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call
verb
to
telephone
someone
•
I'll
call
you
tomorrow
morning
to
discuss
the
project
.
I'll
call
you
tomorrow
morning
to
discuss
the
project
.
•
She
couldn't
call
him
because
her
phone
battery
was
dead
.
She
couldn't
call
him
because
her
phone
battery
was
dead
.
Derived
from
Old
Norse
“
kalla
”
meaning
“
cry
loudly
,
summon
”.
noun
an
act
of
telephoning
someone
•
I'll
give
you
a
call
later
tonight
.
I'll
give
you
a
call
later
tonight
.
•
I
missed
your
call
while
I
was
in
the
meeting
.
I
missed
your
call
while
I
was
in
the
meeting
.
Noun
sense
recorded
from
late
19th-century
telephone
usage
.
verb
to
shout
or
speak
loudly
to
attract
someone's
attention
•
The
coach
called
to
the
players
to
hurry
up
.
The
coach
called
to
the
players
to
hurry
up
.
•
I
called
across
the
street
,
but
she
didn't
hear
me
.
I
called
across
the
street
,
but
she
didn't
hear
me
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
Old
Norse
“
kalla
,”
originally
meaning
“
cry
out
.”
verb
to
give
someone
or
something
a
particular
name
•
Everyone
calls
her
"
Sunny
"
because
of
her
cheerful
personality
.
Everyone
calls
her
"
Sunny
"
because
of
her
cheerful
personality
.
•
They
called
the
puppy
Max
on
the
first
day
they
adopted
him
.
They
called
the
puppy
Max
on
the
first
day
they
adopted
him
.
Old
English
“
ceallian
”
evolved
to
mean
‘
give
a
name
’
by
the
14th
century
.
verb
to
request
the
presence
or
help
of
someone
or
something
,
especially
a
service
•
We
should
call
an
ambulance
immediately
.
We
should
call
an
ambulance
immediately
.
•
If
the
heater
breaks
again
,
I'll
call
a
technician
.
If
the
heater
breaks
again
,
I'll
call
a
technician
.
Extended
sense
of
“
summon
”
dating
from
Middle
English
era
.
noun
a
loud
cry
or
shout
•
The
hunter
recognized
the
distinctive
call
of
the
owl
.
The
hunter
recognized
the
distinctive
call
of
the
owl
.
•
A
sudden
call
for
help
echoed
through
the
canyon
.
A
sudden
call
for
help
echoed
through
the
canyon
.
From
Old
Norse
“
kalla
,”
referring
to
a
vocal
cry
.
verb
to
decide
or
announce
officially
•
The
referee
called
a
foul
.
The
referee
called
a
foul
.
•
Let's
call it a day
and
finish
tomorrow
.
Let's
call it a day
and
finish
tomorrow
.
Sense
of
“
decide
”
arose
from
the
idea
of
announcing
aloud
a
judgment
.
noun
a
strong
demand
or
request
for
something
to
happen
•
There
is
growing
call
for
cleaner
energy
sources
.
There
is
growing
call
for
cleaner
energy
sources
.
•
The
committee
issued
a
call
for
new
volunteers
.
The
committee
issued
a
call
for
new
volunteers
.
Metaphorical
use
of
“
call
”
meaning
‘
summons
’
recorded
from
the
17th
century
.
caller
noun
a
person
who
makes
a
phone
call
•
The
caller
said
she
had
dialed
the
wrong
number
and
apologized
.
The
caller
said
she
had
dialed
the
wrong
number
and
apologized
.
•
The
receptionist
asked
the
caller
to
wait
while
she
transferred
the
line
.
The
receptionist
asked
the
caller
to
wait
while
she
transferred
the
line
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
call
”
+
the
agent
suffix
“
-er
”,
first
recorded
in
the
early
17th
century
for
visitors
,
later
for
telephone
users
.
noun
a
person
who
announces
directions
,
numbers
,
or
events
to
guide
or
entertain
a
group
,
especially
in
square
dancing
or
bingo
•
The
square-dance
caller
shouted
the
next
move
to
the
dancers
.
The
square-dance
caller
shouted
the
next
move
to
the
dancers
.
•
Our
bingo
caller
drew
the
number
B-12
and
the
crowd
groaned
.
Our
bingo
caller
drew
the
number
B-12
and
the
crowd
groaned
.
Extension
of
“
caller
”
from
telephone
sense
to
anyone
who
‘
calls
out
’
instructions
or
numbers
,
mid-20th
century
.
noun
in
computing
,
the
part
of
a
program
or
function
that
invokes
another
function
or
procedure
•
If
the
operation
fails
,
the
function
returns
an
error
code
to
the
caller
.
If
the
operation
fails
,
the
function
returns
an
error
code
to
the
caller
.
•
In
this
library
,
the
caller
must
free
any
memory
it
allocates
.
In
this
library
,
the
caller
must
free
any
memory
it
allocates
.
