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π
we
pronoun
used
by
a
speaker
or
writer
to
refer
to
themselves
together
with
one
or
more
other
people
as
the
subject
of
a
sentence
β’
We
are
going
to
the
beach
this
afternoon
.
We
are
going
to
the
beach
this
afternoon
.
β’
If
we
work
together
,
we
can
finish
early
.
If
we
work
together
,
we
can
finish
early
.
pronoun
used
to
mean
people
in
general
,
including
the
speaker
,
when
stating
a
general
truth
or
rule
β’
We
use
the
internet
to
find
information
quickly
nowadays
.
We
use
the
internet
to
find
information
quickly
nowadays
.
β’
We
need
food
and
water
to
survive
.
We
need
food
and
water
to
survive
.
pronoun
used
by
a
single
speaker
or
writer
,
such
as
a
monarch
,
editor
,
or
teacher
,
to
refer
to
themselves
in
a
formal
or
authoritative
way
β’
β
We
find
that
the
study
offers
valuable
insights
,β
stated
the
newspaper
β
s
editor
.
β
We
find
that
the
study
offers
valuable
insights
,β
stated
the
newspaper
β
s
editor
.
β’
At
the
ceremony
,
the
queen
declared
, β
We
hereby
open
this
session
of
parliament
.β
At
the
ceremony
,
the
queen
declared
, β
We
hereby
open
this
session
of
parliament
.β
your
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
the
person
or
people
you
are
speaking
to
β’
"
Don't
forget
your
keys
before
leaving
the
house
,"
said
Maria
.
"
Don't
forget
your
keys
before
leaving
the
house
,"
said
Maria
.
β’
"
How
was
your
weekend
at
the
beach
?"
asked
Jack
as
he
poured
coffee
for
his
colleague
.
"
How
was
your
weekend
at
the
beach
?"
asked
Jack
as
he
poured
coffee
for
his
colleague
.
Old
English
β
eower
,β
second-person
plural
genitive
form
,
later
generalized
to
singular
possession
.
you
pronoun
used
to
talk
to
the
person
or
people
who
are
listening
or
being
written
to
β’
You
look
happy
today
!
You
look
happy
today
!
β’
Can
I
help
you
with
those
bags
?
Can
I
help
you
with
those
bags
?
pronoun
used
to
talk
about
people
in
general
,
including
the
speaker
,
instead
of
saying
"
one
"
β’
When
you
mix
red
and
blue
,
you
get
purple
.
When
you
mix
red
and
blue
,
you
get
purple
.
β’
If
you
stay
up
too
late
,
you
feel
tired
the
next
day
.
If
you
stay
up
too
late
,
you
feel
tired
the
next
day
.
our
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
show
that
something
belongs
to
or
is
connected
with
the
speaker
and
at
least
one
other
person
β’
We
walked
to
our
favorite
park
after
school
.
We
walked
to
our
favorite
park
after
school
.
β’
Please
put
the
groceries
on
our
kitchen
table
.
Please
put
the
groceries
on
our
kitchen
table
.
Old
English
Ε«re
,
possessive
form
of
wΔ
(β
we
β).
us
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
the
speaker
and
one
or
more
other
people
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
β’
Mom
baked
cookies
for
us
to
share
after
school
.
Mom
baked
cookies
for
us
to
share
after
school
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
us
to
form
a
circle
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
form
a
circle
.
Old
English
β
Ε«s
β,
accusative
and
dative
plural
of
β
we
β.
pronoun
the
object
form
of
β
we
β,
used
when
the
speaker
and
at
least
one
other
person
receive
the
action
of
a
verb
or
follow
a
preposition
β’
Our
neighbors
invited
us
to
their
barbecue
on
Saturday
.
Our
neighbors
invited
us
to
their
barbecue
on
Saturday
.
β’
The
coach
praised
us
for
our
hard
work
after
the
game
.
The
coach
praised
us
for
our
hard
work
after
the
game
.
Old
English
β
Ε«s
β,
accusative
and
dative
plural
of
β
wΔ
β (
we
).
hour
noun
a
unit
of
time
equal
to
60
minutes
β’
The
train
will
arrive
in
one
hour
.
The
train
will
arrive
in
one
hour
.
β’
She
studied
for
three
hours
before
dinner
.
She
studied
for
three
hours
before
dinner
.
From
Old
French
'houre'
,
from
Latin
'hora'
meaning
'time'
or
'season'
.
noun
the
specific
time
shown
by
the
hour
hand
on
a
clock
β’
At
the
stroke
of
the
hour
,
the
town
bell
rang
loudly
.
At
the
stroke
of
the
hour
,
the
town
bell
rang
loudly
.
β’
We
should
leave
before
the
late-night
hour
of
midnight
.
We
should
leave
before
the
late-night
hour
of
midnight
.
noun
the
fixed
time
period
when
a
business
,
institution
,
or
person
is
normally
open
or
working
,
usually
used
in
the
plural
β’
The
library's
visiting
hours
end
at
8
p
.
m
.
The
library's
visiting
hours
end
at
8
p
.
m
.
β’
He
works
long
hours
during
the
busy
season
.
He
works
long
hours
during
the
busy
season
.
four
adjective
equal
in
number
to
4
β’
I
have
four
apples
in
my
bag
.
I
have
four
apples
in
my
bag
.
β’
The
classroom
has
four
large
windows
that
let
in
plenty
of
light
.
The
classroom
has
four
large
windows
that
let
in
plenty
of
light
.
noun
the
number
4
or
the
figure
that
represents
it
β’
She
wrote
the
number
four
on
the
whiteboard
.
She
wrote
the
number
four
on
the
whiteboard
.
β’
The
die
landed
on
a
four
,
so
I
moved
my
piece
forward
.
The
die
landed
on
a
four
,
so
I
moved
my
piece
forward
.
noun
in
cricket
,
a
shot
that
reaches
or
crosses
the
boundary
and
scores
four
runs
β’
The
batsman
drove
the
ball
for
a
dazzling
four
.
The
batsman
drove
the
ball
for
a
dazzling
four
.
β’
Two
quick
fours
put
the
team
back
in
control
.
Two
quick
fours
put
the
team
back
in
control
.
noun
in
rowing
,
a
racing
boat
for
four
rowers
or
the
crew
who
rows
it
β’
The
university
four
won
gold
at
the
regatta
.
The
university
four
won
gold
at
the
regatta
.
β’
Our
club
is
training
a
women
β
s
four
for
the
national
championships
.
Our
club
is
training
a
women
β
s
four
for
the
national
championships
.
court
noun
a
flat
,
marked-out
area
where
certain
sports
such
as
tennis
or
basketball
are
played
β’
They
booked
a
tennis
court
for
Saturday
morning
.
They
booked
a
tennis
court
for
Saturday
morning
.
β’
The
players
ran
back
onto
the
court
after
halftime
.
The
players
ran
back
onto
the
court
after
halftime
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
β
enclosed
yard
β
applied
to
areas
for
games
.
verb
-
court
,
courting
,
courts
,
courted
to
try
to
win
someone
β
s
love
by
spending
time
with
them
and
showing
affection
β’
He
spent
months
courting
her
with
letters
and
evening
walks
.
He
spent
months
courting
her
with
letters
and
evening
walks
.
β’
In
some
cultures
,
families
play
a
role
when
a
couple
begins
to
court
.
