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range
noun
a
kitchen
appliance
that
has
burners
on
top
and
an
oven
below
for
cooking
food
•
She
put
the
soup
pot
on
the
range
to
simmer
.
She
put
the
soup
pot
on
the
range
to
simmer
.
•
The
new
gas
range
heats
up
quickly
and
saves
energy
.
The
new
gas
range
heats
up
quickly
and
saves
energy
.
19th-century
American
English
,
from
earlier
sense
"
row
of
fireplaces
".
noun
several
different
things
of
the
same
general
kind
considered
together
•
The
supermarket
offers
a
wide
range
of
fresh
fruits
and
vegetables
.
The
supermarket
offers
a
wide
range
of
fresh
fruits
and
vegetables
.
•
Students
can
choose
from
a
range
of
optional
courses
this
semester
.
Students
can
choose
from
a
range
of
optional
courses
this
semester
.
From
Old
French
'range'
meaning
“
row
”
or
“
line
”
and
ultimately
from
the
verb
'ranger'
“
to
arrange
”.
noun
a
set
or
group
of
different
things
that
belong
together
and
lie
between
two
limits
,
such
as
size
,
amount
,
or
type
•
The
supermarket
offers
a
wide
range
of
fresh
fruit
and
vegetables
.
The
supermarket
offers
a
wide
range
of
fresh
fruit
and
vegetables
.
•
Our
school
library
has
an
impressive
range
of
science
books
.
Our
school
library
has
an
impressive
range
of
science
books
.
From
Old
French
‘
rangier
’
meaning
‘
to
arrange
in
a
row
’,
later
took
on
the
idea
of
a
span
or
extent
.
noun
the
maximum
distance
that
something
such
as
a
vehicle
,
weapon
,
or
signal
can
reach
•
This
electric
car
has
a
driving
range
of
about
400
kilometers
on
one
charge
.
This
electric
car
has
a
driving
range
of
about
400
kilometers
on
one
charge
.
•
The
walkie-talkies
work
within
a
range
of
five
kilometers
.
The
walkie-talkies
work
within
a
range
of
five
kilometers
.
noun
a
place
where
people
practice
shooting
guns
,
arrows
,
or
other
weapons
at
targets
•
She
goes
to
the
shooting
range
every
weekend
to
improve
her
aim
.
She
goes
to
the
shooting
range
every
weekend
to
improve
her
aim
.
•
The
archery
club
built
a
new
outdoor
range
near
the
river
.
The
archery
club
built
a
new
outdoor
range
near
the
river
.
verb
-
range
,
ranging
,
ranges
,
ranged
to
vary
between
two
particular
limits
•
Tickets
range
from
ten
to
fifty
dollars
.
Tickets
range
from
ten
to
fifty
dollars
.
•
Temperatures
here
range
between
-5°C
and
15°C
in
winter
.
Temperatures
here
range
between
-5°C
and
15°C
in
winter
.
noun
the
distance
within
which
something
can
reach
,
be
seen
,
heard
,
or
shot
•
The
walkie-talkies
have
a
range
of
about
five
kilometers
.
The
walkie-talkies
have
a
range
of
about
five
kilometers
.
•
Please
stay
within
Wi-Fi
range
or
your
laptop
will
disconnect
.
Please
stay
within
Wi-Fi
range
or
your
laptop
will
disconnect
.
Early
17th-century
use
extended
from
the
idea
of
“
row
or
line
”
to
“
line
that
a
missile
can
travel
”.
noun
a
large
area
of
open
land
for
grazing
animals
or
for
practicing
shooting
•
Cowboys
herded
cattle
across
the
open
range
for
days
.
Cowboys
herded
cattle
across
the
open
range
for
days
.
•
We
practiced
shooting
at
the
firing
range
on
Saturday
.
We
practiced
shooting
at
the
firing
range
on
Saturday
.
Originally
meaning
"
row
",
later
"
extent
of
open
land
"
in
18th-century
American
frontier
usage
.
verb
-
range
,
ranging
,
ranges
,
ranged
to
vary
between
two
limits
or
amounts
•
Temperatures
range
from
−10°C
to
5°C
in
winter
.
Temperatures
range
from
−10°C
to
5°C
in
winter
.
•
Prices
range
between
fifty
and
two
hundred
dollars
.
Prices
range
between
fifty
and
two
hundred
dollars
.
From
Old
French
'ranger'
"
to
arrange
,
set
in
a
row
",
later
developing
the
sense
of
movement
within
limits
.
noun
large
open
grassland
where
cattle
or
other
animals
can
graze
freely
•
Cowboys
drove
the
cattle
across
the
open
range
before
winter
.
Cowboys
drove
the
cattle
across
the
open
range
before
winter
.
•
Wild
horses
still
live
on
the
range
in
some
western
states
.
Wild
horses
still
live
on
the
range
in
some
western
states
.
noun
a
large
piece
of
kitchen
equipment
with
burners
and
usually
an
oven
for
cooking
food
•
The
chef
prefers
using
a
gas
range
because
it
heats
up
quickly
.
The
chef
prefers
using
a
gas
range
because
it
heats
up
quickly
.
•
We
replaced
our
old
electric
range
with
a
modern
induction
model
.
We
replaced
our
old
electric
range
with
a
modern
induction
model
.
noun
a
line
or
group
of
mountains
or
hills
•
The
Andes
are
the
longest
mountain
range
in
the
world
.
The
Andes
are
the
longest
mountain
range
in
the
world
.
•
A
narrow
valley
separates
the
two
ranges
.
A
narrow
valley
separates
the
two
ranges
.
verb
-
range
,
ranging
,
ranges
,
ranged
to
arrange
things
or
people
in
a
particular
order
or
position
•
The
teacher
ranged
the
desks
in
neat
rows
before
class
began
.
The
teacher
ranged
the
desks
in
neat
rows
before
class
began
.
•
Books
are
ranged
alphabetically
on
the
shelf
.
Books
are
ranged
alphabetically
on
the
shelf
.
verb
-
range
,
ranging
,
ranges
,
ranged
to
place
people
or
things
in
a
particular
order
or
position
•
The
librarian
ranged
the
new
books
alphabetically
on
the
shelf
.
The
librarian
ranged
the
new
books
alphabetically
on
the
shelf
.
•
Soldiers
ranged
themselves
in
a
straight
line
on
the
parade
ground
.
Soldiers
ranged
themselves
in
a
straight
line
on
the
parade
ground
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
'ranger'
meaning
“
to
arrange
in
ranks
”.
rank
noun
-
rank
,
ranking
,
ranks
,
ranked
,
ranker
,
rankest
,
rankly
,
ranklier
,
rankliest
the
level
or
position
someone
has
in
an
organization
,
group
,
or
society
compared
to
others
•
After
ten
years
in
the
army
,
Maria
was
promoted
to
the
rank
of
captain
.
After
ten
years
in
the
army
,
Maria
was
promoted
to
the
rank
of
captain
.
•
In
chess
,
a
grandmaster
holds
a
very
high
rank
among
players
worldwide
.
In
chess
,
a
grandmaster
holds
a
very
high
rank
among
players
worldwide
.
verb
-
rank
,
ranking
,
ranks
,
ranked
,
ranker
,
rankest
,
rankly
,
ranklier
,
rankliest
to
arrange
people
or
things
in
order
of
importance
,
quality
,
or
number
,
or
to
have
a
particular
position
in
such
an
order
•
Our
school
ranks
third
in
the
national
math
contest
results
.
Our
school
ranks
third
in
the
national
math
contest
results
.
