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own
adjective
belonging
to
the
person
or
thing
mentioned
and
not
to
anyone
else
•
I
want
to
build
my
own
computer
.
I
want
to
build
my
own
computer
.
•
She
went
to
the
party
in
her
own
car
.
She
went
to
the
party
in
her
own
car
.
The
adjective
grew
out
of
the
possessive
sense
of
the
Old
English
pronoun
āgen
and
later
evolved
into
modern
own
,
used
with
possessive
determiners
for
emphasis
.
verb
to
have
something
as
your
property
•
My
parents
own
a
small
restaurant
in
the
city
.
My
parents
own
a
small
restaurant
in
the
city
.
•
Do
you
own
any
musical
instruments
?
Do
you
own
any
musical
instruments
?
Old
English
āgan
,
meaning
‘
to
possess
,’
which
evolved
into
Middle
English
‘
owen
’
and
modern
‘
own
’.
adjective
belonging
to
a
particular
person
and
not
shared
•
He
built
the
table
with
his
own
hands
.
He
built
the
table
with
his
own
hands
.
•
Each
student
must
bring
their
own
laptop
.
Each
student
must
bring
their
own
laptop
.
From
possessive
use
of
the
verb
‘
own
’;
recorded
in
Middle
English
as
‘
owen
’.
verb
to
have
something
as
your
property
•
They
own
a
small
bakery
in
the
town
center
.
They
own
a
small
bakery
in
the
town
center
.
•
Do
you
own
any
pets
?
Do
you
own
any
pets
?
Old
English
āgan
meant
“
to
possess
,”
which
developed
into
Middle
English
owen
and
finally
modern
own
,
keeping
the
sense
of
possession
.
verb
(
slang
)
to
defeat
,
dominate
,
or
embarrass
someone
completely
•
Our
team
totally
owned
the
match
last
night
.
Our
team
totally
owned
the
match
last
night
.
•
The
comedian
owned
the
stage
with
her
quick
jokes
.
The
comedian
owned
the
stage
with
her
quick
jokes
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
possession
to
dominating
an
opponent
,
popularized
in
late-20th-century
gaming
culture
.
verb
to
completely
defeat
,
outshine
,
or
embarrass
someone
•
Our
basketball
team
totally
owned
the
game
last
night
.
Our
basketball
team
totally
owned
the
game
last
night
.
•
The
programmer
owned
the
hacker
by
closing
the
security
hole
.
The
programmer
owned
the
hacker
by
closing
the
security
hole
.
This
sense
arose
in
the
late
1990s
in
hacker
and
gaming
culture
,
extending
the
idea
of
owning
property
to
dominating
an
opponent
.
verb
to
admit
or
acknowledge
that
something
is
true
•
He
owns
that
he
was
mistaken
.
He
owns
that
he
was
mistaken
.
•
I
must
own
I
was
surprised
by
the
result
.
I
must
own
I
was
surprised
by
the
result
.
Derived
from
the
Old
English
verb
āgnian
“
to
possess
,”
the
sense
of
acknowledging
a
fact
emerged
in
Middle
English
and
remained
common
until
the
19th
century
.
owner
noun
a
person
or
group
that
legally
possesses
something
•
The
owner
of
the
bakery
greeted
every
customer
with
a
smile
.
The
owner
of
the
bakery
greeted
every
customer
with
a
smile
.
•
Every
pet
owner
must
make
sure
their
animals
get
enough
exercise
.
Every
pet
owner
must
make
sure
their
animals
get
enough
exercise
.
From
own
+
-er
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
know
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
have
information
or
understand
facts
about
something
.
•
I
know
that
the
Earth
orbits
the
Sun
.
I
know
that
the
Earth
orbits
the
Sun
.
•
Do
you
know
what
time
the
movie
starts
?
Do
you
know
what
time
the
movie
starts
?
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
be
acquainted
or
familiar
with
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
.
•
I
know
Maria
from
college
.
I
know
Maria
from
college
.
•
Do
you
know
this
neighborhood
?
Do
you
know
this
neighborhood
?
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
feel
certain
or
sure
about
something
.
•
I
know
he'll
come
on
time
.
I
know
he'll
come
on
time
.