In
some
cultures
,
families
play
a
role
when
a
couple
begins
to
court
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
β
court
of
a
sovereign
,β
where
suitors
vied
for
favor
;
later
broadened
to
romantic
pursuit
.
noun
a
place
where
a
judge
or
group
of
judges
hears
legal
cases
and
makes
decisions
β’
Reporters
gathered
outside
the
court
waiting
for
the
verdict
.
Reporters
gathered
outside
the
court
waiting
for
the
verdict
.
β’
After
months
of
preparation
,
the
lawyers
presented
their
evidence
in
court
.
After
months
of
preparation
,
the
lawyers
presented
their
evidence
in
court
.
From
Old
French
court
,
from
Latin
cortem
β
enclosed
yard
,
tribunal
β.
noun
the
king
or
queen
β
s
household
,
advisers
,
and
other
important
people
,
or
the
place
where
they
meet
β’
Music
and
dancing
were
regular
entertainment
at
the
royal
court
.
Music
and
dancing
were
regular
entertainment
at
the
royal
court
.
β’
The
emperor
β
s
court
moved
from
city
to
city
during
the
summer
.
The
emperor
β
s
court
moved
from
city
to
city
during
the
summer
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
curt
,
meaning
β
enclosed
yard
,
residence
of
a
sovereign
β.
verb
-
court
,
courting
,
courts
,
courted
to
try
hard
to
get
something
you
want
,
such
as
support
,
attention
,
or
success
β’
The
candidate
courted
young
voters
with
promises
of
climate
action
.
The
candidate
courted
young
voters
with
promises
of
climate
action
.
β’
The
company
is
courting
foreign
investors
to
fund
its
expansion
.
The
company
is
courting
foreign
investors
to
fund
its
expansion
.
Extension
of
romantic
sense
to
the
general
idea
of
seeking
favor
or
advantage
.
verb
-
court
,
courting
,
courts
,
courted
to
behave
in
a
way
that
is
likely
to
bring
about
something
bad
,
especially
danger
or
criticism
β’
Driving
through
the
flooded
road
was
courting
disaster
.
Driving
through
the
flooded
road
was
courting
disaster
.
β’
The
outspoken
journalist
courts
controversy
with
every
article
.
The
outspoken
journalist
courts
controversy
with
every
article
.
Metaphorical
use
of
β
to
court
β
meaning
to
invite
something
,
good
or
bad
.
course
noun
a
series
of
lessons
or
classes
about
one
subject
,
usually
with
a
beginning
and
an
end
β’
Lena
signed
up
for
a
course
in
basic
photography
.
Lena
signed
up
for
a
course
in
basic
photography
.
β’
The
university
offers
an
online
course
on
climate
change
.
The
university
offers
an
online
course
on
climate
change
.
From
Old
French
β
cors
β
meaning
β
run
,
journey
,
way
β,
later
adopted
into
Middle
English
as
β
course
β.
noun
one
part
of
a
meal
served
at
the
same
time
before
the
next
part
is
brought
β’
We
had
soup
as
the
first
course
.
We
had
soup
as
the
first
course
.
β’
The
main
course
was
grilled
salmon
with
vegetables
.
The
main
course
was
grilled
salmon
with
vegetables
.
Sense
extended
from
the
idea
of
a
'run'
or
'sequence'
,
applied
to
the
sequence
of
dishes
in
a
meal
during
the
14th
century
.
noun
the
direction
or
path
that
someone
or
something
follows
while
moving
β’
The
captain
changed
the
ship
β
s
course
to
avoid
the
storm
.
The
captain
changed
the
ship
β
s
course
to
avoid
the
storm
.
β’
A
slight
breeze
pushed
the
hot-air
balloon
off
its
course
.
A
slight
breeze
pushed
the
hot-air
balloon
off
its
course
.
From
the
Latin
β
cursus
β
meaning
β
running
β
or
β
a
running
stream
β,
leading
to
the
idea
of
a
path
taken
.
noun
an
area
of
land
designed
for
a
sport
such
as
golf
,
horse
racing
,
or
cross-country
running
β’
They
played
nine
holes
on
the
local
golf
course
.
They
played
nine
holes
on
the
local
golf
course
.
β’
The
horses
lined
up
at
the
start
of
the
race
course
.
The
horses
lined
up
at
the
start
of
the
race
course
.
Sporting
sense
arose
in
the
18th
century
for
places
where
contests
were
β
run
β.
noun
a
fixed
period
or
set
amount
of
medical
treatment
or
a
planned
series
of
actions
to
achieve
something
β’
The
doctor
prescribed
a
seven-day
course
of
antibiotics
.
The
doctor
prescribed
a
seven-day
course
of
antibiotics
.
β’
She
is
taking
a
six-week
course
of
physiotherapy
for
her
knee
.
She
is
taking
a
six-week
course
of
physiotherapy
for
her
knee
.
Applied
to
medicine
in
the
17th
century
,
using
the
idea
of
following
a
path
until
completion
.
noun
the
continuous
development
or
progress
of
events
over
time
β’
In
the
course
of
history
,
many
empires
have
risen
and
fallen
.
In
the
course
of
history
,
many
empires
have
risen
and
fallen
.
β’
Technology
has
changed
rapidly
in
the
course
of
just
a
decade
.
Technology
has
changed
rapidly
in
the
course
of
just
a
decade
.
This
abstract
sense
grew
from
the
idea
of
a
path
to
one
of
events
moving
along
a
path
through
time
.
verb
-
course
,
coursing
,
courses
,
coursed
to
flow
or
move
quickly
in
a
continuous
stream
β’
Tears
coursed
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Tears
coursed
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
β’
Adrenaline
courses
through
your
veins
during
a
sudden
fright
.
Adrenaline
courses
through
your
veins
during
a
sudden
fright
.
From
Latin
β
cursus
β;
the
verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
to
describe
something
that
β
runs
β
or
β
moves
β
along
a
path
.
resource
noun
something
useful
β
such
as
land
,
water
,
oil
,
or
skilled
people
β
that
a
person
,
group
,
or
country
can
use
when
needed
β’
Many
countries
depend
on
natural
resources
like
oil
and
gas
for
their
income
.
Many
countries
depend
on
natural
resources
like
oil
and
gas
for
their
income
.
β’
During
the
drought
,
the
farmer
carefully
managed
his
water
resources
.
During
the
drought
,
the
farmer
carefully
managed
his
water
resources
.
from
Old
French
resourse
, β
means
of
supplying
a
need
,β
based
on
Latin
resurgere
β
rise
again
β
noun
a
book
,
website
,
person
,
or
other
source
of
help
or
information
β’
The
library
β
s
online
resources
make
research
much
easier
.
The
library
β
s
online
resources
make
research
much
easier
.
β’
This
guidebook
is
an
excellent
resource
for
first-time
travelers
.
This
guidebook
is
an
excellent
resource
for
first-time
travelers
.
verb
-
resource
,
resourcing
,
resources
,
resourced
to
provide
a
person
or
project
with
the
money
,
materials
,
or
people
needed
to
succeed
β’
The
project
was
well-resourced
and
finished
ahead
of
schedule
.
The
project
was
well-resourced
and
finished
ahead
of
schedule
.
β’
We
need
to
resource
the
school
properly
so
every
child
has
textbooks
.
We
need
to
resource
the
school
properly
so
every
child
has
textbooks
.
noun
-
resource
the
ability
to
deal
quickly
and
effectively
with
problems
;
resourcefulness
β’
Thanks
to
her
quick
resource
,
the
hikers
found
their
way
back
before
nightfall
.
