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November
noun
the
eleventh
month
of
the
year
,
between
October
and
December
•
My
birthday
is
in
November
.
My
birthday
is
in
November
.
•
The
trees
along
the
park
path
turn
golden
in
late
November
.
The
trees
along
the
park
path
turn
golden
in
late
November
.
From
Latin
‘
novem
’
meaning
‘
nine
’,
because
November
was
the
ninth
month
in
the
ancient
Roman
calendar
.
noun
-
November
the
word
used
to
represent
the
letter
‘
N
’
in
the
NATO
phonetic
alphabet
when
speaking
over
radio
or
telephone
•
The
pilot
said
“[ [
November
] ]
three
five
eight
”
to
spell
the
plane
’
s
call
sign
over
the
radio
.
The
pilot
said
“[ [
November
] ]
three
five
eight
”
to
spell
the
plane
’
s
call
sign
over
the
radio
.
•
During
the
radio
check
,
the
soldier
clearly
pronounced
“[ [
November
] ]”
for
the
letter
N
so
everyone
could
understand
.
During
the
radio
check
,
the
soldier
clearly
pronounced
“[ [
November
] ]”
for
the
letter
N
so
everyone
could
understand
.
Chosen
by
NATO
in
the
1950s
because
it
is
a
familiar
,
easily
pronounced
word
in
many
languages
and
clearly
distinct
from
other
alphabet
code
words
.
Northwest
noun
-
Northwest
the
northwestern
part
of
a
country
or
larger
area
,
especially
the
northwestern
United
States
•
She
moved
to
the
Northwest
because
she
loves
tall
pine
forests
and
rainy
weather
.
She
moved
to
the
Northwest
because
she
loves
tall
pine
forests
and
rainy
weather
.
•
The
Northwest
is
famous
for
fresh
salmon
and
craft
coffee
.
The
Northwest
is
famous
for
fresh
salmon
and
craft
coffee
.
know
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
have
information
or
understand
facts
about
something
.
•
I
know
that
the
Earth
orbits
the
Sun
.
I
know
that
the
Earth
orbits
the
Sun
.
•
Do
you
know
what
time
the
movie
starts
?
Do
you
know
what
time
the
movie
starts
?
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
be
acquainted
or
familiar
with
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
.
•
I
know
Maria
from
college
.
I
know
Maria
from
college
.
•
Do
you
know
this
neighborhood
?
Do
you
know
this
neighborhood
?
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
feel
certain
or
sure
about
something
.
•
I
know
he'll
come
on
time
.
I
know
he'll
come
on
time
.
•
She
knew
it
was
the
right
decision
.
She
knew
it
was
the
right
decision
.
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
have
the
skill
or
ability
to
do
something
(
usually
followed
by
“
how
to
”).
•
Do
you
know
how
to
swim
?
Do
you
know
how
to
swim
?
•
She
knows
how
to
fix
a
bike
.
She
knows
how
to
fix
a
bike
.
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
recognize
someone
or
something
when
you
see
,
hear
,
or
experience
it
.
•
I
know
his
voice
anywhere
.
I
know
his
voice
anywhere
.
•
She
knew
the
painting
the
moment
she
saw
its
colors
.
She
knew
the
painting
the
moment
she
saw
its
colors
.
no
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
show
that
there
is
not
any
amount
of
that
person
or
thing
•
I
have
no
money
left
after
paying
the
bills
.
I
have
no
money
left
after
paying
the
bills
.
•
There
were
no
seats
available
on
the
train
.
There
were
no
seats
available
on
the
train
.
adverb
used
to
give
a
negative
answer
or
to
mean
“
not
”
in
a
phrase
or
clause
•
“
Would
you
like
some
coffee
?” — “
No
,
thank
you
.”
“
Would
you
like
some
coffee
?” — “
No
,
thank
you
.”
•
She
is
no
better
today
than
yesterday
.
She
is
no
better
today
than
yesterday
.
interjection
used
suddenly
to
refuse
,
stop
something
,
or
show
surprise
or
shock
•
“
No
!
Don
’
t
touch
the
hot
pan
,”
the
mother
yelled
.
“
No
!
Don
’
t
touch
the
hot
pan
,”
the
mother
yelled
.
•
“
No
,
that
can
’
t
be
true
,”
he
whispered
in
disbelief
.
“
No
,
that
can
’
t
be
true
,”
he
whispered
in
disbelief
.
noun
-
no
,
noes
a
negative
answer
,
vote
,
or
decision
that
shows
refusal
or
disagreement
•
The
proposal
was
rejected
with
seven
no
votes
and
five
yes
votes
.
The
proposal
was
rejected
with
seven
no
votes
and
five
yes
votes
.
•
When
his
parents
offered
more
cake
,
his
little
sister
responded
with
a
firm
no
.
When
his
parents
offered
more
cake
,
his
little
sister
responded
with
a
firm
no
.
another
determiner
used
before
a
singular
countable
noun
to
talk
about
one
more
person
or
thing
of
the
same
kind
•
Would
you
like
another
slice
of
pizza
?
Would
you
like
another
slice
of
pizza
?
•
He
stayed
up
late
to
read
another
chapter
of
his
book
.
He
stayed
up
late
to
read
another
chapter
of
his
book
.
from
Middle
English
an
other
,
literally
“
one
other
”
pronoun
one
more
person
or
thing
of
the
same
kind
•
These
cookies
are
delicious
;
I
think
I'll
have
another
.
These
cookies
are
delicious
;
I
think
I'll
have
another
.
•
One
cup
of
coffee
wasn't
enough
,
so
he
poured
himself
another
.
One
cup
of
coffee
wasn't
enough
,
so
he
poured
himself
another
.
determiner
used
before
a
singular
countable
noun
to
refer
to
a
different
person
or
thing
instead
of
the
one
already
mentioned
•
The
bus
was
full
,
so
we
took
another
route
home
.
The
bus
was
full
,
so
we
took
another
route
home
.
•
If
this
key
doesn't
fit
,
try
another
lock
.
If
this
key
doesn't
fit
,
try
another
lock
.
pronoun
a
different
person
or
thing
instead
of
the
one
already
mentioned
•
This
pen
is
empty
;
hand
me
another
.
This
pen
is
empty
;
hand
me
another
.
•
The
first
answer
was
wrong
,
so
she
wrote
another
.
The
first
answer
was
wrong
,
so
she
wrote
another
.
nothing
pronoun
-
nothing
not
any
thing
at
all
•
There
is
nothing
in
the
fridge
to
eat
.
There
is
nothing
in
the
fridge
to
eat
.
•
Nothing
happened
during
the
quiet
night
shift
at
the
museum
.
Nothing
happened
during
the
quiet
night
shift
at
the
museum
.
Old
English
nāwiht
(
no
thing
),
from
nā
"
no
,
not
"
+
wiht
"
thing
,
creature
".
noun
-
nothing
a
state
of
non-existence
or
complete
lack
of
anything
;
insignificance
•
Winning
the
trophy
meant
nothing
to
her
without
her
family
there
.
Winning
the
trophy
meant
nothing
to
her
without
her
family
there
.
•
The
philosophers
debated
the
nature
of
nothing
late
into
the
night
.
The
philosophers
debated
the
nature
of
nothing
late
into
the
night
.
Extension
of
the
pronoun
sense
to
an
abstract
noun
in
Middle
English
.
interjection
used
to
reply
politely
after
thanks
,
meaning
“
it
was
no
trouble
”
or
“
you
’
re
welcome
”
•
“
Thanks
for
helping
with
my
homework
!” — “
Oh
,
nothing
.”
“
Thanks
for
helping
with
my
homework
!” — “
Oh
,
nothing
.”
•
“
I
appreciate
the
ride
.” — “
It
’
s
nothing
,
really
,”
she
replied
.
“
I
appreciate
the
ride
.” — “
It
’
s
nothing
,
really
,”
she
replied
.
Interjection
use
arose
in
the
early
19th
century
from
ellipsis
of
the
phrase
“
It
was
nothing
.”
enough
determiner
as
much
or
as
many
as
are
needed
or
wanted
;
sufficient
•
We
don
’
t
have
enough
chairs
for
everybody
.
We
don
’
t
have
enough
chairs
for
everybody
.
•
Is
there
enough
sugar
left
for
the
recipe
?
Is
there
enough
sugar
left
for
the
recipe
?
From
Middle
English
enogh
,
from
Old
English
genōg
,
meaning
"
sufficient
".
pronoun
a
quantity
or
number
that
is
sufficient
•
Thanks
,
that
’
s
enough
.
Thanks
,
that
’
s
enough
.
•
Have
we
got
enough
for
everyone
?
Have
we
got
enough
for
everyone
?
adverb
to
the
necessary
degree
;
sufficiently
•
He
is
old
enough
to
vote
.
He
is
old
enough
to
vote
.
•
I
didn
’
t
study
hard
enough
for
the
test
.
I
didn
’
t
study
hard
enough
for
the
test
.
interjection
used
to
tell
someone
to
stop
doing
something
because
it
is
becoming
annoying
or
excessive
•
Enough
!
Turn
the
music
down
.
Enough
!
Turn
the
music
down
.
•
Enough
,
children
—
time
to
go
to
bed
.
Enough
,
children
—
time
to
go
to
bed
.
adverb
quite
but
not
extremely
;
fairly
(
used
after
an
adjective
or
adverb
)
•
The
room
was
warm
enough
,
so
we
opened
a
window
.
The
room
was
warm
enough
,
so
we
opened
a
window
.
•
His
answer
was
simple
enough
for
everyone
to
understand
.
His
answer
was
simple
enough
for
everyone
to
understand
.
knowledge
noun
-
knowledge
Information
,
understanding
,
and
skills
that
a
person
gains
through
learning
or
experience
.
•
Reading
many
books
has
filled
her
mind
with
knowledge
.
Reading
many
books
has
filled
her
mind
with
knowledge
.
•
Marcus
shared
his
knowledge
of
gardening
with
the
neighbors
.
Marcus
shared
his
knowledge
of
gardening
with
the
neighbors
.
Middle
English
‘
knowlege
’,
from
‘
knowen
’ (
to
know
)
+
the
suffix
‘
-ledge
’,
patterned
after
‘
acknowledge
’.
noun
-
knowledge
Facts
or
information
that
someone
is
aware
of
about
a
particular
subject
,
situation
,
or
event
.
•
To
my
knowledge
,
the
museum
closes
at
five
o
’
clock
.
To
my
knowledge
,
the
museum
closes
at
five
o
’
clock
.
•
She
kept
the
plan
secret
,
without
her
parents
’
knowledge
.
She
kept
the
plan
secret
,
without
her
parents
’
knowledge
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
from
Middle
English
roots
related
to
‘
know
’.
reality
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
the
true
state
of
things
as
they
actually
exist
,
not
as
they
are
imagined
or
wished
for
•
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
•
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
realite
’,
from
medieval
Latin
‘
realitas
’,
from
Latin
‘
realis
’
meaning
‘
relating
to
things
’.
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
a
real
fact
,
situation
,
or
experience
,
especially
one
of
several
kinds
or
examples
•
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
•
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
the
countable
use
evolved
in
the
17th
century
to
refer
to
specific
factual
situations
.
economic
adjective
relating
to
money
,
trade
,
industry
,
and
the
overall
system
of
producing
and
using
goods
and
services
•
The
government
introduced
new
economic
policies
to
reduce
unemployment
.
The
government
introduced
new
economic
policies
to
reduce
unemployment
.
•
Tourism
is
the
island
’
s
main
economic
activity
,
supporting
thousands
of
jobs
.
