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era
noun
a
distinct
period
of
history
or
life
that
is
marked
by
particular
events
,
developments
,
or
people
•
The
invention
of
the
internet
marked
the
beginning
of
a
new
era
of
communication
.
The
invention
of
the
internet
marked
the
beginning
of
a
new
era
of
communication
.
•
Many
people
feel
nostalgic
for
the
era
when
vinyl
records
were
popular
.
Many
people
feel
nostalgic
for
the
era
when
vinyl
records
were
popular
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
era
("
number
,
series
,
chronological
epoch
"),
first
used
in
English
in
the
17th
century
to
express
a
fixed
point
in
time
.
noun
in
geology
,
a
major
division
of
geological
time
that
is
longer
than
a
period
and
shorter
than
an
eon
•
Dinosaurs
dominated
the
Earth
during
the
Mesozoic
era
.
Dinosaurs
dominated
the
Earth
during
the
Mesozoic
era
.
•
The
Paleozoic
era
ended
with
a
massive
extinction
event
.
The
Paleozoic
era
ended
with
a
massive
extinction
event
.
Adopted
by
geologists
in
the
19th
century
to
categorize
vast
stretches
of
earth
’
s
history
.
several
determiner
more
than
two
but
not
a
large
number
of
•
I
bought
several
books
at
the
sale
.
I
bought
several
books
at
the
sale
.
•
Several
students
raised
their
hands
to
answer
the
question
.
Several
students
raised
their
hands
to
answer
the
question
.
From
Late
Latin
‘
severalis
’
meaning
‘
separate
,
different
’.
pronoun
more
than
two
but
not
many
people
or
things
,
used
without
a
following
noun
•
Several
were
injured
in
the
accident
.
Several
were
injured
in
the
accident
.
•
Only
several
remained
after
the
others
left
early
.
Only
several
remained
after
the
others
left
early
.
Pronoun
use
developed
from
the
determiner
meaning
in
Middle
English
.
adjective
separate
and
different
from
one
another
;
distinct
•
After
the
ceremony
,
the
friends
went
their
several
ways
.
After
the
ceremony
,
the
friends
went
their
several
ways
.
•
The
treaty
granted
the
islands
several
governments
.
The
treaty
granted
the
islands
several
governments
.
Sense
of
‘
separate
,
distinct
’
comes
from
Late
Latin
‘
separalis
’.
federal
adjective
connected
with
the
central
government
of
a
country
that
is
made
up
of
several
states
or
provinces
•
Canada's
federal
government
sets
nationwide
immigration
policies
.
Canada's
federal
government
sets
nationwide
immigration
policies
.
•
The
new
law
must
survive
challenges
in
both
state
and
federal
courts
.
The
new
law
must
survive
challenges
in
both
state
and
federal
courts
.
From
Latin
foedus
“
league
,
covenant
”;
adopted
into
English
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
agreements
binding
states
together
,
later
referring
to
the
central
authority
itself
.
noun
an
employee
or
officer
of
the
U
.
S
.
federal
government
,
especially
a
law-enforcement
agent
•
The
federal
showed
his
badge
before
entering
the
office
.
The
federal
showed
his
badge
before
entering
the
office
.
•
Local
police
coordinated
with
the
federals
during
the
operation
.
Local
police
coordinated
with
the
federals
during
the
operation
.
Noun
sense
developed
in
20th-century
U
.
S
.
English
as
a
clipped
form
of
“
federal
agent
.”
camera
noun
A
device
with
a
lens
that
captures
photographs
or
moving
images
.
•
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
Rina
lifted
her
new
camera
to
take
a
photo
of
the
sunset
over
the
lake
.
•
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
During
the
school
play
,
a
student
operated
the
video
camera
at
the
back
of
the
auditorium
.
Mid-19th
century
from
Latin
camera
obscura
,
literally
‘
dark
chamber
’,
the
early
photographic
device
.
noun
(
anatomy
,
technical
)
A
chamber
or
cavity
within
a
living
organism
,
especially
one
of
the
chambers
of
the
eye
.
•
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
The
ophthalmologist
explained
that
pressure
inside
the
eye
’
s
anterior
camera
was
slightly
high
.
•
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
Fluid
moves
from
one
camera
of
the
eye
to
another
to
nourish
the
cornea
.
From
Latin
camera
‘
chamber
’,
adopted
in
anatomical
terminology
for
enclosed
spaces
within
organs
.
general
adjective
covering
or
affecting
most
people
,
things
,
or
situations
,
rather
than
focusing
on
specific
details
•
The
general
opinion
is
that
the
park
should
stay
open
later
.
The
general
opinion
is
that
the
park
should
stay
open
later
.
•
There
was
a
general
feeling
of
excitement
before
the
concert
.
There
was
a
general
feeling
of
excitement
before
the
concert
.
From
Latin
generalis
“
relating
to
all
,
of
a
whole
,”
from
genus
“
kind
,
type
.”
adjective
involving
or
affecting
most
people
or
things
and
not
dealing
with
particular
details
•
Before
we
start
the
project
,
let
me
give
you
a
general
overview
of
the
plan
.
Before
we
start
the
project
,
let
me
give
you
a
general
overview
of
the
plan
.
•
The
teacher
asked
for
general
questions
first
,
and
then
moved
on
to
specific
problems
.
The
teacher
asked
for
general
questions
first
,
and
then
moved
on
to
specific
problems
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
général
,
from
Latin
generalis
‘
relating
to
all
’
adjective
usual
or
normal
for
most
people
or
situations
•
It
’
s
a
general
rule
to
remove
your
shoes
before
entering
the
house
.
