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app
noun
a
software
program
that
you
install
and
run
on
a
smartphone
,
tablet
,
or
computer
to
perform
a
specific
task
•
Melanie
downloaded
a
fitness
app
to
track
her
workouts
.
Melanie
downloaded
a
fitness
app
to
track
her
workouts
.
•
The
bank
’
s
new
mobile
app
lets
customers
deposit
checks
with
a
photo
.
The
bank
’
s
new
mobile
app
lets
customers
deposit
checks
with
a
photo
.
noun
an
appetizer
;
a
small
dish
served
before
the
main
meal
•
We
ordered
a
plate
of
spicy
wings
as
an
app
before
the
main
course
.
We
ordered
a
plate
of
spicy
wings
as
an
app
before
the
main
course
.
•
Do
you
want
to
split
some
apps
while
we
wait
for
our
burgers
?
Do
you
want
to
split
some
apps
while
we
wait
for
our
burgers
?
appear
verb
to
come
into
sight
after
not
being
seen
•
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
•
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
From
Latin
apparēre
meaning
“
to
become
visible
,
to
be
evident
.”
verb
to
seem
or
give
the
impression
of
being
something
•
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
•
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
Latin
apparēre
.
verb
to
be
printed
,
shown
,
or
become
available
to
read
or
use
•
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
•
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
Use
developed
with
the
rise
of
print
media
and
later
digital
displays
.
verb
to
take
part
in
a
public
performance
or
to
be
present
officially
•
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
•
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
Sense
extended
in
Middle
English
to
public
performances
and
legal
presence
.
apply
verb
-
apply
,
applying
,
applies
,
applied
to
make
a
formal
request
in
order
to
get
something
such
as
a
job
,
place
,
or
permission
•
Maria
decided
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
before
the
deadline
.
Maria
decided
to
apply
for
the
scholarship
before
the
deadline
.
•
He
filled
out
the
online
form
to
apply
for
a
travel
visa
.
He
filled
out
the
online
form
to
apply
for
a
travel
visa
.
From
Latin
applicāre
“
to
attach
to
,
devote
”,
later
meaning
“
to
put
to
use
”.
verb
-
apply
,
applying
,
applies
,
applied
to
put
a
substance
onto
a
surface
,
skin
,
or
object
•
Gently
apply
the
cream
to
the
affected
area
twice
a
day
.
Gently
apply
the
cream
to
the
affected
area
twice
a
day
.
•
She
applied
two
coats
of
paint
to
give
the
wall
a
smooth
finish
.
She
applied
two
coats
of
paint
to
give
the
wall
a
smooth
finish
.
verb
-
apply
,
applying
,
applies
,
applied
to
be
relevant
or
have
an
effect
in
a
particular
situation
•
The
same
rule
applies
to
everyone
,
no
matter
their
position
.
The
same
rule
applies
to
everyone
,
no
matter
their
position
.
•
Discounts
apply
only
to
items
marked
with
the
red
sticker
.
Discounts
apply
only
to
items
marked
with
the
red
sticker
.
verb
-
apply
,
applying
,
applies
,
applied
to
use
knowledge
,
skill
,
or
method
for
a
particular
purpose
•
Engineers
apply
mathematics
to
solve
real-world
problems
.
Engineers
apply
mathematics
to
solve
real-world
problems
.
•
You
should
apply
what
you
learned
in
class
to
the
project
.
You
should
apply
what
you
learned
in
class
to
the
project
.
verb
-
apply
,
applying
,
applies
,
applied
to
give
all
your
attention
and
effort
to
a
task
(
usually
used
with
a
reflexive
pronoun
)
•
If
you
really
apply
yourself
,
you
can
pass
the
exam
.
If
you
really
apply
yourself
,
you
can
pass
the
exam
.
•
She
applied
herself
to
learning
French
and
became
fluent
in
a
year
.
She
applied
herself
to
learning
French
and
became
fluent
in
a
year
.
approach
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
the
action
of
coming
nearer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
sudden
approach
of
a
car
made
the
cat
run
away
.
The
sudden
approach
of
a
car
made
the
cat
run
away
.
•
Everyone
felt
excited
at
the
approach
of
summer
vacation
.
Everyone
felt
excited
at
the
approach
of
summer
vacation
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
move
closer
to
someone
or
something
•
The
train
approaches
the
station
slowly
.
The
train
approaches
the
station
slowly
.
•
Don't
be
afraid
when
the
dog
approaches
you
;
it's
friendly
.
Don't
be
afraid
when
the
dog
approaches
you
;
it's
friendly
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
come
nearer
in
time
•
As
midnight
approached
,
the
party
grew
quieter
.
As
midnight
approached
,
the
party
grew
quieter
.
•
Exams
are
approaching
,
so
I
need
to
study
.
Exams
are
approaching
,
so
I
need
to
study
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
move
closer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
train
approached
the
station
slowly
.
The
train
approached
the
station
slowly
.
•
Winter
is
approaching
,
so
the
days
are
getting
shorter
.
Winter
is
approaching
,
so
the
days
are
getting
shorter
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
a
way
of
dealing
with
a
problem
or
thinking
about
something
•
The
team
decided
on
a
new
approach
to
solve
the
puzzle
.
The
team
decided
on
a
new
approach
to
solve
the
puzzle
.
•
Her
gentle
approach
helped
the
child
calm
down
.
