
rather
forward
of
him
to
ask
about
my
salary
.
•
She
felt
his
questions
were
too
forward
for
a
first
meeting
.
She
felt
his
questions
were
too
forward
for
a
first
meeting
.
aware
adjective
knowing
or
realizing
that
something
exists
,
is
happening
,
or
is
true
.
•
After
reading
the
article
,
Maria
became
aware
of
the
dangers
of
too
much
sugar
.
After
reading
the
article
,
Maria
became
aware
of
the
dangers
of
too
much
sugar
.
•
I
’
m
fully
aware
that
this
plan
will
take
a
long
time
to
finish
.
I
’
m
fully
aware
that
this
plan
will
take
a
long
time
to
finish
.
From
Middle
English
aware
,
from
Old
English
gewær
“
watchful
,
wary
,
attentive
.”
adjective
keenly
noticing
what
is
happening
around
you
and
prepared
to
react
;
alert
.
•
Camping
alone
,
Liam
stayed
aware
of
every
rustling
sound
in
the
forest
.
Camping
alone
,
Liam
stayed
aware
of
every
rustling
sound
in
the
forest
.
•
The
driver
remained
aware
of
pedestrians
crossing
the
busy
street
.
The
driver
remained
aware
of
pedestrians
crossing
the
busy
street
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
the
meaning
broadened
from
simply
'having
knowledge'
to
'being
alert
and
watchful
.
'
software
noun
-
software
the
programs
,
apps
,
and
other
digital
instructions
that
tell
a
computer
or
electronic
device
what
to
do
•
I
installed
new
software
to
edit
my
vacation
photos
.
I
installed
new
software
to
edit
my
vacation
photos
.
•
The
company
updates
its
security
software
every
week
to
protect
customers
’
data
.
The
company
updates
its
security
software
every
week
to
protect
customers
’
data
.
Coined
in
the
late
1940s
by
analogy
with
hardware
:
soft
(
not
physical
)
+
ware
(
products
or
goods
).
Originally
referred
to
punched
cards
and
later
to
digital
programs
.
award
noun
something
such
as
a
prize
,
medal
,
or
certificate
that
is
given
to
someone
to
recognise
their
achievement
•
Mia
proudly
held
the
shiny
award
above
her
head
after
the
science
fair
.
Mia
proudly
held
the
shiny
award
above
her
head
after
the
science
fair
.
•
The
film
won
the
biggest
award
of
the
evening
at
the
festival
.
The
film
won
the
biggest
award
of
the
evening
at
the
festival
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
esward
”,
past
participle
of
“
eswarder
”
meaning
‘
to
judge
’
or
‘
decide
’.
verb
to
officially
give
someone
something
such
as
a
prize
,
contract
,
or
money
after
deciding
they
deserve
it
•
The
committee
will
award
scholarships
to
ten
students
next
week
.
The
committee
will
award
scholarships
to
ten
students
next
week
.
•
The
city
council
voted
to
award
the
contract
to
a
local
builder
.
The
city
council
voted
to
award
the
contract
to
a
local
builder
.
noun
a
sum
of
money
or
other
settlement
decided
by
a
court
,
arbitrator
,
or
official
body
and
given
to
a
person
•
The
judge
approved
an
award
of
$50
,
000
to
the
injured
worker
.
The
judge
approved
an
award
of
$50
,
000
to
the
injured
worker
.
•
After
months
of
negotiation
,
the
insurance
company
offered
an
award
that
satisfied
both
sides
.
After
months
of
negotiation
,
the
insurance
company
offered
an
award
that
satisfied
both
sides
.
awareness
noun
-
awareness
the
state
of
knowing
that
something
exists
or
understanding
what
is
happening
•
The
safety
campaign
increased
public
awareness
of
the
dangers
of
texting
while
driving
.
The
safety
campaign
increased
public
awareness
of
the
dangers
of
texting
while
driving
.
•
Meditation
helped
her
develop
greater
awareness
of
her
breathing
and
thoughts
.
Meditation
helped
her
develop
greater
awareness
of
her
breathing
and
thoughts
.
From
the
adjective
aware
+
-ness
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
-
awareness
recognition
of
a
product
,
brand
,
or
organization
among
the
public
•
The
new
commercial
boosted
customer
awareness
of
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
detergent
.
The
new
commercial
boosted
customer
awareness
of
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
detergent
.
•
Sponsoring
the
football
match
greatly
increased
brand
awareness
among
young
fans
.