It
’
s
a
general
rule
to
remove
your
shoes
before
entering
the
house
.
•
There
is
a
general
belief
that
exercise
is
good
for
health
.
There
is
a
general
belief
that
exercise
is
good
for
health
.
adjective
affecting
or
relating
to
most
people
,
things
,
or
situations
;
broad
rather
than
specific
•
We
had
a
general
discussion
about
the
new
museum
without
going
into
details
.
We
had
a
general
discussion
about
the
new
museum
without
going
into
details
.
•
As
a
general
rule
,
it
’
s
wise
to
get
eight
hours
of
sleep
each
night
.
As
a
general
rule
,
it
’
s
wise
to
get
eight
hours
of
sleep
each
night
.
From
Latin
generalis
“
of
a
whole
class
,”
from
genus
“
kind
,
type
.”
adjective
giving
only
the
main
idea
and
not
all
the
details
•
Could
you
give
me
a
general
idea
of
the
budget
?
Could
you
give
me
a
general
idea
of
the
budget
?
•
This
map
shows
the
general
location
of
the
campsite
.
This
map
shows
the
general
location
of
the
campsite
.
noun
a
high-ranking
officer
in
the
army
,
air
force
,
or
Marines
,
above
a
colonel
•
The
general
inspected
the
troops
on
the
parade
ground
.
The
general
inspected
the
troops
on
the
parade
ground
.
•
A
retired
general
gave
a
speech
about
leadership
at
the
university
.
A
retired
general
gave
a
speech
about
leadership
at
the
university
.
Adopted
in
the
14th
century
from
the
adjective
“
general
,”
originally
referring
to
an
officer
with
authority
over
an
entire
army
rather
than
a
specific
unit
.
noun
a
high-ranking
officer
in
the
army
,
above
a
colonel
•
The
general
inspected
the
troops
before
the
parade
.
The
general
inspected
the
troops
before
the
parade
.
•
After
years
of
service
,
she
became
the
youngest
general
in
the
country
’
s
history
.
After
years
of
service
,
she
became
the
youngest
general
in
the
country
’
s
history
.
From
Old
French
‘
general
’,
used
as
a
shortening
of
‘
captain
general
’,
meaning
an
officer
with
authority
over
all
others
.
noun
a
high-ranking
officer
in
an
army
,
above
colonel
and
below
field
marshal
in
some
countries
•
The
general
inspected
the
troops
at
dawn
.
The
general
inspected
the
troops
at
dawn
.
•
After
decades
of
service
,
he
was
promoted
to
general
.
After
decades
of
service
,
he
was
promoted
to
general
.
Title
shortened
from
captain
general
,
first
used
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
adjective
usual
or
normal
;
happening
or
existing
most
of
the
time
•
As
a
general
rule
,
I
go
jogging
before
breakfast
.
As
a
general
rule
,
I
go
jogging
before
breakfast
.
•
Cold
,
rainy
weather
is
general
in
this
region
during
winter
.
Cold
,
rainy
weather
is
general
in
this
region
during
winter
.
operation
noun
the
way
a
machine
,
system
,
or
process
works
and
is
used
•
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
•
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
’
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
’
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
noun
a
business
or
organized
activity
that
produces
goods
or
provides
services
•
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
•
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
noun
a
medical
procedure
in
which
doctors
cut
into
the
body
to
treat
or
fix
something
•
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
•
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
noun
a
process
such
as
addition
,
subtraction
,
multiplication
,
or
division
that
changes
numbers
or
amounts
•
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
•
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
noun
a
planned
military
,
police
,
or
rescue
action
•
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
•
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
noun
an
action
or
command
that
a
computer
or
machine
carries
out
on
data
•
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
•
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
generation
noun
all
the
people
born
and
living
at
about
the
same
time
,
considered
as
a
group
•
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
•
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
noun
-
generation
the
act
or
process
of
producing
or
creating
something
,
especially
power
,
heat
,
or
ideas
•
Wind
farms
help
with
the
generation
of
clean
electricity
.
Wind
farms
help
with
the
generation
of
clean
electricity
.
•
Brainstorming
meetings
spark
the
generation
of
new
ideas
.
Brainstorming
meetings
spark
the
generation
of
new
ideas
.
noun
each
stage
in
a
family
line
,
measured
from
parent
to
child
•
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
•
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
noun
a
particular
stage
in
the
development
of
a
product
,
technology
,
or
idea
•
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
•
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
generally
adverb
usually
or
in
most
situations
•
On
weekends
,
families
generally
eat
breakfast
together
.
On
weekends
,
families
generally
eat
breakfast
together
.
•
Cats
generally
dislike
taking
baths
.
Cats
generally
dislike
taking
baths
.
adverb
without
focusing
on
specific
details
;
broadly
or
in
a
general
way
•
Generally speaking
,
electric
cars
are
quieter
than
gasoline
cars
.
Generally speaking
,
electric
cars
are
quieter
than
gasoline
cars
.
•
The
report
,
generally speaking
,
supports
our
earlier
findings
.
The
report
,
generally speaking
,
supports
our
earlier
findings
.
average
adjective
ordinary
or
typical
;
not
especially
good
or
bad
•
It
was
an
average
day
at
the
office
—
nothing
exciting
happened
.
It
was
an
average
day
at
the
office
—
nothing
exciting
happened
.
•
He
’
s
of
average
height
for
a
12-year-old
boy
.
He
’
s
of
average
height
for
a
12-year-old
boy
.
noun
the
result
you
get
when
you
add
several
numbers
together
and
divide
by
how
many
numbers
there
are
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
find
the
average
of
five
different
temperatures
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
find
the
average
of
five
different
temperatures
.
