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illegal
adjective
Not
allowed
by
the
law
or
by
official
rules
.
•
Selling
fireworks
without
a
license
is
illegal
in
many
countries
.
Selling
fireworks
without
a
license
is
illegal
in
many
countries
.
•
The
company
was
fined
for
its
illegal
dumping
of
waste
into
the
river
.
The
company
was
fined
for
its
illegal
dumping
of
waste
into
the
river
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Medieval
Latin
illegalis
,
formed
from
Latin
in-
‘
not
’
+
legalis
‘
legal
’.
noun
OFFENSIVE
:
A
person
who
is
in
a
country
without
legal
permission
to
live
or
work
there
.
•
The
headline
referred
to
the
migrants
simply
as
illegals
,
which
offended
many
readers
.
The
headline
referred
to
the
migrants
simply
as
illegals
,
which
offended
many
readers
.
•
She
explained
that
calling
someone
an
illegal
ignores
their
humanity
.
She
explained
that
calling
someone
an
illegal
ignores
their
humanity
.
Derived
in
the
mid-20th
century
from
the
adjective
‘
illegal
’,
used
as
a
shorthand
noun
.
illness
noun
-
illness
,
illnesses
the
state
of
being
physically
or
mentally
unwell
•
After
three
days
of
illness
,
he
finally
felt
well
enough
to
return
to
school
.
After
three
days
of
illness
,
he
finally
felt
well
enough
to
return
to
school
.
•
Regular
exercise
can
reduce
the
risk
of
illness
.
Regular
exercise
can
reduce
the
risk
of
illness
.
From
Middle
English
"
illness
",
formed
from
"
ill
"
+
"
-ness
"
in
the
15th
century
,
replacing
earlier
"
illhede
".
noun
-
illness
,
illnesses
a
particular
disease
or
period
of
sickness
that
affects
the
body
or
mind
•
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
rare
illness
.
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
rare
illness
.
•
Childhood
illnesses
like
measles
are
now
less
common
.
Childhood
illnesses
like
measles
are
now
less
common
.
See
etymology
of
Sense
1
above
;
same
origin
applies
.
illustrate
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
add
pictures
,
drawings
,
or
other
visuals
to
a
text
to
make
it
more
attractive
or
easier
to
understand
•
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
•
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
From
Latin
illustrare
“
make
bright
,
illuminate
,
explain
,
decorate
with
pictures
,”
from
in-
“
in
”
+
lustrare
“
brighten
,
light
up
”.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
explain
or
make
something
clear
by
giving
examples
,
pictures
,
or
comparisons
•
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
•
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
show
clearly
that
something
is
true
or
exists
,
often
by
being
a
typical
example
•
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
•
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
will
verb
-
will
,
would
used
with
the
base
form
of
a
verb
to
talk
about
the
future
or
about
what
someone
is
willing
to
do
•
I
will
call
you
tomorrow
morning
.
I
will
call
you
tomorrow
morning
.
•
She
will
meet
us
at
the
station
at
noon
.
She
will
meet
us
at
the
station
at
noon
.
Old
English
willa
“
mind
,
wish
,
desire
,”
and
wille
(
verb
) “
wish
,
desire
,
be
willing
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*wiljan
.
The
modal
use
developed
in
Middle
English
to
show
future
actions
.
verb
-
will
,
would
used
with
the
base
form
of
a
verb
to
show
that
something
is
going
to
happen
in
the
future
or
that
someone
is
willing
to
do
it
•
I
will
finish
my
homework
after
dinner
.
I
will
finish
my
homework
after
dinner
.
•
They
will
visit
the
science
museum
this
weekend
.
They
will
visit
the
science
museum
this
weekend
.
noun
the
power
to
decide
,
control
your
own
actions
,
or
keep
trying
•
With
enough
will
,
he
finished
the
marathon
despite
the
pain
.
With
enough
will
,
he
finished
the
marathon
despite
the
pain
.
•
Her
sheer
will
impressed
the
whole
team
during
training
.
Her
sheer
will
impressed
the
whole
team
during
training
.
Same
Old
English
root
as
the
verb
,
originally
meaning
“
wish
”
or
“
desire
,”
later
developing
into
the
idea
of
inner
determination
.
noun
the
strong
desire
or
determination
that
someone
has
to
do
something
•
With
enough
will
,
you
can
overcome
any
obstacle
.
With
enough
will
,
you
can
overcome
any
obstacle
.
•
The
athletes
showed
incredible
will
to
win
the
marathon
.
The
athletes
showed
incredible
will
to
win
the
marathon
.
noun
a
legal
document
that
states
who
should
receive
your
money
and
property
after
you
die
•
My
grandfather
left
me
his
watch
in
his
will
.
My
grandfather
left
me
his
watch
in
his
will
.
•
The
lawyer
helped
the
couple
write
a
will
before
their
trip
.
The
lawyer
helped
the
couple
write
a
will
before
their
trip
.
The
legal
sense
grew
in
Middle
English
from
the
idea
of
a
person
’
s
declared
wishes
,
becoming
a
formal
document
.
verb
to
use
the
power
of
your
mind
or
determination
to
make
something
happen
or
to
make
yourself
do
something
•
She
willed
herself
not
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
She
willed
herself
not
to
cry
during
the
speech
.