•
She
knew
it
was
the
right
decision
.
She
knew
it
was
the
right
decision
.
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
have
the
skill
or
ability
to
do
something
(
usually
followed
by
“
how
to
”).
•
Do
you
know
how
to
swim
?
Do
you
know
how
to
swim
?
•
She
knows
how
to
fix
a
bike
.
She
knows
how
to
fix
a
bike
.
verb
-
know
,
knowing
,
knows
,
knew
,
known
to
recognize
someone
or
something
when
you
see
,
hear
,
or
experience
it
.
•
I
know
his
voice
anywhere
.
I
know
his
voice
anywhere
.
•
She
knew
the
painting
the
moment
she
saw
its
colors
.
She
knew
the
painting
the
moment
she
saw
its
colors
.
down
adverb
from
a
higher
place
or
level
to
a
lower
one
•
The
cat
climbed
down
the
tall
oak
tree
with
care
.
The
cat
climbed
down
the
tall
oak
tree
with
care
.
•
Please
sit
down
and
wait
for
your
name
to
be
called
.
Please
sit
down
and
wait
for
your
name
to
be
called
.
Old
English
dūn
“
hill
,
downward
direction
,”
later
used
adverbially
for
motion
toward
lower
ground
.
adverb
toward
or
in
a
lower
place
,
position
,
or
level
•
The
cat
jumped
down
from
the
fence
.
The
cat
jumped
down
from
the
fence
.
•
Please
sit
down
and
relax
.
Please
sit
down
and
relax
.
preposition
along
or
to
the
end
of
something
long
,
narrow
,
or
vertical
•
They
walked
slowly
down
the
quiet
street
after
dinner
.
They
walked
slowly
down
the
quiet
street
after
dinner
.
•
The
river
flows
down
the
valley
toward
the
sea
.
The
river
flows
down
the
valley
toward
the
sea
.
preposition
along
;
to
or
at
a
lower
point
on
or
beside
something
•
They
walked
down
the
long
beach
at
sunset
.
They
walked
down
the
long
beach
at
sunset
.
•
The
store
is
just
down
the
street
.
The
store
is
just
down
the
street
.
adjective
sad
,
unhappy
,
or
lacking
energy
•
I
’
ve
been
feeling
down
since
yesterday
.
I
’
ve
been
feeling
down
since
yesterday
.
•
He
looked
down
after
losing
the
game
.
He
looked
down
after
losing
the
game
.
adjective
feeling
sad
,
depressed
,
or
without
energy
•
He
has
been
down
since
his
team
lost
the
final
.
He
has
been
down
since
his
team
lost
the
final
.
•
Whenever
I'm
down
,
a
walk
in
the
park
cheers
me
up
.
Whenever
I'm
down
,
a
walk
in
the
park
cheers
me
up
.
adjective
not
operating
,
available
,
or
working
,
especially
about
machines
,
services
,
or
systems
•
The
website
is
down
for
maintenance
until
midnight
.
The
website
is
down
for
maintenance
until
midnight
.
•
During
the
storm
,
the
power
lines
went
down
across
the
region
.
During
the
storm
,
the
power
lines
went
down
across
the
region
.
noun
very
soft
fine
feathers
that
cover
young
birds
or
lie
beneath
the
tougher
outer
feathers
of
adult
birds
•
A
layer
of
down
keeps
ducklings
warm
in
cold
water
.
A
layer
of
down
keeps
ducklings
warm
in
cold
water
.
•
My
winter
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
.
My
winter
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
.
From
Old
Norse
dúnn
"
down
,
feather
";
related
to
German
Daune
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
fall
to
the
ground
;
to
knock
over
•
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
with
a
powerful
left
hook
.
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
with
a
powerful
left
hook
.
•
A
sudden
gust
of
wind
downed
several
trees
along
the
road
.
A
sudden
gust
of
wind
downed
several
trees
along
the
road
.
verb
to
drink
something
quickly
,
especially
all
at
once
•
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
his
run
.
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
his
run
.
•
She
downed
her
coffee
and
rushed
out
the
door
.
She
downed
her
coffee
and
rushed
out
the
door
.
adjective
not
working
or
available
,
especially
about
machines
or
services
•
The
website
is
down
right
now
.
