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her
pronoun
The
object
form
of
“
she
”,
used
as
the
object
of
a
verb
or
preposition
to
refer
to
a
female
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
.
•
I
called
her
last
night
to
check
on
the
project
.
I
called
her
last
night
to
check
on
the
project
.
•
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
presentation
.
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
presentation
.
Old
English
hire
,
the
dative
and
genitive
form
of
hēo
(“
she
”),
later
replacing
the
earlier
accusative
hīe/hi
.
determiner
Belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
female
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
or
easily
identified
.
•
Her
phone
is
ringing
on
the
kitchen
counter
.
Her
phone
is
ringing
on
the
kitchen
counter
.
•
We
visited
her
grandparents
during
the
holidays
.
We
visited
her
grandparents
during
the
holidays
.
Developed
from
the
Old
English
genitive
hire
,
used
to
indicate
possession
.
pronoun
the
object
form
of
“
she
”,
used
instead
of
a
noun
to
refer
to
a
female
person
,
animal
,
or
sometimes
thing
already
known
in
the
situation
•
I
met
her
at
the
library
yesterday
.
I
met
her
at
the
library
yesterday
.
•
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
project
.
The
teacher
praised
her
for
the
excellent
project
.
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
female
person
or
animal
that
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
obvious
from
context
,
used
before
a
noun
•
Her
backpack
is
heavier
than
mine
.
Her
backpack
is
heavier
than
mine
.
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
it
heard
her
voice
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
it
heard
her
voice
.
pronoun
used
instead
of
“
she
”
when
the
female
person
or
animal
is
the
object
of
a
verb
or
comes
after
a
preposition
•
I
met
her
at
the
train
station
this
morning
.
I
met
her
at
the
train
station
this
morning
.
•
Tom
waved
to
her
from
across
the
street
.
Tom
waved
to
her
from
across
the
street
.
Old
English
hire
,
the
dative
and
genitive
form
of
“
hēo
” (
she
).
Over
time
,
it
developed
into
the
modern
object
and
possessive
forms
.
determiner
belonging
to
or
connected
with
a
female
person
or
animal
already
mentioned
or
easily
identified
•
This
is
her
backpack
,
not
yours
.
This
is
her
backpack
,
not
yours
.
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
it
heard
her
voice
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
when
it
heard
her
voice
.
From
Old
English
hire
,
genitive
form
of
“
hēo
” (
she
),
evolving
into
the
modern
possessive
determiner
.
here
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
this
place
or
position
•
Please
sit
here
next
to
me
.
Please
sit
here
next
to
me
.
•
The
bus
stops
here
every
morning
at
seven
.
The
bus
stops
here
every
morning
at
seven
.
adverb
used
when
giving
or
showing
something
to
someone
•
Here
is
your
coffee
—
be
careful
,
it
’
s
hot
.
Here
is
your
coffee
—
be
careful
,
it
’
s
hot
.
•
Here
are
the
keys
you
asked
for
.
Here
are
the
keys
you
asked
for
.
interjection
used
to
say
you
are
present
when
your
name
is
called
or
to
draw
attention
•
Teacher
: “
Emily
?”
Student
: “
Here
!”
Teacher
: “
Emily
?”
Student
: “
Here
!”
•
During
the
meeting
,
the
chairperson
called
“
Mr
.
Lee
?”
and
he
replied
“
Here
!”
During
the
meeting
,
the
chairperson
called
“
Mr
.
Lee
?”
and
he
replied
“
Here
!”
adverb
at
this
point
in
a
talk
,
story
,
or
process
•
Here
the
author
introduces
the
main
character
.
Here
the
author
introduces
the
main
character
.
•
Stop
here
and
take
a
short
break
.
Stop
here
and
take
a
short
break
.
noun
-
here
the
present
place
or
moment
,
especially
in
the
phrase
“
the
here
and
now
”
•
You
should
focus
on
the
here
and
now
instead
of
worrying
about
tomorrow
.
You
should
focus
on
the
here
and
now
instead
of
worrying
about
tomorrow
.
•
Meditation
helps
me
stay
in
the
here
.
Meditation
helps
me
stay
in
the
here
.
herself
pronoun
used
to
show
that
the
woman
or
girl
who
is
the
subject
of
the
sentence
is
also
the
object
of
the
action
•
Anna
looked
at
herself
in
the
mirror
before
the
interview
.