•
The
explorer
willed
his
weary
legs
to
keep
moving
through
the
snow
.
The
explorer
willed
his
weary
legs
to
keep
moving
through
the
snow
.
noun
a
legal
document
that
says
what
will
happen
to
a
person's
money
and
property
after
they
die
•
My
uncle
wrote
a
will
to
make
sure
we
all
knew
his
wishes
.
My
uncle
wrote
a
will
to
make
sure
we
all
knew
his
wishes
.
•
The
lawyer
read
the
will
aloud
in
a
quiet
office
.
The
lawyer
read
the
will
aloud
in
a
quiet
office
.
verb
to
cause
or
decide
something
to
happen
by
a
forceful
wish
,
or
to
give
something
to
someone
in
a
legal
will
•
The
scientist
willed
himself
to
stay
awake
through
the
night
of
experiments
.
The
scientist
willed
himself
to
stay
awake
through
the
night
of
experiments
.
•
She
willed
the
doors
to
open
with
a
confident
gesture
.
She
willed
the
doors
to
open
with
a
confident
gesture
.
From
Old
English
willian
“
to
wish
,
desire
,”
later
taking
on
the
sense
of
exercising
mental
power
or
leaving
property
by
will
.
verb
to
give
something
you
own
to
someone
in
your
will
after
you
die
•
Grandpa
willed
his
farmhouse
to
my
mother
.
Grandpa
willed
his
farmhouse
to
my
mother
.
•
The
famous
artist
willed
all
her
paintings
to
a
small
museum
.
The
famous
artist
willed
all
her
paintings
to
a
small
museum
.
still
adjective
-
still
,
stiller
,
stillest
not
moving
and
making
no
sound
•
The
lake
was
so
calm
that
the
water
stayed
completely
still
.
The
lake
was
so
calm
that
the
water
stayed
completely
still
.
•
Please
keep
still
while
I
take
your
photograph
.
Please
keep
still
while
I
take
your
photograph
.
Old
English
stille
,
related
to
German
still
"
quiet
".
adverb
continuing
to
happen
,
exist
,
or
be
true
up
to
and
including
the
present
moment
•
It
was
past
midnight
,
but
the
children
were
still
awake
.
It
was
past
midnight
,
but
the
children
were
still
awake
.
•
Do
you
still
need
my
help
with
your
homework
?
Do
you
still
need
my
help
with
your
homework
?
adverb
continuing
to
happen
or
be
true
up
to
now
or
the
time
mentioned
•
Even
after
midnight
,
the
city
streets
were
still
busy
with
traffic
.
Even
after
midnight
,
the
city
streets
were
still
busy
with
traffic
.
•
Ella
was
still
studying
when
the
sun
came
up
.
Ella
was
still
studying
when
the
sun
came
up
.
adjective
-
still
,
stiller
,
stillest
not
moving
;
calm
and
quiet
•
The
lake
was
perfectly
still
at
sunrise
.
The
lake
was
perfectly
still
at
sunrise
.
•
Please
keep
still
while
I
take
the
photograph
.
Please
keep
still
while
I
take
the
photograph
.
adverb
despite
that
;
nevertheless
•
The
task
was
difficult
;
still
,
Maria
refused
to
give
up
.
The
task
was
difficult
;
still
,
Maria
refused
to
give
up
.
•
He
was
tired
,
but
he
still
went
to
the
gym
.
He
was
tired
,
but
he
still
went
to
the
gym
.
adverb
despite
what
has
just
been
said
or
done
;
nevertheless
•
It
was
raining
hard
;
still
,
the
players
finished
the
match
.
It
was
raining
hard
;
still
,
the
players
finished
the
match
.
•
The
café
was
full
;
still
,
we
managed
to
find
a
seat
by
the
window
.
The
café
was
full
;
still
,
we
managed
to
find
a
seat
by
the
window
.
noun
a
piece
of
equipment
used
to
heat
a
liquid
so
that
it
becomes
vapor
and
then
cools
it
back
into
a
purified
liquid
•
The
chemist
watched
the
alcohol
drip
from
the
copper
still
.
The
chemist
watched
the
alcohol
drip
from
the
copper
still
.
•
In
the
shed
behind
the
farmhouse
,
an
illegal
moonshine
still
was
hidden
.
In
the
shed
behind
the
farmhouse
,
an
illegal
moonshine
still
was
hidden
.
Sense
developed
from
verb
“
still
”
meaning
“
distill
”
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
a
single
photograph
taken
from
a
film
or
video
,
or
of
actors
on
a
set
,
used
for
publicity
or
reference
•
The
magazine
printed
a
dramatic
still
from
the
new
superhero
film
.
The
magazine
printed
a
dramatic
still
from
the
new
superhero
film
.
•
She
framed
a
black-and-white
still
of
her
grandfather
on
stage
.
She
framed
a
black-and-white
still
of
her
grandfather
on
stage
.
From
the
idea
of
a
single
,
motionless
frame
extracted
from
moving
pictures
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
quiet
,
calm
,
or
motionless
•
A
gentle
song
stilled
the
crying
child
.
