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summer
noun
the
warmest
season
of
the
year
,
occurring
between
spring
and
autumn
•
The
children
can
’
t
wait
for
summer
vacation
to
begin
.
The
children
can
’
t
wait
for
summer
vacation
to
begin
.
•
In
summer
,
the
sun
stays
up
much
later
in
northern
countries
.
In
summer
,
the
sun
stays
up
much
later
in
northern
countries
.
Old
English
sumor
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*sumaraz
,
related
to
German
Sommer
and
Dutch
zomer
.
noun
a
single
year
of
a
person
’
s
age
,
expressed
poetically
or
in
literature
•
The
oak
has
stood
for
three
hundred
summers
and
still
grows
strong
.
The
oak
has
stood
for
three
hundred
summers
and
still
grows
strong
.
•
At
only
fifteen
summers
,
she
already
dreamed
of
seeing
the
world
.
At
only
fifteen
summers
,
she
already
dreamed
of
seeing
the
world
.
Same
origin
as
the
season
sense
;
using
“
summer
”
to
mean
“
year
”
dates
back
to
Middle
English
,
reflecting
the
passage
of
time
from
one
warm
season
to
the
next
.
verb
to
spend
the
summer
,
especially
in
a
particular
place
•
They
summer
in
a
small
coastal
town
every
year
to
escape
the
city
heat
.
They
summer
in
a
small
coastal
town
every
year
to
escape
the
city
heat
.
•
The
wealthy
family
summered
on
their
private
island
in
the
lake
.
The
wealthy
family
summered
on
their
private
island
in
the
lake
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
16th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
“
to
pass
the
summer
(
somewhere
)”.
summary
noun
-
summary
,
summaries
a
short
statement
that
presents
only
the
most
important
points
of
something
•
After
each
chapter
,
there
is
a
brief
summary
to
help
readers
remember
the
key
points
.
After
each
chapter
,
there
is
a
brief
summary
to
help
readers
remember
the
key
points
.
•
Could
you
give
me
a
quick
summary
of
what
happened
at
the
meeting
?
Could
you
give
me
a
quick
summary
of
what
happened
at
the
meeting
?
From
Latin
summa
‘
total
,
gist
’
+
-ary
.
adjective
done
quickly
and
without
the
usual
formal
procedures
•
The
judge
made
a
summary
decision
after
hearing
the
clear
evidence
.
The
judge
made
a
summary
decision
after
hearing
the
clear
evidence
.
•
The
airline
issued
a
summary
refund
to
all
affected
passengers
.
The
airline
issued
a
summary
refund
to
all
affected
passengers
.
Extended
from
the
noun
sense
,
influenced
by
legal
phrase
“
summary
judgment
”
meaning
‘
dispensed
with
full
trial
’.
summit
noun
the
very
highest
point
of
a
mountain
or
hill
•
After
six
hours
of
climbing
,
the
hikers
reached
the
summit
just
in
time
to
watch
the
sunrise
.
After
six
hours
of
climbing
,
the
hikers
reached
the
summit
just
in
time
to
watch
the
sunrise
.
•
Snow
still
covered
the
summit
even
though
the
valley
below
was
blooming
with
flowers
.
Snow
still
covered
the
summit
even
though
the
valley
below
was
blooming
with
flowers
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
somete
,
variant
of
somite
,
from
sommet
‘
peak
’,
diminutive
of
som
‘
top
’,
from
Latin
summum
‘
highest
point
’.
noun
a
formal
meeting
of
leaders
or
top
officials
to
discuss
important
matters
•
Leaders
from
eight
countries
gathered
at
a
summit
to
discuss
climate
change
.
Leaders
from
eight
countries
gathered
at
a
summit
to
discuss
climate
change
.
•
The
trade
summit
resulted
in
a
historic
agreement
to
cut
tariffs
.
The
trade
summit
resulted
in
a
historic
agreement
to
cut
tariffs
.
Sense
of
‘
meeting
of
heads
of
government
’
originated
in
the
1950s
,
extending
the
idea
of
the
‘
highest
point
’
to
the
highest
level
of
negotiation
.
noun
the
highest
possible
level
of
achievement
or
success
•
Winning
the
Nobel
Prize
was
the
summit
of
her
scientific
career
.
Winning
the
Nobel
Prize
was
the
summit
of
her
scientific
career
.
•
The
athlete
reached
the
summit
of
his
sport
with
an
Olympic
gold
medal
.
The
athlete
reached
the
summit
of
his
sport
with
an
Olympic
gold
medal
.
verb
to
reach
the
summit
of
a
mountain
;
to
climb
to
the
highest
point
•
They
plan
to
summit
Mount
Kilimanjaro
next
summer
.
They
plan
to
summit
Mount
Kilimanjaro
next
summer
.
•
She
summited
the
peak
in
record
time
despite
strong
winds
.
She
summited
the
peak
in
record
time
despite
strong
winds
.
assume
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
accept
something
is
true
or
will
happen
,
often
without
proof
•
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
I
assume
you
have
finished
your
homework
.
•
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
Don
’
t
assume
everything
you
read
online
is
true
.
From
Latin
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
”,
from
ad-
“
toward
”
+
sumere
“
to
take
”.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
take
on
a
duty
,
role
,
or
position
•
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
The
new
mayor
will
assume
office
next
week
.
•
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
After
the
coach
fell
ill
,
Emma
assumed
his
responsibilities
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
begin
to
have
a
particular
appearance
,
quality
,
or
form
•
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
At
dawn
the
sky
assumed
a
golden
glow
.
•
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
Her
voice
assumed
a
serious
tone
.
verb
-
assume
,
assuming
,
assumes
,
assumed
to
pretend
to
have
a
particular
quality
or
identity
•
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
He
assumed
an
air
of
confidence
during
the
interview
.