Borrowed
from
general
sense
of
a
person
who
calls
;
used
in
computer
science
since
the
1970s
.
adjective
(
Scottish
)
fresh
,
cool
,
and
refreshing
,
especially
of
air
,
water
,
or
food
•
They
enjoyed
a
glass
of
caller
water
straight
from
the
mountain
spring
.
They
enjoyed
a
glass
of
caller
water
straight
from
the
mountain
spring
.
•
On
a
caller
morning
,
the
air
felt
crisp
and
clean
.
On
a
caller
morning
,
the
air
felt
crisp
and
clean
.
From
Scots
,
probably
related
to
Old
Norse
*kald-*
‘
cold
’.
recall
verb
to
remember
something
that
happened
in
the
past
•
I
suddenly
recall
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
pies
cooling
on
the
windowsill
.
I
suddenly
recall
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
pies
cooling
on
the
windowsill
.
•
Can
you
recall
where
you
left
the
car
keys
?
Can
you
recall
where
you
left
the
car
keys
?
From
Latin
recallō
‘
call
back
’ (
re-
‘
back
’
+
callō
‘
call
’).
verb
to
officially
order
someone
to
return
,
especially
from
a
job
,
post
,
or
place
•
The
government
decided
to
recall
its
ambassador
after
the
diplomatic
dispute
.
The
government
decided
to
recall
its
ambassador
after
the
diplomatic
dispute
.
•
All
soldiers
on
leave
were
recalled
to
base
when
the
emergency
was
declared
.
All
soldiers
on
leave
were
recalled
to
base
when
the
emergency
was
declared
.
verb
to
ask
customers
to
return
a
defective
or
unsafe
product
so
it
can
be
repaired
or
replaced
•
The
carmaker
had
to
recall
thousands
of
vehicles
because
of
faulty
brakes
.
The
carmaker
had
to
recall
thousands
of
vehicles
because
of
faulty
brakes
.
•
The
toy
company
quickly
recalled
the
dolls
after
reports
of
loose
parts
.
The
toy
company
quickly
recalled
the
dolls
after
reports
of
loose
parts
.
noun
the
ability
to
remember
information
or
experiences
•
Children
often
have
excellent
recall
for
stories
they
enjoy
.
Children
often
have
excellent
recall
for
stories
they
enjoy
.
•
Regular
practice
can
improve
your
memory
and
recall
.
Regular
practice
can
improve
your
memory
and
recall
.
noun
an
official
order
to
return
someone
or
something
•
The
sudden
recall
of
the
ambassador
surprised
many
analysts
.
The
sudden
recall
of
the
ambassador
surprised
many
analysts
.
•
During
wartime
,
a
recall
can
bring
reserve
forces
back
into
service
.
During
wartime
,
a
recall
can
bring
reserve
forces
back
into
service
.
noun
a
political
process
in
which
voters
can
remove
an
elected
official
from
office
before
the
end
of
the
term
•
Citizens
began
collecting
signatures
to
force
a
recall
of
the
mayor
.
Citizens
began
collecting
signatures
to
force
a
recall
of
the
mayor
.
•
The
governor
survived
the
recall
after
a
heated
campaign
.
The
governor
survived
the
recall
after
a
heated
campaign
.
basically
adverb
in
the
most
important
or
fundamental
way
;
essentially
•
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
The
two
smartphones
are
basically
identical
;
the
difference
is
only
the
camera
.
•
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Water
and
ice
are
basically
the
same
substance
in
different
states
.
Formed
from
basic
+
-ally
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
mean
“
in
a
basic
manner
.”
adverb
used
in
conversation
to
introduce
or
emphasize
a
simple
summary
of
what
you
mean
•
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
Well
,
basically
,
the
movie
is
about
friendship
.
•
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Basically
,
if
you
follow
the
instructions
,
the
software
will
install
itself
.
Same
origin
as
the
fundamental
sense
;
its
use
as
a
discourse
marker
became
common
in
the
late
20th
century
.
theater
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
or
outdoor
space
with
a
stage
and
seats
where
people
watch
live
plays
,
concerts
,
or
other
performances
•
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
•
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
From
Middle
English
teatre
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
theatrum
,
from
Ancient
Greek
theátron
“
place
for
viewing
”.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
with
screens
and
seats
where
people
watch
films
•
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
•
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
Extension
of
Sense
1
after
the
invention
of
motion
pictures
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
the
art
,
craft
,
and
academic
study
of
writing
,
producing
,
and
acting
in
live
dramatic
performances
•
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
•
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
sterile
room
in
a
hospital
where
surgeons
perform
operations
•
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
•
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
’
s
new
theater
.
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
’
s
new
theater
.
Borrowed
from
the
dramatic
sense
to
describe
a
room
where
action
is
closely
watched
,
first
used
in
18th-century
hospitals
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
large
geographic
area
where
important
military
events
happen
during
a
war
•
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
•
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Military
use
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
comparing
large-scale
war
zones
to
a
stage
where
major
actions
are
played
out
.
academic
adjective
relating
to
study
,
learning
,
or
scholarship
,
especially
in
schools
,
colleges
,
and
universities
.