•
Please
rank
the
photos
from
your
favorite
to
least
favorite
.
Please
rank
the
photos
from
your
favorite
to
least
favorite
.
adjective
-
rank
,
ranking
,
ranks
,
ranked
,
ranker
,
rankest
,
rankly
,
ranklier
,
rankliest
smelling
or
tasting
very
strong
and
unpleasant
•
The
garbage
bin
was
rank
after
sitting
in
the
sun
all
week
.
The
garbage
bin
was
rank
after
sitting
in
the
sun
all
week
.
•
She
opened
the
fridge
and
a
rank
odor
filled
the
kitchen
.
She
opened
the
fridge
and
a
rank
odor
filled
the
kitchen
.
adjective
-
rank
,
ranking
,
ranks
,
ranked
,
ranker
,
rankest
,
rankly
,
ranklier
,
rankliest
growing
too
thickly
and
quickly
,
often
in
an
untidy
or
wild
way
•
Weeds
grew
rank
around
the
abandoned
house
.
Weeds
grew
rank
around
the
abandoned
house
.
•
The
garden
became
a
jungle
of
rank
grass
during
the
rainy
season
.
The
garden
became
a
jungle
of
rank
grass
during
the
rainy
season
.
random
adjective
without
any
plan
,
order
,
or
pattern
;
happening
or
chosen
by
chance
•
The
teacher
picked
a
random
student
to
answer
the
question
.
The
teacher
picked
a
random
student
to
answer
the
question
.
•
We
chose
a
random
number
between
one
and
ten
.
We
chose
a
random
number
between
one
and
ten
.
From
Middle
French
random
“
speed
,
rush
,”
from
Old
French
randon
“
force
,
impetuosity
,”
of
Germanic
origin
related
to
“
run
.”
adjective
strange
or
unexpected
,
with
no
clear
connection
to
what
is
happening
•
It
was
so
random
when
it
started
snowing
in
July
.
It
was
so
random
when
it
started
snowing
in
July
.
•
A
random
dog
followed
me
all
the
way
home
.
A
random
dog
followed
me
all
the
way
home
.
noun
a
person
who
is
not
known
or
not
part
of
a
group
•
A
random
bumped
into
me
and
asked
for
directions
.
A
random
bumped
into
me
and
asked
for
directions
.
•
We
don't
let
randoms
into
the
private
chat
.
We
don't
let
randoms
into
the
private
chat
.
run
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
move
quickly
on
foot
by
lifting
each
foot
off
the
ground
in
turn
so
that
both
feet
are
in
the
air
at
once
•
Every
morning
,
Maria
likes
to
run
around
the
park
before
breakfast
.
Every
morning
,
Maria
likes
to
run
around
the
park
before
breakfast
.
•
The
dog
ran
after
the
ball
with
its
tail
wagging
.
The
dog
ran
after
the
ball
with
its
tail
wagging
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
move
quickly
on
foot
so
that
both
feet
leave
the
ground
between
steps
•
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
run
around
the
playground
.
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
run
around
the
playground
.
•
He
ran
to
catch
the
bus
before
it
left
.
He
ran
to
catch
the
bus
before
it
left
.
Old
English
‘
rinnan
,
irnan
’
meaning
‘
to
flow
,
run
’
later
merged
with
Old
Norse
‘
renna
’.
noun
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
an
act
or
period
of
running
for
exercise
,
recreation
,
or
travel
•
I
go
for
a
five-kilometer
run
every
morning
.
I
go
for
a
five-kilometer
run
every
morning
.
•
After
a
quick
run
to
the
store
,
she
started
cooking
.
After
a
quick
run
to
the
store
,
she
started
cooking
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
work
,
operate
,
or
go
as
planned
without
stopping
•
The
washing
machine
runs
quietly
while
we
eat
dinner
.
The
washing
machine
runs
quietly
while
we
eat
dinner
.
•
Does
your
computer
run
all
night
without
problems
?
Does
your
computer
run
all
night
without
problems
?
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
be
in
charge
of
,
organize
,
or
direct
something
such
as
a
business
,
event
,
or
activity
•
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
•
He
ran
the
project
until
it
was
finished
.
He
ran
the
project
until
it
was
finished
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
make
a
machine
,
program
,
or
system
work
or
operate
•
Just
press
this
button
to
run
the
washing
machine
.
Just
press
this
button
to
run
the
washing
machine
.
•
The
computer
has
been
running
all
night
.
The
computer
has
been
running
all
night
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
(
of
liquid
)
to
flow
or
move
in
a
continuous
stream
•
Tears
ran
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Tears
ran
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
•
Water
is
running
from
the
tap
—
turn
it
off
!
Water
is
running
from
the
tap
—
turn
it
off
!
noun
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
a
continuous
series
or
period
of
similar
events
,
often
of
success
or
failure
•
The
team
is
on
a
six-game
winning
run
.
The
team
is
on
a
six-game
winning
run
.
•
The
play
had
a
long
run
on
Broadway
.
The
play
had
a
long
run
on
Broadway
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
manage
,
control
,
or
be
in
charge
of
a
business
,
organization
,
or
activity
•
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
•
I
have
run
several
successful
projects
.
I
have
run
several
successful
projects
.
insurance
noun
-
insurance
an
agreement
in
which
you
pay
money
regularly
to
a
company
,
and
it
promises
to
pay
your
costs
if
something
bad
happens
,
such
as
an
accident
,
illness
,
or
theft
•
After
the
storm
damaged
her
roof
,
Maria
was
glad
she
had
home
insurance
.
After
the
storm
damaged
her
roof
,
Maria
was
glad
she
had
home
insurance
.
•
It's
illegal
to
drive
without
car
insurance
in
many
countries
.
It's
illegal
to
drive
without
car
insurance
in
many
countries
.
Late
17th
century
:
from
insure
+
-ance
,
modeled
on
assurance
.
noun
-
insurance
the
industry
or
business
of
selling
insurance
and
managing
risk
•
She
built
a
successful
career
in
insurance
after
finishing
her
economics
degree
.
She
built
a
successful
career
in
insurance
after
finishing
her
economics
degree
.
•
Insurance
employs
thousands
of
actuaries
who
calculate
probabilities
.
Insurance
employs
thousands
of
actuaries
who
calculate
probabilities
.
Derived
from
the
primary
sense
referring
to
the
contract
,
later
extended
to
the
business
as
a
whole
.
noun
-
insurance
something
you
do
,
keep
,
or
use
as
a
precaution
to
protect
yourself
against
possible
future
loss
or
trouble
•
He
kept
copies
of
important
documents
as
insurance
in
case
the
originals
got
lost
.
He
kept
copies
of
important
documents
as
insurance
in
case
the
originals
got
lost
.
•
Carrying
an
umbrella
is
good
insurance
against
sudden
rain
.
Carrying
an
umbrella
is
good
insurance
against
sudden
rain
.
Figurative
use
developed
from
the
main
sense
of
financial
protection
.
drink
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
to
take
a
liquid
into
your
mouth
and
swallow
it
•
Remember
to
drink
plenty
of
water
during
the
hike
.
Remember
to
drink
plenty
of
water
during
the
hike
.
•
She
drank
hot
tea
while
reading
her
book
by
the
window
.
She
drank
hot
tea
while
reading
her
book
by
the
window
.
Old
English
drincan
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*drinkanan
,
related
to
German
trinken
and
Dutch
drinken
.
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
to
take
liquid
into
your
mouth
and
swallow
it
•
I
always
drink
a
glass
of
milk
before
bed
.