•
If
you
walk
6
km
on
Monday
and
4
km
on
Tuesday
,
your
daily
walking
average
is
5
km
.
If
you
walk
6
km
on
Monday
and
4
km
on
Tuesday
,
your
daily
walking
average
is
5
km
.
From
French
'avarie'
meaning
"
damage
to
ship
or
cargo
",
later
extended
in
English
to
the
mathematical
sense
in
the
1700s
.
noun
a
typical
or
usual
level
,
amount
,
or
standard
in
a
group
or
period
•
The
average
price
of
coffee
in
the
city
has
gone
up
this
year
.
The
average
price
of
coffee
in
the
city
has
gone
up
this
year
.
•
On
average
,
it
snows
here
about
ten
days
each
winter
.
On
average
,
it
snows
here
about
ten
days
each
winter
.
adjective
typical
,
ordinary
,
or
in
the
middle
of
a
range
;
not
special
or
extreme
•
An
average
family
in
this
town
owns
one
car
.
An
average
family
in
this
town
owns
one
car
.
•
The
hotel
room
is
small
but
offers
all
the
average
comforts
travelers
need
.
The
hotel
room
is
small
but
offers
all
the
average
comforts
travelers
need
.
noun
the
number
you
get
when
you
add
several
values
together
and
then
divide
by
how
many
values
there
are
•
To
find
the
average
,
add
up
all
the
test
scores
and
divide
by
seven
.
To
find
the
average
,
add
up
all
the
test
scores
and
divide
by
seven
.
•
The
average
of
10
,
20
,
and
30
is
20
.
The
average
of
10
,
20
,
and
30
is
20
.
From
Latin
‘
mediāre
’
through
Middle
French
‘
avarage
’,
later
influenced
by
the
idea
of
‘
even
level
’.
noun
a
typical
or
usual
amount
,
level
,
or
standard
•
The
average
rainfall
here
is
about
800
millimeters
a
year
.
The
average
rainfall
here
is
about
800
millimeters
a
year
.
•
An
average
family
spends
around
$150
a
week
on
groceries
.
An
average
family
spends
around
$150
a
week
on
groceries
.
adjective
not
very
good
;
only
fair
or
mediocre
•
The
movie
was
just
average
—
I
wouldn
’
t
watch
it
again
.
The
movie
was
just
average
—
I
wouldn
’
t
watch
it
again
.
•
His
cooking
is
only
average
,
but
he
tries
hard
.
His
cooking
is
only
average
,
but
he
tries
hard
.
verb
-
average
,
averaging
,
averages
,
averaged
to
have
or
produce
a
particular
typical
amount
over
time
,
or
to
calculate
the
average
of
several
numbers
•
The
buses
average
a
five-minute
delay
during
rush
hour
.
The
buses
average
a
five-minute
delay
during
rush
hour
.
•
Over
the
semester
,
she
averaged
92
percent
in
math
.
Over
the
semester
,
she
averaged
92
percent
in
math
.
verb
-
average
,
averaging
,
averages
,
averaged
to
have
or
produce
a
usual
amount
found
by
dividing
the
total
by
the
number
of
items
•
The
farm
averages
200
eggs
a
day
.
The
farm
averages
200
eggs
a
day
.
•
Over
the
year
,
the
athlete
averaged
10
kilometers
of
running
each
morning
.
Over
the
year
,
the
athlete
averaged
10
kilometers
of
running
each
morning
.
noun
-
average
in
marine
insurance
,
loss
or
damage
to
a
ship
or
its
cargo
,
or
the
shared
cost
resulting
from
such
loss
•
The
captain
declared
‘
general
average
’
after
the
cargo
was
jettisoned
to
save
the
ship
.
The
captain
declared
‘
general
average
’
after
the
cargo
was
jettisoned
to
save
the
ship
.
•
Under
maritime
law
,
each
shipper
must
contribute
to
the
average
.
Under
maritime
law
,
each
shipper
must
contribute
to
the
average
.
Borrowed
in
the
Middle
Ages
from
Old
French
‘
avarie
’
meaning
shipping
damage
,
later
specialized
in
English
maritime
law
.
temperature
noun
how
hot
or
cold
something
is
,
measured
with
a
scale
such
as
degrees
Celsius
or
Fahrenheit
•
The
temperature
dropped
below
freezing
overnight
.
The
temperature
dropped
below
freezing
overnight
.
•
Set
the
oven
to
a
temperature
of
200
degrees
Celsius
before
you
put
in
the
bread
.
Set
the
oven
to
a
temperature
of
200
degrees
Celsius
before
you
put
in
the
bread
.
From
Latin
temperatūra
“
moderation
,
mixture
,
proper
proportion
,”
later
“
degree
of
heat
,”
from
temperāre
“
to
mix
in
proper
proportion
.”
noun
the
level
of
heat
in
a
person
’
s
or
animal
’
s
body
,
used
to
see
if
they
have
a
fever
•
The
nurse
took
my
temperature
with
an
ear
thermometer
.
The
nurse
took
my
temperature
with
an
ear
thermometer
.
•
If
your
temperature
is
above
38
°C
,
you
should
rest
and
drink
plenty
of
water
.
If
your
temperature
is
above
38
°C
,
you
should
rest
and
drink
plenty
of
water
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
;
use
in
medicine
recorded
since
the
mid-18th
century
.
noun
the
general
level
of
emotion
,
tension
,
or
excitement
in
a
situation
or
group
•
The
moderator
’
s
calm
voice
lowered
the
temperature
of
the
heated
debate
.