Tourism
is
the
island
’
s
main
economic
activity
,
supporting
thousands
of
jobs
.
From
French
économique
and
ultimately
from
Ancient
Greek
oikonomikós
,
relating
to
household
management
,
which
broadened
to
the
modern
sense
of
managing
resources
of
a
state
.
adjective
profitable
or
cost-effective
;
bringing
a
good
return
for
the
money
or
effort
spent
•
It
is
not
economic
to
repair
the
old
printer
,
so
the
office
ordered
a
new
one
.
It
is
not
economic
to
repair
the
old
printer
,
so
the
office
ordered
a
new
one
.
•
Running
night
shifts
became
more
economic
after
electricity
prices
fell
.
Running
night
shifts
became
more
economic
after
electricity
prices
fell
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
managing
resources
wisely
,
later
narrowed
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
actions
that
yield
financial
gain
.
technology
noun
-
technology
,
technologies
the
use
of
scientific
knowledge
to
design
and
build
tools
,
machines
,
and
systems
that
solve
problems
or
make
tasks
easier
•
Modern
technology
allows
us
to
video
chat
with
people
across
the
globe
.
Modern
technology
allows
us
to
video
chat
with
people
across
the
globe
.
•
Farmers
use
advanced
technology
to
water
their
crops
more
efficiently
.
Farmers
use
advanced
technology
to
water
their
crops
more
efficiently
.
From
Ancient
Greek
‘
tekhnología
’
meaning
‘
systematic
treatment
of
an
art
’,
from
‘
tékhne
’ ‘
art
,
skill
’
+
‘
-logía
’ ‘
study
’.
noun
-
technology
,
technologies
a
particular
machine
,
method
,
or
piece
of
equipment
created
through
scientific
knowledge
•
The
new
battery
technology
lets
phones
last
for
two
days
without
charging
.
The
new
battery
technology
lets
phones
last
for
two
days
without
charging
.
•
3D
printing
is
a
technology
that
can
create
objects
layer
by
layer
.
3D
printing
is
a
technology
that
can
create
objects
layer
by
layer
.
Same
origin
as
the
broader
sense
:
Greek
roots
‘
tékhne
’ (
art
,
craft
)
+
‘
-logía
’ (
study
),
later
applied
to
individual
inventions
from
the
mid-19th
century
.
notice
noun
a
written
or
printed
statement
that
gives
information
,
a
warning
,
or
instructions
•
A
bright
yellow
notice
on
the
door
said
the
store
was
closed
for
repairs
.
A
bright
yellow
notice
on
the
door
said
the
store
was
closed
for
repairs
.
•
Students
crowded
around
the
bulletin
board
to
read
the
new
notice
about
the
science
fair
.
Students
crowded
around
the
bulletin
board
to
read
the
new
notice
about
the
science
fair
.
noun
the
period
of
time
between
telling
someone
important
information
and
the
event
actually
happening
or
ending
•
She
quit
her
job
without
giving
any
notice
.
She
quit
her
job
without
giving
any
notice
.
•
You
must
give
two
weeks
’
notice
if
you
plan
to
move
out
of
the
apartment
.
You
must
give
two
weeks
’
notice
if
you
plan
to
move
out
of
the
apartment
.
verb
-
notice
,
noticing
,
notices
,
noticed
to
see
,
hear
,
or
feel
something
and
realize
that
it
exists
;
to
become
aware
of
something
or
someone
•
Did
you
notice
the
rainbow
after
the
storm
?
Did
you
notice
the
rainbow
after
the
storm
?
•
No
one
noticed
the
typo
in
the
headline
.
No
one
noticed
the
typo
in
the
headline
.
noun
-
notice
attention
or
interest
that
you
give
to
someone
or
something
•
The
little
boy
waved
his
arms
to
get
his
mother
’
s
notice
.
The
little
boy
waved
his
arms
to
get
his
mother
’
s
notice
.
•
She
paid
no
notice
to
the
rain
and
kept
jogging
.
She
paid
no
notice
to
the
rain
and
kept
jogging
.
nobody
pronoun
no
person
;
not
anyone
•
Nobody
answered
the
door
when
the
mail
carrier
knocked
.
Nobody
answered
the
door
when
the
mail
carrier
knocked
.
•
After
the
meeting
,
we
realized
nobody
had
written
down
the
final
decision
.
After
the
meeting
,
we
realized
nobody
had
written
down
the
final
decision
.
Formed
from
the
pronoun
“
no
”
+
“
body
”
in
Middle
English
,
originally
meaning
“
no
person
.”
noun
-
nobody
,
nobodies
a
person
who
is
not
important
or
well-known
•
As
a
teenager
,
he
felt
like
a
nobody
in
his
large
school
.
As
a
teenager
,
he
felt
like
a
nobody
in
his
large
school
.
•
The
talent
scout
transformed
a
complete
nobody
into
a
pop
star
.
The
talent
scout
transformed
a
complete
nobody
into
a
pop
star
.
Extended
in
the
16th
century
from
the
pronoun
sense
to
describe
a
person
of
no
importance
.
note
noun
a
short
written
message
or
record
that
helps
you
remember
or
share
information
•
She
left
a
note
on
the
fridge
reminding
him
to
buy
milk
.
She
left
a
note
on
the
fridge
reminding
him
to
buy
milk
.
•
During
class
,
Maria
jotted
a
quick
note
about
the
homework
assignment
.
During
class
,
Maria
jotted
a
quick
note
about
the
homework
assignment
.
From
Latin
‘
nota
’
meaning
‘
mark
’
or
‘
sign
’.
verb
-
note
,
noting
,
notes
,
noted
to
write
something
down
quickly
so
that
you
do
not
forget
it
•
The
journalist
quickly
noted
the
mayor
’
s
response
in
her
notebook
.
The
journalist
quickly
noted
the
mayor
’
s
response
in
her
notebook
.
•
Please
note
the
meeting
time
on
your
calendar
.
Please
note
the
meeting
time
on
your
calendar
.
Verb
sense
‘
to
write
down
’
recorded
since
early
15th
century
.
noun
a
single
musical
sound
with
a
particular
pitch
that
can
be
sung
or
played
•
The
singer
held
the
high
note
perfectly
.
The
singer
held
the
high
note
perfectly
.
•
He
played
the
wrong
note
and
the
song
sounded
off
.
He
played
the
wrong
note
and
the
song
sounded
off
.
Adopted
in
the
13th
century
to
mean
a
musical
sound
,
from
Latin
‘
nota
’
used
by
medieval
musicians
.
noun
a
piece
of
paper
money
of
a
particular
value
•
He
handed
the
cashier
a
ten-pound
note
.
He
handed
the
cashier
a
ten-pound
note
.
•
Grandma
slipped
a
crisp
fifty-pound
note
into
my
birthday
card
.
Grandma
slipped
a
crisp
fifty-pound
note
into
my
birthday
card
.
Sense
of
paper
money
arose
in
18th-century
Britain
from
‘
Bank
of
England
note
’.
verb
-
note
,
noting
,
notes
,
noted
to
notice
or
point
out
something
important
•
The
guide
noted
that
the
castle
was
built
in
the
12th
century
.
The
guide
noted
that
the
castle
was
built
in
the
12th
century
.
•
Scientists
noted
an
increase
in
temperature
during
the
experiment
.
Scientists
noted
an
increase
in
temperature
during
the
experiment
.
Extension
of
verb
meaning
‘
to
write
’
to
‘
to
observe
’
appeared
in
17th
century
.
noun
a
small
amount
of
a
quality
or
feeling
that
is
added
to
something
and
noticed
by
others
•
There
was
a
note
of
excitement
in
his
voice
.
There
was
a
note
of
excitement
in
his
voice
.
•
The
sauce
had
a
subtle
note
of
lemon
.
The
sauce
had
a
subtle
note
of
lemon
.
Figurative
sense
from
16th-century
use
of
‘
note
’
for
‘
distinguishing
mark
’.
economy
noun
-
economy
,
economies
the
system
of
making
,
selling
,
and
using
goods
and
services
in
a
country
or
area
•
The
country's
economy
grew
by
five
percent
last
year
.
The
country's
economy
grew
by
five
percent
last
year
.
•
Tourism
is
vital
to
the
island's
economy
.
Tourism
is
vital
to
the
island's
economy
.
From
Middle
French
économie
,
from
Latin
oeconomia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
oikonomía
“
management
of
a
household
,
administration
,”
from
oîkos
“
house
”
+
némo
“
manage
.”
noun
-
economy
the
practice
of
using
money
,
time
,
or
resources
carefully
so
that
none
is
wasted
•
With
careful
economy
,
the
family
managed
to
save
enough
for
a
vacation
.
With
careful
economy
,
the
family
managed
to
save
enough
for
a
vacation
.
•
The
design
of
the
car
shows
great
economy
of
fuel
.
The
design
of
the
car
shows
great
economy
of
fuel
.
Same
historical
roots
as
the
main
sense
,
but
by
the
late
16th
century
it
was
used
figuratively
for
prudent
management
of
resources
.
adjective
cheap
or
designed
to
cost
less
than
usual
•
We
bought
economy
tickets
to
save
money
on
the
flight
.
We
bought
economy
tickets
to
save
money
on
the
flight
.
•
The
hotel
offers
an
economy
breakfast
option
for
budget
travelers
.
The
hotel
offers
an
economy
breakfast
option
for
budget
travelers
.
Evolved
in
the
early
20th
century
as
an
attributive
use
of
the
noun
,
advertising
products
or
services
aimed
at
cost-conscious
consumers
.
north
noun
-
north
the
direction
toward
the
North
Pole
,
opposite
south
.
•
Linda
looked
at
the
map
to
find
which
way
was
north
.
Linda
looked
at
the
map
to
find
which
way
was
north
.
•
The
compass
needle
always
points
north
.
The
compass
needle
always
points
north
.
adjective
located
in
,
coming
from
,
or
facing
the
north
side
or
area
.
•
They
live
on
the
north
coast
of
Spain
.
They
live
on
the
north
coast
of
Spain
.
•
A
cold
north
wind
blew
across
the
field
.
A
cold
north
wind
blew
across
the
field
.
adverb
toward
or
in
the
direction
of
the
north
.
•
The
birds
flew
north
in
the
spring
.
The
birds
flew
north
in
the
spring
.
•
We
drove
north
for
three
hours
before
stopping
for
lunch
.
We
drove
north
for
three
hours
before
stopping
for
lunch
.
nor
conjunction
used
after
“
neither
”
to
join
two
or
more
negative
ideas
,
meaning
“
and
not
”
•
The
children
wanted
neither
ice
cream
nor
cake
after
dinner
.
The
children
wanted
neither
ice
cream
nor
cake
after
dinner
.
•
Neither
the
rain
nor
the
loud
music
could
spoil
their
picnic
.
Neither
the
rain
nor
the
loud
music
could
spoil
their
picnic
.
adverb
and
not
;
also
not
—
used
at
the
start
of
a
negative
clause
,
often
with
the
verb
before
the
subject
•
The
mayor
did
not
arrive
on
time
,
nor
did
the
deputy
.
The
mayor
did
not
arrive
on
time
,
nor
did
the
deputy
.
•
I
cannot
swim
,
nor
can
I
skate
.
I
cannot
swim
,
nor
can
I
skate
.
normal
adjective
usual
,
typical
,
or
expected
and
not
strange
•
After
a
week
of
rain
,
it
felt
normal
to
see
the
sun
again
.
After
a
week
of
rain
,
it
felt
normal
to
see
the
sun
again
.