I
always
drink
a
glass
of
milk
before
bed
.
•
She
is
drinking
lemonade
by
the
pool
.
She
is
drinking
lemonade
by
the
pool
.
From
Old
English
“
drincan
”,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
“
trinken
”.
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
to
consume
alcoholic
beverages
,
often
regularly
•
Jim
drinks
every
night
after
work
.
Jim
drinks
every
night
after
work
.
•
She
promised
she
would
stop
drinking
once
the
baby
arrived
.
She
promised
she
would
stop
drinking
once
the
baby
arrived
.
Specialized
from
the
general
verb
sense
;
the
idea
of
drinking
alcohol
became
common
in
the
14th
century
.
spring
verb
-
spring
,
springing
,
springs
,
sprang
,
sprung
to
move
or
jump
suddenly
and
quickly
•
The
cat
sprang
onto
the
windowsill
to
watch
the
birds
outside
.
The
cat
sprang
onto
the
windowsill
to
watch
the
birds
outside
.
•
When
the
alarm
rang
,
the
firefighters
sprung
into
action
.
When
the
alarm
rang
,
the
firefighters
sprung
into
action
.
restaurant
noun
A
place
where
people
pay
to
have
meals
cooked
and
served
to
them
.
•
After
the
movie
,
we
decided
to
eat
at
the
new
Italian
restaurant
downtown
.
After
the
movie
,
we
decided
to
eat
at
the
new
Italian
restaurant
downtown
.
•
She
works
as
a
chef
in
a
five-star
restaurant
overlooking
the
sea
.
She
works
as
a
chef
in
a
five-star
restaurant
overlooking
the
sea
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
19th
century
from
French
“
restaurant
,”
originally
the
present
participle
of
“
restaurer
,”
meaning
“
to
restore
,”
because
the
broth
served
in
early
Paris
eateries
was
said
to
restore
health
.
strange
adjective
-
strange
,
stranger
,
strangest
unusual
or
unexpected
,
often
making
you
feel
curious
,
surprised
,
or
slightly
worried
•
A
strange
humming
sound
came
from
the
old
refrigerator
late
at
night
.
A
strange
humming
sound
came
from
the
old
refrigerator
late
at
night
.
•
The
movie
had
a
strange
ending
that
nobody
in
the
audience
expected
.
The
movie
had
a
strange
ending
that
nobody
in
the
audience
expected
.
From
Middle
English
straunge
,
from
Old
French
estrange
,
from
Latin
extrāneus
meaning
‘
external
,
foreign
’.
adjective
-
strange
,
stranger
,
strangest
not
familiar
or
known
to
you
;
new
and
different
in
a
way
you
have
not
experienced
before
•
Everything
looked
strange
on
her
first
morning
in
the
foreign
city
.
Everything
looked
strange
on
her
first
morning
in
the
foreign
city
.
•
The
toddler
hid
behind
his
mother
when
he
saw
the
strange
man
at
the
door
.
The
toddler
hid
behind
his
mother
when
he
saw
the
strange
man
at
the
door
.
adverb
(
dialect
,
dated
)
very
;
extremely
•
“
I
’
m
strange
glad
you
came
,”
the
old
farmer
told
his
neighbors
.
“
I
’
m
strange
glad
you
came
,”
the
old
farmer
told
his
neighbors
.
•
She
was
strange
tired
after
working
in
the
fields
all
day
.
She
was
strange
tired
after
working
in
the
fields
all
day
.
grand
adjective
-
grand
,
grander
,
grandest
(
informal
,
chiefly
Irish
&
British
)
very
good
;
excellent
•
“
How
are
you
?” “
I
’
m
grand
,
thanks
for
asking
!”
“
How
are
you
?” “
I
’
m
grand
,
thanks
for
asking
!”
•
The
kids
were
grand
playing
in
the
garden
all
afternoon
.
The
kids
were
grand
playing
in
the
garden
all
afternoon
.
adjective
-
grand
,
grander
,
grandest
large
and
impressive
in
appearance
,
size
,
or
style
•
The
hotel
lobby
had
a
grand
marble
staircase
that
took
everyone
’
s
breath
away
.
The
hotel
lobby
had
a
grand
marble
staircase
that
took
everyone
’
s
breath
away
.
•
They
held
the
wedding
in
a
grand
ballroom
filled
with
chandeliers
and
fresh
flowers
.
They
held
the
wedding
in
a
grand
ballroom
filled
with
chandeliers
and
fresh
flowers
.
From
Old
French
grand
,
grant
“
large
,
tall
,”
from
Latin
grandis
“
big
,
great
.”
adjective
-
grand
,
grander
,
grandest
important
,
ambitious
,
or
intended
on
a
large
scale
•
The
scientist
outlined
a
grand
vision
for
ending
world
hunger
.
The
scientist
outlined
a
grand
vision
for
ending
world
hunger
.
•
Her
grand
idea
was
to
build
a
school
in
every
remote
village
.
Her
grand
idea
was
to
build
a
school
in
every
remote
village
.
noun
-
grand
(
slang
)
a
thousand
dollars
,
pounds
,
or
other
units
of
currency
•
He
bought
the
used
car
for
five
grand
.
He
bought
the
used
car
for
five
grand
.
•
The
prize
money
was
ten
grand
for
the
first-place
winner
.
The
prize
money
was
ten
grand
for
the
first-place
winner
.
Originated
in
1910s
American
slang
,
possibly
from
the
notion
of
a
“
grand
”
sum
being
large
and
impressive
.
ring
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
to
make
a
telephone
call
to
someone
•
I'll
ring
you
tomorrow
with
the
details
.
I'll
ring
you
tomorrow
with
the
details
.
•
She
rang
her
mother
as
soon
as
she
landed
.
She
rang
her
mother
as
soon
as
she
landed
.
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
to
make
a
clear
,
bell-like
sound
•
The
doorbell
rings
every
time
someone
enters
.
The
doorbell
rings
every
time
someone
enters
.
•
Church
bells
rang
at
noon
.
Church
bells
rang
at
noon
.
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
(
of
a
bell
,
alarm
,
or
phone
)
to
make
a
clear
,
resonant
sound
.
•
Please
wait
until
the
bell
rings
before
entering
the
classroom
.
Please
wait
until
the
bell
rings
before
entering
the
classroom
.
•
The
church
bell
rang
loudly
at
noon
.
The
church
bell
rang
loudly
at
noon
.
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
to
telephone
someone
.
•
I'll
ring
you
later
to
discuss
the
plan
.
I'll
ring
you
later
to
discuss
the
plan
.
•
Could
you
ring
the
doctor
and
make
an
appointment
?
Could
you
ring
the
doctor
and
make
an
appointment
?
grant
verb
to
officially
give
someone
what
they
ask
for
,
or
allow
them
to
do
something
•
The
city
council
finally
granted
permission
for
the
new
playground
.
The
city
council
finally
granted
permission
for
the
new
playground
.
•
After
months
of
paperwork
,
the
bank
granted
her
the
loan
for
her
first
home
.
After
months
of
paperwork
,
the
bank
granted
her
the
loan
for
her
first
home
.
verb
to
admit
that
something
is
true
,
often
unwillingly
•
I
grant
that
the
plan
is
risky
,
but
it
might
work
.
I
grant
that
the
plan
is
risky
,
but
it
might
work
.
•
She
reluctantly
granted
that
he
had
a
point
during
the
debate
.
