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use
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
do
something
with
an
object
,
tool
,
or
ability
so
that
it
helps
you
reach
a
goal
or
complete
a
task
•
Tom
learned
how
to
use
chopsticks
during
his
trip
to
Japan
.
Tom
learned
how
to
use
chopsticks
during
his
trip
to
Japan
.
•
Please
use
a
pencil
when
you
fill
out
the
form
.
Please
use
a
pencil
when
you
fill
out
the
form
.
From
Latin
"
uti
"
meaning
"
to
employ
".
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
employ
something
or
someone
in
order
to
do
a
job
or
reach
a
goal
•
You
can
use
my
pen
to
sign
the
form
.
You
can
use
my
pen
to
sign
the
form
.
•
The
firefighter
used
a
ladder
to
reach
the
second-floor
window
.
The
firefighter
used
a
ladder
to
reach
the
second-floor
window
.
From
Old
French
‘
user
’,
from
Latin
‘
ūtī
’
meaning
‘
to
employ
,
enjoy
’.
noun
the
act
of
using
something
,
or
the
purpose
for
which
something
is
used
•
This
old
phone
is
still
in
good
use
.
This
old
phone
is
still
in
good
use
.
•
A
hammer
has
many
uses
around
the
house
.
A
hammer
has
many
uses
around
the
house
.
From
Old
French
"
us
",
from
Latin
"
usus
"
meaning
"
act
of
using
".
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
consume
a
supply
or
amount
of
something
•
This
printer
uses
a
lot
of
ink
.
This
printer
uses
a
lot
of
ink
.
•
Our
old
heater
used
too
much
electricity
,
so
we
replaced
it
.
Our
old
heater
used
too
much
electricity
,
so
we
replaced
it
.
noun
the
act
of
using
something
or
the
state
of
being
used
•
The
playground
is
closed
,
so
the
swings
are
not
in
use
.
The
playground
is
closed
,
so
the
swings
are
not
in
use
.
•
Regular
use
of
sunscreen
protects
your
skin
.
Regular
use
of
sunscreen
protects
your
skin
.
noun
a
purpose
or
function
that
something
serves
•
Is
there
any
use
for
this
broken
umbrella
?
Is
there
any
use
for
this
broken
umbrella
?
•
Glass
jars
have
many
uses
,
like
storing
herbs
or
screws
.
Glass
jars
have
many
uses
,
like
storing
herbs
or
screws
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
treat
someone
selfishly
as
a
tool
for
your
own
benefit
•
He
felt
hurt
because
she
only
used
him
for
free
rides
.
He
felt
hurt
because
she
only
used
him
for
free
rides
.
•
Don
’
t
let
anyone
use
you
to
advance
their
career
.
Don
’
t
let
anyone
use
you
to
advance
their
career
.
noun
the
benefit
or
advantage
gained
from
something
•
It
’
s
no
use
arguing
;
the
decision
is
final
.
It
’
s
no
use
arguing
;
the
decision
is
final
.
•
What
use
is
a
key
without
a
lock
?
What
use
is
a
key
without
a
lock
?
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
treat
a
person
only
as
a
means
to
obtain
what
you
want
,
without
caring
about
their
feelings
•
I
feel
like
he's
just
using
me
for
my
money
.
I
feel
like
he's
just
using
me
for
my
money
.
•
Don't
let
anyone
use
you
and
then
walk
away
.
Don't
let
anyone
use
you
and
then
walk
away
.
Metaphoric
extension
of
"
use
"
meaning
"
employ
"
to
human
relationships
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
to
take
or
consume
an
illegal
,
harmful
,
or
addictive
drug
•
He
started
using
painkillers
after
the
accident
and
became
addicted
.
He
started
using
painkillers
after
the
accident
and
became
addicted
.
•
The
clinic
helps
teenagers
who
use
drugs
.
The
clinic
helps
teenagers
who
use
drugs
.
Extended
sense
of
"
use
"
meaning
"
employ
"
applied
to
substances
in
19th-century
American
English
.
because
conjunction
used
to
introduce
the
reason
for
something
•
We
stayed
indoors
because
it
was
raining
heavily
.
We
stayed
indoors
because
it
was
raining
heavily
.
•
She
brought
an
umbrella
because
she
expected
showers
.
She
brought
an
umbrella
because
she
expected
showers
.
From
Middle
English
"
bicause
",
literally
“
by
cause
”,
formed
from
"
bi
" (“
by
”)
+
"
cause
".
conjunction
for
the
reason
that
;
since
•
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
She
wore
a
coat
because
it
was
cold
outside
.
•
I
didn
’
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
I
didn
’
t
call
you
because
I
lost
my
phone
.
Old
English
“
bicause
”
from
“
bi
” (
by
)
+
“
cause
”,
meaning
“
by
the
cause
”.
Over
time
the
spelling
settled
as
“
because
”.
adverb
used
alone
to
refuse
or
avoid
giving
a
reason
,
implying
the
reason
is
obvious
or
not
up
for
discussion
•
“
But
why
can
’
t
I
go
?”
she
asked
. “
Because
.”
“
But
why
can
’
t
I
go
?”
she
asked
. “
Because
.”