The
moderator
’
s
calm
voice
lowered
the
temperature
of
the
heated
debate
.
•
Managers
use
surveys
to
take
the
temperature
of
employee
morale
.
Managers
use
surveys
to
take
the
temperature
of
employee
morale
.
Figurative
extension
recorded
since
the
early
20th
century
,
comparing
social
mood
to
heat
.
operate
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
machine
or
system
)
to
work
or
function
in
the
way
it
was
designed
•
You
must
fix
the
wiring
before
the
elevator
can
operate
again
.
You
must
fix
the
wiring
before
the
elevator
can
operate
again
.
•
My
old
wristwatch
still
operates
perfectly
after
twenty
years
.
My
old
wristwatch
still
operates
perfectly
after
twenty
years
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
to
control
or
use
a
machine
,
device
,
or
piece
of
equipment
•
Only
trained
pilots
are
allowed
to
operate
the
aircraft
.
Only
trained
pilots
are
allowed
to
operate
the
aircraft
.
•
She
learned
to
operate
the
3D
printer
in
one
afternoon
.
She
learned
to
operate
the
3D
printer
in
one
afternoon
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
person
,
company
,
or
service
)
to
carry
out
business
or
be
active
,
especially
in
a
particular
place
or
way
•
The
bakery
will
operate
seven
days
a
week
during
the
holidays
.
The
bakery
will
operate
seven
days
a
week
during
the
holidays
.
•
They
operate
mainly
in
South
America
and
Asia
.
They
operate
mainly
in
South
America
and
Asia
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
to
perform
surgery
on
someone
•
The
surgeon
will
operate
on
the
patient
at
noon
.
The
surgeon
will
operate
on
the
patient
at
noon
.
•
Doctors
had
to
operate
immediately
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
Doctors
had
to
operate
immediately
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
law
,
rule
,
or
force
)
to
have
an
effect
or
exert
influence
•
The
new
law
will
operate
to
protect
tenants
from
unfair
rent
increases
.
The
new
law
will
operate
to
protect
tenants
from
unfair
rent
increases
.
•
In
zero
gravity
,
different
physical
laws
operate
.
In
zero
gravity
,
different
physical
laws
operate
.
literature
noun
-
literature
written
works
such
as
novels
,
poems
,
and
plays
that
are
valued
for
their
imaginative
or
artistic
quality
•
During
her
first
year
at
university
,
Anna
chose
to
major
in
literature
because
she
loved
reading
stories
from
around
the
world
.
During
her
first
year
at
university
,
Anna
chose
to
major
in
literature
because
she
loved
reading
stories
from
around
the
world
.
•
The
city
hosts
an
annual
festival
that
celebrates
children
’
s
literature
with
lively
readings
and
puppet
shows
.
The
city
hosts
an
annual
festival
that
celebrates
children
’
s
literature
with
lively
readings
and
puppet
shows
.
from
Latin
litteratura
“
learning
,
writing
,
grammar
,”
from
littera
“
letter
.”
noun
-
literature
all
the
books
,
articles
,
and
other
writings
on
a
particular
subject
,
period
,
or
place
•
Before
starting
her
research
paper
on
renewable
energy
,
Zoe
reviewed
the
scientific
literature
on
the
topic
.
Before
starting
her
research
paper
on
renewable
energy
,
Zoe
reviewed
the
scientific
literature
on
the
topic
.
•
The
professor
asked
us
to
summarize
the
existing
literature
on
bilingual
education
.
The
professor
asked
us
to
summarize
the
existing
literature
on
bilingual
education
.
noun
-
literature
printed
information
such
as
brochures
or
leaflets
used
to
advertise
or
inform
about
products
or
services
•
The
travel
agent
handed
us
glossy
literature
about
several
beach
resorts
.
The
travel
agent
handed
us
glossy
literature
about
several
beach
resorts
.
•
Please
send
me
your
company
’
s
promotional
literature
by
email
.
Please
send
me
your
company
’
s
promotional
literature
by
email
.
generate
verb
-
generate
,
generating
,
generates
,
generated
to
produce
or
create
something
such
as
heat
,
electricity
,
feelings
,
or
results
•
The
wind
turbines
on
the
hill
generate
enough
electricity
for
the
entire
village
.
The
wind
turbines
on
the
hill
generate
enough
electricity
for
the
entire
village
.
•
Squeezing
the
hand
warmer
causes
a
reaction
that
generates
heat
within
seconds
.
Squeezing
the
hand
warmer
causes
a
reaction
that
generates
heat
within
seconds
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
generāre
“
to
beget
,
produce
”,
from
genus
“
birth
,
kind
”.
verb
-
generate
,
generating
,
generates
,
generated
to
create
data
,
images
,
or
other
output
automatically
using
a
machine
or
computer
program
•
The
computer
program
can
generate
ten
random
passwords
in
a
second
.
The
computer
program
can
generate
ten
random
passwords
in
a
second
.
•
Clicking
the
button
generates
a
detailed
weather
map
for
the
pilots
.
Clicking
the
button
generates
a
detailed
weather
map
for
the
pilots
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
generāre
“
to
beget
,
produce
”.
coverage
noun
reporting
or
broadcasting
of
news
or
events
by
newspapers
,
television
,
radio
,
or
online
media
•
The
live
coverage
of
the
royal
wedding
kept
millions
glued
to
their
TVs
.
The
live
coverage
of
the
royal
wedding
kept
millions
glued
to
their
TVs
.
•
Our
local
newspaper
gave
little
coverage
to
the
science
fair
.