The
website
is
down
right
now
.
•
Our
printer
was
down
for
two
hours
.
Our
printer
was
down
for
two
hours
.
noun
-
down
the
very
soft
,
fine
feathers
found
under
the
tougher
outer
feathers
of
birds
,
used
as
a
filling
for
pillows
,
jackets
,
and
similar
items
•
The
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
to
keep
you
warm
.
The
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
to
keep
you
warm
.
•
Baby
ducks
are
covered
in
soft
down
.
Baby
ducks
are
covered
in
soft
down
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
fall
or
collapse
to
the
ground
•
The
strong
wind
downed
a
large
tree
.
The
strong
wind
downed
a
large
tree
.
•
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
in
the
first
round
.
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
in
the
first
round
.
verb
to
drink
or
eat
something
quickly
,
often
in
one
continuous
action
•
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
the
run
.
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
the
run
.
•
She
downed
her
coffee
before
the
meeting
.
She
downed
her
coffee
before
the
meeting
.
show
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
let
someone
see
something
so
they
can
notice
or
understand
it
•
Could
you
show
me
how
this
camera
works
?
Could
you
show
me
how
this
camera
works
?
•
The
museum
guide
showed
the
visitors
a
hidden
doorway
behind
the
painting
.
The
museum
guide
showed
the
visitors
a
hidden
doorway
behind
the
painting
.
Old
English
‘
sceawian
’
meant
‘
look
at
’
or
‘
inspect
’;
over
time
it
shifted
to
mean
‘
cause
to
look
at
’.
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
let
someone
see
something
so
they
can
understand
or
appreciate
it
•
Sam
showed
his
friends
the
photo
he
had
taken
of
the
sunrise
.
Sam
showed
his
friends
the
photo
he
had
taken
of
the
sunrise
.
•
The
teacher
shows
how
to
solve
the
math
problem
on
the
board
.
The
teacher
shows
how
to
solve
the
math
problem
on
the
board
.
noun
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
a
performance
or
program
that
people
watch
for
entertainment
,
often
on
stage
,
TV
,
or
radio
•
We
went
to
a
magic
show
at
the
theater
last
night
.
We
went
to
a
magic
show
at
the
theater
last
night
.
•
Her
favorite
TV
show
is
on
Friday
evenings
.
Her
favorite
TV
show
is
on
Friday
evenings
.
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
guide
someone
to
a
place
•
A
porter
showed
us
to
our
seats
in
the
theatre
.
A
porter
showed
us
to
our
seats
in
the
theatre
.
•
Let
me
show
you
to
your
room
,
sir
.
Let
me
show
you
to
your
room
,
sir
.
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
prove
or
make
something
clear
using
facts
or
evidence
•
The
study
shows
that
regular
exercise
lowers
stress
.
The
study
shows
that
regular
exercise
lowers
stress
.
•
Results
showed
the
new
drug
was
effective
.
Results
showed
the
new
drug
was
effective
.
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
become
visible
or
be
seen
•
The
stain
still
shows
on
the
shirt
after
washing
.
The
stain
still
shows
on
the
shirt
after
washing
.
•
Your
excitement
really
shows
.
Your
excitement
really
shows
.
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
become
visible
so
people
can
see
it
•
The
stain
on
the
carpet
is
starting
to
show
again
.
The
stain
on
the
carpet
is
starting
to
show
again
.
•
His
excitement
showed
on
his
face
when
he
heard
the
news
.
His
excitement
showed
on
his
face
when
he
heard
the
news
.
verb
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
to
guide
someone
around
a
place
or
explain
something
to
them
•
Could
you
show
me
the
way
to
the
train
station
?
Could
you
show
me
the
way
to
the
train
station
?
•
The
clerk
showed
the
customer
where
the
jackets
were
.
The
clerk
showed
the
customer
where
the
jackets
were
.
noun
-
show
,
showing
,
shows
,
showed
,
shown
an
event
or
display
where
things
are
exhibited
,
such
as
animals
,
cars
,
or
art
•
We
bought
tickets
to
the
annual
car
show
.
We
bought
tickets
to
the
annual
car
show
.
•
She
won
first
prize
at
the
dog
show
.
