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will
verb
to
use
the
power
of
your
mind
or
determination
to
make
something
happen
or
to
make
yourself
do
something
•
She
willed
herself
not
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
She
willed
herself
not
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
•
The
explorer
willed
his
weary
legs
to
keep
moving
through
the
snow
.
The
explorer
willed
his
weary
legs
to
keep
moving
through
the
snow
.
verb
to
cause
or
decide
something
to
happen
by
a
forceful
wish
,
or
to
give
something
to
someone
in
a
legal
will
•
The
scientist
willed
himself
to
stay
awake
through
the
night
of
experiments
.
The
scientist
willed
himself
to
stay
awake
through
the
night
of
experiments
.
•
She
willed
the
doors
to
open
with
a
confident
gesture
.
She
willed
the
doors
to
open
with
a
confident
gesture
.
From
Old
English
willian
“
to
wish
,
desire
,”
later
taking
on
the
sense
of
exercising
mental
power
or
leaving
property
by
will
.
verb
to
give
something
you
own
to
someone
in
your
will
after
you
die
•
Grandpa
willed
his
farmhouse
to
my
mother
.
Grandpa
willed
his
farmhouse
to
my
mother
.
•
The
famous
artist
willed
all
her
paintings
to
a
small
museum
.
The
famous
artist
willed
all
her
paintings
to
a
small
museum
.
well
verb
-
well
,
welling
,
wells
,
welled
to
rise
up
,
flow
out
,
or
fill
up
,
like
liquid
or
emotion
•
Tears
began
to
well
in
her
eyes
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Tears
began
to
well
in
her
eyes
when
she
heard
the
news
.
•
Water
started
to
well
up
from
the
ground
after
the
heavy
rain
.
Water
started
to
well
up
from
the
ground
after
the
heavy
rain
.
verb
to
rise
or
flow
slowly
to
the
surface
•
Tears
began
to
well
in
her
eyes
.
Tears
began
to
well
in
her
eyes
.
•
Water
started
to
well up
between
the
rocks
.
Water
started
to
well up
between
the
rocks
.
verb
-
well
,
welling
,
wells
,
welled
(
of
liquid
)
to
rise
,
flow
,
or
gush
up
•
Tears
began
to
well
in
her
eyes
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Tears
began
to
well
in
her
eyes
when
she
heard
the
news
.
•
Blood
welled
from
the
small
cut
on
his
finger
.
Blood
welled
from
the
small
cut
on
his
finger
.
Old
English
‘
wellan
’
meaning
‘
to
spring
,
bubble
up
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*wall-
‘
to
boil
,
surge
’.
people
verb
-
people
,
peopling
,
peoples
,
peopled
to
fill
a
place
with
inhabitants
•
Settlers
peopled
the
island
in
the
18th
century
.
Settlers
peopled
the
island
in
the
18th
century
.
•
Legends
say
that
giants
once
peopled
these
mountains
.
Legends
say
that
giants
once
peopled
these
mountains
.
Verb
use
appeared
in
the
15th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
"
to
populate
."
school
verb
to
teach
or
train
someone
so
that
they
gain
knowledge
or
skill
•
The
coach
schooled
the
new
players
in
the
rules
of
the
game
.
The
coach
schooled
the
new
players
in
the
rules
of
the
game
.
•
Her
grandmother
schooled
her
in
traditional
cooking
.
Her
grandmother
schooled
her
in
traditional
cooking
.
still
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
quiet
,
calm
,
or
motionless
•
A
gentle
song
stilled
the
crying
child
.
A
gentle
song
stilled
the
crying
child
.
•
The
coach
raised
his
hand
to
still
the
noisy
crowd
.
The
coach
raised
his
hand
to
still
the
noisy
crowd
.
verb
-
still
,
stilling
,
stills
,
stilled
to
make
someone
or
something
calm
,
quiet
,
or
motionless
•
She
sang
a
lullaby
to
still
the
crying
baby
.
She
sang
a
lullaby
to
still
the
crying
baby
.
•
Deep
breathing
can
still
your
racing
heart
.
Deep
breathing
can
still
your
racing
heart
.
Old
English
stillan
“
to
quieten
,
become
calm
”.
while
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
during
the
time
that
something
else
happens
•
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
•
Please
wait
here
while
I
talk
to
the
manager
.
Please
wait
here
while
I
talk
to
the
manager
.
Old
English
hwīl
,
meaning
“
a
space
of
time
,”
which
later
developed
into
the
conjunction
sense
for
simultaneous
actions
.
noun
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
a
period
of
time
,
especially
when
its
exact
length
is
not
stated
•
It
’
s
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
It
’
s
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
•
After
a
long
while
,
the
rain
finally
stopped
.
After
a
long
while
,
the
rain
finally
stopped
.
Old
English
hwīl
originally
meant
“
period
of
time
,”
keeping
this
noun
sense
through
centuries
.
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
during
the
time
that
something
else
is
happening
•
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
While
I
was
cooking
,
the
phone
rang
.
•
They
chatted
quietly
while
the
baby
slept
.
They
chatted
quietly
while
the
baby
slept
.
Old
English
"
hwīl
"
meaning
"
space
of
time
";
later
used
as
a
conjunction
meaning
"
during
the
time
that
".
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
although
;
whereas
(
introducing
a
contrast
)
•
While
I
love
spicy
food
,
my
sister
prefers
mild
dishes
.
While
I
love
spicy
food
,
my
sister
prefers
mild
dishes
.
•
The
new
laptop
is
powerful
,
while
the
old
one
is
lighter
and
easier
to
carry
.
The
new
laptop
is
powerful
,
while
the
old
one
is
lighter
and
easier
to
carry
.
The
contrasting
sense
grew
from
the
temporal
meaning
in
Middle
English
as
speakers
began
to
use
“
while
”
to
compare
two
simultaneous
but
different
facts
.
conjunction
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
although
;
despite
the
fact
that
•
While
it's
expensive
,
the
camera
takes
amazing
photos
.
While
it's
expensive
,
the
camera
takes
amazing
photos
.
•
While
she
was
nervous
,
her
voice
stayed
steady
.
While
she
was
nervous
,
her
voice
stayed
steady
.
noun
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
a
period
of
time
,
usually
not
exactly
stated
•
Sit
here
for
a
while
,
and
I'll
be
right
back
.
Sit
here
for
a
while
,
and
I'll
be
right
back
.
•
It's
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
It's
been
a
while
since
we
last
met
.
verb
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
to
spend
time
in
a
relaxed
or
aimless
way
,
usually
followed
by
“
away
”
•
We
whiled away
the
afternoon
playing
cards
.
We
whiled away
the
afternoon
playing
cards
.
•
She
whiles away
her
commute
by
listening
to
podcasts
.
She
whiles away
her
commute
by
listening
to
podcasts
.
The
verb
sense
arose
in
the
16th
century
from
the
noun
“
while
,”
literally
meaning
“
cause
time
to
be
,”
then
expanded
into
the
phrasal
form
“
while
away
.”
verb
-
while
,
whiling
,
whiles
,
whiled
to
spend
time
in
a
relaxed
or
pleasant
way
,
especially
to
make
the
time
pass
more
quickly
•
We
will
while away
the
afternoon
by
the
lake
.
We
will
while away
the
afternoon
by
the
lake
.
•
They
while away
their
evenings
playing
chess
.
They
while away
their
evenings
playing
chess
.
From
the
noun
‘
while
’
meaning
‘
time
’,
developing
into
the
sense
of
‘
cause
time
to
pass
’.
call
verb
to
telephone
someone
•
I'll
call
you
tomorrow
morning
to
discuss
the
project
.
I'll
call
you
tomorrow
morning
to
discuss
the
project
.
•
She
couldn't
call
him
because
her
phone
battery
was
dead
.
She
couldn't
call
him
because
her
phone
battery
was
dead
.
Derived
from
Old
Norse
“
kalla
”
meaning
“
cry
loudly
,
summon
”.
verb
to
speak
to
someone
on
the
telephone
•
She
will
call
her
mother
tonight
to
share
the
good
news
.
She
will
call
her
mother
tonight
to
share
the
good
news
.
•
Can
you
call
me
when
you
arrive
at
the
station
?
Can
you
call
me
when
you
arrive
at
the
station
?
verb
to
shout
or
speak
loudly
so
that
someone
can
hear
•
She
called
for
help
when
she
slipped
on
the
rocks
.
She
called
for
help
when
she
slipped
on
the
rocks
.
•
I
heard
my
dad
calling
me
from
the
garden
.
I
heard
my
dad
calling
me
from
the
garden
.
verb
to
shout
or
speak
loudly
to
attract
someone's
attention
•
The
coach
called
to
the
players
to
hurry
up
.
The
coach
called
to
the
players
to
hurry
up
.
•
I
called
across
the
street
,
but
she
didn't
hear
me
.
I
called
across
the
street
,
but
she
didn't
hear
me
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
Old
Norse
“
kalla
,”
originally
meaning
“
cry
out
.”
verb
to
give
someone
or
something
a
particular
name
•
Everyone
calls
her
"
Sunny
"
because
of
her
cheerful
personality
.
Everyone
calls
her
"
Sunny
"
because
of
her
cheerful
personality
.
•
They
called
the
puppy
Max
on
the
first
day
they
adopted
him
.
They
called
the
puppy
Max
on
the
first
day
they
adopted
him
.
Old
English
“
ceallian
”
evolved
to
mean
‘
give
a
name
’
by
the
14th
century
.
verb
to
request
the
presence
or
help
of
someone
or
something
,
especially
a
service
•
We
should
call
an
ambulance
immediately
.
We
should
call
an
ambulance
immediately
.
•
If
the
heater
breaks
again
,
I'll
call
a
technician
.
If
the
heater
breaks
again
,
I'll
call
a
technician
.
Extended
sense
of
“
summon
”
dating
from
Middle
English
era
.
verb
to
give
someone
or
something
a
particular
name
•
We
decided
to
call
our
dog
Buddy
.
We
decided
to
call
our
dog
Buddy
.
•
Everyone
called
her
the
best
baker
in
town
.
Everyone
called
her
the
best
baker
in
town
.
verb
to
decide
or
announce
officially
•
The
referee
called
a
foul
.
The
referee
called
a
foul
.
•
Let's
call it a day
and
finish
tomorrow
.
Let's
call it a day
and
finish
tomorrow
.
Sense
of
“
decide
”
arose
from
the
idea
of
announcing
aloud
a
judgment
.
kill
verb
to
cause
the
death
of
a
person
,
animal
,
or
other
living
thing
•
The
lion
pounced
and
killed
the
zebra
within
seconds
.
The
lion
pounced
and
killed
the
zebra
within
seconds
.
•
Touching
that
jellyfish
can
kill
you
,
so
be
careful
.
Touching
that
jellyfish
can
kill
you
,
so
be
careful
.
Old
English
"
cyllan
"
meaning
"
to
strike
,
hit
,
or
beat
,"
later
coming
to
mean
"
to
deprive
of
life
."
verb
to
cause
something
to
stop
working
,
end
,
or
become
ineffective
•
Please
kill
the
engine
before
you
get
out
of
the
car
.
Please
kill
the
engine
before
you
get
out
of
the
car
.
•
She
quickly
killed
the
lights
and
hid
when
she
heard
footsteps
.
She
quickly
killed
the
lights
and
hid
when
she
heard
footsteps
.
verb
(
informal
)
to
impress
or
amuse
someone
very
strongly
•
You
killed
at
the
talent
show
tonight
!
You
killed
at
the
talent
show
tonight
!
•
Her
joke
killed
the
whole
audience
;
everyone
burst
into
laughter
.
Her
joke
killed
the
whole
audience
;
everyone
burst
into
laughter
.
lead
verb
-
lead
,
leading
,
leads
,
led
to
guide
a
person
,
animal
,
or
group
so
that
they
go
with
you
or
follow
you
to
a
place
or
into
an
activity
•
The
tour
guide
led
the
visitors
through
the
ancient
castle
.
The
tour
guide
led
the
visitors
through
the
ancient
castle
.
•
If
you
know
the
way
,
please
lead
us
to
the
train
station
.
If
you
know
the
way
,
please
lead
us
to
the
train
station
.
Old
English
lǣdan
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*laidijanan
"
to
travel
,
guide
".
verb
-
lead
,
leading
,
leads
,
led
to
show
someone
the
way
or
go
in
front
so
that
others
can
follow
•
The
tour
guide
will
lead
us
through
the
rainforest
trail
.
The
tour
guide
will
lead
us
through
the
rainforest
trail
.
•
Please
lead
the
visitors
to
the
conference
room
.
Please
lead
the
visitors
to
the
conference
room
.
Old
English
lǣdan
“
to
guide
,
carry
,
bring
”,
related
to
“
load
”.
verb
-
lead
,
leading
,
leads
,
led
to
be
in
charge
of
a
group
,
organization
,
or
activity
•
She
was
chosen
to
lead
the
marketing
team
on
the
new
project
.
She
was
chosen
to
lead
the
marketing
team
on
the
new
project
.
•
During
the
crisis
,
the
mayor
led
the
city
with
calm
and
clarity
.
During
the
crisis
,
the
mayor
led
the
city
with
calm
and
clarity
.
verb
-
lead
,
leading
,
leads
,
led
to
cause
or
result
in
a
particular
situation
or
outcome
(
used
with
"
to
")
•
Too
much
stress
can
lead
to
health
problems
.
Too
much
stress
can
lead
to
health
problems
.
•
The
argument
led
to
a
long-lasting
friendship
after
they
resolved
it
.
The
argument
led
to
a
long-lasting
friendship
after
they
resolved
it
.
verb
-
lead
,
leading
,
leads
,
led
to
be
in
first
place
or
have
more
points
than
others
in
a
race
,
game
,
or
competition
•
Our
team
lead
3–0
at
halftime
.
Our
team
lead
3–0
at
halftime
.
•
After
five
laps
,
the
cyclist
from
Spain
continued
to
lead
.
After
five
laps
,
the
cyclist
from
Spain
continued
to
lead
.
Extension
of
sense
“
go
first
”
from
Old
English
lǣdan
.
verb
-
lead
,
leading
,
leads
,
led
to
cause
something
to
happen
or
exist
later
,
often
used
with
"
to
"
•
Too
much
sugar
can
lead
to
health
problems
.
Too
much
sugar
can
lead
to
health
problems
.
