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red
adjective
-
red
,
redder
,
reddest
having
the
colour
that
is
like
blood
or
ripe
tomatoes
•
She
wore
a
red
dress
to
the
party
.
She
wore
a
red
dress
to
the
party
.
•
A
bright
red
apple
rolled
off
the
kitchen
counter
.
A
bright
red
apple
rolled
off
the
kitchen
counter
.
Old
English
rēad
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*raudaz
,
related
to
German
rot
and
Latin
ruber
.
noun
-
red
,
redder
,
reddest
the
colour
red
•
The
artist
mixed
blue
and
yellow
to
get
green
,
then
added
some
red
to
make
brown
.
The
artist
mixed
blue
and
yellow
to
get
green
,
then
added
some
red
to
make
brown
.
•
I
love
the
deep
red
of
autumn
leaves
.
I
love
the
deep
red
of
autumn
leaves
.
adjective
-
red
,
redder
,
reddest
showing
a
red
colour
in
the
face
because
of
strong
emotion
,
heat
,
or
effort
•
His
face
turned
red
when
everyone
sang
happy
birthday
to
him
.
His
face
turned
red
when
everyone
sang
happy
birthday
to
him
.
•
The
coach
was
red
with
anger
after
the
team
lost
.
The
coach
was
red
with
anger
after
the
team
lost
.
adjective
-
red
,
redder
,
reddest
supporting
or
relating
to
communist
political
ideas
•
During
the
Cold
War
,
some
Americans
feared
red
spies
.
During
the
Cold
War
,
some
Americans
feared
red
spies
.
•
The
country
adopted
a
red
flag
after
the
revolution
.
The
country
adopted
a
red
flag
after
the
revolution
.
noun
-
red
,
redder
,
reddest
a
person
who
supports
communist
ideas
•
The
young
red
gave
a
speech
about
workers'
rights
.
The
young
red
gave
a
speech
about
workers'
rights
.
•
Many
accused
him
of
being
a
red
during
the
1950s
.
Many
accused
him
of
being
a
red
during
the
1950s
.
reduce
verb
-
reduce
,
reducing
,
reduces
,
reduced
to
make
something
smaller
in
size
,
amount
,
price
,
or
level
•
The
store
reduced
the
price
of
the
jacket
by
30
percent
.
The
store
reduced
the
price
of
the
jacket
by
30
percent
.
•
Turning
off
unused
lights
can
reduce
your
electricity
bill
.
Turning
off
unused
lights
can
reduce
your
electricity
bill
.
From
Latin
‘
reducere
’
meaning
‘
to
lead
back
’
→
‘
to
bring
down
’.
verb
-
reduce
,
reducing
,
reduces
,
reduced
to
change
a
fraction
or
mathematical
expression
to
a
simpler
form
without
changing
its
value
•
She
reduced
the
fraction
6⁄8
to
3⁄4
.
She
reduced
the
fraction
6⁄8
to
3⁄4
.
•
You
can
reduce
that
equation
by
dividing
both
sides
by
2
.
You
can
reduce
that
equation
by
dividing
both
sides
by
2
.
verb
-
reduce
,
reducing
,
reduces
,
reduced
to
boil
a
liquid
so
that
some
water
evaporates
and
it
becomes
thicker
and
stronger
in
flavour
•
Let
the
sauce
simmer
until
it
reduces
by
half
.
Let
the
sauce
simmer
until
it
reduces
by
half
.
•
The
chef
reduced
the
stock
for
an
hour
to
make
it
rich
and
glossy
.
The
chef
reduced
the
stock
for
an
hour
to
make
it
rich
and
glossy
.
verb
-
reduce
,
reducing
,
reduces
,
reduced
in
chemistry
,
to
cause
a
substance
to
gain
electrons
,
lowering
its
oxidation
state
•
In
the
reaction
,
copper
ions
are
reduced
to
solid
copper
.
In
the
reaction
,
copper
ions
are
reduced
to
solid
copper
.
•
Adding
hydrogen
can
reduce
certain
metal
oxides
.
Adding
hydrogen
can
reduce
certain
metal
oxides
.
verb
-
reduce
,
reducing
,
reduces
,
reduced
(
dated
)
to
force
a
place
or
group
to
surrender
and
come
under
control
•
The
army
reduced
the
fortress
after
a
long
siege
.
The
army
reduced
the
fortress
after
a
long
siege
.
•
The
rebels
were
quickly
reduced
by
the
royal
troops
.
The
rebels
were
quickly
reduced
by
the
royal
troops
.
reduction
noun
the
act
or
process
of
making
something
smaller
or
less
in
size
,
amount
,
price
,
or
degree
•
The
store
announced
a
50%
reduction
in
winter
coat
prices
.
The
store
announced
a
50%
reduction
in
winter
coat
prices
.
•
Regular
exercise
can
lead
to
a
significant
reduction
in
stress
levels
.
Regular
exercise
can
lead
to
a
significant
reduction
in
stress
levels
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
reductio
(
n-
),
from
reducere
‘
bring
back
,
lead
back
’.
noun
the
amount
by
which
something
is
made
smaller
or
less
•
Customers
received
a
$10
reduction
on
every
ticket
.
Customers
received
a
$10
reduction
on
every
ticket
.
•
Her
new
diet
led
to
a
three-kilogram
reduction
in
weight
.
Her
new
diet
led
to
a
three-kilogram
reduction
in
weight
.
noun
in
cooking
,
a
sauce
or
liquid
made
thicker
and
more
flavorful
by
boiling
it
until
it
becomes
less
•
The
chef
simmered
red
wine
until
it
became
a
glossy
reduction
.
The
chef
simmered
red
wine
until
it
became
a
glossy
reduction
.
•
A
drizzle
of
balsamic
reduction
added
sweetness
to
the
salad
.
A
drizzle
of
balsamic
reduction
added
sweetness
to
the
salad
.
noun
in
chemistry
,
a
reaction
in
which
a
substance
gains
electrons
or
its
oxidation
state
decreases
•
Copper
oxide
undergoes
reduction
to
form
pure
copper
in
the
furnace
.
Copper
oxide
undergoes
reduction
to
form
pure
copper
in
the
furnace
.
•
Electrolysis
involves
both
oxidation
and
reduction
at
different
electrodes
.
Electrolysis
involves
both
oxidation
and
reduction
at
different
electrodes
.
noun
in
mathematics
or
logic
,
the
act
of
changing
a
problem
,
fraction
,
or
expression
into
an
equivalent
but
simpler
form
•
Fraction
reduction
turned
8⁄12
into
2⁄3
.
Fraction
reduction
turned
8⁄12
into
2⁄3
.
•
Row
reduction
helps
solve
systems
of
equations
quickly
.
Row
reduction
helps
solve
systems
of
equations
quickly
.
noun
in
medicine
,
the
act
of
putting
a
broken
bone
or
dislocated
body
part
back
into
its
normal
position
•
The
surgeon
performed
a
closed
reduction
on
the
patient
’
s
dislocated
shoulder
.
The
surgeon
performed
a
closed
reduction
on
the
patient
’
s
dislocated
shoulder
.
•
After
the
reduction
,
her
ankle
was
wrapped
in
a
cast
.
After
the
reduction
,
her
ankle
was
wrapped
in
a
cast
.
mother
verb
to
care
for
and
protect
someone
as
a
mother
does
•
The
elder
elephant
gently
mothered
the
orphaned
calf
until
it
could
survive
on
its
own
.
The
elder
elephant
gently
mothered
the
orphaned
calf
until
it
could
survive
on
its
own
.
•
She
often
mothers
her
younger
teammates
,
reminding
them
to
drink
water
and
stretch
.
She
often
mothers
her
younger
teammates
,
reminding
them
to
drink
water
and
stretch
.
number
verb
-
number
,
numbering
,
numbers
,
numbered
to
give
a
list
of
things
their
own
numbers
in
order
•
Please
number
each
page
of
your
report
.
Please
number
each
page
of
your
report
.
•
The
seats
are
numbered
from
one
to
twenty
.
The
seats
are
numbered
from
one
to
twenty
.
verb
-
number
,
numbering
,
numbers
,
numbered
to
be
a
particular
total
in
amount
•
The
guests
numbered
over
a
hundred
.
The
guests
numbered
over
a
hundred
.
•
The
wildlife
in
the
park
numbers
about
fifty
species
.
The
wildlife
in
the
park
numbers
about
fifty
species
.
war
verb
-
war
,
warring
,
wars
,
warred
to
fight
in
or
as
if
in
a
war
•
Rival
clans
warred
across
the
mountains
for
control
of
the
pass
.
Rival
clans
warred
across
the
mountains
for
control
of
the
pass
.
•
Nations
that
war
over
resources
often
neglect
their
people's
needs
.
Nations
that
war
over
resources
often
neglect
their
people's
needs
.
power
verb
-
power
,
powering
,
powers
,
powered
to
supply
energy
that
makes
a
machine
or
system
work
•
Large
turbines
power
the
factory
.
Large
turbines
power
the
factory
.
•
The
smartwatch
is
powered
by
a
tiny
battery
.
The
smartwatch
is
powered
by
a
tiny
battery
.
water
verb
-
water
,
watering
,
waters
,
watered
to
pour
or
give
water
to
plants
,
animals
or
land
so
that
they
do
not
become
dry
•
Every
evening
,
Ravi
waters
the
roses
in
his
garden
.
Every
evening
,
Ravi
waters
the
roses
in
his
garden
.
•
Don
’
t
forget
to
water
the
houseplants
while
I
’
m
away
.
Don
’
t
forget
to
water
the
houseplants
while
I
’
m
away
.
verb
-
water
,
watering
,
waters
,
watered
if
your
mouth
or
eyes
water
,
they
produce
liquid
because
you
smell
or
see
delicious
food
,
or
because
of
emotion
,
pain
or
irritation
•
The
aroma
of
freshly
baked
bread
made
my
mouth
water
.
The
aroma
of
freshly
baked
bread
made
my
mouth
water
.
•
His
eyes
watered
when
the
cold
wind
blew
in
his
face
.
His
eyes
watered
when
the
cold
wind
blew
in
his
face
.
father
verb
to
be
the
male
parent
of
a
child
or
to
create
something
new
•
He
fathered
three
children
before
he
turned
thirty
.
He
fathered
three
children
before
he
turned
thirty
.
•
Scientists
discovered
that
one
male
turtle
had
fathered
over
a
hundred
hatchlings
on
the
island
.
Scientists
discovered
that
one
male
turtle
had
fathered
over
a
hundred
hatchlings
on
the
island
.
remember
verb
to
keep
a
person
,
fact
,
or
event
from
the
past
in
your
mind
•
I
still
remember
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
kitchen
.
I
still
remember
the
smell
of
my
grandmother
’
s
kitchen
.
•
Do
you
remember
where
you
put
the
keys
?
Do
you
remember
where
you
put
the
keys
?
From
Latin
rememorārī
“
to
recall
to
mind
,”
from
re-
(“
again
”)
+
memor
(“
mindful
”).
verb
to
keep
something
in
mind
so
that
you
do
not
forget
to
do
it
later
•
Please
remember
to
lock
the
door
when
you
leave
.
Please
remember
to
lock
the
door
when
you
leave
.
•
She
writes
notes
so
she
can
remember
her
appointments
.
She
writes
notes
so
she
can
remember
her
appointments
.
Sense
development
from
"
to
recall
"
toward
"
to
keep
in
mind
for
future
action
"
appeared
in
English
by
the
14th
century
.
verb
to
pass
on
greetings
or
good
wishes
to
someone
•
Please
remember
me
to
your
parents
.
Please
remember
me
to
your
parents
.
•
He
said
to
remember
him
to
all
his
old
colleagues
.
He
said
to
remember
him
to
all
his
old
colleagues
.
This
polite
sense
dates
back
to
the
16th
century
,
from
the
idea
of
“
calling
someone
to
mind
”
in
another
’
s
presence
.
center
verb
-
center
,
centering
,
centers
,
centered
to
place
or
move
something
so
that
it
is
exactly
in
the
middle
,
or
to
be
positioned
in
the
middle
•
She
centered
the
photo
in
the
frame
.
She
centered
the
photo
in
the
frame
.
•
Before
drilling
,
center
the
mark
on
the
board
.
Before
drilling
,
center
the
mark
on
the
board
.
extension
of
the
noun
sense
“
middle
”,
used
as
a
verb
since
the
17th
century
centre
verb
-
centre
,
centring
,
centres
,
centred
to
place
or
move
something
so
that
it
is
exactly
in
the
middle
,
or
to
be
positioned
in
the
middle
•
Please
centre
the
heading
on
the
page
.
Please
centre
the
heading
on
the
page
.
•
The
camera
automatically
centres
the
subject
.
The
camera
automatically
centres
the
subject
.
verb
use
of
the
noun
“
centre
,”
recorded
in
British
English
since
the
17th
century
better
verb
to
improve
something
or
to
become
superior
to
something
else
.
•
Regular
exercise
can
better
your
health
.
Regular
exercise
can
better
your
health
.
•
The
company
hopes
to
better
last
year
’
s
sales
record
.
The
company
hopes
to
better
last
year
’
s
sales
record
.
From
Old
English
‘
betterian
’ (“
to
make
better
”),
formed
from
the
adjective
.
consider
verb
to
think
about
something
carefully
before
you
decide
what
to
do
•
Before
buying
the
car
,
Mia
took
a
day
to
consider
all
the
costs
.
Before
buying
the
car
,
Mia
took
a
day
to
consider
all
the
costs
.
•
The
school
board
will
consider
your
proposal
at
next
week's
meeting
.
The
school
board
will
consider
your
proposal
at
next
week's
meeting
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
considerer
,
from
Latin
considerare
“
to
look
at
closely
,
examine
”.
verb
to
think
of
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
;
to
regard
•
Many
people
consider
broccoli
a
superfood
.
Many
people
consider
broccoli
a
superfood
.
•
The
town
considers
the
old
bridge
a
historic
treasure
.
The
town
considers
the
old
bridge
a
historic
treasure
.
verb
to
think
about
other
people's
feelings
and
try
not
to
cause
them
trouble
•
Please
consider
your
neighbors
and
keep
the
music
down
after
10
p
.
m
.
Please
consider
your
neighbors
and
keep
the
music
down
after
10
p
.
m
.
•
She
always
considers
others
before
making
plans
.
She
always
considers
others
before
making
plans
.
offer
verb
to
present
something
to
someone
so
they
can
accept
or
refuse
it
•
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
•
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
Old
English
offrian
,
from
Latin
offerre
‘
to
present
,
bring
before
’.
verb
to
say
you
are
willing
to
do
or
give
something
•
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
•
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Developed
from
the
earlier
sense
of
‘
presenting
something
’,
extending
to
the
speaker
’
s
willingness
.
verb
to
provide
or
make
something
available
•
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
•
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
Sense
broadened
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
services
and
opportunities
made
available
.
appear
verb
to
come
into
sight
after
not
being
seen
•
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
After
the
heavy
rain
stopped
,
a
bright
rainbow
began
to
appear
in
the
sky
.
•
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
The
magician
waved
his
wand
,
and
a
dove
suddenly
appeared
from
an
empty
hat
.
From
Latin
apparēre
meaning
“
to
become
visible
,
to
be
evident
.”
verb
to
seem
or
give
the
impression
of
being
something
•
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
From
his
smile
,
it
appears
that
he
enjoyed
the
concert
.
•
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
The
task
appeared
easy
at
first
,
but
it
was
actually
quite
tricky
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
Latin
apparēre
.
verb
to
be
printed
,
shown
,
or
become
available
to
read
or
use
•
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
Her
article
will
appear
in
tomorrow
’
s
newspaper
.
•
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
A
pop-up
message
appeared
on
the
computer
screen
,
asking
me
to
update
the
software
.
Use
developed
with
the
rise
of
print
media
and
later
digital
displays
.
verb
to
take
part
in
a
public
performance
or
to
be
present
officially
•
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
The
famous
actor
will
appear
in
a
new
Broadway
musical
next
month
.
•
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
The
band
appeared
on
a
late-night
talk
show
to
promote
their
album
.
Sense
extended
in
Middle
English
to
public
performances
and
legal
presence
.
require
verb
-
require
,
requiring
,
requires
,
required
to
need
something
because
it
is
essential
or
very
important
•
The
plants
require
plenty
of
sunlight
to
grow
strong
.
The
plants
require
plenty
of
sunlight
to
grow
strong
.
•
The
job
requires
good
computer
skills
.
The
job
requires
good
computer
skills
.
from
Middle
English
requeren
,
from
Old
French
requerre
,
from
Latin
requirere
“
seek
again
,
ask
for
,
need
”,
based
on
quaerere
“
seek
”
verb
-
require
,
requiring
,
requires
,
required
to
officially
demand
or
order
that
someone
do
something
,
or
that
something
happen
•
The
law
requires
drivers
to
wear
seat
belts
at
all
times
.
The
law
requires
drivers
to
wear
seat
belts
at
all
times
.
•
The
teacher
required
the
students
to
hand
in
the
assignment
by
Friday
.
The
teacher
required
the
students
to
hand
in
the
assignment
by
Friday
.
same
origin
as
other
sense
:
Latin
requirere
“
ask
for
,
demand
”
air
verb
-
air
,
airing
,
airs
,
aired
to
let
fresh
air
move
through
something
so
that
it
becomes
dry
,
cool
,
or
smells
better
•
She
hung
the
blankets
outside
to
air
them
in
the
sun
.
She
hung
the
blankets
outside
to
air
them
in
the
sun
.
•
Remember
to
air
the
kitchen
after
frying
fish
.
Remember
to
air
the
kitchen
after
frying
fish
.
verb
-
air
,
airing
,
airs
,
aired
to
broadcast
a
program
on
radio
,
television
,
or
the
internet
•
The
station
will
air
the
interview
at
6
p
.
m
.
The
station
will
air
the
interview
at
6
p
.
m
.
•
Our
favorite
show
airs
every
Friday
night
.
Our
favorite
show
airs
every
Friday
night
.
verb
-
air
,
airing
,
airs
,
aired
to
express
opinions
,
complaints
,
or
ideas
publicly
•
She
felt
comfortable
enough
to
air
her
concerns
at
the
meeting
.
She
felt
comfortable
enough
to
air
her
concerns
at
the
meeting
.
•
Citizens
gathered
to
air
their
views
on
the
new
law
.
Citizens
gathered
to
air
their
views
on
the
new
law
.
clear
verb
to
remove
things
from
a
place
so
that
nothing
is
left
blocking
or
covering
it
•
Could
you
clear
the
dishes
from
the
table
?
Could
you
clear
the
dishes
from
the
table
?
•
Firefighters
worked
to
clear
the
road
of
fallen
branches
.
Firefighters
worked
to
clear
the
road
of
fallen
branches
.
From
Middle
English
cleren
,
from
the
adjective
.
verb
(
of
weather
or
the
sky
)
to
become
free
of
clouds
,
rain
,
or
fog
•
The
storm
lasted
all
night
but
it
cleared
by
morning
.
The
storm
lasted
all
night
but
it
cleared
by
morning
.
•
If
the
fog
clears
,
we
can
see
the
mountains
.
If
the
fog
clears
,
we
can
see
the
mountains
.
Extension
of
the
verb
sense
based
on
the
adjective
.
picture
verb
-
picture
,
picturing
,
pictures
,
pictured
to
form
a
mental
image
of
something
;
imagine
•
Try
to
picture
the
city
100
years
ago
.
Try
to
picture
the
city
100
years
ago
.
•
I
can
’
t
picture
him
as
a
father
.
I
can
’
t
picture
him
as
a
father
.
verb
-
picture
,
picturing
,
pictures
,
pictured
to
show
or
represent
something
in
a
drawing
,
photo
,
or
words
;
depict
•
The
mural
pictures
local
heroes
.
The
mural
pictures
local
heroes
.
•
The
book
pictured
the
village
as
peaceful
and
welcoming
.
The
book
pictured
the
village
as
peaceful
and
welcoming
.
major in
verb
-
major
in
,
majoring
in
,
majors
in
,
majored
in
to
study
a
particular
subject
as
your
main
focus
at
a
college
or
university
•
Olivia
plans
to
major
in
environmental
science
.
Olivia
plans
to
major in
environmental
science
.
•
My
brother
majors
in
economics
at
college
.
My
brother
majors in
economics
at
college
.
wonder
verb
-
wonder
,
wondering
,
wonders
,
wondered
to
think
about
something
because
you
want
to
know
or
understand
it
•
I
wonder
if
the
train
will
be
late
again
.
I
wonder
if
the
train
will
be
late
again
.
•
She
couldn't
help
but
wonder
what
lay
inside
the
old
wooden
box
.
She
couldn't
help
but
wonder
what
lay
inside
the
old
wooden
box
.
verb
-
wonder
,
wondering
,
wonders
,
wondered
to
feel
great
surprise
and
admiration
•
Tourists
wondered
at
the
size
of
the
ancient
trees
.
Tourists
wondered
at
the
size
of
the
ancient
trees
.
•
I
always
wonder
at
her
ability
to
stay
calm
under
pressure
.
I
always
wonder
at
her
ability
to
stay
calm
under
pressure
.
noun
-
wonder
,
wondering
,
wonders
,
wondered
a
feeling
of
great
surprise
mixed
with
admiration
or
delight
•
The
children
gazed
in
wonder
at
the
fireworks
.
The
children
gazed
in
wonder
at
the
fireworks
.
•
She
opened
the
gift
with
eyes
full
of
wonder
.
She
opened
the
gift
with
eyes
full
of
wonder
.
noun
-
wonder
,
wondering
,
wonders
,
wondered
a
person
or
thing
that
is
extremely
surprising
,
impressive
,
or
effective
•
The
pyramids
are
a
wonder
of
ancient
engineering
.
The
pyramids
are
a
wonder
of
ancient
engineering
.
•
The
new
microscope
is
a
technological
wonder
.
The
new
microscope
is
a
technological
wonder
.
letter
verb
to
write
,
paint
,
or
carve
letters
or
words
on
a
surface
•
The
signmaker
carefully
lettered
the
store
’
s
name
in
gold
paint
.
The
signmaker
carefully
lettered
the
store
’
s
name
in
gold
paint
.
•
She
is
lettering
wedding
invitations
with
a
calligraphy
pen
.
She
is
lettering
wedding
invitations
with
a
calligraphy
pen
.
paper
verb
to
cover
a
wall
or
surface
with
wallpaper
or
sheets
of
paper
•
They
decided
to
paper
the
nursery
with
bright
animal
print
wallpaper
.
They
decided
to
paper
the
nursery
with
bright
animal
print
wallpaper
.
•
The
landlord
papered
the
living
room
last
summer
.
The
landlord
papered
the
living
room
last
summer
.
career
verb
To
move
forward
rapidly
and
out
of
control
,
often
in
a
dangerous
way
.
•
The
truck
careered
down
the
icy
hill
,
scattering
snow
everywhere
.
The
truck
careered
down
the
icy
hill
,
scattering
snow
everywhere
.
•
A
soccer
ball
careered
across
the
playground
and
hit
the
fence
.
A
soccer
ball
careered
across
the
playground
and
hit
the
fence
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
the
idea
of
a
horse
racing
‘
full
career
’
along
a
track
,
later
applied
to
uncontrolled
motion
.
share
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
give
part
of
something
you
have
to
someone
else
so
you
both
can
use
or
enjoy
it
•
Lena
offered
to
share
her
crayons
with
the
new
boy
in
class
.
Lena
offered
to
share
her
crayons
with
the
new
boy
in
class
.
•
Can
we
share
the
last
slice
of
pizza
equally
?
Can
we
share
the
last
slice
of
pizza
equally
?
Old
English
“
scearu
”
meaning
a
division
or
cutting
,
later
evolving
into
the
verb
sense
of
dividing
what
one
has
.
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
have
or
use
something
together
with
another
person
at
the
same
time
•
Max
and
Joel
share
a
small
apartment
near
the
university
.
Max
and
Joel
share
a
small
apartment
near
the
university
.
•
During
the
festival
,
the
villagers
shared
one
long
wooden
table
for
the
evening
meal
.
During
the
festival
,
the
villagers
shared
one
long
wooden
table
for
the
evening
meal
.
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
tell
someone
about
your
thoughts
,
feelings
,
or
information
•
I
decided
to
share
my
worries
with
my
best
friend
.
I
decided
to
share
my
worries
with
my
best
friend
.
•
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
to
share
their
ideas
openly
.
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
to
share
their
ideas
openly
.
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
to
send
or
post
something
online
so
that
other
people
can
see
or
use
it
•
Please
share
the
photo
from
the
concert
on
the
group
chat
.
Please
share
the
photo
from
the
concert
on
the
group
chat
.