Her
gentle
approach
helped
the
child
calm
down
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
the
road
,
path
,
or
way
that
leads
to
a
place
•
A
narrow
approach
led
up
to
the
old
lighthouse
.
A
narrow
approach
led
up
to
the
old
lighthouse
.
•
The
castle's
approach
was
lined
with
tall
trees
.
The
castle's
approach
was
lined
with
tall
trees
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
speak
to
someone
about
something
for
the
first
time
•
I
approached
my
teacher
for
extra
help
.
I
approached
my
teacher
for
extra
help
.
•
She
plans
to
approach
her
boss
about
a
raise
.
She
plans
to
approach
her
boss
about
a
raise
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
go
to
someone
and
speak
to
them
,
usually
to
ask
or
offer
something
•
She
decided
to
approach
her
teacher
for
extra
help
after
class
.
She
decided
to
approach
her
teacher
for
extra
help
after
class
.
•
A
stranger
approached
me
on
the
street
to
ask
for
directions
.
A
stranger
approached
me
on
the
street
to
ask
for
directions
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
the
act
of
coming
nearer
in
distance
or
time
•
The
approach
of
dawn
painted
the
sky
pink
.
The
approach
of
dawn
painted
the
sky
pink
.
•
His
quick
approach
surprised
the
goalkeeper
.
His
quick
approach
surprised
the
goalkeeper
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
a
path
or
road
that
leads
to
a
place
•
A
narrow
bridge
forms
the
only
approach
to
the
island
.
A
narrow
bridge
forms
the
only
approach
to
the
island
.
•
Tall
trees
lined
the
approach
to
the
castle
.
Tall
trees
lined
the
approach
to
the
castle
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
an
attempt
to
speak
to
someone
or
ask
them
for
something
•
He
made
an
approach
to
the
manager
about
a
job
.
He
made
an
approach
to
the
manager
about
a
job
.
•
Her
first
approach
was
polite
but
firm
.
Her
first
approach
was
polite
but
firm
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaching
,
approaches
,
approached
to
begin
to
deal
with
a
task
or
problem
in
a
particular
way
•
How
will
you
approach
this
complex
math
problem
?
How
will
you
approach
this
complex
math
problem
?
•
We
need
to
approach
the
project
step
by
step
.
We
need
to
approach
the
project
step
by
step
.
verb
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
to
begin
to
deal
with
a
task
,
problem
,
or
situation
in
a
particular
way
•
We
need
to
approach
this
problem
from
a
different
angle
.
We
need
to
approach
this
problem
from
a
different
angle
.
•
The
scientist
carefully
approached
the
experiment
to
avoid
contamination
.
The
scientist
carefully
approached
the
experiment
to
avoid
contamination
.
noun
-
approach
,
approaches
,
approaching
,
approached
a
way
or
method
of
dealing
with
something
•
Her
teaching
approach
keeps
students
engaged
.
Her
teaching
approach
keeps
students
engaged
.
•
We
need
a
new
approach
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
We
need
a
new
approach
to
reduce
plastic
waste
.
appreciate
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
feel
or
show
that
you
are
grateful
for
something
someone
has
done
or
given
•
I
really
appreciate
your
help
with
the
project
.
I
really
appreciate
your
help
with
the
project
.
•
We
would
appreciate
it
if
you
arrived
on
time
tomorrow
.
We
would
appreciate
it
if
you
arrived
on
time
tomorrow
.
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
recognize
and
enjoy
the
good
qualities
or
true
value
of
someone
or
something
•
The
tourists
paused
to
appreciate
the
sunset
glowing
over
the
snow-capped
mountains
.
The
tourists
paused
to
appreciate
the
sunset
glowing
over
the
snow-capped
mountains
.
•
Maria
can
really
appreciate
a
good
cup
of
coffee
after
her
night
shift
at
the
hospital
.
Maria
can
really
appreciate
a
good
cup
of
coffee
after
her
night
shift
at
the
hospital
.
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
understand
fully
the
importance
,
difficulty
,
or
seriousness
of
something
•
The
manager
appreciates
how
challenging
the
task
is
for
new
employees
.
The
manager
appreciates
how
challenging
the
task
is
for
new
employees
.
•
You
must
appreciate
that
this
rule
exists
for
everyone
’
s
safety
.
You
must
appreciate
that
this
rule
exists
for
everyone
’
s
safety
.
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
increase
in
monetary
value
over
time
•
Over
the
years
,
the
old
house
has
appreciated
in
value
.
Over
the
years
,
the
old
house
has
appreciated
in
value
.
•
Investors
hope
that
the
company
’
s
shares
will
appreciate
after
the
merger
.
Investors
hope
that
the
company
’
s
shares
will
appreciate
after
the
merger
.
application
noun
a
formal
request
for
something
,
usually
in
writing
or
on
an
official
form
•
Maria
filled
out
the
job
application
and
handed
it
to
the
receptionist
.
Maria
filled
out
the
job
application
and
handed
it
to
the
receptionist
.
•
Your
university
application
must
be
submitted
by
January
15
.
Your
university
application
must
be
submitted
by
January
15
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
applicatio
(
n-
),
from
the
verb
applicare
‘
attach
,
devote
’.
noun
a
computer
program
designed
to
perform
a
specific
task
,
especially
on
phones
,
tablets
,
and
personal
computers
•
I
downloaded
a
language-learning
application
to
practice
Spanish
.