•
In
this
restaurant
,
waiting
ten
minutes
for
your
food
is
perfectly
normal
.
In
this
restaurant
,
waiting
ten
minutes
for
your
food
is
perfectly
normal
.
From
Latin
“
normalis
”,
meaning
"
made
according
to
a
carpenter
’
s
square
,
regular
,
usual
".
noun
the
usual
or
expected
state
of
things
•
After
months
of
repairs
,
the
town
finally
returned
to
normal
.
After
months
of
repairs
,
the
town
finally
returned
to
normal
.
•
For
her
,
waking
up
at
5
a
.
m
.
is
the
normal
,
not
the
exception
.
For
her
,
waking
up
at
5
a
.
m
.
is
the
normal
,
not
the
exception
.
Noun
developed
in
the
late
1800s
from
the
adjective
"
normal
".
none
pronoun
-
none
not
any
of
the
people
or
things
being
talked
about
;
not
one
•
There
were
ten
cupcakes
this
morning
,
but
none
are
left
now
.
There
were
ten
cupcakes
this
morning
,
but
none
are
left
now
.
•
The
teacher
asked
for
questions
,
yet
none
of
the
students
raised
their
hands
.
The
teacher
asked
for
questions
,
yet
none
of
the
students
raised
their
hands
.
Old
English
‘
nān
’,
from
‘
ne
’ (
not
)
+
‘
ān
’ (
one
),
literally
“
not
one
”.
adverb
not
at
all
;
to
no
extent
•
He
was
none
too
happy
about
missing
the
train
.
He
was
none
too
happy
about
missing
the
train
.
•
The
soup
was
none
too
hot
after
an
hour
on
the
table
.
The
soup
was
none
too
hot
after
an
hour
on
the
table
.
Same
origin
as
the
pronoun
sense
;
adverbial
use
recorded
since
the
Middle
English
period
.
announce
verb
-
announce
,
announcing
,
announces
,
announced
to
tell
people
about
something
publicly
,
especially
news
or
plans
•
The
company
will
announce
its
new
smartphone
tomorrow
at
noon
.
The
company
will
announce
its
new
smartphone
tomorrow
at
noon
.
•
During
dinner
,
Maria
proudly
announced
that
she
had
won
the
scholarship
.
During
dinner
,
Maria
proudly
announced
that
she
had
won
the
scholarship
.
from
Latin
annuntiare
“
bring
news
,
proclaim
”,
from
ad-
“
to
”
+
nuntiare
“
report
”
verb
-
announce
,
announcing
,
announces
,
announced
to
introduce
someone
or
something
so
that
people
know
who
or
what
is
coming
next
•
The
host
announced
the
next
band
with
great
enthusiasm
.
The
host
announced
the
next
band
with
great
enthusiasm
.
•
Before
the
bride
entered
,
the
usher
announced
her
arrival
to
the
guests
.
Before
the
bride
entered
,
the
usher
announced
her
arrival
to
the
guests
.
verb
-
announce
,
announcing
,
announces
,
announced
in
some
card
games
,
to
declare
a
bid
,
contract
,
or
the
possession
of
certain
cards
•
In
bridge
,
she
confidently
announced
a
small
slam
in
hearts
.
In
bridge
,
she
confidently
announced
a
small
slam
in
hearts
.
•
Players
must
announce
any
special
combinations
before
the
first
trick
is
played
.
Players
must
announce
any
special
combinations
before
the
first
trick
is
played
.
ignore
verb
-
ignore
,
ignoring
,
ignores
,
ignored
to
deliberately
pay
no
attention
to
someone
or
something
•
Emma
chose
to
ignore
her
ringing
phone
during
dinner
.
Emma
chose
to
ignore
her
ringing
phone
during
dinner
.
•
The
dog
kept
barking
,
but
I
tried
to
ignore
it
and
keep
reading
.
The
dog
kept
barking
,
but
I
tried
to
ignore
it
and
keep
reading
.
Mid-18th
century
:
from
French
ignorer
‘
not
know
’,
from
Latin
ignorare
‘
not
know
,
disregard
’.
verb
-
ignore
,
ignoring
,
ignores
,
ignored
(
computing
)
to
instruct
a
program
or
system
to
disregard
specific
input
,
errors
,
or
settings
•
Add
a
hashtag
to
ignore
a
line
in
this
configuration
file
.
Add
a
hashtag
to
ignore
a
line
in
this
configuration
file
.
•
The
compiler
will
ignore
any
warnings
with
the
‘
-w
’
flag
enabled
.
The
compiler
will
ignore
any
warnings
with
the
‘
-w
’
flag
enabled
.
Derived
from
the
general
English
verb
‘
ignore
’;
specialized
sense
in
computing
emerged
in
the
late
20th
century
as
software
allowed
users
to
suppress
or
bypass
certain
inputs
.
governor
noun
the
elected
head
of
government
of
a
U
.
S
.
state
,
a
British
overseas
territory
,
or
another
sub-national
region
•
The
governor
signed
the
new
education
bill
into
law
.
The
governor
signed
the
new
education
bill
into
law
.
•
After
the
election
,
María
became
the
first
female
governor
of
her
state
.
After
the
election
,
María
became
the
first
female
governor
of
her
state
.
From
Latin
‘
gubernātor
’
meaning
‘
steersman
,
ruler
’,
via
Old
French
‘
governeor
’.
noun
British
informal
:
a
friendly
or
respectful
way
to
address
or
refer
to
a
man
in
authority
,
an
employer
,
or
sometimes
any
older
man
•
Thanks
for
the
lift
,
governor
!
Thanks
for
the
lift
,
governor
!
•
Excuse
me
,
governor
,
could
you
tell
me
the
time
?
Excuse
me
,
governor
,
could
you
tell
me
the
time
?
A
shortening
and
relaxed
pronunciation
of
the
formal
word
'governor'
that
began
appearing
in
19th-century
London
slang
.
noun
a
mechanical
or
electronic
device
that
automatically
keeps
the
speed
or
pressure
of
a
machine
within
set
limits
•
The
old
steam
engine
has
a
flyball
governor
to
keep
its
speed
steady
.
The
old
steam
engine
has
a
flyball
governor
to
keep
its
speed
steady
.
•
When
the
governor
failed
,
the
machine
began
to
run
too
fast
and
overheated
.
When
the
governor
failed
,
the
machine
began
to
run
too
fast
and
overheated
.
Sense
extended
from
the
idea
of
a
person
who
governs
to
a
mechanism
that
exercises
control
.
afternoon
noun
the
part
of
the
day
that
starts
just
after
12
noon
and
ends
before
evening
•
We
played
soccer
in
the
park
yesterday
afternoon
.
We
played
soccer
in
the
park
yesterday
afternoon
.
•
I
usually
feel
sleepy
after
lunch
in
the
early
afternoon
.
I
usually
feel
sleepy
after
lunch
in
the
early
afternoon
.
From
Middle
English
after-none
,
literally
“
after
noon
”,
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
.
novel
noun
a
long
written
story
about
imaginary
people
and
events
,
usually
published
as
a
book
•
Carlos
spent
the
weekend
reading
a
gripping
novel
about
time
travel
.
Carlos
spent
the
weekend
reading
a
gripping
novel
about
time
travel
.
•
The
library
’
s
summer
program
encourages
children
to
write
their
own
short
novels
.
The
library
’
s
summer
program
encourages
children
to
write
their
own
short
novels
.
From
Middle
French
‘
novel
’
and
Latin
‘
novellus
’ (“
new
,
fresh
”),
reflecting
the
idea
of
a
‘
new
kind
of
story
’.
adjective
new
,
original
,
or
not
seen
or
used
before
•
The
engineers
proposed
a
novel
solution
to
reduce
energy
consumption
.
The
engineers
proposed
a
novel
solution
to
reduce
energy
consumption
.
•
Her
novel
approach
to
teaching
kept
every
student
engaged
.
Her
novel
approach
to
teaching
kept
every
student
engaged
.
Derived
from
Latin
‘
novellus
’,
diminutive
of
‘
novus
’
meaning
“
new
”.
In
English
,
the
adjective
has
kept
the
sense
of
‘
new
and
unusual
’.
noun
(
historical
,
law
)
a
new
decree
or
statute
,
especially
one
issued
by
Emperor
Justinian
in
6th-century
Byzantine
law
•
The
scholar
translated
the
77th
novel
to
better
understand
Byzantine
legal
reforms
.
The
scholar
translated
the
77th
novel
to
better
understand
Byzantine
legal
reforms
.
•
Justinian
’
s
novels
often
clarified
earlier
,
conflicting
laws
.
Justinian
’
s
novels
often
clarified
earlier
,
conflicting
laws
.
From
Medieval
Latin
‘
novella
constitutio
’ (“
new
decree
”),
shortened
to
‘
novel
’
in
English
legal
scholarship
.
now
adverb
at
this
moment
or
during
the
present
period
of
time
•
I
am
now
ready
to
eat
dinner
.
I
am
now
ready
to
eat
dinner
.
•
It
is
now
raining
,
so
take
an
umbrella
.
It
is
now
raining
,
so
take
an
umbrella
.
adverb
immediately
;
without
delay
•
Come
here
now
or
you'll
miss
the
bus
.
Come
here
now
or
you'll
miss
the
bus
.
•
The
fire
alarm
means
we
must
leave
now
.
The
fire
alarm
means
we
must
leave
now
.
noun
-
now
the
present
moment
or
current
time
•
We
must
live
in
the
now
and
stop
worrying
about
the
past
.
We
must
live
in
the
now
and
stop
worrying
about
the
past
.
•
The
speech
captured
the
mood
of
the
now
.
The
speech
captured
the
mood
of
the
now
.
interjection
used
to
get
someone's
attention
or
to
introduce
a
statement
,
request
,
or
question
•
Now
,
children
,
settle
down
and
listen
.
Now
,
children
,
settle
down
and
listen
.
•
Now
,
what
did
you
want
to
tell
me
?
Now
,
what
did
you
want
to
tell
me
?
adjective
fashionable
or
popular
at
the
present
time
•
Those
bright
neon
sneakers
are
very
now
.
Those
bright
neon
sneakers
are
very
now
.
•
She
decorated
her
apartment
in
a
now
minimalist
style
.
She
decorated
her
apartment
in
a
now
minimalist
style
.
conjunction
since
;
because
•
Now
we
are
all
here
,
we
can
start
dinner
.
Now
we
are
all
here
,
we
can
start
dinner
.
•
Now
you
mention
it
,
I
do
recall
that
day
.
Now
you
mention
it
,
I
do
recall
that
day
.
honor
noun
deep
respect
for
honesty
and
good
moral
character
•
He
always
acts
with
honor
even
when
no
one
is
watching
.
He
always
acts
with
honor
even
when
no
one
is
watching
.
•
Serving
the
community
is
a
matter
of
honor
for
her
family
.
Serving
the
community
is
a
matter
of
honor
for
her
family
.
from
Anglo-French
‘
honur
’,
from
Latin
‘
honor
’
meaning
‘
esteem
,
dignity
’
verb
to
show
great
respect
or
recognition
to
someone
or
something
•
The
city
will
honor
the
firefighters
with
a
parade
.
The
city
will
honor
the
firefighters
with
a
parade
.
•
We
gathered
to
honor
our
teacher
on
her
retirement
.
We
gathered
to
honor
our
teacher
on
her
retirement
.
from
noun
sense
of
‘
honor
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
14th
century
honour
noun
high
respect
shown
through
honest
and
moral
behaviour
•
She
defended
her
family's
honour
in
court
.