Thanks
to
her
quick
resource
,
the
hikers
found
their
way
back
before
nightfall
.
β’
The
leader
β
s
resource
under
pressure
impressed
everyone
on
the
team
.
The
leader
β
s
resource
under
pressure
impressed
everyone
on
the
team
.
resources
noun
money
or
other
assets
that
a
person
or
organization
can
spend
β’
The
charity
lacks
the
financial
resources
to
help
every
family
in
need
.
The
charity
lacks
the
financial
resources
to
help
every
family
in
need
.
β’
After
paying
the
unexpected
bill
,
he
had
no
resources
left
for
a
vacation
.
After
paying
the
unexpected
bill
,
he
had
no
resources
left
for
a
vacation
.
yourself
pronoun
used
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
when
the
subject
is
β
you
,β
referring
to
the
same
person
β’
Please
make
yourself
at
home
while
I
finish
cooking
.
Please
make
yourself
at
home
while
I
finish
cooking
.
β’
You
should
wrap
yourself
in
a
warm
blanket
if
you
feel
cold
.
You
should
wrap
yourself
in
a
warm
blanket
if
you
feel
cold
.
Old
English
β
ΓΎe
selfne
β,
later
influenced
by
β
self
β.
The
form
shifted
after
Middle
English
when
second-person
β
thou
β
forms
changed
to
β
you
.β
pronoun
used
after
β
you
β
for
emphasis
,
showing
that
the
person
spoken
to
and
no
one
else
is
involved
β’
You
yourself
said
it
was
a
great
idea
.
You
yourself
said
it
was
a
great
idea
.
β’
Why
don
β
t
you
check
the
numbers
yourself
before
submitting
the
report
?
Why
don
β
t
you
check
the
numbers
yourself
before
submitting
the
report
?
Same
historical
origin
as
the
reflexive
sense
;
the
emphatic
use
developed
in
Early
Modern
English
to
reinforce
identity
in
spoken
and
written
language
.
source
noun
the
place
,
person
,
or
thing
where
something
begins
or
comes
from
β’
The
river's
source
is
high
in
the
mountains
.
The
river's
source
is
high
in
the
mountains
.
β’
Wind
is
a
clean
source
of
energy
for
the
town's
homes
.
Wind
is
a
clean
source
of
energy
for
the
town's
homes
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
sourse
β,
based
on
Latin
β
surgere
β
meaning
β
to
rise
β.
noun
a
person
,
document
,
or
organization
that
gives
information
,
especially
secretly
β’
The
reporter
refused
to
reveal
her
source
in
court
.
The
reporter
refused
to
reveal
her
source
in
court
.
β’
According
to
a
government
source
,
taxes
will
fall
next
year
.
According
to
a
government
source
,
taxes
will
fall
next
year
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
referring
to
the
origin
of
information
rather
than
of
physical
things
.
verb
-
source
,
sourcing
,
sources
,
sourced
to
obtain
something
from
a
particular
place
,
company
,
or
person
β’
The
cafΓ©
sources
its
coffee
beans
from
Colombia
.
The
cafΓ©
sources
its
coffee
beans
from
Colombia
.
β’
We
plan
to
source
recycled
plastic
for
the
new
product
line
.
We
plan
to
source
recycled
plastic
for
the
new
product
line
.
From
the
noun
β
source
β
meaning
origin
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
late
20th-century
business
English
.
colour
noun
the
quality
of
an
object
or
light
that
the
eye
sees
as
red
,
blue
,
green
,
etc
.
β’
Green
is
her
favourite
colour
.
Green
is
her
favourite
colour
.
β’
The
artist
mixed
two
colours
to
make
purple
.
The
artist
mixed
two
colours
to
make
purple
.
Middle
English
β
colour
β
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
β
color
β.
verb
to
give
something
a
particular
colour
by
using
crayons
,
paint
,
dye
,
etc
.
β’
The
pupils
coloured
the
map
with
bright
pencils
.
The
pupils
coloured
the
map
with
bright
pencils
.
β’
She
likes
to
colour
greeting
cards
by
hand
.
She
likes
to
colour
greeting
cards
by
hand
.
noun
interesting
or
vivid
detail
that
makes
a
story
,
event
,
or
description
more
lively
.
β’
Local
anecdotes
added
plenty
of
colour
to
the
report
.
Local
anecdotes
added
plenty
of
colour
to
the
report
.
β’
The
guide
β
s
jokes
gave
extra
colour
to
the
museum
tour
.
The
guide
β
s
jokes
gave
extra
colour
to
the
museum
tour
.
verb
to
influence
or
change
the
way
something
is
seen
,
thought
about
,
or
judged
.
β’
Early
failures
coloured
his
view
of
risk
.
Early
failures
coloured
his
view
of
risk
.
β’
Optimism
colours
her
memory
of
the
trip
.
Optimism
colours
her
memory
of
the
trip
.
behaviour
noun
the
way
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
acts
or
responds
,
especially
toward
others
or
in
a
particular
situation
β’
His
generous
behaviour
impressed
everyone
at
the
charity
event
.
His
generous
behaviour
impressed
everyone
at
the
charity
event
.
β’
Parents
worry
when
their
toddler
shows
aggressive
behaviour
.
Parents
worry
when
their
toddler
shows
aggressive
behaviour
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
β
behaveour
β,
based
on
the
verb
β
behave
β
labour
noun
physical
or
mental
work
,
especially
hard
effort
β’
Restoring
the
old
cottage
involved
months
of
labour
.
Restoring
the
old
cottage
involved
months
of
labour
.
β’
Heavy
labour
in
the
factory
left
him
exhausted
every
evening
.
Heavy
labour
in
the
factory
left
him
exhausted
every
evening
.
From
Latin
labor
β
toil
,
work
.β
noun
-
labour
workers
,
especially
those
who
do
physical
work
,
considered
as
a
group
β’
Labour
in
Britain
gained
many
rights
in
the
20th
century
.
Labour
in
Britain
gained
many
rights
in
the
20th
century
.
β’
The
union
represents
thousands
of
skilled
labour
across
the
region
.
The
union
represents
thousands
of
skilled
labour
across
the
region
.
Sense
emerged
with
industrialisation
in
Britain
.
noun
-
labour
the
process
in
which
a
woman
β
s
body
contracts
and
pushes
to
give
birth
to
a
baby
β’
The
midwife
confirmed
she
was
in
active
labour
.
The
midwife
confirmed
she
was
in
active
labour
.
β’
Many
women
choose
water
labour
for
comfort
.
Many
women
choose
water
labour
for
comfort
.
Transferred
medical
sense
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
labour
,
labouring
,
labours
,
laboured
to
work
hard
or
to
move
with
great
effort
β’
They
laboured
for
years
to
restore
the
castle
.
They
laboured
for
years
to
restore
the
castle
.
β’
The
cyclist
laboured
up
the
final
ascent
.
The
cyclist
laboured
up
the
final
ascent
.
From
Latin
laborare
β
to
toil
.β
neighbourhood
noun
a
part
of
a
town
or
city
where
people
live
close
together
and
share
local
facilities
β’
There
is
a
lovely
park
right
in
our
neighbourhood
.
There
is
a
lovely
park
right
in
our
neighbourhood
.
β’
The
council
plans
to
improve
lighting
across
the
entire
neighbourhood
.
The
council
plans
to
improve
lighting
across
the
entire
neighbourhood
.