Anna
looked
at
herself
in
the
mirror
before
the
interview
.
•
The
kitten
scratched
herself
while
playing
with
the
yarn
.
The
kitten
scratched
herself
while
playing
with
the
yarn
.
Old
English
hīe
selfa
,
from
hie
(“
her
”)
+
self
.
Parallel
to
myself
,
yourself
,
himself
.
pronoun
used
to
emphasize
that
a
particular
woman
or
girl
did
something
and
not
someone
else
•
The
chef
herself
served
us
at
the
table
.
The
chef
herself
served
us
at
the
table
.
•
Maria
herself
admitted
the
mistake
.
Maria
herself
admitted
the
mistake
.
pronoun
(
informal
,
Irish
English
)
used
humorously
to
refer
to
someone
’
s
wife
,
girlfriend
,
or
to
a
woman
in
authority
whose
name
the
speaker
chooses
not
to
say
•
I'll
have
to
ask
herself
if
we're
free
this
weekend
.
I'll
have
to
ask
herself
if
we're
free
this
weekend
.
•
Herself
wants
the
lawn
cut
before
the
match
starts
.
Herself
wants
the
lawn
cut
before
the
match
starts
.
hero
noun
-
hero
,
heroes
a
person
admired
for
great
courage
,
outstanding
achievements
,
or
noble
character
•
After
the
fire
,
the
neighbors
called
the
brave
firefighter
a
hero
.
After
the
fire
,
the
neighbors
called
the
brave
firefighter
a
hero
.
•
Many
children
view
doctors
who
work
in
remote
villages
as
heroes
.
Many
children
view
doctors
who
work
in
remote
villages
as
heroes
.
From
ancient
Greek
hḗrōs
‘
protector
,
defender
’.
In
classical
myths
,
a
hḗrōs
was
half-mortal
,
half-divine
.
noun
-
hero
,
heroes
the
main
character
in
a
story
,
play
,
or
film
,
especially
the
one
the
audience
wants
to
succeed
•
In
the
novel
,
the
shy
librarian
is
the
unexpected
hero
.
In
the
novel
,
the
shy
librarian
is
the
unexpected
hero
.
•
Everyone
cheered
when
the
animated
film's
hero
finally
defeated
the
dragon
.
Everyone
cheered
when
the
animated
film's
hero
finally
defeated
the
dragon
.
noun
-
hero
,
heroes
a
large
sandwich
filled
with
meat
,
cheese
,
and
other
toppings
,
also
called
a
sub
or
hoagie
•
She
ordered
a
turkey
hero
with
extra
pickles
for
lunch
.
She
ordered
a
turkey
hero
with
extra
pickles
for
lunch
.
•
I
grabbed
a
giant
meatball
hero
from
the
corner
deli
.
I
grabbed
a
giant
meatball
hero
from
the
corner
deli
.
Originated
in
early-20th-century
New
York
;
one
story
says
the
big
sandwich
was
as
hefty
as
a
‘
hero
’.
heritage
noun
the
traditions
,
customs
,
and
achievements
that
are
passed
from
one
generation
to
the
next
in
a
family
,
community
,
or
nation
•
The
festival
celebrates
the
town's
rich
heritage
of
music
and
dance
.
The
festival
celebrates
the
town's
rich
heritage
of
music
and
dance
.
•
Parents
tell
old
legends
by
the
fireplace
to
keep
their
cultural
heritage
alive
for
their
children
.
Parents
tell
old
legends
by
the
fireplace
to
keep
their
cultural
heritage
alive
for
their
children
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
heritage
,
from
heriter
“
to
inherit
,”
from
Latin
hereditare
.
noun
valuable
historical
or
natural
features
of
a
place
that
should
be
preserved
for
future
generations
•
The
ancient
temple
was
declared
a
world
heritage
site
by
UNESCO
.
The
ancient
temple
was
declared
a
world
heritage
site
by
UNESCO
.
•
Volunteers
cleaned
the
river
to
protect
the
city
’
s
natural
heritage
.
Volunteers
cleaned
the
river
to
protect
the
city
’
s
natural
heritage
.