A
gentle
song
stilled
the
crying
child
.
•
The
coach
raised
his
hand
to
still
the
noisy
crowd
.
The
coach
raised
his
hand
to
still
the
noisy
crowd
.
verb
-
still
,
stilling
,
stills
,
stilled
to
make
someone
or
something
calm
,
quiet
,
or
motionless
•
She
sang
a
lullaby
to
still
the
crying
baby
.
She
sang
a
lullaby
to
still
the
crying
baby
.
•
Deep
breathing
can
still
your
racing
heart
.
Deep
breathing
can
still
your
racing
heart
.
Old
English
stillan
“
to
quieten
,
become
calm
”.
noun
a
device
that
heats
a
liquid
and
collects
the
vapor
so
it
condenses
into
a
pure
liquid
,
especially
for
making
alcohol
•
The
distiller
checked
the
temperature
gauge
on
the
copper
still
.
The
distiller
checked
the
temperature
gauge
on
the
copper
still
.
•
Moonshiners
once
hid
their
stills
deep
in
the
woods
.
Moonshiners
once
hid
their
stills
deep
in
the
woods
.
kill
verb
to
cause
the
death
of
a
person
,
animal
,
or
other
living
thing
•
The
lion
pounced
and
killed
the
zebra
within
seconds
.
The
lion
pounced
and
killed
the
zebra
within
seconds
.
•
Touching
that
jellyfish
can
kill
you
,
so
be
careful
.
Touching
that
jellyfish
can
kill
you
,
so
be
careful
.
Old
English
"
cyllan
"
meaning
"
to
strike
,
hit
,
or
beat
,"
later
coming
to
mean
"
to
deprive
of
life
."
verb
to
cause
something
to
stop
working
,
end
,
or
become
ineffective
•
Please
kill
the
engine
before
you
get
out
of
the
car
.
Please
kill
the
engine
before
you
get
out
of
the
car
.
•
She
quickly
killed
the
lights
and
hid
when
she
heard
footsteps
.
She
quickly
killed
the
lights
and
hid
when
she
heard
footsteps
.
noun
an
act
of
killing
or
the
animal
that
has
been
killed
,
especially
in
hunting
or
by
a
predator
•
The
hunter
proudly
posed
with
his
first
kill
.
The
hunter
proudly
posed
with
his
first
kill
.
•
The
eagle
carried
its
kill
to
a
high
tree
branch
.
The
eagle
carried
its
kill
to
a
high
tree
branch
.
noun
(
sports
&
gaming
)
a
point
scored
by
eliminating
an
opponent
or
making
a
shot
that
cannot
be
returned
•
Jenna
racked
up
ten
kills
in
the
match
.
Jenna
racked
up
ten
kills
in
the
match
.
•
His
spike
earned
the
team
a
crucial
kill
in
the
final
set
.
His
spike
earned
the
team
a
crucial
kill
in
the
final
set
.
verb
(
informal
)
to
impress
or
amuse
someone
very
strongly
•
You
killed
at
the
talent
show
tonight
!
You
killed
at
the
talent
show
tonight
!
•
Her
joke
killed
the
whole
audience
;
everyone
burst
into
laughter
.
Her
joke
killed
the
whole
audience
;
everyone
burst
into
laughter
.
million
noun
the
number
that
equals
one
thousand
thousand
,
written
1
,
000
,
000
•
The
city
has
a
population
of
over
one
million
.
The
city
has
a
population
of
over
one
million
.
•
He
won
exactly
two
million
dollars
in
the
lottery
.
He
won
exactly
two
million
dollars
in
the
lottery
.
From
Old
French
million
,
formed
on
mille
“
thousand
”
with
the
augmentative
suffix
-ion
,
originally
meaning
“
a
great
thousand
.”
noun
the
number
1
,
000
,
000
•
There
are
about
one
million
stars
visible
in
the
night
sky
.
There
are
about
one
million
stars
visible
in
the
night
sky
.
•
The
charity
hopes
to
raise
a
million
dollars
this
year
.
The
charity
hopes
to
raise
a
million
dollars
this
year
.
From
Old
French
million
,
from
Italian
milione
,
an
augmentative
of
mille
(“
thousand
”),
ultimately
from
Latin
.
noun
a
very
large
but
not
exact
number
of
people
or
things
•
There
were
millions
of
butterflies
filling
the
valley
.
There
were
millions
of
butterflies
filling
the
valley
.
•
I
’
ve
told
you
millions
of
times
to
clean
your
room
.
I
’
ve
told
you
millions
of
times
to
clean
your
room
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
extended
figurative
use
to
mean
an
indefinite
large
quantity
dates
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
very
large
but
not
precisely
stated
number
of
people
or
things
•
Millions
of
butterflies
filled
the
valley
during
migration
.
Millions
of
butterflies
filled
the
valley
during
migration
.
•
The
video
game
sold
millions
of
copies
worldwide
.
The
video
game
sold
millions
of
copies
worldwide
.
skill
noun
the
ability
to
do
something
well
,
especially
because
you
have
practiced
it
•
Playing
the
violin
takes
years
of
skill
and
patience
.