She
reluctantly
granted
that
he
had
a
point
during
the
debate
.
noun
an
amount
of
money
given
by
a
government
or
other
organization
for
a
particular
purpose
•
Maya
won
a
research
grant
to
study
sea
turtles
in
Costa
Rica
.
Maya
won
a
research
grant
to
study
sea
turtles
in
Costa
Rica
.
•
Their
community
center
runs
art
classes
thanks
to
a
government
grant
.
Their
community
center
runs
art
classes
thanks
to
a
government
grant
.
appearance
noun
the
way
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
looks
to
other
people
•
Lena
changed
her
appearance
by
cutting
her
long
hair
into
a
short
bob
.
Lena
changed
her
appearance
by
cutting
her
long
hair
into
a
short
bob
.
•
The
old
library
’
s
dusty
shelves
hide
its
grand
appearance
from
the
street
.
The
old
library
’
s
dusty
shelves
hide
its
grand
appearance
from
the
street
.
From
Middle
French
apparence
,
from
Latin
apparentia
‘
being
visible
’,
from
apparēre
‘
to
appear
’.
noun
the
act
of
becoming
visible
or
of
arriving
where
people
can
see
you
•
Everyone
cheered
at
the
sudden
appearance
of
a
rainbow
after
the
storm
.
Everyone
cheered
at
the
sudden
appearance
of
a
rainbow
after
the
storm
.
•
The
famous
actor
’
s
first
appearance
on
stage
lasted
only
a
minute
,
but
the
audience
loved
it
.
The
famous
actor
’
s
first
appearance
on
stage
lasted
only
a
minute
,
but
the
audience
loved
it
.
noun
the
impression
something
gives
,
which
may
hide
the
truth
•
The
deal
seemed
fair
,
but
that
was
only
the
appearance
of
honesty
.
The
deal
seemed
fair
,
but
that
was
only
the
appearance
of
honesty
.
•
She
kept
up
the
appearance
of
confidence
even
though
she
was
nervous
.
She
kept
up
the
appearance
of
confidence
even
though
she
was
nervous
.
noun
a
short
public
performance
,
visit
,
or
interview
by
a
well-known
person
•
The
singer
’
s
surprise
appearance
on
the
morning
show
boosted
ratings
.
The
singer
’
s
surprise
appearance
on
the
morning
show
boosted
ratings
.
•
She
donated
her
fee
from
the
store
appearance
to
charity
.
She
donated
her
fee
from
the
store
appearance
to
charity
.
noun
the
act
of
a
lawyer
or
party
formally
attending
court
in
a
legal
case
•
The
defendant
’
s
first
appearance
before
the
judge
was
brief
.
The
defendant
’
s
first
appearance
before
the
judge
was
brief
.
•
Failing
to
make
an
appearance
can
lead
to
a
default
judgment
.
Failing
to
make
an
appearance
can
lead
to
a
default
judgment
.
branch
noun
-
branch
,
branches
a
part
of
a
tree
that
grows
out
from
the
trunk
or
from
another
branch
•
A
squirrel
raced
along
a
branch
looking
for
acorns
.
A
squirrel
raced
along
a
branch
looking
for
acorns
.
•
We
hung
a
tire
swing
from
the
strongest
branch
of
the
maple
tree
.
We
hung
a
tire
swing
from
the
strongest
branch
of
the
maple
tree
.
noun
-
branch
,
branches
a
local
office
,
shop
,
or
other
subdivision
of
a
larger
organization
•
I
opened
an
account
at
the
new
branch
of
the
bank
downtown
.
I
opened
an
account
at
the
new
branch
of
the
bank
downtown
.
•
The
company
’
s
London
branch
employs
fifty
people
.
The
company
’
s
London
branch
employs
fifty
people
.
verb
-
branch
,
branching
,
branches
,
branched
to
divide
or
spread
out
from
a
main
part
into
smaller
parts
or
directions
•
The
path
branches
off
toward
the
lake
.
The
path
branches
off
toward
the
lake
.
•
Small
veins
branch
from
the
main
artery
inside
the
diagram
.
Small
veins
branch
from
the
main
artery
inside
the
diagram
.
noun
-
branch
,
branches
a
smaller
specialized
part
of
a
larger
field
,
family
,
or
system
•
Genetics
is
a
branch
of
biology
.
Genetics
is
a
branch
of
biology
.
•
One
branch
of
my
family
moved
to
Canada
in
the
1950s
.
One
branch
of
my
family
moved
to
Canada
in
the
1950s
.
noun
-
branch
,
branches
a
smaller
stream
,
road
,
or
line
that
separates
from
a
main
one
•
We
paddled
down
a
quiet
branch
of
the
river
.
We
paddled
down
a
quiet
branch
of
the
river
.
•
Take
the
left
branch
of
the
trail
to
reach
the
waterfall
.
Take
the
left
branch
of
the
trail
to
reach
the
waterfall
.
brand
noun
a
name
,
design
,
or
symbol
that
identifies
a
product
or
company
and
makes
it
different
from
others
•
Everyone
recognizes
the
Coca-Cola
brand
by
its
red
label
.
Everyone
recognizes
the
Coca-Cola
brand
by
its
red
label
.
•
The
company
is
investing
heavily
to
make
its
brand
more
appealing
to
teenagers
.
The
company
is
investing
heavily
to
make
its
brand
more
appealing
to
teenagers
.
From
Old
English
‘
brand
’
meaning
‘
torch
’
or
‘
burning
piece
of
wood
’,
later
extended
to
‘
mark
made
by
burning
’
and
then
to
‘
trademark
’.
noun
a
mark
burned
into
the
skin
of
an
animal
or
person
to
show
ownership
,
identity
,
or
punishment
•
Each
ranch
has
its
own
unique
brand
to
identify
its
cattle
.
Each
ranch
has
its
own
unique
brand
to
identify
its
cattle
.
•
The
old
cowboy
showed
the
faded
brand
on
the
steer
’
s
flank
.
The
old
cowboy
showed
the
faded
brand
on
the
steer
’
s
flank
.
Sense
extended
from
the
action
of
burning
with
a
‘
brand
’ (
torch
)
to
the
resulting
mark
.
noun
a
particular
kind
,
style
,
or
variety
of
something
•
She
has
her
own
brand
of
humor
that
not
everyone
understands
.
She
has
her
own
brand
of
humor
that
not
everyone
understands
.
•
The
coach
encourages
a
fast
brand
of
basketball
.
The
coach
encourages
a
fast
brand
of
basketball
.
Figurative
extension
of
‘
brand
’
from
a
distinctive
mark
to
a
distinctive
kind
.
verb
to
create
or
promote
a
distinctive
name
,
image
,
or
identity
for
a
product
,
company
,
or
person
•
The
agency
will
brand
the
new
smartphone
as
eco-friendly
.
The
agency
will
brand
the
new
smartphone
as
eco-friendly
.
•
They
branded
the
festival
with
bold
colors
and
a
playful
font
.
They
branded
the
festival
with
bold
colors
and
a
playful
font
.
From
the
noun
sense
‘
brand
’
meaning
a
distinctive
mark
,
extended
to
the
act
of
creating
such
an
identity
in
marketing
.
verb
to
mark
an
animal
,
object
,
or
person
by
burning
a
design
into
the
skin
•
The
ranchers
brand
their
calves
in
spring
.
The
ranchers
brand
their
calves
in
spring
.
•
Centuries
ago
,
criminals
were
branded
on
the
hand
.
Centuries
ago
,
criminals
were
branded
on
the
hand
.