•
His
careless
words
may
lead
to
misunderstanding
.
His
careless
words
may
lead
to
misunderstanding
.
Same
origin
as
other
verbal
senses
;
figurative
use
recorded
since
the
14th
century
.
level
noun
-
level
,
levelling
,
levels
,
levelled
,
leveled
the
height
or
amount
of
something
when
compared
with
a
fixed
point
,
line
,
or
quantity
•
The
level
of
the
river
rose
after
the
storm
.
The
level
of
the
river
rose
after
the
storm
.
•
Check
the
oil
level
before
you
start
the
car
.
Check
the
oil
level
before
you
start
the
car
.
From
Old
French
‘
level
’ (
tool
for
measuring
horizontal
),
from
Vulgar
Latin
*libella
,
diminutive
of
Latin
libra
“
balance
,
scale
”.
noun
-
level
,
levelling
,
levels
,
levelled
,
leveled
one
of
the
floors
or
layers
in
a
building
,
structure
,
or
game
•
The
parking
garage
has
three
levels
.
The
parking
garage
has
three
levels
.
•
Our
apartment
is
on
the
top
level
of
the
building
.
Our
apartment
is
on
the
top
level
of
the
building
.
noun
-
level
,
levelling
,
levels
,
levelled
,
leveled
a
degree
or
standard
of
quality
,
ability
,
or
importance
•
She
spoke
French
at
an
advanced
level
.
She
spoke
French
at
an
advanced
level
.
•
The
meeting
was
only
for
high-level
managers
.
The
meeting
was
only
for
high-{{{
class='hover
:
underline
'
level
}}}'>href='/dictionary/search/level'>level}}}
managers
.
noun
-
level
,
levelling
,
levels
,
levelled
,
leveled
a
tool
with
a
liquid-filled
tube
used
to
show
if
a
surface
is
perfectly
horizontal
or
vertical
•
The
carpenter
placed
a
level
on
the
shelf
to
check
it
.
The
carpenter
placed
a
level
on
the
shelf
to
check
it
.
•
Make
sure
you
have
a
small
level
in
your
toolbox
.
Make
sure
you
have
a
small
level
in
your
toolbox
.
adjective
-
level
,
levelling
,
levels
,
levelled
,
leveled
flat
and
without
slopes
or
bumps
•
The
ground
must
be
perfectly
level
before
laying
the
tiles
.
The
ground
must
be
perfectly
level
before
laying
the
tiles
.
•
She
drew
a
level
line
with
her
ruler
.
She
drew
a
level
line
with
her
ruler
.
verb
-
level
,
levelling
,
levels
,
levelled
,
leveled
to
make
something
flat
,
even
,
or
equal
•
They
used
heavy
machinery
to
level
the
old
house
.
They
used
heavy
machinery
to
level
the
old
house
.
•
Add
soil
to
level
the
garden
bed
.
Add
soil
to
level
the
garden
bed
.
table
verb
-
table
,
tabling
,
tables
,
tabled
to
formally
present
something
,
such
as
a
proposal
or
motion
,
for
discussion
at
a
meeting
•
The
minister
will
table
the
new
education
bill
in
Parliament
tomorrow
.
The
minister
will
table
the
new
education
bill
in
Parliament
tomorrow
.
•
At
the
council
meeting
,
she
tabled
a
motion
to
improve
local
recycling
services
.
At
the
council
meeting
,
she
tabled
a
motion
to
improve
local
recycling
services
.
Sense
arose
in
British
parliamentary
procedure
in
the
17th
century
,
referring
to
literally
laying
papers
on
the
‘
table
’
before
members
.
verb
-
table
,
tabling
,
tables
,
tabled
to
postpone
discussion
or
consideration
of
something
,
often
until
a
later
time
•
The
committee
voted
to
table
the
budget
proposal
until
next
month
.
The
committee
voted
to
table
the
budget
proposal
until
next
month
.
•
Because
of
time
constraints
,
they
tabled
further
discussion
on
the
new
policy
.
Because
of
time
constraints
,
they
tabled
further
discussion
on
the
new
policy
.
American
legislative
usage
developed
in
the
19th
century
,
shifting
‘
place
on
the
table
’
to
mean
‘
set
aside
for
now
’.
model
verb
to
wear
or
show
clothing
or
products
so
that
people
can
see
what
they
look
like
•
She
will
model
the
designer's
new
collection
tonight
.
She
will
model
the
designer's
new
collection
tonight
.
•
The
actor
agreed
to
model
a
winter
coat
for
the
catalog
.
The
actor
agreed
to
model
a
winter
coat
for
the
catalog
.
Verb
use
meaning
‘
to
display
by
wearing
’
appeared
in
the
early
20th-century
fashion
industry
.
verb
to
create
a
small
copy
or
representation
of
something
,
or
to
describe
and
study
how
something
works
by
using
a
simplified
form
•
Engineers
used
clay
to
model
the
car's
aerodynamic
shape
.
Engineers
used
clay
to
model
the
car's
aerodynamic
shape
.
•
The
software
can
model
weather
patterns
for
the
whole
region
.
The
software
can
model
weather
patterns
for
the
whole
region
.
Scientific
sense
of
‘
construct
a
simplified
representation
’
grew
alongside
advances
in
mathematics
and
computing
in
the
20th
century
.
pull
verb
to
use
force
with
your
hands
,
body
,
or
a
tool
to
move
something
closer
to
you
or
in
the
direction
you
are
going
•
He
pulled
the
heavy
suitcase
over
the
curb
.
He
pulled
the
heavy
suitcase
over
the
curb
.
•
The
children
pulled
on
the
rope
during
the
school
tug-of-war
.
The
children
pulled
on
the
rope
during
the
school
tug-of-war
.
Old
English
"
pullian
,"
meaning
“
to
pluck
or
tug
,”
of
uncertain
origin
.
verb
to
remove
or
take
something
out
quickly
,
often
with
effort
•
The
dentist
pulled
my
wisdom
tooth
yesterday
.
The
dentist
pulled
my
wisdom
tooth
yesterday
.
•
She
pulled
the
splinter
from
her
finger
with
tweezers
.
She
pulled
the
splinter
from
her
finger
with
tweezers
.
verb
to
attract
people
,
interest
,
or
attention
•
The
new
café
pulled
big
crowds
on
opening
day
.
The
new
café
pulled
big
crowds
on
opening
day
.
•
His
funny
videos
pull
millions
of
viewers
online
.
His
funny
videos
pull
millions
of
viewers
online
.
verb
to
cancel
,
remove
,
or
withdraw
something
from
use
or
availability
•
The
company
pulled
the
advertisement
after
complaints
.
The
company
pulled
the
advertisement
after
complaints
.
•
They
pulled
the
product
from
shelves
for
safety
checks
.
They
pulled
the
product
from
shelves
for
safety
checks
.
control
verb
-
control
,
controlling
,
controls
,
controlled
to
direct
,
limit
,
or
rule
people
,
things
,
or
events
so
that
they
behave
or
happen
in
the
way
you
want
•
Pilots
control
the
airplane
with
pedals
and
a
yoke
.
Pilots
control
the
airplane
with
pedals
and
a
yoke
.
•
She
tried
to
control
her
laughter
during
the
serious
ceremony
.
She
tried
to
control
her
laughter
during
the
serious
ceremony
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Anglo-French
contreroule
,
meaning
“
counter-check
”.
verb
-
control
,
controlling
,
controls
,
controlled
to
make
something
or
someone
behave
,
move
,
or
work
in
the
way
you
want
•
Strong
winds
controlled
the
direction
of
the
fire
.
Strong
winds
controlled
the
direction
of
the
fire
.
•
You
can
control
the
toy
car
with
this
app
on
your
phone
.
You
can
control
the
toy
car
with
this
app
on
your
phone
.
verb
-
control
,
controlling
,
controls
,
controlled
to
limit
something
or
keep
it
from
becoming
too
strong
,
large
,
or
harmful
•
Medicine
helped
control
his
high
blood
pressure
.
Medicine
helped
control
his
high
blood
pressure
.
•
We
need
to
control
the
spread
of
rumors
before
they
damage
the
company
.
We
need
to
control
the
spread
of
rumors
before
they
damage
the
company
.
couple
verb
-
couple
,
coupling
,
couples
,
coupled
To
join
or
connect
two
things
so
that
they
move
or
work
together
.
•
The
engineer
coupled
the
new
carriage
to
the
train
before
departure
.
The
engineer
coupled
the
new
carriage
to
the
train
before
departure
.
•
You
can
couple
the
trailer
to
the
truck
using
this
hitch
.
You
can
couple
the
trailer
to
the
truck
using
this
hitch
.
verb
-
couple
,
coupling
,
couples
,
coupled
(
of
animals
)
to
mate
or
have
sexual
intercourse
in
order
to
produce
young
.
•
In
spring
,
the
frogs
couple
loudly
in
the
pond
.
In
spring
,
the
frogs
couple
loudly
in
the
pond
.
•
The
zookeeper
observed
the
pandas
as
they
coupled
for
the
first
time
.
The
zookeeper
observed
the
pandas
as
they
coupled
for
the
first
time
.
knowledge
noun
-
knowledge
Information
,
understanding
,
and
skills
that
a
person
gains
through
learning
or
experience
.
•
Reading
many
books
has
filled
her
mind
with
knowledge
.
Reading
many
books
has
filled
her
mind
with
knowledge
.
•
Marcus
shared
his
knowledge
of
gardening
with
the
neighbors
.
Marcus
shared
his
knowledge
of
gardening
with
the
neighbors
.
Middle
English
‘
knowlege
’,
from
‘
knowen
’ (
to
know
)
+
the
suffix
‘
-ledge
’,
patterned
after
‘
acknowledge
’.
noun
-
knowledge
Facts
or
information
that
someone
is
aware
of
about
a
particular
subject
,
situation
,
or
event
.
•
To
my
knowledge
,
the
museum
closes
at
five
o
’
clock
.
To
my
knowledge
,
the
museum
closes
at
five
o
’
clock
.
•
She
kept
the
plan
secret
,
without
her
parents
’
knowledge
.
She
kept
the
plan
secret
,
without
her
parents
’
knowledge
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
from
Middle
English
roots
related
to
‘
know
’.
ball
verb
to
form
something
into
a
round
shape
or
to
become
round
like
a
ball
•
He
balled
up
the
letter
and
tossed
it
into
the
bin
.
He
balled
up
the
letter
and
tossed
it
into
the
bin
.
•
The
cat
balled
itself
up
on
the
sofa
to
stay
warm
.
The
cat
balled
itself
up
on
the
sofa
to
stay
warm
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
17th
century
,
extended
from
the
noun
.
oil
verb
-
oil
,
oiling
,
oils
,
oiled
to
put
oil
on
or
into
something
so
it
moves
smoothly
or
does
not
rust
•
Remember
to
oil
the
bicycle
chain
so
it
doesn
’
t
squeak
.
Remember
to
oil
the
bicycle
chain
so
it
doesn
’
t
squeak
.
•
The
mechanic
oiled
the
door
hinges
to
stop
the
annoying
creak
.
The
mechanic
oiled
the
door
hinges
to
stop
the
annoying
creak
.
From
Old
English
"
iele
"
meaning
to
smear
with
oil
,
related
to
the
noun
form
.
fill
verb
-
fill
,
filling
,
fills
,
filled
to
put
something
into
an
empty
space
or
container
until
no
more
can
be
added
•
She
filled
the
glass
with
water
until
it
overflowed
.
She
filled
the
glass
with
water
until
it
overflowed
.
•
The
attendant
fills
the
car's
tank
at
the
gas
station
every
morning
.
The
attendant
fills
the
car's
tank
at
the
gas
station
every
morning
.
Old
English
‘
fyllan
’,
from
Germanic
roots
meaning
‘
to
make
full
’.
verb
-
fill
,
filling
,
fills
,
filled
to
become
full
•
The
theatre
quickly
filled
as
the
lights
dimmed
.
The
theatre
quickly
filled
as
the
lights
dimmed
.
•
Her
eyes
filled
with
tears
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Her
eyes
filled
with
tears
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
form
,
from
Old
English
‘
fyllan
’.
verb
-
fill
,
filling
,
fills
,
filled
to
occupy
space
,
time
,
or
a
role
completely
•
Soft
music
fills
the
house
during
the
holidays
.
Soft
music
fills
the
house
during
the
holidays
.
•
She
was
chosen
to
fill
the
vacant
chair
on
the
board
.
She
was
chosen
to
fill
the
vacant
chair
on
the
board
.
Extended
sense
of
occupying
space
developed
in
Middle
English
.
article
verb
-
article
,
articling
,
articles
,
articled
to
bind
or
train
someone
,
especially
a
law
student
,
by
a
formal
written
contract
of
apprenticeship
•
He
articled
with
a
top
law
firm
after
finishing
university
.
He
articled
with
a
top
law
firm
after
finishing
university
.
•
She
is
articling
at
a
firm
in
Toronto
this
year
.
She
is
articling
at
a
firm
in
Toronto
this
year
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
sense
of
“
articles
”
meaning
written
terms
of
agreement
.
fail
verb
to
not
succeed
in
achieving
something
or
doing
what
is
expected
or
required
•
After
months
of
practice
,
the
team
still
failed
to
win
the
championship
.
After
months
of
practice
,
the
team
still
failed
to
win
the
championship
.
•
If
you
forget
to
water
the
plant
,
it
will
fail
to
grow
and
its
leaves
will
turn
brown
.
If
you
forget
to
water
the
plant
,
it
will
fail
to
grow
and
its
leaves
will
turn
brown
.
From
Old
French
‘
faillir
’ “
be
lacking
,
not
succeed
,”
from
Latin
‘
fallere
’ “
to
deceive
,
disappoint
.”
rule
verb
-
rule
,
ruling
,
rules
,
ruled
to
govern
or
control
a
country
,
people
,
or
area
•
Queen
Victoria
ruled
the
British
Empire
for
over
60
years
.
Queen
Victoria
ruled
the
British
Empire
for
over
60
years
.
•
No
single
person
should
rule
forever
.
No
single
person
should
rule
forever
.
verb
-
rule
,
ruling
,
rules
,
ruled
for
a
judge
or
court
to
make
an
official
legal
decision
•
The
court
ruled
that
the
new
law
was
unconstitutional
.
The
court
ruled
that
the
new
law
was
unconstitutional
.