Our
local
newspaper
gave
little
coverage
to
the
science
fair
.
From
the
verb
“
cover
”
+
“
-age
”,
first
recorded
in
late
19th-century
American
journalism
.
noun
the
extent
or
area
reached
,
dealt
with
,
or
affected
by
something
such
as
a
service
,
activity
,
or
substance
•
Mountain
villages
still
have
poor
mobile
phone
coverage
.
Mountain
villages
still
have
poor
mobile
phone
coverage
.
•
The
map
shows
internet
coverage
across
the
country
.
The
map
shows
internet
coverage
across
the
country
.
noun
the
protection
or
benefit
provided
by
an
insurance
policy
•
Without
health
coverage
,
many
people
avoid
going
to
the
doctor
.
Without
health
coverage
,
many
people
avoid
going
to
the
doctor
.
•
Her
car
coverage
includes
protection
against
theft
.
Her
car
coverage
includes
protection
against
theft
.
liberal
adjective
willing
to
accept
new
ideas
and
allow
other
people
to
behave
or
think
differently
from
you
•
Her
parents
have
a
very
liberal
attitude
toward
music
,
letting
her
listen
to
whatever
she
likes
.
Her
parents
have
a
very
liberal
attitude
toward
music
,
letting
her
listen
to
whatever
she
likes
.
•
The
school
adopts
a
liberal
dress
code
,
so
students
can
wear
jeans
and
T-shirts
.
The
school
adopts
a
liberal
dress
code
,
so
students
can
wear
jeans
and
T-shirts
.
From
Latin
liberalis
“
pertaining
to
freedom
,
generous
,”
from
liber
“
free
.”
interaction
noun
the
act
of
people
communicating
or
doing
things
together
so
that
they
influence
one
another
•
The
teacher
encouraged
more
interaction
between
students
during
group
projects
.
The
teacher
encouraged
more
interaction
between
students
during
group
projects
.
•
After
moving
abroad
,
daily
interaction
with
locals
helped
him
learn
the
language
faster
.
After
moving
abroad
,
daily
interaction
with
locals
helped
him
learn
the
language
faster
.
From
Latin
inter-
(“
between
”)
+
actio
(“
doing
,
action
”),
meaning
things
that
act
upon
each
other
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
two
or
more
things
affect
and
change
each
other
•
The
doctor
warned
that
the
interaction
between
the
two
medicines
could
cause
dizziness
.
The
doctor
warned
that
the
interaction
between
the
two
medicines
could
cause
dizziness
.
•
Scientists
are
studying
the
interaction
of
climate
and
ocean
currents
.
Scientists
are
studying
the
interaction
of
climate
and
ocean
currents
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
,
with
scientific
use
expanding
in
the
1800s
as
experimental
chemistry
grew
.
noun
in
physics
,
one
of
the
fundamental
forces
that
act
between
particles
or
fields
•
The
electromagnetic
interaction
holds
electrons
around
the
nucleus
.
The
electromagnetic
interaction
holds
electrons
around
the
nucleus
.
•
Gravity
is
the
weakest
fundamental
interaction
,
but
it
shapes
the
universe
.
Gravity
is
the
weakest
fundamental
interaction
,
but
it
shapes
the
universe
.
Adopted
in
modern
physics
in
the
20th
century
to
describe
the
four
forces
forming
the
Standard
Model
.
overall
adjective
including
or
covering
everything
;
taken
as
a
whole
•
The
overall
cost
of
the
project
was
lower
than
expected
.
The
overall
cost
of
the
project
was
lower
than
expected
.
•
Her
overall
health
improved
after
she
started
exercising
regularly
.
Her
overall
health
improved
after
she
started
exercising
regularly
.
From
over
+
all
,
originally
meaning
"
everywhere
on
"
in
Middle
English
,
later
developing
the
sense
of
"
including
everything
".
adverb
when
everything
is
considered
;
in
general
•
Overall
,
the
concert
was
a
huge
success
.
Overall
,
the
concert
was
a
huge
success
.
•
The
weather
was
rainy
,
but
we
had
fun
overall
.
The
weather
was
rainy
,
but
we
had
fun
overall
.
Adverbial
use
evolved
in
the
18th
century
from
the
adjective
,
carrying
the
meaning
"
taken
as
a
whole
."
noun
a
loose
protective
piece
of
clothing
,
usually
with
long
sleeves
,
worn
over
ordinary
clothes
to
keep
them
clean
•
The
mechanic
hung
his
oily
blue
overall
on
a
hook
.
The
mechanic
hung
his
oily
blue
overall
on
a
hook
.
•
She
wears
a
white
overall
while
painting
to
protect
her
clothes
.
She
wears
a
white
overall
while
painting
to
protect
her
clothes
.
Originally
plural
"
overalls
"
in
the
19th
century
for
trousers
worn
over
regular
clothes
;
later
also
used
in
singular
for
the
full
protective
garment
.
literally
adverb
in
the
exact
,
real
,
or
most
basic
sense
,
without
exaggeration
or
metaphor
•
The
house
is
literally
next
door
to
the
school
.
The
house
is
literally
next
door
to
the
school
.
•
Water
will
literally
boil
at
100
°C
when
you
are
at
sea
level
.
Water
will
literally
boil
at
100
°C
when
you
are
at
sea
level
.
From
Middle
English
literal
+
-ly
,
meaning
“
in
a
literal
manner
.”
adverb
(
informal
)
used
to
add
emphasis
,
even
when
the
statement
is
not
true
in
the
exact
sense
•
My
backpack
is
so
heavy
;
it's
literally
killing
my
shoulders
.