Old
practice
of
burning
ownership
marks
with
a
‘
brand
’ (
torch
)
on
livestock
and
criminals
.
immigrant
noun
a
person
who
moves
to
another
country
to
live
there
permanently
•
The
city
organized
a
welcome
fair
to
help
new
immigrant
families
settle
in
.
The
city
organized
a
welcome
fair
to
help
new
immigrant
families
settle
in
.
•
As
an
immigrant
,
Carlos
studies
English
every
evening
to
improve
his
job
prospects
.
As
an
immigrant
,
Carlos
studies
English
every
evening
to
improve
his
job
prospects
.
mid
18th
century
:
from
Latin
immigrans
,
immigrantis
‘
coming
in
’,
present
participle
of
immigrare
;
patterned
after
‘
emigrant
’.
transfer
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
a
person
or
physical
object
from
one
place
to
another
•
The
museum
will
transfer
the
ancient
vase
to
a
climate-controlled
room
tomorrow
.
The
museum
will
transfer
the
ancient
vase
to
a
climate-controlled
room
tomorrow
.
•
Please
transfer
the
boxes
from
the
truck
to
the
warehouse
before
it
rains
.
Please
transfer
the
boxes
from
the
truck
to
the
warehouse
before
it
rains
.
from
Latin
‘
transferre
’
meaning
‘
to
carry
across
’ (
trans
‘
across
’
+
ferre
‘
to
carry
’)
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
money
,
files
,
or
data
electronically
from
one
account
or
device
to
another
•
I
just
transfered
Wait
correct
:
I
just
transferred
the
photos
from
my
phone
to
my
laptop
.
I
just
transfered
Wait
correct
:
I
just
transferred
the
photos
from
my
phone
to
my
laptop
.
•
You
can
transfer
funds
to
another
bank
account
using
the
app
.
You
can
transfer
funds
to
another
bank
account
using
the
app
.
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
change
from
one
vehicle
,
route
,
or
form
of
transport
to
another
during
a
journey
•
We
have
to
transfer
at
Central
Station
to
catch
the
express
train
.
We
have
to
transfer
at
Central
Station
to
catch
the
express
train
.
•
Passengers
should
transfer
to
the
green
line
at
the
next
stop
.
Passengers
should
transfer
to
the
green
line
at
the
next
stop
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
moving
something
or
someone
from
one
place
,
position
,
or
ownership
to
another
•
The
hospital
arranged
a
transfer
of
the
patient
to
a
specialist
clinic
.
The
hospital
arranged
a
transfer
of
the
patient
to
a
specialist
clinic
.
•
Data
transfer
between
the
old
and
new
servers
will
happen
overnight
.
Data
transfer
between
the
old
and
new
servers
will
happen
overnight
.
noun
a
ticket
or
permission
that
lets
you
continue
a
journey
on
another
bus
,
train
,
or
line
without
paying
again
•
Ask
the
driver
for
a
transfer
if
you
need
to
catch
the
next
bus
.
Ask
the
driver
for
a
transfer
if
you
need
to
catch
the
next
bus
.
•
Your
subway
transfer
is
valid
for
ninety
minutes
.
Your
subway
transfer
is
valid
for
ninety
minutes
.
verb
-
transfer
,
transferring
,
transfers
,
transferred
to
move
to
a
different
job
,
school
,
team
,
or
department
within
an
organization
•
My
sister
hopes
to
transfer
to
the
company
’
s
Paris
office
next
year
.
My
sister
hopes
to
transfer
to
the
company
’
s
Paris
office
next
year
.
•
After
two
semesters
,
he
decided
to
transfer
to
a
university
closer
to
home
.
After
two
semesters
,
he
decided
to
transfer
to
a
university
closer
to
home
.
transform
verb
to
change
something
or
someone
completely
so
that
it
looks
,
works
,
or
behaves
in
a
very
different
and
often
better
way
•
The
new
paint
job
completely
transformed
the
living
room
.
The
new
paint
job
completely
transformed
the
living
room
.
•
Digital
technology
is
transforming
the
way
we
communicate
across
the
globe
.
Digital
technology
is
transforming
the
way
we
communicate
across
the
globe
.
From
Latin
trans-
“
across
”
+
formare
“
to
shape
.”
noun
a
mathematical
or
technical
operation
that
converts
one
set
of
numbers
,
signals
,
or
functions
into
another
form
to
make
them
easier
to
analyze
or
use
•
The
engineer
applied
a
Fourier
transform
to
filter
out
noise
from
the
signal
.
The
engineer
applied
a
Fourier
transform
to
filter
out
noise
from
the
signal
.
•
In
computer
graphics
,
the
rotation
transform
lifted
the
character
’
s
arm
upward
.
In
computer
graphics
,
the
rotation
transform
lifted
the
character
’
s
arm
upward
.
Shortened
form
of
transformation
,
first
used
in
mathematics
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
veteran
noun
a
person
who
has
served
in
a
country
’
s
armed
forces
,
especially
someone
who
fought
in
a
war
•
During
the
town
parade
,
a
proud
veteran
saluted
the
flag
as
it
passed
by
.
During
the
town
parade
,
a
proud
veteran
saluted
the
flag
as
it
passed
by
.
•
The
clinic
provides
free
medical
check-ups
for
every
war
veteran
in
the
county
.
The
clinic
provides
free
medical
check-ups
for
every
war
veteran
in
the
county
.
from
Latin
‘
veteranus
’
meaning
‘
old
,
experienced
’,
originally
describing
old
soldiers
in
the
Roman
army
adjective
relating
to
people
who
have
served
in
the
armed
forces
•
The
city
opened
a
new
veteran
hospital
near
the
downtown
area
.
The
city
opened
a
new
veteran
hospital
near
the
downtown
area
.
•
She
applied
for
a
scholarship
reserved
for
children
of
veteran
families
.
She
applied
for
a
scholarship
reserved
for
children
of
veteran
families
.
extension
of
the
military
noun
sense
to
describe
services
,
institutions
,
or
rights
for
former
soldiers
,
first
recorded
in
early
20th
century
U
.
S
.
usage
noun
someone
who
has
a
lot
of
experience
in
a
particular
job
,
activity
,
or
field
•
The
company
hired
a
marketing
veteran
to
lead
its
new
campaign
.
The
company
hired
a
marketing
veteran
to
lead
its
new
campaign
.
•
As
a
journalism
veteran
,
he
always
double-checks
his
sources
before
publishing
.
As
a
journalism
veteran
,
he
always
double-checks
his
sources
before
publishing
.
same
Latin
root
‘
veteranus
’;
later
broadened
in
English
to
mean
anyone
long
experienced
in
an
area
adjective
having
a
lot
of
experience
in
a
particular
activity
or
job
•
A
veteran
reporter
covered
the
complex
court
case
with
confidence
.
A
veteran
reporter
covered
the
complex
court
case
with
confidence
.
•
The
chef
relied
on
his
veteran
assistants
to
keep
the
kitchen
running
smoothly
.
The
chef
relied
on
his
veteran
assistants
to
keep
the
kitchen
running
smoothly
.
adjectival
use
evolved
from
the
noun
sense
in
15th-century
English
transition
noun
the
process
or
period
of
changing
from
one
state
,
condition
,
or
place
to
another
•
The
transition
from
winter
to
spring
brings
colorful
flowers
to
the
park
.
The
transition
from
winter
to
spring
brings
colorful
flowers
to
the
park
.
•
Our
school
is
helping
students
with
the
transition
to
online
classes
.