She
defended
her
family's
honour
in
court
.
•
For
the
samurai
,
dying
with
honour
was
better
than
living
with
shame
.
For
the
samurai
,
dying
with
honour
was
better
than
living
with
shame
.
from
Middle
English
‘
honour
’,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
‘
honor
’
verb
to
show
great
respect
or
public
recognition
to
someone
or
something
•
The
queen
will
honour
the
athletes
at
the
palace
.
The
queen
will
honour
the
athletes
at
the
palace
.
•
They
planted
a
tree
to
honour
their
late
friend
.
They
planted
a
tree
to
honour
their
late
friend
.
verb
use
traced
to
late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
French
‘
honorer
’
acknowledge
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
accept
or
admit
that
something
is
true
or
exists
•
Mia
finally
acknowledged
that
she
had
made
a
mistake
.
Mia
finally
acknowledged
that
she
had
made
a
mistake
.
•
He
wouldn
’
t
acknowledge
the
problem
even
after
we
showed
him
proof
.
He
wouldn
’
t
acknowledge
the
problem
even
after
we
showed
him
proof
.
From
Middle
English
acknowlechen
,
influenced
by
late
Middle
English
knowlechen
(“
confess
”).
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
show
that
you
have
noticed
someone
or
appreciate
what
they
have
done
•
The
speaker
acknowledged
the
volunteers
for
their
hard
work
.
The
speaker
acknowledged
the
volunteers
for
their
hard
work
.
•
She
smiled
to
acknowledge
his
help
.
She
smiled
to
acknowledge
his
help
.
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
let
someone
know
that
you
have
received
something
such
as
a
letter
,
message
,
or
package
•
Please
acknowledge
this
email
as
soon
as
possible
.
Please
acknowledge
this
email
as
soon
as
possible
.
•
The
office
quickly
acknowledged
my
application
.
The
office
quickly
acknowledged
my
application
.
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
give
a
small
sign
such
as
a
nod
or
smile
to
show
you
have
noticed
someone
•
The
guard
acknowledged
us
with
a
brief
nod
.
The
guard
acknowledged
us
with
a
brief
nod
.
•
She
didn
’
t
even
acknowledge
me
when
I
walked
by
.
She
didn
’
t
even
acknowledge
me
when
I
walked
by
.
minority
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
the
smaller
number
or
part
of
a
whole
;
less
than
half
of
the
people
or
things
in
a
group
•
Only
a
minority
of
voters
supported
the
proposal
.
Only
a
minority
of
voters
supported
the
proposal
.
•
A
small
but
vocal
minority
wanted
the
project
delayed
.
A
small
but
vocal
minority
wanted
the
project
delayed
.
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
a
group
of
people
within
a
larger
population
that
differs
in
ethnicity
,
religion
,
language
,
or
another
characteristic
and
is
smaller
in
number
•
The
museum
celebrates
the
culture
of
the
indigenous
minority
living
in
the
region
.
The
museum
celebrates
the
culture
of
the
indigenous
minority
living
in
the
region
.
•
Ethnic
minorities
sometimes
struggle
for
equal
representation
.
Ethnic
minorities
sometimes
struggle
for
equal
representation
.
noun
-
minority
,
minorities
the
period
or
state
of
being
younger
than
the
age
at
which
a
person
is
legally
considered
an
adult
•
He
inherited
the
estate
during
his
minority
,
so
a
guardian
managed
it
.
He
inherited
the
estate
during
his
minority
,
so
a
guardian
managed
it
.
•
The
contract
is
void
because
she
was
in
her
minority
when
she
signed
it
.
The
contract
is
void
because
she
was
in
her
minority
when
she
signed
it
.
bother
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
annoy
,
disturb
,
or
upset
someone
•
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
•
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
Early
18th
century
,
origin
uncertain
;
perhaps
related
to
Irish
‘
bodhar
’
meaning
‘
deaf
,
dull
’.
nose
noun
the
part
of
the
face
that
sticks
out
above
the
mouth
and
is
used
for
breathing
and
smelling
•
The
puppy
licked
Mia's
nose
and
made
her
giggle
.
The
puppy
licked
Mia's
nose
and
made
her
giggle
.
•
He
rubbed
sunscreen
on
the
bridge
of
his
nose
before
hiking
.
He
rubbed
sunscreen
on
the
bridge
of
his
nose
before
hiking
.
Old
English
‘
nosu
’,
related
to
Dutch
‘
neus
’
and
German
‘
Nase
’.
noun
the
ability
to
smell
things
,
especially
when
it
is
particularly
good
•
The
chef
has
a
keen
nose
for
fresh
herbs
.
The
chef
has
a
keen
nose
for
fresh
herbs
.
•
My
dog's
nose
can
pick
up
the
scent
of
food
from
far
away
.
My
dog's
nose
can
pick
up
the
scent
of
food
from
far
away
.
noun
the
very
front
part
of
an
airplane
,
car
,
rocket
,
or
other
vehicle
•
The
pilot
pointed
the
plane's
nose
toward
the
runway
for
landing
.
The
pilot
pointed
the
plane's
nose
toward
the
runway
for
landing
.
•
A
dent
on
the
nose
of
his
car
needed
repair
.
A
dent
on
the
nose
of
his
car
needed
repair
.
noun
a
natural
ability
to
discover
or
recognize
something
quickly
•
She
has
a
nose for
good
gossip
.
She
has
a
nose for
good
gossip
.
•
Journalists
need
a
sharp
nose for
a
story
.
Journalists
need
a
sharp
nose for
a
story
.
noun
a
very
small
distance
or
amount
,
especially
the
narrow
margin
by
which
someone
wins
•
The
horse
won
the
race
by a nose
.
The
horse
won
the
race
by a nose
.
•
Our
team
beat
the
champions
by a nose
in
the
final
seconds
.
Our
team
beat
the
champions
by a nose
in
the
final
seconds
.
verb
-
nose
,
nosing
,
noses
,
nosed
to
move
or
push
forward
slowly
and
carefully
,
often
with
the
front
part
leading
•
The
boat
nosed
through
the
thick
reeds
toward
the
dock
.
The
boat
nosed
through
the
thick
reeds
toward
the
dock
.
•
She
nosed
her
car
into
the
narrow
parking
space
.
She
nosed
her
car
into
the
narrow
parking
space
.
nod
verb
-
nod
,
nodding
,
nods
,
nodded
to
move
your
head
up
and
down
once
or
several
times
to
say
yes
,
greet
someone
,
or
give
a
silent
signal
•
When
the
teacher
asked
if
they
understood
,
every
student
nodded
.
When
the
teacher
asked
if
they
understood
,
every
student
nodded
.
•
The
security
guard
nodded
to
let
us
pass
through
the
gate
.
The
security
guard
nodded
to
let
us
pass
through
the
gate
.
noun
a
quick
movement
of
the
head
up
and
down
that
shows
agreement
,
greeting
,
or
permission
•
With
a
polite
nod
,
the
waiter
filled
our
glasses
.
With
a
polite
nod
,
the
waiter
filled
our
glasses
.
•
She
gave
me
a
slight
nod
from
across
the
room
.
She
gave
me
a
slight
nod
from
across
the
room
.
verb
-
nod
,
nodding
,
nods
,
nodded
to
let
your
head
fall
forward
slightly
because
you
are
starting
to
fall
asleep
•
The
passenger
kept
nodding
during
the
long
bus
ride
.
The
passenger
kept
nodding
during
the
long
bus
ride
.
•
Grandpa
nodded
in
his
armchair
while
watching
TV
.
Grandpa
nodded
in
his
armchair
while
watching
TV
.
noun
informal
:
approval
,
permission
,
or
a
small
sign
of
respect
or
reference
toward
something
•
The
director's
new
film
is
a
nod
to
classic
noir
movies
.
The
director's
new
film
is
a
nod
to
classic
noir
movies
.
•
She
finally
got
the
nod
from
the
manager
to
start
the
project
.
She
finally
got
the
nod
from
the
manager
to
start
the
project
.
knock
verb
-
knock
,
knocking
,
knocks
,
knocked
to
hit
a
surface
,
especially
a
door
,
to
make
a
short
sound
that
asks
someone
to
pay
attention
or
let
you
in
•
Knock
before
you
enter
,
please
.
Knock
before
you
enter
,
please
.
•
She
heard
someone
knock
loudly
on
the
front
door
during
the
storm
.
She
heard
someone
knock
loudly
on
the
front
door
during
the
storm
.
Middle
English
knoken
,
from
Old
English
cnocian
,
imitative
of
the
sharp
sound
produced
by
striking
.
noun
a
short
sharp
sound
made
when
something
hits
a
hard
surface
•
There
was
a
loud
knock
at
the
door
.
There
was
a
loud
knock
at
the
door
.
•
I
recognised
her
soft
knock
immediately
.
I
recognised
her
soft
knock
immediately
.
verb
-
knock
,
knocking
,
knocks
,
knocked
to
hit
something
or
someone
,
often
by
accident
,
causing
it
to
move
,
fall
,
or
be
damaged
•
Be
careful
not
to
knock
that
vase
off
the
table
.
Be
careful
not
to
knock
that
vase
off
the
table
.
•
The
bus
mirror
knocked
his
shoulder
as
it
passed
.
The
bus
mirror
knocked
his
shoulder
as
it
passed
.
noun
a
hit
or
blow
that
causes
slight
injury
,
damage
,
or
setback
•
He
took
a
knock
to
the
head
during
the
game
.
He
took
a
knock
to
the
head
during
the
game
.
•
The
phone
still
works
despite
a
few
knocks
.
The
phone
still
works
despite
a
few
knocks
.
verb
-
knock
,
knocking
,
knocks
,
knocked
informal
:
to
criticise
or
speak
unfavourably
about
something
or
someone
•
Don
’
t
knock
the
idea
until
you
’
ve
tried
it
.
Don
’
t
knock
the
idea
until
you
’
ve
tried
it
.
•
The
critics
knocked
the
movie
for
its
weak
plot
.
The
critics
knocked
the
movie
for
its
weak
plot
.
noun
a
sharp
repetitive
noise
from
an
engine
caused
by
improper
combustion
•
The
mechanic
said
the
engine
’
s
knock
was
due
to
low-octane
fuel
.
The
mechanic
said
the
engine
’
s
knock
was
due
to
low-octane
fuel
.
•
I
heard
a
metallic
knock
when
I
started
the
car
this
morning
.
I
heard
a
metallic
knock
when
I
started
the
car
this
morning
.
northern
adjective
located
in
or
relating
to
the
north
part
of
a
place
,
country
,
or
the
world
•
They
moved
to
a
northern
town
to
enjoy
cooler
summers
.
They
moved
to
a
northern
town
to
enjoy
cooler
summers
.
•
Polar
bears
live
in
the
northern
areas
of
Canada
.
Polar
bears
live
in
the
northern
areas
of
Canada
.
Old
English
‘
norðerne
’,
from
‘
norð
’
meaning
“
north
”
+
‘
-ern
’
adjective
suffix
.
adjective
facing
,
pointing
toward
,
or
moving
in
the
direction
of
the
north
•
Our
tent's
entrance
is
on
the
northern
side
to
catch
the
morning
sun
.
Our
tent's
entrance
is
on
the
northern
side
to
catch
the
morning
sun
.
•
The
sailors
adjusted
the
sails
to
follow
a
northern
course
.
The
sailors
adjusted
the
sails
to
follow
a
northern
course
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
‘
northern
’
meaning
“
toward
the
north
,”
used
for
directions
since
Middle
English
times
.
notion
noun
an
idea
,
belief
,
or
understanding
about
something
.