•
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
The
toddler
kept
asking
the
same
question
,
and
her
exhausted
mother
finally
muttered
"
Because
."
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
;
the
standalone
use
arose
in
the
20th
century
as
an
abbreviated
reply
.
preposition
informal
:
used
before
a
single
word
or
short
phrase
to
give
the
reason
for
something
,
without
using
“
of
”.
•
He
was
late
because
traffic
.
He
was
late
because
traffic
.
•
She
bought
two
coffees
because
caffeine
.
She
bought
two
coffees
because
caffeine
.
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
sense
;
this
newer
use
arose
in
internet
culture
around
the
early
2000s
.
house
noun
a
building
where
people
live
,
usually
meant
for
one
family
•
After
months
of
searching
,
they
finally
bought
a
charming
house
by
the
lake
.
After
months
of
searching
,
they
finally
bought
a
charming
house
by
the
lake
.
•
The
cat
slipped
out
of
the
house
when
the
door
was
left
open
.
The
cat
slipped
out
of
the
house
when
the
door
was
left
open
.
Old
English
“
hūs
”
meaning
dwelling
or
shelter
,
related
to
German
“
Haus
”.
verb
-
house
,
housing
,
houses
,
housed
to
provide
someone
or
something
with
a
place
to
live
,
stay
,
or
be
stored
•
The
shelter
can
house
up
to
fifty
stray
dogs
.
The
shelter
can
house
up
to
fifty
stray
dogs
.
•
The
museum
houses
an
impressive
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
The
museum
houses
an
impressive
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
noun
a
company
or
firm
that
produces
or
sells
a
particular
type
of
goods
or
services
•
He
works
at
a
famous
fashion house
in
Milan
.
He
works
at
a
famous
fashion house
in
Milan
.
•
The
publishing house
accepted
her
first
novel
.
The
publishing house
accepted
her
first
novel
.
noun
the
people
watching
a
performance
in
a
theatre
,
cinema
,
or
similar
venue
•
The
comedian
stepped
on
stage
to
a
packed house
.
The
comedian
stepped
on
stage
to
a
packed house
.
•
There
wasn
’
t
a
dry
eye
in
the
house
when
the
curtain
fell
.
There
wasn
’
t
a
dry
eye
in
the
house
when
the
curtain
fell
.
noun
one
of
the
separate
groups
of
elected
representatives
that
together
form
a
parliament
or
legislature
•
A
bill
must
pass
both
Houses
before
it
becomes
law
.
A
bill
must
pass
both
Houses
before
it
becomes
law
.
•
The
House of Representatives
voted
on
the
measure
.
The
House of Representatives
voted
on
the
measure
.
House
noun
a
royal
or
noble
family
line
that
shares
the
same
surname
or
title
•
Queen
Elizabeth
II
belongs
to
the
House of Windsor
.
Queen
Elizabeth
II
belongs
to
the
House of Windsor
.
•
Medieval
Europe
saw
alliances
between
the
House of Valois
and
other
dynasties
.
Medieval
Europe
saw
alliances
between
the
House of Valois
and
other
dynasties
.
cause
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
,
especially
something
bad
or
unwanted
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
match
to
be
cancelled
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
match
to
be
cancelled
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
.
From
Old
French
cause
,
from
Latin
causa
meaning
‘
reason
,
motive
’.
noun
the
reason
something
happens
or
exists
•
The
police
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
fire
.
The
police
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
fire
.
•
Stress
is
a
common
cause
of
headaches
.
Stress
is
a
common
cause
of
headaches
.
From
Old
French
cause
,
from
Latin
causa
‘
reason
’.
noun
an
aim
,
principle
,
or
organization
that
people
support
or
work
for
•
She
donates
money
to
environmental
causes
every
year
.
She
donates
money
to
environmental
causes
every
year
.
•
The
volunteers
marched
for
the
cause
of
human
rights
.
The
volunteers
marched
for
the
cause
of
human
rights
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
‘
reason
’
to
‘
that
which
people
act
for
’,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
cause
,
causing
,
causes
,
caused
to
make
something
happen
or
exist
•
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
Heavy
rain
caused
the
river
to
overflow
its
banks
.
•
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
cause
tooth
decay
in
children
.
From
Middle
English
‘
causen
’,
borrowed
from
Old
French
‘
causer
’,
from
Latin
‘
causāre
’ (
to
give
reason
).
noun
the
reason
why
something
happens
•
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
Scientists
are
still
looking
for
the
cause
of
the
mysterious
disease
.
•
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
Smoke
was
the
main
cause
of
death
in
the
fire
,
not
the
flames
themselves
.
From
Latin
‘
causa
’
meaning
‘
reason
,
motive
’.
noun
a
goal
,
principle
,
or
organization
that
people
work
hard
to
support
•
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
She
has
devoted
her
life
to
the
cause
of
animal
rights
.
•
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Volunteers
sold
homemade
cookies
to
raise
money
for
the
cause
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
‘
cause
’
as
something
that
motivates
action
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
a
legal
case
that
is
heard
and
decided
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
The
judge
dismissed
the
cause
for
lack
of
evidence
.