•
Maria
earned
excellent
academic
grades
in
her
first
year
of
university
.
Maria
earned
excellent
academic
grades
in
her
first
year
of
university
.
•
The
school
offers
extra
academic
support
for
students
who
struggle
with
math
.
The
school
offers
extra
academic
support
for
students
who
struggle
with
math
.
From
Latin
academicus
,
relating
to
the
Academy
founded
by
Plato
.
theme
noun
-
theme
,
theming
,
themes
,
themed
the
main
subject
or
idea
that
is
repeated
and
developed
in
a
piece
of
writing
,
speech
,
film
,
painting
,
or
any
other
work
of
art
•
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
Courage
is
the
central
theme
of
the
novel
she
is
reading
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
theme
of
the
short
story
.
From
Greek
‘
thema
’
meaning
“
proposition
,
subject
”
via
Latin
and
Old
French
.
specifically
adverb
used
to
say
that
something
is
meant
for
one
particular
person
,
thing
,
or
purpose
and
not
for
others
•
This
course
was
designed
specifically
for
beginners
.
This
course
was
designed
specifically
for
beginners
.
•
He
bought
a
lightweight
camera
specifically
to
record
his
mountain-climbing
adventures
.
He
bought
a
lightweight
camera
specifically
to
record
his
mountain-climbing
adventures
.
formed
from
specific
+
-ally
in
the
late
17th
century
to
create
the
adverbial
form
adverb
used
to
give
exact
or
detailed
information
about
what
you
mean
•
We
need
to
know
specifically
how
much
the
repairs
will
cost
.
We
need
to
know
specifically
how
much
the
repairs
will
cost
.
•
Can
you
explain
specifically
what
went
wrong
during
the
test
?
Can
you
explain
specifically
what
went
wrong
during
the
test
?
formed
from
specific
+
-ally
in
the
late
17th
century
to
create
the
adverbial
form
analyst
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
carefully
studies
information
,
events
,
or
situations
in
order
to
understand
them
and
explain
their
meaning
•
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
The
company
hired
an
analyst
to
examine
customer
feedback
and
spot
trends
.
•
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
As
a
sports
analyst
,
she
broke
down
each
team's
strategy
on
live
TV
.
From
analyze
+
-ist
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
a
person
who
studies
companies
,
markets
,
and
economic
data
to
give
advice
or
predictions
about
investing
•
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
The
bank's
senior
analyst
predicted
that
oil
prices
would
fall
next
year
.
•
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
Many
investors
rely
on
a
financial
analyst's
quarterly
reports
before
buying
stocks
.
noun
-
analyse
,
analysing
,
analyses
,
analysed
(
informal
)
short
for
psychoanalyst
,
a
therapist
trained
in
psychoanalysis
•
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
After
her
anxiety
worsened
,
she
began
weekly
sessions
with
an
analyst
.
•
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
The
famous
analyst
wrote
several
papers
on
dream
interpretation
.
typically
adverb
in
most
situations
or
on
average
;
normally
•
Typically
,
the
store
opens
at
nine
o'clock
each
morning
.
Typically
,
the
store
opens
at
nine
o'clock
each
morning
.
•
Winter
here
is
typically
cold
and
snowy
.
Winter
here
is
typically
cold
and
snowy
.
formed
from
the
adjective
“
typical
”
+
the
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
,”
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
adverb
in
a
way
that
shows
the
usual
qualities
of
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
thing
;
characteristically
•
Typically
,
Oliver
cracks
a
joke
when
the
meeting
gets
tense
.
Typically
,
Oliver
cracks
a
joke
when
the
meeting
gets
tense
.
•
In
her
rush
,
Lisa
typically
forgets
her
umbrella
at
home
.
In
her
rush
,
Lisa
typically
forgets
her
umbrella
at
home
.
See
etymology
of
sense
1
;
same
origin
.
philosophy
noun
-
philosophy
,
philosophies
the
academic
study
that
seeks
to
understand
the
deepest
questions
about
existence
,
knowledge
,
values
,
reason
,
and
language
•
At
university
,
Nora
decided
to
major
in
philosophy
because
she
loved
debating
questions
about
reality
and
truth
.
At
university
,
Nora
decided
to
major
in
philosophy
because
she
loved
debating
questions
about
reality
and
truth
.
•
Ancient
Greek
philosophy
still
shapes
how
we
think
about
ethics
today
.
Ancient
Greek
philosophy
still
shapes
how
we
think
about
ethics
today
.
From
Old
French
philosophie
,
from
Latin
philosophia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
philosophía
meaning
“
love
of
wisdom
”.
so-called
adjective
used
before
a
noun
when
you
think
the
name
or
description
is
wrong
,
exaggerated
,
or
you
do
not
approve
of
it
•
The
so-called
experts
totally
misread
the
weather
forecast
and
caused
chaos
at
the
outdoor
event
.