•
Ella
had
no
notion
of
how
difficult
the
hike
would
be
.
Ella
had
no
notion
of
how
difficult
the
hike
would
be
.
•
The
notion
that
the
Earth
is
flat
has
been
disproved
for
centuries
.
The
notion
that
the
Earth
is
flat
has
been
disproved
for
centuries
.
From
Latin
nōtiō
‘
a
becoming
acquainted
,
idea
’,
from
nōtus
‘
known
’.
noun
a
sudden
desire
or
impulse
to
do
something
.
•
I
woke
up
with
a
notion
to
bake
cookies
for
everyone
.
I
woke
up
with
a
notion
to
bake
cookies
for
everyone
.
•
He
suddenly
got
the
notion
to
call
his
childhood
friend
.
He
suddenly
got
the
notion
to
call
his
childhood
friend
.
Extension
of
the
older
sense
“
idea
”
to
mean
an
idea
that
prompts
immediate
action
.
noun
a
small
,
useful
item
used
in
sewing
,
such
as
a
button
,
pin
,
or
thread
.
•
The
craft
store
has
an
aisle
devoted
to
sewing
notions
.
The
craft
store
has
an
aisle
devoted
to
sewing
notions
.
•
She
keeps
her
notions
organized
in
a
clear
plastic
box
.
She
keeps
her
notions
organized
in
a
clear
plastic
box
.
In
U
.
S
.
trade
catalogs
of
the
18th–19th
centuries
, ‘
notions
’
referred
to
inexpensive
small
articles
sold
by
traveling
peddlers
,
later
narrowing
to
sewing
supplies
.
snow
noun
-
snow
soft
white
ice
crystals
that
fall
from
the
sky
in
cold
weather
and
often
cover
the
ground
•
The
children
built
a
huge
snowman
in
the
front
yard
.
The
children
built
a
huge
snowman
in
the
front
yard
.
•
Fresh
snow
sparkled
under
the
streetlights
at
dawn
.
Fresh
snow
sparkled
under
the
streetlights
at
dawn
.
Old
English
“
snāw
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
“
*snaiwaz
”,
related
to
German
“
Schnee
”
and
Dutch
“
sneeuw
”.
verb
(
of
the
weather
)
to
send
down
snowflakes
from
the
sky
•
It
rarely
snows
in
this
desert
city
.
It
rarely
snows
in
this
desert
city
.
•
If
it
snows
tonight
,
school
will
be
closed
tomorrow
.
If
it
snows
tonight
,
school
will
be
closed
tomorrow
.
Verb
use
is
from
Old
English
“
snīwan
”,
derived
from
the
noun
“
snāw
”.
noise
noun
-
noise
,
noising
,
noises
,
noised
,
noisy
,
noisier
,
noisiest
a
sound
,
especially
one
that
is
loud
,
unpleasant
,
or
unwanted
•
The
construction
site
made
so
much
noise
that
I
couldn
’
t
sleep
.
The
construction
site
made
so
much
noise
that
I
couldn
’
t
sleep
.
•
Please
keep
the
noise
down
in
the
library
.
Please
keep
the
noise
down
in
the
library
.
From
Old
French
“
noise
”
meaning
quarrel
or
uproar
,
later
“
sound
.”
noun
-
noise
,
noising
,
noises
,
noised
,
noisy
,
noisier
,
noisiest
random
or
unwanted
signals
that
interfere
with
the
main
information
in
electronics
,
radio
,
or
data
•
The
old
radio
hissed
with
background
noise
when
we
tuned
it
.
The
old
radio
hissed
with
background
noise
when
we
tuned
it
.
•
Engineers
filtered
out
electrical
noise
to
get
a
clear
signal
.
Engineers
filtered
out
electrical
noise
to
get
a
clear
signal
.
Technical
use
developed
in
the
20th
century
by
analogy
with
unwanted
sounds
.
verb
-
noise
,
noising
,
noises
,
noised
to
spread
news
or
a
rumor
widely
,
especially
in
a
public
or
noticeable
way
•
The
scandal
was
quickly
noised about
the
town
.
The
scandal
was
quickly
noised about
the
town
.
•
His
victory
was
noised abroad
before
the
official
count
was
finished
.
His
victory
was
noised abroad
before
the
official
count
was
finished
.
From
the
noun
sense
“
uproar
,”
later
extended
in
the
16th
century
to
mean
“
talk
loudly
about
.”
anonymous
adjective
having
a
name
that
is
not
known
or
not
given
•
The
charity
received
an
anonymous
donation
of
one
million
dollars
.
The
charity
received
an
anonymous
donation
of
one
million
dollars
.
•
An
anonymous
caller
warned
the
police
about
the
fire
.
An
anonymous
caller
warned
the
police
about
the
fire
.
From
Greek
an-
“
without
”
+
ónoma
“
name
,”
via
Latin
anonymus
and
French
anonyme
.
adjective
lacking
any
special
or
recognizable
features
,
so
as
not
to
stand
out
•
The
hallway
was
lined
with
anonymous
gray
doors
that
all
looked
the
same
.
The
hallway
was
lined
with
anonymous
gray
doors
that
all
looked
the
same
.
•
He
lives
in
an
anonymous
apartment
block
on
the
outskirts
of
the
city
.
He
lives
in
an
anonymous
apartment
block
on
the
outskirts
of
the
city
.
From
Greek
an-
“
without
”
+
ónoma
“
name
,”
reflecting
the
idea
of
something
without
identity
or
character
.
adjective
(
computing
)
allowing
a
user
to
act
or
communicate
without
revealing
their
identity
•
I
browsed
the
web
in
anonymous
mode
to
avoid
leaving
tracking
data
.
I
browsed
the
web
in
anonymous
mode
to
avoid
leaving
tracking
data
.
•
Some
forums
allow
users
to
post
anonymous
comments
without
registering
.
Some
forums
allow
users
to
post
anonymous
comments
without
registering
.
Extended
from
the
general
meaning
of
‘
without
a
name
’
to
digital
contexts
in
the
late
20th
century
.
Anonymous
noun
-
Anonymous
an
informal
,
loosely
organized
international
group
of
hacktivists
known
for
cyber
attacks
and
online
protests
•
Anonymous
claimed
responsibility
for
the
cyberattack
on
the
government
website
.
Anonymous
claimed
responsibility
for
the
cyberattack
on
the
government
website
.
•
Members
of
Anonymous
wear
Guy
Fawkes
masks
during
protests
.
Members
of
Anonymous
wear
Guy
Fawkes
masks
during
protests
.
The
group
adopted
the
name
from
imageboard
culture
in
the
early
2000s
,
where
posts
by
unknown
users
were
labeled
“
Anonymous
.”
enormous
adjective
extremely
large
in
physical
size
,
amount
,
or
number
.
•
The
blue
whale
is
an
enormous
animal
,
stretching
longer
than
a
city
bus
.
The
blue
whale
is
an
enormous
animal
,
stretching
longer
than
a
city
bus
.
•
They
ordered
an
enormous
pizza
that
barely
fit
through
the
doorway
when
it
was
delivered
.
They
ordered
an
enormous
pizza
that
barely
fit
through
the
doorway
when
it
was
delivered
.
From
Late
Latin
enormis
meaning
‘
irregular
,
huge
’,
from
Latin
e-
‘
out
of
’
+
norm-
‘
rule
,
pattern
’.
The
sense
of
‘
very
large
’
developed
in
English
during
the
16th
century
.
adjective
very
great
in
degree
,
intensity
,
or
importance
.
•
She
felt
an
enormous
relief
when
the
exam
was
finally
over
.
She
felt
an
enormous
relief
when
the
exam
was
finally
over
.
•
The
scientist
’
s
discovery
had
an
enormous
impact
on
medical
research
.
The
scientist
’
s
discovery
had
an
enormous
impact
on
medical
research
.
From
Late
Latin
enormis
meaning
‘
irregular
,
huge
’,
later
used
figuratively
for
anything
out
of
the
ordinary
or
exceedingly
great
.
innocent
adjective
not
guilty
of
breaking
the
law
or
of
doing
something
wrong
•
The
jury
found
the
young
man
innocent
after
only
an
hour
of
discussion
.
The
jury
found
the
young
man
innocent
after
only
an
hour
of
discussion
.
•
She
insisted
she
was
innocent
of
all
the
charges
against
her
.
She
insisted
she
was
innocent
of
all
the
charges
against
her
.
adjective
not
intended
to
cause
harm
;
harmless
•
It
was
only
an
innocent
joke
,
but
he
took
it
seriously
.
It
was
only
an
innocent
joke
,
but
he
took
it
seriously
.
•
The
doctor
assured
her
it
was
an
innocent
rash
that
would
fade
quickly
.
The
doctor
assured
her
it
was
an
innocent
rash
that
would
fade
quickly
.
adjective
having
little
experience
of
the
world
and
believing
people
are
good
and
honest
•
As
a
freshman
,
he
was
too
innocent
to
see
the
prank
coming
.
As
a
freshman
,
he
was
too
innocent
to
see
the
prank
coming
.
•
The
innocent
child
trusted
everyone
she
met
.
The
innocent
child
trusted
everyone
she
met
.
noun
a
person
who
has
done
nothing
wrong
or
who
is
naive
and
unsuspecting
•
War
often
harms
the
innocent
more
than
the
guilty
.
War
often
harms
the
innocent
more
than
the
guilty
.
•
The
story
follows
an
innocent
who
wanders
into
a
corrupt
city
.
The
story
follows
an
innocent
who
wanders
into
a
corrupt
city
.
normally
adverb
usually
or
in
most
situations
•
We
normally
eat
dinner
at
six
o'clock
.
We
normally
eat
dinner
at
six
o'clock
.
•
It
normally
takes
me
half
an
hour
to
walk
to
work
.
It
normally
takes
me
half
an
hour
to
walk
to
work
.
adverb
in
a
regular
,
healthy
,
or
proper
way
•
After
the
repair
,
the
machine
is
functioning
normally
again
.
After
the
repair
,
the
machine
is
functioning
normally
again
.
•
She
could
not
breathe
normally
after
running
up
the
stairs
.
She
could
not
breathe
normally
after
running
up
the
stairs
.
nowhere
adverb
in
or
to
no
place
at
all
;
not
anywhere
•
I
looked
for
my
keys
,
but
they
were
nowhere
to
be
seen
.
I
looked
for
my
keys
,
but
they
were
nowhere
to
be
seen
.
•
When
the
streetlights
went
out
,
the
town
felt
like
the
middle
of
nowhere
.
When
the
streetlights
went
out
,
the
town
felt
like
the
middle
of
nowhere
.
From
Middle
English
"
nowher
",
a
compound
of
"
no
"
+
"
where
",
dating
back
to
Old
English
"
nāhwǣr
".
noun
an
isolated
or
insignificant
place
;
a
place
lacking
importance
•
After
college
he
moved
to
a
tiny
nowhere
in
the
desert
to
find
peace
.
After
college
he
moved
to
a
tiny
nowhere
in
the
desert
to
find
peace
.
•
My
hometown
was
a
real
nowhere
,
but
I
loved
its
quiet
charm
.
My
hometown
was
a
real
nowhere
,
but
I
loved
its
quiet
charm
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
the
adverb
,
first
attested
in
the
late
19th
century
.
phenomenon
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
something
that
can
be
seen
,
felt
,
or
measured
,
especially
when
it
is
unusual
or
hard
to
explain
•
Tourists
huddled
under
blankets
to
watch
the
Northern
Lights
,
a
natural
phenomenon
of
swirling
green
and
purple
light
across
the
sky
.