I
downloaded
a
language-learning
application
to
practice
Spanish
.
•
The
banking
application
crashed
during
the
update
.
The
banking
application
crashed
during
the
update
.
noun
the
practical
use
of
an
idea
,
method
,
or
thing
in
real
situations
•
The
scientist
explained
the
application
of
the
new
theory
to
everyday
life
.
The
scientist
explained
the
application
of
the
new
theory
to
everyday
life
.
•
Solar
panels
have
a
wide
application
in
remote
villages
.
Solar
panels
have
a
wide
application
in
remote
villages
.
noun
the
act
of
putting
something
,
such
as
paint
,
cream
,
or
glue
,
onto
a
surface
•
The
application
of
sunscreen
should
be
repeated
every
two
hours
.
The
application
of
sunscreen
should
be
repeated
every
two
hours
.
•
The
painter
’
s
smooth
application
of
color
created
a
glass-like
finish
.
The
painter
’
s
smooth
application
of
color
created
a
glass-like
finish
.
noun
continuous
hard
effort
and
attention
in
order
to
achieve
something
•
With
steady
application
,
he
mastered
the
piano
piece
.
With
steady
application
,
he
mastered
the
piano
piece
.
•
Success
in
this
course
requires
hard
work
and
constant
application
.
Success
in
this
course
requires
hard
work
and
constant
application
.
apple
noun
A
round
,
usually
red
,
green
,
or
yellow
fruit
with
crisp
flesh
and
a
thin
skin
,
eaten
raw
or
cooked
in
many
dishes
.
•
Lena
put
a
shiny
red
apple
in
her
lunchbox
.
Lena
put
a
shiny
red
apple
in
her
lunchbox
.
•
After
school
,
Jacob
and
his
friends
shared
sliced
apples
with
peanut
butter
.
After
school
,
Jacob
and
his
friends
shared
sliced
apples
with
peanut
butter
.
Old
English
æppel
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
appel
and
German
Apfel
.
noun
An
apple
tree
—
the
tree
that
bears
apples
.
•
They
planted
a
young
apple
in
the
orchard
last
spring
.
They
planted
a
young
apple
in
the
orchard
last
spring
.
•
The
oldest
apple
in
the
garden
was
covered
with
pink
blossoms
.
The
oldest
apple
in
the
garden
was
covered
with
pink
blossoms
.
By
extension
from
the
fruit
name
;
recorded
use
referring
to
the
tree
dates
back
to
Middle
English
.
apparently
adverb
Used
to
say
that
you
have
heard
,
read
,
or
noticed
something
and
believe
it
is
true
,
although
you
are
not
completely
sure
.
•
Apparently
,
the
museum
will
reopen
next
week
after
the
repairs
.
Apparently
,
the
museum
will
reopen
next
week
after
the
repairs
.
•
Apparently
,
she
finished
the
marathon
in
under
four
hours
.
Apparently
,
she
finished
the
marathon
in
under
four
hours
.
adverb
Plainly
or
obviously
seen
or
understood
,
even
if
the
deeper
truth
may
be
different
.
•
The
engine
stopped
for
no
apparently
good
reason
.
The
engine
stopped
for
no
apparently
good
reason
.
•
She
was
apparently
calm
during
the
interview
.
She
was
apparently
calm
during
the
interview
.
appropriate
adjective
suitable
or
right
for
a
particular
situation
or
purpose
•
It
is
not
appropriate
to
wear
jeans
to
a
formal
wedding
.
It
is
not
appropriate
to
wear
jeans
to
a
formal
wedding
.
•
The
librarian
helped
the
child
choose
an
appropriate
book
for
her
reading
level
.
The
librarian
helped
the
child
choose
an
appropriate
book
for
her
reading
level
.
From
Late
Latin
appropriātus
,
past
participle
of
appropriāre
“
to
make
one
’
s
own
”,
from
Latin
ad-
“
to
”
+
proprius
“
one
’
s
own
”.
verb
-
appropriate
,
appropriating
,
appropriates
,
appropriated
to
take
or
use
something
for
oneself
without
permission
,
often
wrongfully
•
The
rebels
appropriated
the
village
’
s
food
supplies
during
the
night
.
The
rebels
appropriated
the
village
’
s
food
supplies
during
the
night
.
•
He
often
appropriates
other
people
’
s
ideas
and
presents
them
as
his
own
.
He
often
appropriates
other
people
’
s
ideas
and
presents
them
as
his
own
.
Same
origin
as
adjective
sense
;
meaning
of
“
take
for
oneself
”
developed
in
late
Middle
English
.
verb
-
appropriate
,
appropriating
,
appropriates
,
appropriated
to
officially
set
apart
money
or
resources
for
a
particular
use
•
The
government
appropriated
five
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
hospital
.
The
government
appropriated
five
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
hospital
.
•
Each
year
the
committee
appropriates
a
budget
for
community
projects
.
Each
year
the
committee
appropriates
a
budget
for
community
projects
.
Financial
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
from
the
broader
idea
of
assigning
something
as
one
’
s
own
.
appearance
noun
the
way
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
looks
to
other
people
•
Lena
changed
her
appearance
by
cutting
her
long
hair
into
a
short
bob
.
Lena
changed
her
appearance
by
cutting
her
long
hair
into
a
short
bob
.