Extension
of
earlier
meaning
“
inheritance
”
to
include
collective
historical
and
environmental
treasures
.
noun
property
,
money
,
or
status
that
someone
receives
from
people
who
lived
before
them
,
especially
through
inheritance
•
The
old
mansion
became
part
of
Maria
’
s
heritage
after
her
parents
passed
away
.
The
old
mansion
became
part
of
Maria
’
s
heritage
after
her
parents
passed
away
.
•
He
considered
the
family
business
not
just
a
job
but
a
treasured
heritage
.
He
considered
the
family
business
not
just
a
job
but
a
treasured
heritage
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
heritage
,
from
heriter
“
to
inherit
.”
she
pronoun
used
to
talk
about
a
woman
or
girl
who
has
already
been
mentioned
or
is
known
to
the
listener
•
She
is
my
best
friend
,
and
I
trust
her
completely
.
She
is
my
best
friend
,
and
I
trust
her
completely
.
•
When
the
teacher
walked
in
,
everyone
knew
she
meant
business
.
When
the
teacher
walked
in
,
everyone
knew
she
meant
business
.
Old
English
"
hēo
" (
she
)
replaced
by
Middle
English
forms
evolving
into
modern
"
she
".
pronoun
used
affectionately
to
refer
to
a
ship
,
car
,
country
,
or
other
thing
as
if
it
were
female
•
The
old
ship
creaked
,
but
she
could
still
cross
the
ocean
.
The
old
ship
creaked
,
but
she
could
still
cross
the
ocean
.
•
I
love
my
new
car
—
she
runs
like
a
dream
.
I
love
my
new
car
—
she
runs
like
a
dream
.
Extension
of
the
personal
pronoun
to
personified
objects
,
first
recorded
in
the
14th
century
for
ships
,
later
cars
and
nations
.
noun
a
female
person
or
animal
•
We
have
two
dogs
:
a
he
and
a
she
.
We
have
two
dogs
:
a
he
and
a
she
.
•
Among
the
puppies
,
each
she
had
a
pink
ribbon
.
Among
the
puppies
,
each
she
had
a
pink
ribbon
.
From
the
pronoun
,
later
reinterpreted
as
a
common
noun
referring
to
a
female
.
other
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
mean
the
second
of
two
or
the
remaining
people
or
things
that
have
not
yet
been
mentioned
•
Please
put
these
books
on
the
other
shelf
.
Please
put
these
books
on
the
other
shelf
.
•
I
lost
my
other
glove
on
the
bus
.
I
lost
my
other
glove
on
the
bus
.
Old
English
ōther
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*antheraz
,
related
to
German
anderer
and
Dutch
ander
,
originally
meaning
"
the
second
(
of
two
)."
adjective
different
from
the
one
or
ones
already
mentioned
or
known
•
We
should
look
at
the
other
options
before
deciding
.
We
should
look
at
the
other
options
before
deciding
.
•
Her
other
bag
is
much
lighter
than
this
one
.
Her
other
bag
is
much
lighter
than
this
one
.
Same
origin
as
determiner
sense
,
extending
to
mean
"
different
,
additional
."
pronoun
the
second
of
two
people
or
things
,
or
the
remaining
members
of
a
group
,
when
the
noun
is
not
repeated
•
One
cookie
is
for
you
;
the
other
is
for
me
.
One
cookie
is
for
you
;
the
other
is
for
me
.
•
Some
students
were
on
time
;
others
arrived
late
.
Some
students
were
on
time
;
others
arrived
late
.
Pronoun
use
developed
from
the
adjective/determiner
in
Middle
English
,
allowing
the
noun
to
be
omitted
.
adjective
used
before
a
noun
to
talk
about
an
additional
or
different
person
or
thing
that
is
not
the
one
already
mentioned
•
Could
I
try
the
other
flavor
of
ice
cream
?
Could
I
try
the
other
flavor
of
ice
cream
?
•
He
looked
at
the
other
map
for
more
details
.
He
looked
at
the
other
map
for
more
details
.
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
talk
about
additional
or
different
people
or
things
apart
from
the
ones
already
mentioned
•
Do
you
have
any
other
questions
about
the
homework
?
Do
you
have
any
other
questions
about
the
homework
?
•
He
stored
his
winter
coats
in
the
other
closet
.