Tourists
huddled
under
blankets
to
watch
the
Northern
Lights
,
a
natural
phenomenon
of
swirling
green
and
purple
light
across
the
sky
.
•
The
sudden
disappearance
of
honeybees
is
a
worrying
phenomenon
that
scientists
are
racing
to
understand
.
The
sudden
disappearance
of
honeybees
is
a
worrying
phenomenon
that
scientists
are
racing
to
understand
.
from
Greek
phainomenon
‘
thing
appearing
to
view
’,
from
phainein
‘
to
show
’
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
a
person
or
thing
that
is
extremely
impressive
,
successful
,
or
popular
•
The
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
phenomenon
,
defeating
grandmasters
twice
his
age
.
The
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
phenomenon
,
defeating
grandmasters
twice
his
age
.
•
The
small
indie
film
turned
into
a
global
phenomenon
,
topping
box-office
charts
for
weeks
.
The
small
indie
film
turned
into
a
global
phenomenon
,
topping
box-office
charts
for
weeks
.
extension
of
the
main
sense
‘
remarkable
thing
observed
’
to
describe
outstanding
people
or
trends
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
in
philosophy
,
a
thing
as
it
appears
to
and
is
experienced
by
the
senses
,
not
necessarily
as
it
is
in
itself
•
The
professor
explained
that
the
rainbow
we
see
is
a
phenomenon
,
while
the
real
properties
of
light
exist
independently
of
our
sight
.
The
professor
explained
that
the
rainbow
we
see
is
a
phenomenon
,
while
the
real
properties
of
light
exist
independently
of
our
sight
.
•
According
to
Kant
,
the
tree
in
front
of
you
is
a
phenomenon
shaped
by
your
senses
and
mind
.
According
to
Kant
,
the
tree
in
front
of
you
is
a
phenomenon
shaped
by
your
senses
and
mind
.
adopted
into
philosophical
use
in
the
18th
century
,
especially
by
Immanuel
Kant
,
to
contrast
with
‘
noumenon
’,
the
thing-in-itself
not
adverb
used
to
make
a
word
,
phrase
,
or
whole
sentence
negative
•
I
am
not
ready
yet
.
I
am
not
ready
yet
.
•
They
have
not
finished
their
homework
.
They
have
not
finished
their
homework
.
Old
English
"
nōt
",
contraction
of
"
ne
wāt
"
meaning
"
does
not
know
";
later
generalized
as
the
universal
negative
particle
.
adverb
used
in
short
answers
to
give
a
negative
reply
without
repeating
all
the
words
of
the
question
•
"
Will
it
rain
today
?" — "
I
hope
not
."
"
Will
it
rain
today
?" — "
I
hope
not
."
•
"
Did
you
break
the
vase
?" — "
Certainly
not
!"
"
Did
you
break
the
vase
?" — "
Certainly
not
!"
interjection
said
after
a
statement
to
show
that
you
are
joking
and
actually
mean
the
opposite
•
That
was
the
best
concert
ever
—
not
!
That
was
the
best
concert
ever
—
not
!
•
Oh
yes
,
I
love
waking
up
at
5
a
.
m
.,
not
!
Oh
yes
,
I
love
waking
up
at
5
a
.
m
.,
not
!
minor
adjective
small
in
size
,
amount
,
or
importance
;
not
serious
or
major
•
Don't
worry
,
it's
just
a
minor
cut
on
your
finger
.
Don't
worry
,
it's
just
a
minor
cut
on
your
finger
.
•
The
mechanic
finished
the
minor
repairs
in
less
than
an
hour
.
The
mechanic
finished
the
minor
repairs
in
less
than
an
hour
.
From
Latin
minor
“
smaller
,
less
,”
the
comparative
of
parvus
“
small
.”
noun
a
person
who
is
younger
than
the
legal
age
of
adulthood
•
Because
Josh
is
a
minor
,
he
cannot
vote
yet
.
Because
Josh
is
a
minor
,
he
cannot
vote
yet
.
•
The
club
requires
any
minor
to
leave
after
10
p
.
m
.
The
club
requires
any
minor
to
leave
after
10
p
.
m
.
Legal
sense
developed
in
Middle
English
from
Latin
minor
meaning
“
younger
.”
noun
a
secondary
subject
that
a
college
or
university
student
studies
in
addition
to
their
main
subject
,
called
a
major
•
Maria
is
majoring
in
biology
and
taking
a
minor
in
psychology
.
Maria
is
majoring
in
biology
and
taking
a
minor
in
psychology
.
•
He
chose
history
as
his
minor
to
complement
his
business
degree
.
He
chose
history
as
his
minor
to
complement
his
business
degree
.
Academic
sense
arose
in
U
.
S
.
universities
in
the
early
20th
century
by
analogy
with
the
existing
term
major
.
adjective
describing
a
musical
key
,
scale
,
or
chord
that
has
a
lowered
third
note
and
often
sounds
sad
or
serious
•
The
composer
wrote
the
whole
symphony
in
D
minor
.
The
composer
wrote
the
whole
symphony
in
D
minor
.
•
I
love
the
haunting
sound
of
a
minor
chord
.
I
love
the
haunting
sound
of
a
minor
chord
.
Applied
to
music
since
the
17th
century
,
contrasting
with
major
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
determinant
of
a
smaller
square
matrix
formed
by
deleting
one
row
and
one
column
from
a
larger
matrix
•
To
find
the
inverse
,
calculate
each
minor
of
the
matrix
.
To
find
the
inverse
,
calculate
each
minor
of
the
matrix
.
•
The
professor
asked
us
to
expand
the
determinant
using
its
minor
.
The
professor
asked
us
to
expand
the
determinant
using
its
minor
.
Mathematical
sense
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
from
Latin
minor
“
smaller
.”
unknown
adjective
-
unknown
,
unknowning
,
unknowns
,
unknowned
not
known
,
familiar
,
or
identified
•
At
the
museum
,
the
scientists
examined
an
unknown
species
of
beetle
preserved
in
amber
.
At
the
museum
,
the
scientists
examined
an
unknown
species
of
beetle
preserved
in
amber
.
•
The
travelers
walked
down
an
unknown
path
that
led
deep
into
the
forest
.
The
travelers
walked
down
an
unknown
path
that
led
deep
into
the
forest
.
noun
-
unknown
,
unknowning
,
unknowns
,
unknowned
a
person
,
thing
,
place
,
or
fact
that
is
not
known
or
understood
•
For
the
detective
,
the
thief
was
still
an
unknown
who
left
no
clues
behind
.
For
the
detective
,
the
thief
was
still
an
unknown
who
left
no
clues
behind
.
•
In
the
algebra
problem
,
x
is
the
unknown
you
must
solve
for
.
In
the
algebra
problem
,
x
is
the
unknown
you
must
solve
for
.
innovation
noun
a
new
idea
,
product
,
or
way
of
doing
something
that
has
not
existed
before
•
The
company
released
an
innovation
that
lets
smartphones
fold
like
books
.
The
company
released
an
innovation
that
lets
smartphones
fold
like
books
.
•
Solar-powered
backpacks
are
an
exciting
innovation
for
hikers
who
need
to
charge
devices
on
the
trail
.
Solar-powered
backpacks
are
an
exciting
innovation
for
hikers
who
need
to
charge
devices
on
the
trail
.
From
Latin
innovātiō
(“
renewal
”),
from
innovō
(“
I
renew
,
alter
”).
noun
the
act
or
process
of
introducing
new
ideas
,
methods
,
or
things
•
Innovation
drives
economic
growth
and
creates
new
jobs
.
Innovation
drives
economic
growth
and
creates
new
jobs
.
•
The
school
encourages
innovation
by
letting
students
design
their
own
science
projects
.
The
school
encourages
innovation
by
letting
students
design
their
own
science
projects
.
economics
noun
the
social
science
that
studies
how
people
,
businesses
,
and
governments
choose
to
use
limited
resources
like
money
,
labor
,
and
land
•
Maria
decided
to
major
in
economics
at
university
because
she
loves
solving
real-world
problems
.
Maria
decided
to
major
in
economics
at
university
because
she
loves
solving
real-world
problems
.
•
Our
high
school
teacher
made
economics
fun
by
letting
us
run
a
mock
store
.
Our
high
school
teacher
made
economics
fun
by
letting
us
run
a
mock
store
.
From
the
Ancient
Greek
oikonomikós
(
relating
to
household
management
)
via
Latin
oeconomicus
and
French
économie
,
originally
referring
to
household
management
before
broadening
to
the
study
of
resources
in
society
.
noun
the
money-related
factors
that
decide
whether
a
plan
,
business
,
or
activity
is
practical
or
profitable
•
The
economics
of
opening
a
café
downtown
just
don't
add
up
right
now
.
The
economics
of
opening
a
café
downtown
just
don't
add
up
right
now
.
•
They
studied
the
economics
of
recycling
plastic
bottles
for
the
project
.
They
studied
the
economics
of
recycling
plastic
bottles
for
the
project
.
Extension
of
the
academic
sense
of
economics
to
practical
monetary
considerations
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
economist
noun
a
person
who
studies
or
is
an
expert
in
economics
,
especially
how
money
,
markets
,
and
trade
work
•
The
economist
explained
how
rising
interest
rates
could
slow
inflation
.
The
economist
explained
how
rising
interest
rates
could
slow
inflation
.
•
As
an
economist
,
she
spends
her
days
analyzing
data
about
consumer
spending
.
As
an
economist
,
she
spends
her
days
analyzing
data
about
consumer
spending
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
French
économiste
,
from
économie
“
economy
”,
ultimately
from
Greek
oikonomía
“
household
management
”.
nomination
noun
the
act
of
formally
suggesting
someone
or
something
for
a
job
,
election
,
prize
,
or
other
position
of
honor
•
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
•
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
nominatio
‘
a
naming
’.
noun
a
written
instruction
naming
the
person
who
will
receive
money
or
other
benefits
from
an
account
,
insurance
policy
,
or
investment
if
the
holder
dies
•
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
•
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
naming
’
in
the
late
19th
century
banking
and
insurance
practices
.
norm
noun
the
usual
or
expected
standard
of
behaviour
,
situation
,
or
amount
•
In
many
cities
,
riding
a
bike
to
work
is
now
the
norm
.
In
many
cities
,
riding
a
bike
to
work
is
now
the
norm
.
•
The
teacher
explained
that
asking
questions
during
class
was
the
norm
and
encouraged
everyone
to
speak
up
.
The
teacher
explained
that
asking
questions
during
class
was
the
norm
and
encouraged
everyone
to
speak
up
.
From
Latin
norma
“
carpenter
’
s
square
,
rule
”,
later
“
standard
,
pattern
”.
noun
a
rule
or
expectation
that
guides
how
people
should
behave
in
a
particular
group
or
society
•
In
that
culture
,
removing
your
shoes
before
entering
a
house
is
a
common
social
norm
.
In
that
culture
,
removing
your
shoes
before
entering
a
house
is
a
common
social
norm
.
•
Whispering
in
libraries
is
a
norm
that
helps
everyone
concentrate
.
Whispering
in
libraries
is
a
norm
that
helps
everyone
concentrate
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
a
function
that
gives
the
length
or
size
of
a
vector
,
matrix
,
or
other
mathematical
object
•
The
professor
asked
the
students
to
calculate
the
Euclidean
norm
of
the
vector
.
The
professor
asked
the
students
to
calculate
the
Euclidean
norm
of
the
vector
.
•
Software
engineers
often
normalize
data
by
dividing
by
the
norm
of
each
vector
.