•
The
old
library
’
s
dusty
shelves
hide
its
grand
appearance
from
the
street
.
The
old
library
’
s
dusty
shelves
hide
its
grand
appearance
from
the
street
.
From
Middle
French
apparence
,
from
Latin
apparentia
‘
being
visible
’,
from
apparēre
‘
to
appear
’.
noun
the
act
of
becoming
visible
or
of
arriving
where
people
can
see
you
•
Everyone
cheered
at
the
sudden
appearance
of
a
rainbow
after
the
storm
.
Everyone
cheered
at
the
sudden
appearance
of
a
rainbow
after
the
storm
.
•
The
famous
actor
’
s
first
appearance
on
stage
lasted
only
a
minute
,
but
the
audience
loved
it
.
The
famous
actor
’
s
first
appearance
on
stage
lasted
only
a
minute
,
but
the
audience
loved
it
.
noun
the
impression
something
gives
,
which
may
hide
the
truth
•
The
deal
seemed
fair
,
but
that
was
only
the
appearance
of
honesty
.
The
deal
seemed
fair
,
but
that
was
only
the
appearance
of
honesty
.
•
She
kept
up
the
appearance
of
confidence
even
though
she
was
nervous
.
She
kept
up
the
appearance
of
confidence
even
though
she
was
nervous
.
noun
a
short
public
performance
,
visit
,
or
interview
by
a
well-known
person
•
The
singer
’
s
surprise
appearance
on
the
morning
show
boosted
ratings
.
The
singer
’
s
surprise
appearance
on
the
morning
show
boosted
ratings
.
•
She
donated
her
fee
from
the
store
appearance
to
charity
.
She
donated
her
fee
from
the
store
appearance
to
charity
.
noun
the
act
of
a
lawyer
or
party
formally
attending
court
in
a
legal
case
•
The
defendant
’
s
first
appearance
before
the
judge
was
brief
.
The
defendant
’
s
first
appearance
before
the
judge
was
brief
.
•
Failing
to
make
an
appearance
can
lead
to
a
default
judgment
.
Failing
to
make
an
appearance
can
lead
to
a
default
judgment
.
appeal
verb
to
be
interesting
,
attractive
,
or
pleasing
to
someone
•
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
•
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
noun
-
appeal
the
quality
in
someone
or
something
that
makes
them
attractive
or
interesting
•
Part
of
the
city
’
s
appeal
is
its
lively
night
market
.
Part
of
the
city
’
s
appeal
is
its
lively
night
market
.
•
Vintage
cars
have
a
special
appeal
for
collectors
.
Vintage
cars
have
a
special
appeal
for
collectors
.
verb
to
formally
ask
a
higher
law-court
or
authority
to
change
or
overturn
a
decision
that
you
think
is
wrong
•
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
•
If
you
believe
the
referee
’
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
If
you
believe
the
referee
’
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
apel
’ (
noun
), ‘
apeler
’ (
verb
),
from
Latin
‘
appellare
’
meaning
‘
to
call
upon
’.
noun
a
serious
or
urgent
request
for
help
,
support
,
or
action
•
The
charity
made
an
appeal
for
blankets
and
warm
clothes
after
the
earthquake
.
The
charity
made
an
appeal
for
blankets
and
warm
clothes
after
the
earthquake
.
•
Police
issued
an
appeal
to
the
public
for
any
information
about
the
missing
boy
.
Police
issued
an
appeal
to
the
public
for
any
information
about
the
missing
boy
.
noun
a
legal
process
in
which
a
higher
court
is
asked
to
review
and
change
a
lower
court
’
s
decision
•
The
judge
gave
the
defendant
ten
days
to
lodge
an
appeal
.
The
judge
gave
the
defendant
ten
days
to
lodge
an
appeal
.
•
Her
lawyers
are
preparing
an
appeal
against
the
conviction
.
Her
lawyers
are
preparing
an
appeal
against
the
conviction
.
approve
verb
-
approve
,
approving
,
approves
,
approved
to
officially
agree
to
or
accept
something
after
checking
or
discussing
it
•
The
city
council
voted
to
approve
the
new
playground
project
.
The
city
council
voted
to
approve
the
new
playground
project
.
•
Before
release
,
the
app
store
must
approve
every
game
submitted
by
developers
.
Before
release
,
the
app
store
must
approve
every
game
submitted
by
developers
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
aprover
’,
based
on
Latin
‘
approbare
’
meaning
‘
to
assent
to
’.
verb
-
approve
,
approving
,
approves
,
approved
to
think
that
someone
or
something
is
good
,
right
,
or
acceptable
often
expressed
as
approve
of
•
Her
parents
do
not
approve
of
her
bright
purple
hair
.
Her
parents
do
not
approve
of
her
bright
purple
hair
.
•
I
completely
approve
of
your
idea
to
plant
trees
around
the
school
.
I
completely
approve
of
your
idea
to
plant
trees
around
the
school
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
sense
:
Latin
‘
approbare
’
meaning
‘
to
consider
good
’.
approximately
adverb
close
to
a
particular
number
,
amount
,
time
,
or
quantity
but
not
exactly
•
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
•
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
From
Latin
approximatus
,
past
participle
of
appropiare
“
to
come
nearer
,”
with
the
adverbial
suffix
–ly
added
to
approximate
.
approval
noun
official
permission
or
agreement
for
something
to
happen
or
continue
•
We
cannot
start
the
project
without
the
manager's
approval
.