•
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
The
plaintiff
filed
a
cause
against
the
company
for
negligence
.
Specialized
legal
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
the
broader
meaning
of
‘
cause
’
as
grounds
or
reason
.
focus
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
the
state
of
giving
all
your
attention
to
one
particular
task
,
idea
,
or
activity
•
With
complete
focus
,
the
boy
finished
his
puzzle
in
record
time
.
With
complete
focus
,
the
boy
finished
his
puzzle
in
record
time
.
•
The
student's
intense
focus
on
the
microscope
slide
impressed
her
science
teacher
.
The
student's
intense
focus
on
the
microscope
slide
impressed
her
science
teacher
.
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
the
main
subject
or
center
of
interest
or
activity
•
The
focus
of
today's
meeting
is
next
month's
budget
.
The
focus
of
today's
meeting
is
next
month's
budget
.
•
In
the
photograph
,
the
baby
is
the
clear
focus
while
the
background
is
blurry
.
In
the
photograph
,
the
baby
is
the
clear
focus
while
the
background
is
blurry
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
give
all
your
attention
to
something
,
or
to
make
someone
do
this
•
Please
focus
on
the
road
when
you
drive
.
Please
focus
on
the
road
when
you
drive
.
•
The
chess
player
closed
his
eyes
for
a
second
to
focus
before
the
final
move
.
The
chess
player
closed
his
eyes
for
a
second
to
focus
before
the
final
move
.
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
the
person
,
thing
,
or
activity
that
people
give
most
of
their
attention
to
•
This
year
,
the
charity
’
s
main
focus
is
building
new
wells
for
the
village
.
This
year
,
the
charity
’
s
main
focus
is
building
new
wells
for
the
village
.
•
During
the
meeting
,
everyone
kept
their
focus
on
finding
a
quick
solution
.
During
the
meeting
,
everyone
kept
their
focus
on
finding
a
quick
solution
.
From
Latin
focus
“
hearth
,
fireplace
,”
later
“
center
of
activity
.”
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
the
ability
to
think
clearly
or
see
something
sharply
without
distraction
•
Listening
to
soft
music
helps
her
regain
focus
while
studying
.
Listening
to
soft
music
helps
her
regain
focus
while
studying
.
•
After
a
short
walk
,
he
returned
to
work
with
renewed
focus
.
After
a
short
walk
,
he
returned
to
work
with
renewed
focus
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
give
all
your
attention
and
effort
to
one
particular
activity
,
subject
,
or
problem
•
The
students
focus
hard
when
the
exam
begins
.
The
students
focus
hard
when
the
exam
begins
.
•
She
needs
to
focus
on
finishing
her
science
project
tonight
.
She
needs
to
focus
on
finishing
her
science
project
tonight
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
adjust
a
camera
,
microscope
,
or
other
device
so
that
the
image
becomes
clear
•
Please
focus
the
camera
before
you
take
the
picture
.
Please
focus
the
camera
before
you
take
the
picture
.
•
The
scientist
carefully
focused
the
microscope
to
see
the
cells
clearly
.
The
scientist
carefully
focused
the
microscope
to
see
the
cells
clearly
.
verb
-
focus
,
focusing
,
focuses
,
focused
to
adjust
a
camera
,
microscope
,
or
other
device
so
that
the
picture
becomes
clear
•
She
turned
the
ring
to
focus
the
camera
on
the
distant
mountains
.
She
turned
the
ring
to
focus
the
camera
on
the
distant
mountains
.
•
The
biologist
had
to
focus
the
microscope
before
the
cells
looked
sharp
.
The
biologist
had
to
focus
the
microscope
before
the
cells
looked
sharp
.
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
(
physics
)
the
exact
point
where
rays
of
light
,
heat
,
or
sound
meet
after
being
bent
or
reflected
•
A
magnifying
glass
brings
sunlight
to
a
single
focus
,
making
paper
smoke
.
A
magnifying
glass
brings
sunlight
to
a
single
focus
,
making
paper
smoke
.
•
In
a
satellite
dish
,
waves
bounce
toward
the
receiver
at
the
focus
.
In
a
satellite
dish
,
waves
bounce
toward
the
receiver
at
the
focus
.
noun
-
focus
,
focuses
(
geology
)
the
place
beneath
Earth
’
s
surface
where
an
earthquake
starts
•
Scientists
located
the
earthquake
’
s
focus
ten
kilometers
below
the
city
.
Scientists
located
the
earthquake
’
s
focus
ten
kilometers
below
the
city
.
•
The
depth
of
the
focus
affects
how
strongly
people
feel
the
shaking
.
The
depth
of
the
focus
affects
how
strongly
people
feel
the
shaking
.
user
noun
someone
who
makes
use
of
a
product
,
service
,
place
,
or
piece
of
equipment
•
At
the
community
library
,
each
user
can
borrow
up
to
five
books
at
a
time
.
At
the
community
library
,
each
user
can
borrow
up
to
five
books
at
a
time
.
•
The
city
upgraded
the
buses
after
many
users
complained
about
the
old
seats
.