•
She
shared
the
article
on
social
media
to
raise
awareness
.
She
shared
the
article
on
social
media
to
raise
awareness
.
answer
verb
To
say
or
write
something
in
reply
to
a
question
,
letter
,
or
comment
.
•
Please
answer
the
teacher
when
she
calls
your
name
.
Please
answer
the
teacher
when
she
calls
your
name
.
•
He
couldn't
answer
because
his
mouth
was
full
of
cake
.
He
couldn't
answer
because
his
mouth
was
full
of
cake
.
From
Old
English
“
andswarian
”
meaning
to
make
a
reply
.
verb
To
pick
up
and
respond
to
a
ringing
telephone
or
a
knock
on
the
door
.
•
Could
you
answer
the
phone
while
I
stir
the
soup
?
Could
you
answer
the
phone
while
I
stir
the
soup
?
•
She
rushed
downstairs
to
answer
the
doorbell
.
She
rushed
downstairs
to
answer
the
doorbell
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
of
replying
,
applied
to
devices
like
telephones
and
doorbells
.
verb
To
match
,
satisfy
,
or
be
suitable
for
a
requirement
or
description
.
•
The
suspect
did
not
answer
the
description
given
by
witnesses
.
The
suspect
did
not
answer
the
description
given
by
witnesses
.
•
This
key
doesn't
answer
the
lock
anymore
.
This
key
doesn't
answer
the
lock
anymore
.
Developed
from
the
idea
of
a
reply
that
meets
or
satisfies
something
,
extended
to
suitability
.
star
verb
-
star
,
starring
,
stars
,
starred
to
be
the
main
performer
in
a
film
,
play
,
show
,
or
other
production
•
The
new
comedy
will
star
two
well-known
television
actors
.
The
new
comedy
will
star
two
well-known
television
actors
.
•
She
starred
in
a
hit
musical
that
ran
for
over
a
year
on
Broadway
.
She
starred
in
a
hit
musical
that
ran
for
over
a
year
on
Broadway
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
‘
celebrity
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
meaning
‘
to
feature
as
a
star
’.
prepare
verb
-
prepare
,
preparing
,
prepares
,
prepared
to
make
something
ready
for
use
,
for
an
event
,
or
for
something
to
happen
•
She
prepared
the
guest
room
with
fresh
sheets
before
her
friends
arrived
.
She
prepared
the
guest
room
with
fresh
sheets
before
her
friends
arrived
.
•
The
chef
is
preparing
a
spicy
soup
in
the
busy
kitchen
.
The
chef
is
preparing
a
spicy
soup
in
the
busy
kitchen
.
From
Latin
praeparare
,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
parare
‘
make
ready
’.
verb
-
prepare
,
preparing
,
prepares
,
prepared
to
get
yourself
ready
mentally
or
physically
for
something
•
He
closed
his
eyes
to
prepare
himself
for
the
difficult
conversation
.
He
closed
his
eyes
to
prepare
himself
for
the
difficult
conversation
.
•
Athletes
prepare
by
stretching
before
the
race
.
Athletes
prepare
by
stretching
before
the
race
.
From
Latin
praeparare
,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
parare
‘
make
ready
’.
care
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
feel
that
something
is
important
or
to
have
a
strong
interest
or
affection
•
I
don't
care
what
people
think
about
my
clothes
.
I
don't
care
what
people
think
about
my
clothes
.
•
Do
you
care
about
environmental
issues
?
Do
you
care
about
environmental
issues
?
Verb
sense
of
holding
something
dear
emerged
in
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
Old
French
‘
carer
’.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
to
look
after
someone
or
something
and
keep
them
healthy
,
safe
,
or
in
good
condition
•
Nurses
care
for
patients
day
and
night
.
Nurses
care
for
patients
day
and
night
.
•
Could
you
care
for
my
plants
while
I'm
away
?
Could
you
care
for
my
plants
while
I'm
away
?
Transitive
sense
of
providing
physical
help
became
common
in
the
19th
century
with
professional
nursing
.
verb
-
care
,
caring
,
cares
,
cared
(
formal
)
to
be
willing
or
have
the
desire
to
do
something
,
used
in
polite
offers
or
invitations
•
"
Would
you
care
to
join
us
for
dinner
?"
asked
the
host
.
"
Would
you
care
to
join
us
for
dinner
?"
asked
the
host
.
•
If
you
care
to
look
,
the
answer
is
on
page
ten
.
If
you
care
to
look
,
the
answer
is
on
page
ten
.
Polite
modal-like
use
arose
in
the
18th
century
as
a
gentler
alternative
to
“
want
”.
near
verb
-
near
,
nearing
,
nears
,
neared
to
move
or
come
close
to
something
•
The
train
neared
the
station
as
passengers
stood
ready
.
The
train
neared
the
station
as
passengers
stood
ready
.
•
As
winter
nears
,
temperatures
drop
sharply
.
As
winter
nears
,
temperatures
drop
sharply
.
occur
verb
-
occur
,
occurring
,
occurs
,
occurred
to
happen
or
take
place
,
often
without
being
planned
•
Earthquakes
occur
frequently
in
this
region
.
Earthquakes
occur
frequently
in
this
region
.
•
The
school
festival
will
occur
on
Saturday
evening
.
The
school
festival
will
occur
on
Saturday
evening
.
verb
-
occur
,
occurring
,
occurs
,
occurred
to
come
into
someone's
mind
suddenly
•
It
didn't
occur
to
me
to
bring
an
umbrella
.
It
didn't
occur
to
me
to
bring
an
umbrella
.
•
Did
it
ever
occur
to
you
that
she
might
be
right
?
Did
it
ever
occur
to
you
that
she
might
be
right
?
verb
-
occur
,
occurring
,
occurs
,
occurred
to
exist
or
be
found
in
a
particular
place
or
situation
•
Gold
deposits
occur
naturally
in
this
mountain
range
.
Gold
deposits
occur
naturally
in
this
mountain
range
.
•
This
rare
flower
occurs
only
in
high-altitude
meadows
.
This
rare
flower
occurs
only
in
high-altitude
meadows
.
figure
verb
-
figure
,
figuring
,
figures
,
figured
to
think
or
believe
something
,
often
based
on
reasons
you
have
•
I
figure
we'll
arrive
by
noon
if
we
leave
now
.
I
figure
we'll
arrive
by
noon
if
we
leave
now
.
•
She
figured
you
would
need
help
with
your
bags
.
She
figured
you
would
need
help
with
your
bags
.
verb
-
figure
,
figuring
,
figures
,
figured
to
find
an
answer
by
calculating
or
thinking
carefully
•
Can
you
figure
the
total
cost
for
me
?
Can
you
figure
the
total
cost
for
me
?
•
He
figured
the
distance
to
be
about
ten
kilometers
.
He
figured
the
distance
to
be
about
ten
kilometers
.
verb
-
figure
,
figuring
,
figures
,
figured
to
be
part
of
something
or
to
appear
in
it
•
Environmental
issues
figure
prominently
in
the
report
.
Environmental
issues
figure
prominently
in
the
report
.
•
Her
name
figures
on
the
list
of
winners
.
Her
name
figures
on
the
list
of
winners
.
color
verb
to
give
something
a
particular
color
by
using
crayons
,
paint
,
dye
,
etc
.
•
The
children
colored
the
picture
with
bright
markers
.
The
children
colored
the
picture
with
bright
markers
.
•
She
loves
to
color
intricate
designs
in
her
adult
coloring
book
.
She
loves
to
color
intricate
designs
in
her
adult
coloring
book
.
verb
to
influence
or
change
the
way
something
is
seen
,
thought
about
,
or
judged
.
•
His
past
experiences
colored
his
opinion
of
the
city
.
His
past
experiences
colored
his
opinion
of
the
city
.
•
Stress
can
color
how
we
remember
events
.
Stress
can
color
how
we
remember
events
.
colour
verb
to
give
something
a
particular
colour
by
using
crayons
,
paint
,
dye
,
etc
.
•
The
pupils
coloured
the
map
with
bright
pencils
.
The
pupils
coloured
the
map
with
bright
pencils
.
•
She
likes
to
colour
greeting
cards
by
hand
.
She
likes
to
colour
greeting
cards
by
hand
.
verb
to
influence
or
change
the
way
something
is
seen
,
thought
about
,
or
judged
.
•
Early
failures
coloured
his
view
of
risk
.
Early
failures
coloured
his
view
of
risk
.
•
Optimism
colours
her
memory
of
the
trip
.
Optimism
colours
her
memory
of
the
trip
.
doctor
verb
to
give
medical
treatment
to
a
person
or
an
animal
•
Paramedics
doctored
the
injured
cyclist
until
the
ambulance
arrived
.
Paramedics
doctored
the
injured
cyclist
until
the
ambulance
arrived
.
•
She
gently
doctored
the
kitten
’
s
paw
with
antiseptic
cream
.
She
gently
doctored
the
kitten
’
s
paw
with
antiseptic
cream
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
‘
doctor
’
meaning
a
medical
practitioner
.
verb
to
change
something
in
order
to
deceive
people
or
to
make
it
seem
better
than
it
really
is
•
The
journalist
noticed
that
someone
had
doctored
the
financial
records
.
The
journalist
noticed
that
someone
had
doctored
the
financial
records
.
•
He
was
fired
for
doctoring
the
results
of
the
experiment
.
He
was
fired
for
doctoring
the
results
of
the
experiment
.
Figurative
use
from
the
idea
of
a
doctor
‘
improving
’
or
‘
fixing
’
something
,
later
taking
on
a
sense
of
dishonest
alteration
.
character
noun
a
person
,
animal
,
or
other
figure
that
appears
in
a
story
,
play
,
film
,
comic
,
or
game
•
Harry
Potter
is
the
main
character
in
the
famous
book
series
.
Harry
Potter
is
the
main
character
in
the
famous
book
series
.
•
The
video
game
lets
you
create
your
own
character
and
choose
their
skills
.
The
video
game
lets
you
create
your
own
character
and
choose
their
skills
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
caractere
,
via
Latin
from
Greek
kharaktēr
‘
engraved
mark
,
symbol
,
imprint
on
the
soul
’.
factor
verb
-
factor
,
factoring
,
factors
,
factored
to
include
something
when
making
a
calculation
or
decision
,
usually
with
“
in
”
or
“
into
”
•
We
must
factor
shipping
costs
into
the
budget
.
We
must
factor
shipping
costs
into
the
budget
.
•
Did
you
factor
the
traffic
into
your
travel
plan
?
Did
you
factor
the
traffic
into
your
travel
plan
?
verb
-
factor
,
factoring
,
factors
,
factored
to
resolve
a
number
or
algebraic
expression
into
its
factors
•
Please
factor
the
quadratic
equation
on
the
board
.
Please
factor
the
quadratic
equation
on
the
board
.
•
They
quickly
factored
45
into
5
and
9
.
They
quickly
factored
45
into
5
and
9
.
officer
verb
to
provide
with
officers
or
to
command
as
an
officer
•
Experienced
captains
officer
the
training
vessel
each
summer
.
Experienced
captains
officer
the
training
vessel
each
summer
.
•
The
company
officered
the
project
with
seasoned
managers
.
The
company
officered
the
project
with
seasoned
managers
.
order
verb
-
order
,
ordering
,
orders
,
ordered
to
ask
for
food
,
goods
,
or
services
to
be
made
,
supplied
,
or
brought
•
I
will
order
a
salad
and
iced
tea
.
I
will
order
a
salad
and
iced
tea
.
•
He
ordered
a
new
laptop
online
last
night
.
He
ordered
a
new
laptop
online
last
night
.
verb
-
order
,
ordering
,
orders
,
ordered
to
tell
someone
officially
or
firmly
to
do
something
•
The
coach
ordered
the
players
to
run
five
more
laps
.
The
coach
ordered
the
players
to
run
five
more
laps
.
•
She
orders
her
staff
to
arrive
early
on
Mondays
.
She
orders
her
staff
to
arrive
early
on
Mondays
.
author
verb
to
write
or
create
a
book
,
article
,
report
,
or
other
written
work
•
She
authored
a
best-selling
biography
of
Nelson
Mandela
.
She
authored
a
best-selling
biography
of
Nelson
Mandela
.
•
The
senator
authored
the
bill
to
improve
healthcare
.
The
senator
authored
the
bill
to
improve
healthcare
.
store
verb
-
store
,
storing
,
stores
,
stored
to
put
something
in
a
place
so
you
can
use
it
later
•
Please
store
the
cheese
in
the
refrigerator
.
Please
store
the
cheese
in
the
refrigerator
.
•
He
stored
important
documents
in
a
locked
drawer
.
He
stored
important
documents
in
a
locked
drawer
.
verb
-
store
,
storing
,
stores
,
stored
to
keep
electronic
information
in
a
computer
so
it
can
be
used
later
•
This
app
can
store
your
passwords
securely
.
This
app
can
store
your
passwords
securely
.
•
The
GPS
device
stores
the
route
history
.
The
GPS
device
stores
the
route
history
.
floor
verb
to
cover
a
room
or
area
with
a
material
such
as
wood
,
tiles
,
or
carpet
•
They
floored
the
kitchen
with
ceramic
tiles
.
They
floored
the
kitchen
with
ceramic
tiles
.
•
We
plan
to
floor
the
living
room
next
week
.
We
plan
to
floor
the
living
room
next
week
.
verb
to
shock
or
confuse
someone
so
much
that
they
do
not
know
what
to
say
or
do
•
His
sudden
resignation
floored
everyone
in
the
office
.
His
sudden
resignation
floored
everyone
in
the
office
.
•
The
complex
puzzle
really
floored
me
.
The
complex
puzzle
really
floored
me
.
enter
verb
to
go
or
come
into
a
place
,
building
,
or
area
•
Visitors
must
enter
the
museum
through
the
side
door
during
renovations
.
Visitors
must
enter
the
museum
through
the
side
door
during
renovations
.
•
The
soldiers
quietly
entered
the
village
at
dawn
,
careful
not
to
wake
anyone
.
The
soldiers
quietly
entered
the
village
at
dawn
,
careful
not
to
wake
anyone
.
From
Old
French
entrer
,
from
Latin
intrare
“
to
go
inside
”.
verb
to
type
or
put
information
into
a
computer
,
device
,
or
form
•
Please
enter
your
password
and
press
the
button
.
Please
enter
your
password
and
press
the
button
.
•
He
quickly
entered
the
sales
figures
into
the
spreadsheet
before
the
meeting
.
He
quickly
entered
the
sales
figures
into
the
spreadsheet
before
the
meeting
.
verb
to
take
part
in
a
competition
,
race
,
or
event
•
Our
school
will
enter
a
team
in
the
national
robotics
contest
.
Our
school
will
enter
a
team
in
the
national
robotics
contest
.
•
She
entered
the
marathon
to
raise
money
for
charity
.
She
entered
the
marathon
to
raise
money
for
charity
.
verb
to
begin
or
move
into
a
particular
state
,
condition
,
or
period
•
The
country
entered
a
period
of
rapid
economic
growth
after
the
reforms
.
The
country
entered
a
period
of
rapid
economic
growth
after
the
reforms
.
•
When
the
lights
went
out
,
the
children
entered
a
state
of
panic
.
When
the
lights
went
out
,
the
children
entered
a
state
of
panic
.
verb
(
in
stage
directions
)
to
come
onto
the
stage
or
into
the
scene
•
Act
1
,
Scene
2
:
Enter
Macbeth
and
Banquo
,
their
swords
dripping
with
rain
.
Act
1
,
Scene
2
:
Enter
Macbeth
and
Banquo
,
their
swords
dripping
with
rain
.
•
The
script
notes
, "
Enter
the
clown
from
the
left
,
juggling
brightly
colored
balls
."
The
script
notes
, "
Enter
the
clown
from
the
left
,
juggling
brightly
colored
balls
."
pressure
verb
-
pressure
,
pressuring
,
pressures
,
pressured
to
try
to
make
someone
do
something
by
using
strong
persuasion
or
influence
•
The
sales
clerk
pressured
me
to
buy
the
expensive
phone
.
The
sales
clerk
pressured
me
to
buy
the
expensive
phone
.
•
Don
’
t
let
anyone
pressure
you
into
making
a
quick
decision
.
Don
’
t
let
anyone
pressure
you
into
making
a
quick
decision
.
culture
verb
-
culture
,
culturing
,
cultures
,
cultured
to
grow
microorganisms
,
cells
,
or
tissues
in
a
controlled
environment
for
study
or
production
•
Technicians
culture
the
virus
in
a
secure
lab
before
testing
vaccines
.
Technicians
culture
the
virus
in
a
secure
lab
before
testing
vaccines
.
•
To
culture
yogurt
,
you
need
to
keep
the
milk
warm
for
several
hours
.
To
culture
yogurt
,
you
need
to
keep
the
milk
warm
for
several
hours
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
in
scientific
contexts
in
the
late
19th
century
.
summer
verb
to
spend
the
summer
,
especially
in
a
particular
place
•
They
summer
in
a
small
coastal
town
every
year
to
escape
the
city
heat
.
They
summer
in
a
small
coastal
town
every
year
to
escape
the
city
heat
.
•
The
wealthy
family
summered
on
their
private
island
in
the
lake
.
The
wealthy
family
summered
on
their
private
island
in
the
lake
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
16th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
“
to
pass
the
summer
(
somewhere
)”.
compare
verb
-
compare
,
comparing
,
compares
,
compared
to
look
at
two
or
more
things
to
find
out
how
they
are
similar
or
different
•
Before
buying
a
laptop
,
Mia
compared
prices
at
several
stores
.
Before
buying
a
laptop
,
Mia
compared
prices
at
several
stores
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
compare
the
two
poems
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
compare
the
two
poems
.
verb
-
compare
,
comparing
,
compares
,
compared
to
be
as
good
,
important
,
or
impressive
as
something
else
•
No
other
singer
compares
with
her
powerful
voice
.
No
other
singer
compares
with
her
powerful
voice
.
•
Nothing
compares
to
fresh
bread
straight
from
the
oven
.
Nothing
compares
to
fresh
bread
straight
from
the
oven
.
verb
-
compare
,
comparing
,
compares
,
compared
to
say
that
one
thing
is
like
another
,
often
to
explain
or
describe
it
•
The
coach
compared
the
team
’
s
journey
to
climbing
a
mountain
.
The
coach
compared
the
team
’
s
journey
to
climbing
a
mountain
.
•
Scientists
often
compare
the
brain
to
a
computer
.
Scientists
often
compare
the
brain
to
a
computer
.
discover
verb
to
find
something
that
already
exists
but
no
one
knew
about
or
had
seen
before
•
Astronomers
discovered
a
tiny
moon
orbiting
the
distant
planet
.
Astronomers
discovered
a
tiny
moon
orbiting
the
distant
planet
.
•
While
hiking
,
the
children
discovered
a
hidden
waterfall
in
the
forest
.
While
hiking
,
the
children
discovered
a
hidden
waterfall
in
the
forest
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
descovrir
,
based
on
Latin
discooperire
‘
uncover
’.
verb
to
learn
or
realize
something
new
about
a
fact
,
situation
,
or
person
•
I
just
discovered
that
the
café
closes
at
four
o
’
clock
.
I
just
discovered
that
the
café
closes
at
four
o
’
clock
.
•
She
discovered
how
easy
cooking
can
be
after
taking
a
short
class
.
She
discovered
how
easy
cooking
can
be
after
taking
a
short
class
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
ultimately
from
Latin
discooperire
‘
uncover
’.
verb
to
catch
or
find
someone
or
something
that
was
hidden
or
doing
something
wrong
•
The
security
guard
discovered
a
burglar
hiding
behind
the
shelves
.
The
security
guard
discovered
a
burglar
hiding
behind
the
shelves
.
•
Inspectors
discovered
several
safety
violations
at
the
factory
.
Inspectors
discovered
several
safety
violations
at
the
factory
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
“
uncover
”
to
people
or
wrongdoing
,
recorded
since
the
16th
century
.
partner
verb
-
partner
,
partnering
,
partners
,
partnered
to
join
with
another
person
or
group
to
do
something
together
•
The
local
café
partnered
with
a
bookstore
to
host
poetry
nights
.
The
local
café
partnered
with
a
bookstore
to
host
poetry
nights
.
•
Our
school
will
partner
with
a
charity
to
plant
trees
in
the
community
.
Our
school
will
partner
with
a
charity
to
plant
trees
in
the
community
.
structure
verb
-
structure
,
structuring
,
structures
,
structured
to
arrange
or
organize
something
in
a
clear
,
planned
way
•
The
teacher
structured
the
lesson
so
every
student
could
participate
.
The
teacher
structured
the
lesson
so
every
student
could
participate
.
•
He
carefully
structures
his
speeches
to
keep
the
audience
engaged
.
He
carefully
structures
his
speeches
to
keep
the
audience
engaged
.
Verbal
use
from
the
noun
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
.
fear
verb
-
fear
,
fearing
,
fears
,
feared
to
feel
afraid
that
something
bad
may
happen
•
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
Many
people
fear
flying
in
airplanes
.
•
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
I
fear
that
we
are
lost
in
these
woods
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
in
Old
English
;
verb
use
recorded
from
the
12th
century
.
lawyer
verb
to
use
legal
arguments
or
tactics
,
or
to
act
as
a
lawyer
,
often
to
avoid
blame
or
gain
an
advantage
•
The
company
tried
to
lawyer
its
way
out
of
paying
the
fine
.
The
company
tried
to
lawyer
its
way
out
of
paying
the
fine
.
•
Stop
lawyering
about
the
rules
and
just
play
the
game
!
Stop
lawyering
about
the
rules
and
just
play
the
game
!
Verbal
use
of
the
noun
,
first
recorded
in
U
.
S
.
English
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
measure
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
discover
the
size
,
weight
,
or
amount
of
something
using
a
tool
or
numbers
•
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
’
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
The
nurse
measured
the
boy
’
s
temperature
with
a
digital
thermometer
.
•
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
Use
this
tape
to
measure
the
width
of
the
doorway
.
verb
-
measure
,
measuring
,
measures
,
measured
to
judge
the
importance
,
value
,
or
effect
of
something
•
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
Success
is
often
measured
by
the
happiness
you
feel
.
•
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
The
professor
will
measure
your
progress
through
weekly
quizzes
.
credit
noun
-
credit
money
that
is
added
to
an
account
or
kept
there
as
a
positive
amount
you
can
spend
•
The
refund
appeared
as
a
$50
credit
on
her
bank
statement
.
The
refund
appeared
as
a
$50
credit
on
her
bank
statement
.
•
His
phone
still
had
enough
credit
for
one
more
international
call
.
His
phone
still
had
enough
credit
for
one
more
international
call
.
From
Latin
‘
creditum
’
meaning
‘
something
loaned
or
entrusted
’.
noun
praise
or
recognition
given
to
someone
for
something
good
they
have
done
•
You
should
give
yourself
credit
for
finishing
the
project
early
.
You
should
give
yourself
credit
for
finishing
the
project
early
.
•
The
director
claimed
full
credit
for
the
film
’
s
success
.
The
director
claimed
full
credit
for
the
film
’
s
success
.
Same
Latin
root
as
sense
1
,
linked
to
the
idea
of
trust
and
belief
.
noun
a
unit
that
shows
how
much
study
a
student
has
completed
toward
a
qualification
•
This
chemistry
class
is
worth
three
credits
.
This
chemistry
class
is
worth
three
credits
.
•
He
needs
thirty
credits
to
finish
his
degree
.
He
needs
thirty
credits
to
finish
his
degree
.
Shifted
from
financial
meaning
to
an
academic
‘
value
’
in
late
19th-century
U
.
S
.
universities
.
noun
-
credit
an
arrangement
that
lets
you
receive
goods
or
services
now
and
pay
for
them
later
•
The
shop
allowed
her
to
buy
the
sofa
on
credit
.
The
shop
allowed
her
to
buy
the
sofa
on
credit
.
•
Farmers
often
need
credit
to
purchase
seeds
before
harvest
season
.
Farmers
often
need
credit
to
purchase
seeds
before
harvest
season
.
From
the
idea
of
trust
a
seller
has
that
the
buyer
will
pay
later
;
commercial
use
grew
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
list
of
people
who
worked
on
a
book
,
film
,
song
,
or
other
work
,
usually
shown
at
the
end
•
Her
name
appeared
in
the
closing
credits
of
the
movie
.
Her
name
appeared
in
the
closing
credits
of
the
movie
.
•
Stay
after
the
credits
because
there
is
a
hidden
scene
.
Stay
after
the
credits
because
there
is
a
hidden
scene
.
Recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
for
film
industry
lists
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
giving
credit
’.
verb
-
credit
,
crediting
,
credits
,
credited
to
add
money
to
someone
’
s
account
•
The
bank
credited
the
interest
to
my
savings
account
.
