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off
preposition
moving
away
from
or
down
from
a
place
,
surface
,
or
object
•
The
cat
jumped
off
the
table
.
The
cat
jumped
off
the
table
.
•
Please
take
your
feet
off
the
chair
.
Please
take
your
feet
off
the
chair
.
adverb
in
a
state
of
not
operating
because
power
or
supply
has
been
stopped
•
The
lights
are
off
while
we
watch
the
movie
.
The
lights
are
off
while
we
watch
the
movie
.
•
Turn
the
tap
off
when
you
finish
.
Turn
the
tap
off
when
you
finish
.
adverb
leaving
or
starting
a
journey
or
activity
•
I
’
m
off
to
the
gym
now
.
I
’
m
off
to
the
gym
now
.
•
We
set
off
early
to
avoid
traffic
.
We
set
off
early
to
avoid
traffic
.
adverb
showing
a
reduction
in
the
regular
price
•
All
shoes
are
30%
off
this
weekend
.
All
shoes
are
30%
off
this
weekend
.
•
The
coupon
takes
five
dollars
off
your
bill
.
The
coupon
takes
five
dollars
off
your
bill
.
adjective
(
of
food
or
drink
)
spoiled
and
no
longer
safe
to
eat
or
drink
•
The
milk
smells
off
,
so
pour
it
away
.
The
milk
smells
off
,
so
pour
it
away
.
•
We
threw
the
chicken
out
because
it
looked
off
.
We
threw
the
chicken
out
because
it
looked
off
.
adjective
strange
,
wrong
,
or
not
quite
right
•
Something
felt
off
about
his
story
.
Something
felt
off
about
his
story
.
•
The
colors
on
the
screen
look
a
bit
off
.
The
colors
on
the
screen
look
a
bit
off
.
preposition
located
near
but
not
directly
on
something
•
They
live
just
off
the
main
road
.
They
live
just
off
the
main
road
.
•
The
island
lies
twenty
miles
off
the
coast
.
The
island
lies
twenty
miles
off
the
coast
.
office
noun
a
room
,
set
of
rooms
,
or
building
where
people
do
desk
or
administrative
work
•
Mia
arrives
at
her
office
every
morning
at
eight
o'clock
.
Mia
arrives
at
her
office
every
morning
at
eight
o'clock
.
•
During
the
summer
,
the
office
gets
comfortably
cool
thanks
to
the
air-conditioning
.
During
the
summer
,
the
office
gets
comfortably
cool
thanks
to
the
air-conditioning
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
office
,”
from
Latin
“
officium
”
meaning
‘
service
,
duty
’.
noun
a
position
or
role
with
official
duties
,
especially
in
government
or
an
organization
•
After
the
election
,
she
took
office
as
the
country's
first
female
mayor
.
After
the
election
,
she
took
office
as
the
country's
first
female
mayor
.
•
He
hopes
to
run
for
office
when
he
turns
thirty
.
He
hopes
to
run
for
office
when
he
turns
thirty
.
Same
Latin
root
“
officium
”
also
gave
the
sense
of
a
role
or
duty
carried
out
for
the
state
or
community
.
noun
a
department
or
agency
of
a
government
or
large
organization
that
deals
with
a
particular
kind
of
work
•
You
can
renew
your
passport
at
the
passport
office
in
the
city
center
.
You
can
renew
your
passport
at
the
passport
office
in
the
city
center
.
•
The
tourist
office
gave
us
a
free
map
of
the
town
.
The
tourist
office
gave
us
a
free
map
of
the
town
.
This
sense
developed
as
specific
branches
of
authority
took
on
specialized
duties
,
each
known
as
an
“
office
.”
offer
verb
to
present
something
to
someone
so
they
can
accept
or
refuse
it
•
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
•
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
Old
English
offrian
,
from
Latin
offerre
‘
to
present
,
bring
before
’.
noun
a
special
price
or
deal
that
lets
you
buy
something
more
cheaply
than
usual
•
The
supermarket
had
a
‘
buy
one
get
one
free
’
offer
on
cereal
this
week
.