My
backpack
is
so
heavy
;
it's
literally
killing
my
shoulders
.
•
She
was
literally
bouncing
off
the
walls
with
excitement
after
getting
the
job
offer
.
She
was
literally
bouncing
off
the
walls
with
excitement
after
getting
the
job
offer
.
Sense
extension
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
as
an
intensifier
.
veteran
noun
a
person
who
has
served
in
a
country
’
s
armed
forces
,
especially
someone
who
fought
in
a
war
•
During
the
town
parade
,
a
proud
veteran
saluted
the
flag
as
it
passed
by
.
During
the
town
parade
,
a
proud
veteran
saluted
the
flag
as
it
passed
by
.
•
The
clinic
provides
free
medical
check-ups
for
every
war
veteran
in
the
county
.
The
clinic
provides
free
medical
check-ups
for
every
war
veteran
in
the
county
.
from
Latin
‘
veteranus
’
meaning
‘
old
,
experienced
’,
originally
describing
old
soldiers
in
the
Roman
army
adjective
relating
to
people
who
have
served
in
the
armed
forces
•
The
city
opened
a
new
veteran
hospital
near
the
downtown
area
.
The
city
opened
a
new
veteran
hospital
near
the
downtown
area
.
•
She
applied
for
a
scholarship
reserved
for
children
of
veteran
families
.
She
applied
for
a
scholarship
reserved
for
children
of
veteran
families
.
extension
of
the
military
noun
sense
to
describe
services
,
institutions
,
or
rights
for
former
soldiers
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th
century
U
.
S
.
usage
noun
someone
who
has
a
lot
of
experience
in
a
particular
job
,
activity
,
or
field
•
The
company
hired
a
marketing
veteran
to
lead
its
new
campaign
.
The
company
hired
a
marketing
veteran
to
lead
its
new
campaign
.
•
As
a
journalism
veteran
,
he
always
double-checks
his
sources
before
publishing
.
As
a
journalism
veteran
,
he
always
double-checks
his
sources
before
publishing
.
same
Latin
root
‘
veteranus
’;
later
broadened
in
English
to
mean
anyone
long
experienced
in
an
area
adjective
having
a
lot
of
experience
in
a
particular
activity
or
job
•
A
veteran
reporter
covered
the
complex
court
case
with
confidence
.
A
veteran
reporter
covered
the
complex
court
case
with
confidence
.
•
The
chef
relied
on
his
veteran
assistants
to
keep
the
kitchen
running
smoothly
.
The
chef
relied
on
his
veteran
assistants
to
keep
the
kitchen
running
smoothly
.
adjectival
use
evolved
from
the
noun
sense
in
15th-century
English
therapy
noun
-
therapy
,
therapies
treatment
given
to
cure
or
relieve
a
physical
or
mental
illness
or
disability
,
often
using
medicine
,
exercises
,
or
talking
rather
than
surgery
•
After
her
accident
,
Maria
received
physical
therapy
to
help
her
walk
again
.
After
her
accident
,
Maria
received
physical
therapy
to
help
her
walk
again
.
•
The
doctor
said
a
course
of
radiation
therapy
could
shrink
the
tumor
.
The
doctor
said
a
course
of
radiation
therapy
could
shrink
the
tumor
.
Early
19th
century
,
from
Greek
therapeia
‘
healing
’,
from
therapeuein
‘
treat
medically
’.
noun
-
therapy
,
therapies
an
activity
or
experience
that
makes
someone
feel
calmer
,
happier
,
or
less
stressed
•
Playing
the
piano
every
evening
is
pure
therapy
for
me
.
Playing
the
piano
every
evening
is
pure
therapy
for
me
.
•
For
some
people
,
gardening
is
a
form
of
therapy
after
a
stressful
day
.
For
some
people
,
gardening
is
a
form
of
therapy
after
a
stressful
day
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
medical
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
consideration
noun
-
consideration
the
act
of
thinking
carefully
about
something
before
deciding
or
judging
•
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
•
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
From
Latin
“
consideratio
”
meaning
‘
examination
’
or
‘
thought
’.
noun
a
fact
or
detail
that
you
must
think
about
when
deciding
something
•
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
•
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
noun
-
consideration
kind
behaviour
that
shows
you
care
about
other
people's
feelings
and
needs
•
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
•
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
noun
-
consideration
something
of
value
given
by
each
party
in
a
contract
that
makes
the
agreement
legally
binding
•
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
•
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
funeral
noun
a
ceremony
in
which
a
dead
person
is
buried
or
cremated
,
usually
attended
by
family
and
friends
•
Hundreds
of
people
came
to
his
funeral
to
pay
their
respects
.
Hundreds
of
people
came
to
his
funeral
to
pay
their
respects
.
•
The
funeral
will
be
held
on
Friday
at
the
town
chapel
.
The
funeral
will
be
held
on
Friday
at
the
town
chapel
.
From
Latin
funus
,
funeralis
meaning
‘
burial
,
funeral
rites
’.
adjective
relating
to
or
used
at
a
funeral
ceremony
•
They
contacted
a
funeral
director
to
arrange
everything
.
They
contacted
a
funeral
director
to
arrange
everything
.
•
A
line
of
black
funeral
cars
waited
outside
the
chapel
.
A
line
of
black
funeral
cars
waited
outside
the
chapel
.
Adjectival
use
derived
from
the
noun
‘
funeral
’.
vulnerable
adjective
easily
harmed
,
injured
,
or
damaged
,
especially
in
a
physical
way
•
Without
her
helmet
,
the
cyclist
felt
vulnerable
on
the
busy
city
streets
.