Our
school
is
helping
students
with
the
transition
to
online
classes
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
transitio
“
a
going
across
”.
verb
to
change
from
one
state
,
activity
,
or
place
to
another
•
After
graduation
,
she
transitioned
quickly
into
a
full-time
engineer
.
After
graduation
,
she
transitioned
quickly
into
a
full-time
engineer
.
•
The
conversation
smoothly
transitions
from
politics
to
sports
.
The
conversation
smoothly
transitions
from
politics
to
sports
.
noun
a
short
passage
or
visual
effect
that
smoothly
connects
two
parts
of
music
,
film
,
writing
,
or
other
media
•
The
director
used
a
fade-out
transition
to
show
the
passage
of
time
.
The
director
used
a
fade-out
transition
to
show
the
passage
of
time
.
•
A
smooth
key
change
provided
a
musical
transition
between
the
verses
.
A
smooth
key
change
provided
a
musical
transition
between
the
verses
.
noun
the
personal
,
social
,
and
sometimes
medical
process
by
which
a
transgender
person
begins
to
live
as
the
gender
with
which
they
identify
•
Alex
found
support
from
friends
during
his
gender
transition
.
Alex
found
support
from
friends
during
his
gender
transition
.
•
Her
doctor
explained
the
steps
involved
in
a
medical
transition
.
Her
doctor
explained
the
steps
involved
in
a
medical
transition
.
transportation
noun
-
transportation
the
act
or
process
of
moving
people
or
goods
from
one
place
to
another
•
Modern
transportation
allows
fresh
strawberries
to
reach
snowy
cities
in
the
middle
of
winter
.
Modern
transportation
allows
fresh
strawberries
to
reach
snowy
cities
in
the
middle
of
winter
.
•
The
company
specializes
in
the
safe
transportation
of
priceless
paintings
to
museums
worldwide
.
The
company
specializes
in
the
safe
transportation
of
priceless
paintings
to
museums
worldwide
.
From
Latin
‘
transportare
’
meaning
‘
to
carry
across
’,
developing
in
English
during
the
17th
century
for
the
act
of
carrying
goods
or
people
.
noun
-
transportation
the
system
,
method
,
or
vehicles
people
use
to
travel
from
place
to
place
•
During
the
strike
,
public
transportation
in
the
city
came
to
a
complete
halt
.
During
the
strike
,
public
transportation
in
the
city
came
to
a
complete
halt
.
•
A
bicycle
is
her
main
transportation
around
the
university
campus
.
A
bicycle
is
her
main
transportation
around
the
university
campus
.
noun
-
transportation
(
historical
)
the
punishment
of
sending
a
convicted
person
to
a
distant
penal
colony
•
In
the
18th
century
,
petty
thieves
risked
transportation
to
Australia
for
stealing
even
small
items
.
In
the
18th
century
,
petty
thieves
risked
transportation
to
Australia
for
stealing
even
small
items
.
•
Many
sentences
of
transportation
were
eventually
commuted
when
overcrowded
ships
could
not
sail
.
Many
sentences
of
transportation
were
eventually
commuted
when
overcrowded
ships
could
not
sail
.
First
used
in
English
criminal
law
in
the
early
1600s
;
formalized
by
the
Transportation
Act
of
1718
,
especially
referring
to
shipment
of
convicts
to
North
America
and
later
Australia
.
noun
-
transportation
(
literary
)
a
state
of
great
joy
or
excitement
that
seems
to
lift
someone
out
of
themselves
•
The
crowd
listened
in
silent
transportation
as
the
orchestra
reached
its
triumphant
finale
.
The
crowd
listened
in
silent
transportation
as
the
orchestra
reached
its
triumphant
finale
.
•
She
gazed
at
the
newborn
baby
with
a
look
of
pure
transportation
.
She
gazed
at
the
newborn
baby
with
a
look
of
pure
transportation
.
Borrowed
from
the
sense
of
‘
being
carried
away
’,
recorded
in
English
prose
and
poetry
since
the
1600s
.
stranger
noun
-
strange
,
stranger
,
strangest
a
person
you
do
not
know
•
A
stranger
asked
me
for
directions
on
the
street
.
A
stranger
asked
me
for
directions
on
the
street
.
•
Children
are
taught
not
to
talk
to
strangers
.
Children
are
taught
not
to
talk
to
strangers
.
From
Old
French
estrangeor
,
from
estrange
(“
foreign
,
unknown
”).
noun
-
strange
,
stranger
,
strangest
someone
who
is
not
familiar
with
a
place
,
group
,
or
situation
•
Being
a
stranger
in
a
new
city
can
be
exciting
and
scary
.
Being
a
stranger
in
a
new
city
can
be
exciting
and
scary
.
•
As
a
stranger
to
their
customs
,
he
watched
politely
.
As
a
stranger
to
their
customs
,
he
watched
politely
.
Extension
of
the
basic
meaning
'unknown
person'
to
include
unfamiliarity
with
environments
or
experiences
.
adjective
-
strange
,
stranger
,
strangest
more
unusual
or
surprising
than
something
else
•
Things
got
even
stranger
when
the
lights
turned
blue
.
Things
got
even
stranger
when
the
lights
turned
blue
.
•
The
story
became
stranger
with
each
chapter
.
The
story
became
stranger
with
each
chapter
.
Comparative
form
of
the
adjective
strange
.
grandmother
noun
the
mother
of
your
father
or
mother
.
•
My
grandmother
bakes
the
best
chocolate
chip
cookies
every
Sunday
.
My
grandmother
bakes
the
best
chocolate
chip
cookies
every
Sunday
.
•
Lucas
loves
listening
to
stories
about
the
past
that
his
grandmother
tells
him
before
bed
.
Lucas
loves
listening
to
stories
about
the
past
that
his
grandmother
tells
him
before
bed
.
guarantee
noun
a
written
or
spoken
promise
,
especially
that
a
product
will
be
repaired
,
replaced
,
or
money
returned
if
it
is
not
satisfactory
•
The
washing
machine
comes
with
a
two-year
guarantee
against
mechanical
faults
.
The
washing
machine
comes
with
a
two-year
guarantee
against
mechanical
faults
.
•
Keep
the
receipt
as
proof
of
the
guarantee
.
Keep
the
receipt
as
proof
of
the
guarantee
.
Late
17th
century
from
Spanish
‘
garantía
’,
based
on
French
‘
garant
’
meaning
‘
guarantor
’.
verb
-
guarantee
,
guaranteeing
,
guarantees
,
guaranteed
to
promise
or
make
certain
that
something
will
happen
or
be
of
a
particular
standard
•
We
guarantee
delivery
within
24
hours
.
We
guarantee
delivery
within
24
hours
.
•
The
new
brakes
guarantee
shorter
stopping
distances
.
The
new
brakes
guarantee
shorter
stopping
distances
.
noun
something
that
makes
an
event
or
result
certain
or
very
likely
•
Hard
work
is
the
best
guarantee
of
success
.
Hard
work
is
the
best
guarantee
of
success
.
•
A
good
night's
sleep
is
no
guarantee
that
you
will
win
the
race
.
A
good
night's
sleep
is
no
guarantee
that
you
will
win
the
race
.
arrange
verb
-
arrange
,
arranging
,
arranges
,
arranged
to
put
things
in
a
planned
or
neat
order
or
position
•
She
arranged
the
flowers
in
a
bright
ceramic
vase
.
She
arranged
the
flowers
in
a
bright
ceramic
vase
.
•
The
librarian
arranged
the
books
by
size
on
the
shelf
.
The
librarian
arranged
the
books
by
size
on
the
shelf
.