The
supermarket
had
a
‘
buy
one
get
one
free
’
offer
on
cereal
this
week
.
•
I
found
a
great
holiday
offer
online
that
includes
flights
and
hotels
.
I
found
a
great
holiday
offer
online
that
includes
flights
and
hotels
.
Commercial
sense
developed
in
the
20th
century
as
marketing
language
for
discounts
.
verb
to
say
you
are
willing
to
do
or
give
something
•
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
•
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Developed
from
the
earlier
sense
of
‘
presenting
something
’,
extending
to
the
speaker
’
s
willingness
.
verb
to
provide
or
make
something
available
•
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
•
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
Sense
broadened
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
services
and
opportunities
made
available
.
noun
a
proposal
to
give
something
or
to
do
something
,
waiting
for
acceptance
•
They
accepted
the
job
offer
within
an
hour
.
They
accepted
the
job
offer
within
an
hour
.
•
The
buyer
’
s
first
offer
on
the
house
was
too
low
.
The
buyer
’
s
first
offer
on
the
house
was
too
low
.
Derived
from
the
verb
use
,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
meaning
‘
proposal
’
in
the
late
16th
century
.
official
adjective
coming
from
,
approved
by
,
or
representing
a
person
or
group
that
has
formal
power
or
authority
•
The
company
released
an
official
statement
about
the
merger
.
The
company
released
an
official
statement
about
the
merger
.
•
Only
documents
with
an
official
stamp
are
accepted
at
the
embassy
.
Only
documents
with
an
official
stamp
are
accepted
at
the
embassy
.
adjective
connected
to
the
duties
,
events
,
or
things
someone
does
as
part
of
their
job
or
position
,
not
their
private
life
•
Her
official
title
is
“
Chief
Financial
Officer
.”
Her
official
title
is
“
Chief
Financial
Officer
.”
•
During
an
official
visit
to
Japan
,
the
president
met
the
emperor
.
During
an
official
visit
to
Japan
,
the
president
met
the
emperor
.
noun
a
person
who
holds
an
important
job
in
a
government
,
organization
,
or
sporting
event
and
has
the
power
to
make
decisions
•
A
city
official
inspected
the
restaurant
’
s
kitchen
.
A
city
official
inspected
the
restaurant
’
s
kitchen
.
•
The
soccer
official
blew
the
whistle
to
start
the
match
.
The
soccer
official
blew
the
whistle
to
start
the
match
.
officer
noun
a
member
of
the
police
who
has
official
authority
to
enforce
the
law
•
Two
officers
stood
at
the
crossroads
,
calmly
directing
traffic
.
Two
officers
stood
at
the
crossroads
,
calmly
directing
traffic
.
•
The
officer
asked
to
see
my
driver's
license
.
The
officer
asked
to
see
my
driver's
license
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-Norman
French
,
from
Old
French
oficier
,
based
on
Latin
officium
‘
office
’.
noun
a
person
in
the
armed
forces
who
holds
a
position
of
authority
,
usually
obtained
by
a
commission
•
The
naval
officer
gave
the
order
to
raise
the
anchor
.
The
naval
officer
gave
the
order
to
raise
the
anchor
.
•
Cadets
dream
of
becoming
officers
after
graduation
.
Cadets
dream
of
becoming
officers
after
graduation
.
noun
a
person
with
an
important
position
and
responsibility
in
a
company
,
government
department
,
or
other
organization
•
The
chief
financial
officer
presented
the
annual
report
to
shareholders
.
The
chief
financial
officer
presented
the
annual
report
to
shareholders
.
•
As
a
safety
officer
,
she
checks
every
machine
each
morning
.
As
a
safety
officer
,
she
checks
every
machine
each
morning
.
verb
to
provide
with
officers
or
to
command
as
an
officer
•
Experienced
captains
officer
the
training
vessel
each
summer
.
Experienced
captains
officer
the
training
vessel
each
summer
.
•
The
company
officered
the
project
with
seasoned
managers
.
The
company
officered
the
project
with
seasoned
managers
.
offense
noun
an
action
that
breaks
the
law
;
a
crime
.
•
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offense
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offense
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
•
Driving
under
the
influence
is
a
serious
offense
in
every
state
.