•
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
The
spy
assumed
the
identity
of
a
tourist
.
consumer
noun
a
person
who
buys
and
uses
goods
or
services
•
The
average
consumer
checks
online
reviews
before
buying
a
product
.
The
average
consumer
checks
online
reviews
before
buying
a
product
.
•
Electric
cars
are
becoming
more
popular
as
consumers
look
for
greener
options
.
Electric
cars
are
becoming
more
popular
as
consumers
look
for
greener
options
.
From
Latin
‘
consumere
’
meaning
‘
to
use
up
,
eat
,
waste
’.
The
modern
sense
of
a
buyer
developed
in
the
18th
century
alongside
growing
markets
.
noun
an
animal
that
eats
other
living
things
for
energy
in
a
food
chain
•
In
a
food
chain
,
a
lion
is
a
consumer
because
it
eats
other
animals
.
In
a
food
chain
,
a
lion
is
a
consumer
because
it
eats
other
animals
.
•
Her
teacher
explained
that
herbivores
are
primary
consumers
in
an
ecosystem
.
Her
teacher
explained
that
herbivores
are
primary
consumers
in
an
ecosystem
.
adjective
connected
with
people
who
buy
and
use
goods
or
services
•
The
government
released
new
consumer
protection
laws
today
.
The
government
released
new
consumer
protection
laws
today
.
•
Sales
of
consumer
electronics
rose
sharply
this
year
.
Sales
of
consumer
electronics
rose
sharply
this
year
.
assumption
noun
Something
that
you
accept
as
true
or
certain
without
having
proof
.
•
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
•
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
From
Latin
assumptiō
(
a
taking
up
),
from
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
.”
noun
-
assumption
The
act
of
taking
on
a
role
,
responsibility
,
or
duty
.
•
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
After
the
election
,
everyone
watched
the
president's
formal
assumption
of
office
.
•
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
His
assumption
of
new
responsibilities
meant
longer
hours
at
work
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
but
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
14th
century
meaning
“
taking
up
”.
noun
The
act
of
taking
something
for
oneself
,
especially
without
permission
or
right
.
•
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
•
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Extended
from
Latin
sense
of
“
taking
up
”
to
signify
seizure
or
appropriation
in
Middle
English
.
Assumption
noun
-
Assumption
In
Roman
Catholic
belief
,
the
taking
of
the
Virgin
Mary
bodily
into
heaven
,
celebrated
on
15
August
.
•
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
Catholics
attend
mass
on
the
Feast
of
the
Assumption
every
15
August
.
•
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
A
painting
of
the
Assumption
hung
above
the
church
altar
.
Latin
assumptiō
“
a
taking
up
”;
the
religious
sense
dates
from
the
Middle
Ages
.
consume
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
eat
or
drink
something
•
After
the
marathon
,
the
runners
quickly
consumed
bottles
of
water
.
After
the
marathon
,
the
runners
quickly
consumed
bottles
of
water
.
•
At
breakfast
,
the
child
happily
consumed
a
stack
of
pancakes
.
At
breakfast
,
the
child
happily
consumed
a
stack
of
pancakes
.
From
Latin
consumere
“
to
use
up
,
eat
,
waste
,”
from
con-
“
completely
”
+
sumere
“
take
.”
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
use
time
,
energy
,
fuel
,
or
another
resource
so
there
is
less
of
it
left
•
Streaming
movies
can
consume
a
lot
of
data
on
your
phone
plan
.
Streaming
movies
can
consume
a
lot
of
data
on
your
phone
plan
.
•
The
repair
project
consumed
three
hours
of
our
afternoon
.
The
repair
project
consumed
three
hours
of
our
afternoon
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
Sense
1
;
extended
meaning
of
‘
use
up
’
developed
in
the
1400s
.
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
completely
fill
someone
’
s
mind
or
feelings
so
they
cannot
think
about
anything
else
•
He
was
consumed
with
guilt
after
lying
to
his
friend
.
He
was
consumed
with
guilt
after
lying
to
his
friend
.
•
Jealousy
consumed
her
whenever
she
saw
them
together
.
Jealousy
consumed
her
whenever
she
saw
them
together
.
Figurative
sense
appears
in
the
1600s
,
using
the
idea
of
being
‘
eaten
up
’
by
emotion
.
consumption
noun
the
act
of
using
,
eating
,
or
drinking
something
until
it
is
gone
•
The
country's
consumption
of
electricity
rises
sharply
during
summer
heatwaves
.
The
country's
consumption
of
electricity
rises
sharply
during
summer
heatwaves
.
•
Too
much
sugar
consumption
can
harm
your
teeth
.
Too
much
sugar
consumption
can
harm
your
teeth
.
From
Latin
consummātiōnem
“
using
up
,
completion
”,
later
used
in
English
for
the
act
of
using
goods
.
noun
the
amount
of
something
that
is
used
or
eaten
•
New
engines
cut
fuel
consumption
by
20
percent
.
New
engines
cut
fuel
consumption
by
20
percent
.
•
You
can
check
your
phone's
data
consumption
in
the
settings
menu
.
You
can
check
your
phone's
data
consumption
in
the
settings
menu
.
noun
(
dated
)
tuberculosis
,
a
serious
disease
that
mainly
affects
the
lungs
•
In
the
1800s
,
many
famous
poets
died
of
consumption
.
In
the
1800s
,
many
famous
poets
died
of
consumption
.
•
Modern
antibiotics
can
cure
consumption
,
now
called
tuberculosis
.
Modern
antibiotics
can
cure
consumption
,
now
called
tuberculosis
.
The
medical
sense
comes
from
the
idea
of
the
disease
"
consuming
"
the
body's
flesh
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.