The
city
upgraded
the
buses
after
many
users
complained
about
the
old
seats
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
use
”
+
“
-er
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
to
describe
a
person
who
makes
use
of
something
.
noun
a
person
who
operates
or
interacts
with
a
computer
,
website
,
or
other
digital
system
•
Every
new
user
must
create
a
secure
password
before
accessing
the
website
.
Every
new
user
must
create
a
secure
password
before
accessing
the
website
.
•
The
app
shows
a
tutorial
the
first
time
a
user
opens
it
.
The
app
shows
a
tutorial
the
first
time
a
user
opens
it
.
Adopted
in
the
1960s
with
the
rise
of
computing
to
label
the
human
operator
of
a
machine
or
system
.
noun
someone
who
regularly
takes
illegal
or
harmful
drugs
•
The
clinic
offers
counseling
to
help
each
user
break
free
from
addiction
.
The
clinic
offers
counseling
to
help
each
user
break
free
from
addiction
.
•
Authorities
reported
a
rise
in
overdose
cases
among
young
users
.
Authorities
reported
a
rise
in
overdose
cases
among
young
users
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
“
person
who
uses
something
”
in
the
early
20th
century
as
illicit
drug
use
became
a
social
issue
.
noun
informal
:
a
person
who
exploits
or
takes
advantage
of
others
for
selfish
gain
•
Don't
lend
him
money
;
he's
a
user
who
never
pays
people
back
.
Don't
lend
him
money
;
he's
a
user
who
never
pays
people
back
.
•
Marie
realized
her
new
friend
was
just
a
user
looking
for
free
rides
.
Marie
realized
her
new
friend
was
just
a
user
looking
for
free
rides
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
the
literal
sense
of
someone
who
uses
objects
,
applied
to
people
who
‘
use
’
others
,
recorded
from
the
mid-20th
century
.
museum
noun
a
building
or
room
where
valuable
or
interesting
objects
of
art
,
history
,
science
,
or
culture
are
collected
and
shown
to
the
public
•
Our
class
visited
the
city
museum
to
see
the
dinosaur
skeletons
.
Our
class
visited
the
city
museum
to
see
the
dinosaur
skeletons
.
•
The
small
town
opened
a
new
maritime
museum
beside
the
harbor
.
The
small
town
opened
a
new
maritime
museum
beside
the
harbor
.
Late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
‘
museum
’,
originally
meaning
“
library
or
study
,”
from
Greek
‘
Mouseion
’ ‘
seat
of
the
Muses
,
place
of
study
’.
status
noun
-
status
,
statuses
the
level
of
respect
,
importance
,
or
influence
that
a
person
or
thing
has
compared
with
others
•
After
the
promotion
,
Maria's
status
in
the
company
rose
dramatically
.
After
the
promotion
,
Maria's
status
in
the
company
rose
dramatically
.
•
Owning
a
luxury
car
is
often
viewed
as
a
sign
of
high
status
.
Owning
a
luxury
car
is
often
viewed
as
a
sign
of
high
status
.
noun
-
status
,
statuses
the
current
condition
or
situation
that
someone
or
something
is
in
at
a
particular
time
•
The
airport
screen
shows
the
status
of
each
flight
every
five
minutes
.
The
airport
screen
shows
the
status
of
each
flight
every
five
minutes
.
•
She
checked
the
patient's
status
before
giving
the
medicine
.
She
checked
the
patient's
status
before
giving
the
medicine
.
refuse
verb
-
refuse
,
refusing
,
refuses
,
refused
to
say
that
you
will
not
do
,
accept
,
or
agree
to
something
that
someone
asks
or
expects
•
Sarah
politely
refused
the
offer
of
coffee
because
she
was
in
a
hurry
.
Sarah
politely
refused
the
offer
of
coffee
because
she
was
in
a
hurry
.
•
The
dog
stubbornly
refused
to
move
from
the
doorway
,
blocking
everyone
trying
to
leave
.
The
dog
stubbornly
refused
to
move
from
the
doorway
,
blocking
everyone
trying
to
leave
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
refuser
,
based
on
Latin
refundere
‘
pour
back
,
refuse
’.
noun
-
refuse
things
that
people
throw
away
because
they
are
no
longer
useful
or
wanted
;
waste
or
garbage
•
The
street
was
full
of
refuse
after
the
festival
ended
.
The
street
was
full
of
refuse
after
the
festival
ended
.
•
Workers
collected
the
city
’
s
refuse
before
sunrise
.
Workers
collected
the
city
’
s
refuse
before
sunrise
.
Early
15th
century
,
from
Old
French
refus
‘
things
rejected
’.
bus
noun
-
bus
,
buses
a
large
road
vehicle
that
carries
many
passengers
along
a
fixed
route
for
a
fare
•
Every
morning
,
I
wait
at
the
stop
to
catch
the
bus
to
school
.
Every
morning
,
I
wait
at
the
stop
to
catch
the
bus
to
school
.
•
The
city
added
new
electric
buses
to
reduce
pollution
.
The
city
added
new
electric
buses
to
reduce
pollution
.