We
cannot
start
the
project
without
the
manager's
approval
.
•
The
city
council
gave
approval
for
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
The
city
council
gave
approval
for
the
new
playground
in
the
park
.
From
approve
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
,
tracing
back
to
Latin
approbare
“
to
assent
to
,
justify
”.
noun
a
positive
feeling
of
liking
,
praise
,
or
support
for
someone
or
something
•
His
parents
looked
at
him
with
approval
when
he
received
the
award
.
His
parents
looked
at
him
with
approval
when
he
received
the
award
.
•
Julia
always
seeks
her
teacher's
approval
on
her
creative
writing
.
Julia
always
seeks
her
teacher's
approval
on
her
creative
writing
.
Same
etymology
as
other
sense
;
semantic
shift
from
formal
assent
to
personal
liking
over
centuries
.
apparent
adjective
easy
to
notice
or
understand
;
obvious
.
•
The
tension
in
the
classroom
was
apparent
the
moment
the
teacher
announced
the
surprise
test
.
The
tension
in
the
classroom
was
apparent
the
moment
the
teacher
announced
the
surprise
test
.
•
Her
excitement
was
apparent
from
the
huge
smile
and
sparkling
eyes
she
showed
while
unwrapping
the
gift
.
Her
excitement
was
apparent
from
the
huge
smile
and
sparkling
eyes
she
showed
while
unwrapping
the
gift
.
From
Middle
French
apparent
,
from
Latin
apparēns
,
present
participle
of
apparēre
“
to
appear
”.
adjective
seeming
to
be
true
or
real
,
but
possibly
not
actually
so
.
•
The
door
was
locked
for
no
apparent
reason
,
leaving
the
travelers
puzzled
.
The
door
was
locked
for
no
apparent
reason
,
leaving
the
travelers
puzzled
.
•
His
apparent
calmness
hid
how
nervous
he
really
felt
about
the
performance
.
His
apparent
calmness
hid
how
nervous
he
really
felt
about
the
performance
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
apparēns
“
appearing
”.
This
meaning
developed
in
English
in
the
late
1500s
.
appointment
noun
a
planned
meeting
with
someone
at
a
specific
time
and
place
•
I
have
an
appointment
with
the
dentist
at
3
p
.
m
.
I
have
an
appointment
with
the
dentist
at
3
p
.
m
.
•
Please
book
an
appointment
before
you
come
to
the
embassy
.
Please
book
an
appointment
before
you
come
to
the
embassy
.
From
Middle
French
appointement
,
from
Old
French
apointement
,
from
apointer
“
to
arrange
,
settle
;
to
appoint
.”
noun
a
job
or
position
given
to
someone
,
especially
in
government
or
an
organization
•
Her
most
recent
appointment
is
as
ambassador
to
Spain
.
Her
most
recent
appointment
is
as
ambassador
to
Spain
.
•
The
committee
approved
his
appointment
to
the
board
of
directors
.
The
committee
approved
his
appointment
to
the
board
of
directors
.
Sense
developed
from
the
idea
of
something
formally
arranged
: “
a
position
assigned
.”
noun
the
act
of
choosing
someone
for
a
job
or
position
•
The
appointment
of
a
new
CEO
boosted
investor
confidence
.
The
appointment
of
a
new
CEO
boosted
investor
confidence
.
•
Parliament
debated
the
appointment
of
the
chief
justice
for
hours
.
Parliament
debated
the
appointment
of
the
chief
justice
for
hours
.
Derived
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
appoint
’
meaning
‘
assign
officially
.’
appoint
verb
to
choose
someone
officially
for
a
job
or
position
of
responsibility
•
The
board
of
directors
appointed
Maria
as
the
new
CEO
.
The
board
of
directors
appointed
Maria
as
the
new
CEO
.
•
The
president
appointed
a
panel
of
experts
to
investigate
the
issue
.
The
president
appointed
a
panel
of
experts
to
investigate
the
issue
.
Middle
English
apointen
,
from
Old
French
apointer
‘
arrange
,
settle
’,
from
a
point
‘
to
a
point
’.
verb
to
decide
on
a
time
or
place
for
something
to
happen
•
The
ceremony
was
appointed
for
ten
o
’
clock
exactly
.
The
ceremony
was
appointed
for
ten
o
’
clock
exactly
.
•
The
lawyer
requested
that
a
new
date
be
appointed
for
the
hearing
.
The
lawyer
requested
that
a
new
date
be
appointed
for
the
hearing
.
Same
historical
root
as
sense
1
,
with
a
specialized
meaning
of
‘
assign
to
a
specific
time
or
place
’.
happen
verb
to
occur
or
take
place
,
especially
without
being
planned
•
No
one
expected
the
power
cut
,
but
it
happened
during
dinner
.
No
one
expected
the
power
cut
,
but
it
happened
during
dinner
.
•
Strange
things
happen
in
this
old
house
at
night
.
Strange
things
happen
in
this
old
house
at
night
.
verb
to
occur
to
or
befall
someone
or
something
,
especially
something
unexpected
or
negative
•
What
happened
to
your
arm
?
Did
you
hurt
yourself
?
What
happened
to
your
arm
?
Did
you
hurt
yourself
?