Same
origin
as
American
spelling
:
from
neighbour
+
-hood
.
noun
-
neighbourhood
in
the
phrase
β
in
the
neighbourhood
of
β,
meaning
roughly
or
approximately
β’
The
flight
takes
in the neighbourhood of
three
hours
.
The
flight
takes
in the neighbourhood of
three
hours
.
β’
They
raised
in the neighbourhood of
Β£10
,
000
for
charity
.
They
raised
in the neighbourhood of
Β£10
,
000
for
charity
.
Same
figurative
extension
as
American
usage
,
applied
to
UK
spelling
.
journal
noun
a
book
or
digital
file
in
which
someone
regularly
writes
personal
thoughts
,
experiences
,
or
events
β’
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
β
s
highlights
.
Every
night
before
bed
,
Mia
opened
her
journal
to
jot
down
the
day
β
s
highlights
.
β’
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Sam
kept
a
travel
journal
to
remember
every
place
he
visited
during
his
gap
year
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
β
journal
β
meaning
β
daily
β,
from
Latin
β
diurnalis
β,
from
β
diurnus
β β
of
the
day
β.
noun
a
magazine
or
newspaper
that
is
published
regularly
and
contains
articles
on
a
particular
subject
,
especially
academic
research
β’
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
The
scientist
was
thrilled
when
her
study
was
accepted
by
a
leading
medical
journal
.
β’
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Students
are
encouraged
to
read
peer-reviewed
journals
to
support
their
essays
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
periodical
publications
that
appeared
daily
or
regularly
.
noun
a
book
or
digital
ledger
in
which
financial
transactions
are
recorded
in
date
order
before
being
transferred
to
accounts
β’
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
The
accountant
entered
each
sale
in
the
cash
journal
before
posting
to
the
ledger
.
β’
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Errors
in
the
purchase
journal
caused
the
monthly
balance
sheet
to
be
inaccurate
.
Adopted
by
18th-century
accountants
for
daily
transaction
books
,
keeping
the
original
sense
of
β
day
by
day
β.
encourage
verb
-
encourage
,
encouraging
,
encourages
,
encouraged
to
give
someone
confidence
,
support
,
or
hope
so
that
they
feel
able
to
do
something
β’
The
teacher
always
encourages
her
students
to
ask
questions
.
The
teacher
always
encourages
her
students
to
ask
questions
.
β’
My
friends
encouraged
me
when
I
felt
nervous
before
the
race
.
My
friends
encouraged
me
when
I
felt
nervous
before
the
race
.
From
Old
French
encourager
,
from
en-
(β
make
,
put
in
β)
+
courage
(β
courage
,
heart
β).
verb
-
encourage
,
encouraging
,
encourages
,
encouraged
to
help
something
to
happen
or
develop
by
making
it
easier
or
more
likely
β’
Lower
taxes
can
encourage
investment
in
new
businesses
.
Lower
taxes
can
encourage
investment
in
new
businesses
.
β’
Bright
light
and
warm
temperatures
encourage
plant
growth
.
Bright
light
and
warm
temperatures
encourage
plant
growth
.
From
Old
French
encourager
,
from
en-
(β
make
,
put
in
β)
+
courage
(β
courage
,
heart
β).
collect
verb
to
calm
down
and
control
your
thoughts
or
emotions
so
you
can
act
effectively
β’
She
took
a
deep
breath
to
collect
herself
before
going
on
stage
.
She
took
a
deep
breath
to
collect herself
before
going
on
stage
.
β’
Give
me
a
moment
to
collect
my
thoughts
.
Give
me
a
moment
to
collect my thoughts
.
neighbour
noun
a
person
who
lives
very
close
to
you
,
especially
in
the
house
or
flat
next
door
β’
Our
elderly
neighbour
watches
our
cat
when
we
travel
.
Our
elderly
neighbour
watches
our
cat
when
we
travel
.
β’
The
little
boy
waved
to
his
neighbour
across
the
fence
.
The
little
boy
waved
to
his
neighbour
across
the
fence
.
From
Middle
English
neighebor
,
from
Old
English
nΔahgebΕ«r
,
with
later
French-influenced
spelling
adding
the
β
u
.β
verb
-
neighbour
,
neighbouring
,
neighbours
,
neighboured
to
lie
directly
next
to
or
alongside
something
β’
The
farm
neighbours
a
dense
forest
.
The
farm
neighbours
a
dense
forest
.
β’
Charming
cafΓ©s
neighbour
the
riverside
path
.
Charming
cafΓ©s
neighbour
the
riverside
path
.
Verb
sense
follows
the
noun
,
using
the
British
spelling
with
β
u
.β
favourite
adjective
liked
more
than
anything
or
anyone
else
.
β’
London
is
her
favourite
city
because
of
its
history
and
theatres
.
London
is
her
favourite
city
because
of
its
history
and
theatres
.
β’
His
favourite
colour
is
green
,
so
he
painted
his
bike
to
match
.
His
favourite
colour
is
green
,
so
he
painted
his
bike
to
match
.
See
U
.
S
.
spelling
β
favorite
β
for
origin
;
British
English
retained
the
βourβ
spelling
after
French
influence
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
someone
likes
best
.
β’
The
blue
mug
is
Dad
β
s
favourite
for
morning
coffee
.
The
blue
mug
is
Dad
β
s
favourite
for
morning
coffee
.
β’
Of
all
the
songs
on
the
album
,
track
three
is
my
favourite
.
Of
all
the
songs
on
the
album
,
track
three
is
my
favourite
.
See
adjective
sense
for
origin
;
noun
use
spread
through
royal
courts
into
popular
language
.
noun
the
competitor
thought
most
likely
to
win
a
race
,
game
,
or
contest
.
β’
Despite
being
the
favourite
,
the
boxer
was
knocked
out
in
round
four
.
Despite
being
the
favourite
,
the
boxer
was
knocked
out
in
round
four
.
β’
The
greyhound
wearing
the
red
jacket
is
today
β
s
strong
favourite
.
The
greyhound
wearing
the
red
jacket
is
today
β
s
strong
favourite
.
Parallel
to
U
.
S
.
spelling
β
favorite
β,
with
βourβ
spelling
kept
in
British
sports
journalism
since
the
1800s
.
ourselves
pronoun
the
reflexive
form
of
we
or
us
,
used
when
the
speakers
are
also
the
object
of
the
verb
or
preposition
β’
After
the
long
hike
,
we
treated
ourselves
to
huge
chocolate
milkshakes
at
the
cafΓ©
.
After
the
long
hike
,
we
treated
ourselves
to
huge
chocolate
milkshakes
at
the
cafΓ©
.
β’
We
reminded
ourselves
to
bring
sunscreen
before
leaving
for
the
beach
.
We
reminded
ourselves
to
bring
sunscreen
before
leaving
for
the
beach
.
constructed
in
Middle
English
by
combining
our
+
selves
,
patterned
after
himself
and
themselves
pronoun
used
for
emphasis
to
show
that
the
speakers
do
something
alone
,
without
help
,
or
to
contrast
with
others
β’
We
painted
the
entire
living
room
ourselves
,
saving
a
lot
of
money
.
We
painted
the
entire
living
room
ourselves
,
saving
a
lot
of
money
.
β’
The
teacher
offered
help
,
but
we
finished
the
science
project
ourselves
.