Driving
under
the
influence
is
a
serious
offense
in
every
state
.
From
Old
French
offense
,
from
Latin
offensa
meaning
‘
a
striking
against
’.
noun
words
or
behavior
that
upset
or
insult
someone
;
the
feeling
of
being
hurt
by
them
.
•
I
meant
no
offense
by
my
comment
.
I
meant
no
offense
by
my
comment
.
•
He
took
offense
at
the
joke
and
left
the
room
.
He
took
offense
at
the
joke
and
left
the
room
.
Extended
from
the
legal
sense
to
emotional
hurt
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
the
group
of
players
or
tactics
used
to
attack
and
score
points
in
a
sport
or
game
.
•
The
team's
offense
scored
three
touchdowns
in
the
first
quarter
.
The
team's
offense
scored
three
touchdowns
in
the
first
quarter
.
•
Our
new
coach
focuses
on
a
fast-paced
offense
.
Our
new
coach
focuses
on
a
fast-paced
offense
.
Sports
sense
developed
in
American
English
in
the
late
19th
century
from
military
use
meaning
‘
attacking
force
’.
offence
noun
an
action
that
breaks
the
law
;
a
crime
.
•
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offence
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offence
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
•
Drink-driving
is
a
serious
offence
in
the
UK
.
Drink-driving
is
a
serious
offence
in
the
UK
.
From
Old
French
offense
,
later
adapted
in
British
spelling
to
offence
.
noun
words
or
behaviour
that
upset
or
insult
someone
;
the
feeling
of
being
hurt
by
them
.
•
I
meant
no
offence
by
what
I
said
.
I
meant
no
offence
by
what
I
said
.
•
She
took
offence
at
his
remarks
about
her
accent
.
She
took
offence
at
his
remarks
about
her
accent
.
Parallel
development
in
British
English
following
the
legal
sense
.
noun
the
group
of
players
or
tactics
used
to
attack
and
score
points
in
a
sport
or
game
.
•
The
team's
offence
dominated
throughout
the
match
.
The
team's
offence
dominated
throughout
the
match
.
•
Their
coach
prefers
a
possession-based
offence
.
Their
coach
prefers
a
possession-based
offence
.
Borrowed
from
American
sporting
terminology
, ‘
offence
’
entered
UK
sports
writing
in
the
20th
century
.
offensive
adjective
rude
or
insulting
in
a
way
that
makes
people
feel
hurt
,
angry
,
or
upset
•
Many
people
found
his
joke
deeply
offensive
.
Many
people
found
his
joke
deeply
offensive
.
•
Please
avoid
using
offensive
language
in
the
classroom
.
Please
avoid
using
offensive
language
in
the
classroom
.
From
Middle
French
offensif
,
from
Latin
offendere
“
to
strike
against
,
to
displease
.”
adjective
designed
for
attacking
rather
than
defending
,
especially
in
war
or
sports
•
The
army
prepared
an
offensive
operation
to
capture
the
bridge
.
The
army
prepared
an
offensive
operation
to
capture
the
bridge
.
•
Our
football
coach
prefers
an
offensive
style
with
quick
passes
.
Our
football
coach
prefers
an
offensive
style
with
quick
passes
.
noun
the
part
of
a
sports
team
or
its
strategy
that
tries
to
score
points
or
goals
•
Our
team's
offensive
struggled
against
their
strong
defense
.
Our
team's
offensive
struggled
against
their
strong
defense
.
•
The
coach
redesigned
the
offensive
to
create
more
scoring
chances
.
The
coach
redesigned
the
offensive
to
create
more
scoring
chances
.
noun
a
large
planned
military
attack
against
an
enemy
•
The
winter
offensive
caught
the
enemy
by
surprise
.
The
winter
offensive
caught
the
enemy
by
surprise
.
•
They
delayed
the
offensive
until
reinforcements
arrived
.
They
delayed
the
offensive
until
reinforcements
arrived
.
officially
adverb
in
a
way
that
has
formal
approval
or
authority
,
as
recorded
or
announced
by
an
official
body
•
The
city
officially
opened
its
new
bridge
with
a
ribbon-cutting
ceremony
.