Software
engineers
often
normalize
data
by
dividing
by
the
norm
of
each
vector
.
announcement
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
that
gives
people
important
or
new
information
•
The
principal
made
an
announcement
that
school
would
close
early
because
of
snow
.
The
principal
made
an
announcement
that
school
would
close
early
because
of
snow
.
•
A
loudspeaker
announcement
at
the
airport
told
passengers
to
board
the
plane
.
A
loudspeaker
announcement
at
the
airport
told
passengers
to
board
the
plane
.
from
announce
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
15th
century
,
borrowing
from
French
"
annoncement
"
noun
-
announcement
the
act
of
officially
telling
people
something
•
The
sudden
announcement
of
the
results
filled
the
room
with
cheers
.
The
sudden
announcement
of
the
results
filled
the
room
with
cheers
.
•
Her
parents
’
announcement
that
they
were
moving
shocked
her
.
Her
parents
’
announcement
that
they
were
moving
shocked
her
.
same
origin
as
the
countable
sense
,
from
Middle
French
“
annoncement
”,
meaning
the
act
of
proclaiming
diagnosis
noun
-
diagnosis
,
diagnoses
the
act
of
finding
out
exactly
what
illness
or
medical
condition
someone
has
by
examining
their
symptoms
and
test
results
•
After
several
tests
,
the
doctor
finally
made
a
diagnosis
of
pneumonia
.
After
several
tests
,
the
doctor
finally
made
a
diagnosis
of
pneumonia
.
•
Early
diagnosis
can
greatly
improve
the
chances
of
recovery
.
Early
diagnosis
can
greatly
improve
the
chances
of
recovery
.
From
Greek
diagnōsis
‘
discernment
,
distinguishing
’,
from
dia
‘
apart
’
+
gnōsis
‘
knowledge
’.
noun
-
diagnosis
,
diagnoses
the
act
of
discovering
and
naming
the
cause
of
a
problem
,
fault
,
or
difficult
situation
•
The
mechanic's
quick
diagnosis
saved
us
hours
on
the
roadside
.
The
mechanic's
quick
diagnosis
saved
us
hours
on
the
roadside
.
•
A
clear
diagnosis
of
the
software
bug
helped
the
team
fix
it
in
minutes
.
A
clear
diagnosis
of
the
software
bug
helped
the
team
fix
it
in
minutes
.
Extended
from
its
medical
sense
to
general
problem-solving
contexts
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
donor
noun
a
person
who
freely
gives
money
,
goods
,
or
other
help
to
an
individual
,
group
,
or
cause
•
The
museum
thanked
every
donor
who
contributed
to
the
new
art
wing
.
The
museum
thanked
every
donor
who
contributed
to
the
new
art
wing
.
•
A
single
generous
donor
paid
for
the
village
’
s
clean-water
well
.
A
single
generous
donor
paid
for
the
village
’
s
clean-water
well
.
From
Latin
‘
donator
’
meaning
‘
giver
’,
from
‘
donare
’ “
to
give
”.
noun
a
person
who
gives
part
of
their
body
,
blood
,
or
other
biological
material
to
help
someone
else
•
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
survived
thanks
to
a
liver
donor
.
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
survived
thanks
to
a
liver
donor
.
•
Blood
banks
encourage
regular
donors
to
give
every
eight
weeks
.
Blood
banks
encourage
regular
donors
to
give
every
eight
weeks
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
specialized
medical
use
emerged
in
the
20th
century
.
noun
in
science
,
an
atom
,
molecule
,
or
material
that
gives
electrons
,
protons
,
or
energy
to
another
•
In
a
semiconductor
,
a
phosphorus
atom
acts
as
an
electron
donor
.
In
a
semiconductor
,
a
phosphorus
atom
acts
as
an
electron
donor
.
•
Hydrogen
chloride
is
a
proton
donor
in
acid–base
reactions
.
Hydrogen
chloride
is
a
proton
donor
in
acid–base
reactions
.
Technical
sense
extended
from
the
general
meaning
of
“
giver
”
to
particles
and
molecules
in
the
late
19th
century
.
nominee
noun
a
person
who
has
been
formally
suggested
or
chosen
to
receive
an
honor
,
prize
,
or
position
,
especially
one
selected
as
a
candidate
for
public
office
•
After
months
of
campaigning
,
Maria
was
officially
named
the
party's
nominee
for
mayor
.
After
months
of
campaigning
,
Maria
was
officially
named
the
party's
nominee
for
mayor
.
•
The
film
’
s
director
grinned
when
his
movie
became
a
nominee
for
Best
Picture
at
the
international
awards
ceremony
.
The
film
’
s
director
grinned
when
his
movie
became
a
nominee
for
Best
Picture
at
the
international
awards
ceremony
.
from
French
nominé
,
past
participle
of
nominer
“
to
name
,”
originally
from
Latin
nominare
“
to
call
by
name
”
noun
a
person
or
company
named
to
hold
assets
or
securities
on
behalf
of
the
real
owner
,
often
for
confidentiality
or
administrative
convenience
•
For
privacy
reasons
,
the
investor
registered
his
shares
under
a
nominee
company
.
For
privacy
reasons
,
the
investor
registered
his
shares
under
a
nominee
company
.
•
The
bank
acts
as
a
nominee
for
thousands
of
small
shareholders
,
streamlining
dividend
payments
.
The
bank
acts
as
a
nominee
for
thousands
of
small
shareholders
,
streamlining
dividend
payments
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
:
French
nominé
“
named
person
,”
extended
in
finance
to
mean
a
person
named
to
act
on
behalf
of
another
.
nonprofit
noun
an
organization
that
does
not
try
to
earn
money
for
owners
but
uses
any
extra
funds
to
achieve
a
social
,
charitable
,
or
public
benefit
goal
•
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
•
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
Formed
from
the
prefix
“
non-
”
meaning
“
not
”
and
“
profit
,”
first
appearing
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
charitable
corporations
.
adjective
not
seeking
to
make
a
financial
profit
for
private
owners
or
shareholders
•
He
works
for
a
nonprofit
theatre
company
that
stages
free
plays
.
He
works
for
a
nonprofit
theatre
company
that
stages
free
plays
.
•
The
city
partnered
with
a
nonprofit
group
to
plant
more
trees
downtown
.
The
city
partnered
with
a
nonprofit
group
to
plant
more
trees
downtown
.
Derived
from
the
noun
use
of
“
nonprofit
,”
first
used
adjectivally
to
modify
nouns
like
“
organization
”
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
diagnose
verb
-
diagnose
,
diagnosing
,
diagnoses
,
diagnosed
to
discover
exactly
what
illness
or
medical
condition
someone
has
by
examining
them
and
their
test
results
•
After
several
scans
,
the
doctor
could
finally
diagnose
Olivia
with
pneumonia
.
After
several
scans
,
the
doctor
could
finally
diagnose
Olivia
with
pneumonia
.
•
Early
tests
allowed
the
pediatrician
to
diagnose
the
baby
’
s
ear
infection
before
it
grew
worse
.
Early
tests
allowed
the
pediatrician
to
diagnose
the
baby
’
s
ear
infection
before
it
grew
worse
.
From
Greek
diagnōsis
“
discernment
,
distinguishing
”,
formed
from
dia-
“
through
,
apart
”
+
gignōskein
“
to
know
”.
verb
-
diagnose
,
diagnosing
,
diagnoses
,
diagnosed
to
find
out
the
cause
of
a
problem
or
fault
in
a
machine
,
system
,
or
situation
by
examining
the
signs
•
The
mechanic
used
a
computer
scanner
to
diagnose
the
issue
with
the
car
’
s
engine
.
The
mechanic
used
a
computer
scanner
to
diagnose
the
issue
with
the
car
’
s
engine
.
•
IT
staff
worked
late
to
diagnose
the
network
outage
affecting
the
whole
office
.
IT
staff
worked
late
to
diagnose
the
network
outage
affecting
the
whole
office
.
Extended
from
the
medical
sense
to
machines
and
systems
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
reflecting
the
analogy
between
a
doctor
finding
disease
and
a
technician
finding
faults
.
piano
noun
a
large
keyboard
musical
instrument
whose
keys
cause
felt-covered
hammers
to
strike
tuned
metal
strings
,
producing
rich
,
ringing
sounds
•
Emily
practiced
the
piano
for
an
hour
before
dinner
.
Emily
practiced
the
piano
for
an
hour
before
dinner
.
•
The
piano
in
the
school
auditorium
was
recently
tuned
.
The
piano
in
the
school
auditorium
was
recently
tuned
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
1800s
from
the
Italian
‘
pianoforte
’,
short
for
‘
gravicembalo
col
piano
e
forte
’ (“
harpsichord
with
soft
and
loud
”),
referring
to
the
instrument
’
s
ability
to
vary
volume
.
adverb
in
music
,
softly
;
to
be
played
or
sung
at
a
low
volume
•
The
composer
marks
the
first
bars
piano
to
create
a
gentle
mood
.
The
composer
marks
the
first
bars
piano
to
create
a
gentle
mood
.
•
Start
piano
then
build
to
a
powerful
climax
.
Start
piano
then
build
to
a
powerful
climax
.
From
Italian
‘
piano
’
meaning
‘
soft
’,
used
in
musical
notation
since
the
18th
century
.
nonetheless
adverb
in
spite
of
what
has
just
been
said
or
done
;
despite
that
•
It
was
pouring
with
rain
;
nonetheless
,
they
set
off
for
a
walk
in
the
park
.
It
was
pouring
with
rain
;
nonetheless
,
they
set
off
for
a
walk
in
the
park
.
•
The
start-up
lacked
funding
,
but
the
team
pressed
on
nonetheless
with
their
prototype
.
The
start-up
lacked
funding
,
but
the
team
pressed
on
nonetheless
with
their
prototype
.
formed
in
the
19th
century
by
combining
none
+
the
+
less
,
modeled
on
nevertheless
technological
adjective
relating
to
,
involving
,
or
resulting
from
modern
technology
,
machines
,
or
scientific
methods
•
The
company
invested
heavily
in
technological
innovation
to
stay
ahead
of
its
competitors
.
The
company
invested
heavily
in
technological
innovation
to
stay
ahead
of
its
competitors
.
•
Some
rural
areas
still
lack
the
technological
infrastructure
needed
for
high-speed
internet
.
Some
rural
areas
still
lack
the
technological
infrastructure
needed
for
high-speed
internet
.
From
technology
+
-ical
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
as
industrial
inventions
accelerated
during
the
Industrial
Revolution
.
known
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
past
participle
of
know
,
used
to
talk
about
things
that
have
been
learned
or
discovered
,
especially
in
perfect
tenses
and
passive
sentences
•
I
have
never
known
such
kindness
before
.
I
have
never
known
such
kindness
before
.
•
She
has
known
him
since
they
were
children
.
She
has
known
him
since
they
were
children
.
adjective
familiar
to
many
people
or
clearly
recognized
and
acknowledged
•
The
singer
was
already
known
to
millions
before
the
contest
began
.
The
singer
was
already
known
to
millions
before
the
contest
began
.
•
This
plant
is
known
for
its
healing
properties
.
This
plant
is
known
for
its
healing
properties
.
noon
noun
-
noon
the
middle
of
the
day
,
around
12
o
’
clock
,
when
the
sun
is
highest
in
the
sky
•
We
always
eat
lunch
at
noon
.
We
always
eat
lunch
at
noon
.
•
The
church
bells
rang
at
noon
to
mark
the
hour
.
The
church
bells
rang
at
noon
to
mark
the
hour
.