The
teacher
offered
help
,
but
we
finished
the
science
project
ourselves
.
tour
noun
a
visit
around
a
place
or
through
several
places
for
pleasure
,
learning
,
or
sightseeing
,
usually
arranged
and
guided
β’
Our
guide
led
the
group
on
a
two-hour
tour
of
the
ancient
castle
.
Our
guide
led
the
group
on
a
two-hour
tour
of
the
ancient
castle
.
β’
During
their
summer
vacation
,
the
family
took
a
bus
tour
of
the
city
β
s
famous
landmarks
.
During
their
summer
vacation
,
the
family
took
a
bus
tour
of
the
city
β
s
famous
landmarks
.
Borrowed
from
French
β
tour
β
meaning
β
turn
,
journey
,β
from
Latin
β
tornus
β
meaning
β
lathe
,
turn
.β
noun
a
planned
series
of
concerts
,
games
,
or
shows
that
entertainers
or
sports
teams
give
in
different
places
β’
The
singer
β
s
world
tour
sold
out
in
every
country
she
visited
.
The
singer
β
s
world
tour
sold
out
in
every
country
she
visited
.
β’
The
basketball
team
is
on
a
promotional
tour
across
Asia
this
month
.
The
basketball
team
is
on
a
promotional
tour
across
Asia
this
month
.
verb
to
travel
around
a
place
or
through
several
places
for
pleasure
,
learning
,
or
to
perform
β’
Next
summer
,
we
plan
to
tour
Australia
in
a
camper
van
.
Next
summer
,
we
plan
to
tour
Australia
in
a
camper
van
.
β’
The
theatre
company
will
tour
across
Europe
with
its
new
play
.
The
theatre
company
will
tour
across
Europe
with
its
new
play
.
noun
a
fixed
period
of
time
that
someone
works
in
a
particular
place
or
job
,
especially
in
the
armed
forces
β’
Captain
Lee
just
finished
a
six-month
tour
in
Afghanistan
.
Captain
Lee
just
finished
a
six-month
tour
in
Afghanistan
.
β’
Her
first
tour
as
an
embassy
worker
was
in
Paris
.
Her
first
tour
as
an
embassy
worker
was
in
Paris
.
fourth
adjective
coming
after
the
third
in
order
or
position
β’
I
live
on
the
fourth
floor
of
the
apartment
building
.
I
live
on
the
fourth
floor
of
the
apartment
building
.
β’
This
is
the
fourth
time
I
β
ve
called
you
today
.
This
is
the
fourth
time
I
β
ve
called
you
today
.
noun
the
person
or
thing
that
is
number
four
in
a
line
,
race
,
or
list
β’
Our
team
was
the
fourth
to
arrive
at
the
campsite
.
Our
team
was
the
fourth
to
arrive
at
the
campsite
.
β’
Please
hand
the
papers
to
the
person
in
fourth
.
Please
hand
the
papers
to
the
person
in
fourth
.
noun
one
of
four
equal
parts
of
something
;
a
quarter
β’
Cut
the
pizza
into
four
pieces
and
give
me
a
fourth
.
Cut
the
pizza
into
four
pieces
and
give
me
a
fourth
.
β’
A
fourth
of
the
class
was
absent
today
.
A
fourth
of
the
class
was
absent
today
.
adverb
in
the
fourth
place
;
as
number
four
in
order
β’
The
gray
horse
finished
fourth
in
the
race
.
The
gray
horse
finished
fourth
in
the
race
.
β’
She
ranked
fourth
out
of
ten
contestants
.
She
ranked
fourth
out
of
ten
contestants
.
noun
in
music
,
the
interval
between
two
notes
that
are
four
scale
steps
apart
,
or
a
note
at
that
distance
β’
A
perfect
fourth
above
C
is
F
.
A
perfect
fourth
above
C
is
F
.
β’
The
melody
leaps
up
a
fourth
in
the
chorus
.
The
melody
leaps
up
a
fourth
in
the
chorus
.
honour
noun
high
respect
shown
through
honest
and
moral
behaviour
β’
She
defended
her
family's
honour
in
court
.
She
defended
her
family's
honour
in
court
.
β’
For
the
samurai
,
dying
with
honour
was
better
than
living
with
shame
.
For
the
samurai
,
dying
with
honour
was
better
than
living
with
shame
.
from
Middle
English
β
honour
β,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
β
honor
β
verb
to
show
great
respect
or
public
recognition
to
someone
or
something
β’
The
queen
will
honour
the
athletes
at
the
palace
.
The
queen
will
honour
the
athletes
at
the
palace
.
β’
They
planted
a
tree
to
honour
their
late
friend
.
They
planted
a
tree
to
honour
their
late
friend
.
verb
use
traced
to
late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
French
β
honorer
β
yours
pronoun
used
to
refer
to
something
that
belongs
to
the
person
or
people
you
are
talking
or
writing
to
β’
Is
this
blue
backpack
yours
or
does
it
belong
to
someone
else
?
Is
this
blue
backpack
yours
or
does
it
belong
to
someone
else
?
β’
I
baked
two
pies
β
one
is
yours
and
the
other
is
mine
.
I
baked
two
pies
β
one
is
yours
and
the
other
is
mine
.
Old
English
"
Δ‘e-Ε«res
",
possessive
of
"
Δ‘Δ
" (
you
),
developing
into
Middle
English
"
yours
".
Yours
pronoun
used
as
a
polite
formula
for
ending
a
formal
letter
before
the
writer
signs
their
name
β’
Thank
you
for
your
time
and
consideration
.
Yours
,
Jonathan
.
Thank
you
for
your
time
and
consideration
.
Yours
,
Jonathan
.
β’
If
you
have
any
questions
,
please
let
me
know
.
Yours
,
Dr
.
Smith
.
If
you
have
any
questions
,
please
let
me
know
.
Yours
,
Dr
.
Smith
.
Extension
of
the
possessive
pronoun
used
since
the
18th
century
as
a
shortened
form
of
longer
closings
like
"
I
remain
your
obedient
servant
".
journalist
noun
A
person
whose
job
is
to
gather
,
write
,
or
report
news
for
newspapers
,
magazines
,
television
,
radio
,
or
online
media
.
β’
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
The
young
journalist
interviewed
the
mayor
on
the
steps
of
city
hall
.
β’
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
During
the
storm
,
a
brave
journalist
stood
in
the
wind
reporting
live
for
television
viewers
.
From
French
β
journaliste
β,
based
on
β
journal
β (
daily
newspaper
),
ultimately
from
Latin
β
diurnalis
β
meaning
β
daily
β.
journey
noun
an
act
of
travelling
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
over
a
long
distance
β’
After
a
six-hour
journey
,
they
finally
reached
the
beach
.
After
a
six-hour
journey
,
they
finally
reached
the
beach
.
β’
The
overnight
journey
by
train
took
them
through
snow-covered
mountains
.
The
overnight
journey
by
train
took
them
through
snow-covered
mountains
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
β
journee
β
meaning
β
a
day
β
s
travel
or
work
β,
from
β
jour
β (β
day
β).
noun
the
gradual
process
of
personal
growth
,
change
,
or
achievement
over
time
β’
Writing
her
novel
was
a
journey
of
self-discovery
.
Writing
her
novel
was
a
journey
of
self-discovery
.
β’
Recovery
from
the
accident
became
a
long
journey
back
to
health
.
Recovery
from
the
accident
became
a
long
journey
back
to
health
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
concrete
sense
of
travelling
,
attested
since
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
journey
,
journeying
,
journeys
,
journeyed
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another
β’
They
plan
to
journey
across
Asia
by
train
next
summer
.