Playing
the
violin
takes
years
of
skill
and
patience
.
•
With
great
skill
,
the
female
chef
carved
a
rose
from
a
tomato
.
With
great
skill
,
the
female
chef
carved
a
rose
from
a
tomato
.
From
Old
Norse
‘
skil
’
meaning
‘
distinction
,
knowledge
’.
noun
a
particular
ability
that
lets
you
do
a
specific
job
or
activity
well
•
Typing
quickly
is
an
essential
skill
for
an
office
worker
.
Typing
quickly
is
an
essential
skill
for
an
office
worker
.
•
He
listed
coding
as
a
key
skill
on
his
résumé
.
He
listed
coding
as
a
key
skill
on
his
résumé
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
from
Old
Norse
‘
skil
’.
fill
verb
-
fill
,
filling
,
fills
,
filled
to
put
something
into
an
empty
space
or
container
until
no
more
can
be
added
•
She
filled
the
glass
with
water
until
it
overflowed
.
She
filled
the
glass
with
water
until
it
overflowed
.
•
The
attendant
fills
the
car's
tank
at
the
gas
station
every
morning
.
The
attendant
fills
the
car's
tank
at
the
gas
station
every
morning
.
Old
English
‘
fyllan
’,
from
Germanic
roots
meaning
‘
to
make
full
’.
verb
-
fill
,
filling
,
fills
,
filled
to
become
full
•
The
theatre
quickly
filled
as
the
lights
dimmed
.
The
theatre
quickly
filled
as
the
lights
dimmed
.
•
Her
eyes
filled
with
tears
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Her
eyes
filled
with
tears
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Same
origin
as
transitive
form
,
from
Old
English
‘
fyllan
’.
verb
-
fill
,
filling
,
fills
,
filled
to
occupy
space
,
time
,
or
a
role
completely
•
Soft
music
fills
the
house
during
the
holidays
.
Soft
music
fills
the
house
during
the
holidays
.
•
She
was
chosen
to
fill
the
vacant
chair
on
the
board
.
She
was
chosen
to
fill
the
vacant
chair
on
the
board
.
Extended
sense
of
occupying
space
developed
in
Middle
English
.
noun
an
amount
of
something
that
is
enough
to
satisfy
or
to
make
someone
or
something
full
•
After
three
slices
of
pizza
,
he
had
his
fill
.
After
three
slices
of
pizza
,
he
had
his
fill
.
•
The
dog
drank
its
fill
of
water
after
the
long
run
.
The
dog
drank
its
fill
of
water
after
the
long
run
.
From
the
verb
sense
,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
meaning
‘
the
act
of
filling
’
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
fill
earth
,
sand
,
or
other
loose
material
used
to
raise
ground
level
or
to
fill
a
hole
•
The
contractor
ordered
more
fill
to
level
the
backyard
.
The
contractor
ordered
more
fill
to
level
the
backyard
.
•
Heavy
trucks
delivered
loads
of
fill
to
the
construction
site
.
Heavy
trucks
delivered
loads
of
fill
to
the
construction
site
.
Specialized
engineering
use
recorded
from
the
19th
century
.
bill
noun
a
written
statement
that
tells
you
how
much
money
you
must
pay
for
goods
or
services
•
After
fixing
the
sink
,
the
plumber
gave
us
the
bill
.
After
fixing
the
sink
,
the
plumber
gave
us
the
bill
.
•
The
electricity
bill
arrives
at
the
beginning
of
every
month
.
The
electricity
bill
arrives
at
the
beginning
of
every
month
.
noun
a
piece
of
paper
money
such
as
a
one-dollar
or
twenty-dollar
note
•
He
slipped
a
ten-dollar
bill
into
the
tip
jar
.
He
slipped
a
ten-dollar
bill
into
the
tip
jar
.
•
Grandma
gave
each
grandchild
a
crisp
new
bill
for
the
holiday
.
Grandma
gave
each
grandchild
a
crisp
new
bill
for
the
holiday
.
noun
the
hard
,
pointed
mouth
part
of
a
bird
or
similar
animal
,
also
called
a
beak
•
The
pelican
’
s
large
bill
can
hold
a
lot
of
water
and
fish
.
The
pelican
’
s
large
bill
can
hold
a
lot
of
water
and
fish
.
•
The
parrot
cracked
the
nut
with
its
strong
bill
.
The
parrot
cracked
the
nut
with
its
strong
bill
.
verb
-
bill
,
billing
,
bills
,
billed
to
send
someone
a
statement
saying
how
much
money
they
must
pay
for
goods
or
services
•
The
mechanic
will
bill
you
after
the
repairs
are
complete
.
The
mechanic
will
bill
you
after
the
repairs
are
complete
.
•
They
billed
the
company
for
travel
expenses
.
They
billed
the
company
for
travel
expenses
.
noun
a
written
proposal
for
a
new
law
that
is
presented
to
a
parliament
or
congress
for
discussion
•
Parliament
will
vote
on
the
education
bill
next
week
.
Parliament
will
vote
on
the
education
bill
next
week
.
•
The
senator
introduced
a
bill
to
improve
healthcare
access
.