Shortened
form
of
omnibus
,
first
used
in
the
early
19th
century
for
horse-drawn
passenger
vehicles
,
later
applied
to
motor
vehicles
.
verb
-
bus
,
busing
,
buses
,
bused
to
take
or
carry
people
somewhere
by
bus
•
They
bus
tourists
from
the
airport
to
the
resort
every
hour
.
They
bus
tourists
from
the
airport
to
the
resort
every
hour
.
•
After
the
concert
,
we
were
bused
back
to
the
parking
lot
.
After
the
concert
,
we
were
bused
back
to
the
parking
lot
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
early
20th
century
as
a
back-formation
from
the
noun
.
verb
-
bus
,
busing
,
buses
,
bused
to
remove
dirty
dishes
and
other
items
from
restaurant
tables
•
The
waiter
hurried
to
bus
the
table
for
the
next
customers
.
The
waiter
hurried
to
bus
the
table
for
the
next
customers
.
•
She
started
the
evening
shift
busing
dishes
in
the
busy
diner
.
She
started
the
evening
shift
busing
dishes
in
the
busy
diner
.
Originated
in
U
.
S
.
restaurant
slang
in
the
1930s
,
possibly
shortened
from
“
omnibus
boy
,”
the
worker
who
cleared
dishes
for
everyone
.
noun
-
bus
,
buses
a
set
of
wires
,
pathways
,
or
channels
that
carry
data
,
signals
,
or
power
between
parts
of
a
computer
or
electronic
system
•
The
CPU
sends
instructions
to
memory
through
the
data
bus
.
The
CPU
sends
instructions
to
memory
through
the
data
bus
.
•
A
wider
bus
can
transfer
more
bits
per
cycle
.
A
wider
bus
can
transfer
more
bits
per
cycle
.
Adopted
in
electronics
in
the
1950s
by
analogy
with
a
passenger
bus
carrying
many
riders
along
a
common
route
.
excuse
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
used
politely
to
get
someone
’
s
attention
,
to
pass
by
,
or
to
say
you
are
sorry
for
a
small
interruption
•
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
Excuse
me
,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
station
is
?
•
He
whispered
“
excuse
me
”
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
He
whispered
“
excuse
me
”
before
leaving
the
crowded
theater
row
.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
forgive
someone
for
a
small
mistake
or
bad
thing
they
did
so
they
are
not
blamed
or
punished
•
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
Please
excuse
my
messy
handwriting
;
I
broke
my
arm
last
month
.
•
The
referee
excused
the
player
’
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
The
referee
excused
the
player
’
s
delay
because
of
the
heavy
rain
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
excusier
’,
from
Latin
‘
excusare
’
meaning
‘
to
free
from
blame
’.
verb
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
to
give
someone
permission
to
leave
or
not
take
part
in
something
•
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
The
nurse
excused
the
patient
from
gym
class
for
a
week
.
•
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
The
judge
excused
the
elderly
woman
from
jury
duty
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
a
reason
,
often
not
a
good
one
,
that
you
give
to
explain
why
you
did
something
wrong
or
couldn
’
t
do
something
•
Jack
’
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
Jack
’
s
favorite
excuse
for
being
late
is
that
the
bus
broke
down
.
•
That
’
s
just
an
excuse
—
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
That
’
s
just
an
excuse
—
you
could
have
finished
the
project
on
time
.
noun
-
excuse
,
excusing
,
excuses
,
excused
something
that
is
a
very
poor
or
weak
example
of
its
kind
•
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
That
soggy
sandwich
is
an
excuse
for
lunch
.
•
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
The
movie
was
a
poor
excuse
for
a
comedy
;
nobody
laughed
.
abuse
noun
-
abuse
the
wrong
or
harmful
use
of
something
such
as
power
,
drugs
,
or
resources
•
The
committee
investigated
the
abuse
of
public
funds
.
The
committee
investigated
the
abuse
of
public
funds
.
•
Long-term
drug
abuse
can
damage
the
liver
.
Long-term
drug
abuse
can
damage
the
liver
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
use
something
in
a
way
that
is
wrong
,
harmful
,
or
not
intended
•
He
abused
his
position
to
gain
extra
money
.
He
abused
his
position
to
gain
extra
money
.
•
Some
athletes
abuse
performance-enhancing
drugs
.
Some
athletes
abuse
performance-enhancing
drugs
.
noun
-
abuse
cruel
,
violent
,
or
harmful
treatment
of
a
person
or
animal
•
The
charity
supports
children
who
have
suffered
abuse
.
The
charity
supports
children
who
have
suffered
abuse
.
•
Years
of
emotional
abuse
left
him
feeling
worthless
.
Years
of
emotional
abuse
left
him
feeling
worthless
.
From
Old
French
abuser
,
from
Latin
abūsus
,
past
participle
of
abūtī
meaning
“
to
use
up
,
misuse
”.
noun
-
abuse
rude
or
insulting
language
•
The
angry
driver
shouted
abuse
at
the
cyclist
.
The
angry
driver
shouted
abuse
at
the
cyclist
.
•
Online
abuse
can
make
people
feel
unsafe
.