They
plan
to
journey
across
Asia
by
train
next
summer
.
β’
In
the
1800s
,
pioneers
journeyed
west
in
covered
wagons
.
In
the
1800s
,
pioneers
journeyed
west
in
covered
wagons
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
β
journey
β;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
late
15th
century
.
pour
verb
to
make
a
liquid
flow
,
or
to
flow
,
in
a
steady
stream
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
out
of
a
container
β’
Carefully
,
Leo
poured
the
hot
soup
into
the
bowl
.
Carefully
,
Leo
poured
the
hot
soup
into
the
bowl
.
β’
Please
pour
me
a
glass
of
water
.
Please
pour
me
a
glass
of
water
.
Middle
English
"
pouren
",
of
uncertain
origin
;
related
to
Old
French
"
pourer
"
meaning
"
to
sift
,
strain
".
verb
(
of
rain
)
to
fall
very
heavily
for
a
period
of
time
β’
It
was
pouring
when
we
left
the
movie
theater
.
It
was
pouring
when
we
left
the
movie
theater
.
β’
Don
β
t
forget
your
raincoat
;
it
might
pour
later
.
Don
β
t
forget
your
raincoat
;
it
might
pour
later
.
verb
to
move
quickly
and
in
large
numbers
in
a
continuous
stream
β’
Fans
poured
into
the
stadium
two
hours
before
kickoff
.
Fans
poured
into
the
stadium
two
hours
before
kickoff
.
β’
Letters
of
support
poured
in
after
the
charity
event
.
Letters
of
support
poured
in
after
the
charity
event
.
favour
noun
something
you
do
to
help
someone
,
usually
as
a
kindness
β’
Would
you
mind
doing
me
a
favour
and
posting
this
letter
?
Would
you
mind
doing
me
a
favour
and
posting
this
letter
?
β’
Thank
you
for
the
favour
earlier
;
I
really
appreciate
it
.
Thank
you
for
the
favour
earlier
;
I
really
appreciate
it
.
noun
-
favour
approval
or
support
shown
toward
a
person
,
idea
,
or
thing
β’
The
new
scheme
enjoys
considerable
favour
among
local
residents
.
The
new
scheme
enjoys
considerable
favour
among
local
residents
.
β’
His
suggestion
found
little
favour
with
the
committee
.
His
suggestion
found
little
favour
with
the
committee
.
verb
to
show
preference
or
give
an
advantage
to
one
person
or
thing
over
another
β’
The
manager
tends
to
favour
experience
over
qualifications
.
The
manager
tends
to
favour
experience
over
qualifications
.
β’
Voters
increasingly
favour
greener
transport
options
.
Voters
increasingly
favour
greener
transport
options
.
verb
to
look
like
or
have
a
resemblance
to
someone
,
especially
in
the
face
β’
The
little
girl
favours
her
father
,
with
the
same
dimples
.
The
little
girl
favours
her
father
,
with
the
same
dimples
.
β’
As
he
aged
,
he
favoured
his
uncle
more
and
more
.
As
he
aged
,
he
favoured
his
uncle
more
and
more
.
tourist
noun
a
person
who
travels
to
places
for
pleasure
rather
than
for
work
or
to
live
there
β’
The
tourist
stopped
to
take
photos
of
the
ancient
temple
.
The
tourist
stopped
to
take
photos
of
the
ancient
temple
.
β’
Many
tourists
flock
to
the
city
during
the
cherry
blossom
season
.
Many
tourists
flock
to
the
city
during
the
cherry
blossom
season
.
From
French
touriste
,
from
tour
meaning
β
a
journey
or
excursion
β,
ultimately
from
Latin
tornus
β
tool
for
making
a
circle
β.
noun
informal
:
someone
who
briefly
tries
an
activity
,
job
,
or
scene
without
real
skill
or
commitment
β’
The
veteran
climbers
could
tell
he
was
a
tourist
after
he
fumbled
with
his
gear
.
The
veteran
climbers
could
tell
he
was
a
tourist
after
he
fumbled
with
his
gear
.
β’
Serious
gamers
often
complain
when
a
tourist
joins
their
ranked
matches
.
Serious
gamers
often
complain
when
a
tourist
joins
their
ranked
matches
.
tournament
noun
a
sports
or
gaming
competition
in
which
many
teams
or
players
play
several
matches
to
decide
an
overall
winner
β’
Our
school's
basketball
team
won
the
regional
tournament
last
weekend
.
Our
school's
basketball
team
won
the
regional
tournament
last
weekend
.
β’
Players
from
ten
countries
gathered
in
Tokyo
for
the
chess
tournament
.
Players
from
ten
countries
gathered
in
Tokyo
for
the
chess
tournament
.
Borrowed
from
Old
French
tournoiement
,
from
tornoier
β
to
turn
about
,
joust
.β
noun
in
the
Middle
Ages
,
a
formal
contest
where
knights
fought
on
horseback
,
especially
in
jousting
,
to
display
skill
and
bravery
β’
The
king
organized
a
grand
tournament
to
celebrate
the
prince's
birthday
.
The
king
organized
a
grand
tournament
to
celebrate
the
prince's
birthday
.
β’
Knights
wore
brightly
painted
shields
when
they
rode
into
the
tournament
field
.
Knights
wore
brightly
painted
shields
when
they
rode
into
the
tournament
field
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
but
the
earlier
meaning
referred
specifically
to
knightly
combat
displays
.
humour
noun
-
humour
the
quality
in
something
that
makes
it
funny
or
entertaining
β’
British
television
is
famous
for
its
dry
humour
.
British
television
is
famous
for
its
dry
humour
.
β’
He
sprinkled
a
bit
of
dark
humour
into
the
otherwise
serious
novel
.
He
sprinkled
a
bit
of
dark
humour
into
the
otherwise
serious
novel
.
noun
a
person
β
s
temporary
emotional
state
or
frame
of
mind
β’
The
captain
was
in
foul
humour
after
the
team
lost
.
The
captain
was
in
foul
humour
after
the
team
lost
.
β’
Give
him
some
tea
first
;
he
β
s
not
in
the
right
humour
for
questions
.
Give
him
some
tea
first
;
he
β
s
not
in
the
right
humour
for
questions
.
verb
to
go
along
with
someone
β
s
wishes
or
ideas
to
keep
them
satisfied
or
calm
β’
The
nurse
humoured
the
patient
by
laughing
at
his
old
jokes
.
The
nurse
humoured
the
patient
by
laughing
at
his
old
jokes
.
β’
Parents
sometimes
humour
children
β
s
imaginary
friends
to
encourage
creativity
.
Parents
sometimes
humour
children
β
s
imaginary
friends
to
encourage
creativity
.
noun
(
archaic
)
each
of
the
four
bodily
fluids
once
thought
to
determine
human
health
and
temperament
:
blood
,
phlegm
,
yellow
bile
,
and
black
bile
β’
Medieval
physicians
believed
an
excess
of
black
humour
caused
melancholy
.
Medieval
physicians
believed
an
excess
of
black
humour
caused
melancholy
.
β’
Balancing
the
bodily
humours
was
once
the
goal
of
many
herbal
remedies
.
Balancing
the
bodily
humours
was
once
the
goal
of
many
herbal
remedies
.