She
won
first
prize
at
the
dog
show
.
grow
verb
-
grow
,
growing
,
grows
,
grew
,
grown
to
cultivate
plants
or
crops
,
or
for
plants
to
develop
•
They
grow
tomatoes
in
their
backyard
.
They
grow
tomatoes
in
their
backyard
.
•
Rice
is
grown
in
flooded
fields
called
paddies
.
Rice
is
grown
in
flooded
fields
called
paddies
.
verb
-
grow
,
growing
,
grows
,
grew
,
grown
to
increase
in
size
,
number
,
or
amount
over
time
•
Children
grow
quickly
during
their
first
years
.
Children
grow
quickly
during
their
first
years
.
•
Sales
are
growing
steadily
every
month
.
Sales
are
growing
steadily
every
month
.
Old
English
grōwan
“
to
flourish
,
develop
,
get
bigger
,”
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
German
grünen
“
to
become
green
.”
verb
-
grow
,
growing
,
grows
,
grew
,
grown
to
gradually
become
or
come
to
feel
a
particular
way
•
He
grew
tired
after
the
long
hike
.
He
grew
tired
after
the
long
hike
.
•
The
room
grew
silent
when
the
teacher
entered
.
The
room
grew
silent
when
the
teacher
entered
.
verb
-
grow
,
growing
,
grows
,
grew
,
grown
to
cause
something
to
increase
or
develop
•
The
start-up
hopes
to
grow
its
customer
base
quickly
.
The
start-up
hopes
to
grow
its
customer
base
quickly
.
•
Regular
reading
can
grow
your
vocabulary
.
Regular
reading
can
grow
your
vocabulary
.
verb
-
grow
,
growing
,
grows
,
grew
,
grown
to
let
hair
,
nails
,
or
similar
things
become
longer
•
He
decided
to
grow
a
beard
over
the
winter
.
He
decided
to
grow
a
beard
over
the
winter
.
•
She
has
been
growing
her
hair
for
a
wedding
.
She
has
been
growing
her
hair
for
a
wedding
.
town
noun
a
place
where
people
live
that
is
larger
than
a
village
but
smaller
than
a
city
•
Maria
moved
to
a
small
town
near
the
mountains
.
Maria
moved
to
a
small
town
near
the
mountains
.
•
The
town
has
a
lively
market
every
Saturday
morning
.
The
town
has
a
lively
market
every
Saturday
morning
.
Old
English
“
tūn
”
meaning
an
enclosure
or
settlement
;
over
time
it
came
to
refer
to
larger
,
fortified
villages
and
eventually
to
the
modern
sense
of
a
settlement
smaller
than
a
city
.
noun
-
town
the
main
shopping
or
business
area
of
a
place
,
especially
the
center
that
people
go
to
for
stores
and
services
•
After
class
,
let
’
s
meet
in
town
for
coffee
.
After
class
,
let
’
s
meet
in
town
for
coffee
.
•
She
drove
into
town
to
buy
groceries
.
She
drove
into
town
to
buy
groceries
.
noun
-
town
the
people
who
live
in
a
particular
town
,
considered
together
as
a
community
•
The
whole
town
cheered
when
the
local
team
won
.
The
whole
town
cheered
when
the
local
team
won
.
•
News
of
the
festival
spread
quickly
through
town
.
News
of
the
festival
spread
quickly
through
town
.
throw
verb
-
throw
,
throwing
,
throws
,
threw
,
thrown
to
send
something
through
the
air
with
a
quick
movement
of
your
arm
and
hand
•
The
boy
threw
the
ball
over
the
fence
.
The
boy
threw
the
ball
over
the
fence
.
•
Please
don
’
t
throw
stones
at
the
window
.
Please
don
’
t
throw
stones
at
the
window
.
Old
English
‘
þrāwan
’
meaning
‘
to
twist
,
turn
’,
later
shifting
to
the
idea
of
‘
hurl
’
in
Middle
English
.
verb
-
throw
,
throwing
,
throws
,
threw
,
thrown
to
confuse
,
surprise
,
or
unsettle
someone
so
they
do
not
know
what
to
do
•
Her
unexpected
question
threw
me
during
the
interview
.