The
bank
credited
the
interest
to
my
savings
account
.
•
We
will
credit
your
card
within
five
business
days
.
We
will
credit
your
card
within
five
business
days
.
Verb
use
dates
from
early
15th
century
,
meaning
‘
to
believe
’;
the
financial
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
credit
,
crediting
,
credits
,
credited
to
say
or
believe
that
someone
or
something
is
responsible
for
a
success
,
idea
,
or
result
•
Many
people
credit
Marie
Curie
with
discovering
radium
.
Many
people
credit
Marie
Curie
with
discovering
radium
.
•
He
credited
his
success
to
supportive
parents
and
hard
work
.
He
credited
his
success
to
supportive
parents
and
hard
work
.
Extends
original
sense
of
‘
believe
’
to
assigning
cause
or
praise
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
.
feature
verb
-
feature
,
featuring
,
features
,
featured
to
include
or
show
something
or
someone
as
an
important
part
•
The
exhibition
features
interactive
robots
that
dance
with
visitors
.
The
exhibition
features
interactive
robots
that
dance
with
visitors
.
•
Next
week's
show
will
feature
a
famous
violinist
.
Next
week's
show
will
feature
a
famous
violinist
.
score
verb
-
score
,
scoring
,
scores
,
scored
to
win
points
or
goals
in
a
game
or
competition
•
If
we
want
to
win
,
we
have
to
score
early
.
If
we
want
to
win
,
we
have
to
score
early
.
•
Our
team
hasn't
scored
yet
this
season
.
Our
team
hasn't
scored
yet
this
season
.
verb
-
score
,
scoring
,
scores
,
scored
to
cut
or
scratch
a
shallow
line
on
a
surface
so
it
can
break
,
bend
,
or
absorb
better
•
Use
a
sharp
knife
to
score
the
bread
dough
before
baking
.
Use
a
sharp
knife
to
score
the
bread
dough
before
baking
.
•
The
mason
scored
the
concrete
so
it
would
break
cleanly
.
The
mason
scored
the
concrete
so
it
would
break
cleanly
.
suffer
verb
to
feel
physical
pain
or
strong
unhappiness
•
During
the
long
drought
,
the
farmers
suffered
because
their
fields
were
dry
and
cracked
.
During
the
long
drought
,
the
farmers
suffered
because
their
fields
were
dry
and
cracked
.
•
The
injured
puppy
lay
on
the
roadside
,
clearly
suffering
and
whimpering
softly
.
The
injured
puppy
lay
on
the
roadside
,
clearly
suffering
and
whimpering
softly
.
From
Latin
‘
sufferre
’
meaning
‘
to
bear
up
or
endure
’.
verb
to
become
worse
or
be
badly
affected
because
of
something
•
The
small
shop
suffered
when
a
huge
supermarket
opened
across
the
street
.
The
small
shop
suffered
when
a
huge
supermarket
opened
across
the
street
.
•
Her
grades
suffered
after
she
started
working
late-night
shifts
.
Her
grades
suffered
after
she
started
working
late-night
shifts
.
verb
to
allow
something
unpleasant
to
continue
,
usually
because
of
patience
or
tolerance
•
The
strict
teacher
would
not
suffer
rude
behavior
in
her
classroom
.
The
strict
teacher
would
not
suffer
rude
behavior
in
her
classroom
.
•
He
refuses
to
suffer
fools
gladly
and
often
walks
away
from
pointless
debates
.
He
refuses
to
suffer
fools
gladly
and
often
walks
away
from
pointless
debates
.
finger
verb
to
touch
,
move
,
or
feel
something
with
the
fingers
•
She
gently
fingered
the
soft
fabric
of
the
scarf
.
She
gently
fingered
the
soft
fabric
of
the
scarf
.
•
The
pianist
fingered
the
keys
to
check
the
instrument
before
the
concert
.
The
pianist
fingered
the
keys
to
check
the
instrument
before
the
concert
.
verb
to
point
out
or
name
someone
as
responsible
for
something
bad
,
especially
to
police
•
Witnesses
fingered
the
suspect
after
seeing
the
security
footage
.
Witnesses
fingered
the
suspect
after
seeing
the
security
footage
.
•
The
anonymous
caller
fingered
the
gang
leader
for
the
robbery
.
The
anonymous
caller
fingered
the
gang
leader
for
the
robbery
.
bar
verb
-
bar
,
barring
,
bars
,
barred
to
block
something
with
a
bar
or
similar
object
so
that
people
or
things
cannot
pass
•
They
barred
the
door
with
a
heavy
plank
during
the
storm
.
They
barred
the
door
with
a
heavy
plank
during
the
storm
.
•
Protesters
tried
to
enter
,
but
police
had
barred
the
gate
.
Protesters
tried
to
enter
,
but
police
had
barred
the
gate
.
Same
physical
sense
as
Noun
Sense
2
,
applied
to
an
action
.
verb
-
bar
,
barring
,
bars
,
barred
to
officially
prevent
someone
from
doing
something
or
from
going
somewhere
•
The
company
barred
him
from
using
their
computers
after
the
breach
.
The
company
barred
him
from
using
their
computers
after
the
breach
.
•
Pets
are
barred
from
the
hotel
restaurant
.
Pets
are
barred
from
the
hotel
restaurant
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
blocking
with
a
physical
bar
.
refer
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
mention
or
speak
about
someone
or
something
•
In
his
speech
,
the
mayor
referred
to
the
new
hospital
several
times
.
In
his
speech
,
the
mayor
referred
to
the
new
hospital
several
times
.
•
Please
don't
refer
to
her
mistakes
during
the
meeting
.
Please
don't
refer
to
her
mistakes
during
the
meeting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
referre
’
meaning
“
bring
back
,
report
.”
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
be
about
,
relate
to
,
or
describe
something
•
The
code
name
'Project
Sunrise'
refers
to
the
company's
renewable
energy
plan
.
The
code
name
'Project
Sunrise'
refers
to
the
company's
renewable
energy
plan
.
•
This
rule
refers
only
to
full-time
employees
.
This
rule
refers
only
to
full-time
employees
.
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
look
at
a
book
,
chart
,
or
other
source
of
information
for
help
•
If
you
’
re
not
sure
of
the
answer
,
refer
to
the
instruction
manual
.
If
you
’
re
not
sure
of
the
answer
,
refer
to
the
instruction
manual
.
•
Students
can
refer
to
the
glossary
for
difficult
terms
.
Students
can
refer
to
the
glossary
for
difficult
terms
.
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
send
someone
to
another
person
or
place
for
advice
,
help
,
or
treatment
•
The
family
doctor
referred
the
patient
to
a
heart
specialist
.
The
family
doctor
referred
the
patient
to
a
heart
specialist
.
•
My
teacher
referred
me
to
a
helpful
website
for
extra
practice
.
My
teacher
referred
me
to
a
helpful
website
for
extra
practice
.
verb
-
refer
,
referring
,
refers
,
referred
to
pass
a
matter
to
someone
with
higher
authority
to
deal
with
•
The
police
referred
the
case
to
the
public
prosecutor
.
The
police
referred
the
case
to
the
public
prosecutor
.
•
Any
big
budget
changes
must
be
referred
to
the
board
.
Any
big
budget
changes
must
be
referred
to
the
board
.
stare
verb
-
stare
,
staring
,
stares
,
stared
to
look
at
someone
or
something
for
a
long
time
without
blinking
,
often
because
you
are
surprised
,
curious
,
or
impolite
•
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
huge
dinosaur
skeleton
in
amazement
.
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
huge
dinosaur
skeleton
in
amazement
.
•
Please
don't
stare
at
people
on
the
train
;
it
makes
them
uncomfortable
.
Please
don't
stare
at
people
on
the
train
;
it
makes
them
uncomfortable
.
verb
-
stare
,
staring
,
stares
,
stared
to
be
very
obvious
or
noticeable
,
almost
forcing
itself
to
be
seen
•
The
spelling
mistake
stared
from
the
front
page
of
the
newspaper
.
The
spelling
mistake
stared
from
the
front
page
of
the
newspaper
.
•
The
bright
red
sofa
stares
against
the
pale
cream
walls
of
the
room
.
The
bright
red
sofa
stares
against
the
pale
cream
walls
of
the
room
.
matter
verb
to
be
important
or
have
significance
•
It
doesn't
matter
where
we
sit
;
every
seat
has
a
good
view
.
It
doesn't
matter
where
we
sit
;
every
seat
has
a
good
view
.
•
What
really
matters
is
that
you
tried
your
best
.
What
really
matters
is
that
you
tried
your
best
.
fire
verb
-
fire
,
firing
,
fires
,
fired
to
shoot
a
bullet
,
arrow
,
or
other
projectile
•
The
hunter
carefully
fired
at
the
target
.
The
hunter
carefully
fired
at
the
target
.
•
When
the
starting
pistol
fires
,
the
runners
sprint
down
the
track
.
When
the
starting
pistol
fires
,
the
runners
sprint
down
the
track
.
verb
-
fire
,
firing
,
fires
,
fired
to
dismiss
someone
from
their
job
•
The
manager
fired
two
employees
for
repeatedly
arriving
late
.
The
manager
fired
two
employees
for
repeatedly
arriving
late
.
•
If
you
keep
missing
deadlines
,
they
might
fire
you
.
If
you
keep
missing
deadlines
,
they
might
fire
you
.
verb
-
fire
,
firing
,
fires
,
fired
to
make
something
start
burning
;
to
ignite
•
Early
settlers
fired
the
dry
grass
to
clear
the
land
.
Early
settlers
fired
the
dry
grass
to
clear
the
land
.
•
She
fired
the
charcoal
in
the
grill
and
waited
for
the
coals
to
glow
.
She
fired
the
charcoal
in
the
grill
and
waited
for
the
coals
to
glow
.
verb
-
fire
,
firing
,
fires
,
fired
to
heat
pottery
or
bricks
in
a
kiln
until
they
are
hard
•
The
ceramic
vases
will
be
fired
at
a
high
temperature
to
make
them
waterproof
.
The
ceramic
vases
will
be
fired
at
a
high
temperature
to
make
them
waterproof
.
•
You
must
let
the
pieces
dry
completely
before
firing
them
.
You
must
let
the
pieces
dry
completely
before
firing
them
.
corner
verb
to
force
someone
or
something
into
a
place
or
situation
they
cannot
easily
escape
from
•
Police
finally
cornered
the
thief
in
an
alley
behind
the
shops
.
Police
finally
cornered
the
thief
in
an
alley
behind
the
shops
.
•
During
the
debate
,
the
journalist
cornered
the
politician
with
a
tough
question
.
During
the
debate
,
the
journalist
cornered
the
politician
with
a
tough
question
.
verb
to
gain
control
of
most
of
something
,
such
as
a
market
or
supply
,
so
that
you
can
influence
its
price
or
availability
•
The
company
tried
to
corner
the
smartphone
market
by
buying
smaller
competitors
.
The
company
tried
to
corner
the
smartphone
market
by
buying
smaller
competitors
.
•
Speculators
attempted
to
corner
silver
in
the
1980s
.
Speculators
attempted
to
corner
silver
in
the
1980s
.
labor
verb
-
labor
,
laboring
,
labors
,
labored
to
work
hard
or
to
move
with
great
effort
•
The
farmers
labored
in
the
blazing
sun
.
The
farmers
labored
in
the
blazing
sun
.
•
She
labored
over
the
report
until
midnight
.
She
labored
over
the
report
until
midnight
.
From
Latin
laborare
“
to
toil
.”
labour
verb
-
labour
,
labouring
,
labours
,
laboured
to
work
hard
or
to
move
with
great
effort
•
They
laboured
for
years
to
restore
the
castle
.
They
laboured
for
years
to
restore
the
castle
.
•
The
cyclist
laboured
up
the
final
ascent
.
The
cyclist
laboured
up
the
final
ascent
.
From
Latin
laborare
“
to
toil
.”
shoulder
verb
to
take
on
and
deal
with
a
difficult
responsibility
,
duty
,
or
cost
.
•
After
the
project
failed
,
Nora
shouldered
the
blame
so
her
team
could
move
on
.
After
the
project
failed
,
Nora
shouldered
the
blame
so
her
team
could
move
on
.
•
Parents
often
shoulder
the
cost
of
their
children
’
s
university
fees
.
Parents
often
shoulder
the
cost
of
their
children
’
s
university
fees
.
From
the
noun
sense
:
metaphorically
carrying
a
load
on
one
’
s
shoulders
became
accepting
a
task
or
burden
.
verb
to
push
or
move
someone
or
something
using
one
’
s
shoulder
.
•
The
crowd
was
so
dense
that
I
had
to
shoulder
my
way
to
the
exit
.
The
crowd
was
so
dense
that
I
had
to
shoulder
my
way
to
the
exit
.
•
She
shouldered
the
heavy
door
open
against
the
wind
.
She
shouldered
the
heavy
door
open
against
the
wind
.
Extension
of
the
physical
body
part
,
referring
to
using
that
part
to
move
things
.
soldier
verb
to
serve
as
a
member
of
an
army
•
He
decided
to
soldier
for
his
country
after
finishing
college
.
He
decided
to
soldier
for
his
country
after
finishing
college
.
•
In
ancient
Rome
,
many
farmers
had
to
soldier
during
the
summer
campaigns
.
In
ancient
Rome
,
many
farmers
had
to
soldier
during
the
summer
campaigns
.
extension
of
the
noun
“
soldier
”
into
verb
use
in
the
16th
century
.
verb
to
continue
working
bravely
or
stubbornly
,
especially
when
it
is
difficult
;
to
persevere
•
Even
though
the
trail
was
steep
,
the
hikers
soldiered
up
to
the
summit
.
Even
though
the
trail
was
steep
,
the
hikers
soldiered
up
to
the
summit
.
•
She
had
a
cold
but
soldiered
through
the
concert
anyway
.
She
had
a
cold
but
soldiered
through
the
concert
anyway
.
figurative
extension
from
the
steadfast
qualities
associated
with
soldiers
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
.
chair
verb
to
lead
or
preside
over
a
meeting
,
committee
,
or
organization
.
•
Tomorrow
,
Olivia
will
chair
the
annual
budget
meeting
.
Tomorrow
,
Olivia
will
chair
the
annual
budget
meeting
.
•
He
has
chaired
the
committee
for
over
five
years
.
He
has
chaired
the
committee
for
over
five
years
.
Verbal
use
recorded
since
the
early
19th
century
,
from
the
noun
‘
chair
’
meaning
the
seat
of
authority
.
ignore
verb
-
ignore
,
ignoring
,
ignores
,
ignored
to
deliberately
pay
no
attention
to
someone
or
something
•
Emma
chose
to
ignore
her
ringing
phone
during
dinner
.
Emma
chose
to
ignore
her
ringing
phone
during
dinner
.
•
The
dog
kept
barking
,
but
I
tried
to
ignore
it
and
keep
reading
.
The
dog
kept
barking
,
but
I
tried
to
ignore
it
and
keep
reading
.
Mid-18th
century
:
from
French
ignorer
‘
not
know
’,
from
Latin
ignorare
‘
not
know
,
disregard
’.
verb
-
ignore
,
ignoring
,
ignores
,
ignored
(
computing
)
to
instruct
a
program
or
system
to
disregard
specific
input
,
errors
,
or
settings
•
Add
a
hashtag
to
ignore
a
line
in
this
configuration
file
.
Add
a
hashtag
to
ignore
a
line
in
this
configuration
file
.
•
The
compiler
will
ignore
any
warnings
with
the
‘
-w
’
flag
enabled
.
The
compiler
will
ignore
any
warnings
with
the
‘
-w
’
flag
enabled
.
Derived
from
the
general
English
verb
‘
ignore
’;
specialized
sense
in
computing
emerged
in
the
late
20th
century
as
software
allowed
users
to
suppress
or
bypass
certain
inputs
.
deliver
verb
to
bring
and
hand
over
letters
,
parcels
,
food
,
or
other
goods
to
the
person
or
place
they
are
meant
for
.
•
The
courier
rang
the
doorbell
and
delivered
the
package
before
noon
.
The
courier
rang
the
doorbell
and
delivered
the
package
before
noon
.
•
Every
morning
the
milk
truck
delivers
fresh
bottles
to
the
café
on
Main
Street
.
Every
morning
the
milk
truck
delivers
fresh
bottles
to
the
café
on
Main
Street
.
From
Middle
English
delivren
,
from
Old
French
delivrer
“
set
free
,
hand
over
,”
from
Latin
dēlīberāre
“
to
set
free
.”
verb
to
say
,
perform
,
or
present
something
such
as
a
speech
,
lecture
,
performance
,
or
joke
to
an
audience
.
•
The
principal
delivered
an
inspiring
graduation
speech
.
The
principal
delivered
an
inspiring
graduation
speech
.
•
The
comedian
delivered
the
punchline
perfectly
,
making
the
whole
crowd
laugh
.
The
comedian
delivered
the
punchline
perfectly
,
making
the
whole
crowd
laugh
.
verb
to
succeed
in
doing
what
is
promised
,
expected
,
or
required
.
•
The
new
manager
promised
results
and
quickly
delivered
.
The
new
manager
promised
results
and
quickly
delivered
.
•
Our
team
must
deliver
the
project
on
time
to
keep
the
client
happy
.
Our
team
must
deliver
the
project
on
time
to
keep
the
client
happy
.
verb
to
assist
in
the
birth
of
a
baby
or
to
give
birth
.
•
The
midwife
delivered
the
baby
in
less
than
an
hour
.
The
midwife
delivered
the
baby
in
less
than
an
hour
.
•
She
was
delivered
by
an
experienced
doctor
during
a
stormy
night
.
She
was
delivered
by
an
experienced
doctor
during
a
stormy
night
.
verb
to
rescue
or
free
someone
from
something
bad
or
dangerous
.
•
The
hero
vowed
to
deliver
the
villagers
from
the
tyrant
.
The
hero
vowed
to
deliver
the
villagers
from
the
tyrant
.
•
Ancient
prayers
ask
the
gods
to
deliver
people
from
evil
.
Ancient
prayers
ask
the
gods
to
deliver
people
from
evil
.
verb
to
throw
,
kick
,
or
send
a
ball
or
other
object
toward
an
opponent
or
target
in
sports
.
•
The
bowler
delivered
a
fast
ball
that
knocked
over
the
stumps
.
The
bowler
delivered
a
fast
ball
that
knocked
over
the
stumps
.
•
During
practice
,
the
quarterback
delivers
perfect
passes
to
his
receivers
.
During
practice
,
the
quarterback
delivers
perfect
passes
to
his
receivers
.
murder
verb
-
murder
,
murdering
,
murders
,
murdered
to
deliberately
kill
a
person
•
The
villain
murdered
the
king
in
his
sleep
.
The
villain
murdered
the
king
in
his
sleep
.
•
She
plotted
for
months
before
finally
murdering
her
partner
.
She
plotted
for
months
before
finally
murdering
her
partner
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
sense
,
from
Old
English
morthor
.
verb
-
murder
,
murdering
,
murders
,
murdered
informal
:
to
spoil
or
do
something
very
badly
,
especially
singing
or
performing
•
He
completely
murdered
the
song
by
singing
off-key
.
He
completely
murdered
the
song
by
singing
off-key
.
•
The
amateur
chef
murdered
the
simple
recipe
by
adding
too
much
salt
.
The
amateur
chef
murdered
the
simple
recipe
by
adding
too
much
salt
.
Extension
of
the
literal
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
to
criticize
poor
singing
or
playing
.
hundred
adjective
the
number
100
•
Sam
proudly
counted
to
hundred
without
making
a
mistake
.
Sam
proudly
counted
to
hundred
without
making
a
mistake
.
•
There
are
exactly
hundred
years
in
a
century
.
There
are
exactly
hundred
years
in
a
century
.
noun
a
collection
or
unit
of
one
hundred
things
,
people
,
or
years
•
The
factory
produced
a
hundred
bicycles
in
one
day
.
The
factory
produced
a
hundred
bicycles
in
one
day
.
•
He
bought
a
hundred
stamps
for
his
collection
.
He
bought
a
hundred
stamps
for
his
collection
.
noun
(
historical
)
in
medieval
England
,
a
subdivision
of
a
county
used
for
local
administration
and
justice
•
In
Saxon
times
,
each
hundred
held
its
own
court
.
In
Saxon
times
,
each
hundred
held
its
own
court
.
•
The
village
once
belonged
to
the
Somerton
hundred
of
Somerset
.
The
village
once
belonged
to
the
Somerton
hundred
of
Somerset
.
master
verb
-
master
,
mastering
,
masters
,
mastered
to
learn
,
understand
,
or
control
something
so
completely
that
you
can
use
it
very
well
•
It
took
her
months
to
master
the
new
software
.
It
took
her
months
to
master
the
new
software
.
•
He
finally
mastered
the
art
of
baking
sourdough
bread
.
He
finally
mastered
the
art
of
baking
sourdough
bread
.
Verb
sense
emerged
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
become
master
of
’
from
Middle
English
.
border
verb
to
share
a
common
boundary
with
another
country
,
state
,
or
area
•
Germany
borders
nine
different
countries
.
Germany
borders
nine
different
countries
.
•
My
grandparents'
farm
borders
the
national
forest
.
My
grandparents'
farm
borders
the
national
forest
.
verb
to
put
a
strip
or
design
along
the
edge
of
something
•
She
bordered
the
quilt
with
dark
blue
fabric
.
She
bordered
the
quilt
with
dark
blue
fabric
.
•
The
painter
bordered
the
mural
with
a
thin
black
line
.
The
painter
bordered
the
mural
with
a
thin
black
line
.
border on
verb
-
border
on
,
bordering
on
,
borders
on
,
bordered
on
to
be
almost
or
very
nearly
something
,
often
something
extreme
or
undesirable
•
His
behavior
borders
on
rudeness
.
His
behavior
borders on
rudeness
.
•
The
heat
today
borders
on
unbearable
.
The
heat
today
borders on
unbearable
.
quarter
verb
to
divide
something
into
four
equal
parts
•
First
,
quarter
the
potatoes
before
boiling
them
.
First
,
quarter
the
potatoes
before
boiling
them
.
•
The
carpenter
quartered
the
beam
to
fit
the
frame
.
The
carpenter
quartered
the
beam
to
fit
the
frame
.
verb
to
provide
someone
with
a
place
to
live
or
stay
•
The
villagers
agreed
to
quarter
the
soldiers
for
one
night
.
The
villagers
agreed
to
quarter
the
soldiers
for
one
night
.
•
During
the
tournament
,
families
in
town
quartered
visiting
players
.
During
the
tournament
,
families
in
town
quartered
visiting
players
.
theater
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
or
outdoor
space
with
a
stage
and
seats
where
people
watch
live
plays
,
concerts
,
or
other
performances
•
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
•
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
From
Middle
English
teatre
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
theatrum
,
from
Ancient
Greek
theátron
“
place
for
viewing
”.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
with
screens
and
seats
where
people
watch
films
•
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
•
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
Extension
of
Sense
1
after
the
invention
of
motion
pictures
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
the
art
,
craft
,
and
academic
study
of
writing
,
producing
,
and
acting
in
live
dramatic
performances
•
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
•
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
sterile
room
in
a
hospital
where
surgeons
perform
operations
•
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
•
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
’
s
new
theater
.
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
’
s
new
theater
.
Borrowed
from
the
dramatic
sense
to
describe
a
room
where
action
is
closely
watched
,
first
used
in
18th-century
hospitals
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
large
geographic
area
where
important
military
events
happen
during
a
war
•
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
•
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Military
use
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
comparing
large-scale
war
zones
to
a
stage
where
major
actions
are
played
out
.
hire
verb
-
hire
,
hiring
,
hires
,
hired
to
give
someone
a
job
and
pay
them
to
work
for
you
•
The
company
plans
to
hire
fifty
new
engineers
this
year
.
The
company
plans
to
hire
fifty
new
engineers
this
year
.
•
We
need
to
hire
a
babysitter
for
Saturday
night
.
We
need
to
hire
a
babysitter
for
Saturday
night
.
From
Old
English
hȳrian
“
to
hire
,
borrow
for
a
fee
,”
related
to
Old
High
German
huor
‘
hire
’
and
Latin
horia
,
meaning
a
fee
or
payment
.
verb
-
hire
,
hiring
,
hires
,
hired
to
pay
money
to
use
something
for
a
short
time
,
such
as
a
car
,
bicycle
,
or
tool
•
We
decided
to
hire
a
car
for
our
trip
around
Scotland
.
We
decided
to
hire
a
car
for
our
trip
around
Scotland
.
•
You
can
hire
skis
at
the
resort
instead
of
bringing
your
own
.