•
A
funny
thing
happened
to
me
on
the
way
to
work
.
A
funny
thing
happened
to
me
on
the
way
to
work
.
verb
to
do
or
experience
something
by
chance
,
often
followed
by
an
infinitive
•
I
happened
to
see
your
sister
at
the
market
yesterday
.
I
happened
to
see
your
sister
at
the
market
yesterday
.
•
If
you
happen
to
find
my
keys
,
please
call
me
.
If
you
happen
to
find
my
keys
,
please
call
me
.
happy
adjective
-
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
feeling
glad
and
satisfied
•
After
winning
the
race
,
the
little
boy
waved
his
arms
and
looked
happy
.
After
winning
the
race
,
the
little
boy
waved
his
arms
and
looked
happy
.
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
,
clearly
happy
to
see
its
owner
come
home
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
,
clearly
happy
to
see
its
owner
come
home
.
Old
English
‘
hæppi
’
meaning
fortunate
or
lucky
;
later
shifting
to
describe
a
feeling
of
pleasure
.
adjective
-
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
willing
and
ready
to
do
something
•
The
receptionist
was
happy
to
answer
all
my
questions
.
The
receptionist
was
happy
to
answer
all
my
questions
.
•
I
am
happy
to
lend
you
my
notes
for
the
exam
.
I
am
happy
to
lend
you
my
notes
for
the
exam
.
Extension
of
the
emotional
sense
to
describe
readiness
around
the
mid-19th
century
.
adjective
-
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
resulting
in
a
good
or
lucky
outcome
•
It
was
a
happy
coincidence
that
we
both
booked
the
same
flight
.
It
was
a
happy
coincidence
that
we
both
booked
the
same
flight
.
•
The
engineers
made
a
happy
discovery
when
the
new
material
was
stronger
than
expected
.
The
engineers
made
a
happy
discovery
when
the
new
material
was
stronger
than
expected
.
Original
14th-century
meaning
of
‘
happy
’
was
‘
lucky
’
or
‘
favored
by
fortune
’.
Apple
noun
-
Apple
A
large
American
technology
company
known
for
products
such
as
the
iPhone
,
iPad
,
and
Mac
computers
.
•
My
brother
works
for
Apple
as
a
software
engineer
.
My
brother
works
for
Apple
as
a
software
engineer
.
•
Apple
released
a
new
version
of
the
iPhone
this
year
.
Apple
released
a
new
version
of
the
iPhone
this
year
.
Founded
in
1976
by
Steve
Jobs
,
Steve
Wozniak
,
and
Ronald
Wayne
;
named
after
Jobs
’
s
fondness
for
apples
and
to
appear
before
Atari
in
the
phone
book
.
map
noun
-
map
,
mapping
,
maps
,
mapped
a
drawing
or
digital
picture
that
shows
the
positions
of
roads
,
rivers
,
cities
,
and
other
features
of
an
area
•
Layla
unfolded
a
map
to
find
the
nearest
campground
.
Layla
unfolded
a
map
to
find
the
nearest
campground
.
•
The
bus
driver
pointed
to
the
city
map
on
the
wall
and
showed
the
tourists
where
to
transfer
.
The
bus
driver
pointed
to
the
city
map
on
the
wall
and
showed
the
tourists
where
to
transfer
.
Middle
English
"
mappe
,"
from
Medieval
Latin
"
mappa
mundi
"
meaning
"
sheet
of
the
world
"
verb
-
map
,
mapping
,
maps
,
mapped
to
make
a
detailed
drawing
of
an
area
showing
its
features
•
Scientists
mapped
the
ocean
floor
using
sonar
technology
.
Scientists
mapped
the
ocean
floor
using
sonar
technology
.
•
The
city
plans
to
map
every
tree
to
improve
urban
forestry
.
The
city
plans
to
map
every
tree
to
improve
urban
forestry
.
From
the
noun
sense
:
to
‘
map
’
something
is
to
put
it
into
the
form
of
a
map
.
verb
-
map
,
mapping
,
maps
,
mapped
to
show
or
match
how
one
thing
is
connected
or
related
to
another
•
The
teacher
asked
students
to
map
each
historical
event
to
its
main
cause
.
The
teacher
asked
students
to
map
each
historical
event
to
its
main
cause
.
•
Researchers
mapped
brain
activity
to
different
emotions
in
the
study
.
Researchers
mapped
brain
activity
to
different
emotions
in
the
study
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
idea
of
‘
laying
out
’
relationships
as
a
map
.
noun
-
map
,
mapping
,
maps
,
mapped
in
computing
,
a
set
of
data
in
which
each
key
is
connected
to
a
specific
value
•
The
program
stores
user
IDs
and
passwords
in
a
secure
map
.
The
program
stores
user
IDs
and
passwords
in
a
secure
map
.
•
Using
a
hash
map
speeds
up
searches
because
each
key
points
directly
to
its
value
.
Using
a
hash
map
speeds
up
searches
because
each
key
points
directly
to
its
value
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
geographic
sense
,
first
used
in
computer
science
in
the
1960s
to
describe
structures
that
‘
map
’
one
item
to
another
.
pound
noun
-
study
,
studying
,
studies
,
studied
,
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
a
unit
of
weight
equal
to
16
ounces
,
or
about
0
.