Her
unexpected
question
threw
me
during
the
interview
.
•
The
sudden
change
in
schedule
threw
the
whole
team
.
The
sudden
change
in
schedule
threw
the
whole
team
.
Figurative
use
of
the
physical
sense
‘
to
hurl
’,
first
recorded
in
the
1600s
,
comparing
mental
state
to
being
cast
off
balance
.
fly
verb
-
fly
,
flies
,
flying
,
flew
,
flown
to
move
through
the
air
or
travel
in
an
aircraft
•
Birds
fly
south
for
the
winter
.
Birds
fly
south
for
the
winter
.
•
We
will
fly
to
Tokyo
next
week
for
vacation
.
We
will
fly
to
Tokyo
next
week
for
vacation
.
Old
English
flēogan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
vliegen
and
German
fliegen
,
meaning
“
to
move
through
the
air
.”
blow
verb
-
blow
,
blowing
,
blows
,
blew
,
blown
to
push
air
out
of
your
mouth
so
that
it
moves
something
or
cools
it
•
She
leaned
over
her
hot
cocoa
and
blew
gently
to
cool
it
.
She
leaned
over
her
hot
cocoa
and
blew
gently
to
cool
it
.
•
The
little
boy
took
a
big
breath
and
blew
soap
bubbles
into
the
sunny
air
.
The
little
boy
took
a
big
breath
and
blew
soap
bubbles
into
the
sunny
air
.
Old
English
“
blāwan
,”
meaning
“
to
breathe
or
send
forth
air
.”
verb
-
blow
,
blowing
,
blows
,
blew
,
blown
for
wind
or
air
outside
to
move
,
especially
with
some
force
•
A
cold
wind
blew
through
the
trees
all
night
.
A
cold
wind
blew
through
the
trees
all
night
.
•
Sand
blew
across
the
desert
road
,
hiding
the
tire
tracks
.
Sand
blew
across
the
desert
road
,
hiding
the
tire
tracks
.
verb
-
blow
,
blowing
,
blows
,
blew
,
blown
to
burst
apart
or
explode
with
force
•
The
old
tire
suddenly
blew
on
the
highway
.
The
old
tire
suddenly
blew
on
the
highway
.
•
In
the
film
,
the
bridge
blew
apart
in
a
massive
fireball
.
In
the
film
,
the
bridge
blew
apart
in
a
massive
fireball
.
verb
-
blow
,
blowing
,
blows
,
blew
,
blown
to
waste
or
spoil
something
important
such
as
money
or
a
chance
•
He
blew
his
chance
by
arriving
late
to
the
interview
.
He
blew
his
chance
by
arriving
late
to
the
interview
.
•
They
blew
all
their
savings
on
an
expensive
vacation
.
They
blew
all
their
savings
on
an
expensive
vacation
.
brown
adjective
-
brown
,
browner
,
brownest
having
the
color
that
is
a
mixture
of
red
and
yellow
,
like
the
color
of
wood
,
soil
,
or
chocolate
.
•
She
bought
a
brown
leather
jacket
to
wear
in
the
fall
.
She
bought
a
brown
leather
jacket
to
wear
in
the
fall
.
•
A
family
of
squirrels
hid
nuts
under
the
brown
leaves
in
the
park
.
A
family
of
squirrels
hid
nuts
under
the
brown
leaves
in
the
park
.
Old
English
“
brūn
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*brūnaz
,
meaning
“
shining
,
brown
”.
noun
-
brown
the
color
brown
.
•
Mix
a
little
red
with
green
paint
and
you
will
get
a
shade
of
brown
.
Mix
a
little
red
with
green
paint
and
you
will
get
a
shade
of
brown
.
•
Brown
goes
well
with
earthy
home-decor
themes
.
Brown
goes
well
with
earthy
home-decor
themes
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Old
English
“
brūn
”.
verb
to
make
or
become
brown
,
especially
when
cooked
or
when
exposed
to
the
sun
or
heat
.
•
Let
the
onions
brown
slowly
to
bring
out
their
sweetness
.
Let
the
onions
brown
slowly
to
bring
out
their
sweetness
.
•
The
chicken
skin
browned
nicely
in
the
hot
oven
.