•
The
referee
ruled
the
goal
offside
.
The
referee
ruled
the
goal
offside
.
verb
-
rule
,
ruling
,
rules
,
ruled
to
draw
straight
lines
on
paper
,
usually
with
a
ruler
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
rule
margins
on
each
page
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
rule
margins
on
each
page
.
•
Before
sketching
,
she
carefully
ruled
the
canvas
.
Before
sketching
,
she
carefully
ruled
the
canvas
.
verb
-
rule
,
ruling
,
rules
,
ruled
(
informal
)
to
be
excellent
or
the
best
•
That
new
video
game
rules
!
That
new
video
game
rules
!
•
Her
guitar
solo
totally
ruled
the
concert
.
Her
guitar
solo
totally
ruled
the
concert
.
verb
-
rule
,
ruling
,
rules
,
ruled
to
control
a
country
,
group
,
or
organization
with
authority
•
Queen
Victoria
ruled
the
empire
for
more
than
sixty
years
.
Queen
Victoria
ruled
the
empire
for
more
than
sixty
years
.
•
The
new
president
promised
he
would
rule
fairly
.
The
new
president
promised
he
would
rule
fairly
.
verb
-
rule
,
ruling
,
rules
,
ruled
to
make
an
official
decision
about
something
,
especially
in
a
court
or
meeting
•
The
judge
ruled
that
the
evidence
was
admissible
.
The
judge
ruled
that
the
evidence
was
admissible
.
•
After
watching
the
replay
,
the
referee
ruled
in
favor
of
the
home
team
.
After
watching
the
replay
,
the
referee
ruled
in
favor
of
the
home
team
.
single
adjective
-
single
,
singling
,
singles
,
singled
being
only
one
;
not
more
than
one
•
I
could
not
find
a
single
mistake
in
her
essay
.
I
could
not
find
a
single
mistake
in
her
essay
.
•
Every
single
seat
in
the
theater
was
taken
before
the
show
began
.
Every
single
seat
in
the
theater
was
taken
before
the
show
began
.
From
Middle
English
single
,
from
Old
French
sengle
,
from
Latin
singulus
“
one
,
each
,
separate
”.
wall
verb
to
enclose
,
divide
,
or
protect
an
area
by
building
a
wall
around
or
along
it
•
They
walled
the
new
room
with
recycled
wood
panels
.
They
walled
the
new
room
with
recycled
wood
panels
.
•
The
ancient
city
was
walled
to
protect
its
people
from
invaders
.
The
ancient
city
was
walled
to
protect
its
people
from
invaders
.
bill
verb
-
bill
,
billing
,
bills
,
billed
to
send
someone
a
statement
saying
how
much
money
they
must
pay
for
goods
or
services
•
The
mechanic
will
bill
you
after
the
repairs
are
complete
.
The
mechanic
will
bill
you
after
the
repairs
are
complete
.
•
They
billed
the
company
for
travel
expenses
.
They
billed
the
company
for
travel
expenses
.
trouble
verb
-
trouble
,
troubling
,
troubles
,
troubled
to
make
someone
feel
worried
or
upset
•
The
idea
of
losing
his
job
troubled
him
all
night
.
The
idea
of
losing
his
job
troubled
him
all
night
.
•
It
troubles
me
that
we
still
have
no
answer
.
It
troubles
me
that
we
still
have
no
answer
.
verb
-
trouble
,
troubling
,
troubles
,
troubled
to
bother
someone
by
asking
them
to
do
something
•
Could
I
trouble
you
for
a
glass
of
water
?
Could
I
trouble
you
for
a
glass
of
water
?
•
Sorry
to
trouble
you
,
but
do
you
have
change
for
the
bus
?
Sorry
to
trouble
you
,
but
do
you
have
change
for
the
bus
?
total
adjective
-
total
,
totalling
,
totals
,
totaled
,
totalled
complete
;
with
nothing
missing
or
left
out
•
It
was
a
total
surprise
when
her
friends
shouted
"
Happy
Birthday
!"
It
was
a
total
surprise
when
her
friends
shouted
"
Happy
Birthday
!"
•
During
the
blackout
,
the
small
town
fell
into
total
darkness
.
During
the
blackout
,
the
small
town
fell
into
total
darkness
.
From
Latin
“
tōtālis
”
meaning
“
entire
,
whole
”,
from
“
tōtus
” (“
all
,
whole
”).
verb
to
add
numbers
or
amounts
together
or
to
reach
a
particular
amount
•
When
you
total
the
expenses
,
they
come
to
less
than
$50
.
When
you
total
the
expenses
,
they
come
to
less
than
$50
.
•
The
donations
total
more
than
we
expected
.
The
donations
total
more
than
we
expected
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
find
the
total
’.
noun
-
total
,
totalling
,
totals
,
totaled
,
totalled
the
whole
amount
or
number
obtained
by
adding
two
or
more
quantities
•
The
total
of
six
and
four
is
ten
.
The
total
of
six
and
four
is
ten
.
•
Our
monthly
sales
total
was
the
highest
in
the
company
’
s
history
.
Our
monthly
sales
total
was
the
highest
in
the
company
’
s
history
.
First
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
14th
century
as
a
noun
meaning
“
whole
sum
,”
from
Old
French
“
total
”.
verb
-
total
,
totalling
,
totals
,
totaled
,
totalled
to
add
up
numbers
so
as
to
find
the
whole
amount
;
to
amount
to
•
The
bill
totals
fifty
dollars
after
tax
.
The
bill
totals
fifty
dollars
after
tax
.
•
When
you
total
the
points
,
our
team
wins
by
two
.
When
you
total
the
points
,
our
team
wins
by
two
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
and
noun
forms
in
the
early
19th
century
,
meaning
“
to
find
the
total
(
sum
)
of
”.
verb
informal
:
to
damage
a
vehicle
so
badly
that
it
cannot
be
repaired
•
He
totaled
his
car
when
he
hit
the
tree
.
He
totaled
his
car
when
he
hit
the
tree
.
•
The
sports
car
was
totaled
in
the
high-speed
crash
.
The
sports
car
was
totaled
in
the
high-speed
crash
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
something
being
a
‘
total
loss
’.
cool
adjective
-
cool
,
cooler
,
coolest
slightly
cold
in
a
pleasant
way
,
neither
warm
nor
very
cold
•
The
evening
breeze
felt
pleasantly
cool
after
the
hot
day
.
The
evening
breeze
felt
pleasantly
cool
after
the
hot
day
.
•
She
dipped
her
feet
into
the
cool
water
of
the
mountain
stream
.
She
dipped
her
feet
into
the
cool
water
of
the
mountain
stream
.
Old
English
“
cōl
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*kōlaz
,
related
to
Dutch
"
koel
"
and
German
"
kühl
",
meaning
cold
.
verb
to
make
something
less
hot
,
or
to
become
less
hot
•
Let
the
soup
cool
before
you
taste
it
.
Let
the
soup
cool
before
you
taste
it
.
•
The
engine
takes
a
while
to
cool
after
a
long
drive
.
The
engine
takes
a
while
to
cool
after
a
long
drive
.
reveal
verb
to
make
something
that
was
hidden
or
secret
known
or
able
to
be
seen
•
The
magician
revealed
the
hidden
card
to
the
amazed
audience
.
The
magician
revealed
the
hidden
card
to
the
amazed
audience
.
•
Pulling
back
the
curtain
will
reveal
a
beautiful
view
of
the
mountains
.
Pulling
back
the
curtain
will
reveal
a
beautiful
view
of
the
mountains
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
reveler
‘
make
known
’,
from
Latin
revelare
‘
lay
bare
’.
style
verb
-
style
,
styling
,
styles
,
styled
to
design
,
arrange
,
or
give
a
particular
look
to
something
,
especially
hair
or
clothes
•
The
hairdresser
styled
my
hair
into
loose
waves
.
The
hairdresser
styled
my
hair
into
loose
waves
.
•
She
loves
to
style
vintage
outfits
for
photo
shoots
.
She
loves
to
style
vintage
outfits
for
photo
shoots
.
Verb
use
arose
in
the
18th
century
meaning
‘
shape
or
arrange
artistically
’.
verb
-
style
,
styling
,
styles
,
styled
to
name
or
label
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
•
The
press
styled
her
the
nation
’
s
sweetheart
after
the
victory
.
The
press
styled
her
the
nation
’
s
sweetheart
after
the
victory
.
•
He
styles
himself
an
expert
,
but
he
has
little
experience
.
He
styles
himself
an
expert
,
but
he
has
little
experience
.
This
sense
follows
medieval
English
legal
language
where
documents
‘
styled
’
parties
by
certain
names
.
trial
verb
to
test
something
in
real
conditions
over
a
period
of
time
to
see
if
it
works
well
•
The
company
is
trialing
a
four-day
work
week
.
The
company
is
trialing
a
four-day
work
week
.
•
Scientists
will
trial
the
vaccine
on
volunteers
.
Scientists
will
trial
the
vaccine
on
volunteers
.
verb
use
dates
from
the
late
19th
century
,
back-formation
from
the
noun
.
hotel
verb
-
hotel
,
hotelling
,
hotels
,
hoteled
to
stay
in
a
hotel
or
hotels
,
especially
while
travelling
•
The
sales
team
hoteled
downtown
during
the
week-long
trade
fair
.
The
sales
team
hoteled
downtown
during
the
week-long
trade
fair
.
•
We
usually
hotel
near
the
stadium
whenever
there
’
s
a
big
match
.
We
usually
hotel
near
the
stadium
whenever
there
’
s
a
big
match
.
Verbal
use
recorded
from
the
late
19th
century
,
formed
by
functional
shift
from
the
noun
.
travel
verb
-
travel
,
travelling
,
travels
,
travelled
to
go
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
over
a
considerable
distance
,
for
work
,
leisure
,
or
another
purpose
.
•
Every
summer
,
my
family
travels
to
the
seaside
for
a
week
.
Every
summer
,
my
family
travels
to
the
seaside
for
a
week
.
•
To
reach
the
mountain
village
,
hikers
must
travel
along
a
narrow
,
winding
trail
.
To
reach
the
mountain
village
,
hikers
must
travel
along
a
narrow
,
winding
trail
.
Middle
English
travailen
,
from
Old
French
travailler
‘
to
toil
,
make
a
journey
’;
later
spelling
influenced
by
the
noun
travail
meaning
‘
labor
’.
verb
-
travel
,
travelling
,
travels
,
travelled
to
go
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
over
a
long
distance
or
to
a
different
country
•
Many
students
dream
of
travelling
around
the
world
after
graduation
.
Many
students
dream
of
travelling
around
the
world
after
graduation
.
•
Every
morning
,
thousands
of
commuters
travel
by
train
into
the
city
.
Every
morning
,
thousands
of
commuters
travel
by
train
into
the
city
.
Middle
English
travailen
‘
to
journey
’,
from
Old
French
travailler
‘
to
toil
,
labor
,
journey
’.
verb
-
travel
,
travelling
,
travels
,
travelled
(
of
light
,
sound
,
news
,
or
similar
things
)
to
move
or
spread
from
one
place
to
another
.
•
Sound
travels
faster
through
metal
than
through
air
.
Sound
travels
faster
through
metal
than
through
air
.
•
Rumors
can
travel
across
social
media
in
minutes
.
Rumors
can
travel
across
social
media
in
minutes
.
title
verb
-
title
,
titling
,
titles
,
titled
to
give
a
name
to
a
book
,
film
,
piece
of
art
,
or
similar
work
•
The
author
decided
to
title
her
memoir
'Breaking
Free'
.
The
author
decided
to
title
her
memoir
'Breaking
Free'
.
•
What
will
you
title
the
painting
when
it's
finished
?
What
will
you
title
the
painting
when
it's
finished
?
sample
verb
-
sample
,
sampling
,
samples
,
sampled
to
taste
,
try
,
or
experience
a
small
amount
of
something
to
see
what
it
is
like
•
Visitors
can
sample
different
cheeses
at
the
farm
shop
.
Visitors
can
sample
different
cheeses
at
the
farm
shop
.
•
She
sampled
the
soup
and
added
more
salt
.
She
sampled
the
soup
and
added
more
salt
.
verb
-
sample
,
sampling
,
samples
,
sampled
to
collect
small
amounts
of
a
substance
or
select
people
from
a
population
in
order
to
test
or
study
them
•
Scientists
sample
water
from
the
river
every
week
.
Scientists
sample
water
from
the
river
every
week
.
•
The
technician
sampled
the
air
in
the
laboratory
for
contaminants
.
The
technician
sampled
the
air
in
the
laboratory
for
contaminants
.
hill
verb
to
pile
or
draw
earth
up
around
the
base
of
a
plant
to
protect
it
or
help
it
grow
•
After
planting
the
potatoes
,
the
farmer
carefully
hilled
the
soil
around
each
row
.
After
planting
the
potatoes
,
the
farmer
carefully
hilled
the
soil
around
each
row
.
•
You
need
to
keep
hilling
the
stems
so
the
tubers
stay
covered
.
You
need
to
keep
hilling
the
stems
so
the
tubers
stay
covered
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
1600s
,
formed
from
the
noun
sense
+
the
productive
verb-forming
pattern
meaning
“
to
cover
or
heap
with
.”
handle
verb
-
handle
,
handling
,
handles
,
handled
to
deal
with
or
take
care
of
something
or
someone
successfully
•
As
team
leader
,
Priya
must
handle
all
customer
complaints
politely
.
As
team
leader
,
Priya
must
handle
all
customer
complaints
politely
.
•
Can
you
handle
the
cooking
while
I
set
the
table
?
Can
you
handle
the
cooking
while
I
set
the
table
?
verb
-
handle
,
handling
,
handles
,
handled
to
touch
,
lift
,
or
move
something
with
your
hands
•
Please
wash
your
hands
before
you
handle
the
newborn
kittens
.
Please
wash
your
hands
before
you
handle
the
newborn
kittens
.
•
Employees
must
wear
gloves
to
handle
chemicals
in
the
lab
.
Employees
must
wear
gloves
to
handle
chemicals
in
the
lab
.
file
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
put
papers
or
documents
in
a
particular
place
and
order
so
they
can
be
found
later
•
Could
you
file
these
reports
under
"
Finance
"?
Could
you
file
these
reports
under
"
Finance
"?
•
He
filed
the
invoices
alphabetically
.
He
filed
the
invoices
alphabetically
.