The
senator
introduced
a
bill
to
improve
healthcare
access
.
noun
a
printed
or
online
notice
that
advertises
or
lists
who
will
perform
or
what
will
be
shown
,
especially
in
a
theater
or
at
a
cinema
•
Her
name
appeared
at
the
top
of
the
concert
bill
.
Her
name
appeared
at
the
top
of
the
concert
bill
.
•
The
double-feature
bill
included
two
classic
horror
films
.
The
double-feature
bill
included
two
classic
horror
films
.
willing
adjective
ready
and
happy
to
do
something
when
asked
or
needed
•
The
volunteers
were
willing
to
work
late
to
finish
the
project
.
The
volunteers
were
willing
to
work
late
to
finish
the
project
.
•
If
you're
willing
,
I
can
show
you
how
the
machine
works
.
If
you're
willing
,
I
can
show
you
how
the
machine
works
.
From
Old
English
willende
,
present
participle
of
willan
“
to
wish
,
desire
.”
adjective
done
,
given
,
or
happening
by
free
choice
and
without
force
•
He
made
a
willing
donation
to
the
local
shelter
.
He
made
a
willing
donation
to
the
local
shelter
.
•
The
company
relies
on
the
willing
cooperation
of
its
employees
.
The
company
relies
on
the
willing
cooperation
of
its
employees
.
same
as
Sense
1
,
reflecting
voluntary
nature
developed
in
Middle
English
.
hill
noun
a
naturally
raised
area
of
land
that
is
smaller
and
lower
than
a
mountain
•
The
children
rolled
down
the
grassy
hill
on
their
cardboard
sleds
.
The
children
rolled
down
the
grassy
hill
on
their
cardboard
sleds
.
•
From
the
top
of
the
hill
,
we
could
see
the
entire
valley
below
.
From
the
top
of
the
hill
,
we
could
see
the
entire
valley
below
.
Old
English
“
hyll
,”
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
“
hille
”
and
German
“
Hügel
,”
all
meaning
a
small
elevation
of
land
.
noun
a
pile
or
large
heap
of
things
that
forms
a
mound-like
shape
•
He
poured
the
rice
onto
the
table
,
making
a
hill
in
the
middle
.
He
poured
the
rice
onto
the
table
,
making
a
hill
in
the
middle
.
•
The
toddler
sat
among
a
hill
of
colorful
toy
blocks
.
The
toddler
sat
among
a
hill
of
colorful
toy
blocks
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
landform
sense
,
attested
since
the
15th
century
.
verb
to
pile
or
draw
earth
up
around
the
base
of
a
plant
to
protect
it
or
help
it
grow
•
After
planting
the
potatoes
,
the
farmer
carefully
hilled
the
soil
around
each
row
.
After
planting
the
potatoes
,
the
farmer
carefully
hilled
the
soil
around
each
row
.
•
You
need
to
keep
hilling
the
stems
so
the
tubers
stay
covered
.
You
need
to
keep
hilling
the
stems
so
the
tubers
stay
covered
.
Verb
use
recorded
since
the
1600s
,
formed
from
the
noun
sense
+
the
productive
verb-forming
pattern
meaning
“
to
cover
or
heap
with
.”
billion
noun
the
number
1
,
000
,
000
,
000
(
one
thousand
million
)
•
The
world
now
has
over
a
billion
smartphones
in
use
.
The
world
now
has
over
a
billion
smartphones
in
use
.
•
The
new
bridge
cost
nearly
two
billion
dollars
to
build
.
The
new
bridge
cost
nearly
two
billion
dollars
to
build
.
from
French
“
billion
”,
formed
on
the
model
of
“
million
”
in
the
late
17th
century
,
originally
meaning
a
million
million
but
later
adopted
for
one
thousand
million
in
most
English-speaking
countries
noun
the
number
1
000
000
000
(
one
thousand
million
)
•
Earth
’
s
population
is
over
eight
billion
people
.
Earth
’
s
population
is
over
eight
billion
people
.
•
Scientists
estimate
there
are
about
three
billion
base
pairs
in
human
DNA
.
Scientists
estimate
there
are
about
three
billion
base
pairs
in
human
DNA
.
Borrowed
in
the
17th
century
from
French
“
billion
”,
originally
meaning
a
million
millions
,
later
adopted
in
the
20th
century
to
mean
a
thousand
millions
in
most
English-speaking
countries
.
noun
an
extremely
large
but
unspecified
number
of
things
;
used
hyperbolically
•
I
’
ve
told
you
a
billion
times
to
close
the
door
.
I
’
ve
told
you
a
billion
times
to
close
the
door
.
•
There
are
a
billion
stars
in
the
sky
tonight
,
or
so
it
seems
.
There
are
a
billion
stars
in
the
sky
tonight
,
or
so
it
seems
.
Extension
of
the
literal
numerical
sense
to
a
figurative
one
for
emphasis
,
attested
from
the
early
1900s
.
noun
in
older
British
usage
,
the
number
1
,
000
,
000
,
000
,
000
(
one
million
million
)
•
A
Victorian
newspaper
quoted
the
national
debt
at
one
billion
pounds
,
meaning
a
million
million
.