Online
abuse
can
make
people
feel
unsafe
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
of
“
abuse
”;
specialized
to
refer
to
harsh
words
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
treat
a
person
or
animal
in
a
cruel
,
violent
,
or
unfair
way
•
The
coach
was
fired
for
abusing
young
athletes
.
The
coach
was
fired
for
abusing
young
athletes
.
•
She
cannot
forgive
her
neighbor
for
abusing
his
dog
.
She
cannot
forgive
her
neighbor
for
abusing
his
dog
.
verb
-
abuse
,
abusing
,
abuses
,
abused
to
speak
to
someone
using
rude
or
insulting
language
•
The
crowd
abused
the
umpire
after
the
bad
call
.
The
crowd
abused
the
umpire
after
the
bad
call
.
•
She
felt
hurt
when
her
classmates
abused
her
online
.
She
felt
hurt
when
her
classmates
abused
her
online
.
useful
adjective
able
to
help
you
do
something
or
to
achieve
what
you
need
•
This
online
map
was
extremely
useful
when
we
got
lost
in
the
city
.
This
online
map
was
extremely
useful
when
we
got
lost
in
the
city
.
•
A
notebook
can
be
useful
for
writing
down
ideas
before
you
forget
them
.
A
notebook
can
be
useful
for
writing
down
ideas
before
you
forget
them
.
From
use
+
-ful
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adjective
(
of
a
person
)
able
and
willing
to
do
practical
tasks
well
;
handy
•
Grandpa
is
very
useful
around
the
house
and
can
fix
almost
anything
.
Grandpa
is
very
useful
around
the
house
and
can
fix
almost
anything
.
•
The
scout
leader
taught
us
how
to
be
useful
in
an
emergency
.
The
scout
leader
taught
us
how
to
be
useful
in
an
emergency
.
adjective
(
informal
)
fairly
large
,
impressive
,
or
good
in
amount
,
size
,
or
quality
•
The
cricket
team
made
a
useful
250
runs
before
lunch
.
The
cricket
team
made
a
useful
250
runs
before
lunch
.
•
She
has
saved
a
useful
amount
of
money
for
her
trip
.
She
has
saved
a
useful
amount
of
money
for
her
trip
.
used
adjective
not
new
;
owned
or
worn
by
someone
before
•
John
bought
a
used
car
to
save
money
.
John
bought
a
used
car
to
save
money
.
•
We
donate
our
used
clothes
to
charity
every
spring
.
We
donate
our
used
clothes
to
charity
every
spring
.
verb
-
use
,
using
,
uses
,
used
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
"
use
":
employed
something
for
a
purpose
•
We
used
the
map
to
find
the
hiking
trail
.
We
used
the
map
to
find
the
hiking
trail
.
•
She
used
her
creativity
to
decorate
the
room
.
She
used
her
creativity
to
decorate
the
room
.
adjective
familiar
with
something
so
that
it
is
no
longer
strange
or
difficult
,
usually
followed
by
“
to
”
•
I
am
used
to
getting
up
early
for
work
.
I
am
used
to
getting
up
early
for
work
.
•
She
wasn
’
t
used
to
the
spicy
food
at
first
.
She
wasn
’
t
used
to
the
spicy
food
at
first
.
used to
verb
a
verb
phrase
showing
that
something
happened
regularly
or
was
true
in
the
past
but
no
longer
happens
or
is
true
•
I
used
to
play
soccer
every
weekend
when
I
was
a
kid
.
I
used to
play
soccer
every
weekend
when
I
was
a
kid
.
•
There
used
to
be
a
movie
theater
on
this
street
.
There
used to
be
a
movie
theater
on
this
street
.
plus
noun
-
plus
,
pluses
the
symbol
"
+
"
showing
addition
or
a
positive
number
•
Write
a
plus
between
the
numbers
.
Write
a
plus
between
the
numbers
.
•
The
calculator's
plus
button
is
worn
out
.
The
calculator's
plus
button
is
worn
out
.
noun
-
plus
,
pluses
a
good
or
helpful
quality
;
an
advantage
•
Living
near
school
is
a
big
plus
.
Living
near
school
is
a
big
plus
.
•
One
plus
of
this
phone
is
its
long
battery
life
.
One
plus
of
this
phone
is
its
long
battery
life
.
accuse
verb
-
accuse
,
accusing
,
accuses
,
accused
to
say
that
someone
has
done
something
bad
or
wrong
•
Without
any
evidence
,
the
reporter
accused
the
mayor
of
corruption
.
Without
any
evidence
,
the
reporter
accused
the
mayor
of
corruption
.
•
"
Don't
accuse
me
of
breaking
the
vase
;
I
wasn't
even
home
!"
she
shouted
.
"
Don't
accuse
me
of
breaking
the
vase
;
I
wasn't
even
home
!"
she
shouted
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
accusare
‘
call
to
account
’,
from
ad-
‘
towards
’
+
causa
‘
reason
,
motive
,
lawsuit
’.
verb
-
accuse
,
accusing
,
accuses
,
accused
to
charge
someone
officially
with
a
crime
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
police
officially
accused
the
man
of
robbery
after
reviewing
the
footage
.
The
police
officially
accused
the
man
of
robbery
after
reviewing
the
footage
.