You
can
hire
skis
at
the
resort
instead
of
bringing
your
own
.
Same
root
as
the
employment
sense
,
but
extended
in
Middle
English
to
cover
renting
objects
as
well
as
people
.
winter
verb
to
spend
or
live
through
the
winter
season
in
a
particular
place
•
The
cattle
winter
indoors
when
the
weather
turns
harsh
.
The
cattle
winter
indoors
when
the
weather
turns
harsh
.
•
Some
birds
winter
in
warmer
countries
near
the
equator
.
Some
birds
winter
in
warmer
countries
near
the
equator
.
neighbor
verb
-
neighbor
,
neighboring
,
neighbors
,
neighbored
to
be
situated
next
to
or
very
near
another
place
•
Their
house
neighbors
a
large
city
park
.
Their
house
neighbors
a
large
city
park
.
•
The
restaurant
we
like
neighbors
the
old
bookstore
.
The
restaurant
we
like
neighbors
the
old
bookstore
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
,
meaning
“
to
live
next
to
.”
neighbour
verb
-
neighbour
,
neighbouring
,
neighbours
,
neighboured
to
lie
directly
next
to
or
alongside
something
•
The
farm
neighbours
a
dense
forest
.
The
farm
neighbours
a
dense
forest
.
•
Charming
cafés
neighbour
the
riverside
path
.
Charming
cafés
neighbour
the
riverside
path
.
Verb
sense
follows
the
noun
,
using
the
British
spelling
with
“
u
.”
minister
verb
to
give
help
or
care
,
especially
medical
or
spiritual
,
to
someone
who
needs
it
.
•
Nurses
ministered
to
injured
passengers
after
the
crash
.
Nurses
ministered
to
injured
passengers
after
the
crash
.
•
Volunteers
stayed
all
night
and
ministered
to
the
homeless
families
.
Volunteers
stayed
all
night
and
ministered
to
the
homeless
families
.
ensure
verb
-
ensure
,
ensuring
,
ensures
,
ensured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
definitely
happen
or
be
true
•
Please
ensure
all
the
windows
are
closed
before
we
leave
.
Please
ensure
all
the
windows
are
closed
before
we
leave
.
•
Double-checking
your
answers
will
ensure
you
avoid
simple
mistakes
on
the
test
.
Double-checking
your
answers
will
ensure
you
avoid
simple
mistakes
on
the
test
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Anglo-French
enseurer
,
alteration
of
Old
French
assurer
“
assure
”.
verb
-
ensure
,
ensuring
,
ensures
,
ensured
to
provide
or
secure
something
so
that
it
is
available
,
protected
,
or
maintained
•
The
new
policy
will
ensure
equal
opportunities
for
all
employees
.
The
new
policy
will
ensure
equal
opportunities
for
all
employees
.
•
Planting
trees
helps
ensure
a
cleaner
environment
for
future
generations
.
Planting
trees
helps
ensure
a
cleaner
environment
for
future
generations
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Anglo-French
enseurer
,
variant
of
assurer
.
gather
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
bring
things
or
people
together
into
one
place
or
group
•
At
the
end
of
the
picnic
,
we
gather
the
empty
plates
and
cups
into
a
trash
bag
.
At
the
end
of
the
picnic
,
we
gather
the
empty
plates
and
cups
into
a
trash
bag
.
•
The
librarian
asked
visitors
to
gather
their
belongings
before
the
library
closed
.
The
librarian
asked
visitors
to
gather
their
belongings
before
the
library
closed
.
Old
English
gaderian
,
from
a
Germanic
root
meaning
“
come
together
.”
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
come
together
in
a
group
•
A
small
crowd
began
to
gather
outside
the
museum
before
it
opened
.
A
small
crowd
began
to
gather
outside
the
museum
before
it
opened
.
•
On
New
Year's
Eve
,
families
gather
around
the
television
to
watch
the
countdown
.
On
New
Year's
Eve
,
families
gather
around
the
television
to
watch
the
countdown
.
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
understand
or
believe
something
after
considering
information
•
From
her
smile
,
I
gather
that
she
liked
the
surprise
.
From
her
smile
,
I
gather
that
she
liked
the
surprise
.
•
I
gather
you
have
finished
the
report
,
judging
by
your
relaxed
face
.
I
gather
you
have
finished
the
report
,
judging
by
your
relaxed
face
.
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
pull
fabric
together
in
small
folds
•
She
gather
the
fabric
at
the
waist
to
make
the
skirt
look
fuller
.
She
gather
the
fabric
at
the
waist
to
make
the
skirt
look
fuller
.
•
The
seamstress
will
gather
the
sleeves
before
sewing
them
on
.
The
seamstress
will
gather
the
sleeves
before
sewing
them
on
.
noun
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
a
small
fold
or
pleat
made
by
gathering
fabric
•
The
blouse
has
a
neat
gather
at
each
shoulder
.
The
blouse
has
a
neat
gather
at
each
shoulder
.
•
Tiny
gathers
give
the
dress
a
graceful
flow
.
Tiny
gathers
give
the
dress
a
graceful
flow
.
weather
verb
to
gradually
change
in
color
,
shape
,
or
surface
because
of
exposure
to
sun
,
wind
,
rain
,
or
other
outdoor
conditions
•
The
wooden
fence
has
weathered
to
a
soft
gray
over
the
years
.
The
wooden
fence
has
weathered
to
a
soft
gray
over
the
years
.
•
Stone
statues
weather
slowly
when
they
stand
in
salty
sea
air
.
Stone
statues
weather
slowly
when
they
stand
in
salty
sea
air
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
:
surfaces
change
because
of
the
action
of
weather
.
verb
to
survive
or
successfully
deal
with
a
difficult
or
dangerous
situation
•
The
small
company
weathered
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
and
innovating
.
The
small
company
weathered
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
and
innovating
.
•
The
sailors
weathered
the
fierce
storm
and
reached
the
port
safely
.
The
sailors
weathered
the
fierce
storm
and
reached
the
port
safely
.
Figurative
use
from
earlier
nautical
sense
of
‘
come
safely
through
bad
weather
’.
explore
verb
-
explore
,
exploring
,
explores
,
explored
to
travel
through
a
place
in
order
to
discover
what
it
is
like
•
During
their
vacation
,
the
family
decided
to
explore
the
ancient
castle
on
the
hill
.
During
their
vacation
,
the
family
decided
to
explore
the
ancient
castle
on
the
hill
.
•
Maria
grabbed
her
map
and
set
off
to
explore
the
winding
streets
of
the
old
town
.
Maria
grabbed
her
map
and
set
off
to
explore
the
winding
streets
of
the
old
town
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
explorare
“
to
search
out
,
investigate
.”
The
modern
sense
of
travelling
through
unfamiliar
places
became
common
in
the
16th–17th
centuries
.
verb
-
explore
,
exploring
,
explores
,
explored
to
study
,
discuss
,
or
think
about
something
in
detail
to
understand
it
better
•
In
her
essay
,
Lily
will
explore
the
impact
of
social
media
on
teenagers
.
In
her
essay
,
Lily
will
explore
the
impact
of
social
media
on
teenagers
.
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
explore
different
solutions
to
the
problem
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
explore
different
solutions
to
the
problem
.
verb
-
explore
,
exploring
,
explores
,
explored
to
open
part
of
the
body
during
surgery
in
order
to
find
the
cause
of
a
problem
•
The
surgeon
had
to
explore
the
patient's
abdomen
to
locate
the
source
of
the
bleeding
.
The
surgeon
had
to
explore
the
patient's
abdomen
to
locate
the
source
of
the
bleeding
.
•
If
the
scans
are
unclear
,
doctors
may
explore
the
area
during
surgery
.
If
the
scans
are
unclear
,
doctors
may
explore
the
area
during
surgery
.
pair
verb
to
put
two
people
or
things
together
so
they
work
,
look
,
or
function
well
together
•
Red
wine
is
often
paired
with
steak
.
Red
wine
is
often
paired
with
steak
.
•
Please
pair
your
phone
with
the
car
’
s
Bluetooth
system
.
Please
pair
your
phone
with
the
car
’
s
Bluetooth
system
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
in
late
Middle
English
,
meaning
‘
to
form
a
set
of
two
’.
tour
verb
to
travel
around
a
place
or
through
several
places
for
pleasure
,
learning
,
or
to
perform
•
Next
summer
,
we
plan
to
tour
Australia
in
a
camper
van
.
Next
summer
,
we
plan
to
tour
Australia
in
a
camper
van
.
•
The
theatre
company
will
tour
across
Europe
with
its
new
play
.
The
theatre
company
will
tour
across
Europe
with
its
new
play
.
desire
verb
-
desire
,
desiring
,
desires
,
desired
to
want
or
wish
for
something
very
strongly
•
Many
people
desire
peace
and
stability
.
Many
people
desire
peace
and
stability
.
•
She
desired
nothing
more
than
a
quiet
evening
at
home
.
She
desired
nothing
more
than
a
quiet
evening
at
home
.
cover
verb
to
put
something
over
or
around
something
else
to
protect
,
hide
,
or
keep
it
safe
•
She
covered
the
sleeping
baby
with
a
soft
blanket
.
She
covered
the
sleeping
baby
with
a
soft
blanket
.
•
Please
cover
the
pot
so
the
soup
stays
hot
.
Please
cover
the
pot
so
the
soup
stays
hot
.
Old
English
“
coferian
”
and
“
cuferian
,”
from
Latin
“
cooperire
”
meaning
“
to
put
something
over
,”
later
simplified
in
Middle
English
to
“
cover
.”
verb
to
include
or
talk
about
a
particular
subject
,
time
,
or
set
of
facts
•
Tomorrow
the
teacher
will
cover
the
causes
of
climate
change
.
Tomorrow
the
teacher
will
cover
the
causes
of
climate
change
.
•
The
documentary
covers
the
history
of
the
ancient
Maya
.
The
documentary
covers
the
history
of
the
ancient
Maya
.
Meaning
shifted
in
the
17th
century
from
physical
protection
to
“
deal
with
”
in
speech
or
writing
,
by
metaphorical
extension
.
verb
to
travel
a
certain
distance
•
The
train
covers
500
kilometers
in
just
three
hours
.
The
train
covers
500
kilometers
in
just
three
hours
.
•
We
covered
ten
miles
on
our
hike
before
lunch
.
We
covered
ten
miles
on
our
hike
before
lunch
.
This
sense
appeared
in
the
1600s
when
distance
was
imagined
as
space
that
could
be
“
laid
over
”
like
cloth
.
verb
to
do
someone
else's
work
or
duty
for
a
short
time
•
Could
you
cover
the
reception
desk
while
I
grab
lunch
?
Could
you
cover
the
reception
desk
while
I
grab
lunch
?
•
I
covered
for
Sam
during
his
vacation
last
week
.
I
covered
for
Sam
during
his
vacation
last
week
.
From
the
idea
of
‘
covering
’
a
gap
left
by
an
absent
person
,
recorded
since
the
early
1900s
.
capture
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
catch
a
person
,
animal
,
or
object
and
stop
it
from
escaping
•
After
a
long
chase
,
the
police
finally
captured
the
thief
in
an
alley
.
After
a
long
chase
,
the
police
finally
captured
the
thief
in
an
alley
.
•
The
net
fell
and
captured
the
rare
parrot
before
it
could
fly
away
.
The
net
fell
and
captured
the
rare
parrot
before
it
could
fly
away
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
capturare
’,
from
‘
captus
’ (
taken
,
seized
).
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
take
control
of
a
place
,
object
,
or
goal
,
especially
by
force
or
in
competition
•
The
rebels
captured
the
capital
after
weeks
of
fighting
.
The
rebels
captured
the
capital
after
weeks
of
fighting
.
•
Our
team
must
capture
the
flag
to
win
the
game
.
Our
team
must
capture
the
flag
to
win
the
game
.
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
record
an
image
,
sound
,
or
information
so
it
can
be
used
later
•
She
captured
the
sunset
on
her
phone
and
shared
it
online
.
She
captured
the
sunset
on
her
phone
and
shared
it
online
.
•
The
security
cameras
captured
clear
footage
of
the
break-in
.
The
security
cameras
captured
clear
footage
of
the
break-in
.
verb
-
capture
,
capturing
,
captures
,
captured
to
make
someone
feel
strong
interest
or
emotion
•
The
story
captured
the
children
’
s
imagination
.
The
story
captured
the
children
’
s
imagination
.
•
His
speech
captured
the
audience
’
s
attention
from
the
very
beginning
.
His
speech
captured
the
audience
’
s
attention
from
the
very
beginning
.
prefer
verb
-
prefer
,
preferring
,
prefers
,
preferred
to
like
one
thing
,
person
,
or
action
more
than
another
and
choose
it
if
you
can
•
Most
kids
prefer
ice
cream
to
vegetables
.
Most
kids
prefer
ice
cream
to
vegetables
.
•
I
prefer
walking
to
work
because
it
helps
me
wake
up
.
I
prefer
walking
to
work
because
it
helps
me
wake
up
.
From
Latin
praeferre
“
to
carry
before
,
esteem
more
highly
,”
from
prae
“
before
”
+
ferre
“
to
carry
.”
verb
-
prefer
,
preferring
,
prefers
,
preferred
(
law
)
to
give
one
person
or
creditor
priority
over
another
when
paying
debts
or
distributing
money
•
Under
bankruptcy
rules
,
a
company
cannot
prefer
certain
creditors
unfairly
.
Under
bankruptcy
rules
,
a
company
cannot
prefer
certain
creditors
unfairly
.
•
The
trustee
discovered
payments
that
preferred
the
CEO
’
s
relatives
.
The
trustee
discovered
payments
that
preferred
the
CEO
’
s
relatives
.
verb
-
prefer
,
preferring
,
prefers
,
preferred
(
formal
)
to
officially
present
or
submit
a
charge
,
accusation
,
or
request
for
consideration
•
The
prosecutor
decided
to
prefer
charges
against
the
suspect
.
The
prosecutor
decided
to
prefer
charges
against
the
suspect
.
•
Citizens
may
prefer
a
petition
to
the
committee
for
review
.
Citizens
may
prefer
a
petition
to
the
committee
for
review
.
core
verb
-
core
,
coring
,
cores
,
cored
to
remove
the
hard
central
part
of
a
fruit
•
Could
you
core
the
apples
for
the
pie
,
please
?
Could
you
core
the
apples
for
the
pie
,
please
?
•
She
washed
and
cored
the
tomatoes
before
stuffing
them
.
She
washed
and
cored
the
tomatoes
before
stuffing
them
.
predict
verb
-
predict
,
predicting
,
predicts
,
predicted
to
say
what
you
think
will
happen
in
the
future
before
it
actually
happens
•
Scientists
can
often
predict
when
a
volcano
will
erupt
by
studying
small
earthquakes
.
Scientists
can
often
predict
when
a
volcano
will
erupt
by
studying
small
earthquakes
.
•
No
one
could
predict
that
the
small
garage
business
would
grow
into
a
global
company
.
No
one
could
predict
that
the
small
garage
business
would
grow
into
a
global
company
.
Mid-16th
century
:
from
Latin
praedicere
‘
make
known
beforehand
’,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
dicere
‘
say
’.
disappear
verb
to
suddenly
go
out
of
sight
so
that
no
longer
anything
can
be
seen
•
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
Watch
the
magician
make
the
coin
disappear
right
in
front
of
you
!
•
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
When
the
sun
came
out
,
the
thick
morning
fog
began
to
disappear
.
From
French
disparoir
,
from
Latin
disparēre
(
to
vanish
).
verb
to
stop
existing
or
being
available
•
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
Many
small
bookshops
could
disappear
if
people
only
shop
online
.
•
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
Over
the
years
,
the
ancient
language
began
to
disappear
from
daily
life
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
verb
for
a
person
or
animal
:
to
go
somewhere
secretly
or
be
missing
so
that
no
one
knows
where
they
are
•
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
Our
cat
likes
to
disappear
for
hours
and
return
just
before
dinner
.
•
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
During
the
trek
,
one
of
the
hikers
suddenly
disappears
from
view
.
Same
historical
origin
as
primary
sense
.
tired
adjective
-
tired
,
tireder
,
tiredest
feeling
that
you
need
rest
because
you
have
used
a
lot
of
energy
•
After
running
the
marathon
,
Maria
felt
tired
but
happy
.
After
running
the
marathon
,
Maria
felt
tired
but
happy
.
•
The
little
boy
rubbed
his
eyes
,
looking
tired
after
a
long
day
at
the
zoo
.
The
little
boy
rubbed
his
eyes
,
looking
tired
after
a
long
day
at
the
zoo
.
adjective
-
tired
,
tireder
,
tiredest
bored
or
annoyed
because
something
has
been
repeated
too
often
•
People
are
getting
tired
of
endless
advertisements
on
videos
.
People
are
getting
tired
of
endless
advertisements
on
videos
.
•
She
was
tired
of
hearing
the
same
excuse
every
day
.
She
was
tired
of
hearing
the
same
excuse
every
day
.
verb
-
tire
,
tiring
,
tires
,
tired
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
tire
”
•
The
long
speech
tired
the
audience
.
The
long
speech
tired
the
audience
.
•
Yesterday's
hike
tired
us
more
than
we
expected
.
Yesterday's
hike
tired
us
more
than
we
expected
.
adjective
-
tired
,
tireder
,
tiredest
old
,
worn
,
or
in
poor
condition
because
of
long
use
•
His
tired
shoes
had
holes
in
the
soles
.
His
tired
shoes
had
holes
in
the
soles
.
•
The
couch
looked
tired
after
years
of
family
movie
nights
.
The
couch
looked
tired
after
years
of
family
movie
nights
.
honor
verb
to
show
great
respect
or
recognition
to
someone
or
something
•
The
city
will
honor
the
firefighters
with
a
parade
.
The
city
will
honor
the
firefighters
with
a
parade
.
•
We
gathered
to
honor
our
teacher
on
her
retirement
.
We
gathered
to
honor
our
teacher
on
her
retirement
.
from
noun
sense
of
‘
honor
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
14th
century
honour
verb
to
show
great
respect
or
public
recognition
to
someone
or
something
•
The
queen
will
honour
the
athletes
at
the
palace
.
The
queen
will
honour
the
athletes
at
the
palace
.
•
They
planted
a
tree
to
honour
their
late
friend
.
They
planted
a
tree
to
honour
their
late
friend
.
verb
use
traced
to
late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
French
‘
honorer
’
sugar
verb
-
sugar
,
sugaring
,
sugars
,
sugared
To
add
sugar
to
food
or
drink
in
order
to
make
it
sweet
.
•
She
sugared
her
tea
before
tasting
it
.
She
sugared
her
tea
before
tasting
it
.
•
Grandma
always
sugars
the
strawberries
to
make
a
syrup
.
Grandma
always
sugars
the
strawberries
to
make
a
syrup
.
flower
verb
To
produce
flowers
;
to
bloom
.
•
The
cherry
trees
flower
every
spring
.
The
cherry
trees
flower
every
spring
.
•
When
the
cactus
flowers
,
its
petals
last
only
one
night
.
When
the
cactus
flowers
,
its
petals
last
only
one
night
.
From
noun
‘
flower
’,
used
as
a
verb
since
14th
century
.
verb
(
figurative
)
To
develop
fully
or
become
successful
and
beautiful
.
•
Her
talent
really
began
to
flower
after
art
school
.
Her
talent
really
began
to
flower
after
art
school
.
•
The
small
town
flowered
into
a
bustling
city
after
the
railway
arrived
.
The
small
town
flowered
into
a
bustling
city
after
the
railway
arrived
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
sense
‘
to
bloom
’.
gender
verb
-
gender
,
gendering
,
genders
,
gendered
to
classify
or
describe
something
or
someone
as
male
,
female
,
or
another
gender
•
Marketers
often
gender
products
like
razors
and
pens
.
Marketers
often
gender
products
like
razors
and
pens
.
•
It
is
unhelpful
to
gender
hobbies
as
only
for
boys
or
only
for
girls
.
It
is
unhelpful
to
gender
hobbies
as
only
for
boys
or
only
for
girls
.
From
the
noun
“
gender
”;
the
verb
form
began
to
appear
in
the
20th
century
as
sociologists
discussed
how
society
labels
things
as
male
or
female
.
declare
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
to
say
something
in
a
clear
,
firm
,
and
official
way
so
that
everyone
knows
it
is
true
or
decided
•
The
mayor
declared
the
new
bridge
open
during
the
ceremony
.
The
mayor
declared
the
new
bridge
open
during
the
ceremony
.
•
After
a
long
count
,
officials
declared
her
the
winner
of
the
election
.
After
a
long
count
,
officials
declared
her
the
winner
of
the
election
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
declarare
’
meaning
‘
to
make
clear
’.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
to
officially
tell
a
government
or
authority
about
money
,
goods
,
or
information
,
usually
for
tax
or
legal
reasons
•
Travelers
must
declare
any
food
they
bring
into
the
country
.
Travelers
must
declare
any
food
they
bring
into
the
country
.
•
You
have
to
declare
your
earnings
on
this
tax
form
.
You
have
to
declare
your
earnings
on
this
tax
form
.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
in
computing
,
to
introduce
a
variable
,
function
,
or
other
element
by
stating
its
name
and
sometimes
its
type
so
that
the
program
knows
it
exists
•
In
the
code
,
we
first
declare
a
counter
variable
.
In
the
code
,
we
first
declare
a
counter
variable
.
•
If
you
forget
to
declare
the
function
,
the
program
will
not
compile
.
If
you
forget
to
declare
the
function
,
the
program
will
not
compile
.
verb
-
declare
,
declaring
,
declares
,
declared
in
cricket
,
for
the
captain
of
the
batting
team
to
end
his
or
her
team
’
s
innings
before
all
players
are
out
•
England
’
s
captain
declared
at
450
runs
to
give
the
bowlers
enough
time
.
England
’
s
captain
declared
at
450
runs
to
give
the
bowlers
enough
time
.
•
The
team
declared
early
,
confident
they
could
bowl
out
the
opposition
.
The
team
declared
early
,
confident
they
could
bowl
out
the
opposition
.
bother
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
annoy
,
disturb
,
or
upset
someone
•
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
•
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
Early
18th
century
,
origin
uncertain
;
perhaps
related
to
Irish
‘
bodhar
’
meaning
‘
deaf
,
dull
’.
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
make
the
effort
to
do
something
,
especially
when
it
seems
unnecessary
•
She
didn't
bother
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
leaving
.
She
didn't
bother
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
leaving
.
•
Why
bother
fixing
it
if
it's
cheaper
to
buy
a
new
one
?
Why
bother
fixing
it
if
it's
cheaper
to
buy
a
new
one
?
pleasure
verb
-
pleasure
,
pleasuring
,
pleasures
,
pleasured
to
make
someone
feel
happy
or
satisfied
•
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
It
pleasures
me
to
announce
the
winners
of
the
contest
.
•
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
The
host
hoped
the
meal
would
pleasure
her
guests
.
mirror
verb
to
reflect
an
image
of
something
so
that
it
looks
the
same
as
the
original
•
The
calm
lake
mirrored
the
snow-capped
peaks
.
The
calm
lake
mirrored
the
snow-capped
peaks
.
•
Her
sad
eyes
mirrored
the
gloomy
weather
.
Her
sad
eyes
mirrored
the
gloomy
weather
.
verb
to
make
an
exact
copy
of
data
,
a
disk
,
or
a
website
on
another
device
or
location
•
The
IT
team
mirrored
the
server
overnight
to
prevent
data
loss
.
The
IT
team
mirrored
the
server
overnight
to
prevent
data
loss
.
•
You
can
mirror
your
phone
screen
onto
the
TV
.
You
can
mirror
your
phone
screen
onto
the
TV
.
inspire
verb
-
inspire
,
inspiring
,
inspires
,
inspired
to
make
someone
feel
enthusiastic
,
confident
,
or
eager
to
do
or
create
something
•
Her
coach
’
s
words
inspired
her
to
train
harder
every
day
.
Her
coach
’
s
words
inspired
her
to
train
harder
every
day
.
•
The
dramatic
rescue
story
inspired
the
crowd
,
who
cheered
loudly
.
The
dramatic
rescue
story
inspired
the
crowd
,
who
cheered
loudly
.
From
Latin
inspirare
‘
breathe
or
blow
into
’,
later
‘
impart
a
truth
or
idea
to
someone
’.
verb
-
inspire
,
inspiring
,
inspires
,
inspired
to
be
the
source
or
cause
of
an
idea
,
work
of
art
,
action
,
etc
.
•
The
sunset
over
the
mountains
inspired
her
latest
painting
.
The
sunset
over
the
mountains
inspired
her
latest
painting
.
•
A
childhood
memory
inspired
the
author
’
s
bestselling
novel
.