A
Victorian
newspaper
quoted
the
national
debt
at
one
billion
pounds
,
meaning
a
million
million
.
•
Students
of
economic
history
must
remember
that
a
British
billion
once
stood
for
10^12
.
Students
of
economic
history
must
remember
that
a
British
billion
once
stood
for
10^12
.
borrowed
from
French
and
used
on
the
long
scale
in
Britain
until
the
mid-20th
century
,
when
official
usage
shifted
to
the
short
scale
noun
(
dated
,
long
scale
)
the
number
1
000
000
000
000
(
one
million
million
)
•
In
Victorian
Britain
,
a
billion
represented
a
million
million
.
In
Victorian
Britain
,
a
billion
represented
a
million
million
.
•
An
1890s
economics
textbook
defines
a
billion
as
10¹²
.
An
1890s
economics
textbook
defines
a
billion
as
10¹²
.
From
French
“
billion
” (
million
million
).
Retained
this
value
in
British
English
until
the
late
20th
century
.
village
noun
a
small
group
of
houses
and
other
buildings
in
the
countryside
,
larger
than
a
hamlet
but
smaller
than
a
town
,
together
with
the
surrounding
area
•
They
moved
from
the
crowded
city
to
a
quiet
village
surrounded
by
fields
.
They
moved
from
the
crowded
city
to
a
quiet
village
surrounded
by
fields
.
•
The
village
lies
on
the
riverbank
,
just
five
miles
from
the
town
.
The
village
lies
on
the
riverbank
,
just
five
miles
from
the
town
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
village
,
from
Latin
villaticus
relating
to
a
country
house
(
villa
).
noun
the
people
who
live
in
a
village
considered
as
a
community
•
The
whole
village
gathered
in
the
square
for
the
festival
.
The
whole
village
gathered
in
the
square
for
the
festival
.
•
When
the
storm
hit
,
the
village
came
together
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge
.
When
the
storm
hit
,
the
village
came
together
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge
.
noun
a
small
self-contained
district
inside
a
larger
city
,
resort
,
or
campus
that
has
its
own
housing
and
facilities
•
The
athletes
stayed
in
the
Olympic
village
during
the
games
.
The
athletes
stayed
in
the
Olympic
village
during
the
games
.
•
There's
a
new
shopping
village
just
off
the
highway
.
There's
a
new
shopping
village
just
off
the
highway
.
killer
noun
a
person
who
deliberately
ends
another
person
’
s
life
;
a
murderer
•
The
police
finally
caught
the
killer
after
a
week-long
chase
.
The
police
finally
caught
the
killer
after
a
week-long
chase
.
•
Detectives
searched
the
abandoned
house
for
clues
left
by
the
killer
.
Detectives
searched
the
abandoned
house
for
clues
left
by
the
killer
.
From
Middle
English
kilour
,
formed
from
the
verb
“
kill
”
+
“
-er
” (
agent
suffix
),
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
an
animal
,
disease
,
or
other
thing
that
causes
death
•
Smoking
is
often
called
the
silent
killer
because
its
damage
builds
up
over
years
.
Smoking
is
often
called
the
silent
killer
because
its
damage
builds
up
over
years
.
•
Malaria
remains
a
major
killer
in
many
tropical
countries
.
Malaria
remains
a
major
killer
in
many
tropical
countries
.
noun
something
that
is
extremely
hard
,
tiring
,
or
unpleasant
to
endure
•
Yesterday
’
s
10-mile
run
was
a
killer
.
Yesterday
’
s
10-mile
run
was
a
killer
.
•
That
maths
exam
was
a
real
killer
.
That
maths
exam
was
a
real
killer
.
adjective
(
informal
)
extremely
good
,
impressive
,
or
effective
•
She
played
a
killer
guitar
solo
that
amazed
the
crowd
.
She
played
a
killer
guitar
solo
that
amazed
the
crowd
.
•
They
served
a
killer
chocolate
cake
at
the
party
.
They
served
a
killer
chocolate
cake
at
the
party
.
adjective
causing
death
;
deadly
or
extremely
dangerous
•
Scientists
are
racing
to
stop
the
spread
of
a
killer
virus
.
Scientists
are
racing
to
stop
the
spread
of
a
killer
virus
.
•
A
killer
storm
is
heading
toward
the
coast
.
A
killer
storm
is
heading
toward
the
coast
.
brilliant
adjective
very
bright
or
full
of
strong
,
clear
colour
or
light
•
The
sun
shone
with
brilliant
light
over
the
beach
.
The
sun
shone
with
brilliant
light
over
the
beach
.
•
She
wore
a
brilliant
red
scarf
that
caught
everyone's
attention
.
She
wore
a
brilliant
red
scarf
that
caught
everyone's
attention
.
Originally
referred
to
gemstones
sparkling
with
light
,
then
extended
to
vivid
light
or
color
.
adjective
extremely
intelligent
,
skilful
,
or
clever
•
The
brilliant
scientist
explained
the
new
discovery
in
simple
words
.
The
brilliant
scientist
explained
the
new
discovery
in
simple
words
.
•
Emma
came
up
with
a
brilliant
plan
to
finish
the
project
early
.