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
arrange
papers
or
electronic
information
in
an
ordered
way
so
they
can
be
found
later
•
After
the
meeting
,
Mia
filed
the
contracts
in
the
correct
folder
.
After
the
meeting
,
Mia
filed
the
contracts
in
the
correct
folder
.
•
Remember
to
file
your
emails
by
client
name
.
Remember
to
file
your
emails
by
client
name
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
“
folder
of
papers
”,
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
officially
send
or
present
a
legal
or
formal
document
,
request
,
or
complaint
to
an
authority
•
The
company
will
file
its
tax
return
next
week
.
The
company
will
file
its
tax
return
next
week
.
•
She
decided
to
file
a
complaint
against
the
airline
.
She
decided
to
file
a
complaint
against
the
airline
.
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
smooth
or
shape
something
by
rubbing
it
with
a
file
tool
•
The
jeweler
carefully
filed
the
ring
to
fit
the
stone
.
The
jeweler
carefully
filed
the
ring
to
fit
the
stone
.
•
Remember
to
file
the
edges
after
cutting
the
metal
sheet
.
Remember
to
file
the
edges
after
cutting
the
metal
sheet
.
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
officially
send
a
legal
or
formal
document
to
an
authority
•
The
company
filed
for
bankruptcy
last
year
.
The
company
filed
for
bankruptcy
last
year
.
•
She
plans
to
file
a
complaint
with
the
housing
authority
.
She
plans
to
file
a
complaint
with
the
housing
authority
.
Legal
sense
dates
to
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
placing
a
document
into
an
official
record
.
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
smooth
or
shape
something
by
rubbing
it
with
a
file
tool
•
The
sculptor
carefully
filed
the
rough
edges
of
the
stone
.
The
sculptor
carefully
filed
the
rough
edges
of
the
stone
.
•
She
sat
by
the
window
and
filed
her
nails
.
She
sat
by
the
window
and
filed
her
nails
.
From
the
noun
for
the
tool
;
verb
sense
attested
since
Old
English
.
verb
-
file
,
filing
,
files
,
filed
to
walk
one
behind
another
in
a
line
,
often
slowly
or
quietly
•
The
students
filed
into
the
auditorium
.
The
students
filed
into
the
auditorium
.
•
Tourists
file
past
the
ancient
statue
in
respectful
silence
.
Tourists
file
past
the
ancient
statue
in
respectful
silence
.
hole
verb
-
hole
,
holing
,
holes
,
holed
to
make
an
opening
or
hollow
in
something
by
piercing
,
drilling
,
or
digging
•
A
stray
bullet
holed
the
metal
gate
.
A
stray
bullet
holed
the
metal
gate
.
•
Use
this
drill
to
hole
the
wooden
board
for
the
screws
.
Use
this
drill
to
hole
the
wooden
board
for
the
screws
.
verb
-
hole
,
holing
,
holes
,
holed
to
hit
or
roll
a
golf
or
billiards
ball
into
the
hole
or
pocket
•
She
holed
her
putt
from
ten
meters
and
cheered
.
She
holed
her
putt
from
ten
meters
and
cheered
.
•
If
you
hole
the
ball
in
two
shots
,
that's
a
birdie
.
If
you
hole
the
ball
in
two
shots
,
that's
a
birdie
.
roll
verb
to
move
by
turning
over
and
over
on
a
surface
,
or
to
make
something
move
this
way
•
The
ball
rolled
down
the
hill
until
it
hit
a
tree
.
The
ball
rolled
down
the
hill
until
it
hit
a
tree
.
•
She
laughed
as
her
puppy
tried
to
roll
onto
its
back
to
get
a
belly
rub
.
She
laughed
as
her
puppy
tried
to
roll
onto
its
back
to
get
a
belly
rub
.
Old
French
“
roller
”,
from
Latin
“
rotulus
” (
small
wheel
),
related
to
“
rota
”
meaning
wheel
.
verb
to
move
forward
on
wheels
•
The
train
slowly
rolled
out
of
the
station
.
The
train
slowly
rolled
out
of
the
station
.
•
Make
sure
the
stroller
’
s
wheels
are
locked
,
or
it
might
roll
down
the
ramp
.
Make
sure
the
stroller
’
s
wheels
are
locked
,
or
it
might
roll
down
the
ramp
.
verb
to
shape
something
by
turning
it
round
and
round
,
usually
into
a
tube
or
ball
•
She
rolled
the
dough
into
thin
circles
for
the
tortillas
.
She
rolled
the
dough
into
thin
circles
for
the
tortillas
.
•
He
rolled
a
sheet
of
paper
to
make
a
telescope
for
the
kids
.
He
rolled
a
sheet
of
paper
to
make
a
telescope
for
the
kids
.
verb
(
informal
,
film
)
to
start
or
continue
recording
video
or
sound
•
“
Camera
’
s
rolling
!”
the
director
shouted
before
the
actors
began
the
scene
.
“
Camera
’
s
rolling
!”
the
director
shouted
before
the
actors
began
the
scene
.
•
Keep
it
rolling
—
we
might
catch
a
candid
moment
.
Keep
it
rolling
—
we
might
catch
a
candid
moment
.
battle
verb
-
battle
,
battling
,
battles
,
battled
to
fight
or
struggle
hard
against
an
enemy
or
problem
•
The
soldiers
battle
to
hold
the
bridge
until
reinforcements
arrive
.
The
soldiers
battle
to
hold
the
bridge
until
reinforcements
arrive
.
•
She
continues
to
battle
depression
every
day
.
She
continues
to
battle
depression
every
day
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
14th
century
,
from
the
noun
.
smile
verb
-
smile
,
smiling
,
smiles
,
smiled
to
curve
the
corners
of
your
mouth
upward
to
show
happiness
,
friendliness
,
or
amusement
•
The
baby
smiled
when
she
saw
her
mother
.
The
baby
smiled
when
she
saw
her
mother
.
•
He
couldn't
help
but
smile
at
the
silly
joke
.
He
couldn't
help
but
smile
at
the
silly
joke
.
verb
-
smile
,
smiling
,
smiles
,
smiled
to
make
a
happy
expression
by
curving
the
corners
of
the
mouth
upward
•
The
little
boy
smiled
when
he
saw
the
ice-cream
truck
.
The
little
boy
smiled
when
he
saw
the
ice-cream
truck
.
•
Please
smile
for
the
camera
!
Please
smile
for
the
camera
!
Old
English
smilan
,
influenced
by
Middle
Low
German
smilen
,
both
meaning
“
to
smile
.”
scale
verb
-
scale
,
scaling
,
scales
,
scaled
to
climb
to
the
top
of
something
high
and
steep
,
such
as
a
wall
,
cliff
,
or
mountain
•
The
firefighters
quickly
scaled
the
ladder
to
rescue
the
cat
on
the
roof
.
The
firefighters
quickly
scaled
the
ladder
to
rescue
the
cat
on
the
roof
.
•
During
the
hike
,
we
plan
to
scale
the
rocky
cliff
before
noon
.
During
the
hike
,
we
plan
to
scale
the
rocky
cliff
before
noon
.
From
Latin
scala
‘
ladder
’,
first
used
in
English
around
14th
century
meaning
‘
to
climb
with
or
as
if
with
a
ladder
’.
verb
-
scale
,
scaling
,
scales
,
scaled
to
change
the
size
of
something
proportionally
,
often
to
make
it
larger
or
smaller
•
The
start-up
hopes
to
scale
its
operations
to
serve
customers
worldwide
.
The
start-up
hopes
to
scale
its
operations
to
serve
customers
worldwide
.
•
You
can
scale
the
image
down
to
50
%
so
it
fits
the
page
.
You
can
scale
the
image
down
to
50
%
so
it
fits
the
page
.
Modern
business
and
computing
use
from
earlier
sense
‘
to
measure
by
a
scale
’,
extended
to
‘
adjust
size
or
capacity
’.
recall
verb
to
remember
something
that
happened
in
the
past
•
I
suddenly
recall
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
pies
cooling
on
the
windowsill
.
I
suddenly
recall
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
pies
cooling
on
the
windowsill
.
•
Can
you
recall
where
you
left
the
car
keys
?
Can
you
recall
where
you
left
the
car
keys
?
From
Latin
recallō
‘
call
back
’ (
re-
‘
back
’
+
callō
‘
call
’).
verb
to
officially
order
someone
to
return
,
especially
from
a
job
,
post
,
or
place
•
The
government
decided
to
recall
its
ambassador
after
the
diplomatic
dispute
.
The
government
decided
to
recall
its
ambassador
after
the
diplomatic
dispute
.
•
All
soldiers
on
leave
were
recalled
to
base
when
the
emergency
was
declared
.
All
soldiers
on
leave
were
recalled
to
base
when
the
emergency
was
declared
.
verb
to
ask
customers
to
return
a
defective
or
unsafe
product
so
it
can
be
repaired
or
replaced
•
The
carmaker
had
to
recall
thousands
of
vehicles
because
of
faulty
brakes
.
The
carmaker
had
to
recall
thousands
of
vehicles
because
of
faulty
brakes
.
•
The
toy
company
quickly
recalled
the
dolls
after
reports
of
loose
parts
.
The
toy
company
quickly
recalled
the
dolls
after
reports
of
loose
parts
.
bowl
verb
-
bowl
,
bowling
,
bowls
,
bowled
to
roll
a
ball
along
the
ground
in
games
like
ten-pin
bowling
to
try
to
knock
something
down
•
Sam
bowled
the
heavy
ball
straight
down
the
lane
and
hit
all
ten
pins
.
Sam
bowled
the
heavy
ball
straight
down
the
lane
and
hit
all
ten
pins
.
•
Be
careful
not
to
drop
the
ball
when
you
bowl
.
Be
careful
not
to
drop
the
ball
when
you
bowl
.
verb
-
bowl
,
bowling
,
bowls
,
bowled
in
cricket
,
to
deliver
the
ball
toward
the
batsman
•
The
fast
bowler
bowled
a
perfect
yorker
that
smashed
into
the
stumps
.
The
fast
bowler
bowled
a
perfect
yorker
that
smashed
into
the
stumps
.
•
She
loves
to
bowl
spin
because
it
tricks
the
batsman
.
She
loves
to
bowl
spin
because
it
tricks
the
batsman
.
verb
-
bowl
,
bowling
,
bowls
,
bowled
to
move
quickly
,
smoothly
,
and
often
without
much
care
•
The
old
bus
bowled
along
the
mountain
road
,
making
everyone
sway
.
The
old
bus
bowled
along
the
mountain
road
,
making
everyone
sway
.
•
He
grabbed
his
suitcase
and
bowled
through
the
station
,
nearly
missing
his
train
.
He
grabbed
his
suitcase
and
bowled
through
the
station
,
nearly
missing
his
train
.
poll
verb
to
ask
many
people
the
same
questions
to
find
out
what
they
think
about
something
•
The
research
team
polled
1
,
000
voters
across
the
country
.
The
research
team
polled
1
,
000
voters
across
the
country
.
•
We
plan
to
poll
our
employees
about
remote
work
options
.
We
plan
to
poll
our
employees
about
remote
work
options
.
verb
to
receive
a
particular
number
of
votes
in
an
election
•
The
independent
candidate
polled
over
10
,
000
votes
in
the
city
.
The
independent
candidate
polled
over
10
,
000
votes
in
the
city
.
•
Our
party
hopes
to
poll
enough
support
to
win
a
majority
.
Our
party
hopes
to
poll
enough
support
to
win
a
majority
.
settle
verb
-
settle
,
settling
,
settles
,
settled
to
become
quiet
,
calm
,
or
still
•
The
baby
cried
for
a
while
but
soon
settled
and
fell
asleep
.
The
baby
cried
for
a
while
but
soon
settled
and
fell
asleep
.
•
Please
settle
and
take
your
seats
before
the
movie
starts
.
Please
settle
and
take
your
seats
before
the
movie
starts
.
Old
sense
linked
to
objects
‘
coming
to
rest
’;
later
used
for
people
and
feelings
.
verb
-
settle
,
settling
,
settles
,
settled
to
end
a
disagreement
by
reaching
an
agreement
that
everyone
accepts
•
The
two
neighbors
finally
settled
their
long
dispute
over
the
fence
line
.
The
two
neighbors
finally
settled
their
long
dispute
over
the
fence
line
.
•
After
hours
of
talks
,
the
union
and
the
company
settled
on
a
fair
contract
.
After
hours
of
talks
,
the
union
and
the
company
settled
on
a
fair
contract
.
From
Old
English
‘
setlan
’
meaning
‘
to
place
or
make
stable
’.
verb
-
settle
,
settling
,
settles
,
settled
to
move
to
a
new
place
and
make
it
your
permanent
home
•
After
the
war
,
many
families
settled
in
the
quiet
valley
.
After
the
war
,
many
families
settled
in
the
quiet
valley
.
•
The
birds
settle
in
the
same
marsh
every
spring
.
The
birds
settle
in
the
same
marsh
every
spring
.
Sense
developed
in
Middle
English
as
people
‘
set
’
themselves
down
in
new
lands
.
verb
-
settle
,
settling
,
settles
,
settled
to
pay
the
money
that
you
owe
•
Could
you
settle
the
bill
before
we
leave
the
restaurant
?
Could
you
settle
the
bill
before
we
leave
the
restaurant
?
•
He
settled
his
debt
to
the
bank
early
.
He
settled
his
debt
to
the
bank
early
.
Financial
sense
appears
in
18th-century
English
bookkeeping
.
verb
-
settle
,
settling
,
settles
,
settled
for
light
things
like
dust
,
snow
,
or
liquid
particles
to
fall
and
stay
on
a
surface
or
at
the
bottom
•
A
thin
layer
of
snow
settled
on
the
rooftops
overnight
.
A
thin
layer
of
snow
settled
on
the
rooftops
overnight
.
•
Let
the
coffee
stand
so
the
grounds
can
settle
at
the
bottom
.
Let
the
coffee
stand
so
the
grounds
can
settle
at
the
bottom
.
From
the
idea
of
letting
something
‘
sit
’
until
still
.
fuel
noun
a
substance
such
as
petrol
,
coal
,
wood
,
or
gas
that
is
burned
to
produce
heat
or
power
•
Cars
need
fuel
to
run
long
distances
.
Cars
need
fuel
to
run
long
distances
.