454
kilograms
•
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
•
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
From
Old
English
“
pund
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
“
pōndo
” (
by
weight
).
disappear
verb
to
suddenly
go
out
of
sight
so
that
no
longer
anything
can
be
seen
•
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
•
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
From
French
disparoir
,
from
Latin
disparēre
(
to
vanish
).
verb
to
stop
existing
or
being
available
•
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
•
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
verb
for
a
person
or
animal
:
to
go
somewhere
secretly
or
be
missing
so
that
no
one
knows
where
they
are
•
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
•
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
Same
historical
origin
as
primary
sense
.
wrap
verb
-
wrap
,
wrapping
,
wraps
,
wrapped
to
cover
or
enclose
something
by
folding
paper
,
cloth
,
or
another
material
around
it
•
She
carefully
wrapped
the
birthday
present
in
bright
red
paper
.
She
carefully
wrapped
the
birthday
present
in
bright
red
paper
.
•
The
mother
wrapped
a
blanket
around
her
sleeping
baby
to
keep
him
warm
.
The
mother
wrapped
a
blanket
around
her
sleeping
baby
to
keep
him
warm
.
Old
English
"
wrappen
"
meaning
to
wind
or
twist
around
,
influenced
by
Old
Norse
"
vrapa
".
verb
-
wrap
,
wrapping
,
wraps
,
wrapped
(
film
or
broadcasting
)
to
finish
shooting
,
recording
,
or
a
stage
of
production
•
The
director
announced
that
they
would
wrap
at
sunset
.
The
director
announced
that
they
would
wrap
at
sunset
.
•
After
twelve
long
hours
,
the
crew
finally
wrapped
.
After
twelve
long
hours
,
the
crew
finally
wrapped
.
Extension
of
the
general
sense
“
finish
covering
”
to
“
finish
working
”
in
early
20th-century
U
.
S
.
film
industry
slang
.
gap
verb
-
gap
,
gapping
,
gaps
,
gapped
to
make
or
become
an
opening
or
space
between
things
•
Workers
will
gap
the
stone
wall
to
install
a
gate
.
Workers
will
gap
the
stone
wall
to
install
a
gate
.
•
Erosion
has
gapped
the
cliff
over
centuries
.
Erosion
has
gapped
the
cliff
over
centuries
.
cap
verb
-
cap
,
capping
,
caps
,
capped
to
put
a
cap
or
covering
on
something
,
especially
on
someone
’
s
head
•
The
nurse
gently
capped
the
newborn
’
s
head
to
keep
him
warm
.
The
nurse
gently
capped
the
newborn
’
s
head
to
keep
him
warm
.
•
He
caps
each
jar
with
wax
to
seal
in
the
flavor
.
He
caps
each
jar
with
wax
to
seal
in
the
flavor
.
verb
-
cap
,
capping
,
caps
,
capped
to
set
an
upper
limit
on
the
amount
,
price
,
or
number
of
something
•
The
city
council
voted
to
cap
property
taxes
at
three
percent
.
The
city
council
voted
to
cap
property
taxes
at
three
percent
.
•
Mobile
providers
capped
data
speeds
after
users
hit
the
limit
.
Mobile
providers
capped
data
speeds
after
users
hit
the
limit
.
verb
-
cap
,
capping
,
caps
,
capped
to
do
or
say
something
that
is
better
,
more
impressive
,
or
more
extreme
than
what
happened
before
•
The
singer
capped
the
show
with
a
stunning
encore
.
The
singer
capped
the
show
with
a
stunning
encore
.
•
He
always
tries
to
cap
my
stories
with
an
even
bigger
adventure
.
He
always
tries
to
cap
my
stories
with
an
even
bigger
adventure
.
snap
verb
-
snap
,
snapping
,
snaps
,
snapped
to
break
,
open
,
close
,
or
move
suddenly
with
a
sharp
cracking
sound
•
While
hiking
,
Lisa
snapped
a
dry
twig
under
her
boot
.
While
hiking
,
Lisa
snapped
a
dry
twig
under
her
boot
.
•
The
magician
snapped
his
fingers
,
and
a
dove
appeared
from
his
hat
.
The
magician
snapped
his
fingers
,
and
a
dove
appeared
from
his
hat
.
Middle
English
snappen
,
probably
of
Low
German
origin
,
imitative
of
a
sharp
breaking
sound
.
verb
-
snap
,
snapping
,
snaps
,
snapped
(
informal
)
to
take
a
quick
photograph
•
Tourists
snap
photos
of
the
skyline
from
the
boat
deck
.
Tourists
snap
photos
of
the
skyline
from
the
boat
deck
.
•
She
quickly
snapped
her
friends
posing
in
front
of
the
colorful
mural
.
She
quickly
snapped
her
friends
posing
in
front
of
the
colorful
mural
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
“
make
a
quick
sharp
action
,”
applied
to
the
motion
of
pressing
a
shutter
button
.
verb
-
snap
,
snapping
,
snaps
,
snapped
(
informal
)
to
suddenly
lose
self-control
and
speak
or
act
angrily
•
After
hours
of
questions
,
the
exhausted
teacher
finally
snapped
at
the
class
.
After
hours
of
questions
,
the
exhausted
teacher
finally
snapped
at
the
class
.
•
He
tried
to
stay
calm
,
but
he
snapped
when
the
computer
crashed
again
.
He
tried
to
stay
calm
,
but
he
snapped
when
the
computer
crashed
again
.