The
so-called
experts
totally
misread
the
weather
forecast
and
caused
chaos
at
the
outdoor
event
.
•
Many
people
bought
the
so-called
miracle
diet
pills
,
but
they
made
no
difference
at
all
.
Many
people
bought
the
so-called
miracle
diet
pills
,
but
they
made
no
difference
at
all
.
Formed
from
the
intensifier
"
so
"
+
past
participle
"
called
";
recorded
in
English
since
the
17th
century
as
a
way
to
question
the
accuracy
of
a
name
.
adjective
used
before
a
noun
simply
to
show
that
this
is
the
name
people
usually
give
to
something
•
The
tarsier
is
a
tiny
primate
from
Southeast
Asia
,
often
called
a
so-called
"
ghost
animal
"
because
of
its
big
eyes
.
The
tarsier
is
a
tiny
primate
from
Southeast
Asia
,
often
called
a
so-called
"
ghost
animal
"
because
of
its
big
eyes
.
•
Scientists
study
the
so-called
‘
dark
matter
’
that
makes
up
most
of
the
universe
.
Scientists
study
the
so-called
‘
dark
matter
’
that
makes
up
most
of
the
universe
.
organic
adjective
produced
or
grown
without
the
use
of
artificial
chemicals
such
as
synthetic
fertilizers
,
pesticides
,
or
preservatives
•
We
always
buy
organic
vegetables
from
the
local
farmers
’
market
.
We
always
buy
organic
vegetables
from
the
local
farmers
’
market
.
•
The
label
guarantees
that
the
apples
were
grown
using
organic
methods
.
The
label
guarantees
that
the
apples
were
grown
using
organic
methods
.
Sense
developed
in
the
1940s
as
interest
grew
in
farming
that
avoided
synthetic
chemicals
.
noun
food
or
other
agricultural
products
that
are
grown
or
made
without
artificial
chemicals
•
The
grocery
store
has
a
special
aisle
for
organics
.
The
grocery
store
has
a
special
aisle
for
organics
.
•
She
spends
more
money
on
organics
because
she
values
health
.
She
spends
more
money
on
organics
because
she
values
health
.
Noun
use
dates
from
the
1970s
as
consumers
began
asking
specifically
for
food
produced
by
organic
farming
.
adjective
relating
to
or
coming
from
living
things
•
Bones
and
feathers
are
organic
materials
that
decompose
over
time
.
Bones
and
feathers
are
organic
materials
that
decompose
over
time
.
•
Scientists
study
organic
matter
to
understand
ancient
ecosystems
.
Scientists
study
organic
matter
to
understand
ancient
ecosystems
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
organicus
“
relating
to
an
organ
or
instrument
”
and
later
linked
to
living
organisms
in
the
17th
century
.
adjective
developing
in
a
natural
,
gradual
,
and
connected
way
rather
than
being
artificially
planned
•
Her
leadership
style
allows
ideas
to
grow
in
an
organic
manner
.
Her
leadership
style
allows
ideas
to
grow
in
an
organic
manner
.
•
The
city
’
s
expansion
was
organic
,
following
the
river
rather
than
a
strict
grid
.
The
city
’
s
expansion
was
organic
,
following
the
river
rather
than
a
strict
grid
.
Figurative
sense
emerged
in
the
late
19th
century
,
likening
social
or
artistic
growth
to
living
organisms
.
adjective
in
chemistry
,
describing
compounds
that
contain
carbon
atoms
bonded
to
hydrogen
or
other
carbon
atoms
•
Organic
solvents
like
ethanol
dissolve
oils
and
fats
.
Organic
solvents
like
ethanol
dissolve
oils
and
fats
.
•
Students
memorize
common
organic
functional
groups
such
as
alcohols
and
ketones
.
Students
memorize
common
organic
functional
groups
such
as
alcohols
and
ketones
.
In
the
early
19th
century
,
chemists
believed
only
living
organisms
could
produce
carbon
compounds
,
calling
them
“
organic
.”
tragedy
noun
-
tragedy
,
tragedies
an
extremely
sad
event
or
situation
that
causes
great
suffering
and
distress
•
The
earthquake
was
a
tragedy
that
left
thousands
homeless
.
The
earthquake
was
a
tragedy
that
left
thousands
homeless
.
•
Losing
the
family
farm
to
fire
was
a
personal
tragedy
for
them
.
Losing
the
family
farm
to
fire
was
a
personal
tragedy
for
them
.
From
Middle
English
tragedie
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
tragoedia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
tragōidia
,
literally
“
goat
song
,”
referring
to
songs
sung
during
goat
sacrifices
.
noun
-
tragedy
,
tragedies
a
serious
play
,
film
,
or
literary
work
that
ends
sadly
,
often
with
the
main
character
’
s
downfall
or
death
•
Shakespeare
’
s
“
Hamlet
”
is
a
famous
tragedy
about
a
prince
seeking
revenge
.