Without
her
helmet
,
the
cyclist
felt
vulnerable
on
the
busy
city
streets
.
•
Small
sailboats
are
vulnerable
during
sudden
ocean
storms
.
Small
sailboats
are
vulnerable
during
sudden
ocean
storms
.
From
Latin
vulnerabilis
“
that
may
be
wounded
,”
from
vulnus
“
wound
.”
adjective
easily
hurt
emotionally
or
mentally
because
you
are
open
about
your
feelings
or
in
a
weak
position
•
After
the
breakup
,
she
felt
too
vulnerable
to
start
dating
again
.
After
the
breakup
,
she
felt
too
vulnerable
to
start
dating
again
.
•
He
made
himself
vulnerable
by
admitting
he
needed
help
.
He
made
himself
vulnerable
by
admitting
he
needed
help
.
adjective
(
computing
)
having
a
weakness
that
can
be
exploited
by
an
attack
or
error
•
Outdated
software
is
often
vulnerable
to
hackers
.
Outdated
software
is
often
vulnerable
to
hackers
.
•
The
security
team
patched
the
vulnerable
section
of
the
code
.
The
security
team
patched
the
vulnerable
section
of
the
code
.
literary
adjective
connected
with
books
,
writing
,
or
the
study
of
literature
•
She
hopes
to
build
a
literary
career
after
university
.
She
hopes
to
build
a
literary
career
after
university
.
•
The
magazine
publishes
reviews
of
the
year's
best
literary
works
.
The
magazine
publishes
reviews
of
the
year's
best
literary
works
.
From
Latin
litterarius
‘
relating
to
letters
or
learning
’.
adjective
liking
or
involved
in
reading
and
writing
serious
books
•
My
grandfather
is
very
literary
and
spends
entire
evenings
with
classic
novels
.
My
grandfather
is
very
literary
and
spends
entire
evenings
with
classic
novels
.
•
The
club
attracts
literary
students
who
love
discussing
poetry
.
The
club
attracts
literary
students
who
love
discussing
poetry
.
adjective
describing
language
that
is
formal
and
elegant
,
more
typical
of
books
than
everyday
speech
•
The
speech
used
literary
phrases
that
some
listeners
found
old-fashioned
.
The
speech
used
literary
phrases
that
some
listeners
found
old-fashioned
.
•
He
prefers
a
plain
style
and
avoids
literary
words
in
business
emails
.
He
prefers
a
plain
style
and
avoids
literary
words
in
business
emails
.
cooperation
noun
-
cooperation
the
act
of
working
together
with
other
people
or
groups
to
reach
a
shared
goal
•
The
students'
cooperation
made
the
group
project
fun
and
successful
.
The
students'
cooperation
made
the
group
project
fun
and
successful
.
•
International
scientists
showed
remarkable
cooperation
while
developing
the
vaccine
.
International
scientists
showed
remarkable
cooperation
while
developing
the
vaccine
.
From
Latin
cooperātiō
,
from
cooperārī
“
to
work
together
.”
noun
-
cooperation
the
willingness
to
do
what
someone
asks
or
tells
you
,
by
following
rules
or
instructions
•
Thank
you
for
your
cooperation
during
the
security
screening
.
Thank
you
for
your
cooperation
during
the
security
screening
.
•
The
teacher
asked
for
the
class's
cooperation
in
keeping
the
room
tidy
.
The
teacher
asked
for
the
class's
cooperation
in
keeping
the
room
tidy
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
but
used
in
formal
requests
for
help
or
discipline
.
desperate
adjective
feeling
or
showing
a
loss
of
all
hope
•
After
months
without
work
,
he
felt
desperate
and
alone
.
After
months
without
work
,
he
felt
desperate
and
alone
.
•
The
lost
hikers
grew
desperate
when
their
water
ran
out
.
The
lost
hikers
grew
desperate
when
their
water
ran
out
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
"
desperatus
,"
past
participle
of
"
desperare
"
meaning
“
to
lose
hope
.”
adjective
needing
or
wanting
something
so
much
that
you
will
try
almost
anything
to
get
it
•
I'm
desperate
for
a
cup
of
coffee
this
morning
.
I'm
desperate
for
a
cup
of
coffee
this
morning
.
•
The
plants
were
desperate
for
rain
after
the
long
drought
.
The
plants
were
desperate
for
rain
after
the
long
drought
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
“
desperare
,”
but
figurative
use
for
strong
need
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
adjective
(
of
an
action
)
showing
reckless
determination
because
all
other
options
seem
to
have
failed
•
In
a
desperate
bid
to
win
,
the
runner
sprinted
despite
his
injury
.
In
a
desperate
bid
to
win
,
the
runner
sprinted
despite
his
injury
.
•
The
doctor
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
restart
the
patient's
heart
.
The
doctor
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
restart
the
patient's
heart
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
actions
taken
when
hope
is
lost
.
operating
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
running
or
controlling
something
so
that
it
works
as
it
should
•
The
technician
is
operating
the
3-D
printer
during
the
demonstration
.
The
technician
is
operating
the
3-D
printer
during
the
demonstration
.
•
Emergency
workers
kept
operating
the
pumps
all
night
to
remove
the
floodwater
.
Emergency
workers
kept
operating
the
pumps
all
night
to
remove
the
floodwater
.
noun
the
activity
of
running
or
controlling
something
so
that
it
works
•
Proper
operating
of
heavy
machinery
reduces
the
risk
of
accidents
.
Proper
operating
of
heavy
machinery
reduces
the
risk
of
accidents
.
•
The
manual
explains
the
operating
of
the
new
coffee
machine
step
by
step
.