Metaphoric
extension
of
breaking
sense
:
the
mind
or
patience
“
breaks
”
under
strain
.
tap
verb
-
tap
,
tapping
,
taps
,
tapped
to
press
quickly
on
a
smartphone
or
tablet
screen
with
your
finger
to
choose
something
•
Just
tap
the
icon
to
open
the
camera
app
.
Just
tap
the
icon
to
open
the
camera
app
.
•
I
accidentally
tapped
the
wrong
button
and
closed
the
game
.
I
accidentally
tapped
the
wrong
button
and
closed
the
game
.
Technological
extension
of
the
basic
verb
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
1990s
with
touch-screen
devices
.
verb
-
tap
,
tapping
,
taps
,
tapped
to
touch
or
hit
someone
or
something
lightly
,
often
with
your
fingers
,
to
make
a
soft
sound
or
to
get
attention
•
Julia
tapped
her
friend
on
the
shoulder
to
say
hello
.
Julia
tapped
her
friend
on
the
shoulder
to
say
hello
.
•
Please
don't
tap
the
glass
;
it
bothers
the
fish
.
Please
don't
tap
the
glass
;
it
bothers
the
fish
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
;
recorded
as
a
verb
since
the
14th
century
.
verb
-
tap
,
tapping
,
taps
,
tapped
to
make
a
small
hole
in
a
tree
,
barrel
,
or
other
container
so
that
you
can
draw
liquid
such
as
sap
or
beer
from
it
•
Farmers
tapped
the
maple
trees
to
collect
sap
in
early
spring
.
Farmers
tapped
the
maple
trees
to
collect
sap
in
early
spring
.
•
They
tapped
the
keg
and
served
fresh
beer
to
the
guests
.
They
tapped
the
keg
and
served
fresh
beer
to
the
guests
.
From
the
noun
sense
‘
plug
or
spout
for
drawing
liquid
’;
the
verb
meaning
‘
draw
liquid
by
a
tap
’
dates
from
the
early
17th
century
.
crap
verb
-
crap
,
crapping
,
craps
,
crapped
to
defecate
;
to
pass
solid
waste
from
the
body
•
I
really
need
to
crap
—
where
’
s
the
nearest
restroom
?
I
really
need
to
crap
—
where
’
s
the
nearest
restroom
?
•
The
birds
crapped
all
over
the
car
last
night
.
The
birds
crapped
all
over
the
car
last
night
.
Verb
sense
appeared
in
the
late
19th
c
.,
building
on
the
noun
meaning
of
feces
.
adjective
-
crap
,
crappier
,
crappiest
of
very
poor
quality
;
bad
•
That
was
a
crap
excuse
for
being
late
.
That
was
a
crap
excuse
for
being
late
.
•
My
phone
camera
takes
crap
photos
in
low
light
.
My
phone
camera
takes
crap
photos
in
low
light
.
Adjective
use
developed
mid-20th
c
.
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
worthless
things
’.
happiness
noun
-
happiness
the
feeling
or
state
of
pleasure
,
contentment
,
or
joy
•
Spending
time
with
her
family
brings
her
great
happiness
.
Spending
time
with
her
family
brings
her
great
happiness
.
•
The
puppy's
excited
tail
wagging
was
a
picture
of
pure
happiness
.
The
puppy's
excited
tail
wagging
was
a
picture
of
pure
happiness
.
Formed
from
the
adjective
"
happy
"
+
the
noun-forming
suffix
"
-ness
"
in
Middle
English
.
noun
-
happiness
good
luck
or
fortunate
circumstances
(
archaic
)
•
The
sailors
drank
ale
and
wished
happiness
upon
their
voyage
.
The
sailors
drank
ale
and
wished
happiness
upon
their
voyage
.
•
The
villagers
prayed
for
the
king
’
s
happiness
before
the
battle
began
.
The
villagers
prayed
for
the
king
’
s
happiness
before
the
battle
began
.
In
early
modern
English
, "
happiness
"
often
meant
good
fortune
or
prosperity
,
a
sense
now
mostly
obsolete
.
trap
verb
-
trap
,
trapping
,
traps
,
trapped
to
catch
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
so
it
cannot
leave
or
escape
•
Heavy
snow
trapped
the
hikers
on
the
mountain
overnight
.
Heavy
snow
trapped
the
hikers
on
the
mountain
overnight
.
•
A
broken
elevator
trapped
us
between
two
floors
for
an
hour
.
A
broken
elevator
trapped
us
between
two
floors
for
an
hour
.
disappointed
adjective
Feeling
sad
,
unhappy
,
or
let
down
because
something
did
not
meet
your
hopes
or
expectations
.
•
Lena
was
disappointed
when
the
concert
was
cancelled
at
the
last
minute
.
Lena
was
disappointed
when
the
concert
was
cancelled
at
the
last
minute
.
•
The
team
felt
disappointed
after
losing
the
championship
game
.
The
team
felt
disappointed
after
losing
the
championship
game
.
verb
Past
tense
and
past
participle
of
disappoint
.
•
The
sudden
storm
disappointed
the
hikers
who
hoped
for
clear
skies
.
The
sudden
storm
disappointed
the
hikers
who
hoped
for
clear
skies
.
•
Her
careless
comment
deeply
disappointed
her
friend
.
Her
careless
comment
deeply
disappointed
her
friend
.