A
childhood
memory
inspired
the
author
’
s
bestselling
novel
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
,
emphasizing
the
shift
from
‘
breathe
into
’
to
‘
give
an
idea
to
’.
verb
-
inspire
,
inspiring
,
inspires
,
inspired
to
breathe
in
air
;
inhale
(
technical
or
formal
)
•
Paramedics
told
him
to
inspire
deeply
and
count
to
five
.
Paramedics
told
him
to
inspire
deeply
and
count
to
five
.
•
During
meditation
,
she
slowly
inspired
through
her
nose
.
During
meditation
,
she
slowly
inspired
through
her
nose
.
From
Latin
inspirare
meaning
‘
breathe
into
’;
preserved
in
medical
terminology
.
pour
verb
to
make
a
liquid
flow
,
or
to
flow
,
in
a
steady
stream
from
one
place
to
another
,
especially
out
of
a
container
•
Carefully
,
Leo
poured
the
hot
soup
into
the
bowl
.
Carefully
,
Leo
poured
the
hot
soup
into
the
bowl
.
•
Please
pour
me
a
glass
of
water
.
Please
pour
me
a
glass
of
water
.
Middle
English
"
pouren
",
of
uncertain
origin
;
related
to
Old
French
"
pourer
"
meaning
"
to
sift
,
strain
".
verb
(
of
rain
)
to
fall
very
heavily
for
a
period
of
time
•
It
was
pouring
when
we
left
the
movie
theater
.
It
was
pouring
when
we
left
the
movie
theater
.
•
Don
’
t
forget
your
raincoat
;
it
might
pour
later
.
Don
’
t
forget
your
raincoat
;
it
might
pour
later
.
verb
to
move
quickly
and
in
large
numbers
in
a
continuous
stream
•
Fans
poured
into
the
stadium
two
hours
before
kickoff
.
Fans
poured
into
the
stadium
two
hours
before
kickoff
.
•
Letters
of
support
poured
in
after
the
charity
event
.
Letters
of
support
poured
in
after
the
charity
event
.
acquire
verb
-
acquire
,
acquiring
,
acquires
,
acquired
to
get
or
gain
something
,
especially
by
buying
it
or
working
for
it
•
After
years
of
saving
,
she
finally
acquired
her
own
apartment
.
After
years
of
saving
,
she
finally
acquired
her
own
apartment
.
•
The
museum
acquired
a
rare
painting
dating
back
to
the
18th
century
.
The
museum
acquired
a
rare
painting
dating
back
to
the
18th
century
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
'acquirere'
meaning
‘
to
get
in
addition
’.
verb
-
acquire
,
acquiring
,
acquires
,
acquired
to
gradually
develop
or
learn
a
skill
,
habit
,
or
quality
•
Children
acquire
language
quickly
during
their
early
years
.
Children
acquire
language
quickly
during
their
early
years
.
•
He
acquired
a
taste
for
spicy
food
while
living
abroad
.
He
acquired
a
taste
for
spicy
food
while
living
abroad
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
‘
get
,
obtain
’
to
mean
‘
come
to
possess
mentally
’.
verb
-
acquire
,
acquiring
,
acquires
,
acquired
for
a
company
or
organization
to
buy
another
company
or
asset
•
The
tech
giant
acquired
a
startup
to
expand
its
AI
division
.
The
tech
giant
acquired
a
startup
to
expand
its
AI
division
.
•
Our
firm
plans
to
acquire
smaller
competitors
next
year
.
Our
firm
plans
to
acquire
smaller
competitors
next
year
.
Applied
in
business
jargon
from
the
general
meaning
of
‘
obtain
by
effort
or
purchase
’.
scared
adjective
feeling
frightened
or
worried
•
The
little
kitten
looked
scared
during
the
thunderstorm
.
The
little
kitten
looked
scared
during
the
thunderstorm
.
•
He
felt
scared
before
his
first
day
at
the
new
school
.
He
felt
scared
before
his
first
day
at
the
new
school
.
verb
-
scare
,
scaring
,
scares
,
scared
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
scare
•
The
sudden
crash
scared
everyone
in
the
room
.
The
sudden
crash
scared
everyone
in
the
room
.
•
The
horror
movie
scared
her
so
much
she
kept
the
lights
on
all
night
.
The
horror
movie
scared
her
so
much
she
kept
the
lights
on
all
night
.
lower
verb
to
move
something
down
or
make
its
level
,
amount
,
or
value
smaller
•
The
worker
slowly
lowered
the
heavy
box
onto
the
floor
.
The
worker
slowly
lowered
the
heavy
box
onto
the
floor
.
•
Please
lower
the
volume
;
the
baby
is
sleeping
.
Please
lower
the
volume
;
the
baby
is
sleeping
.
From
Middle
English
loueren
,
from
Old
Norse
lægri
meaning
“
less
,
not
as
high
.”
verb
to
move
downward
or
sink
to
a
lower
level
•
The
drawbridge
slowly
lowered
over
the
river
.
The
drawbridge
slowly
lowered
over
the
river
.
•
As
evening
approached
,
the
sun
lowered
behind
the
mountains
.
As
evening
approached
,
the
sun
lowered
behind
the
mountains
.
Same
origin
as
the
transitive
verb
sense
,
with
intransitive
use
appearing
in
the
16th
century
.
disorder
verb
-
disorder
,
disordering
,
disorders
,
disordered
to
make
something
untidy
or
confused
;
to
disturb
the
order
of
something
•
The
earthquake
disordered
the
neatly
stacked
shelves
in
seconds
.
The
earthquake
disordered
the
neatly
stacked
shelves
in
seconds
.
•
Loud
music
can
disorder
your
concentration
while
you
study
.
Loud
music
can
disorder
your
concentration
while
you
study
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
late
1500s
meaning
‘
throw
out
of
order
’.
layer
verb
to
arrange
or
place
something
in
levels
,
sheets
,
or
coatings
on
top
of
each
other
•
Layer
the
sliced
potatoes
and
cheese
in
the
dish
before
baking
.
Layer
the
sliced
potatoes
and
cheese
in
the
dish
before
baking
.
•
She
layered
different
fonts
and
images
to
create
a
striking
poster
.
She
layered
different
fonts
and
images
to
create
a
striking
poster
.
From
the
noun
‘
layer
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
meaning
‘
to
place
in
layers
’.
verb
(
of
a
hen
)
to
produce
eggs
•
The
older
hens
no
longer
layer
regularly
during
the
colder
months
.
The
older
hens
no
longer
layer
regularly
during
the
colder
months
.
•
If
a
hen
stops
layering
,
farmers
often
adjust
her
diet
to
stimulate
egg
production
.
If
a
hen
stops
layering
,
farmers
often
adjust
her
diet
to
stimulate
egg
production
.
Derived
from
sense
‘
layer
’ (
noun
,
egg-laying
hen
);
verb
use
recorded
from
early
20th
century
farm
manuals
.
engineering
verb
present
participle
of
engineer
:
actively
designing
,
creating
,
or
arranging
something
with
technical
or
careful
planning
•
The
team
is
engineering
a
new
smartphone
battery
that
lasts
twice
as
long
.
The
team
is
engineering
a
new
smartphone
battery
that
lasts
twice
as
long
.
•
Scientists
are
engineering
crops
to
withstand
drought
.
Scientists
are
engineering
crops
to
withstand
drought
.
transfer
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
a
person
or
physical
object
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
museum
will
transfer
the
ancient
vase
to
a
climate-controlled
room
tomorrow
.
The
museum
will
transfer
the
ancient
vase
to
a
climate-controlled
room
tomorrow
.
•
Please
transfer
the
boxes
from
the
truck
to
the
warehouse
before
it
rains
.
Please
transfer
the
boxes
from
the
truck
to
the
warehouse
before
it
rains
.
from
Latin
‘
transferre
’
meaning
‘
to
carry
across
’ (
trans
‘
across
’
+
ferre
‘
to
carry
’)
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
money
,
files
,
or
data
electronically
from
one
account
or
device
to
another
•
I
just
transfered
Wait
correct
:
I
just
transferred
the
photos
from
my
phone
to
my
laptop
.
I
just
transfered
Wait
correct
:
I
just
transferred
the
photos
from
my
phone
to
my
laptop
.
•
You
can
transfer
funds
to
another
bank
account
using
the
app
.
You
can
transfer
funds
to
another
bank
account
using
the
app
.
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
change
from
one
vehicle
,
route
,
or
form
of
transport
to
another
during
a
journey
•
We
have
to
transfer
at
Central
Station
to
catch
the
express
train
.
We
have
to
transfer
at
Central
Station
to
catch
the
express
train
.
•
Passengers
should
transfer
to
the
green
line
at
the
next
stop
.
Passengers
should
transfer
to
the
green
line
at
the
next
stop
.
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
to
a
different
job
,
school
,
team
,
or
department
within
an
organization
•
My
sister
hopes
to
transfer
to
the
company
’
s
Paris
office
next
year
.
My
sister
hopes
to
transfer
to
the
company
’
s
Paris
office
next
year
.
•
After
two
semesters
,
he
decided
to
transfer
to
a
university
closer
to
home
.
After
two
semesters
,
he
decided
to
transfer
to
a
university
closer
to
home
.
engineer
verb
-
engineer
,
engineering
,
engineers
,
engineered
to
design
or
build
something
using
scientific
and
technical
knowledge
.
•
The
company
will
engineer
a
new
bridge
to
withstand
earthquakes
.
The
company
will
engineer
a
new
bridge
to
withstand
earthquakes
.
•
Scientists
engineered
bacteria
to
produce
clean
biofuel
.
Scientists
engineered
bacteria
to
produce
clean
biofuel
.
verb
-
engineer
,
engineering
,
engineers
,
engineered
to
cleverly
arrange
or
control
an
event
or
situation
so
that
it
happens
the
way
you
want
,
often
secretly
.
•
She
engineered
a
meeting
between
the
two
rivals
to
encourage
cooperation
.
She
engineered
a
meeting
between
the
two
rivals
to
encourage
cooperation
.
•
The
politician
engineered
his
own
rise
to
power
through
careful
alliances
.
The
politician
engineered
his
own
rise
to
power
through
careful
alliances
.
recover
verb
-
recover
,
recovering
,
recovers
,
recovered
to
become
healthy
,
strong
,
or
happy
again
after
being
ill
,
hurt
,
or
upset
•
After
the
surgery
,
Maria
took
several
weeks
to
recover
.
After
the
surgery
,
Maria
took
several
weeks
to
recover
.
•
Grandpa
is
slowly
recovering
from
his
knee
injury
and
can
walk
without
crutches
now
.
Grandpa
is
slowly
recovering
from
his
knee
injury
and
can
walk
without
crutches
now
.
verb
-
recover
,
recovering
,
recovers
,
recovered
to
get
back
something
that
was
lost
,
stolen
,
or
taken
away
•
Police
recovered
the
stolen
bicycle
two
streets
away
.
Police
recovered
the
stolen
bicycle
two
streets
away
.
•
He
dived
into
the
pool
to
recover
his
friend
’
s
sinking
phone
.
He
dived
into
the
pool
to
recover
his
friend
’
s
sinking
phone
.
verb
-
recover
,
recovering
,
recovers
,
recovered
to
return
to
a
normal
or
better
state
after
a
decline
or
shock
•
The
stock
market
recovered
after
the
positive
earnings
report
.
The
stock
market
recovered
after
the
positive
earnings
report
.
•
Tourist
numbers
are
recovering
now
that
travel
restrictions
have
lifted
.
Tourist
numbers
are
recovering
now
that
travel
restrictions
have
lifted
.
verb
-
recover
,
recovering
,
recovers
,
recovered
to
retrieve
or
restore
data
,
information
,
or
an
account
that
seemed
lost
•
The
technician
used
special
software
to
recover
the
lost
photos
.
The
technician
used
special
software
to
recover
the
lost
photos
.
•
I
managed
to
recover
my
password
using
the
reset
link
.
I
managed
to
recover
my
password
using
the
reset
link
.
verb
-
recover
,
recovering
,
recovers
,
recovered
to
put
a
new
covering
of
cloth
,
leather
,
etc
.,
on
furniture
•
We
decided
to
recover
the
old
sofa
with
bright
blue
fabric
.
We
decided
to
recover
the
old
sofa
with
bright
blue
fabric
.
•
The
dining
chairs
were
torn
,
so
a
craftsman
recovered
them
in
velvet
.
The
dining
chairs
were
torn
,
so
a
craftsman
recovered
them
in
velvet
.
stir
verb
-
stir
,
stirring
,
stirs
,
stirred
to
mix
food
or
liquid
by
moving
a
spoon
or
other
tool
round
and
round
in
it
•
Please
stir
the
sauce
so
it
doesn
’
t
stick
to
the
bottom
.
Please
stir
the
sauce
so
it
doesn
’
t
stick
to
the
bottom
.
•
The
recipe
says
to
stir
the
batter
until
it
’
s
smooth
.
The
recipe
says
to
stir
the
batter
until
it
’
s
smooth
.
Old
English
styrian
“
to
move
,
stir
,
disturb
,”
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
German
stören
“
disturb
.”
verb
-
stir
,
stirring
,
stirs
,
stirred
to
move
slightly
or
begin
to
move
after
being
still
•
Not
a
leaf
stirred
in
the
calm
afternoon
air
.
Not
a
leaf
stirred
in
the
calm
afternoon
air
.
•
The
baby
stirred
slightly
and
then
fell
back
to
sleep
.
The
baby
stirred
slightly
and
then
fell
back
to
sleep
.
verb
-
stir
,
stirring
,
stirs
,
stirred
to
cause
a
strong
feeling
or
reaction
in
someone
•
The
hero
’
s
speech
stirred
the
crowd
to
action
.
The
hero
’
s
speech
stirred
the
crowd
to
action
.
•
The
movie
’
s
ending
stirs
deep
emotions
in
many
viewers
.
The
movie
’
s
ending
stirs
deep
emotions
in
many
viewers
.
pepper
verb
To
put
pepper
on
or
into
food
to
add
flavour
.
•
He
peppered
his
steak
before
putting
it
on
the
grill
.
He
peppered
his
steak
before
putting
it
on
the
grill
.
•
Taste
the
sauce
and
pepper
it
if
necessary
.
Taste
the
sauce
and
pepper
it
if
necessary
.
verb
To
cover
or
fill
something
with
many
small
spots
,
marks
,
or
objects
,
or
to
bombard
someone
with
many
things
such
as
questions
.
•
Bullet
holes
peppered
the
old
sign
by
the
road
.
Bullet
holes
peppered
the
old
sign
by
the
road
.
•
Reporters
peppered
the
mayor
with
questions
after
the
meeting
.
Reporters
peppered
the
mayor
with
questions
after
the
meeting
.
square
noun
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
a
flat
shape
with
four
equal
sides
and
four
right
angles
•
The
children
drew
a
big
blue
square
on
the
sidewalk
with
chalk
.
The
children
drew
a
big
blue
square
on
the
sidewalk
with
chalk
.
•
Fold
the
paper
into
a
square
before
you
make
the
origami
crane
.
Fold
the
paper
into
a
square
before
you
make
the
origami
crane
.
From
Old
French
"
esquarre
"
meaning
a
tool
for
measuring
right
angles
,
later
extended
to
the
shape
.
noun
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
an
open
,
usually
paved
area
in
a
town
or
city
where
people
gather
,
often
surrounded
by
buildings
and
roads
•
The
band
played
in
the
town
square
during
the
summer
festival
.
The
band
played
in
the
town
square
during
the
summer
festival
.
•
We
met
at
Trafalgar
Square
before
visiting
the
art
gallery
.
We
met
at
Trafalgar
Square
before
visiting
the
art
gallery
.
Extension
of
the
geometric
sense
,
referring
to
a
space
whose
roughly
square
layout
was
common
in
medieval
towns
.
adjective
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
having
four
equal
sides
and
four
right
angles
,
or
shaped
like
a
square
•
They
sat
around
a
large
square
table
in
the
conference
room
.
They
sat
around
a
large
square
table
in
the
conference
room
.
•
The
gift
was
wrapped
in
a
tiny
square
box
tied
with
a
red
ribbon
.
The
gift
was
wrapped
in
a
tiny
square
box
tied
with
a
red
ribbon
.
Directly
from
the
noun
“
square
”,
used
as
an
adjective
by
the
14th
century
.
adjective
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
(
informal
)
not
fashionable
or
modern
;
conventional
in
an
unexciting
way
•
He
felt
square
because
he
didn
’
t
know
any
of
the
new
slang
his
friends
used
.
He
felt
square
because
he
didn
’
t
know
any
of
the
new
slang
his
friends
used
.
•
My
brother
thinks
jazz
records
are
square
,
but
I
love
them
.
My
brother
thinks
jazz
records
are
square
,
but
I
love
them
.
1920s
American
jazz
slang
,
likening
someone
rigid
or
conventional
to
the
regularity
of
a
geometric
square
.
verb
-
square
,
squaring
,
squares
,
squared
,
squarer
,
squarest
to
make
something
even
,
level
,
or
settled
,
especially
to
pay
a
debt
or
make
accounts
correct
•
I
need
to
square
the
bill
with
the
restaurant
before
we
leave
.
I
need
to
square
the
bill
with
the
restaurant
before
we
leave
.
•
The
carpenter
checked
the
frame
and
then
squared
the
corners
with
a
metal
tool
.
The
carpenter
checked
the
frame
and
then
squared
the
corners
with
a
metal
tool
.
From
the
idea
of
bringing
lines
to
a
right
angle
,
extended
in
15th
century
to
balancing
accounts
.
monitor
verb
to
watch
,
check
,
or
keep
track
of
something
carefully
over
a
period
of
time
•
Engineers
monitor
the
bridge
around
the
clock
for
any
sign
of
movement
.
Engineers
monitor
the
bridge
around
the
clock
for
any
sign
of
movement
.
•
The
doctor
monitored
the
patient's
heart
rate
overnight
.
The
doctor
monitored
the
patient's
heart
rate
overnight
.
volunteer
verb
-
volunteer
,
volunteering
,
volunteers
,
volunteered
to
offer
to
do
something
or
give
information
without
being
asked
and
usually
without
payment
•
Maya
volunteered
to
organize
the
class
trip
.
Maya
volunteered
to
organize
the
class
trip
.
•
I
volunteer
at
the
food
bank
every
Friday
evening
.
I
volunteer
at
the
food
bank
every
Friday
evening
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
one
who
offers
freely
’.
incredible
adjective
extremely
good
,
exciting
,
or
impressive
•
The
view
from
the
mountain
peak
was
incredible
.
The
view
from
the
mountain
peak
was
incredible
.
•
Grandma
makes
an
incredible
apple
pie
every
Thanksgiving
.
Grandma
makes
an
incredible
apple
pie
every
Thanksgiving
.
From
Latin
"
incredibilis
"
meaning
"
extraordinary
,"
evolving
to
a
positive
sense
of
excellence
in
modern
English
.
adjective
so
unlikely
or
difficult
to
accept
that
it
cannot
be
believed
•
Mark
claimed
he
had
wrestled
a
shark
,
but
everyone
found
the
story
incredible
.
Mark
claimed
he
had
wrestled
a
shark
,
but
everyone
found
the
story
incredible
.
•
The
scientist
dismissed
the
rumor
of
life
on
the
sun
as
incredible
.
The
scientist
dismissed
the
rumor
of
life
on
the
sun
as
incredible
.
From
Latin
"
incredibilis
"
meaning
"
not
to
be
believed
,"
from
"
in-
" (
not
)
+
"
credibilis
" (
worthy
of
belief
).
secure
verb
-
secure
,
securing
,
secures
,
secured
to
fasten
or
tie
something
firmly
so
it
will
not
move
,
fall
,
or
be
taken
•
She
secured
the
rope
to
a
tree
before
climbing
down
.
She
secured
the
rope
to
a
tree
before
climbing
down
.
•
Please
secure
your
seat
belt
.
Please
secure
your
seat
belt
.
verb
-
secure
,
securing
,
secures
,
secured
to
protect
something
so
it
is
safe
from
danger
,
attack
,
or
loss
•
Soldiers
secured
the
area
before
civilians
arrived
.
Soldiers
secured
the
area
before
civilians
arrived
.
•
The
company
is
upgrading
software
to
secure
customer
data
.
The
company
is
upgrading
software
to
secure
customer
data
.
verb
-
secure
,
securing
,
secures
,
secured
to
get
or
achieve
something
,
especially
after
effort
•
She
finally
secured
a
scholarship
to
the
university
.
She
finally
secured
a
scholarship
to
the
university
.
•
The
team
secured
first
place
in
the
tournament
.
The
team
secured
first
place
in
the
tournament
.
retire
verb
-
retire
,
retiring
,
retires
,
retired
to
stop
working
permanently
,
usually
because
of
age
or
after
a
long
period
of
service
•
After
forty
years
at
the
factory
,
Mr
.
Lopez
decided
to
retire
and
spend
more
time
with
his
grandchildren
.
After
forty
years
at
the
factory
,
Mr
.
Lopez
decided
to
retire
and
spend
more
time
with
his
grandchildren
.
•
Many
people
dream
of
retiring
early
and
traveling
the
world
.
Many
people
dream
of
retiring
early
and
traveling
the
world
.
verb
-
retire
,
retiring
,
retires
,
retired
(
old-fashioned
)
to
go
to
bed
or
leave
a
social
setting
for
the
night
•
Feeling
exhausted
,
the
prince
politely
excused
himself
to
retire
for
the
night
.
Feeling
exhausted
,
the
prince
politely
excused
himself
to
retire
for
the
night
.
•
At
ten
o
’
clock
,
Grandma
retired
to
her
room
with
a
cup
of
tea
.
At
ten
o
’
clock
,
Grandma
retired
to
her
room
with
a
cup
of
tea
.
verb
-
retire
,
retiring
,
retires
,
retired
to
remove
something
from
active
use
or
service
,
or
to
pay
off
a
debt
completely
•
The
company
decided
to
retire
its
old
logo
and
launch
a
fresh
design
.
The
company
decided
to
retire
its
old
logo
and
launch
a
fresh
design
.
•
They
managed
to
retire
their
mortgage
ten
years
early
.
They
managed
to
retire
their
mortgage
ten
years
early
.
verb
-
retire
,
retiring
,
retires
,
retired
(
sports
)
to
dismiss
a
batter
,
player
,
or
side
so
they
are
out
of
play
•
The
pitcher
retired
the
side
in
order
in
the
ninth
inning
.
The
pitcher
retired
the
side
in
order
in
the
ninth
inning
.
•
With
a
quick
throw
to
first
,
she
retired
the
runner
.
With
a
quick
throw
to
first
,
she
retired
the
runner
.
anger
verb
to
make
someone
feel
angry
•
The
referee's
bad
call
angered
the
fans
.
The
referee's
bad
call
angered
the
fans
.
•
Don't
do
anything
that
might
anger
the
dog
.
Don't
do
anything
that
might
anger
the
dog
.
peer
verb
-
peer
,
peering
,
peers
,
peered
to
look
closely
or
with
difficulty
at
something
,
usually
because
it
is
hard
to
see
clearly
•
She
peered
through
the
keyhole
to
see
who
was
inside
.
She
peered
through
the
keyhole
to
see
who
was
inside
.
•
The
driver
peered
into
the
thick
fog
,
searching
for
the
road
signs
.
The
driver
peered
into
the
thick
fog
,
searching
for
the
road
signs
.
From
Middle
English
peren
,
of
uncertain
origin
,
perhaps
related
to
appear
.
favor
verb
to
show
preference
or
give
an
advantage
to
one
person
or
thing
over
another
•
The
teacher
usually
favors
group
projects
over
tests
.
The
teacher
usually
favors
group
projects
over
tests
.
•
Many
investors
favor
low-risk
bonds
during
uncertain
times
.
Many
investors
favor
low-risk
bonds
during
uncertain
times
.
verb
to
look
like
or
have
a
resemblance
to
someone
,
especially
in
the
face
•
The
baby
favors
his
grandfather
with
those
bright
blue
eyes
.
The
baby
favors
his
grandfather
with
those
bright
blue
eyes
.
•
She
really
favored
her
mother
when
she
was
younger
.
She
really
favored
her
mother
when
she
was
younger
.
favour
verb
to
show
preference
or
give
an
advantage
to
one
person
or
thing
over
another
•
The
manager
tends
to
favour
experience
over
qualifications
.
The
manager
tends
to
favour
experience
over
qualifications
.
•
Voters
increasingly
favour
greener
transport
options
.
Voters
increasingly
favour
greener
transport
options
.
verb
to
look
like
or
have
a
resemblance
to
someone
,
especially
in
the
face
•
The
little
girl
favours
her
father
,
with
the
same
dimples
.