He
stored
his
winter
coats
in
the
other
closet
.
adjective
different
from
the
one
or
ones
already
mentioned
or
remaining
after
a
part
has
been
used
or
dealt
with
•
The
puppy
chased
the
ball
to
the
other
side
of
the
garden
.
The
puppy
chased
the
ball
to
the
other
side
of
the
garden
.
•
She
wears
a
bracelet
on
her
other
wrist
when
the
left
one
feels
sore
.
She
wears
a
bracelet
on
her
other
wrist
when
the
left
one
feels
sore
.
pronoun
the
second
person
or
thing
,
or
the
remaining
people
or
things
,
that
have
already
been
mentioned
or
are
understood
•
One
of
the
candles
blew
out
;
the
other
kept
burning
.
One
of
the
candles
blew
out
;
the
other
kept
burning
.
•
Some
kids
were
playing
soccer
;
the
others
sat
under
a
tree
reading
.
Some
kids
were
playing
soccer
;
the
others
sat
under
a
tree
reading
.
pronoun
the
remaining
person
or
thing
in
a
group
of
two
or
more
when
one
has
already
been
mentioned
•
I
have
two
pens
;
one
writes
smoothly
,
but
the
other
is
dry
.
I
have
two
pens
;
one
writes
smoothly
,
but
the
other
is
dry
.
•
Some
students
chose
the
museum
,
and
the
other
preferred
the
park
.
Some
students
chose
the
museum
,
and
the
other
preferred
the
park
.
there
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
that
place
or
position
•
“
Put
the
vase
there
on
the
shelf
where
everyone
can
see
it
.”
“
Put
the
vase
there
on
the
shelf
where
everyone
can
see
it
.”
•
“
We
stayed
there
for
two
weeks
and
loved
the
beaches
.”
“
We
stayed
there
for
two
weeks
and
loved
the
beaches
.”
Old
English
thǣr
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Germanic
*þaþr
.
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
that
place
or
position
•
Please
put
the
books
there
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
window
.
Please
put
the
books
there
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
window
.
•
We
will
sit
there
during
the
concert
because
the
view
is
better
.
We
will
sit
there
during
the
concert
because
the
view
is
better
.
Old
English
“
þǣr
”
meaning
“
in
that
place
,”
related
to
“
that
.”
pronoun
used
at
the
beginning
of
a
sentence
or
clause
to
say
that
something
exists
or
happens
•
There
is
a
spider
on
the
wall
!
There
is
a
spider
on
the
wall
!
•
There
were
only
ten
tickets
left
when
I
arrived
.
There
were
only
ten
tickets
left
when
I
arrived
.
Extension
of
adverb
‘
there
’
to
a
grammatical
subject
role
in
Middle
English
.
pronoun
used
with
the
verb
“
be
”
to
say
that
something
exists
,
happens
,
or
is
present
•
There
is
a
small
café
around
the
corner
that
serves
great
pie
.
There
is
a
small
café
around
the
corner
that
serves
great
pie
.
•
There
were
more
people
at
the
festival
than
we
expected
.
There
were
more
people
at
the
festival
than
we
expected
.
Same
origin
as
the
adverb
sense
;
later
used
in
Middle
English
to
introduce
existence
clauses
.
interjection
used
,
often
repeated
,
to
comfort
or
calm
someone
who
is
upset
•
“
There
,
there
,”
the
nurse
said
softly
as
the
patient
started
to
cry
.
“
There
,
there
,”
the
nurse
said
softly
as
the
patient
started
to
cry
.
•
She
patted
the
toddler
’
s
back
,
murmuring
“
there
,
there
,
it's
all
right
.”
She
patted
the
toddler
’
s
back
,
murmuring
“
there
,
there
,
it's
all
right
.”
Derived
from
the
adverb
,
recorded
as
a
comforting
phrase
since
at
least
the
19th
century
.
interjection
used
to
express
satisfaction
,
triumph
,
or
to
draw
attention
to
something
that
has
been
done
or
given
•
There
!
The
puzzle
is
finished
at
last
.
There
!
The
puzzle
is
finished
at
last
.
•
Here
’
s
the
book
you
wanted
—
there
.
Here
’
s
the
book
you
wanted
—
there
.
Natural
extension
of
adverb
‘
there
’
as
an
exclamation
since
the
14th
century
.
where
adverb
used
to
ask
about
the
place
or
position
of
someone
or
something
•
Where
are
my
keys
?