Shakespeare
’
s
“
Hamlet
”
is
a
famous
tragedy
about
a
prince
seeking
revenge
.
•
Our
class
is
studying
Greek
tragedy
this
semester
.
Our
class
is
studying
Greek
tragedy
this
semester
.
From
Middle
English
tragedie
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
tragoedia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
tragōidia
,
literally
“
goat
song
,”
referring
to
songs
sung
during
goat
sacrifices
.
politically
adverb
in
a
way
that
concerns
politics
,
government
,
or
public
affairs
•
She
became
politically
active
during
her
first
year
at
university
.
She
became
politically
active
during
her
first
year
at
university
.
•
The
analyst
warned
that
the
budget
cuts
might
be
politically
risky
for
the
governor
.
The
analyst
warned
that
the
budget
cuts
might
be
politically
risky
for
the
governor
.
From
the
adjective
political
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
16th
century
.
myth
noun
a
very
old
traditional
story
,
often
about
gods
or
heroes
,
that
explains
how
the
world
,
people
,
or
customs
began
•
According
to
Greek
myth
,
Zeus
ruled
the
sky
from
Mount
Olympus
.
According
to
Greek
myth
,
Zeus
ruled
the
sky
from
Mount
Olympus
.
•
The
Māori
tell
a
myth
about
a
hero
fishing
the
islands
up
from
the
sea
.
The
Māori
tell
a
myth
about
a
hero
fishing
the
islands
up
from
the
sea
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
Greek
muthos
‘
story
’.
noun
a
belief
or
idea
that
many
people
think
is
true
but
is
actually
false
•
It
’
s
a
common
myth
that
cracking
your
knuckles
causes
arthritis
.
It
’
s
a
common
myth
that
cracking
your
knuckles
causes
arthritis
.
•
The
documentary
debunks
the
myth
that
all
astronauts
are
men
.
The
documentary
debunks
the
myth
that
all
astronauts
are
men
.
Sense
of
‘
untrue
belief
’
developed
in
early
20th
century
from
the
original
meaning
‘
traditional
story
’.
physically
adverb
in
a
way
that
involves
the
body
rather
than
the
mind
or
emotions
•
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
felt
physically
ready
for
the
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
felt
physically
ready
for
the
marathon
.
•
The
job
is
physically
demanding
,
so
workers
must
take
regular
breaks
.
The
job
is
physically
demanding
,
so
workers
must
take
regular
breaks
.
Derived
from
"
physical
"
+
"
-ly
",
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
adverb
in
a
real
,
tangible
way
,
involving
actual
contact
or
presence
rather
than
something
virtual
or
theoretical
•
The
old
letters
were
physically
stored
in
a
locked
box
under
the
bed
.
The
old
letters
were
physically
stored
in
a
locked
box
under
the
bed
.
•
Because
he
lived
abroad
,
he
couldn't
physically
attend
the
wedding
.
Because
he
lived
abroad
,
he
couldn't
physically
attend
the
wedding
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
"
physical
"
+
"
-ly
",
extending
to
the
idea
of
real-world
presence
in
the
late
19th
century
with
the
rise
of
telecommunication
.
robot
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
machine
that
is
controlled
by
a
computer
and
can
do
work
automatically
,
sometimes
looking
or
moving
like
a
human
.
•
In
the
automobile
plant
,
a
robot
swiftly
paints
each
car
body
the
same
perfect
shade
of
red
.
In
the
automobile
plant
,
a
robot
swiftly
paints
each
car
body
the
same
perfect
shade
of
red
.
•
At
home
,
a
small
vacuum
robot
glided
under
the
sofa
and
picked
up
crumbs
.
At
home
,
a
small
vacuum
robot
glided
under
the
sofa
and
picked
up
crumbs
.
From
Czech
“
robot
”,
meaning
'forced
labour'
,
coined
by
writer
Karel
Čapek
in
his
1920
play
“
R
.
U
.
R
.”.
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
computer
program
that
automatically
performs
repetitive
tasks
on
the
internet
,
such
as
indexing
pages
or
answering
simple
questions
.
•
A
search
engine
robot
crawls
millions
of
web
pages
every
day
.
A
search
engine
robot
crawls
millions
of
web
pages
every
day
.
•
The
chat
robot
on
the
company
website
answers
basic
shipping
questions
instantly
.
The
chat
robot
on
the
company
website
answers
basic
shipping
questions
instantly
.
Based
on
the
earlier
sense
of
a
mechanical
robot
;
later
applied
metaphorically
to
software
that
does
automated
work
.
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
person
who
acts
or
speaks
in
a
very
mechanical
,
emotionless
way
,
as
if
they
were
a
machine
.
•
During
the
presentation
,
he
repeated
the
script
like
a
robot
,
without
any
feeling
.