The
city
officially
opened
its
new
bridge
with
a
ribbon-cutting
ceremony
.
•
She
became
an
adult
officially
when
she
turned
eighteen
and
received
her
national
ID
card
.
She
became
an
adult
officially
when
she
turned
eighteen
and
received
her
national
ID
card
.
adverb
used
informally
to
emphasize
that
something
is
completely
or
definitely
true
or
decided
•
I
am
officially
exhausted
after
running
that
marathon
.
I
am
officially
exhausted
after
running
that
marathon
.
•
They
were
officially
the
last
people
to
leave
the
party
at
dawn
.
They
were
officially
the
last
people
to
leave
the
party
at
dawn
.
offering
noun
a
gift
presented
to
a
deity
,
spirit
,
or
sacred
place
as
a
sign
of
respect
,
thanks
,
or
request
•
During
the
harvest
festival
,
villagers
laid
baskets
of
rice
as
an
offering
at
the
shrine
.
During
the
harvest
festival
,
villagers
laid
baskets
of
rice
as
an
offering
at
the
shrine
.
•
The
priest
burned
incense
over
the
golden
bowl
that
held
the
sacred
offering
.
The
priest
burned
incense
over
the
golden
bowl
that
held
the
sacred
offering
.
noun
a
product
or
service
that
a
company
,
artist
,
or
organization
makes
available
for
people
to
buy
or
experience
•
The
carmaker
’
s
newest
electric
SUV
is
its
most
impressive
offering
to
date
.
The
carmaker
’
s
newest
electric
SUV
is
its
most
impressive
offering
to
date
.
•
Streaming
services
compete
by
adding
more
original
movies
to
their
content
offering
.
Streaming
services
compete
by
adding
more
original
movies
to
their
content
offering
.
noun
the
act
of
presenting
or
proposing
something
such
as
help
,
money
,
or
ideas
to
someone
•
His
generous
offering
of
time
showed
how
much
he
cared
about
the
community
project
.
His
generous
offering
of
time
showed
how
much
he
cared
about
the
community
project
.
•
At
the
meeting
,
Clara
’
s
offering
of
new
marketing
ideas
impressed
the
entire
team
.
At
the
meeting
,
Clara
’
s
offering
of
new
marketing
ideas
impressed
the
entire
team
.
noun
a
sale
of
a
company
’
s
shares
or
other
securities
to
the
public
,
especially
for
the
first
time
•
Investors
rushed
to
buy
stock
during
the
company
’
s
initial
public
offering
.
Investors
rushed
to
buy
stock
during
the
company
’
s
initial
public
offering
.
•
The
secondary
offering
helped
the
firm
raise
funds
for
overseas
expansion
.
The
secondary
offering
helped
the
firm
raise
funds
for
overseas
expansion
.
offend
verb
-
offend
,
offending
,
offends
,
offended
to
make
someone
feel
upset
,
annoyed
,
or
hurt
•
I
didn't
mean
to
offend
you
with
my
joke
.
I
didn't
mean
to
offend
you
with
my
joke
.
•
His
rude
comments
offended
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
His
rude
comments
offended
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
From
Latin
offendere
“
to
strike
against
,
displease
”.
verb
-
offend
,
offending
,
offends
,
offended
to
break
a
law
or
rule
;
to
commit
an
illegal
act
•
Young
people
who
first
offend
often
receive
a
warning
instead
of
a
fine
.
Young
people
who
first
offend
often
receive
a
warning
instead
of
a
fine
.
•
She
promised
the
judge
she
would
never
offend
again
.
She
promised
the
judge
she
would
never
offend
again
.
Legal
sense
developed
in
English
during
the
14th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
striking
against
’
to
‘
striking
against
the
law
’.
verb
-
offend
,
offending
,
offends
,
offended
to
be
very
unpleasant
to
someone's
senses
or
moral
feelings
•
The
factory
’
s
smoke
offended
the
villagers
’
sense
of
smell
.
The
factory
’
s
smoke
offended
the
villagers
’
sense
of
smell
.