I
can
’
t
find
them
.
Where
are
my
keys
?
I
can
’
t
find
them
.
•
Do
you
remember
where
you
parked
the
car
?
Do
you
remember
where
you
parked
the
car
?
adverb
used
to
ask
in
,
at
,
or
to
what
place
or
position
someone
or
something
is
•
"
Where
did
you
park
the
car
?"
she
asked
,
looking
around
the
busy
street
.
"
Where
did
you
park
the
car
?"
she
asked
,
looking
around
the
busy
street
.
•
Where
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
?
I'm
new
to
the
city
.
Where
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
?
I'm
new
to
the
city
.
conjunction
introduces
a
clause
that
tells
the
place
or
situation
in
which
something
happens
•
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
•
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
conjunction
introducing
a
clause
that
tells
the
place
or
situation
in
which
something
happens
•
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
•
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
far
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
to
or
at
a
great
distance
in
space
•
Far
down
the
road
,
a
small
farmhouse
stood
alone
among
the
fields
.
Far
down
the
road
,
a
small
farmhouse
stood
alone
among
the
fields
.
•
The
island
is
far
from
the
mainland
,
so
we
took
a
long
ferry
ride
.
The
island
is
far
from
the
mainland
,
so
we
took
a
long
ferry
ride
.
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
at
or
to
a
great
distance
in
space
•
The
village
is
far
away
across
the
mountains
.
The
village
is
far
away
across
the
mountains
.
•
Don't
go
too
far
into
the
forest
after
dark
.
Don't
go
too
far
into
the
forest
after
dark
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
distant
in
space
;
located
at
a
great
distance
•
We
could
see
the
lights
of
a
far
city
on
the
horizon
.
We
could
see
the
lights
of
a
far
city
on
the
horizon
.
•
He
traveled
to
a
far
country
to
study
.
He
traveled
to
a
far
country
to
study
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
distant
in
space
;
located
a
long
way
away
•
They
dreamed
of
visiting
a
far
country
.
They
dreamed
of
visiting
a
far
country
.
•
She
could
see
a
far
island
on
the
horizon
.
She
could
see
a
far
island
on
the
horizon
.
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
at
,
to
,
or
across
a
great
distance
in
space
•
“
How
far
is
the
nearest
train
station
from
here
?”
“
How
far
is
the
nearest
train
station
from
here
?”
•
The
mountain
lodge
is
far
above
the
clouds
.
The
mountain
lodge
is
far
above
the
clouds
.
Old
English
feor
,
feorr
,
related
to
German
fern
,
meaning
“
distant
.”
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
very
much
;
to
a
great
degree
or
extent
•
This
plan
is
far
better
than
the
old
one
.
This
plan
is
far
better
than
the
old
one
.
•
Her
answer
was
far
from
correct
.
Her
answer
was
far
from
correct
.
adverb
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
by
a
great
amount
or
degree
;
very
much
•
He
is
far
better
at
chess
than
I
am
.
He
is
far
better
at
chess
than
I
am
.
•
This
year's
harvest
is
far
worse
than
last
year's
.
This
year's
harvest
is
far
worse
than
last
year's
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
happening
or
existing
a
long
time
in
the
past
or
future
•
Scientists
hope
to
find
life
on
other
planets
in
the
far
future
.
Scientists
hope
to
find
life
on
other
planets
in
the
far
future
.
•
Stories
from
the
far
past
tell
of
ancient
heroes
.
Stories
from
the
far
past
tell
of
ancient
heroes
.
adjective
-
far
,
farther
,
farthest
extreme
in
position
or
opinion
,
especially
politically
•
Some
people
hold
far
right
views
about
immigration
.
Some
people
hold
far
right
views
about
immigration
.
•
The
party
moved
to
the
far
left
after
the
election
.
The
party
moved
to
the
far
left
after
the
election
.
mother
noun
a
female
parent
•
My
mother
always
reads
me
a
bedtime
story
before
I
go
to
sleep
.
My
mother
always
reads
me
a
bedtime
story
before
I
go
to
sleep
.
•
Ethan
made
breakfast
in
bed
for
his
mother
on
Mother
’
s
Day
.