From
Old
French
arranger
,
from
Medieval
Latin
arrangiare
“
put
in
order
.”
verb
-
arrange
,
arranging
,
arranges
,
arranged
to
plan
and
organize
something
so
it
happens
at
a
chosen
time
or
in
a
chosen
way
•
I
will
arrange
a
taxi
to
pick
you
up
at
dawn
.
I
will
arrange
a
taxi
to
pick
you
up
at
dawn
.
•
The
teacher
arranged
for
the
class
to
visit
the
science
museum
.
The
teacher
arranged
for
the
class
to
visit
the
science
museum
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
French
arranger
.
verb
-
arrange
,
arranging
,
arranges
,
arranged
to
adapt
a
piece
of
music
so
it
can
be
performed
by
different
voices
or
instruments
•
The
composer
arranged
the
folk
tune
for
string
quartet
.
The
composer
arranged
the
folk
tune
for
string
quartet
.
•
She
enjoys
arranging
pop
songs
for
solo
piano
.
She
enjoys
arranging
pop
songs
for
solo
piano
.
Musical
sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
from
the
general
meaning
“
put
in
order
.”
translate
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
change
spoken
or
written
words
from
one
language
into
another
•
Maria
translated
the
Spanish
poem
into
English
for
her
classmates
.
Maria
translated
the
Spanish
poem
into
English
for
her
classmates
.
•
The
tour
guide
translates
every
announcement
so
foreign
visitors
can
understand
.
The
tour
guide
translates
every
announcement
so
foreign
visitors
can
understand
.
from
Latin
“
translatus
” (
carried
over
,
transferred
),
past
participle
of
“
transferre
”
meaning
“
to
carry
across
”.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
change
something
into
a
different
form
or
make
it
happen
in
a
new
way
•
The
engineer
translated
the
sketch
into
a
3-D
computer
model
.
The
engineer
translated
the
sketch
into
a
3-D
computer
model
.
•
Hard
work
translates
his
ideas
into
real
results
.
Hard
work
translates
his
ideas
into
real
results
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
be
understood
,
effective
,
or
suitable
when
expressed
in
another
language
or
medium
•
His
dry
humor
doesn't
translate
well
on
social
media
.
His
dry
humor
doesn't
translate
well
on
social
media
.
•
The
idiom
translated
poorly
into
French
and
confused
the
students
.
The
idiom
translated
poorly
into
French
and
confused
the
students
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
(
mathematics
)
to
move
a
shape
,
graph
,
or
object
a
certain
distance
in
a
given
direction
without
rotating
it
•
If
you
translate
the
triangle
three
units
to
the
right
,
its
shape
stays
the
same
.
If
you
translate
the
triangle
three
units
to
the
right
,
its
shape
stays
the
same
.
•
The
animation
software
translates
the
character
upward
before
the
jump
.
The
animation
software
translates
the
character
upward
before
the
jump
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
(
biology
)
to
build
a
protein
by
reading
the
genetic
code
carried
by
messenger
RNA
•
Ribosomes
translate
mRNA
sequences
into
chains
of
amino
acids
.
Ribosomes
translate
mRNA
sequences
into
chains
of
amino
acids
.
•
Inside
the
cell
,
the
virus
translates
its
genes
using
the
host
machinery
.
Inside
the
cell
,
the
virus
translates
its
genes
using
the
host
machinery
.
arrangement
noun
plans
and
preparations
you
make
so
that
something
can
happen
later
•
We
made
all
the
travel
arrangements
weeks
before
the
holiday
.
We
made
all
the
travel
arrangements
weeks
before
the
holiday
.
•
The
school
handled
the
seating
arrangements
for
the
graduation
ceremony
.
The
school
handled
the
seating
arrangements
for
the
graduation
ceremony
.
From
arrange
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
early
18th
century
.
noun
the
way
things
are
placed
or
organized
,
or
a
collection
of
items
put
in
a
particular
order
or
pattern
•
The
florist
created
a
beautiful
flower
arrangement
for
the
wedding
.
The
florist
created
a
beautiful
flower
arrangement
for
the
wedding
.
•
I
like
the
furniture
arrangement
in
this
living
room
;
it
feels
open
and
welcoming
.
I
like
the
furniture
arrangement
in
this
living
room
;
it
feels
open
and
welcoming
.
noun
an
agreement
or
understanding
between
people
about
what
they
will
do
or
how
something
will
be
handled
•
After
some
discussion
,
they
reached
an
arrangement
on
the
monthly
rent
.
After
some
discussion
,
they
reached
an
arrangement
on
the
monthly
rent
.
•
The
divorce
was
peaceful
because
a
financial
arrangement
had
been
settled
in
advance
.
The
divorce
was
peaceful
because
a
financial
arrangement
had
been
settled
in
advance
.
noun
a
piece
of
music
that
has
been
changed
so
it
can
be
performed
by
different
instruments
or
in
a
new
style
•
The
jazz
trio
played
an
upbeat
arrangement
of
a
classic
folk
song
.
The
jazz
trio
played
an
upbeat
arrangement
of
a
classic
folk
song
.
•
This
orchestral
arrangement
adds
horns
and
strings
to
the
original
piano
piece
.
This
orchestral
arrangement
adds
horns
and
strings
to
the
original
piano
piece
.
drunk
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
drink
”
•
He
had
drunk
all
the
milk
before
breakfast
.
He
had
drunk
all
the
milk
before
breakfast
.
•
By
the
end
of
the
hike
,
they
had
drunk
every
drop
of
water
they
brought
.
By
the
end
of
the
hike
,
they
had
drunk
every
drop
of
water
they
brought
.
grandfather
noun
the
father
of
your
father
or
mother
•
My
grandfather
taught
me
how
to
fish
at
the
lake
every
summer
.
My
grandfather
taught
me
how
to
fish
at
the
lake
every
summer
.
•
After
the
war
,
her
grandfather
built
the
small
house
where
she
lives
now
.
After
the
war
,
her
grandfather
built
the
small
house
where
she
lives
now
.
From
grand
+
father
;
recorded
in
English
since
the
early
15th
century
.
verb
to
allow
someone
or
something
to
continue
under
an
old
rule
while
new
rules
apply
to
others
•
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
•
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
via
the
legal
term
“
grandfather
clause
”
in
late
19th-century
American
legislation
.
orange
noun
a
round
citrus
fruit
with
a
thick
orange-colored
rind
and
sweet
,
juicy
flesh
•
She
peeled
an
orange
and
shared
the
slices
with
her
classmates
.
She
peeled
an
orange
and
shared
the
slices
with
her
classmates
.
•
A
young
boy
balanced
an
orange
on
his
head
while
making
his
friends
laugh
at
the
picnic
.
A
young
boy
balanced
an
orange
on
his
head
while
making
his
friends
laugh
at
the
picnic
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
pomme
d
’
orange
’,
from
Arabic
‘
nāranj
’,
from
Persian
‘
nārang
’,
ultimately
from
Sanskrit
‘
nāraṅga
’
meaning
‘
orange
tree
’.
noun
-
orange
the
bright
colour
that
is
between
red
and
yellow
in
the
rainbow
•
The
sunset
filled
the
sky
with
deep
orange
.
The
sunset
filled
the
sky
with
deep
orange
.
•
She
knitted
a
scarf
in
bright
orange
to
match
the
autumn
leaves
.
She
knitted
a
scarf
in
bright
orange
to
match
the
autumn
leaves
.