•
In
court
,
the
prosecutor
accused
the
company
of
fraud
.
In
court
,
the
prosecutor
accused
the
company
of
fraud
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
accusare
‘
call
to
account
’,
used
in
Roman
legal
proceedings
.
campus
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
that
belong
to
a
college
,
university
,
or
similar
school
•
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
Freshmen
explored
the
campus
during
orientation
week
.
•
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
There
is
a
quiet
lake
on
the
north
side
of
the
campus
.
Late
18th-century
American
English
,
from
Latin
campus
meaning
“
field
,
plain
.”
noun
-
campus
,
campuses
the
land
and
buildings
where
a
company
,
research
center
,
or
other
large
organization
is
located
in
one
area
•
The
tech
giant
’
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
The
tech
giant
’
s
new
campus
features
glass
offices
and
rooftop
gardens
.
•
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Employees
ride
bicycles
around
the
sprawling
campus
.
Extension
of
the
earlier
academic
sense
to
commercial
properties
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
household
noun
all
the
people
who
live
together
in
the
same
home
,
thought
of
as
one
unit
•
There
are
six
people
in
my
household
,
so
we
use
a
lot
of
electricity
.
There
are
six
people
in
my
household
,
so
we
use
a
lot
of
electricity
.
•
Each
household
on
the
street
received
a
survey
about
recycling
.
Each
household
on
the
street
received
a
survey
about
recycling
.
Old
English
hūs
“
house
”
+
hāld
“
keeper
,
inhabitant
,”
later
shifting
to
mean
the
people
living
in
a
house
.
adjective
used
in
homes
or
connected
with
the
daily
life
of
people
who
live
together
•
We
buy
most
of
our
household
cleaning
products
at
the
local
market
.
We
buy
most
of
our
household
cleaning
products
at
the
local
market
.
•
Sorting
household
waste
into
different
bins
helps
the
environment
.
Sorting
household
waste
into
different
bins
helps
the
environment
.
Extended
from
the
noun
sense
in
late
Middle
English
to
modify
items
or
activities
associated
with
the
home
.
virus
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
a
very
small
infectious
agent
that
can
only
reproduce
inside
the
cells
of
living
organisms
,
often
causing
disease
•
The
doctor
explained
that
the
virus
spreads
through
tiny
droplets
in
the
air
.
The
doctor
explained
that
the
virus
spreads
through
tiny
droplets
in
the
air
.
•
Scientists
are
racing
to
develop
a
vaccine
that
can
stop
the
deadly
virus
.
Scientists
are
racing
to
develop
a
vaccine
that
can
stop
the
deadly
virus
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
14th
century
from
Latin
“
vīrus
”,
meaning
“
poison
,
slime
”.
In
the
late
19th
century
scientists
adopted
the
term
for
infectious
agents
smaller
than
bacteria
.
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
a
malicious
computer
program
that
copies
itself
and
can
damage
or
disrupt
a
computer
or
network
•
The
technician
removed
a
dangerous
virus
from
all
the
office
computers
.
The
technician
removed
a
dangerous
virus
from
all
the
office
computers
.
•
Opening
strange
email
attachments
can
let
a
virus
infect
your
laptop
.
Opening
strange
email
attachments
can
let
a
virus
infect
your
laptop
.
First
used
for
malicious
code
in
the
1970s–80s
by
analogy
with
biological
viruses
that
replicate
and
spread
.
noun
-
virus
,
viruses
something
harmful
,
such
as
an
idea
or
emotion
,
that
spreads
quickly
from
person
to
person
•
Fear
spread
through
the
city
like
a
virus
.
Fear
spread
through
the
city
like
a
virus
.
•
Some
activists
hope
kindness
can
become
a
positive
virus
that
changes
communities
.
Some
activists
hope
kindness
can
become
a
positive
virus
that
changes
communities
.
This
figurative
use
arose
by
extension
from
the
biological
meaning
,
comparing
the
rapid
spread
of
ideas
or
emotions
to
the
way
diseases
move
through
populations
.
mouse
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
a
small
rodent
with
a
pointed
nose
,
large
round
ears
,
and
a
long
thin
tail
•
A
tiny
mouse
darted
across
the
kitchen
floor
and
disappeared
behind
the
fridge
.
A
tiny
mouse
darted
across
the
kitchen
floor
and
disappeared
behind
the
fridge
.
•
The
cat
sat
patiently
,
waiting
for
the
mouse
to
come
out
of
its
hole
in
the
wall
.
The
cat
sat
patiently
,
waiting
for
the
mouse
to
come
out
of
its
hole
in
the
wall
.
Old
English
“
mūs
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*mūs
;
related
to
Sanskrit
“
mūṣ
”
meaning
“
mouse
”
or
“
thief
”.
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
a
hand-held
device
used
to
move
the
pointer
and
select
items
on
a
computer
screen
•
She
clicked
the
left
button
on
the
mouse
to
open
the
file
.
She
clicked
the
left
button
on
the
mouse
to
open
the
file
.
•
The
wireless
mouse
stopped
working
when
its
battery
died
.