Ethan
made
breakfast
in
bed
for
his
mother
on
Mother
’
s
Day
.
verb
to
care
for
and
protect
someone
as
a
mother
does
•
The
elder
elephant
gently
mothered
the
orphaned
calf
until
it
could
survive
on
its
own
.
The
elder
elephant
gently
mothered
the
orphaned
calf
until
it
could
survive
on
its
own
.
•
She
often
mothers
her
younger
teammates
,
reminding
them
to
drink
water
and
stretch
.
She
often
mothers
her
younger
teammates
,
reminding
them
to
drink
water
and
stretch
.
noun
the
place
,
cause
,
or
origin
from
which
something
develops
•
People
say
that
necessity
is
the
mother
of
invention
.
People
say
that
necessity
is
the
mother
of
invention
.
•
Ancient
rivers
were
the
mother
of
many
early
civilizations
.
Ancient
rivers
were
the
mother
of
many
early
civilizations
.
noun
a
film
or
mass
of
cellulose
and
beneficial
bacteria
that
forms
on
fermenting
liquids
such
as
vinegar
or
kombucha
•
The
cloudy
mother
at
the
bottom
of
the
jar
shows
that
the
vinegar
is
alive
.
The
cloudy
mother
at
the
bottom
of
the
jar
shows
that
the
vinegar
is
alive
.
•
Before
brewing
kombucha
,
she
transferred
a
piece
of
the
mother
to
a
new
batch
of
sweet
tea
.
Before
brewing
kombucha
,
she
transferred
a
piece
of
the
mother
to
a
new
batch
of
sweet
tea
.
high
adjective
-
high
,
higher
,
highest
extending
or
reaching
a
long
way
upward
from
the
ground
or
another
base
level
•
The
high
mountain
was
capped
with
snow
even
in
summer
.
The
high
mountain
was
capped
with
snow
even
in
summer
.
•
Please
keep
the
medicine
on
a
high
shelf
where
the
children
can't
reach
it
.
Please
keep
the
medicine
on
a
high
shelf
where
the
children
can't
reach
it
.
adjective
-
high
,
higher
,
highest
greater
than
usual
in
amount
,
level
,
or
degree
•
Today
the
temperature
is
unusually
high
for
October
.
Today
the
temperature
is
unusually
high
for
October
.
•
The
store's
prices
are
too
high
for
me
to
afford
a
new
phone
.
The
store's
prices
are
too
high
for
me
to
afford
a
new
phone
.
adverb
-
high
,
higher
,
highest
at
or
to
a
great
height
above
the
ground
•
The
kite
flew
high
in
the
summer
sky
.
The
kite
flew
high
in
the
summer
sky
.
•
Sparks
shot
high
into
the
air
when
the
welder
touched
metal
to
metal
.
Sparks
shot
high
into
the
air
when
the
welder
touched
metal
to
metal
.
another
determiner
used
before
a
singular
countable
noun
to
talk
about
one
more
person
or
thing
of
the
same
kind
•
Would
you
like
another
slice
of
pizza
?
Would
you
like
another
slice
of
pizza
?
•
He
stayed
up
late
to
read
another
chapter
of
his
book
.
He
stayed
up
late
to
read
another
chapter
of
his
book
.
from
Middle
English
an
other
,
literally
“
one
other
”
pronoun
one
more
person
or
thing
of
the
same
kind
•
These
cookies
are
delicious
;
I
think
I'll
have
another
.
These
cookies
are
delicious
;
I
think
I'll
have
another
.
•
One
cup
of
coffee
wasn't
enough
,
so
he
poured
himself
another
.
One
cup
of
coffee
wasn't
enough
,
so
he
poured
himself
another
.
determiner
one
more
person
or
thing
of
the
same
kind
,
or
a
different
one
replacing
the
first
•
Could
I
have
another
slice
of
cake
,
please
?
Could
I
have
another
slice
of
cake
,
please
?
•
After
the
rainy
morning
,
the
hikers
hoped
for
another
sunny
day
.
After
the
rainy
morning
,
the
hikers
hoped
for
another
sunny
day
.
Middle
English
an
other
,
from
Old
English
ān
ōther
,
literally
“
one
other
.”
pronoun
one
more
person
or
thing
,
used
without
a
following
noun
•
I
already
have
a
pen
;
do
you
need
another
?
I
already
have
a
pen
;
do
you
need
another
?
•
Some
children
chose
soccer
;
another
preferred
painting
.