•
The
neon
sign
was
so
bright
it
seemed
to
offend
the
night
sky
.
The
neon
sign
was
so
bright
it
seemed
to
offend
the
night
sky
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
15th
century
,
applying
‘
striking
against
’
to
senses
and
morals
.
offender
noun
a
person
who
commits
a
crime
or
breaks
the
law
•
The
offender
was
arrested
shortly
after
leaving
the
store
.
The
offender
was
arrested
shortly
after
leaving
the
store
.
•
First-time
offenders
often
receive
lighter
sentences
than
repeat
criminals
.
First-time
offenders
often
receive
lighter
sentences
than
repeat
criminals
.
From
offend
+
-er
,
recorded
in
English
since
the
15th
century
.
noun
someone
or
something
that
causes
trouble
,
annoyance
,
or
a
problem
•
When
the
computer
crashed
,
we
discovered
the
real
offender
was
a
loose
cable
.
When
the
computer
crashed
,
we
discovered
the
real
offender
was
a
loose
cable
.
•
In
his
messy
room
,
the
smelly
shoes
were
the
main
offender
.
In
his
messy
room
,
the
smelly
shoes
were
the
main
offender
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
since
the
19th
century
,
applying
the
idea
of
a
criminal
to
anything
causing
a
problem
.
coffee
noun
a
hot
or
cold
drink
made
by
passing
water
through
ground
roasted
coffee
beans
•
I
like
to
drink
coffee
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
I
like
to
drink
coffee
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
•
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
with
your
dessert
?
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
with
your
dessert
?
From
Arabic
“
qahwa
”
through
Turkish
“
kahve
”
and
Italian
“
caffè
,”
entering
English
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
the
roasted
beans
or
brown
powder
from
the
coffee
plant
that
are
used
to
make
the
drink
•
We
ground
fresh
coffee
for
the
guests
.
We
ground
fresh
coffee
for
the
guests
.
•
The
kitchen
smelled
of
roasted
coffee
and
cinnamon
.
The
kitchen
smelled
of
roasted
coffee
and
cinnamon
.
noun
an
informal
meeting
or
short
break
when
people
get
together
to
talk
,
usually
while
drinking
coffee
•
Let's
meet
for
coffee
after
class
.
Let's
meet
for
coffee
after
class
.
•
Our
manager
called
the
team
to
a
quick
coffee
at
10
a
.
m
.
Our
manager
called
the
team
to
a
quick
coffee
at
10
a
.
m
.
noun
-
coffee
a
dark
brown
colour
that
looks
like
the
drink
•
He
painted
the
wall
a
warm
shade
of
coffee
.
He
painted
the
wall
a
warm
shade
of
coffee
.
•
The
designer
chose
a
coffee
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
The
designer
chose
a
coffee
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
playoff
noun
an
extra
series
of
games
held
after
the
regular
season
in
which
the
highest-ranked
teams
play
each
other
to
decide
the
champion
•
Our
team
clinched
a
spot
in
the
playoff
after
a
dramatic
last-minute
goal
.
Our
team
clinched
a
spot
in
the
playoff
after
a
dramatic
last-minute
goal
.
•
Tickets
for
the
basketball
playoff
sold
out
within
an
hour
.
Tickets
for
the
basketball
playoff
sold
out
within
an
hour
.
Formed
from
play
+
off
,
first
used
in
American
sports
writing
in
the
early
1900s
for
extra
games
to
decide
a
championship
.
noun
a
single
extra
game
,
hole
,
or
period
played
when
competitors
are
tied
,
used
to
decide
the
winner
•
Both
golfers
were
tied
after
18
holes
,
so
they
went
to
a
sudden-death
playoff
.
Both
golfers
were
tied
after
18
holes
,
so
they
went
to
a
sudden-death
playoff
.
•
She
sank
a
long
putt
to
win
the
playoff
and
claim
the
trophy
.
She
sank
a
long
putt
to
win
the
playoff
and
claim
the
trophy
.
Extension
of
the
broader
sports
sense
:
first
recorded
in
golf
and
tennis
to
refer
to
an
extra
contest
breaking
a
tie
.