Named
after
the
fruit
;
the
colour
term
was
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
16th
century
,
replacing
earlier
‘
geoluhread
’ (
yellow-red
).
adjective
having
the
colour
orange
•
He
rode
an
orange
bicycle
that
stood
out
on
the
grey
street
.
He
rode
an
orange
bicycle
that
stood
out
on
the
grey
street
.
•
The
kitchen
walls
were
painted
orange
to
create
a
warm
feeling
.
The
kitchen
walls
were
painted
orange
to
create
a
warm
feeling
.
Derived
from
the
noun
‘
orange
’ (
the
colour
),
first
used
attributively
to
describe
objects
bearing
that
hue
.
running
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
present
participle
of
run
.
•
The
children
are
running
across
the
playground
.
The
children
are
running
across
the
playground
.
•
Water
kept
running
from
the
tap
.
Water
kept
running
from
the
tap
.
Formed
by
adding
the
–ing
suffix
to
the
Old
English
verb
run
(
rinnan
,
irnan
),
used
since
early
Middle
English
.
frankly
adverb
in
an
open
,
honest
,
and
direct
way
•
She
spoke
frankly
about
her
past
mistakes
during
the
interview
.
She
spoke
frankly
about
her
past
mistakes
during
the
interview
.
•
I
appreciate
it
when
friends
talk
to
me
frankly
instead
of
hiding
the
truth
.
I
appreciate
it
when
friends
talk
to
me
frankly
instead
of
hiding
the
truth
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
frank
”
meaning
‘
open
,
honest
,
truthful
’
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
.”
Used
since
the
16th
century
.
adverb
used
to
emphasize
a
statement
that
may
sound
shocking
,
critical
,
or
surprising
•
Frankly
,
your
plan
is
too
risky
for
our
budget
.
Frankly
,
your
plan
is
too
risky
for
our
budget
.
•
Frankly
,
I'm
surprised
you
haven't
called
her
back
yet
.
Frankly
,
I'm
surprised
you
haven't
called
her
back
yet
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
,
but
this
emphatic
use
became
common
in
the
19th
century
as
a
discourse
marker
.
entrance
noun
a
doorway
or
opening
that
people
use
to
go
into
a
building
or
place
•
A
security
guard
stood
at
the
entrance
of
the
museum
,
checking
tickets
.
A
security
guard
stood
at
the
entrance
of
the
museum
,
checking
tickets
.
•
We
decorated
the
entrance
with
bright
balloons
and
ribbons
before
the
birthday
party
began
.
We
decorated
the
entrance
with
bright
balloons
and
ribbons
before
the
birthday
party
began
.
noun
the
act
of
going
into
a
place
,
or
the
permission
to
do
so
•
The
band
made
a
dramatic
entrance
onto
the
stage
through
a
cloud
of
smoke
.
The
band
made
a
dramatic
entrance
onto
the
stage
through
a
cloud
of
smoke
.
•
Admission
tickets
include
free
entrance
to
the
science
exhibit
on
the
second
floor
.
Admission
tickets
include
free
entrance
to
the
science
exhibit
on
the
second
floor
.
verb
-
entrance
,
entrancing
,
entrances
,
entranced
to
fill
someone
with
delight
and
wonder
so
that
they
cannot
look
away
•
The
magician
’
s
dazzling
tricks
entranced
the
children
,
leaving
them
wide-eyed
with
amazement
.
The
magician
’
s
dazzling
tricks
entranced
the
children
,
leaving
them
wide-eyed
with
amazement
.
•
The
violinist
’
s
haunting
melody
entranced
the
entire
audience
into
silent
admiration
.
The
violinist
’
s
haunting
melody
entranced
the
entire
audience
into
silent
admiration
.
drinking
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
present
participle
of
drink
:
doing
the
action
of
taking
liquid
into
the
mouth
and
swallowing
it
•
She
is
drinking
a
cup
of
hot
tea
by
the
window
.
She
is
drinking
a
cup
of
hot
tea
by
the
window
.
•
The
horse
was
drinking
from
the
trough
when
I
arrived
at
the
stable
.
The
horse
was
drinking
from
the
trough
when
I
arrived
at
the
stable
.
transaction
noun
the
act
or
instance
of
buying
,
selling
,
or
exchanging
goods
,
services
,
or
money
•
Using
her
phone
,
Mia
completed
the
transaction
for
the
concert
tickets
in
seconds
.
Using
her
phone
,
Mia
completed
the
transaction
for
the
concert
tickets
in
seconds
.
•
The
cashier
handed
Luis
a
receipt
after
the
transaction
at
the
supermarket
checkout
.
The
cashier
handed
Luis
a
receipt
after
the
transaction
at
the
supermarket
checkout
.
Borrowed
from
Late
Latin
transactio
,
meaning
“
business
completed
,
agreement
.”
noun
in
computing
,
a
group
of
operations
processed
together
so
that
they
all
succeed
or
all
fail
as
one
unit
•
The
database
rolled
back
the
transaction
when
a
single
query
failed
.
The
database
rolled
back
the
transaction
when
a
single
query
failed
.
•
Each
bank
transfer
is
wrapped
in
a
secure
transaction
to
protect
the
data
.
Each
bank
transfer
is
wrapped
in
a
secure
transaction
to
protect
the
data
.
transformation
noun
a
thorough
or
dramatic
change
in
form
,
appearance
,
or
character
•
The
abandoned
warehouse
underwent
a
stunning
transformation
into
luxury
lofts
.
The
abandoned
warehouse
underwent
a
stunning
transformation
into
luxury
lofts
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
Marco's
body
transformation
amazed
his
friends
.
After
months
of
training
,
Marco's
body
transformation
amazed
his
friends
.
from
Latin
transformare
“
to
change
in
shape
,”
from
trans-
“
across
”
+
formare
“
to
form
.”
noun
in
stories
,
myths
,
or
magic
,
the
act
of
changing
one
thing
or
creature
into
another
•
The
witch
’
s
sudden
transformation
of
the
prince
into
a
frog
shocked
the
court
.
The
witch
’
s
sudden
transformation
of
the
prince
into
a
frog
shocked
the
court
.
•
In
the
legend
,
the
phoenix
’
s
fiery
death
leads
to
its
glorious
transformation
and
rebirth
.
In
the
legend
,
the
phoenix
’
s
fiery
death
leads
to
its
glorious
transformation
and
rebirth
.
used
in
folklore
and
alchemy
to
describe
magical
changes
long
before
modern
science
adopted
the
word
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
a
rule
that
maps
every
point
of
a
figure
or
space
to
another
point
,
often
changing
its
position
,
size
,
or
orientation
•
A
rotation
by
90
degrees
is
a
common
geometric
transformation
.
A
rotation
by
90
degrees
is
a
common
geometric
transformation
.
•
The
programmer
used
a
matrix
transformation
to
render
the
3-D
model
.
The
programmer
used
a
matrix
transformation
to
render
the
3-D
model
.
adopted
into
mathematical
vocabulary
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
operations
that
change
geometric
figures
.
noun
in
genetics
,
the
process
by
which
a
cell
takes
up
foreign
DNA
and
expresses
it
•
Scientists
used
bacterial
transformation
to
produce
insulin
.
Scientists
used
bacterial
transformation
to
produce
insulin
.
•
Heat
shock
is
a
common
method
to
induce
plasmid
transformation
in
bacteria
.
Heat
shock
is
a
common
method
to
induce
plasmid
transformation
in
bacteria
.
coined
in
early
20th-century
microbiology
after
Frederick
Griffith
’
s
1928
experiments
showing
bacteria
could
change
form
when
exposed
to
material
from
other
strains
.