The
manual
explains
the
operating
of
the
new
coffee
machine
step
by
step
.
adjective
relating
to
the
normal
working
or
day-to-day
running
of
a
machine
,
business
,
or
system
•
The
company
’
s
operating
costs
fell
after
switching
to
solar
power
.
The
company
’
s
operating
costs
fell
after
switching
to
solar
power
.
•
Always
read
the
operating
instructions
before
starting
the
blender
.
Always
read
the
operating
instructions
before
starting
the
blender
.
moderate
adjective
average
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
;
not
extreme
or
excessive
•
We
chose
a
moderate
hike
that
beginners
could
finish
in
two
hours
.
We
chose
a
moderate
hike
that
beginners
could
finish
in
two
hours
.
•
The
soup
has
a
moderate
amount
of
salt
,
making
it
flavorful
but
not
too
salty
.
The
soup
has
a
moderate
amount
of
salt
,
making
it
flavorful
but
not
too
salty
.
verb
-
moderate
,
moderating
,
moderates
,
moderated
to
make
something
less
intense
,
severe
,
or
extreme
•
Drinking
water
before
meals
can
moderate
your
appetite
.
Drinking
water
before
meals
can
moderate
your
appetite
.
•
The
city
planted
more
trees
to
moderate
summer
temperatures
.
The
city
planted
more
trees
to
moderate
summer
temperatures
.
verb
-
moderate
,
moderating
,
moderates
,
moderated
to
guide
and
control
a
discussion
,
debate
,
or
meeting
in
a
fair
and
orderly
way
•
The
teacher
will
moderate
the
debate
between
the
two
teams
.
The
teacher
will
moderate
the
debate
between
the
two
teams
.
•
She
was
invited
to
moderate
an
online
panel
on
renewable
energy
.
She
was
invited
to
moderate
an
online
panel
on
renewable
energy
.
noun
a
person
whose
opinions
are
not
extreme
and
who
seeks
a
middle
position
between
opposing
views
•
He
considers
himself
a
political
moderate
rather
than
an
extremist
.
He
considers
himself
a
political
moderate
rather
than
an
extremist
.
•
The
new
law
was
crafted
by
a
coalition
of
moderates
from
both
parties
.
The
new
law
was
crafted
by
a
coalition
of
moderates
from
both
parties
.
operator
noun
someone
whose
job
is
to
control
a
machine
,
vehicle
,
or
system
•
The
escalator
stopped
because
the
operator
turned
it
off
for
maintenance
.
The
escalator
stopped
because
the
operator
turned
it
off
for
maintenance
.
•
A
skilled
crane
operator
lifted
the
steel
beams
into
place
.
A
skilled
crane
operator
lifted
the
steel
beams
into
place
.
From
Latin
“
operator
”
meaning
‘
worker
’,
from
“
operārī
” ‘
to
work
’.
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
connect
telephone
calls
and
give
information
to
callers
•
When
I
dialed
zero
,
the
operator
asked
which
department
I
wanted
.
When
I
dialed
zero
,
the
operator
asked
which
department
I
wanted
.
•
In
old
movies
,
you
often
see
a
telephone
operator
plugging
cables
into
a
big
board
.
In
old
movies
,
you
often
see
a
telephone
operator
plugging
cables
into
a
big
board
.
Extension
of
the
general
sense
‘
one
who
operates
’,
applied
to
early
telephone
switchboards
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
symbol
or
word
in
mathematics
or
computing
that
tells
the
system
to
perform
a
particular
calculation
or
action
•
In
the
equation
3
+
2
,
the
plus
sign
is
an
operator
.
In
the
equation
3
+
2
,
the
plus
sign
is
an
operator
.
•
Use
the
multiplication
operator
*
to
find
the
product
of
two
numbers
in
the
program
.
Use
the
multiplication
operator
*
to
find
the
product
of
two
numbers
in
the
program
.
Technical
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
to
name
symbols
that
‘
operate
’
on
numbers
or
variables
.
noun
informal
:
someone
who
is
very
good
at
making
deals
or
getting
what
they
want
,
often
in
a
clever
or
sometimes
dishonest
way
•
Jake
is
a
real
operator
;
he
always
walks
away
with
the
best
bargain
.
Jake
is
a
real
operator
;
he
always
walks
away
with
the
best
bargain
.
•
The
smooth
operator
convinced
investors
to
fund
his
risky
scheme
.
The
smooth
operator
convinced
investors
to
fund
his
risky
scheme
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
‘
one
who
works
machinery
’
to
‘
one
who
skillfully
works
situations
’,
attested
since
the
early
20th
century
.
considerable
adjective
large
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
•
The
project
will
require
a
considerable
amount
of
time
and
money
.
The
project
will
require
a
considerable
amount
of
time
and
money
.
•
She
showed
considerable
skill
in
fixing
the
old
computer
.
She
showed
considerable
skill
in
fixing
the
old
computer
.
From
Middle
English
considerable
(“
worthy
of
consideration
”),
from
consider
+
-able
,
first
attested
in
the
15th
century
.
adjective
important
enough
to
deserve
attention
or
respect
•
The
professor
is
a
scholar
of
considerable
reputation
in
the
field
of
linguistics
.
The
professor
is
a
scholar
of
considerable
reputation
in
the
field
of
linguistics
.
•
Winning
the
prize
was
a
considerable
honor
for
the
young
scientist
.
Winning
the
prize
was
a
considerable
honor
for
the
young
scientist
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
;
earlier
meaning
of
“
worthy
of
consideration
”
later
broadened
to
denote
size
or
amount
.