During
the
presentation
,
he
repeated
the
script
like
a
robot
,
without
any
feeling
.
•
After
weeks
of
overtime
,
she
felt
like
a
tired
robot
just
going
through
the
motions
.
After
weeks
of
overtime
,
she
felt
like
a
tired
robot
just
going
through
the
motions
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
mechanical
sense
of
‘
robot
’.
automatically
adverb
without
any
human
control
or
effort
,
by
means
of
a
machine
,
program
,
or
built-in
mechanism
•
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
The
sliding
doors
automatically
open
when
a
customer
gets
close
.
•
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
My
phone
automatically
backs
up
all
photos
to
the
cloud
every
night
.
From
automatic
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
self-acting
machines
.
adverb
without
conscious
thought
,
because
of
habit
or
instinct
•
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
When
the
ball
came
at
her
face
,
she
automatically
raised
her
hands
to
block
it
.
•
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
He
automatically
says
“
thank
you
”
the
moment
someone
holds
the
door
for
him
.
Extension
of
the
mechanical
sense
to
human
behavior
in
the
late
19th
century
,
describing
actions
done
‘
as
if
by
machinery
’.
adverb
inevitably
or
by
necessary
rule
,
without
an
extra
decision
•
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
Under
the
policy
,
full-time
employees
automatically
receive
health
insurance
.
•
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
If
your
balance
falls
below
zero
,
the
bank
will
automatically
charge
an
overdraft
fee
.
Legal
and
bureaucratic
writing
in
the
20th
century
adopted
the
adverb
to
mean
‘
as
a
matter
of
course
or
rule
’.
ideology
noun
-
ideology
,
ideologies
a
system
of
ideas
and
beliefs
that
guides
the
aims
and
actions
of
a
person
,
group
,
or
movement
•
The
revolutionary
group
adopted
a
new
ideology
centered
on
equality
and
freedom
.
The
revolutionary
group
adopted
a
new
ideology
centered
on
equality
and
freedom
.
•
Environmental
protection
is
at
the
heart
of
the
party
’
s
ideology
.
Environmental
protection
is
at
the
heart
of
the
party
’
s
ideology
.
early
19th-century
coinage
from
French
idéologie
,
originally
meaning
the
‘
science
of
ideas
’,
from
Greek
idea
‘
form
,
pattern
’
+
–logy
‘
study
’.
noun
-
ideology
,
ideologies
the
general
way
of
thinking
and
set
of
values
typical
of
a
society
,
culture
,
or
historical
period
•
The
dominant
ideology
of
the
1950s
emphasized
traditional
family
roles
.
The
dominant
ideology
of
the
1950s
emphasized
traditional
family
roles
.
•
Modern
business
ideology
often
values
innovation
over
stability
.
Modern
business
ideology
often
values
innovation
over
stability
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
French
idéologie
, ‘
science
of
ideas
’.
Over
time
it
came
to
mean
the
ideas
themselves
.
practically
adverb
almost
;
very
nearly
•
The
cookies
were
so
popular
that
they
were
practically
gone
within
minutes
.
The
cookies
were
so
popular
that
they
were
practically
gone
within
minutes
.
•
From
our
house
,
the
school
is
practically
next
door
.
From
our
house
,
the
school
is
practically
next
door
.
From
practical
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
.
adverb
in
a
sensible
,
realistic
,
or
useful
way
that
focuses
on
actual
results
rather
than
theory
•
Let
’
s
think
practically
—
we
don
’
t
have
enough
money
for
a
luxury
hotel
.
Let
’
s
think
practically
—
we
don
’
t
have
enough
money
for
a
luxury
hotel
.
•
He
solved
the
problem
practically
by
using
simple
tools
instead
of
fancy
gadgets
.
He
solved
the
problem
practically
by
using
simple
tools
instead
of
fancy
gadgets
.
See
practical
+
-ly
;
meaning
"
in
a
practical
manner
"
is
from
the
late
16th
century
.
dramatically
adverb
in
a
sudden
,
large
,
or
impressive
way
that
shows
a
big
change
•
After
the
rainstorm
,
the
river
’
s
water
level
rose
dramatically
.
After
the
rainstorm
,
the
river
’
s
water
level
rose
dramatically
.
•
The
new
medicine
dramatically
reduced
the
patient's
fever
.
The
new
medicine
dramatically
reduced
the
patient's
fever
.
adverb
in
a
theatrical
,
exaggerated
,
or
highly
emotional
way
,
like
an
actor
on
a
stage
•
The
actor
paused
and
then
dramatically
slammed
the
door
.
The
actor
paused
and
then
dramatically
slammed
the
door
.
•
She
gasped
dramatically
and
covered
her
mouth
in
mock
surprise
.
She
gasped
dramatically
and
covered
her
mouth
in
mock
surprise
.
apology
noun
-
apology
,
apologies
,
apologize
,
apologizing
,
apologizes
,
apologized
words
that
say
you
are
sorry
for
something
you
did
wrong
or
for
a
problem
you
caused
.