•
The
hikers
packed
extra
fuel
for
their
small
camping
stove
.
The
hikers
packed
extra
fuel
for
their
small
camping
stove
.
From
Old
French
“
fuel
”
or
“
fouaille
”,
from
Medieval
Latin
“
focalia
”
meaning
‘
firewood
’,
ultimately
from
Latin
“
focus
” ‘
hearth
’.
verb
to
put
fuel
into
a
vehicle
,
machine
,
or
system
so
that
it
can
work
•
Technicians
fueled
the
spacecraft
before
launch
.
Technicians
fueled
the
spacecraft
before
launch
.
•
I
always
fuel
the
lawnmower
before
starting
the
engine
.
I
always
fuel
the
lawnmower
before
starting
the
engine
.
verb
to
make
something
,
especially
an
emotion
or
situation
,
increase
or
become
more
intense
•
The
scandal
fueled
public
outrage
.
The
scandal
fueled
public
outrage
.
•
Cheap
online
ads
fuel
consumer
demand
for
new
gadgets
.
Cheap
online
ads
fuel
consumer
demand
for
new
gadgets
.
email
verb
-
email
,
emailing
,
emails
,
emailed
to
send
a
message
to
someone
using
email
.
•
Please
email
me
the
report
before
noon
.
Please
email
me
the
report
before
noon
.
•
She
emailed
the
wedding
invitations
to
all
her
friends
.
She
emailed
the
wedding
invitations
to
all
her
friends
.
struggle
verb
-
struggle
,
struggling
,
struggles
,
struggled
to
try
very
hard
to
do
something
difficult
,
often
without
quick
success
•
The
small
puppy
struggled
to
climb
the
tall
stairs
.
The
small
puppy
struggled
to
climb
the
tall
stairs
.
•
Even
with
tutoring
,
Liam
still
struggles
with
algebra
.
Even
with
tutoring
,
Liam
still
struggles
with
algebra
.
Late
Middle
English
,
probably
from
Old
French
‘
estruggle
’,
of
unknown
origin
.
verb
-
struggle
,
struggling
,
struggles
,
struggled
to
try
very
hard
to
do
something
difficult
or
to
deal
with
a
challenging
situation
•
Maria
continued
to
struggle
with
her
homework
until
she
finally
understood
the
problem
.
Maria
continued
to
struggle
with
her
homework
until
she
finally
understood
the
problem
.
•
Many
small
businesses
struggle
to
survive
during
economic
downturns
.
Many
small
businesses
struggle
to
survive
during
economic
downturns
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
estrugler
’
meaning
‘
to
wrestle
’.
verb
-
struggle
,
struggling
,
struggles
,
struggled
to
fight
someone
or
something
by
pushing
,
pulling
,
or
wrestling
•
The
thief
struggled
with
the
security
guard
at
the
door
until
backup
arrived
.
The
thief
struggled
with
the
security
guard
at
the
door
until
backup
arrived
.
•
The
toddler
struggled
against
his
mother
as
she
tried
to
put
on
his
coat
.
The
toddler
struggled
against
his
mother
as
she
tried
to
put
on
his
coat
.
verb
-
struggle
,
struggling
,
struggles
,
struggled
to
move
slowly
and
with
great
effort
because
something
is
difficult
or
you
are
tired
•
After
the
storm
,
cars
struggled
through
the
flooded
street
.
After
the
storm
,
cars
struggled
through
the
flooded
street
.
•
The
old
dog
struggled
up
the
stairs
but
wagged
its
tail
at
the
top
.
The
old
dog
struggled
up
the
stairs
but
wagged
its
tail
at
the
top
.
panel
noun
a
flat
,
often
rectangular
piece
of
wood
,
glass
,
metal
,
or
another
material
that
forms
part
of
a
wall
,
door
,
fence
,
screen
,
or
other
surface
•
The
carpenter
replaced
a
broken
panel
in
the
old
wooden
door
.
The
carpenter
replaced
a
broken
panel
in
the
old
wooden
door
.
•
Sunlight
poured
through
the
glass
panel
in
the
roof
.
Sunlight
poured
through
the
glass
panel
in
the
roof
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
panel
"
meaning
a
piece
of
cloth
or
a
small
section
of
something
.
noun
a
small
group
of
people
chosen
to
discuss
,
judge
,
or
decide
something
•
A
panel
of
experts
answered
questions
from
the
audience
.
A
panel
of
experts
answered
questions
from
the
audience
.
•
She
served
on
the
interview
panel
that
hired
new
teachers
.
She
served
on
the
interview
panel
that
hired
new
teachers
.
The
idea
of
a
"
panel
"
as
a
separate
section
extended
metaphorically
in
the
17th
century
to
mean
a
group
set
apart
for
decision-making
.
noun
a
board
or
surface
containing
buttons
,
switches
,
or
information
displays
used
to
control
or
monitor
a
machine
or
system
•
Press
the
red
button
on
the
control
panel
to
start
the
machine
.
Press
the
red
button
on
the
control
panel
to
start
the
machine
.
•
The
pilot
studied
the
instrument
panel
before
take-off
.
The
pilot
studied
the
instrument
panel
before
take-off
.
Twentieth-century
technological
advances
broadened
"
panel
"
to
mean
a
flat
surface
filled
with
controls
.
noun
a
single
frame
or
box
in
a
comic
strip
or
graphic
novel
that
contains
part
of
the
story
•
The
first
comic
panel
shows
the
hero
waking
up
late
.
The
first
comic
panel
shows
the
hero
waking
up
late
.
•
Speech
bubbles
filled
the
upper
half
of
the
panel
.
Speech
bubbles
filled
the
upper
half
of
the
panel
.
Comics
adopted
"
panel
"
in
the
early
1900s
to
describe
each
boxed
picture
,
paralleling
its
sense
of
a
distinct
section
.
verb
-
panel
,
paneling
,
panels
,
paneled
to
cover
or
decorate
a
surface
with
flat
pieces
of
wood
,
metal
,
or
other
material
•
They
paneled
the
basement
walls
with
light
oak
boards
.
They
paneled
the
basement
walls
with
light
oak
boards
.
•
Historic
libraries
are
often
paneled
in
dark
wood
.
Historic
libraries
are
often
paneled
in
dark
wood
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
1600s
,
directly
from
the
noun
,
meaning
“
fit
with
panels
.”
circle
verb
-
circle
,
circling
,
circles
,
circled
to
draw
a
round
line
around
something
to
highlight
or
mark
it
•
Please
circle
the
correct
answer
on
the
test
.
Please
circle
the
correct
answer
on
the
test
.
•
She
circled
the
date
on
her
calendar
.
She
circled
the
date
on
her
calendar
.
verb
-
circle
,
circling
,
circles
,
circled
to
move
all
the
way
around
something
,
or
to
move
repeatedly
in
a
loop
around
it
•
The
eagle
circled
above
the
canyon
.
The
eagle
circled
above
the
canyon
.
•
A
shark
was
circling
the
boat
.
A
shark
was
circling
the
boat
.
pool
verb
-
pool
,
pooling
,
pools
,
pooled
to
combine
money
,
information
,
or
other
resources
so
that
they
can
be
used
together
•
The
students
pooled
their
money
to
buy
a
birthday
cake
for
the
teacher
.
The
students
pooled
their
money
to
buy
a
birthday
cake
for
the
teacher
.
•
During
the
blackout
,
neighbors
agreed
to
pool
their
generators
to
keep
important
appliances
running
.
During
the
blackout
,
neighbors
agreed
to
pool
their
generators
to
keep
important
appliances
running
.
Verb
sense
arises
from
gamblers
‘
pooling
’
stakes
;
first
recorded
in
the
1870s
.
verb
-
pool
,
pooling
,
pools
,
pooled
(
of
liquid
)
to
collect
in
one
place
and
form
a
small
,
still
area
•
Water
began
to
pool
on
the
kitchen
floor
when
the
pipe
burst
.
Water
began
to
pool
on
the
kitchen
floor
when
the
pipe
burst
.
•
Sweat
pooled
on
her
forehead
after
she
finished
the
marathon
.
Sweat
pooled
on
her
forehead
after
she
finished
the
marathon
.
From
the
noun
‘
pool
’;
first
used
as
a
verb
meaning
‘
to
form
a
puddle
’
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
acknowledge
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
accept
or
admit
that
something
is
true
or
exists
•
Mia
finally
acknowledged
that
she
had
made
a
mistake
.
Mia
finally
acknowledged
that
she
had
made
a
mistake
.
•
He
wouldn
’
t
acknowledge
the
problem
even
after
we
showed
him
proof
.
He
wouldn
’
t
acknowledge
the
problem
even
after
we
showed
him
proof
.
From
Middle
English
acknowlechen
,
influenced
by
late
Middle
English
knowlechen
(“
confess
”).
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
show
that
you
have
noticed
someone
or
appreciate
what
they
have
done
•
The
speaker
acknowledged
the
volunteers
for
their
hard
work
.
The
speaker
acknowledged
the
volunteers
for
their
hard
work
.
•
She
smiled
to
acknowledge
his
help
.
She
smiled
to
acknowledge
his
help
.
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
let
someone
know
that
you
have
received
something
such
as
a
letter
,
message
,
or
package
•
Please
acknowledge
this
email
as
soon
as
possible
.
Please
acknowledge
this
email
as
soon
as
possible
.
•
The
office
quickly
acknowledged
my
application
.
The
office
quickly
acknowledged
my
application
.
verb
-
acknowledge
,
acknowledging
,
acknowledges
,
acknowledged
to
give
a
small
sign
such
as
a
nod
or
smile
to
show
you
have
noticed
someone
•
The
guard
acknowledged
us
with
a
brief
nod
.
The
guard
acknowledged
us
with
a
brief
nod
.
•
She
didn
’
t
even
acknowledge
me
when
I
walked
by
.
She
didn
’
t
even
acknowledge
me
when
I
walked
by
.
equal
adjective
having
the
same
level
,
amount
,
number
,
or
value
as
something
else
•
The
two
rooms
are
equal
in
size
.
The
two
rooms
are
equal
in
size
.
•
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
Each
child
received
an
equal
share
of
the
cake
.
From
Latin
aequalis
“
even
,
level
,
uniform
,
identical
,”
from
aequus
“
level
,
even
.”
adjective
having
the
same
rights
,
opportunities
,
and
importance
as
other
people
•
They
believe
that
all
people
are
born
equal
.
They
believe
that
all
people
are
born
equal
.
•
The
new
law
gives
women
equal
pay
for
the
same
work
.
The
new
law
gives
women
equal
pay
for
the
same
work
.
verb
to
be
or
make
the
same
in
number
,
size
,
value
,
or
amount
•
One
dollar
equals
about
0
.
9
euros
today
.
One
dollar
equals
about
0
.
9
euros
today
.
•
Four
plus
four
equals
eight
.
Four
plus
four
equals
eight
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
as
good
,
important
,
or
skilled
as
another
•
In
chess
,
she
has
no
equal
at
our
club
.
In
chess
,
she
has
no
equal
at
our
club
.
•
We
searched
for
his
equal
among
the
candidates
.
We
searched
for
his
equal
among
the
candidates
.
adjective
(
followed
by
“
to
”)
able
to
do
or
deal
with
something
successfully
•
She
is
equal
to
the
challenge
of
leading
the
team
.
She
is
equal
to
the
challenge
of
leading
the
team
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
he
felt
equal
to
climbing
the
mountain
.
After
months
of
training
,
he
felt
equal
to
climbing
the
mountain
.
bottle
verb
-
bottle
,
bottling
,
bottles
,
bottled
to
put
a
liquid
or
substance
into
bottles
for
storage
or
sale
•
Farmers
bottle
the
fresh
milk
early
every
morning
.
Farmers
bottle
the
fresh
milk
early
every
morning
.
•
After
fermenting
,
the
brewery
bottles
the
beer
for
distribution
.
After
fermenting
,
the
brewery
bottles
the
beer
for
distribution
.
metal
noun
-
metal
,
metalling
,
metals
,
metalled
a
solid
chemical
element
or
alloy
such
as
iron
,
gold
,
or
aluminium
that
is
usually
hard
,
shiny
,
and
able
to
conduct
heat
and
electricity
•
The
bridge
is
built
from
strong
metal
to
carry
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
The
bridge
is
built
from
strong
metal
to
carry
thousands
of
cars
each
day
.
•
When
heated
,
the
metal
sheet
expanded
slightly
and
changed
shape
.
When
heated
,
the
metal
sheet
expanded
slightly
and
changed
shape
.
from
Old
French
metal
,
from
Latin
metallum
“
mine
,
metal
,”
from
Ancient
Greek
métallon
“
mine
,
quarry
,
metal
.”
initial
verb
-
initial
,
initialing
,
initials
,
initialed
,
initialled
to
sign
a
document
by
writing
your
initials
as
a
quick
form
of
approval
•
Please
initial
each
page
before
you
submit
the
contract
.
Please
initial
each
page
before
you
submit
the
contract
.
•
The
nurse
asked
me
to
initial
the
consent
form
.
The
nurse
asked
me
to
initial
the
consent
form
.
Verb
use
attested
from
the
19th
century
,
from
the
noun
sense
of
“
initial
.”
channel
verb
-
channel
,
channeling
,
channels
,
channeled
to
direct
something
such
as
money
,
energy
,
or
feelings
toward
a
particular
purpose
or
place
•
The
organization
channeled
all
its
funds
into
building
new
schools
.
The
organization
channeled
all
its
funds
into
building
new
schools
.
•
She
channeled
her
anger
into
writing
powerful
poems
.
She
channeled
her
anger
into
writing
powerful
poems
.
Figurative
use
of
the
noun
sense
:
something
flows
along
a
prepared
path
.
verb
-
channel
,
channeling
,
channels
,
channeled
to
imitate
or
express
the
style
,
character
,
or
spirit
of
another
person
or
thing
•
The
actor
channeled
Charlie
Chaplin
in
his
silent
comedy
performance
.
The
actor
channeled
Charlie
Chaplin
in
his
silent
comedy
performance
.
•
During
the
meeting
,
she
channeled
her
inner
lawyer
and
spoke
with
surprising
authority
.
During
the
meeting
,
she
channeled
her
inner
lawyer
and
spoke
with
surprising
authority
.