Old
English
nōn
referred
to
the
ninth
hour
after
sunrise
(
about
3
p
.
m
.).
Over
centuries
church
prayer
times
shifted
earlier
,
and
by
the
14th
century
nōn
had
come
to
mean
midday
.
noun
(
literary
)
the
peak
or
most
successful
stage
of
something
•
In
the
noon
of
her
career
,
she
won
every
major
award
.
In
the
noon
of
her
career
,
she
won
every
major
award
.
•
The
empire
was
at
its
noon
when
trade
flowed
freely
across
continents
.
The
empire
was
at
its
noon
when
trade
flowed
freely
across
continents
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
from
the
16th
century
,
based
on
the
idea
of
the
sun
’
s
highest
point
symbolizing
a
peak
.
northwest
noun
-
northwest
the
direction
exactly
halfway
between
north
and
west
,
at
an
angle
of
315°
on
a
compass
•
The
sun
set
in
the
northwest
on
the
longest
day
of
the
year
.
The
sun
set
in
the
northwest
on
the
longest
day
of
the
year
.
•
She
checked
her
compass
and
turned
toward
the
northwest
.
She
checked
her
compass
and
turned
toward
the
northwest
.
Old
English
north
+
west
;
modelled
after
the
older
compound
southwest
.
adjective
situated
in
,
coming
from
,
or
facing
the
northwest
direction
•
We
set
up
camp
in
the
northwest
corner
of
the
meadow
.
We
set
up
camp
in
the
northwest
corner
of
the
meadow
.
•
A
strong
northwest
wind
rattled
the
windows
all
night
.
A
strong
northwest
wind
rattled
the
windows
all
night
.
adverb
toward
or
in
the
direction
of
the
northwest
•
The
geese
flew
northwest
in
a
perfect
V-formation
.
The
geese
flew
northwest
in
a
perfect
V-formation
.
•
We
drove
northwest
until
we
reached
the
national
park
.
We
drove
northwest
until
we
reached
the
national
park
.
indigenous
adjective
living
,
growing
,
or
existing
naturally
in
a
particular
place
;
native
to
that
area
•
Kangaroos
are
indigenous
to
Australia
.
Kangaroos
are
indigenous
to
Australia
.
•
The
botanist
carefully
recorded
the
indigenous
flowers
she
found
on
the
remote
mountain
.
The
botanist
carefully
recorded
the
indigenous
flowers
she
found
on
the
remote
mountain
.
From
Latin
indigena
“
native
,
sprung
from
the
land
” (
indu
“
in
,
within
”
+
gignere
“
to
beget
”)
plus
the
adjective-forming
suffix
-ous
.
momentum
noun
-
momentum
,
momenta
,
none
The
energy
or
force
that
keeps
an
event
,
idea
,
or
process
developing
or
moving
forward
.
•
After
the
surprise
victory
,
the
team
gained
enough
momentum
to
win
the
championship
.
After
the
surprise
victory
,
the
team
gained
enough
momentum
to
win
the
championship
.
•
The
charity
campaign
gathered
momentum
as
more
people
shared
it
online
.
The
charity
campaign
gathered
momentum
as
more
people
shared
it
online
.
Originally
a
scientific
term
,
the
figurative
sense
of
"
momentum
"
was
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
describe
growing
political
or
social
movements
.
noun
-
momentum
,
momenta
,
none
In
physics
,
the
quantity
of
motion
of
a
moving
object
,
equal
to
its
mass
multiplied
by
its
velocity
.
•
In
space
,
a
satellite
will
keep
its
momentum
unless
acted
upon
by
another
force
.
In
space
,
a
satellite
will
keep
its
momentum
unless
acted
upon
by
another
force
.
•
The
billiard
ball
lost
momentum
after
striking
the
cushion
and
rolled
to
a
gentle
stop
.
The
billiard
ball
lost
momentum
after
striking
the
cushion
and
rolled
to
a
gentle
stop
.
From
Latin
“
movēre
”
meaning
“
to
move
,”
through
the
Medieval
Latin
phrase
“
quantitas
motus
” (
quantity
of
motion
),
later
shortened
to
“
momentum
”
in
scientific
English
.
nonsense
noun
-
nonsense
words
,
ideas
,
or
behaviour
that
are
silly
,
untrue
,
or
have
no
clear
meaning
•
Stop
talking
nonsense
and
listen
to
the
facts
.
Stop
talking
nonsense
and
listen
to
the
facts
.
•
The
movie
was
fun
,
but
most
of
the
plot
was
pure
nonsense
.
The
movie
was
fun
,
but
most
of
the
plot
was
pure
nonsense
.
From
early
16th-century
English
,
formed
by
combining
the
prefix
“
non-
”
meaning
“
not
”
with
“
sense
,”
referring
to
something
that
does
not
make
sense
.
innovative
adjective
introducing
or
using
new
ideas
,
methods
,
or
technology
to
create
something
different
and
better
•
The
company
released
an
innovative
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
The
company
released
an
innovative
smartphone
with
a
foldable
screen
.
•
Scientists
developed
an
innovative
vaccine
that
uses
a
new
delivery
system
.
Scientists
developed
an
innovative
vaccine
that
uses
a
new
delivery
system
.
From
the
verb
“
innovate
”
+
-ive
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
adjective
describing
a
person
who
is
able
to
think
of
and
introduce
new
ideas
or
methods
•
Marie
Curie
was
an
innovative
scientist
who
changed
the
study
of
radioactivity
.
Marie
Curie
was
an
innovative
scientist
who
changed
the
study
of
radioactivity
.
•
The
chef
is
known
for
her
innovative
combinations
of
spices
and
textures
.
The
chef
is
known
for
her
innovative
combinations
of
spices
and
textures
.
Derived
from
innovate
+
-ive
;
the
sense
of
describing
a
person
’
s
creative
abilities
became
common
in
the
20th
century
.
ignorance
noun
-
ignorance
lack
of
knowledge
or
understanding
about
something
•
His
ignorance
of
basic
first
aid
made
the
situation
worse
.
His
ignorance
of
basic
first
aid
made
the
situation
worse
.
•
Public
workshops
aim
to
remove
ignorance
about
mental
health
.
Public
workshops
aim
to
remove
ignorance
about
mental
health
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
ignorance
,
from
Latin
ignorantia
,
from
ignorant-
‘
not
knowing
’.
northeast
noun
the
direction
exactly
halfway
between
north
and
east
on
a
compass
•
The
explorers
headed
toward
the
northeast
to
reach
the
next
village
.
The
explorers
headed
toward
the
northeast
to
reach
the
next
village
.
•
A
chilly
wind
blew
from
the
northeast
across
the
open
field
.
A
chilly
wind
blew
from
the
northeast
across
the
open
field
.
north
+
east
,
combined
since
Middle
English
to
name
the
intermediate
compass
point
adjective
located
in
,
coming
from
,
or
facing
toward
the
northeast
•
They
live
in
a
northeast
suburb
of
the
city
.
They
live
in
a
northeast
suburb
of
the
city
.
•
A
strong
northeast
wind
battered
the
lighthouse
.
A
strong
northeast
wind
battered
the
lighthouse
.
Derived
from
the
noun
form
,
used
attributively
since
the
16th
century
adverb
toward
or
in
the
direction
of
the
northeast
•
The
storm
is
moving
northeast
across
the
country
.
The
storm
is
moving
northeast
across
the
country
.
•
We
drove
northeast
for
two
hours
before
stopping
for
lunch
.
We
drove
northeast
for
two
hours
before
stopping
for
lunch
.
from
the
noun
phrase
‘
to
the
northeast
’,
later
used
adverbially
astronomer
noun
a
scientist
who
studies
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
stars
,
planets
,
and
other
objects
in
outer
space
•
The
astronomer
pointed
her
telescope
at
Jupiter
to
look
for
its
faint
rings
.
The
astronomer
pointed
her
telescope
at
Jupiter
to
look
for
its
faint
rings
.
•
Ancient
astronomers
used
only
their
eyes
to
map
the
night
sky
.
Ancient
astronomers
used
only
their
eyes
to
map
the
night
sky
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Greek
astronomos
‘
star
arranger
’,
from
astron
‘
star
’
+
nomos
‘
arranging
’.
casino
noun
a
building
or
room
where
people
gamble
at
games
of
chance
for
money
,
often
also
offering
food
,
drinks
,
and
live
entertainment
•
We
spent
the
evening
at
the
casino
playing
blackjack
and
enjoying
the
live
music
.
We
spent
the
evening
at
the
casino
playing
blackjack
and
enjoying
the
live
music
.
•
Bright
lights
flashed
as
visitors
walked
into
the
glamorous
casino
on
the
Las
Vegas
Strip
.
Bright
lights
flashed
as
visitors
walked
into
the
glamorous
casino
on
the
Las
Vegas
Strip
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
mid-18th
century
from
Italian
"
casino
",
literally
“
little
house
”,
a
diminutive
of
"
casa
" (“
house
”).
Early
English
use
referred
to
a
small
country
villa
used
for
social
gatherings
;
over
time
it
came
to
mean
a
public
building
for
music
,
dancing
,
and
eventually
gambling
.
noun
-
casino
a
card
game
for
two
to
four
players
in
which
players
capture
cards
from
a
layout
on
the
table
to
score
points
•
After
dinner
,
the
grandparents
taught
the
children
how
to
play
casino
.
After
dinner
,
the
grandparents
taught
the
children
how
to
play
casino
.
•
She
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
out
the
cards
for
a
friendly
game
of
casino
.
She
shuffled
the
deck
and
dealt
out
the
cards
for
a
friendly
game
of
casino
.
The
card
game
name
dates
to
the
late
18th
century
,
from
Italian
"
casino
"
in
the
sense
of
“
little
house
”
or
“
social
club
,”
where
such
games
were
often
played
.
ignorant
adjective
not
having
enough
knowledge
,
understanding
,
or
information
about
something
•
Before
the
workshop
,
many
students
were
ignorant
of
basic
first-aid
skills
.
Before
the
workshop
,
many
students
were
ignorant
of
basic
first-aid
skills
.
•
I
used
to
be
completely
ignorant
about
healthy
eating
until
I
started
cooking
for
myself
.
I
used
to
be
completely
ignorant
about
healthy
eating
until
I
started
cooking
for
myself
.
late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
ignorant
,
from
Latin
ignorans
‘
not
knowing
’,
present
participle
of
ignorare
‘
not
know
’.
adjective
(
informal
)
acting
rudely
or
showing
bad
manners
,
especially
by
not
thinking
about
other
people
•
It
was
ignorant
of
him
to
interrupt
the
speaker
so
many
times
.
It
was
ignorant
of
him
to
interrupt
the
speaker
so
many
times
.
•
Talking
loudly
on
your
phone
in
a
quiet
train
carriage
is
ignorant
behavior
.
Talking
loudly
on
your
phone
in
a
quiet
train
carriage
is
ignorant
behavior
.
Extension
of
the
core
sense
‘
lacking
knowledge
’
to
‘
lacking
social
knowledge
of
good
manners
’,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
.
nominate
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
suggest
a
person
,
film
,
book
,
or
other
candidate
so
that
people
can
vote
for
it
or
so
that
it
can
receive
a
prize
•
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
•
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
From
Latin
nominare
“
to
name
”,
from
nomen
“
name
”.
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
appoint
or
choose
someone
for
a
job
,
role
,
or
responsibility
•
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
•
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
From
Latin
nominare
“
to
name
”,
tracing
through
Middle
French
nominer
before
entering
English
in
the
15th
century
.