•
She
offered
a
heartfelt
apology
for
arriving
late
.
She
offered
a
heartfelt
apology
for
arriving
late
.
•
The
airline
emailed
every
passenger
an
official
apology
after
the
long
flight
delay
.
The
airline
emailed
every
passenger
an
official
apology
after
the
long
flight
delay
.
From
Late
Latin
apologia
“
a
defense
,
justification
,”
later
shifting
in
English
to
the
sense
of
saying
sorry
.
noun
-
apology
,
apologies
,
apologize
,
apologizing
,
apologizes
,
apologized
a
formal
spoken
or
written
defense
of
an
idea
,
belief
,
or
action
that
people
criticize
.
•
Plato
’
s
“
Apology
”
records
Socrates
defending
his
way
of
life
before
the
Athenian
court
.
Plato
’
s
“
Apology
”
records
Socrates
defending
his
way
of
life
before
the
Athenian
court
.
•
The
essay
is
an
apology
for
free-market
economics
.
The
essay
is
an
apology
for
free-market
economics
.
Sense
follows
the
original
Greek
apologia
“
a
speech
in
defense
.”
noun
-
apology
,
apologies
,
apologize
,
apologizing
,
apologizes
,
apologized
a
very
poor
or
inadequate
example
of
something
,
often
used
humorously
.
•
The
hotel
served
an
apology
for
a
breakfast
—
just
dry
toast
and
warm
water
.
The
hotel
served
an
apology
for
a
breakfast
—
just
dry
toast
and
warm
water
.
•
His
report
was
an
apology
for
research
,
filled
with
errors
and
guesswork
.
His
report
was
an
apology
for
research
,
filled
with
errors
and
guesswork
.
Developed
by
figurative
use
of
the
main
sense
,
suggesting
something
so
poor
that
it
must
itself
apologize
.
historically
adverb
at
some
time
in
the
past
or
over
past
periods
of
time
•
She
historically
took
the
bus
to
work
before
buying
a
car
.
She
historically
took
the
bus
to
work
before
buying
a
car
.
•
The
village
has
historically
relied
on
fishing
for
its
income
.
The
village
has
historically
relied
on
fishing
for
its
income
.
formed
from
historic
+-ally
in
the
late
17th
century
to
mean
‘
in
reference
to
history
’.
adverb
from
the
point
of
view
of
history
or
historians
;
concerning
what
actually
happened
in
the
past
•
Historically
,
scholars
believed
the
sun
revolved
around
the
earth
.
Historically
,
scholars
believed
the
sun
revolved
around
the
earth
.
•
The
building
is
historically
significant
because
it
hosted
the
first
parliament
.
The
building
is
historically
significant
because
it
hosted
the
first
parliament
.
Same
as
sense
1
;
later
extended
in
the
19th
century
to
mean
‘
from
a
historian
’
s
viewpoint
’.
graphic
adjective
related
to
drawings
,
pictures
,
or
other
visual
images
,
especially
in
printing
,
publishing
,
or
computing
.
•
She
studied
graphic
design
at
university
to
become
an
illustrator
.
She
studied
graphic
design
at
university
to
become
an
illustrator
.
•
The
user
interface
has
simple
graphic
icons
that
even
children
can
recognize
.
The
user
interface
has
simple
graphic
icons
that
even
children
can
recognize
.
From
Latin
graphicus
“
of
drawing
or
writing
”,
from
Ancient
Greek
graphikos
,
from
graphein
“
to
write
,
draw
”.
noun
a
picture
,
diagram
,
or
symbol
that
is
printed
,
drawn
,
or
shown
on
a
screen
to
communicate
information
or
decorate
something
.
•
She
added
a
colorful
graphic
to
her
blog
post
.
She
added
a
colorful
graphic
to
her
blog
post
.
•
He
created
a
3D
graphic
of
a
car
using
modeling
software
.
He
created
a
3D
graphic
of
a
car
using
modeling
software
.
Sense
referring
to
a
single
picture
developed
in
the
mid-20th
century
with
the
rise
of
graphic
design
and
computer
imagery
.
adjective
describing
something
with
very
clear
,
vivid
,
and
often
shocking
detail
,
especially
about
unpleasant
subjects
.
•
The
reporter
gave
a
graphic
account
of
the
earthquake's
destruction
.
The
reporter
gave
a
graphic
account
of
the
earthquake's
destruction
.
•
Parents
complained
about
the
movie's
graphic
violence
.
Parents
complained
about
the
movie's
graphic
violence
.
Extended
figurative
use
appeared
in
the
early
19th
century
,
focusing
on
vividness
rather
than
visual
art
.
sympathy
noun
-
sympathy
,
sympathies
a
feeling
of
care
and
understanding
for
someone
who
is
sad
,
hurt
,
or
in
a
difficult
situation
•
Lisa
rested
her
hand
on
her
friend
’
s
arm
,
her
face
full
of
sympathy
as
he
talked
about
losing
his
job
.