Modern
figurative
extension
:
to
let
someone
’
s
qualities
‘
flow
through
’
you
like
a
current
in
a
channel
.
smell
verb
-
smell
,
smelling
,
smells
,
smelled
,
smelt
to
notice
an
odor
through
your
nose
•
She
smelled
the
rose
and
smiled
.
She
smelled
the
rose
and
smiled
.
•
Can
you
smell
the
smoke
coming
from
the
fireplace
?
Can
you
smell
the
smoke
coming
from
the
fireplace
?
verb
-
smell
,
smelling
,
smells
,
smelled
,
smelt
to
have
a
particular
odor
•
The
fish
smells
bad
;
we
should
throw
it
away
.
The
fish
smells
bad
;
we
should
throw
it
away
.
•
This
shampoo
smells
like
coconut
.
This
shampoo
smells
like
coconut
.
verb
to
strongly
suspect
that
something
is
wrong
or
dishonest
•
I
smell
trouble
coming
if
we
don't
act
now
.
I
smell
trouble
coming
if
we
don't
act
now
.
•
The
journalist
smelled
a
lie
in
the
politician's
answer
.
The
journalist
smelled
a
lie
in
the
politician's
answer
.
appeal
verb
to
be
interesting
,
attractive
,
or
pleasing
to
someone
•
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
The
idea
of
working
abroad
really
appeals
to
me
.
•
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
Bright
colors
often
appeal
to
children
.
verb
to
formally
ask
a
higher
law-court
or
authority
to
change
or
overturn
a
decision
that
you
think
is
wrong
•
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
The
company
decided
to
appeal
after
the
court
ruled
against
them
.
•
If
you
believe
the
referee
’
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
If
you
believe
the
referee
’
s
call
was
unfair
,
you
can
appeal
to
the
tournament
committee
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
apel
’ (
noun
), ‘
apeler
’ (
verb
),
from
Latin
‘
appellare
’
meaning
‘
to
call
upon
’.
enable
verb
-
enable
,
enabling
,
enables
,
enabled
to
make
it
possible
for
something
to
happen
or
for
someone
to
do
something
•
Good
planning
enabled
the
team
to
finish
the
project
early
.
Good
planning
enabled
the
team
to
finish
the
project
early
.
•
The
new
ramp
enables
wheelchair
users
to
enter
the
building
easily
.
The
new
ramp
enables
wheelchair
users
to
enter
the
building
easily
.
verb
-
enable
,
enabling
,
enables
,
enabled
to
switch
on
a
function
or
device
so
that
it
becomes
active
and
can
be
used
•
Tap
this
switch
to
enable
airplane
mode
on
your
phone
.
Tap
this
switch
to
enable
airplane
mode
on
your
phone
.
•
The
technician
enabled
the
security
cameras
with
a
few
clicks
.
The
technician
enabled
the
security
cameras
with
a
few
clicks
.
verb
-
enable
,
enabling
,
enables
,
enabled
to
allow
or
encourage
someone
to
continue
harmful
or
irresponsible
behavior
by
removing
the
natural
consequences
•
Giving
him
money
after
he
wastes
it
only
enables
his
bad
spending
habits
.
Giving
him
money
after
he
wastes
it
only
enables
his
bad
spending
habits
.
•
His
friends
enabled
his
addiction
by
covering
for
him
.
His
friends
enabled
his
addiction
by
covering
for
him
.
trail
verb
-
trail
,
trailing
,
trails
,
trailed
to
pull
or
let
something
hang
so
that
it
drags
along
the
ground
behind
you
.
•
She
trailed
her
scarf
in
the
snow
without
noticing
.
She
trailed
her
scarf
in
the
snow
without
noticing
.
•
The
little
boy
trailed
his
toy
truck
by
a
string
across
the
yard
.
The
little
boy
trailed
his
toy
truck
by
a
string
across
the
yard
.
verb
-
trail
,
trailing
,
trails
,
trailed
to
move
slowly
or
fall
behind
others
because
you
are
tired
or
slower
.
•
The
children
trailed
behind
their
teacher
during
the
museum
tour
.
The
children
trailed
behind
their
teacher
during
the
museum
tour
.
•
I
started
to
trail
after
the
fourth
mile
of
the
race
.
I
started
to
trail
after
the
fourth
mile
of
the
race
.
verb
-
trail
,
trailing
,
trails
,
trailed
to
be
behind
an
opponent
in
points
,
votes
,
or
progress
.
•
Our
team
trailed
by
two
goals
at
halftime
.
Our
team
trailed
by
two
goals
at
halftime
.
•
The
candidate
still
trails
her
rival
in
the
latest
polls
.
The
candidate
still
trails
her
rival
in
the
latest
polls
.
verb
-
trail
,
trailing
,
trails
,
trailed
to
grow
or
hang
downward
or
over
a
surface
in
a
loose
line
.
•
Ivy
trailed
down
the
old
brick
wall
.
Ivy
trailed
down
the
old
brick
wall
.
•
Her
long
hair
trailed
over
her
shoulders
.
Her
long
hair
trailed
over
her
shoulders
.
verb
-
trail
,
trailing
,
trails
,
trailed
to
secretly
follow
someone
in
order
to
find
out
where
they
go
or
what
they
do
.
•
The
private
detective
trailed
the
suspect
for
three
days
.
The
private
detective
trailed
the
suspect
for
three
days
.
•
Journalists
trailed
the
famous
actor
through
the
airport
.
Journalists
trailed
the
famous
actor
through
the
airport
.
muscle
verb
-
muscle
,
muscling
,
muscles
,
muscled
to
move
or
force
your
way
somewhere
,
or
to
make
someone
do
something
,
by
using
strength
or
determination
•
He
muscled
the
box
onto
the
shelf
by
himself
.
He
muscled
the
box
onto
the
shelf
by
himself
.
•
The
company
tried
to
muscle
its
rival
out
of
the
market
.
The
company
tried
to
muscle
its
rival
out
of
the
market
.
e-mail
verb
to
send
something
,
such
as
a
message
or
file
,
to
someone
by
electronic
mail
•
Could
you
e-mail
me
the
file
by
noon
?
Could
you
e-mail
me
the
file
by
noon
?
•
She
e-mailed
her
application
to
the
university
last
night
.
She
e-mailed
her
application
to
the
university
last
night
.
Derived
from
the
noun
"
e-mail
",
with
the
first
recorded
verb
usage
appearing
in
the
late
1980s
.
cycle
verb
-
cycle
,
cycling
,
cycles
,
cycled
to
travel
somewhere
by
riding
a
bicycle
•
We
decided
to
cycle
along
the
river
on
Sunday
.
We
decided
to
cycle
along
the
river
on
Sunday
.
•
He
cycled
ten
miles
to
get
to
work
.
He
cycled
ten
miles
to
get
to
work
.
Verbal
use
from
the
noun
‘
cycle
’ (
bicycle
),
first
recorded
in
the
1880s
with
the
rise
of
cycling
clubs
in
Britain
.
verb
-
cycle
,
cycling
,
cycles
,
cycled
to
move
or
cause
something
to
move
through
a
series
of
repeated
stages
•
Press
the
button
to
cycle
through
the
different
display
modes
.
Press
the
button
to
cycle
through
the
different
display
modes
.
•
The
computer
automatically
cycles
the
back-up
tasks
every
night
.
The
computer
automatically
cycles
the
back-up
tasks
every
night
.
Extended
technical
use
from
the
general
noun
sense
of
‘
cycle
’,
recorded
in
engineering
contexts
from
the
early
20th
century
.
signal
verb
-
signal
,
signalling
,
signals
,
signaled
,
signalled
to
make
a
gesture
,
sound
,
or
action
in
order
to
give
information
or
tell
someone
to
do
something
•
The
lifeguard
signaled
swimmers
to
come
back
to
shore
.
The
lifeguard
signaled
swimmers
to
come
back
to
shore
.
•
If
you
need
the
bill
,
just
signal
the
waiter
by
raising
your
hand
.
If
you
need
the
bill
,
just
signal
the
waiter
by
raising
your
hand
.
soil
verb
-
soil
,
soiling
,
soils
,
soiled
to
make
something
dirty
by
getting
it
covered
with
earth
,
liquid
,
or
any
unwanted
substance
•
Be
careful
not
to
soil
your
new
shirt
with
paint
.
Be
careful
not
to
soil
your
new
shirt
with
paint
.
•
The
baby
soiled
her
diaper
and
began
to
cry
.
The
baby
soiled
her
diaper
and
began
to
cry
.
verb
-
soil
,
soiling
,
soils
,
soiled
to
spread
manure
or
other
natural
fertilizer
on
land
to
improve
it
•
Farmers
often
soil
the
fields
in
early
spring
.
Farmers
often
soil
the
fields
in
early
spring
.
•
The
estate
workers
soiled
the
vineyard
annually
to
enrich
the
grapes
.
The
estate
workers
soiled
the
vineyard
annually
to
enrich
the
grapes
.
double
adjective
-
double
,
doubling
,
doubles
,
doubled
twice
as
large
,
many
,
or
much
as
the
usual
amount
.
•
He
ordered
a
double
cheeseburger
because
he
was
very
hungry
.
He
ordered
a
double
cheeseburger
because
he
was
very
hungry
.
•
During
the
sale
,
the
store
offered
double
points
on
every
purchase
.
During
the
sale
,
the
store
offered
double
points
on
every
purchase
.
verb
-
double
,
doubling
,
doubles
,
doubled
to
make
something
become
twice
as
big
,
many
,
or
much
,
or
to
become
twice
that
amount
.
•
The
company
doubled
its
profits
in
just
one
year
.
The
company
doubled
its
profits
in
just
one
year
.
•
Attendance
at
the
festival
has
doubled
since
last
summer
.
Attendance
at
the
festival
has
doubled
since
last
summer
.
jail
verb
to
put
someone
in
jail
;
to
imprison
•
The
court
decided
to
jail
the
smuggler
for
five
years
.
The
court
decided
to
jail
the
smuggler
for
five
years
.
•
Authorities
jailed
the
protest
leader
overnight
.
Authorities
jailed
the
protest
leader
overnight
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
jail
,”
used
as
a
verb
since
the
17th
century
.
profile
verb
-
profile
,
profiling
,
profiles
,
profiled
To
write
about
or
present
the
most
important
facts
about
someone
or
something
.
•
The
documentary
profiles
several
families
living
in
the
desert
.
The
documentary
profiles
several
families
living
in
the
desert
.
•
The
newspaper
will
profile
the
mayor
in
Sunday
’
s
edition
.
The
newspaper
will
profile
the
mayor
in
Sunday
’
s
edition
.
verb
-
profile
,
profiling
,
profiles
,
profiled
To
collect
information
about
people
and
sort
them
into
categories
,
often
to
predict
behavior
,
sometimes
unfairly
.
•
Some
stores
use
cameras
to
profile
shoppers
and
target
ads
.
Some
stores
use
cameras
to
profile
shoppers
and
target
ads
.
•
Civil
rights
groups
warn
against
profiling
people
based
on
race
.
Civil
rights
groups
warn
against
profiling
people
based
on
race
.
schedule
verb
-
schedule
,
scheduling
,
schedules
,
scheduled
to
decide
and
set
a
specific
time
for
something
to
happen
•
The
dentist
scheduled
my
check-up
for
next
Tuesday
.
The
dentist
scheduled
my
check-up
for
next
Tuesday
.
•
They
want
to
schedule
the
meeting
right
after
lunch
.
They
want
to
schedule
the
meeting
right
after
lunch
.
wheel
verb
to
push
or
move
something
that
has
wheels
•
The
nurse
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
operating
room
.
The
nurse
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
operating
room
.
•
Please
wheel
the
shopping
cart
back
to
the
store
entrance
.
Please
wheel
the
shopping
cart
back
to
the
store
entrance
.
verb
to
turn
or
move
quickly
in
a
circle
or
change
direction
suddenly
•
Seagulls
wheeled
above
the
fishing
boats
at
dawn
.
Seagulls
wheeled
above
the
fishing
boats
at
dawn
.
•
He
wheeled
around
when
someone
called
his
name
.
He
wheeled
around
when
someone
called
his
name
.
install
verb
to
put
equipment
,
furniture
,
or
a
system
in
place
and
make
it
ready
to
use
•
The
plumber
will
install
the
new
sink
tomorrow
.
The
plumber
will
install
the
new
sink
tomorrow
.
•
Technicians
are
installing
solar
panels
on
our
roof
today
.
Technicians
are
installing
solar
panels
on
our
roof
today
.
From
Middle
French
installer
,
from
Medieval
Latin
installare
,
from
in-
“
in
”
+
stallum
“
place
,
stall
”.
Originally
referred
to
placing
someone
in
an
official
seat
.
verb
to
put
computer
software
onto
a
device
so
it
can
be
used
•
I
need
to
install
the
latest
update
before
the
game
will
run
.
I
need
to
install
the
latest
update
before
the
game
will
run
.
•
She
is
installing
a
photo-editing
app
on
her
tablet
.
She
is
installing
a
photo-editing
app
on
her
tablet
.
verb
to
formally
place
someone
in
an
important
job
or
position
•
The
committee
installed
her
as
the
new
chairperson
after
the
vote
.
The
committee
installed
her
as
the
new
chairperson
after
the
vote
.
•
A
solemn
ceremony
will
install
the
archbishop
next
week
.
A
solemn
ceremony
will
install
the
archbishop
next
week
.
cable
verb
-
cable
,
cabling
,
cables
,
cabled
to
send
a
message
or
news
by
telegraph
or
other
rapid
wire
service
,
especially
across
long
distances
•
In
1915
,
the
reporter
cabled
the
news
back
to
London
from
the
battlefield
.
In
1915
,
the
reporter
cabled
the
news
back
to
London
from
the
battlefield
.
•
He
promised
to
cable
me
the
results
as
soon
as
he
arrived
in
New
York
.
He
promised
to
cable
me
the
results
as
soon
as
he
arrived
in
New
York
.
From
the
noun
cable
,
referring
to
the
undersea
telegraph
cables
first
laid
in
the
19th
century
.
yell
verb
to
shout
in
a
loud
,
sharp
voice
,
often
because
you
are
angry
,
excited
,
or
trying
to
be
heard
•
Please
don
’
t
yell
at
your
sister
;
she
’
s
only
trying
to
help
.
Please
don
’
t
yell
at
your
sister
;
she
’
s
only
trying
to
help
.