From
Latin
humor
,
humorem
β
moisture
,
fluid
β,
taken
into
Middle
English
medical
theory
via
Old
French
.
discourse
noun
spoken
or
written
communication
,
especially
serious
discussion
or
debate
β’
During
the
summit
,
world
leaders
engaged
in
thoughtful
discourse
about
global
health
.
During
the
summit
,
world
leaders
engaged
in
thoughtful
discourse
about
global
health
.
β’
The
book
sparked
public
discourse
on
social
justice
that
lasted
for
months
.
The
book
sparked
public
discourse
on
social
justice
that
lasted
for
months
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
medieval
Latin
discursus
β
conversation
β,
from
Latin
discurrere
β
run
about
,
converse
β.
noun
-
discourse
in
linguistics
,
a
connected
piece
of
spoken
or
written
language
longer
than
a
sentence
,
considered
as
a
unit
β’
Linguists
study
political
speeches
to
analyze
the
discourse
that
shapes
public
opinion
.
Linguists
study
political
speeches
to
analyze
the
discourse
that
shapes
public
opinion
.
β’
Coherent
discourse
helps
readers
follow
the
writer
β
s
argument
smoothly
.
Coherent
discourse
helps
readers
follow
the
writer
β
s
argument
smoothly
.
verb
-
discourse
,
discoursing
,
discourses
,
discoursed
to
speak
or
write
at
length
about
a
subject
,
especially
in
a
formal
or
serious
way
β’
The
philosopher
discoursed
on
ethics
for
the
entire
evening
.
The
philosopher
discoursed
on
ethics
for
the
entire
evening
.
β’
After
dinner
,
she
discoursed
about
her
travels
through
the
Himalayas
.
After
dinner
,
she
discoursed
about
her
travels
through
the
Himalayas
.
flavour
noun
the
distinctive
taste
of
a
particular
food
or
drink
β’
The
tea
has
a
delicate
jasmine
flavour
.
The
tea
has
a
delicate
jasmine
flavour
.
β’
Mint
ice
cream
is
her
favourite
flavour
.
Mint
ice
cream
is
her
favourite
flavour
.
Borrowed
from
Old
French
"
flaveur
";
modern
spelling
emerged
in
Middle
English
and
settled
as
β
flavour
β
in
British
English
.
verb
-
flavour
,
flavouring
,
flavours
,
flavoured
to
add
a
particular
taste
to
food
or
drink
β’
He
flavoured
the
stew
with
fresh
rosemary
.
He
flavoured
the
stew
with
fresh
rosemary
.
β’
You
can
flavour
yogurt
by
adding
honey
.
You
can
flavour
yogurt
by
adding
honey
.
Derived
from
the
noun
β
flavour
,β
with
verb
usage
documented
in
British
cookbooks
of
the
18th
century
.
noun
a
special
quality
or
atmosphere
that
gives
something
its
character
β’
The
festival
has
a
distinct
Scottish
flavour
.
The
festival
has
a
distinct
Scottish
flavour
.
β’
Each
chapter
gives
you
a
different
flavour
of
village
life
.
Each
chapter
gives
you
a
different
flavour
of
village
life
.
Figurative
use
appears
in
British
writing
of
the
18th
century
,
transferring
the
idea
of
taste
to
describe
ambiance
.
courage
noun
-
courage
the
ability
to
face
danger
,
pain
,
or
difficult
situations
without
being
overcome
by
fear
β’
The
firefighter
showed
great
courage
when
he
ran
into
the
burning
house
.
The
firefighter
showed
great
courage
when
he
ran
into
the
burning
house
.
β’
Learning
to
speak
up
in
class
took
a
lot
of
courage
for
Mia
.
Learning
to
speak
up
in
class
took
a
lot
of
courage
for
Mia
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
courage
,
from
cuer
,
coer
β
heart
,β
from
Latin
cor
.
Courage!
interjection
used
to
tell
someone
to
be
brave
and
stay
hopeful
in
a
difficult
moment
β’
Seeing
his
friend
nervous
before
the
speech
,
Luis
squeezed
her
hand
and
whispered
,
Courage
!
Seeing
his
friend
nervous
before
the
speech
,
Luis
squeezed
her
hand
and
whispered
,
Courage
!
β’
The
coach
clapped
his
players
on
the
backs
and
shouted
,
'Courage
!
We
can
still
win
this
!
'
The
coach
clapped
his
players
on
the
backs
and
shouted
,
'Courage
!
We
can
still
win
this
!
'
Modeled
on
the
French
exclamation
β
Courage
!β
often
used
to
hearten
someone
.
rumour
noun
information
or
a
story
that
many
people
talk
about
but
that
has
not
been
proven
true
β’
A
silly
rumour
about
the
singer
quitting
spread
through
the
fan
club
.
A
silly
rumour
about
the
singer
quitting
spread
through
the
fan
club
.
β’
The
government
dismissed
the
rumour
as
completely
false
.
The
government
dismissed
the
rumour
as
completely
false
.
Middle
English
rumour
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
rumor
meaning
"
noise
,
popular
report
".
verb
to
say
or
repeat
information
that
may
not
be
true
,
often
making
it
widely
known
β’
Journalists
rumour
that
the
Prime
Minister
may
call
an
early
election
.
Journalists
rumour
that
the
Prime
Minister
may
call
an
early
election
.
β’
Locals
rumoured
that
the
old
castle
is
haunted
.
Locals
rumoured
that
the
old
castle
is
haunted
.
Derived
from
the
noun
"
rumour
";
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
late
16th
century
.
ours
pronoun
belonging
to
us
;
used
instead
of
β
our
β
+
noun
to
show
that
something
is
owned
or
connected
with
the
speaker
and
at
least
one
other
person
β’
The
red
bicycle
leaning
against
the
fence
is
ours
,
not
the
neighbor
β
s
.
The
red
bicycle
leaning
against
the
fence
is
ours
,
not
the
neighbor
β
s
.
β’
During
the
science
fair
,
a
male
student
smiled
and
whispered
, "
This
award-winning
model
is
ours
!"
During
the
science
fair
,
a
male
student
smiled
and
whispered
, "
This
award-winning
model
is
ours
!"
from
Middle
English
"
oures
",
coming
from
Old
English
"
Ε«re
" (
our
)
+
genitive
plural
ending
βs
,
following
the
pattern
of
β
yours
,β β
hers
,β
etc
.
behavioural
adjective
relating
to
the
way
a
person
or
animal
behaves
,
or
to
the
scientific
study
of
behaviour
β’
The
new
teacher
used
behavioural
strategies
to
keep
the
class
focused
and
calm
.
The
new
teacher
used
behavioural
strategies
to
keep
the
class
focused
and
calm
.
β’
Researchers
carried
out
a
behavioural
study
on
dolphins
to
understand
how
they
communicate
underwater
.
Researchers
carried
out
a
behavioural
study
on
dolphins
to
understand
how
they
communicate
underwater
.
Spelling
variant
of
U
.
S
. β
behavioral
,β
formed
from
behaviour
+β
-al
.
journalism
noun
-
journalism
the
work
or
business
of
collecting
,
writing
,
editing
,
and
presenting
news
or
other
information
for
newspapers
,
magazines
,
radio
,
television
,
or
the
internet
β’
She
decided
to
study
journalism
at
university
because
she
loved
writing
about
current
events
.
She
decided
to
study
journalism
at
university
because
she
loved
writing
about
current
events
.
β’
Good
journalism
requires
checking
every
fact
before
publishing
.