The
little
girl
favours
her
father
,
with
the
same
dimples
.
•
As
he
aged
,
he
favoured
his
uncle
more
and
more
.
As
he
aged
,
he
favoured
his
uncle
more
and
more
.
tower
verb
to
rise
very
high
above
the
things
around
it
•
Snow-capped
mountains
tower
over
the
quiet
lakeside
village
.
Snow-capped
mountains
tower
over
the
quiet
lakeside
village
.
•
Glass
skyscrapers
tower
above
the
busy
downtown
streets
.
Glass
skyscrapers
tower
above
the
busy
downtown
streets
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
sense
:
something
that
acts
like
a
tower
by
standing
high
.
twitter
verb
When
a
bird
makes
many
short
,
high
sounds
again
and
again
.
•
At
sunrise
,
the
sparrows
began
to
twitter
in
the
garden
.
At
sunrise
,
the
sparrows
began
to
twitter
in
the
garden
.
•
A
tiny
wren
twittered
happily
from
the
fence
post
.
A
tiny
wren
twittered
happily
from
the
fence
post
.
Old
English
‘
twi-teren
’
or
‘
twiteren
’,
imitative
of
a
small
bird
’
s
repeated
high
notes
.
verb
To
speak
quickly
and
lightly
in
a
high
voice
,
often
about
unimportant
things
.
•
The
excited
girls
twittered
about
the
surprise
party
in
the
hallway
.
The
excited
girls
twittered
about
the
surprise
party
in
the
hallway
.
•
He
twittered
nervously
,
trying
to
impress
the
panel
.
He
twittered
nervously
,
trying
to
impress
the
panel
.
motor
verb
-
motor
,
motoring
,
motors
,
motored
to
travel
in
a
motor
vehicle
or
to
move
somewhere
quickly
•
We
motored
down
the
coast
road
enjoying
the
sea
breeze
.
We
motored
down
the
coast
road
enjoying
the
sea
breeze
.
•
They
plan
to
motor
across
Europe
during
the
summer
holidays
.
They
plan
to
motor
across
Europe
during
the
summer
holidays
.
Early
20th-century
extension
of
the
noun
“
motor
”,
first
in
the
sense
“
to
travel
by
motorcar
”,
later
generalized
to
any
fast
movement
.
whisper
verb
to
speak
in
a
very
quiet
voice
so
that
only
someone
close
can
hear
you
•
Please
whisper
during
the
movie
so
you
don
’
t
disturb
others
.
Please
whisper
during
the
movie
so
you
don
’
t
disturb
others
.
•
She
leaned
over
and
whispered
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
She
leaned
over
and
whispered
the
answer
to
her
friend
.
Old
English
hwisprian
,
related
to
Old
Norse
hvísla
,
meaning
‘
to
hiss
softly
’.
verb
(
of
wind
,
leaves
,
water
,
etc
.)
to
make
a
soft
,
rustling
or
murmuring
sound
•
The
pine
trees
whispered
in
the
night
breeze
.
The
pine
trees
whispered
in
the
night
breeze
.
•
Waves
whispered
against
the
shore
.
Waves
whispered
against
the
shore
.
adventure
verb
-
adventure
,
adventuring
,
adventures
,
adventured
to
dare
to
go
somewhere
or
do
something
that
involves
risk
•
"
Shall
we
adventure
into
the
old
castle
?"
asked
the
curious
boy
.
"
Shall
we
adventure
into
the
old
castle
?"
asked
the
curious
boy
.
•
She
loved
to
adventure
beyond
the
marked
trails
whenever
she
hiked
.
She
loved
to
adventure
beyond
the
marked
trails
whenever
she
hiked
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
,
attested
from
Middle
English
in
the
sense
“
to
chance
one
’
s
luck
.”
silver
verb
-
silver
,
silvering
,
silvers
,
silvered
to
cover
,
coat
,
or
polish
something
with
silver
or
a
silver-colored
substance
so
that
it
becomes
shiny
•
The
artisan
carefully
silvered
the
mirror
to
restore
its
shine
.
The
artisan
carefully
silvered
the
mirror
to
restore
its
shine
.
•
They
plan
to
silver
the
trophy
to
match
the
new
design
.
They
plan
to
silver
the
trophy
to
match
the
new
design
.
restore
verb
-
restore
,
restoring
,
restores
,
restored
to
repair
or
clean
something
so
that
it
looks
or
works
like
it
did
when
it
was
new
•
A
team
of
experts
carefully
restore
the
ancient
mural
,
revealing
its
bright
original
colors
.
A
team
of
experts
carefully
restore
the
ancient
mural
,
revealing
its
bright
original
colors
.
•
The
mechanic
promised
to
restore
the
vintage
motorcycle
to
working
order
by
summer
.
The
mechanic
promised
to
restore
the
vintage
motorcycle
to
working
order
by
summer
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
“
restaurare
”
meaning
“
to
rebuild
or
renew
.”
verb
-
restore
,
restoring
,
restores
,
restored
to
make
a
situation
,
feeling
,
or
system
exist
again
after
it
disappeared
or
was
lost
•
Extra
police
were
deployed
to
restore
order
after
the
protest
turned
chaotic
.
Extra
police
were
deployed
to
restore
order
after
the
protest
turned
chaotic
.
•
The
apology
helped
restore
trust
between
the
two
longtime
friends
.
The
apology
helped
restore
trust
between
the
two
longtime
friends
.
verb
-
restore
,
restoring
,
restores
,
restored
to
give
something
back
to
the
person
,
place
,
or
condition
it
rightfully
belongs
to
•
The
museum
agreed
to
restore
the
stolen
sculpture
to
its
original
owners
.
The
museum
agreed
to
restore
the
stolen
sculpture
to
its
original
owners
.
•
The
new
policy
will
restore
land
to
the
indigenous
community
.
The
new
policy
will
restore
land
to
the
indigenous
community
.
butter
verb
to
spread
butter
on
food
or
to
coat
something
with
butter
•
She
carefully
buttered
each
slice
of
warm
bread
for
the
picnic
.
She
carefully
buttered
each
slice
of
warm
bread
for
the
picnic
.
•
The
chef
buttered
the
sizzling
steak
to
give
it
a
rich
flavor
.
The
chef
buttered
the
sizzling
steak
to
give
it
a
rich
flavor
.
Verb
sense
comes
from
the
noun
,
first
recorded
in
late
Middle
English
.
wire
verb
-
wire
,
wiring
,
wires
,
wired
to
send
money
or
a
message
electronically
•
She
wired
$500
to
her
sister
overseas
.
She
wired
$500
to
her
sister
overseas
.
•
The
company
will
wire
your
salary
directly
into
your
account
.
The
company
will
wire
your
salary
directly
into
your
account
.
verb
-
wire
,
wiring
,
wires
,
wired
to
install
electrical
wiring
in
a
building
,
machine
,
or
device
•
They
wired
the
new
house
before
the
walls
were
closed
.
They
wired
the
new
house
before
the
walls
were
closed
.
•
I
’
m
learning
how
to
wire
a
circuit
board
for
my
robotics
project
.
I
’
m
learning
how
to
wire
a
circuit
board
for
my
robotics
project
.
verb
-
wire
,
wiring
,
wires
,
wired
to
fasten
or
secure
something
using
wire
•
He
wired
the
roses
to
a
sturdy
stake
so
they
would
grow
upright
.
He
wired
the
roses
to
a
sturdy
stake
so
they
would
grow
upright
.
•
The
butcher
wired
the
turkey
’
s
legs
together
before
roasting
.
The
butcher
wired
the
turkey
’
s
legs
together
before
roasting
.
founder
verb
(
of
a
ship
or
boat
)
to
fill
with
water
and
sink
•
The
old
fishing
boat
began
to
founder
in
the
rough
sea
.
The
old
fishing
boat
began
to
founder
in
the
rough
sea
.
•
Without
warning
,
the
yacht
foundered
a
mile
from
shore
.
Without
warning
,
the
yacht
foundered
a
mile
from
shore
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
French
fondrer
‘
submerge
,
sink
’,
from
fond
‘
bottom
’.
verb
to
fail
completely
or
break
down
after
a
promising
start
•
Their
grand
project
foundered
when
funding
dried
up
.
Their
grand
project
foundered
when
funding
dried
up
.
•
Peace
talks
will
founder
unless
both
sides
compromise
.
Peace
talks
will
founder
unless
both
sides
compromise
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
nautical
sense
‘
sink
’
to
the
idea
of
plans
or
efforts
collapsing
.
gear
noun
a
toothed
wheel
or
set
of
toothed
parts
in
a
machine
that
fit
together
and
pass
movement
or
power
from
one
part
to
another
•
When
the
clock
struck
noon
,
you
could
see
the
tiny
gears
turning
behind
the
glass
face
.
When
the
clock
struck
noon
,
you
could
see
the
tiny
gears
turning
behind
the
glass
face
.
•
The
mechanic
showed
the
class
a
large
steel
gear
whose
teeth
had
worn
down
.
The
mechanic
showed
the
class
a
large
steel
gear
whose
teeth
had
worn
down
.
from
Old
Norse
gervi
“
equipment
,
apparatus
”,
later
narrowed
to
the
mechanical
sense
in
Middle
English
verb
-
gear
,
gearing
,
gears
,
geared
to
design
or
adjust
something
so
that
it
suits
a
particular
purpose
,
situation
,
or
group
•
The
new
math
course
is
geared
toward
beginners
.
The
new
math
course
is
geared
toward
beginners
.
•
They
geared
the
advertising
campaign
to
young
voters
.
They
geared
the
advertising
campaign
to
young
voters
.
extended
verb
use
from
noun
in
19th
century
,
originally
"
gear
up
"
in
rail
and
factory
contexts
then
shortened
assure
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
tell
someone
something
firmly
so
that
they
stop
worrying
and
feel
certain
about
it
•
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
I
assured
my
little
brother
that
there
were
no
monsters
under
the
bed
.
•
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
The
doctor
assured
the
patient
that
she
would
recover
quickly
.
from
Old
French
assurer
“
to
make
safe
,”
from
Latin
ad-
+
securus
“
secure
”.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
make
certain
that
something
will
happen
or
be
obtained
;
to
guarantee
•
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
Regular
maintenance
assures
the
machine
’
s
long
life
.
•
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
Early
booking
will
assure
you
a
seat
by
the
window
.
extended
sense
of
making
something
sure
,
first
recorded
in
16th-century
English
.
verb
-
assure
,
assuring
,
assures
,
assured
to
insure
someone
’
s
life
so
that
money
is
paid
out
on
their
death
•
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
They
assured
him
for
£250
,
000
before
his
expedition
.
•
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
Many
couples
assure
each
other
to
protect
their
families
.
specialised
financial
use
developed
in
18th-century
Britain
,
distinguishing
life
assurance
from
general
insurance
.
dare
verb
-
dare
,
daring
,
dares
,
dared
to
challenge
someone
to
do
something
risky
,
difficult
,
or
embarrassing
•
Tom
dares
his
brother
to
taste
the
extra-spicy
sauce
.
Tom
dares
his
brother
to
taste
the
extra-spicy
sauce
.
•
At
recess
,
the
children
dared
their
classmate
to
climb
the
tall
oak
tree
.
At
recess
,
the
children
dared
their
classmate
to
climb
the
tall
oak
tree
.
Old
English
durran
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
dürfen
‘
be
allowed
to
’.
verb
-
dare
,
daring
,
dares
,
dared
to
be
brave
enough
or
bold
enough
to
do
something
•
I
wouldn
’
t
dare
open
the
door
after
midnight
.
I
wouldn
’
t
dare
open
the
door
after
midnight
.
•
She
didn
’
t
dare
answer
the
teacher
back
.
She
didn
’
t
dare
answer
the
teacher
back
.
Old
English
durran
,
later
influenced
by
Old
Norse
‘
þora
’
meaning
‘
to
have
courage
’.
chamber
verb
-
chamber
,
chambering
,
chambers
,
chambered
to
load
a
bullet
or
cartridge
into
the
firing
space
of
a
gun
.
•
The
soldier
quickly
chambered
a
round
before
moving
forward
.
The
soldier
quickly
chambered
a
round
before
moving
forward
.
•
Always
keep
the
safety
on
until
you
are
ready
to
chamber
a
round
.
Always
keep
the
safety
on
until
you
are
ready
to
chamber
a
round
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
1870s
from
the
noun
referring
to
the
gun
’
s
firing
room
.
encounter
verb
to
meet
someone
or
something
unexpectedly
,
often
by
chance
•
While
hiking
in
the
mountains
,
we
suddenly
encountered
a
family
of
deer
.
While
hiking
in
the
mountains
,
we
suddenly
encountered
a
family
of
deer
.
•
Travelers
often
encounter
street
performers
in
the
city
square
.
Travelers
often
encounter
street
performers
in
the
city
square
.
From
Middle
English
‘
encountre
’,
from
Old
French
‘
encontre
’,
noun
use
of
‘
encontrer
’ (“
to
meet
,
confront
”),
based
on
Latin
‘
in-
’ (“
in
”)
+
‘
contra
’ (“
against
”).
verb
to
experience
or
face
something
difficult
,
dangerous
,
or
unexpected
•
Engineers
encountered
serious
technical
problems
during
the
test
.
Engineers
encountered
serious
technical
problems
during
the
test
.
•
You
may
encounter
delays
on
the
road
because
of
the
snowstorm
.
You
may
encounter
delays
on
the
road
because
of
the
snowstorm
.
ingredient
noun
a
food
or
other
substance
that
is
mixed
with
others
to
make
a
dish
,
drink
,
medicine
,
or
other
product
•
Flour
is
the
main
ingredient
in
bread
.
Flour
is
the
main
ingredient
in
bread
.
•
The
chef
chopped
garlic
,
his
favorite
ingredient
,
before
adding
it
to
the
sizzling
pan
.
The
chef
chopped
garlic
,
his
favorite
ingredient
,
before
adding
it
to
the
sizzling
pan
.
Late
Middle
English
from
medieval
Latin
ingredientia
,
from
Latin
ingredi
‘
enter
,
go
into
’ (
because
ingredients
‘
go
into
’
a
mixture
).
noun
a
necessary
part
,
quality
,
or
factor
that
contributes
to
a
result
or
situation
•
Hard
work
is
a
vital
ingredient
of
success
.
Hard
work
is
a
vital
ingredient
of
success
.
•
Trust
is
an
essential
ingredient
in
any
friendship
.
Trust
is
an
essential
ingredient
in
any
friendship
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
since
the
17th
century
,
transferring
the
idea
of
substances
in
cooking
to
abstract
qualities
.
register
verb
to
put
your
name
or
details
on
an
official
list
so
that
you
are
allowed
to
do
something
or
receive
something
•
I
registered
online
for
the
evening
language
class
.
I
registered
online
for
the
evening
language
class
.
•
You
must
register
your
new
car
within
thirty
days
.
You
must
register
your
new
car
within
thirty
days
.
From
Old
French
registrer
,
based
on
Latin
regerere
‘
to
record
’.
verb
(
of
a
measuring
instrument
)
to
show
or
record
a
particular
value
•
The
thermometer
registered
thirty
degrees
Celsius
at
noon
.
The
thermometer
registered
thirty
degrees
Celsius
at
noon
.
•
Seismic
sensors
registered
a
small
earthquake
during
the
night
.
Seismic
sensors
registered
a
small
earthquake
during
the
night
.
Sense
‘
show
a
reading
’
arose
in
the
early
19th
century
from
earlier
meanings
of
recording
.
verb
to
be
noticed
or
understood
in
someone
’
s
mind
•
His
words
didn
’
t
register
with
me
until
hours
later
.
His
words
didn
’
t
register
with
me
until
hours
later
.
•
It
took
a
second
for
the
warning
light
to
register
.
It
took
a
second
for
the
warning
light
to
register
.
Metaphorical
extension
from
‘
record
in
writing
’
to
‘
record
in
the
mind
’,
late
19th
century
.
shelter
verb
to
protect
or
give
refuge
to
someone
or
something
,
or
to
take
cover
oneself
•
Locals
opened
their
homes
and
sheltered
tourists
when
the
airport
closed
.
Locals
opened
their
homes
and
sheltered
tourists
when
the
airport
closed
.
•
During
the
thunderstorm
,
we
sheltered
under
a
stone
arch
.
During
the
thunderstorm
,
we
sheltered
under
a
stone
arch
.
alter
verb
to
change
something
,
or
to
become
different
,
usually
by
making
small
adjustments
•
Julia
decided
to
alter
her
travel
plans
after
hearing
about
the
storm
.
Julia
decided
to
alter
her
travel
plans
after
hearing
about
the
storm
.
•
The
engineers
had
to
alter
the
bridge
design
to
meet
new
safety
standards
.
The
engineers
had
to
alter
the
bridge
design
to
meet
new
safety
standards
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
alterer
",
from
late
Latin
"
alterare
",
from
Latin
"
alter
"
meaning
"
other
".
verb
to
adjust
a
piece
of
clothing
so
that
it
fits
better
•
The
seamstress
altered
my
dress
so
it
hugged
my
waist
perfectly
.
The
seamstress
altered
my
dress
so
it
hugged
my
waist
perfectly
.
•
He
needs
to
alter
his
suit
before
the
wedding
.
He
needs
to
alter
his
suit
before
the
wedding
.
verb
to
surgically
remove
an
animal's
reproductive
organs
so
it
cannot
breed
•
We
decided
to
alter
our
cat
to
prevent
unwanted
kittens
.
We
decided
to
alter
our
cat
to
prevent
unwanted
kittens
.
•
The
shelter
alters
every
dog
before
it
is
put
up
for
adoption
.
The
shelter
alters
every
dog
before
it
is
put
up
for
adoption
.
shower
verb
to
wash
yourself
under
a
spray
of
water
•
I
need
to
shower
before
the
guests
arrive
.
I
need
to
shower
before
the
guests
arrive
.
•
She
showers
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
She
showers
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
verb
to
give
someone
a
lot
of
things
or
praise
all
at
once
and
in
large
amount
•
The
fans
showered
the
team
with
cheers
and
confetti
.
The
fans
showered
the
team
with
cheers
and
confetti
.
•
Grandparents
love
to
shower
their
grandchildren
with
gifts
.
Grandparents
love
to
shower
their
grandchildren
with
gifts
.
scare
verb
-
scare
,
scaring
,
scares
,
scared
to
make
someone
feel
suddenly
afraid
,
or
to
become
suddenly
afraid
yourself
•
The
loud
thunder
scared
the
baby
,
and
she
started
to
cry
.
The
loud
thunder
scared
the
baby
,
and
she
started
to
cry
.
•
Don't
scare
the
cat
by
shouting
;
it
might
scratch
you
.
Don't
scare
the
cat
by
shouting
;
it
might
scratch
you
.
From
Middle
English
"
skerren
"
or
"
skierren
",
of
Scandinavian
origin
related
to
Old
Norse
"
skirra
"
meaning
"
to
frighten
away
".
humor
verb
to
behave
or
agree
with
someone
’
s
wishes
in
order
to
please
them
or
keep
them
calm
•
She
decided
to
humor
her
grandfather
by
listening
to
the
same
story
again
.
She
decided
to
humor
her
grandfather
by
listening
to
the
same
story
again
.
•
The
babysitter
humored
the
toddler
by
pretending
his
toy
dinosaur
could
talk
.
The
babysitter
humored
the
toddler
by
pretending
his
toy
dinosaur
could
talk
.
humour
verb
to
go
along
with
someone
’
s
wishes
or
ideas
to
keep
them
satisfied
or
calm
•
The
nurse
humoured
the
patient
by
laughing
at
his
old
jokes
.
The
nurse
humoured
the
patient
by
laughing
at
his
old
jokes
.
•
Parents
sometimes
humour
children
’
s
imaginary
friends
to
encourage
creativity
.
Parents
sometimes
humour
children
’
s
imaginary
friends
to
encourage
creativity
.
counter
verb
-
counter
,
countering
,
counters
,
countered
to
reply
to
something
by
saying
or
doing
something
that
opposes
it
•
She
countered
his
claim
with
solid
evidence
.
She
countered
his
claim
with
solid
evidence
.
•
The
company
quickly
countered
the
rumors
with
an
official
statement
.
The
company
quickly
countered
the
rumors
with
an
official
statement
.
From
Old
French
contre
‘
against
’,
from
Latin
contra
‘
opposite
,
against
’;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
15th
century
.
incredibly
adverb
to
an
extreme
degree
;
extremely
•
The
cake
was
incredibly
delicious
,
and
everyone
asked
for
seconds
.
The
cake
was
incredibly
delicious
,
and
everyone
asked
for
seconds
.
•
She
moved
incredibly
fast
for
someone
her
age
.
She
moved
incredibly
fast
for
someone
her
age
.
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
hard
to
believe
;
surprisingly
•
Incredibly
,
the
tiny
boat
survived
the
massive
storm
.
Incredibly
,
the
tiny
boat
survived
the
massive
storm
.
•
Incredibly
,
he
aced
the
exam
without
studying
.
Incredibly
,
he
aced
the
exam
without
studying
.
grandfather
verb
to
allow
someone
or
something
to
continue
under
an
old
rule
while
new
rules
apply
to
others
•
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
•
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
via
the
legal
term
“
grandfather
clause
”
in
late
19th-century
American
legislation
.
differ
verb
to
be
unlike
or
not
the
same
as
something
or
someone
else
•
The
twins
differ
in
personality
even
though
they
look
alike
.
The
twins
differ
in
personality
even
though
they
look
alike
.
•
Prices
differ
from
store
to
store
along
the
busy
street
.
Prices
differ
from
store
to
store
along
the
busy
street
.
From
Latin
“
differre
”
meaning
“
to
carry
apart
,”
which
developed
into
the
sense
of
being
unlike
.
verb
to
have
a
different
opinion
;
to
disagree
•
Scientists
often
differ
about
the
best
way
to
interpret
the
data
.
Scientists
often
differ
about
the
best
way
to
interpret
the
data
.
•
I
differ
with
my
brother
on
how
to
spend
the
holiday
.
I
differ
with
my
brother
on
how
to
spend
the
holiday
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
first
sense
;
the
idea
of
‘
being
apart
’
extended
to
opinions
.
leather
verb
to
hit
someone
or
something
very
hard
many
times
,
especially
with
a
strap
,
belt
,
or
the
hand
•
In
the
story
,
the
cruel
master
leathered
the
servant
for
dropping
the
tray
.
In
the
story
,
the
cruel
master
leathered
the
servant
for
dropping
the
tray
.
•
The
coach
warned
us
he
would
leather
the
ball
into
the
net
if
we
didn
’
t
close
him
down
.
The
coach
warned
us
he
would
leather
the
ball
into
the
net
if
we
didn
’
t
close
him
down
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
leather
,”
originally
referring
to
beating
with
a
leather
strap
.
flavor
verb
-
flavor
,
flavoring
,
flavors
,
flavored
to
add
a
particular
taste
to
food
or
drink
•
She
flavored
the
cake
with
vanilla
extract
.
She
flavored
the
cake
with
vanilla
extract
.
•
Add
a
pinch
of
cinnamon
to
flavor
the
oatmeal
.
Add
a
pinch
of
cinnamon
to
flavor
the
oatmeal
.
Verb
use
arose
in
the
17th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
give
taste
’.
flavour
verb
-
flavour
,
flavouring
,
flavours
,
flavoured
to
add
a
particular
taste
to
food
or
drink
•
He
flavoured
the
stew
with
fresh
rosemary
.
He
flavoured
the
stew
with
fresh
rosemary
.
•
You
can
flavour
yogurt
by
adding
honey
.
You
can
flavour
yogurt
by
adding
honey
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
flavour
,”
with
verb
usage
documented
in
British
cookbooks
of
the
18th
century
.
render
verb
to
cause
someone
or
something
to
be
in
a
particular
state
or
condition
•
The
sudden
news
rendered
Maya
silent
.
The
sudden
news
rendered
Maya
silent
.
•
A
hard
frost
overnight
rendered
the
roads
dangerously
slick
.
A
hard
frost
overnight
rendered
the
roads
dangerously
slick
.
From
Latin
‘
reddere
’
meaning
“
to
give
back
,
make
,
or
present
.”
verb
to
formally
give
,
deliver
,
or
provide
something
such
as
help
,
service
,
or
a
decision
•
Paramedics
quickly
rendered
first
aid
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
Paramedics
quickly
rendered
first
aid
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
•
The
jury
rendered
its
verdict
after
three
days
of
deliberation
.
The
jury
rendered
its
verdict
after
three
days
of
deliberation
.
Medieval
usage
extended
Latin
‘
reddere
’
to
the
sense
of
‘
hand
over
officially
’.
verb
in
computing
and
graphics
,
to
process
digital
data
in
order
to
produce
the
final
image
or
animation
seen
on
screen
•
The
workstation
rendered
the
3D
scene
overnight
.