The
chicken
skin
browned
nicely
in
the
hot
oven
.
From
the
adjective
“
brown
”;
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
16th
century
.
unknown
adjective
-
unknown
,
unknowning
,
unknowns
,
unknowned
not
known
,
familiar
,
or
identified
•
At
the
museum
,
the
scientists
examined
an
unknown
species
of
beetle
preserved
in
amber
.
At
the
museum
,
the
scientists
examined
an
unknown
species
of
beetle
preserved
in
amber
.
•
The
travelers
walked
down
an
unknown
path
that
led
deep
into
the
forest
.
The
travelers
walked
down
an
unknown
path
that
led
deep
into
the
forest
.
noun
-
unknown
,
unknowning
,
unknowns
,
unknowned
a
person
,
thing
,
place
,
or
fact
that
is
not
known
or
understood
•
For
the
detective
,
the
thief
was
still
an
unknown
who
left
no
clues
behind
.
For
the
detective
,
the
thief
was
still
an
unknown
who
left
no
clues
behind
.
•
In
the
algebra
problem
,
x
is
the
unknown
you
must
solve
for
.
In
the
algebra
problem
,
x
is
the
unknown
you
must
solve
for
.
downtown
noun
the
main
business
,
shopping
,
and
entertainment
part
of
a
city
,
usually
near
its
center
•
On
Saturday
,
we
took
the
train
to
downtown
for
brunch
.
On
Saturday
,
we
took
the
train
to
downtown
for
brunch
.
•
The
city's
downtown
is
filled
with
historic
theaters
and
cafes
.
The
city's
downtown
is
filled
with
historic
theaters
and
cafes
.
Formed
in
19th-century
American
English
from
down
+
town
,
originally
referring
to
the
lower
part
of
Manhattan
where
business
took
place
.
adverb
in
or
toward
the
main
business
,
shopping
,
and
entertainment
area
of
a
city
•
Let's
go
downtown
and
see
a
movie
.
Let's
go
downtown
and
see
a
movie
.
•
She
works
on
the
edge
of
the
city
but
lives
downtown
.
She
works
on
the
edge
of
the
city
but
lives
downtown
.
adjective
located
in
or
related
to
the
main
business
,
shopping
,
and
entertainment
area
of
a
city
•
They
opened
a
downtown
bookstore
in
an
old
warehouse
.
They
opened
a
downtown
bookstore
in
an
old
warehouse
.
•
Parking
fees
at
downtown
garages
can
be
expensive
.
Parking
fees
at
downtown
garages
can
be
expensive
.
touchdown
noun
In
American
football
and
some
similar
sports
,
a
score
made
when
a
player
carries
the
ball
into
or
catches
it
in
the
opponents'
end
zone
.
•
With
only
seconds
remaining
,
the
quarterback
dived
across
the
line
for
the
winning
touchdown
.
With
only
seconds
remaining
,
the
quarterback
dived
across
the
line
for
the
winning
touchdown
.
•
The
crowd
erupted
when
the
rookie
wide
receiver
caught
his
first
professional
touchdown
.
The
crowd
erupted
when
the
rookie
wide
receiver
caught
his
first
professional
touchdown
.
Formed
from
the
verb
phrase
“
touch
down
,”
originally
used
in
rugby
in
the
late
19th
century
for
grounding
the
ball
behind
the
goal
line
,
later
adopted
by
American
football
.
noun
The
moment
when
an
aircraft
,
spacecraft
,
or
other
vehicle
first
makes
contact
with
the
ground
or
another
surface
at
the
end
of
a
flight
.
•
The
passengers
applauded
after
the
plane
made
a
smooth
touchdown
on
the
wet
runway
.
The
passengers
applauded
after
the
plane
made
a
smooth
touchdown
on
the
wet
runway
.
•
Mission
control
cheered
as
the
lunar
module
achieved
a
successful
touchdown
on
the
Moon's
surface
.
Mission
control
cheered
as
the
lunar
module
achieved
a
successful
touchdown
on
the
Moon's
surface
.
Extension
of
the
sports
term
,
first
recorded
in
aviation
around
1918
to
describe
wheels
meeting
the
runway
,
later
used
for
spacecraft
landings
.