Good
journalism
requires
checking
every
fact
before
publishing
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
French
journalisme
,
from
journal
β
daily
record
β.
noun
-
journalism
the
news
stories
,
articles
,
or
broadcasts
that
journalists
create
β’
The
newspaper
is
famous
for
its
bold
journalism
on
environmental
issues
.
The
newspaper
is
famous
for
its
bold
journalism
on
environmental
issues
.
β’
Some
people
complain
that
modern
journalism
focuses
too
much
on
celebrities
.
Some
people
complain
that
modern
journalism
focuses
too
much
on
celebrities
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
French
journalisme
,
from
journal
β
daily
record
β.
tumour
noun
a
mass
of
abnormal
tissue
that
grows
in
the
body
and
can
be
either
harmless
(
benign
)
or
dangerous
(
cancerous
)
β’
The
scan
showed
a
small
tumour
in
her
lung
.
The
scan
showed
a
small
tumour
in
her
lung
.
β’
Benign
tumours
can
sometimes
be
left
alone
and
just
monitored
.
Benign
tumours
can
sometimes
be
left
alone
and
just
monitored
.
noun
something
harmful
that
grows
within
an
organisation
or
society
and
must
be
removed
before
it
causes
more
damage
β’
The
scandal
was
a
tumour
rotting
the
reputation
of
the
charity
.
The
scandal
was
a
tumour
rotting
the
reputation
of
the
charity
.
β’
Racism
acts
like
a
tumour
in
society
,
spreading
silently
if
ignored
.
Racism
acts
like
a
tumour
in
society
,
spreading
silently
if
ignored
.
harbour
noun
a
place
along
the
coast
where
ships
can
safely
anchor
and
find
shelter
β’
Fishing
boats
dotted
the
picturesque
harbour
at
sunrise
.
Fishing
boats
dotted
the
picturesque
harbour
at
sunrise
.
β’
We
ate
ice
cream
while
walking
along
the
harbour
wall
.
We
ate
ice
cream
while
walking
along
the
harbour
wall
.
Middle
English
herberwe
,
later
standardised
with
βour
spelling
in
British
English
.
verb
-
harbour
,
harbouring
,
harbours
,
harboured
to
give
shelter
or
protection
to
someone
or
something
,
especially
in
secret
β’
The
family
bravely
harboured
a
young
refugee
in
their
attic
.
The
family
bravely
harboured
a
young
refugee
in
their
attic
.
β’
Old
warehouses
along
the
river
still
harbour
rats
.
Old
warehouses
along
the
river
still
harbour
rats
.
From
earlier
noun
meaning
of
refuge
,
applied
to
the
act
of
providing
such
refuge
.
verb
-
harbour
,
harbouring
,
harbours
,
harboured
to
keep
a
feeling
,
thought
,
or
intention
secretly
in
your
mind
for
a
long
time
β’
He
still
harbours
dreams
of
owning
a
vineyard
.
He
still
harbours
dreams
of
owning
a
vineyard
.
β’
She
harboured
deep
guilt
about
the
lie
she
told
.
She
harboured
deep
guilt
about
the
lie
she
told
.
Metaphoric
extension
recorded
from
the
early
1700s
.
flour
noun
a
soft
powder
made
by
grinding
grains
,
nuts
,
or
seeds
,
used
for
making
bread
,
cakes
,
and
other
foods
β’
She
sifted
the
flour
into
the
mixing
bowl
,
preparing
to
bake
cookies
.
She
sifted
the
flour
into
the
mixing
bowl
,
preparing
to
bake
cookies
.
β’
The
bakery
down
the
street
buys
its
flour
in
huge
sacks
every
week
.
The
bakery
down
the
street
buys
its
flour
in
huge
sacks
every
week
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
β
flor
β
or
β
flur
β,
meaning
β
flower
,
finest
part
,β
referring
to
the
β
finest
part
β
of
the
ground
grain
,
similar
to
β
flower
β
as
the
best
part
of
a
plant
.
verb
-
flour
,
flouring
,
flours
,
floured
to
lightly
cover
or
coat
food
,
a
surface
,
or
a
container
with
flour
before
cooking
β’
Before
frying
the
fish
,
the
chef
floured
each
fillet
lightly
.
Before
frying
the
fish
,
the
chef
floured
each
fillet
lightly
.
β’
Remember
to
flour
the
cake
pan
so
the
batter
won't
stick
.
Remember
to
flour
the
cake
pan
so
the
batter
won't
stick
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
,
meaning
β
to
apply
flour
,β
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
courtesy
noun
-
courtesy
polite
and
considerate
behaviour
that
shows
respect
for
other
people
β’
Courtesy
costs
nothing
but
wins
people
β
s
respect
.
Courtesy
costs
nothing
but
wins
people
β
s
respect
.
β’
Out
of
courtesy
,
she
waited
for
everyone
to
be
served
before
eating
.
Out
of
courtesy
,
she
waited
for
everyone
to
be
served
before
eating
.
noun
-
courtesy
,
courtesies
a
polite
action
,
favour
,
or
gesture
that
shows
kindness
or
respect
β’
As
a
courtesy
,
the
clerk
held
the
door
open
for
the
elderly
customer
.
As
a
courtesy
,
the
clerk
held
the
door
open
for
the
elderly
customer
.
β’
Please
return
the
call
as
a
professional
courtesy
.
Please
return
the
call
as
a
professional
courtesy
.
adjective
provided
free
of
charge
or
as
a
polite
service
by
a
business
or
organisation
β’
The
dealership
gave
us
a
courtesy
car
while
ours
was
being
repaired
.
The
dealership
gave
us
a
courtesy
car
while
ours
was
being
repaired
.
β’
Each
table
had
a
courtesy
bottle
of
water
for
the
guests
.
Each
table
had
a
courtesy
bottle
of
water
for
the
guests
.
encouraging
adjective
giving
someone
hope
,
confidence
,
or
a
sign
that
things
are
likely
to
get
better
β’
The
student
β
s
improved
test
scores
were
very
encouraging
.
The
student
β
s
improved
test
scores
were
very
encouraging
.
β’
We
received
an
encouraging
email
from
our
coach
before
the
championship
game
.
We
received
an
encouraging
email
from
our
coach
before
the
championship
game
.
courtroom
noun
a
room
where
legal
cases
are
heard
in
front
of
a
judge
and
sometimes
a
jury
β’
The
judge
entered
the
courtroom
and
everyone
stood
up
.
The
judge
entered
the
courtroom
and
everyone
stood
up
.
β’
During
the
trial
,
the
lawyer
paced
nervously
across
the
courtroom
.
During
the
trial
,
the
lawyer
paced
nervously
across
the
courtroom
.
court
+β
room
:
originally
referring
to
the
designated
chamber
within
a
courthouse
where
a
court
sits
.
discourage
verb
-
discourage
,
discouraging
,
discourages
,
discouraged
make
someone
lose
confidence
,
hope
,
or
enthusiasm
β’
The
coach
β
s
harsh
words
discouraged
the
young
player
from
trying
again
.
The
coach
β
s
harsh
words
discouraged
the
young
player
from
trying
again
.
β’
A
series
of
failed
experiments
did
not
discourage
the
female
scientist
;
she
kept
working
late
in
her
brightly
lit
lab
.
A
series
of
failed
experiments
did
not
discourage
the
female
scientist
;
she
kept
working
late
in
her
brightly
lit
lab
.
late
15th
century
,
from
Old
French
dΓ©courager
,
from
des-
β
away
β
+
courage
β
courage
β