Emma
came
up
with
a
brilliant
plan
to
finish
the
project
early
.
From
Latin
"
brillare
"
meaning
"
to
shine
"
and
later
used
for
mental
brightness
.
adjective
very
good
,
enjoyable
,
or
impressive
•
The
film
we
watched
last
night
was
brilliant
!
The
film
we
watched
last
night
was
brilliant
!
•
Your
cooking
smells
brilliant
already
.
Your
cooking
smells
brilliant
already
.
Sense
of
general
excellence
arose
in
British
English
in
the
early
20th
century
.
Brilliant
interjection
used
to
show
pleasure
,
excitement
,
or
approval
•
“
We
got
the
tickets
!” “
Brilliant
!”
“
We
got
the
tickets
!” “
Brilliant
!”
•
“
The
test
is
cancelled
.” “
Brilliant
!”
“
The
test
is
cancelled
.” “
Brilliant
!”
Interjectional
use
comes
from
the
adjective
’
s
positive
sense
,
first
recorded
in
British
English
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
devil
verb
-
devil
,
devilling
,
devils
,
devilled
to
season
food
with
very
hot
spices
•
She
devilled
the
eggs
with
mustard
and
paprika
for
extra
kick
.
She
devilled
the
eggs
with
mustard
and
paprika
for
extra
kick
.
•
The
chef
loves
to
devil
chicken
wings
before
grilling
them
.
The
chef
loves
to
devil
chicken
wings
before
grilling
them
.
verb
-
devil
,
devilling
,
devils
,
devilled
to
harass
or
annoy
someone
repeatedly
(
informal
,
old-fashioned
)
•
Flies
devilled
the
horses
all
afternoon
on
the
trail
.
Flies
devilled
the
horses
all
afternoon
on
the
trail
.
•
Gossiping
neighbors
devil
her
every
time
she
steps
outside
.
Gossiping
neighbors
devil
her
every
time
she
steps
outside
.
silly
adjective
-
silly
,
sillier
,
silliest
showing
a
lack
of
good
sense
or
judgement
;
foolish
•
It
would
be
silly
to
climb
the
mountain
during
a
storm
.
It
would
be
silly
to
climb
the
mountain
during
a
storm
.
•
I
made
a
silly
mistake
on
the
math
test
and
got
the
answer
wrong
.
I
made
a
silly
mistake
on
the
math
test
and
got
the
answer
wrong
.
From
Middle
English
‘
sely
’,
originally
meaning
happy
or
fortunate
,
later
shifting
to
innocent
and
then
to
foolish
.
adjective
-
silly
,
sillier
,
silliest
playful
,
funny
,
or
light-hearted
in
a
way
that
makes
people
laugh
•
The
clown
told
a
silly
joke
that
made
the
children
giggle
.
The
clown
told
a
silly
joke
that
made
the
children
giggle
.
•
Dad
pulled
a
silly
face
in
the
family
photo
.
Dad
pulled
a
silly
face
in
the
family
photo
.
adjective
-
silly
,
sillier
,
silliest
feeling
embarrassed
,
awkward
,
or
self-conscious
•
I
felt
silly
when
I
waved
at
someone
who
wasn
’
t
my
friend
.
I
felt
silly
when
I
waved
at
someone
who
wasn
’
t
my
friend
.
•
He
looked
silly
after
tripping
over
nothing
in
front
of
the
class
.
He
looked
silly
after
tripping
over
nothing
in
front
of
the
class
.
noun
-
silly
,
sillies
an
informal
term
for
a
person
who
is
acting
in
a
foolish
or
playful
way
•
Don
’
t
be
such
a
silly
—
the
movie
isn
’
t
real
!
Don
’
t
be
such
a
silly
—
the
movie
isn
’
t
real
!
•
You
little
silly
,
put
your
coat
on
before
you
catch
a
cold
.
You
little
silly
,
put
your
coat
on
before
you
catch
a
cold
.
killing
noun
the
act
of
causing
a
person
or
animal
to
die
;
an
instance
in
which
someone
is
killed
•
The
detective
investigated
the
brutal
killing
of
the
businessman
.
The
detective
investigated
the
brutal
killing
of
the
businessman
.
•
Hunting
laws
protect
wildlife
by
punishing
illegal
killings
of
endangered
animals
.
Hunting
laws
protect
wildlife
by
punishing
illegal
killings
of
endangered
animals
.
noun
a
large
amount
of
money
earned
very
quickly
and
easily
•
Grace
made a killing
by
selling
her
old
comic
books
online
.
Grace
made a killing
by
selling
her
old
comic
books
online
.
•
If
the
deal
works
,
we
’
ll
make a killing
in
real
estate
.
If
the
deal
works
,
we
’
ll
make a killing
in
real
estate
.
adjective
able
to
cause
death
;
deadly
•
A
killing
frost
destroyed
the
young
tomato
plants
.
A
killing
frost
destroyed
the
young
tomato
plants
.
•
The
hunter
delivered
a
killing
blow
to
the
boar
.
The
hunter
delivered
a
killing
blow
to
the
boar
.
adjective
extremely
tiring
and
hard
to
endure
•
She
finished
a
killing
12-hour
shift
at
the
hospital
.