The
workstation
rendered
the
3D
scene
overnight
.
•
Lowering
the
resolution
helped
the
software
render
faster
.
Lowering
the
resolution
helped
the
software
render
faster
.
Adopted
into
computer
graphics
in
the
1960s
to
describe
‘
making
visible
’
calculated
data
.
verb
to
represent
or
express
something
in
another
artistic
or
linguistic
form
,
such
as
depicting
a
scene
,
performing
a
piece
of
music
,
or
translating
words
•
The
painter
rendered
the
mountains
in
delicate
watercolors
.
The
painter
rendered
the
mountains
in
delicate
watercolors
.
•
The
actress
rendered
the
tragic
monologue
with
deep
emotion
.
The
actress
rendered
the
tragic
monologue
with
deep
emotion
.
Sense
developed
in
the
Renaissance
as
artists
‘
gave
back
’
reality
in
painted
form
.
meter
verb
to
measure
,
record
,
or
control
the
amount
or
rate
of
something
with
a
meter
•
Gas
companies
meter
usage
to
calculate
your
bill
every
month
.
Gas
companies
meter
usage
to
calculate
your
bill
every
month
.
•
The
smart
device
meters
each
cup
of
water
the
plant
receives
.
The
smart
device
meters
each
cup
of
water
the
plant
receives
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
in
the
early
20th
century
,
meaning
“
to
supply
in
measured
amounts
.”
prediction
noun
a
statement
about
what
you
think
will
happen
in
the
future
•
The
scientist
’
s
prediction
about
the
storm
proved
correct
.
The
scientist
’
s
prediction
about
the
storm
proved
correct
.
•
Before
kick-off
,
fans
shared
their
prediction
of
which
team
would
win
the
soccer
match
.
Before
kick-off
,
fans
shared
their
prediction
of
which
team
would
win
the
soccer
match
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
praedictio
‘
a
foretelling
’,
from
praedicere
‘
to
say
beforehand
’.
manufacturing
verb
-
manufacture
,
manufacturing
,
manufactures
,
manufactured
present
participle
of
manufacture
:
actively
making
something
,
especially
in
a
factory
•
The
factory
is
manufacturing
thousands
of
solar
panels
this
month
.
The
factory
is
manufacturing
thousands
of
solar
panels
this
month
.
•
Workers
were
still
manufacturing
parts
when
the
inspector
arrived
.
Workers
were
still
manufacturing
parts
when
the
inspector
arrived
.
Verb
form
of
manufacture
,
from
French
fabriquer
,
ultimately
from
Latin
manus
(“
hand
”)
+
facere
(“
make
”).
tire
verb
-
tire
,
tiring
,
tires
,
tired
to
become
or
cause
someone
to
become
physically
or
mentally
weary
•
The
long
hike
began
to
tire
the
children
by
noon
.
The
long
hike
began
to
tire
the
children
by
noon
.
•
I
never
tire
of
watching
sunsets
over
the
ocean
.
I
never
tire
of
watching
sunsets
over
the
ocean
.
From
Old
English
“
tēorian
”
meaning
to
fail
or
be
weary
,
developing
into
Middle
English
“
tyren/tiren
”
with
the
current
spelling
solidified
by
the
16th
century
.
rumor
verb
to
say
or
repeat
information
that
may
not
be
true
,
often
making
it
widely
known
•
Fans
rumor
that
the
director
is
planning
a
surprise
sequel
.
Fans
rumor
that
the
director
is
planning
a
surprise
sequel
.
•
Reporters
quickly
rumored
the
senator
’
s
unexpected
visit
to
the
hospital
.
Reporters
quickly
rumored
the
senator
’
s
unexpected
visit
to
the
hospital
.
Derived
from
the
noun
"
rumor
";
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
1570s
.
rumour
verb
to
say
or
repeat
information
that
may
not
be
true
,
often
making
it
widely
known
•
Journalists
rumour
that
the
Prime
Minister
may
call
an
early
election
.
Journalists
rumour
that
the
Prime
Minister
may
call
an
early
election
.
•
Locals
rumoured
that
the
old
castle
is
haunted
.
Locals
rumoured
that
the
old
castle
is
haunted
.
Derived
from
the
noun
"
rumour
";
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
late
16th
century
.
wander
verb
to
walk
or
travel
around
with
no
fixed
plan
,
purpose
,
or
destination
•
On
warm
summer
evenings
,
locals
love
to
wander
along
the
riverside
promenade
watching
the
reflections
on
the
water
.
On
warm
summer
evenings
,
locals
love
to
wander
along
the
riverside
promenade
watching
the
reflections
on
the
water
.
•
After
checking
into
her
hostel
,
Mia
wandered
through
the
lively
street
market
,
tasting
snacks
from
every
stall
.
After
checking
into
her
hostel
,
Mia
wandered
through
the
lively
street
market
,
tasting
snacks
from
every
stall
.
From
Old
English
wandrian
“
to
move
aimlessly
,”
related
to
Old
High
German
wantarōn
“
to
roam
.”
verb
to
stray
or
move
away
from
the
correct
path
or
place
•
If
you
don
’
t
latch
the
gate
,
the
sheep
will
wander
onto
the
road
.
If
you
don
’
t
latch
the
gate
,
the
sheep
will
wander
onto
the
road
.
•
The
toddler
wandered
away
from
his
mother
in
the
busy
department
store
.
The
toddler
wandered
away
from
his
mother
in
the
busy
department
store
.
verb
(
of
thoughts
,
attention
,
or
conversation
)
to
shift
away
from
the
main
focus
or
subject
•
Her
mind
often
wanders
during
long
meetings
.
Her
mind
often
wanders
during
long
meetings
.
•
Try
not
to
let
the
discussion
wander
too
far
from
the
agenda
.
Try
not
to
let
the
discussion
wander
too
far
from
the
agenda
.
gesture
verb
-
gesture
,
gesturing
,
gestures
,
gestured
to
move
your
hands
,
head
,
or
other
body
parts
to
show
something
or
to
direct
someone
•
The
tour
guide
gestured
toward
the
ancient
temple
on
the
hill
.
The
tour
guide
gestured
toward
the
ancient
temple
on
the
hill
.
•
I
couldn
’
t
hear
him
,
so
he
gestured
for
me
to
come
closer
.
I
couldn
’
t
hear
him
,
so
he
gestured
for
me
to
come
closer
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
meaning
“
make
a
gesture
.”
admire
verb
-
admire
,
admiring
,
admires
,
admired
to
look
at
someone
or
something
with
pleasure
because
it
is
beautiful
,
impressive
,
or
interesting
•
Tourists
stopped
to
admire
the
ancient
temple
at
sunset
.
Tourists
stopped
to
admire
the
ancient
temple
at
sunset
.
•
She
stood
in
front
of
the
mirror
and
admired
her
new
haircut
.
She
stood
in
front
of
the
mirror
and
admired
her
new
haircut
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
the
respect
sense
,
extending
to
visual
appreciation
.
verb
-
admire
,
admiring
,
admires
,
admired
to
respect
and
think
highly
of
someone
or
something
•
Many
students
admire
their
teacher
for
her
patience
and
creativity
.
Many
students
admire
their
teacher
for
her
patience
and
creativity
.
•
As
a
young
scientist
,
he
admired
Marie
Curie
’
s
dedication
to
research
.
As
a
young
scientist
,
he
admired
Marie
Curie
’
s
dedication
to
research
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
“
admirari
”
meaning
“
to
wonder
at
,
esteem
”.
trigger
verb
-
trigger
,
triggering
,
triggers
,
triggered
to
cause
something
to
begin
to
happen
or
exist
•
Cutting
the
red
wire
will
trigger
the
alarm
system
.
Cutting
the
red
wire
will
trigger
the
alarm
system
.
•
The
new
policy
is
expected
to
trigger
economic
growth
.
The
new
policy
is
expected
to
trigger
economic
growth
.
verb
-
trigger
,
triggering
,
triggers
,
triggered
to
make
someone
suddenly
experience
strong
negative
emotions
connected
with
past
trauma
•
The
loud
fireworks
triggered
his
war
flashbacks
.
The
loud
fireworks
triggered
his
war
flashbacks
.
•
That
movie
scene
could
trigger
survivors
of
similar
accidents
.
That
movie
scene
could
trigger
survivors
of
similar
accidents
.
cluster
verb
-
cluster
,
clustering
,
clusters
,
clustered
to
come
together
or
gather
in
a
small
,
close
group
•
The
students
clustered
around
the
noticeboard
to
check
their
exam
results
.
The
students
clustered
around
the
noticeboard
to
check
their
exam
results
.
•
Bees
cluster
on
the
hive
entrance
during
the
summer
heat
.
Bees
cluster
on
the
hive
entrance
during
the
summer
heat
.
helicopter
verb
to
travel
somewhere
by
helicopter
,
or
to
move
people
or
things
somewhere
using
a
helicopter
•
The
film
crew
helicoptered
over
the
rainforest
to
capture
aerial
shots
.
The
film
crew
helicoptered
over
the
rainforest
to
capture
aerial
shots
.
•
Soldiers
and
supplies
were
helicoptered
into
the
remote
base
before
dawn
.
Soldiers
and
supplies
were
helicoptered
into
the
remote
base
before
dawn
.
verb
use
from
the
noun
‘
helicopter
’;
first
attested
mid
20th
century
.
sacred
adjective
connected
with
a
god
or
religion
and
treated
with
deep
respect
•
Pilgrims
removed
their
shoes
before
entering
the
sacred
temple
.
Pilgrims
removed
their
shoes
before
entering
the
sacred
temple
.
•
The
river
is
sacred
to
millions
who
bathe
in
its
waters
at
sunrise
.
The
river
is
sacred
to
millions
who
bathe
in
its
waters
at
sunrise
.
from
Latin
sacer
(‘
holy
,
consecrated
’)
+
-ed
adjective
considered
too
important
to
be
changed
or
criticized
•
In
their
company
,
punctuality
is
sacred
—
meetings
always
start
exactly
on
time
.
In
their
company
,
punctuality
is
sacred
—
meetings
always
start
exactly
on
time
.
•
To
the
novelist
,
her
quiet
morning
hours
were
sacred
writing
time
.
To
the
novelist
,
her
quiet
morning
hours
were
sacred
writing
time
.
figurative
extension
from
the
religious
sense
of
“
sacred
”
to
anything
highly
valued
or
protected
injure
verb
-
injure
,
injuring
,
injures
,
injured
to
cause
physical
harm
or
damage
to
a
person
or
animal
•
During
the
soccer
match
,
the
striker
injured
his
ankle
and
had
to
leave
the
field
.
During
the
soccer
match
,
the
striker
injured
his
ankle
and
had
to
leave
the
field
.
•
Be
careful
with
that
knife
or
you
might
injure
yourself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
Be
careful
with
that
knife
or
you
might
injure
yourself
while
chopping
vegetables
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
‘
injūrāre
’
meaning
‘
to
wrong
’
or
‘
to
hurt
’.
The
root
‘
in-
’ (
against
)
+
‘
jūs
’ (
right
or
law
)
originally
referred
to
violating
someone
’
s
rights
,
later
extending
to
bodily
harm
.
verb
-
injure
,
injuring
,
injures
,
injured
to
damage
something
non-physical
,
such
as
someone
’
s
feelings
,
reputation
,
or
rights
•
Publishing
false
rumors
can
injure
a
person
’
s
reputation
for
years
.
Publishing
false
rumors
can
injure
a
person
’
s
reputation
for
years
.
•
His
harsh
words
deeply
injured
her
pride
.
His
harsh
words
deeply
injured
her
pride
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
the
physical
sense
.
The
legal
idea
of
‘
doing
wrong
against
’
naturally
broadened
to
abstract
harms
like
reputation
or
feelings
.
shared
verb
-
share
,
sharing
,
shares
,
shared
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
share
•
Lisa
shared
her
sandwich
with
a
hungry
stray
dog
.
Lisa
shared
her
sandwich
with
a
hungry
stray
dog
.
•
They
have
shared
this
secret
since
childhood
.
They
have
shared
this
secret
since
childhood
.
From
Middle
English
“
shered
”,
past
form
of
“
sharen
”,
influenced
by
Old
English
“
scearu
”
meaning
a
“
cut
”
or
“
portion
”.
adjective
used
,
owned
,
or
enjoyed
by
two
or
more
people
together
•
The
roommates
cleaned
the
shared
kitchen
every
evening
.
The
roommates
cleaned
the
shared
kitchen
every
evening
.
•
We
split
the
cost
of
a
shared
taxi
to
the
airport
.
We
split
the
cost
of
a
shared
taxi
to
the
airport
.
Derived
from
the
past
participle
form
of
the
verb
“
share
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
powder
noun
-
powder
,
powdering
,
powders
,
powdered
,
powdery
,
powderier
,
powderiest
a
dry
substance
made
of
very
tiny
grains
,
like
flour
,
that
can
pour
or
be
blown
about
•
The
baker
sifted
the
fine
powder
into
the
mixing
bowl
.
The
baker
sifted
the
fine
powder
into
the
mixing
bowl
.
•
A
gust
of
wind
blew
construction
powder
off
the
windowsill
and
made
the
workers
cough
.
A
gust
of
wind
blew
construction
powder
off
the
windowsill
and
made
the
workers
cough
.
Middle
English
poudere
,
from
Old
French
poudre
“
dust
,
powder
,”
from
Latin
pulvis
“
dust
”.
noun
-
powder
,
powdering
,
powders
,
powdered
,
powdery
,
powderier
,
powderiest
a
soft
,
scented
makeup
in
fine
grains
that
people
apply
to
their
face
to
reduce
shine
or
add
color
•
After
foundation
,
she
dabbed
a
light
powder
onto
her
cheeks
.
After
foundation
,
she
dabbed
a
light
powder
onto
her
cheeks
.
•
The
actor
asked
for
more
face
powder
before
going
on
stage
.
The
actor
asked
for
more
face
powder
before
going
on
stage
.
noun
-
powder
,
powdering
,
powders
,
powdered
,
powdery
,
powderier
,
powderiest
soft
,
dry
snow
that
has
just
fallen
and
is
ideal
for
skiing
or
snowboarding
•
Skiers
rushed
to
the
mountain
early
to
enjoy
the
fresh
powder
.
Skiers
rushed
to
the
mountain
early
to
enjoy
the
fresh
powder
.
•
The
board
carved
smoothly
through
deep
powder
all
afternoon
.
The
board
carved
smoothly
through
deep
powder
all
afternoon
.
verb
-
powder
,
powdering
,
powders
,
powdered
to
cover
something
with
a
fine
dry
substance
,
or
to
crush
something
into
such
a
substance
•
She
powdered
her
nose
before
the
photo
was
taken
.
She
powdered
her
nose
before
the
photo
was
taken
.
•
Workers
powdered
the
tablets
to
mix
them
into
the
drink
.
Workers
powdered
the
tablets
to
mix
them
into
the
drink
.
pastor
verb
-
pastor
,
pastoring
,
pastors
,
pastored
to
lead
a
church
or
to
give
spiritual
care
and
guidance
to
a
group
of
Christians
•
She
felt
called
to
pastor
a
small
rural
congregation
.
She
felt
called
to
pastor
a
small
rural
congregation
.
•
For
over
thirty
years
,
he
has
pastored
the
same
church
.
For
over
thirty
years
,
he
has
pastored
the
same
church
.
verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
meaning
“
to
act
as
a
pastor
.”
shore
verb
-
shore
,
shoring
,
shores
,
shored
to
support
something
and
stop
it
from
falling
by
putting
a
beam
or
other
strong
support
against
it
•
Builders
shored
the
tunnel
roof
to
protect
the
workers
.
Builders
shored
the
tunnel
roof
to
protect
the
workers
.
•
Emergency
crews
had
to
shore
the
damaged
house
after
the
earthquake
.
Emergency
crews
had
to
shore
the
damaged
house
after
the
earthquake
.
From
the
noun
sense
of
a
support
;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
15th
century
.
endure
verb
-
endure
,
enduring
,
endures
,
endured
to
suffer
something
unpleasant
or
difficult
for
a
long
time
without
giving
up
•
The
marathon
runners
endured
blistering
heat
to
reach
the
finish
line
.
The
marathon
runners
endured
blistering
heat
to
reach
the
finish
line
.
•
During
the
outage
,
the
family
endured
three
days
without
electricity
.
During
the
outage
,
the
family
endured
three
days
without
electricity
.
From
Middle
English
enduren
,
from
Old
French
endurer
,
based
on
Latin
indurare
“
harden
”.
verb
-
endure
,
enduring
,
endures
,
endured
to
continue
to
exist
or
remain
strong
for
a
long
time
•
The
small
stone
bridge
has
endured
for
over
500
years
.
The
small
stone
bridge
has
endured
for
over
500
years
.
•
True
friendships
endure
long
distances
and
time
.
True
friendships
endure
long
distances
and
time
.
From
Middle
English
enduren
,
from
Old
French
endurer
,
based
on
Latin
indurare
“
harden
”.
venture
verb
-
venture
,
venturing
,
ventures
,
ventured
to
go
somewhere
or
do
something
that
involves
risk
,
danger
,
or
uncertainty
•
After
the
storm
,
the
rescue
team
decided
to
venture
out
onto
the
flooded
streets
.
After
the
storm
,
the
rescue
team
decided
to
venture
out
onto
the
flooded
streets
.
•
Few
tourists
venture
into
the
dense
jungle
without
a
guide
.
Few
tourists
venture
into
the
dense
jungle
without
a
guide
.
verb
-
venture
,
venturing
,
ventures
,
ventured
to
carefully
say
,
suggest
,
or
guess
something
when
you
are
not
sure
how
others
will
react
•
"
If
I
may
,
I'd
like
to
venture
a
question
,"
the
student
said
.
"
If
I
may
,
I'd
like
to
venture
a
question
,"
the
student
said
.
•
She
hesitated
,
then
ventured
an
opinion
about
the
new
design
.
She
hesitated
,
then
ventured
an
opinion
about
the
new
design
.
lecture
verb
-
lecture
,
lecturing
,
lectures
,
lectured
to
give
a
formal
talk
in
order
to
teach
people
about
a
subject
•
Dr
.
Singh
lectures
on
astrophysics
every
Thursday
afternoon
.
Dr
.
Singh
lectures
on
astrophysics
every
Thursday
afternoon
.
•
Next
semester
,
she
will
lecture
at
the
medical
school
in
Paris
.
Next
semester
,
she
will
lecture
at
the
medical
school
in
Paris
.
From
Latin
‘
lectura
’
through
Old
French
‘
lecture
’;
verb
use
recorded
from
the
early
16th
century
meaning
‘
to
read
publicly
’,
later
‘
to
teach
by
talk
’.
verb
-
lecture
,
lecturing
,
lectures
,
lectured
to
talk
angrily
or
seriously
to
someone
in
order
to
scold
or
warn
them
•
The
coach
lectured
the
players
for
arriving
late
to
practice
.
The
coach
lectured
the
players
for
arriving
late
to
practice
.
•
Please
don
’
t
lecture
me
—
I
already
apologized
for
the
mistake
.
Please
don
’
t
lecture
me
—
I
already
apologized
for
the
mistake
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
noun
‘
lecture
’
in
the
sense
of
a
long
moralizing
talk
.
boring
verb
-
bore
,
boring
,
bores
,
bored
making
a
round
hole
in
something
with
a
tool
or
machine
•
The
carpenter
was
boring
a
hole
through
the
plank
for
a
bolt
.
The
carpenter
was
boring
a
hole
through
the
plank
for
a
bolt
.
•
Engineers
kept
boring
into
the
mountain
to
create
a
tunnel
for
the
new
road
.
Engineers
kept
boring
into
the
mountain
to
create
a
tunnel
for
the
new
road
.
suffering
verb
-
suffer
,
suffering
,
suffers
,
suffered
present
participle
of
suffer
:
experiencing
pain
,
discomfort
,
or
hardship
•
The
hikers
were
suffering
from
dehydration
in
the
desert
.
The
hikers
were
suffering
from
dehydration
in
the
desert
.
•
She
has
been
suffering
headaches
all
week
.
She
has
been
suffering
headaches
all
week
.
present
participle
formed
by
adding
‑ing
to
the
verb
suffer
,
which
comes
from
Latin
sufferre
,
meaning
'to
bear
,
endure'
.
bare
verb
-
bare
,
baring
,
bares
,
bared
to
remove
a
covering
and
make
something
visible
;
to
uncover
or
reveal
•
The
dentist
asked
me
to
bare
my
teeth
.
The
dentist
asked
me
to
bare
my
teeth
.
•
The
storm
had
bared
the
roots
of
the
old
tree
.
The
storm
had
bared
the
roots
of
the
old
tree
.
administer
verb
to
be
in
charge
of
and
run
a
company
,
organization
,
or
system
•
Julia
was
hired
to
administer
the
small
charity
’
s
daily
operations
.
Julia
was
hired
to
administer
the
small
charity
’
s
daily
operations
.
•
A
young
male
principal
worked
late
to
administer
the
school
’
s
new
budget
.
A
young
male
principal
worked
late
to
administer
the
school
’
s
new
budget
.
verb
to
give
a
dose
of
medicine
or
medical
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
gently
administered
the
vaccine
to
the
child
.
The
nurse
gently
administered
the
vaccine
to
the
child
.
•
Paramedics
had
to
administer
oxygen
at
the
scene
.
Paramedics
had
to
administer
oxygen
at
the
scene
.
verb
to
make
sure
a
law
,
punishment
,
or
test
is
carried
out
•
Judges
are
expected
to
administer
justice
without
favoritism
.
Judges
are
expected
to
administer
justice
without
favoritism
.
•
The
professor
will
administer
the
final
exam
in
the
main
hall
.
The
professor
will
administer
the
final
exam
in
the
main
hall
.
verb
to
perform
and
give
a
religious
rite
or
sacrament
to
someone
•
The
priest
administered
communion
to
the
congregation
.
The
priest
administered
communion
to
the
congregation
.
•
A
female
minister
administered
the
baptism
in
the
river
.
A
female
minister
administered
the
baptism
in
the
river
.
cheer
verb
to
shout
loudly
to
show
support
,
praise
,
or
excitement
during
an
event
or
for
a
person
•
The
crowd
cheered
when
the
home
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
The
crowd
cheered
when
the
home
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
•
Parents
stood
by
the
finish
line
,
clapping
and
cheering
for
the
children
in
the
school
race
.
Parents
stood
by
the
finish
line
,
clapping
and
cheering
for
the
children
in
the
school
race
.
From
Middle
English
chere
“
countenance
,
mood
,”
later
“
gladness
,”
ultimately
from
Old
French
chere
“
face
,
expression
.”
Verb
sense
“
utter
shouts
of
encouragement
”
developed
in
the
15th
century
.
verb
to
make
someone
feel
happier
or
more
hopeful
•
A
surprise
phone
call
from
her
brother
cheered
her
after
a
long
,
tiring
day
.
A
surprise
phone
call
from
her
brother
cheered
her
after
a
long
,
tiring
day
.
•
Fresh
flowers
always
cheer
the
office
and
make
everyone
smile
.
Fresh
flowers
always
cheer
the
office
and
make
everyone
smile
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
“
gladden
the
mood
”
from
Middle
English
chere
.
harbor
verb
-
harbor
,
harboring
,
harbors
,
harbored
to
give
shelter
or
protection
to
a
person
,
animal
,
or
thing
,
often
secretly
•
The
villagers
risked
everything
to
harbor
the
injured
pilot
.
The
villagers
risked
everything
to
harbor
the
injured
pilot
.
•
During
winter
,
the
barn
harbors
dozens
of
stray
cats
.
During
winter
,
the
barn
harbors
dozens
of
stray
cats
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
of
offering
a
place
of
refuge
,
extended
to
people
and
things
by
late
Middle
English
.
verb
-
harbor
,
harboring
,
harbors
,
harbored
to
keep
a
thought
,
feeling
,
or
plan
secretly
in
your
mind
for
a
long
time
•
She
still
harbors
hopes
of
becoming
an
astronaut
.
She
still
harbors
hopes
of
becoming
an
astronaut
.
•
After
the
argument
,
he
harbored
resentment
for
years
.
After
the
argument
,
he
harbored
resentment
for
years
.
Sense
evolution
from
physical
shelter
to
mental
‘
holding
’
appeared
in
the
17th
century
.
harbour
verb
-
harbour
,
harbouring
,
harbours
,
harboured
to
give
shelter
or
protection
to
someone
or
something
,
especially
in
secret
•
The
family
bravely
harboured
a
young
refugee
in
their
attic
.