•
The
fans
began
to
yell
with
joy
when
their
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
The
fans
began
to
yell
with
joy
when
their
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
Old
English
‘
gellan
’
and
Old
Norse
‘
gella
’
both
meaning
‘
to
shout
or
sing
loudly
’;
related
to
‘
yowl
’.
mail
verb
to
send
a
letter
or
package
through
the
postal
service
•
I
will
mail
the
package
tomorrow
morning
.
I
will
mail
the
package
tomorrow
morning
.
•
She
mailed
her
grandparents
a
postcard
from
Rome
.
She
mailed
her
grandparents
a
postcard
from
Rome
.
From
the
noun
'mail'
;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
17th
century
.
steel
verb
to
make
yourself
or
someone
else
mentally
strong
and
ready
to
face
something
difficult
or
unpleasant
•
He
steeled
himself
before
announcing
the
bad
news
to
the
team
.
He
steeled
himself
before
announcing
the
bad
news
to
the
team
.
•
She
took
a
deep
breath
and
steeled
herself
for
the
final
exam
.
She
took
a
deep
breath
and
steeled
herself
for
the
final
exam
.
From
the
noun
steel
,
metaphorically
extending
the
idea
of
hardness
and
toughness
to
mental
strength
in
the
17th
century
.
so-called
adjective
used
before
a
noun
when
you
think
the
name
or
description
is
wrong
,
exaggerated
,
or
you
do
not
approve
of
it
•
The
so-called
experts
totally
misread
the
weather
forecast
and
caused
chaos
at
the
outdoor
event
.
The
so-called
experts
totally
misread
the
weather
forecast
and
caused
chaos
at
the
outdoor
event
.
•
Many
people
bought
the
so-called
miracle
diet
pills
,
but
they
made
no
difference
at
all
.
Many
people
bought
the
so-called
miracle
diet
pills
,
but
they
made
no
difference
at
all
.
Formed
from
the
intensifier
"
so
"
+
past
participle
"
called
";
recorded
in
English
since
the
17th
century
as
a
way
to
question
the
accuracy
of
a
name
.
adjective
used
before
a
noun
simply
to
show
that
this
is
the
name
people
usually
give
to
something
•
The
tarsier
is
a
tiny
primate
from
Southeast
Asia
,
often
called
a
so-called
"
ghost
animal
"
because
of
its
big
eyes
.
The
tarsier
is
a
tiny
primate
from
Southeast
Asia
,
often
called
a
so-called
"
ghost
animal
"
because
of
its
big
eyes
.
•
Scientists
study
the
so-called
‘
dark
matter
’
that
makes
up
most
of
the
universe
.
Scientists
study
the
so-called
‘
dark
matter
’
that
makes
up
most
of
the
universe
.
label
verb
-
label
,
labeling
,
labels
,
labeled
to
attach
a
label
to
something
•
We
labeled
each
box
so
the
movers
would
know
where
to
put
it
.
We
labeled
each
box
so
the
movers
would
know
where
to
put
it
.
•
Please
label
the
folders
by
subject
before
filing
them
.
Please
label
the
folders
by
subject
before
filing
them
.
verb
-
label
,
labeling
,
labels
,
labeled
to
describe
or
classify
someone
or
something
,
especially
in
a
way
that
may
be
unfair
or
too
simple
•
It
is
wrong
to
label
all
teenagers
as
lazy
.
It
is
wrong
to
label
all
teenagers
as
lazy
.
•
The
media
labeled
her
a
hero
after
the
rescue
.
The
media
labeled
her
a
hero
after
the
rescue
.
angle
verb
-
angle
,
angling
,
angles
,
angled
to
fish
with
a
rod
,
line
,
and
hook
•
Early
every
morning
,
he
goes
to
the
river
to
angle
for
trout
.
Early
every
morning
,
he
goes
to
the
river
to
angle
for
trout
.
•
The
old
man
angled
patiently
by
the
pier
all
afternoon
.
The
old
man
angled
patiently
by
the
pier
all
afternoon
.
Old
English
angelian
“
to
fish
with
a
hook
”,
from
angel
“
hook
,
fish-hook
”.
verb
-
angle
,
angling
,
angles
,
angled
to
try
to
obtain
something
,
often
in
an
indirect
or
clever
way
•
He
’
s
angling
for
a
promotion
by
staying
late
every
night
.
He
’
s
angling
for
a
promotion
by
staying
late
every
night
.
•
She
cleverly
angled
an
invitation
to
the
exclusive
party
.
She
cleverly
angled
an
invitation
to
the
exclusive
party
.
bell
verb
-
bell
,
belling
,
bells
,
belled
to
attach
a
bell
to
an
animal
or
object
so
that
it
rings
when
the
animal
or
object
moves
•
The
shepherd
belled
the
sheep
so
he
could
find
them
easily
in
the
fog
.
The
shepherd
belled
the
sheep
so
he
could
find
them
easily
in
the
fog
.
•
Before
letting
the
cat
outside
,
they
belled
its
collar
to
warn
birds
.
Before
letting
the
cat
outside
,
they
belled
its
collar
to
warn
birds
.
verb
-
bell
,
belling
,
bells
,
belled
of
a
male
deer
,
to
make
a
deep
,
resonant
call
,
especially
during
the
mating
season
•
We
listened
as
the
stag
belled
across
the
misty
glen
at
dawn
.
We
listened
as
the
stag
belled
across
the
misty
glen
at
dawn
.
•
During
the
rut
,
males
bell
to
challenge
rivals
.
During
the
rut
,
males
bell
to
challenge
rivals
.
stable
adjective
-
stable
,
stabling
,
stables
,
stabled
,
stabler
,
stablest
firm
and
steady
;
not
likely
to
move
,
fall
,
or
change
suddenly
•
The
ladder
felt
stable
even
on
the
uneven
ground
.
The
ladder
felt
stable
even
on
the
uneven
ground
.
•
After
weeks
of
turbulence
,
the
company
’
s
share
price
remained
stable
.
After
weeks
of
turbulence
,
the
company
’
s
share
price
remained
stable
.
From
Latin
stabilis
“
firm
,
steady
,”
from
stare
“
to
stand
.”
noun
-
stable
,
stabling
,
stables
,
stabled
,
stabler
,
stablest
a
building
where
horses
or
other
farm
animals
are
kept
•
The
farmer
walked
into
the
stable
to
feed
the
horses
.
The
farmer
walked
into
the
stable
to
feed
the
horses
.
•
A
sweet
smell
of
hay
filled
the
old
wooden
stable
.
A
sweet
smell
of
hay
filled
the
old
wooden
stable
.
From
Old
French
estable
,
from
Latin
stabulum
“
standing
place
,
farm
building
,”
from
stare
“
to
stand
.”
adjective
-
stable
,
stabling
,
stables
,
stabled
,
stabler
,
stablest
mentally
or
emotionally
healthy
and
not
likely
to
have
sudden
changes
•
After
months
of
therapy
,
he
is
now
emotionally
stable
.
After
months
of
therapy
,
he
is
now
emotionally
stable
.
•
The
doctor
said
the
patient
’
s
vital
signs
are
stable
.
The
doctor
said
the
patient
’
s
vital
signs
are
stable
.
noun
-
stable
,
stabling
,
stables
,
stabled
,
stabler
,
stablest
a
group
of
animals
or
people
,
especially
horses
,
athletes
,
or
artists
,
controlled
or
managed
by
one
person
or
organization
•
The
record
label
has
a
stable
of
talented
singers
.
The
record
label
has
a
stable
of
talented
singers
.
•
The
trainer
’
s
stable
includes
three
champion
racehorses
.
The
trainer
’
s
stable
includes
three
champion
racehorses
.
verb
-
stable
,
stabling
,
stables
,
stabled
,
stabler
,
stablest
to
put
or
keep
a
horse
or
other
animal
in
a
stable
•
After
the
long
ride
,
we
stabled
the
horses
for
the
night
.
After
the
long
ride
,
we
stabled
the
horses
for
the
night
.
•
The
ranch
can
stable
up
to
fifty
horses
during
winter
.
The
ranch
can
stable
up
to
fifty
horses
during
winter
.
adjective
-
stable
,
stabling
,
stables
,
stabled
,
stabler
,
stablest
chemically
or
physically
not
likely
to
react
,
break
down
,
or
change
•
Helium
is
a
very
stable
gas
even
at
extreme
temperatures
.
Helium
is
a
very
stable
gas
even
at
extreme
temperatures
.
•
The
new
alloy
stays
stable
under
heavy
pressure
.
The
new
alloy
stays
stable
under
heavy
pressure
.
devil
verb
-
devil
,
devilling
,
devils
,
devilled
to
season
food
with
very
hot
spices
•
She
devilled
the
eggs
with
mustard
and
paprika
for
extra
kick
.
She
devilled
the
eggs
with
mustard
and
paprika
for
extra
kick
.
•
The
chef
loves
to
devil
chicken
wings
before
grilling
them
.
The
chef
loves
to
devil
chicken
wings
before
grilling
them
.
verb
-
devil
,
devilling
,
devils
,
devilled
to
harass
or
annoy
someone
repeatedly
(
informal
,
old-fashioned
)
•
Flies
devilled
the
horses
all
afternoon
on
the
trail
.
Flies
devilled
the
horses
all
afternoon
on
the
trail
.
•
Gossiping
neighbors
devil
her
every
time
she
steps
outside
.
Gossiping
neighbors
devil
her
every
time
she
steps
outside
.
tail
verb
-
tail
,
tailing
,
tails
,
tailed
to
follow
someone
closely
and
secretly
to
watch
where
they
go
•
The
detective
tailed
the
suspect
through
the
crowded
market
.
The
detective
tailed
the
suspect
through
the
crowded
market
.
•
She
noticed
a
strange
car
tailing
her
on
the
highway
and
decided
to
exit
early
.
She
noticed
a
strange
car
tailing
her
on
the
highway
and
decided
to
exit
early
.
detailed
adjective
containing
many
small
facts
or
parts
so
that
something
is
explained
clearly
and
thoroughly
.
•
The
report
gave
a
detailed
breakdown
of
the
company
’
s
costs
.
The
report
gave
a
detailed
breakdown
of
the
company
’
s
costs
.
•
The
museum
guide
offered
a
detailed
explanation
of
the
painting
’
s
symbolism
.
The
museum
guide
offered
a
detailed
explanation
of
the
painting
’
s
symbolism
.
Adjective
use
from
the
verb
form
of
“
detail
,”
first
recorded
in
the
late
18th
century
.
verb
-
detail
,
detailing
,
details
,
detailed
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
detail
:
to
describe
or
list
something
thoroughly
and
specifically
.
•
The
journalist
detailed
the
events
of
the
accident
in
her
article
.
The
journalist
detailed
the
events
of
the
accident
in
her
article
.
•
The
teacher
detailed
the
homework
instructions
on
the
board
.
The
teacher
detailed
the
homework
instructions
on
the
board
.
From
French
“
détailler
”
meaning
“
cut
in
pieces
”
or
“
itemize
,”
entering
English
in
the
17th
century
.
flee
verb
-
flee
,
fleeing
,
flees
,
fled
to
run
away
quickly
from
danger
,
violence
,
or
an
unwanted
situation
,
often
to
seek
safety
•
Villagers
fled
when
the
volcano
began
to
erupt
.
Villagers
fled
when
the
volcano
began
to
erupt
.
•
The
thief
tried
to
flee
the
scene
before
the
police
arrived
.
The
thief
tried
to
flee
the
scene
before
the
police
arrived
.
Old
English
"
flēon
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*fleuhaną
,
related
to
Gothic
"
þliuhan
"
and
Old
Norse
"
flýja
",
all
meaning
"
to
flee
".
verb
-
flee
,
fleeing
,
flees
,
fled
(
figurative
)
to
disappear
or
pass
quickly
,
as
if
running
away
•
Summer
seems
to
flee
the
city
as
soon
as
September
arrives
.
Summer
seems
to
flee
the
city
as
soon
as
September
arrives
.
•
His
confidence
fled
when
he
saw
the
large
audience
.
His
confidence
fled
when
he
saw
the
large
audience
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
with
figurative
use
dating
from
the
14th
century
.
pill
verb
of
cloth
or
knitted
fabric
:
to
form
small
balls
of
tangled
fibers
on
the
surface
through
wear
or
washing
•
After
a
few
washes
,
my
favorite
sweater
began
to
pill
.
After
a
few
washes
,
my
favorite
sweater
began
to
pill
.
•
Cheap
fabrics
tend
to
pill
more
quickly
than
high-quality
ones
.
Cheap
fabrics
tend
to
pill
more
quickly
than
high-quality
ones
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
“
pill
”
in
the
sense
of
a
small
ball
,
first
recorded
in
textile
industry
use
in
the
1950s
.
coal
verb
to
supply
a
vehicle
,
furnace
,
or
engine
with
coal
,
or
to
take
on
a
supply
of
coal
•
The
steamship
stopped
in
port
to
coal
before
crossing
the
Atlantic
.
The
steamship
stopped
in
port
to
coal
before
crossing
the
Atlantic
.
•
Workers
coaled
the
old
locomotive
for
the
tourist
ride
.
Workers
coaled
the
old
locomotive
for
the
tourist
ride
.
fool
verb
to
trick
or
deceive
someone
by
making
them
believe
something
that
is
not
true
•
You
can't
fool
me
with
that
fake
ticket
.
You
can't
fool
me
with
that
fake
ticket
.
•
They
fooled
the
guard
by
wearing
identical
uniforms
.
They
fooled
the
guard
by
wearing
identical
uniforms
.
verb
to
behave
in
a
silly
,
playful
,
or
careless
way
•
The
children
spent
the
afternoon
fooling
in
the
backyard
,
laughing
loudly
.
The
children
spent
the
afternoon
fooling
in
the
backyard
,
laughing
loudly
.
•
He
kept
fooling
with
the
radio
dial
until
he
found
the
right
station
.
He
kept
fooling
with
the
radio
dial
until
he
found
the
right
station
.
cancel
verb
-
cancel
,
cancelling
,
cancels
,
canceled
,
cancelled
to
decide
that
a
planned
event
,
arrangement
,
or
service
will
not
take
place
•
Because
of
the
storm
,
the
airline
canceled
all
evening
flights
.
Because
of
the
storm
,
the
airline
canceled
all
evening
flights
.
•
The
town
parade
was
canceled
after
the
mayor
declared
a
heat
emergency
.