She
finished
a
killing
12-hour
shift
at
the
hospital
.
•
The
hikers
kept
a
killing
pace
up
the
mountain
.
The
hikers
kept
a
killing
pace
up
the
mountain
.
pill
noun
a
small
,
solid
piece
of
medicine
that
you
swallow
whole
•
The
doctor
gave
me
a
pill
to
take
after
lunch
.
The
doctor
gave
me
a
pill
to
take
after
lunch
.
•
She
cannot
swallow
large
tablets
,
so
her
medicine
comes
in
a
tiny
pill
.
She
cannot
swallow
large
tablets
,
so
her
medicine
comes
in
a
tiny
pill
.
From
Middle
English
pil
,
from
Old
French
pilule
,
from
Latin
pilula
meaning
“
small
ball
or
pill
.”
noun
informally
, “
the
pill
”:
a
daily
medicine
taken
by
women
to
prevent
pregnancy
•
Maria
went
to
the
clinic
to
discuss
going
on
the
pill
.
Maria
went
to
the
clinic
to
discuss
going
on
the pill
.
•
Some
women
experience
lighter
periods
after
starting
the
pill
.
Some
women
experience
lighter
periods
after
starting
the
pill
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
“
small
tablet
of
medicine
,”
popularized
in
the
1960s
when
the
first
oral
contraceptives
became
widely
available
.
noun
informal
:
a
person
who
is
annoying
,
boring
,
or
unpleasant
•
Don
’
t
invite
Greg
;
he
’
s
a
real
pill
at
parties
.
Don
’
t
invite
Greg
;
he
’
s
a
real
pill
at
parties
.
•
She
can
be
a
pill
when
she
doesn
’
t
get
her
way
.
She
can
be
a
pill
when
she
doesn
’
t
get
her
way
.
Originally
U
.
S
.
slang
(
early
1900s
),
perhaps
playing
on
the
idea
of
an
unpleasant
medicine
one
is
forced
to
swallow
.
verb
of
cloth
or
knitted
fabric
:
to
form
small
balls
of
tangled
fibers
on
the
surface
through
wear
or
washing
•
After
a
few
washes
,
my
favorite
sweater
began
to
pill
.
After
a
few
washes
,
my
favorite
sweater
began
to
pill
.
•
Cheap
fabrics
tend
to
pill
more
quickly
than
high-quality
ones
.
Cheap
fabrics
tend
to
pill
more
quickly
than
high-quality
ones
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
“
pill
”
in
the
sense
of
a
small
ball
,
first
recorded
in
textile
industry
use
in
the
1950s
.
till
preposition
up
to
(
a
particular
time
,
event
,
or
point
);
until
•
The
store
will
stay
open
till
midnight
for
the
holiday
rush
.
The
store
will
stay
open
till
midnight
for
the
holiday
rush
.
•
Wait
here
till
I
get
back
with
the
tickets
.
Wait
here
till
I
get
back
with
the
tickets
.
Old
English
til
meaning
“
to
,
until
,”
related
to
Old
Norse
til
,
both
expressing
direction
or
limit
.
conjunction
until
the
time
that
something
happens
•
Stay
here
till
the
rain
stops
.
Stay
here
till
the
rain
stops
.
•
They
didn
’
t
leave
the
party
till
it
was
almost
dawn
.
They
didn
’
t
leave
the
party
till
it
was
almost
dawn
.
Developed
alongside
the
prepositional
use
in
Old
English
,
functioning
to
link
clauses
about
time
limits
.
noun
a
machine
or
drawer
in
a
shop
where
money
is
kept
and
sales
are
recorded
•
The
cashier
rang
up
my
groceries
and
put
the
notes
into
the
till
.
The
cashier
rang
up
my
groceries
and
put
the
notes
into
the
till
.
•
At
closing
time
they
counted
the
money
in
the
till
.
At
closing
time
they
counted
the
money
in
the
till
.
Shortened
from
“
cash
till
,”
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
with
the
rise
of
mechanical
cash
registers
.
noun
the
amount
of
money
kept
in
a
shop
’
s
cash
register
at
a
particular
time
•
There
was
only
twenty
pounds
left
in
the
till
after
a
quiet
day
.
There
was
only
twenty
pounds
left
in
the
till
after
a
quiet
day
.
•
We
need
to
put
more
change
in
the
till
before
the
lunch
rush
.
We
need
to
put
more
change
in
the
till
before
the
lunch
rush
.
Extension
of
the
‘
cash
register
’
sense
to
the
money
inside
it
,
late
19th
century
.
verb
-
till
,
tilling
,
tills
,
tilled
to
prepare
and
work
soil
for
planting
crops
•
Farmers
till
the
fields
each
spring
to
loosen
the
soil
.
Farmers
till
the
fields
each
spring
to
loosen
the
soil
.
•
The
land
had
not
been
tilled
for
years
and
was
overgrown
with
weeds
.
The
land
had
not
been
tilled
for
years
and
was
overgrown
with
weeds
.
Old
English
tilian
“
to
strive
for
,
obtain
by
effort
,”
later
narrowing
to
working
the
soil
.