The
family
bravely
harboured
a
young
refugee
in
their
attic
.
•
Old
warehouses
along
the
river
still
harbour
rats
.
Old
warehouses
along
the
river
still
harbour
rats
.
From
earlier
noun
meaning
of
refuge
,
applied
to
the
act
of
providing
such
refuge
.
verb
-
harbour
,
harbouring
,
harbours
,
harboured
to
keep
a
feeling
,
thought
,
or
intention
secretly
in
your
mind
for
a
long
time
•
He
still
harbours
dreams
of
owning
a
vineyard
.
He
still
harbours
dreams
of
owning
a
vineyard
.
•
She
harboured
deep
guilt
about
the
lie
she
told
.
She
harboured
deep
guilt
about
the
lie
she
told
.
Metaphoric
extension
recorded
from
the
early
1700s
.
sponsor
verb
to
give
money
,
goods
,
or
services
to
support
an
event
,
activity
,
or
person
,
usually
in
exchange
for
publicity
•
A
local
bakery
sponsored
the
school
’
s
science
fair
.
A
local
bakery
sponsored
the
school
’
s
science
fair
.
•
We
hope
several
firms
will
sponsor
our
charity
walk
next
spring
.
We
hope
several
firms
will
sponsor
our
charity
walk
next
spring
.
verb
to
formally
present
and
support
a
bill
or
motion
in
a
legislative
body
•
Representative
Diaz
sponsored
a
bill
to
expand
internet
access
.
Representative
Diaz
sponsored
a
bill
to
expand
internet
access
.
•
Only
three
lawmakers
agreed
to
sponsor
the
amendment
.
Only
three
lawmakers
agreed
to
sponsor
the
amendment
.
verb
to
agree
to
take
responsibility
for
,
guide
,
or
guarantee
another
person
,
such
as
for
immigration
,
recovery
,
or
religious
purposes
•
Ella
volunteered
to
sponsor
her
cousin
’
s
visa
application
.
Ella
volunteered
to
sponsor
her
cousin
’
s
visa
application
.
•
He
has
sponsored
many
newcomers
in
the
support
program
.
He
has
sponsored
many
newcomers
in
the
support
program
.
anchor
verb
to
secure
a
boat
or
other
object
firmly
in
place
with
an
anchor
•
We
anchored
the
yacht
in
a
quiet
cove
for
the
night
.
We
anchored
the
yacht
in
a
quiet
cove
for
the
night
.
•
Fishermen
often
anchor
their
boats
near
the
reef
at
dawn
.
Fishermen
often
anchor
their
boats
near
the
reef
at
dawn
.
Old
English
‘
ancorian
’,
from
the
noun
.
verb
to
present
and
coordinate
a
television
or
radio
news
program
•
She
will
anchor
the
live
broadcast
from
the
election
headquarters
tonight
.
She
will
anchor
the
live
broadcast
from
the
election
headquarters
tonight
.
•
After
years
on
the
morning
show
,
he
anchored
the
network
’
s
prime-time
slot
.
After
years
on
the
morning
show
,
he
anchored
the
network
’
s
prime-time
slot
.
Extended
use
of
the
verb
in
U
.
S
.
broadcasting
by
the
1950s
.
verb
to
provide
stability
or
a
strong
basis
for
something
•
Family
traditions
anchor
children
in
their
cultural
roots
.
Family
traditions
anchor
children
in
their
cultural
roots
.
•
A
clear
mission
statement
anchors
the
company
’
s
decisions
.
A
clear
mission
statement
anchors
the
company
’
s
decisions
.
Figurative
sense
evolved
from
the
physical
verb
by
the
17th
century
.
repair
verb
to
fix
something
that
is
damaged
or
not
working
so
it
can
be
used
again
•
The
mechanic
repaired
the
car's
engine
in
just
two
hours
.
The
mechanic
repaired
the
car's
engine
in
just
two
hours
.
•
I
will
repair
my
broken
bike
this
weekend
.
I
will
repair
my
broken
bike
this
weekend
.
From
Old
French
reparer
,
from
Latin
reparare
meaning
“
to
make
ready
again
”.
calendar
noun
a
chart
,
book
,
or
digital
display
that
shows
the
days
,
weeks
,
and
months
of
a
year
•
Ethan
hung
a
new
calendar
on
the
kitchen
wall
to
track
family
birthdays
.
Ethan
hung
a
new
calendar
on
the
kitchen
wall
to
track
family
birthdays
.
•
The
phone
’
s
calendar
reminded
her
of
the
dentist
appointment
.
The
phone
’
s
calendar
reminded
her
of
the
dentist
appointment
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
calendarium
‘
account
book
,
register
’,
originally
‘
something
relating
to
the
kalends
(
first
days
)
of
each
month
’.
noun
a
list
or
schedule
of
planned
events
or
activities
arranged
by
date
•
The
city
’
s
summer
calendar
is
packed
with
concerts
and
festivals
.
The
city
’
s
summer
calendar
is
packed
with
concerts
and
festivals
.
•
Check
the
school
calendar
to
see
when
exams
start
.
Check
the
school
calendar
to
see
when
exams
start
.
verb
to
schedule
or
enter
something
on
a
calendar
•
The
assistant
calendared
the
meeting
for
Tuesday
morning
.
The
assistant
calendared
the
meeting
for
Tuesday
morning
.
•
Please
calendar
our
next
visit
so
we
don
’
t
forget
.
Please
calendar
our
next
visit
so
we
don
’
t
forget
.
noun
in
law
,
a
formal
list
of
cases
or
hearings
scheduled
in
a
court
•
The
judge
looked
at
the
court
calendar
to
set
a
trial
date
.
The
judge
looked
at
the
court
calendar
to
set
a
trial
date
.
•
Several
high-profile
cases
fill
the
morning
calendar
.
Several
high-profile
cases
fill
the
morning
calendar
.
flour
verb
-
flour
,
flouring
,
flours
,
floured
to
lightly
cover
or
coat
food
,
a
surface
,
or
a
container
with
flour
before
cooking
•
Before
frying
the
fish
,
the
chef
floured
each
fillet
lightly
.
Before
frying
the
fish
,
the
chef
floured
each
fillet
lightly
.
•
Remember
to
flour
the
cake
pan
so
the
batter
won't
stick
.
Remember
to
flour
the
cake
pan
so
the
batter
won't
stick
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
,
meaning
“
to
apply
flour
,”
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
treasure
noun
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
valuable
objects
like
gold
,
silver
,
and
jewels
,
especially
when
they
are
hidden
or
lost
•
The
pirates
buried
their
treasure
on
the
island
.
The
pirates
buried
their
treasure
on
the
island
.
•
The
museum
displayed
ancient
treasure
found
in
the
pharaoh
’
s
tomb
.
The
museum
displayed
ancient
treasure
found
in
the
pharaoh
’
s
tomb
.
Middle
English
tresor
,
from
Old
French
tresor
,
from
Latin
thesaurus
"
store
,
treasure
"
noun
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
someone
or
something
that
is
very
valuable
,
loved
,
or
admired
•
Grandma
is
a
real
treasure
to
our
family
.
Grandma
is
a
real
treasure
to
our
family
.
•
This
old
photograph
album
is
a
treasure
of
memories
.
This
old
photograph
album
is
a
treasure
of
memories
.
figurative
use
developed
from
the
‘
valuable
objects
’
meaning
in
Middle
English
verb
-
treasure
,
treasuring
,
treasures
,
treasured
to
value
something
very
much
and
take
great
care
of
it
•
I
will
always
treasure
the
time
we
spent
together
.
I
will
always
treasure
the
time
we
spent
together
.
•
He
treasures
his
grandfather
’
s
watch
and
keeps
it
safe
.
He
treasures
his
grandfather
’
s
watch
and
keeps
it
safe
.
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
valued
object
’,
used
as
a
verb
since
the
late
Middle
English
period
charter
verb
to
hire
a
boat
,
bus
,
plane
,
or
other
vehicle
for
private
use
•
We
chartered
a
small
plane
to
reach
the
island
.
We
chartered
a
small
plane
to
reach
the
island
.
•
They
decided
to
charter
a
bus
for
the
school
trip
.
They
decided
to
charter
a
bus
for
the
school
trip
.
verb
to
give
an
official
document
that
creates
an
organization
and
states
its
rights
and
rules
•
Parliament
chartered
the
bank
in
1694
.
Parliament
chartered
the
bank
in
1694
.
•
The
government
may
charter
new
towns
in
the
region
.
The
government
may
charter
new
towns
in
the
region
.
retired
adjective
no
longer
working
at
your
regular
job
,
usually
because
you
have
reached
an
age
when
you
choose
to
stop
•
My
grandfather
has
been
retired
for
five
years
and
now
spends
his
mornings
gardening
.
My
grandfather
has
been
retired
for
five
years
and
now
spends
his
mornings
gardening
.
•
After
she
retired
,
Maria
traveled
across
South
America
with
a
small
backpack
and
a
big
smile
.
After
she
retired
,
Maria
traveled
across
South
America
with
a
small
backpack
and
a
big
smile
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
retire
,”
used
as
an
adjective
since
the
18th
century
to
describe
someone
who
has
withdrawn
from
work
.
verb
-
retire
,
retiring
,
retires
,
retired
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
retire
•
He
retired
from
the
army
in
2010
and
started
a
small
farm
.
He
retired
from
the
army
in
2010
and
started
a
small
farm
.
•
The
factory
workers
retired
their
old
machines
after
installing
newer
models
.
The
factory
workers
retired
their
old
machines
after
installing
newer
models
.
Formed
from
the
French
"
retirer
"
meaning
"
withdraw
."
The
English
verb
dates
to
the
16th
century
.
laser
verb
-
laser
,
lasering
,
lasers
,
lasered
to
cut
,
remove
,
or
mark
something
using
a
laser
beam
.
•
The
dentist
carefully
lasered
away
the
decayed
part
of
the
tooth
.
The
dentist
carefully
lasered
away
the
decayed
part
of
the
tooth
.
•
Tomorrow
,
technicians
will
laser
intricate
patterns
onto
the
metal
panels
.
Tomorrow
,
technicians
will
laser
intricate
patterns
onto
the
metal
panels
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
laser
,”
used
as
a
verb
from
the
1960s
as
the
technology
became
capable
of
cutting
and
removing
material
.
mentor
verb
-
mentor
,
mentoring
,
mentors
,
mentored
to
guide
,
teach
,
and
support
someone
less
experienced
over
a
period
of
time
•
Experienced
engineers
mentor
new
hires
during
their
first
year
.
Experienced
engineers
mentor
new
hires
during
their
first
year
.
•
She
promised
to
mentor
three
students
from
the
local
school
.
She
promised
to
mentor
three
students
from
the
local
school
.
Verb
use
developed
from
the
noun
sense
,
meaning
“
to
act
as
a
Mentor
.”
filter
verb
to
pass
a
substance
,
light
,
or
sound
through
a
filter
so
that
unwanted
parts
are
removed
•
Campers
filter
water
from
the
stream
before
drinking
it
.
Campers
filter
water
from
the
stream
before
drinking
it
.
•
These
sunglasses
filter
out
harmful
UV
rays
.
These
sunglasses
filter
out
harmful
UV
rays
.
verb
to
move
or
spread
slowly
in
small
numbers
or
amounts
•
Light
filtered
through
the
curtains
at
dawn
.
Light
filtered
through
the
curtains
at
dawn
.
•
Guests
began
to
filter
into
the
hall
before
the
concert
.
Guests
began
to
filter
into
the
hall
before
the
concert
.
required
verb
-
require
,
requiring
,
requires
,
required
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
require
•
The
school
required
every
student
to
wear
a
uniform
last
year
.
The
school
required
every
student
to
wear
a
uniform
last
year
.
•
When
her
passport
expired
,
the
embassy
required
extra
documents
before
renewing
it
.
When
her
passport
expired
,
the
embassy
required
extra
documents
before
renewing
it
.
From
Latin
requīrere
“
to
seek
,
ask
for
,
need
.”
adjective
necessary
by
rule
or
circumstance
;
compulsory
.
•
Safety
goggles
are
required
in
the
laboratory
at
all
times
.
Safety
goggles
are
required
in
the
laboratory
at
all
times
.
•
The
form
has
three
required
fields
marked
with
a
red
asterisk
.
The
form
has
three
required
fields
marked
with
a
red
asterisk
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
require
,
used
adjectivally
since
the
17th
century
.
spare
verb
-
spare
,
sparing
,
spares
,
spared
to
give
or
allow
something
such
as
time
,
money
,
or
effort
because
you
can
manage
without
it
•
Could
you
spare
a
few
minutes
to
answer
my
questions
?
Could
you
spare
a
few
minutes
to
answer
my
questions
?
•
She
couldn
’
t
spare
any
cash
at
the
moment
.
She
couldn
’
t
spare
any
cash
at
the
moment
.
Old
English
spǣrian
“
refrain
,
abstain
,
save
”,
later
broadened
to
allowing
or
giving
what
is
extra
.
verb
-
spare
,
sparing
,
spares
,
spared
to
prevent
someone
or
something
from
suffering
,
being
harmed
,
or
experiencing
something
unpleasant
•
Firefighters
arrived
quickly
and
spared
the
old
house
from
destruction
.
Firefighters
arrived
quickly
and
spared
the
old
house
from
destruction
.
•
Please
spare
me
the
long
explanation
and
just
give
me
the
result
.
Please
spare
me
the
long
explanation
and
just
give
me
the
result
.
Same
Germanic
root
as
sense
“
give
”,
originally
“
make
exempt
;
allow
to
escape
harm
”.
hunger
verb
to
feel
the
physical
need
to
eat
;
to
be
hungry
•
During
the
long
journey
,
the
sailors
hungered
as
the
food
supplies
ran
out
.
During
the
long
journey
,
the
sailors
hungered
as
the
food
supplies
ran
out
.
•
Wild
animals
may
hunger
in
harsh
winters
when
prey
is
scarce
.
Wild
animals
may
hunger
in
harsh
winters
when
prey
is
scarce
.
verb
to
strongly
desire
or
long
for
something
•
She
hungers
for
recognition
of
her
hard
work
.
She
hungers
for
recognition
of
her
hard
work
.
•
Artists
often
hunger
after
genuine
creative
freedom
.
Artists
often
hunger
after
genuine
creative
freedom
.
jar
verb
-
jar
,
jarring
,
jars
,
jarred
to
shake
or
bump
something
suddenly
and
roughly
,
often
making
people
or
things
feel
or
move
sharply
•
The
bumpy
road
jarred
the
sleeping
baby
awake
.
The
bumpy
road
jarred
the
sleeping
baby
awake
.
•
An
earthquake
can
jar
dishes
off
the
shelves
.
An
earthquake
can
jar
dishes
off
the
shelves
.
Early
16th
century
,
possibly
imitative
of
the
harsh
sound
of
a
sudden
knock
or
from
Middle
French
jarrer
“
to
spurt
,
jerk
.”
verb
-
jar
,
jarring
,
jars
,
jarred
to
clash
or
be
in
an
unpleasant
disagreement
,
especially
in
sound
,
color
,
style
,
or
opinion
•
The
neon
green
walls
jar
with
the
antique
furniture
.
The
neon
green
walls
jar
with
the
antique
furniture
.
•
His
loud
laughter
jarred
on
her
nerves
during
the
quiet
movie
.
His
loud
laughter
jarred
on
her
nerves
during
the
quiet
movie
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
verb
sense
“
shake
roughly
”
to
describe
mental
or
sensory
dissonance
.
scatter
verb
to
throw
or
drop
many
small
things
so
that
they
fall
or
lie
over
a
wide
area
in
no
special
order
•
The
farmer
scattered
seeds
across
the
empty
field
.
The
farmer
scattered
seeds
across
the
empty
field
.
•
She
scattered
rose
petals
along
the
white
wedding
aisle
.
She
scattered
rose
petals
along
the
white
wedding
aisle
.
Old
English
‘
scaterian
’
meaning
‘
to
spread
loosely
’,
related
to
‘
shatter
’.
verb
to
move
quickly
in
different
directions
so
that
people
,
animals
,
or
things
are
no
longer
together
•
When
the
thunder
cracked
,
the
pigeons
scattered
into
the
sky
.
When
the
thunder
cracked
,
the
pigeons
scattered
into
the
sky
.
•
The
children
scattered
as
soon
as
the
first
raindrops
fell
.
The
children
scattered
as
soon
as
the
first
raindrops
fell
.
Same
origin
as
the
transitive
verb
sense
,
from
Old
English
‘
scaterian
’.
noun
a
messy
spread
or
small
amount
of
things
lying
loosely
over
an
area
•
There
was
a
scatter
of
coins
on
the
kitchen
table
.
There
was
a
scatter
of
coins
on
the
kitchen
table
.
•
A
light
scatter
of
snow
covered
the
rooftops
by
dawn
.
A
light
scatter
of
snow
covered
the
rooftops
by
dawn
.
Derived
from
the
verb
form
;
first
recorded
as
a
noun
in
the
late
18th
century
.
cure
verb
-
cure
,
curing
,
cures
,
cured
to
make
a
sick
person
healthy
again
or
make
an
illness
disappear
completely
•
The
new
medicine
could
cure
thousands
of
patients
each
year
.
The
new
medicine
could
cure
thousands
of
patients
each
year
.
•
Time
and
rest
eventually
cured
his
injured
ankle
.
Time
and
rest
eventually
cured
his
injured
ankle
.
verb
-
cure
,
curing
,
cures
,
cured
to
preserve
food
or
other
materials
by
drying
,
salting
,
smoking
,
or
similar
methods
•
They
cure
the
ham
with
salt
and
smoke
for
extra
flavor
.
They
cure
the
ham
with
salt
and
smoke
for
extra
flavor
.
•
To
make
jerky
,
you
first
cure
thin
strips
of
beef
.
To
make
jerky
,
you
first
cure
thin
strips
of
beef
.
tender
verb
to
offer
something
formally
to
someone
,
especially
money
,
documents
,
or
a
resignation
•
She
tendered
her
resignation
to
the
board
yesterday
.
She
tendered
her
resignation
to
the
board
yesterday
.
•
The
buyer
tendered
payment
in
cash
.
The
buyer
tendered
payment
in
cash
.
hatred
noun
a
very
strong
feeling
of
dislike
and
hostility
toward
someone
or
something
•
The
two
brothers
put
aside
their
hatred
and
finally
made
peace
.
The
two
brothers
put
aside
their
hatred
and
finally
made
peace
.
•
Years
of
war
had
filled
the
villagers
with
hatred
for
their
enemies
.
Years
of
war
had
filled
the
villagers
with
hatred
for
their
enemies
.
From
Old
English
“
hǣtred
,”
formed
from
“
hate
”
+
“
-red
,”
meaning
the
state
or
condition
of
hating
.
sheer
verb
to
suddenly
turn
or
move
away
from
something
•
The
horse
sheered
away
from
the
snake
on
the
path
.
The
horse
sheered
away
from
the
snake
on
the
path
.
•
He
sheered
the
car
to
avoid
the
pothole
.
He
sheered
the
car
to
avoid
the
pothole
.
foster
verb
to
take
care
of
and
bring
up
a
child
or
animal
for
a
limited
period
when
you
are
not
the
biological
parent
•
The
couple
decided
to
foster
three
siblings
until
a
permanent
home
was
found
.
The
couple
decided
to
foster
three
siblings
until
a
permanent
home
was
found
.
•
After
her
mother
fell
ill
,
an
elderly
neighbor
offered
to
foster
the
girl
for
a
few
months
.
After
her
mother
fell
ill
,
an
elderly
neighbor
offered
to
foster
the
girl
for
a
few
months
.
Old
English
fostrian
“
to
supply
with
food
,
nourish
,
rear
,”
from
fostor
“
food
,
nourishment
.”
verb
to
encourage
the
growth
,
development
,
or
success
of
something
•
Reading
aloud
can
foster
a
love
of
books
in
children
.
Reading
aloud
can
foster
a
love
of
books
in
children
.
•
The
new
community
garden
aims
to
foster
friendships
among
neighbors
.
The
new
community
garden
aims
to
foster
friendships
among
neighbors
.
Same
root
as
the
caregiving
sense
,
extending
metaphorically
to
nurturing
ideas
or
situations
.
collar
verb
to
catch
or
hold
someone
so
they
cannot
escape
,
especially
to
arrest
them
•
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
•
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
Originally
‘
put
a
collar
on
’,
later
figuratively
‘
seize
by
the
neck
’;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
17th
century
.
predator
noun
an
animal
that
lives
by
hunting
and
eating
other
animals
•
The
predator
stalked
the
rabbit
through
the
tall
grass
.
The
predator
stalked
the
rabbit
through
the
tall
grass
.
•
Lions
are
apex predators
on
the
African
savanna
.
Lions
are
apex predators
on
the
African
savanna
.
from
Latin
praedator
“
plunderer
,
hunter
,”
from
praeda
“
prey
”
noun
a
person
or
organization
that
cruelly
exploits
,
harms
,
or
takes
advantage
of
others
•
The
online
predator
pretended
to
be
a
teenager
to
gain
the
child's
trust
.
The
online
predator
pretended
to
be
a
teenager
to
gain
the
child's
trust
.
•
Some
corporations
act
like
predators
by
buying
smaller
rivals
and
firing
their
employees
.
Some
corporations
act
like
predators
by
buying
smaller
rivals
and
firing
their
employees
.
figurative
extension
of
the
animal
sense
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
mid-20th
century
hammer
verb
to
hit
something
many
times
with
force
,
especially
using
a
hammer
•
They
hammered
wooden
stakes
into
the
ground
.
They
hammered
wooden
stakes
into
the
ground
.
•
Workers
hammered
loudly
on
the
metal
beams
.
Workers
hammered
loudly
on
the
metal
beams
.
verb
to
defeat
someone
easily
or
to
criticize
something
very
severely
•
The
home
team
hammered
their
rivals
5–0
.
The
home
team
hammered
their
rivals
5–0
.
•
Reviewers
hammered
the
movie
for
its
weak
plot
.
Reviewers
hammered
the
movie
for
its
weak
plot
.
credibility
noun
-
credibility
the
quality
of
being
trusted
,
believed
,
or
considered
convincing
•
The
scientist
backed
up
his
findings
with
solid
data
to
increase
his
credibility
.
The
scientist
backed
up
his
findings
with
solid
data
to
increase
his
credibility
.
•
After
the
journalist
admitted
her
mistake
,
her
credibility
suffered
.
After
the
journalist
admitted
her
mistake
,
her
credibility
suffered
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
medieval
Latin
credibilitas
,
based
on
Latin
credibilis
‘
believable
’,
from
credere
‘
believe
’.
gathering
verb
present
participle
of
gather
,
expressing
the
action
of
collecting
things
or
coming
together
•
The
children
were
gathering
seashells
along
the
shore
.
The
children
were
gathering
seashells
along
the
shore
.
•
As
dusk
fell
,
dark
clouds
were
gathering
over
the
mountains
.
As
dusk
fell
,
dark
clouds
were
gathering
over
the
mountains
.
interfere
verb
-
interfere
,
interfering
,
interferes
,
interfered
to
become
involved
in
someone
else
’
s
affairs
when
your
help
or
opinion
is
not
wanted
•
I
wish
my
parents
would
stop
trying
to
interfere
in
my
personal
life
.
I
wish
my
parents
would
stop
trying
to
interfere
in
my
personal
life
.
•
The
manager
warned
the
waiter
not
to
interfere
in
the
customers
’
private
conversation
.
The
manager
warned
the
waiter
not
to
interfere
in
the
customers
’
private
conversation
.
From
Latin
inter-
“
between
”
+
ferīre
“
to
strike
”,
later
French
interférer
“
to
meddle
”.
uncover
verb
to
remove
a
lid
,
cloth
,
or
other
covering
so
that
something
can
be
seen
•
She
carefully
uncovered
the
sleeping
cat
so
it
wouldn
’
t
wake
up
.
She
carefully
uncovered
the
sleeping
cat
so
it
wouldn
’
t
wake
up
.
•
He
uncovered
the
pot
of
soup
to
let
the
steam
escape
.
He
uncovered
the
pot
of
soup
to
let
the
steam
escape
.
From
un-
(
reverse
)
+
cover
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
verb
to
find
or
reveal
something
that
was
hidden
,
secret
,
or
unknown
•
Reporters
uncovered
evidence
of
financial
fraud
at
the
company
.
Reporters
uncovered
evidence
of
financial
fraud
at
the
company
.
•
The
detective
hopes
to
uncover
the
thief
’
s
motive
by
tomorrow
.
The
detective
hopes
to
uncover
the
thief
’
s
motive
by
tomorrow
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
sense
“
remove
a
cover
”,
first
attested
in
the
17th
century
.