Sponsoring
the
football
match
greatly
increased
brand
awareness
among
young
fans
.
Derived
from
the
general
sense
of
awareness
;
applied
to
marketing
contexts
from
the
mid-20th
century
.
reward
noun
something
valuable
such
as
money
,
a
prize
,
or
praise
that
someone
receives
because
they
have
done
something
good
,
worked
hard
,
or
helped
others
•
The
police
offered
a
$1
,
000
reward
for
information
about
the
missing
painting
.
The
police
offered
a
$1
,
000
reward
for
information
about
the
missing
painting
.
•
As
a
reward
,
her
parents
gave
her
a
shiny
new
red
bicycle
for
earning
top
grades
in
school
.
As
a
reward
,
her
parents
gave
her
a
shiny
new
red
bicycle
for
earning
top
grades
in
school
.
From
Middle
English
rewarde
,
from
Old
French
rewarder
“
to
give
in
return
,
regard
”,
from
re-
“
again
”
+
warder
“
to
guard
,
watch
”.
noun
-
reward
the
feeling
of
satisfaction
or
the
benefit
you
get
from
doing
something
you
enjoy
or
believe
is
important
•
Teaching
is
hard
work
,
but
seeing
students
learn
is
its
own
reward
.
Teaching
is
hard
work
,
but
seeing
students
learn
is
its
own
reward
.
•
For
many
runners
,
simply
crossing
the
finish
line
is
the
real
reward
.
For
many
runners
,
simply
crossing
the
finish
line
is
the
real
reward
.
verb
-
reward
,
rewarding
,
rewards
,
rewarded
to
give
someone
money
,
praise
,
or
some
other
benefit
because
they
have
done
something
good
or
helpful
•
The
company
rewarded
its
staff
with
extra
vacation
days
.
The
company
rewarded
its
staff
with
extra
vacation
days
.
•
The
king
rewards
brave
knights
with
golden
medals
.
The
king
rewards
brave
knights
with
golden
medals
.
hardware
noun
-
hardware
tools
,
small
metal
items
,
and
other
equipment
used
for
building
,
repairing
,
or
making
things
•
Ben
went
to
the
store
to
buy
hardware
like
nails
and
hinges
for
the
new
bookshelf
.
Ben
went
to
the
store
to
buy
hardware
like
nails
and
hinges
for
the
new
bookshelf
.
•
The
toolbox
was
full
of
rusty
hardware
that
had
belonged
to
her
grandfather
.
The
toolbox
was
full
of
rusty
hardware
that
had
belonged
to
her
grandfather
.
From
hard
+
ware
,
originally
referring
to
metal
goods
sold
by
tradesmen
(
17th
century
).
noun
-
hardware
the
physical
parts
of
a
computer
or
electronic
system
,
such
as
the
processor
,
memory
,
and
circuit
boards
,
as
opposed
to
software
•
Before
installing
the
game
,
he
checked
whether
his
laptop
’
s
hardware
met
the
requirements
.
Before
installing
the
game
,
he
checked
whether
his
laptop
’
s
hardware
met
the
requirements
.
•
Upgrading
the
hardware
dramatically
sped
up
the
startup
time
of
the
office
computers
.
Upgrading
the
hardware
dramatically
sped
up
the
startup
time
of
the
office
computers
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
tools
to
electronic
parts
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
reflecting
the
rise
of
computing
.
noun
-
hardware
informal
:
trophies
,
medals
,
or
other
awards
won
in
sports
or
competitions
•
The
star
athlete
’
s
shelf
is
crowded
with
shiny
hardware
from
past
championships
.
The
star
athlete
’
s
shelf
is
crowded
with
shiny
hardware
from
past
championships
.
•
Our
robotics
team
brought
home
more
hardware
than
any
other
school
.
Our
robotics
team
brought
home
more
hardware
than
any
other
school
.
Sportswriters
began
using
hardware
for
trophies
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
likening
shiny
metal
awards
to
the
metal
goods
sold
in
hardware
stores
.
noun
-
hardware
military
weapons
and
large
equipment
used
in
warfare
•
The
general
inspected
the
latest
hardware
before
approving
the
mission
.
The
general
inspected
the
latest
hardware
before
approving
the
mission
.
•
Modern
armies
invest
billions
in
advanced
hardware
like
drones
and
missile
systems
.
Modern
armies
invest
billions
in
advanced
hardware
like
drones
and
missile
systems
.
First
used
figuratively
for
weaponry
in
the
20th
century
by
journalists
covering
wars
.