The
town
parade
was
canceled
after
the
mayor
declared
a
heat
emergency
.
From
Latin
‘
cancellāre
’
meaning
‘
to
cross
out
’.
verb
-
cancel
,
cancelling
,
cancels
,
canceled
,
cancelled
to
stop
a
computer
command
or
process
that
is
already
running
or
about
to
run
•
Press
the
ESC
key
to
cancel
the
download
if
it
takes
too
long
.
Press
the
ESC
key
to
cancel
the
download
if
it
takes
too
long
.
•
I
accidentally
clicked
"
print
"
but
quickly
canceled
the
job
before
wasting
paper
.
I
accidentally
clicked
"
print
"
but
quickly
canceled
the
job
before
wasting
paper
.
verb
-
cancel
,
cancelling
,
cancels
,
canceled
,
cancelled
(
of
two
equal
but
opposite
things
)
to
remove
each
other
’
s
effect
so
that
nothing
changes
•
In
the
equation
,
the
positive
and
negative
terms
cancel
each
other
.
In
the
equation
,
the
positive
and
negative
terms
cancel
each
other
.
•
The
extra
income
will
cancel
the
recent
rise
in
rent
,
leaving
our
budget
the
same
.
The
extra
income
will
cancel
the
recent
rise
in
rent
,
leaving
our
budget
the
same
.
till
verb
-
till
,
tilling
,
tills
,
tilled
to
prepare
and
work
soil
for
planting
crops
•
Farmers
till
the
fields
each
spring
to
loosen
the
soil
.
Farmers
till
the
fields
each
spring
to
loosen
the
soil
.
•
The
land
had
not
been
tilled
for
years
and
was
overgrown
with
weeds
.
The
land
had
not
been
tilled
for
years
and
was
overgrown
with
weeds
.
Old
English
tilian
“
to
strive
for
,
obtain
by
effort
,”
later
narrowing
to
working
the
soil
.
heel
verb
-
heel
,
heeling
,
heels
,
heeled
if
a
dog
heels
,
it
walks
very
close
beside
its
owner
when
ordered
,
or
you
make
it
do
this
.
•
With
a
quick
command
,
the
dog
began
to
heel
by
her
side
.
With
a
quick
command
,
the
dog
began
to
heel
by
her
side
.
•
He
trained
his
puppy
to
heel
before
crossing
the
street
.
He
trained
his
puppy
to
heel
before
crossing
the
street
.
verb
-
heel
,
heeling
,
heels
,
heeled
to
lean
or
tilt
to
one
side
,
especially
of
a
boat
or
other
vehicle
in
the
wind
or
while
turning
.
•
The
small
sailboat
heeled
sharply
in
the
sudden
gust
.
The
small
sailboat
heeled
sharply
in
the
sudden
gust
.
•
Passengers
grabbed
the
rail
as
the
ferry
began
to
heel
to
port
.
Passengers
grabbed
the
rail
as
the
ferry
began
to
heel
to
port
.
bull
verb
-
bull
,
bulling
,
bulls
,
bulled
to
push
or
force
one
’
s
way
through
something
or
somewhere
with
strength
or
determination
•
The
football
player
bulled
past
two
defenders
to
reach
the
end
zone
.
The
football
player
bulled
past
two
defenders
to
reach
the
end
zone
.
•
Protesters
bulled
their
way
through
the
makeshift
barricade
.
Protesters
bulled
their
way
through
the
makeshift
barricade
.
Verb
use
derives
from
the
strength
and
single-minded
motion
of
a
literal
bull
,
first
attested
in
19th-century
American
English
.
pile
verb
-
pile
,
piling
,
piles
,
piled
to
put
things
on
top
of
each
other
or
to
make
things
form
a
pile
•
She
piled
the
dirty
clothes
on
the
bed
.
She
piled
the
dirty
clothes
on
the
bed
.
•
Leaves
piled
up
in
the
corner
of
the
yard
.
Leaves
piled
up
in
the
corner
of
the
yard
.
pile into
verb
to
enter
or
move
into
something
quickly
in
a
large
group
•
The
children
piled
into
the
car
excitedly
.
The
children
piled into
the
car
excitedly
.
•
Fans
piled
into
the
stadium
when
the
gates
opened
.
Fans
piled into
the
stadium
when
the
gates
opened
.
pole
verb
-
pole
,
poling
,
poles
,
poled
to
move
,
support
,
or
push
something
,
especially
a
boat
or
skis
,
using
a
long
stick
•
The
gondolier
poled
the
boat
gently
down
the
canal
.
The
gondolier
poled
the
boat
gently
down
the
canal
.
•
Skiers
pole
forward
on
flat
parts
of
the
trail
.
Skiers
pole
forward
on
flat
parts
of
the
trail
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
“
pole
”
meaning
a
stick
,
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
16th
century
.
entitle
verb
-
entitle
,
entitling
,
entitles
,
entitled
to
give
someone
a
legal
,
official
,
or
moral
right
to
have
or
do
something
•
This
membership
card
entitles
you
to
use
the
gym
24
hours
a
day
.
This
membership
card
entitles
you
to
use
the
gym
24
hours
a
day
.
•
The
warranty
entitles
customers
to
a
full
refund
within
30
days
.
The
warranty
entitles
customers
to
a
full
refund
within
30
days
.
from
Old
French
entiteler
,
from
Late
Latin
intitulare
“
to
give
a
title
to
”,
from
Latin
titulus
“
title
”
verb
-
entitle
,
entitling
,
entitles
,
entitled
to
give
a
book
,
artwork
,
or
other
creation
its
name
or
title
•
She
entitled
her
new
album
'Dreams
in
Color'
.
She
entitled
her
new
album
'Dreams
in
Color'
.
•
The
article
was
entitled
'The
Future
of
Space
Travel'
when
it
first
appeared
.
The
article
was
entitled
'The
Future
of
Space
Travel'
when
it
first
appeared
.
from
Old
French
entiteler
,
from
Late
Latin
intitulare
“
to
give
a
title
to
”,
from
Latin
titulus
“
title
”
eagle
verb
-
eagle
,
eagling
,
eagles
,
eagled
(
golf
)
to
score
an
eagle
on
a
hole
,
that
is
,
to
complete
the
hole
in
two
strokes
fewer
than
par
•
She
hopes
to
eagle
the
final
hole
to
win
the
tournament
.
She
hopes
to
eagle
the
final
hole
to
win
the
tournament
.
•
He
eagled
the
par-4
seventh
with
a
long
putt
.
He
eagled
the
par-4
seventh
with
a
long
putt
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
eagle
” (
golf
score
),
first
used
as
a
verb
by
golfers
in
the
early
20th
century
.
rebel
verb
-
rebel
,
rebelling
,
rebels
,
rebelled
to
refuse
to
obey
authority
,
rules
,
or
control
•
Teenagers
often
rebel
against
strict
curfews
.
Teenagers
often
rebel
against
strict
curfews
.
•
The
colony
decided
to
rebel
when
unfair
taxes
were
imposed
.
The
colony
decided
to
rebel
when
unfair
taxes
were
imposed
.
From
Old
French
"
rebeller
" ‘
to
war
again
’,
based
on
Latin
"
rebellare
".
barrel
verb
-
barrel
,
barrelling
,
barrels
,
barrelled
,
barreled
to
move
very
fast
and
often
uncontrollably
•
The
truck
barrelled
down
the
highway
,
splashing
rainwater
onto
nearby
cars
.
The
truck
barrelled
down
the
highway
,
splashing
rainwater
onto
nearby
cars
.
•
The
children
barrelled
through
the
hallway
when
the
recess
bell
rang
.
The
children
barrelled
through
the
hallway
when
the
recess
bell
rang
.
pale
verb
-
pale
,
paling
,
pales
,
paled
to
lose
color
or
brightness
,
or
to
make
something
lose
color
or
brightness
•
Her
cheeks
paled
when
she
heard
the
crash
outside
.
Her
cheeks
paled
when
she
heard
the
crash
outside
.
•
The
bright
curtains
have
paled
in
the
strong
summer
sunlight
.
The
bright
curtains
have
paled
in
the
strong
summer
sunlight
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
adjective
sense
in
Middle
English
,
meaning
‘
to
become
pale
’.
rifle
verb
-
rifle
,
rifling
,
rifles
,
rifled
to
search
through
something
quickly
and
carelessly
in
order
to
find
a
particular
thing
•
Nervous
before
the
test
,
Ethan
rifled through
his
backpack
for
a
spare
pen
.
Nervous
before
the
test
,
Ethan
rifled through
his
backpack
for
a
spare
pen
.
•
The
burglar
rifled through
the
drawers
looking
for
jewelry
.
The
burglar
rifled through
the
drawers
looking
for
jewelry
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
:
originally
“
to
plunder
”,
later
softened
to
mean
“
search
quickly
”.
verb
-
rifle
,
rifling
,
rifles
,
rifled
to
rob
or
plunder
a
place
,
taking
valuable
things
by
force
or
dishonesty
•
The
pirates
rifled
the
merchant
ship
’
s
hold
,
seizing
gold
and
spices
.
The
pirates
rifled
the
merchant
ship
’
s
hold
,
seizing
gold
and
spices
.
•
Invading
soldiers
rifled
the
town
’
s
treasury
before
marching
onward
.
Invading
soldiers
rifled
the
town
’
s
treasury
before
marching
onward
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
rifler
’
meaning
‘
to
plunder
,
scrape
away
’.
tunnel
verb
to
dig
or
bore
a
passage
,
especially
underground
,
through
or
under
something
.
•
Engineers
plan
to
tunnel
beneath
the
river
to
build
the
new
subway
line
.
Engineers
plan
to
tunnel
beneath
the
river
to
build
the
new
subway
line
.
•
During
the
war
,
prisoners
tried
to
tunnel
out
of
the
camp
at
night
.
During
the
war
,
prisoners
tried
to
tunnel
out
of
the
camp
at
night
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
17th
century
,
formed
from
the
noun
“
tunnel
”
plus
the
verbal
suffix
indicating
action
.
rail
verb
-
rail
,
railing
,
rails
,
railed
to
speak
or
complain
angrily
and
loudly
,
especially
against
something
•
Protesters
gathered
to
rail
against
the
new
tax
law
.
Protesters
gathered
to
rail against
the
new
tax
law
.
•
Online
commenters
continued
to
rail
at
the
decision
long
after
the
meeting
ended
.
Online
commenters
continued
to
rail
at
the
decision
long
after
the
meeting
ended
.
From
Old
French
railler
meaning
to
tease
or
mock
,
later
shifting
to
angry
complaint
.
resemble
verb
-
resemble
,
resembling
,
resembles
,
resembled
to
look
,
sound
,
or
be
similar
to
someone
or
something
•
The
twins
resemble
each
other
so
much
that
even
their
teachers
get
confused
.
The
twins
resemble
each
other
so
much
that
even
their
teachers
get
confused
.
•
That
sculpture
resembles
a
giant
wave
crashing
onto
the
shore
.
That
sculpture
resembles
a
giant
wave
crashing
onto
the
shore
.
counsel
verb
-
counsel
,
counselling
,
counsels
,
counselled
to
give
advice
to
someone
,
especially
on
personal
or
professional
problems
•
The
therapist
counselled
the
couple
to
communicate
more
openly
.
The
therapist
counselled
the
couple
to
communicate
more
openly
.
•
Teachers
are
trained
to
counsel
students
who
feel
stressed
.
Teachers
are
trained
to
counsel
students
who
feel
stressed
.
retail
verb
to
sell
goods
directly
to
the
public
,
usually
in
small
quantities
•
The
farmer
’
s
market
retails
fresh
fruit
every
Saturday
morning
.
The
farmer
’
s
market
retails
fresh
fruit
every
Saturday
morning
.
•
That
company
retails
its
shoes
both
online
and
in
flagship
stores
.
That
company
retails
its
shoes
both
online
and
in
flagship
stores
.
verb
to
repeat
or
relate
details
of
something
,
especially
gossip
or
stories
•
The
old
sailor
loved
to
retail
tales
of
storms
and
sea
monsters
.
The
old
sailor
loved
to
retail
tales
of
storms
and
sea
monsters
.
•
She
retailed
every
detail
of
the
scandal
to
her
curious
friends
.
She
retailed
every
detail
of
the
scandal
to
her
curious
friends
.
bubble
verb
-
bubble
,
bubbling
,
bubbles
,
bubbled
to
form
bubbles
and
move
or
make
a
gentle
boiling
or
fizzing
sound
,
often
because
of
heat
or
fermentation
•
The
soup
began
to
bubble
gently
on
the
stove
.
The
soup
began
to
bubble
gently
on
the
stove
.
•
Hot
mud
bubbled
at
the
edge
of
the
volcanic
pool
.
Hot
mud
bubbled
at
the
edge
of
the
volcanic
pool
.
verb
-
bubble
,
bubbling
,
bubbles
,
bubbled
to
be
full
of
and
openly
show
a
strong
emotion
or
energy
that
is
about
to
be
expressed
•
The
students
bubbled
with
excitement
before
the
field
trip
.
The
students
bubbled
with
excitement
before
the
field
trip
.
•
Anger
bubbled
inside
him
as
he
read
the
unfair
review
.
Anger
bubbled
inside
him
as
he
read
the
unfair
review
.
nail
verb
to
fasten
something
using
nails
•
They
nailed
the
loose
shelf
back
onto
the
wall
.
They
nailed
the
loose
shelf
back
onto
the
wall
.
•
The
stage
crew
nails
wooden
planks
together
before
every
performance
.
The
stage
crew
nails
wooden
planks
together
before
every
performance
.
verb
informal
:
to
succeed
in
doing
something
exactly
right
or
very
well
•
Grace
nailed
her
speech
and
the
audience
cheered
.
Grace
nailed
her
speech
and
the
audience
cheered
.
•
The
gymnast
nailed
the
landing
after
a
difficult
flip
.
The
gymnast
nailed
the
landing
after
a
difficult
flip
.
verb
informal
:
to
catch
or
prove
someone
guilty
,
especially
of
a
crime
or
wrongdoing
•
Police
finally
nailed
the
burglar
after
weeks
of
investigation
.
Police
finally
nailed
the
burglar
after
weeks
of
investigation
.
•
The
reporter
nailed
the
politician
with
evidence
of
false
claims
.
The
reporter
nailed
the
politician
with
evidence
of
false
claims
.