The
wireless
mouse
stopped
working
when
its
battery
died
.
Adopted
in
the
1960s
because
the
first
pointing
device
’
s
cord
resembled
a
tail
.
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
a
person
who
is
very
quiet
,
shy
,
and
does
not
attract
attention
•
Although
she
is
brilliant
,
Maria
is
a
mouse
in
meetings
and
rarely
speaks
up
.
Although
she
is
brilliant
,
Maria
is
a
mouse
in
meetings
and
rarely
speaks
up
.
•
Don
’
t
be
a
mouse
—
tell
the
class
about
your
idea
!
Don
’
t
be
a
mouse
—
tell
the
class
about
your
idea
!
Figurative
use
comparing
a
timid
person
to
the
small
,
easily
frightened
animal
.
noun
-
mouse
,
mice
(
informal
)
a
dark
swelling
or
bruise
around
the
eye
caused
by
a
blow
•
After
slipping
on
the
ice
,
he
turned
up
at
school
with
a
nasty
mouse
under
his
left
eye
.
After
slipping
on
the
ice
,
he
turned
up
at
school
with
a
nasty
mouse
under
his
left
eye
.
•
She
covered
the
mouse
with
concealer
before
the
family
photo
.
She
covered
the
mouse
with
concealer
before
the
family
photo
.
19th-century
British
slang
,
probably
likening
the
dark
puffiness
to
the
color
and
rounded
shape
of
a
mouse
.
verb
-
mouse
,
mousing
,
mouses
,
moused
(
computing
)
to
move
a
cursor
or
select
items
on
a
computer
screen
using
a
mouse
device
•
If
you
mouse
to
the
corner
of
the
screen
,
a
menu
will
appear
.
If
you
mouse
to
the
corner
of
the
screen
,
a
menu
will
appear
.
•
She
moused
over
the
image
to
reveal
the
caption
.
She
moused
over
the
image
to
reveal
the
caption
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
the
pointing
device
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
1980s
.
pause
noun
a
short
stop
or
break
in
speech
,
action
,
or
movement
•
After
a
long
speech
,
the
speaker
took
a
brief
pause
to
drink
water
.
After
a
long
speech
,
the
speaker
took
a
brief
pause
to
drink
water
.
•
There
was
an
awkward
pause
when
no
one
knew
what
to
say
.
There
was
an
awkward
pause
when
no
one
knew
what
to
say
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
pausa
‘
halt
,
stop
.’
verb
-
pause
,
pausing
,
pauses
,
paused
to
stop
an
action
or
speech
for
a
short
time
before
continuing
•
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
She
paused
the
movie
to
answer
the
phone
.
•
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
He
paused
before
opening
the
mysterious
letter
.
From
the
noun
pause
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
16th
century
.
confuse
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
make
a
person
unable
to
think
clearly
or
understand
something
•
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
•
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
From
Latin
‘
confūsus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
confundere
’
meaning
‘
to
pour
together
,
mingle
,
confuse
’.
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
mistake
one
person
or
thing
for
another
;
mix
up
in
your
mind
•
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
•
Some
students
confuse
‘
affect
’
and
‘
effect
’
in
their
essays
.
Some
students
confuse
‘
affect
’
and
‘
effect
’
in
their
essays
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
Latin
‘
confundere
’, ‘
to
pour
together
’.
genius
noun
-
genius
,
geniuses
a
person
with
very
great
intelligence
or
creative
ability
•
Albert
Einstein
is
widely
regarded
as
a
genius
in
physics
.
Albert
Einstein
is
widely
regarded
as
a
genius
in
physics
.
•
Everyone
agreed
that
the
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
real
genius
.
Everyone
agreed
that
the
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
real
genius
.
from
Latin
genius
“
guardian
spirit
,
innate
ability
”,
later
“
extraordinary
talent
”
noun
-
genius
,
geniuses
exceptional
natural
ability
or
creative
power
•
His
genius
for
storytelling
kept
the
children
captivated
.
His
genius
for
storytelling
kept
the
children
captivated
.
•
The
architect
showed
her
genius
in
the
building
’
s
elegant
curves
.
The
architect
showed
her
genius
in
the
building
’
s
elegant
curves
.
noun
-
genius
,
geniuses
the
distinctive
spirit
,
mood
,
or
character
of
a
place
,
time
,
or
institution
•
The
café
captured
the
creative
genius
of
1920s
Paris
.
The
café
captured
the
creative
genius
of
1920s
Paris
.
•
The
park
’
s
design
preserves
the
natural
genius
of
the
landscape
.
The
park
’
s
design
preserves
the
natural
genius
of
the
landscape
.
consensus
noun
-
consensus
,
consensuses
general
agreement
among
most
or
all
people
in
a
group
about
something
•
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
committee
finally
reached
a
consensus
on
the
budget
.
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
committee
finally
reached
a
consensus
on
the
budget
.
•
There
is
a
broad
scientific
consensus
that
climate
change
is
real
.
There
is
a
broad
scientific
consensus
that
climate
change
is
real
.
Mid-19th
century
Latin
,
from
concilium
‘
agreement
’
via
consensus
‘
agreement
,
accord
’.