Lisa
rested
her
hand
on
her
friend
’
s
arm
,
her
face
full
of
sympathy
as
he
talked
about
losing
his
job
.
•
The
nurse
listened
with
sympathy
to
the
elderly
patient
’
s
worries
about
the
surgery
.
The
nurse
listened
with
sympathy
to
the
elderly
patient
’
s
worries
about
the
surgery
.
Mid-16th
century
from
French
sympathie
,
via
Latin
from
Greek
sumpatheia
‘
fellow-feeling
’ (
from
sun-
‘
together
’
+
pathos
‘
feeling
’).
noun
-
sympathy
,
sympathies
words
,
cards
,
or
other
gestures
that
show
you
care
about
someone
’
s
sorrow
•
She
kept
every
sympathy
card
she
received
after
her
grandmother
died
.
She
kept
every
sympathy
card
she
received
after
her
grandmother
died
.
•
The
mayor
sent
his
sympathy
to
the
victims
’
families
.
The
mayor
sent
his
sympathy
to
the
victims
’
families
.
noun
-
sympathy
,
sympathies
agreement
with
or
support
for
another
person
’
s
ideas
,
feelings
,
or
actions
•
Many
voters
are
in
sympathy
with
the
students
’
demand
for
cheaper
tuition
.
Many
voters
are
in
sympathy
with
the
students
’
demand
for
cheaper
tuition
.
•
The
newspaper
wrote
an
editorial
in
sympathy
with
the
striking
workers
.
The
newspaper
wrote
an
editorial
in
sympathy
with
the
striking
workers
.
noun
-
sympathy
,
sympathies
a
natural
effect
in
which
one
object
or
part
vibrates
,
moves
,
or
reacts
when
another
related
object
is
disturbed
•
The
guitar
string
vibrated
in
sympathy
with
the
note
sung
by
the
choir
.
The
guitar
string
vibrated
in
sympathy
with
the
note
sung
by
the
choir
.
•
Scientists
observed
that
the
second
pendulum
began
to
swing
in
sympathy
with
the
first
.
Scientists
observed
that
the
second
pendulum
began
to
swing
in
sympathy
with
the
first
.
technically
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
strictly
correct
according
to
facts
,
rules
,
or
definitions
•
Technically
,
the
museum
closes
at
five
o
’
clock
,
so
we
should
leave
now
.
Technically
,
the
museum
closes
at
five
o
’
clock
,
so
we
should
leave
now
.
•
She
is
technically
still
an
employee
,
even
though
she
hasn
’
t
worked
here
for
months
.
She
is
technically
still
an
employee
,
even
though
she
hasn
’
t
worked
here
for
months
.
From
technical
+
-ly
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
adverb
involving
or
relating
to
technical
skill
,
methods
,
or
practical
details
•
The
phone
is
technically
advanced
,
with
a
powerful
processor
and
a
sharp
display
.
The
phone
is
technically
advanced
,
with
a
powerful
processor
and
a
sharp
display
.
•
The
piece
was
technically
difficult
to
play
,
but
the
violinist
made
it
look
easy
.
The
piece
was
technically
difficult
to
play
,
but
the
violinist
made
it
look
easy
.
From
technical
+
-ly
,
reflecting
the
sense
of
‘
pertaining
to
technique
or
technology
’.
vocal
adjective
connected
with
the
human
voice
,
especially
in
speaking
or
singing
•
The
choir
director
praised
Elena
’
s
vocal
strength
during
rehearsal
.
The
choir
director
praised
Elena
’
s
vocal
strength
during
rehearsal
.
•
Actors
often
take
vocal
training
to
improve
their
diction
.
Actors
often
take
vocal
training
to
improve
their
diction
.
From
Latin
vocalis
“
having
a
voice
,
speaking
”,
from
vox
“
voice
”.
adjective
willing
to
express
opinions
loudly
and
clearly
,
especially
on
public
issues
•
Greta
has
been
vocal
about
the
need
for
better
public
transport
.
Greta
has
been
vocal
about
the
need
for
better
public
transport
.
•
Local
parents
grew
vocal
when
the
school
reduced
art
classes
.
Local
parents
grew
vocal
when
the
school
reduced
art
classes
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
from
“
using
the
voice
”
to
“
speaking
out
strongly
”.
noun
the
singing
part
of
a
song
,
or
a
person
’
s
recorded
singing
voice
•
The
producer
added
echo
to
the
lead
vocal
to
create
a
dreamy
effect
.
The
producer
added
echo
to
the
lead
vocal
to
create
a
dreamy
effect
.
•
Her
crisp
vocal
stood
out
above
the
guitars
in
the
mix
.
Her
crisp
vocal
stood
out
above
the
guitars
in
the
mix
.
Noun
use
dates
from
the
early
20th
century
,
short
for
“
vocal
part
”.