Some
children
chose
soccer
;
another
preferred
painting
.
Same
origin
as
the
determiner
:
from
Old
English
ān
ōther
, “
one
other
.”
determiner
used
before
a
singular
countable
noun
to
refer
to
a
different
person
or
thing
instead
of
the
one
already
mentioned
•
The
bus
was
full
,
so
we
took
another
route
home
.
The
bus
was
full
,
so
we
took
another
route
home
.
•
If
this
key
doesn't
fit
,
try
another
lock
.
If
this
key
doesn't
fit
,
try
another
lock
.
pronoun
a
different
person
or
thing
instead
of
the
one
already
mentioned
•
This
pen
is
empty
;
hand
me
another
.
This
pen
is
empty
;
hand
me
another
.
•
The
first
answer
was
wrong
,
so
she
wrote
another
.
The
first
answer
was
wrong
,
so
she
wrote
another
.
father
noun
a
male
parent
•
My
father
taught
me
how
to
ride
a
bike
.
My
father
taught
me
how
to
ride
a
bike
.
•
Emma
called
her
father
to
tell
him
the
good
news
.
Emma
called
her
father
to
tell
him
the
good
news
.
Old
English
fæder
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*fader
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Indo-European
*pH₂tér-
,
a
common
root
for
“
father
”
across
many
languages
.
noun
a
man
who
starts
or
invents
something
important
and
is
seen
as
its
originator
•
Alexander
Fleming
is
often
called
the
father
of
antibiotics
.
Alexander
Fleming
is
often
called
the
father
of
antibiotics
.
•
Sir
Tim
Berners-Lee
is
widely
regarded
as
the
father
of
the
World
Wide
Web
.
Sir
Tim
Berners-Lee
is
widely
regarded
as
the
father
of
the
World
Wide
Web
.
verb
to
be
the
male
parent
of
a
child
or
to
create
something
new
•
He
fathered
three
children
before
he
turned
thirty
.
He
fathered
three
children
before
he
turned
thirty
.
•
Scientists
discovered
that
one
male
turtle
had
fathered
over
a
hundred
hatchlings
on
the
island
.
Scientists
discovered
that
one
male
turtle
had
fathered
over
a
hundred
hatchlings
on
the
island
.
Father
noun
a
respectful
title
or
form
of
address
for
a
male
priest
in
some
Christian
churches
•
The
villagers
asked
Father
Miguel
to
bless
the
new
well
.
The
villagers
asked
Father
Miguel
to
bless
the
new
well
.
•
During
confession
,
I
spoke
quietly
with
Father
Thomas
.
During
confession
,
I
spoke
quietly
with
Father
Thomas
.
together
adverb
with
or
near
someone
or
something
else
,
in
the
same
place
or
group
•
The
children
played
together
in
the
park
.
The
children
played
together
in
the
park
.
•
Let
’
s
sit
together
at
the
concert
so
we
can
talk
.
Let
’
s
sit
together
at
the
concert
so
we
can
talk
.
adverb
into
one
piece
or
group
after
being
separate
•
She
glued
the
broken
vase
back
together
.
She
glued
the
broken
vase
back
together
.
•
Push
the
desks
together
to
make
one
big
table
.
Push
the
desks
together
to
make
one
big
table
.
adjective
(
informal
)
well-organized
,
calm
,
and
in
control
of
your
life
or
a
situation
•
Jada
is
so
together
—
she
never
forgets
a
deadline
.
Jada
is
so
together
—
she
never
forgets
a
deadline
.
•
After
therapy
,
he
felt
more
together
than
ever
.
After
therapy
,
he
felt
more
together
than
ever
.
together with
preposition
in
addition
to
;
along
with
•
She
sent
the
invoice
together
with
the
signed
contract
.
She
sent
the
invoice
together with
the
signed
contract
.
•
The
teacher
,
together
with
the
students
,
planted
trees
behind
the
school
.
The
teacher
,
together with
the
students
,
planted
trees
behind
the
school
.
whether
conjunction
used
to
introduce
two
or
more
possibilities
or
to
show
doubt
between
alternatives
•
She's
not
sure
whether
to
study
medicine
or
engineering
.
She's
not
sure
whether
to
study
medicine
or
engineering
.
•
Do
you
know
whether
he
called
last
night
?
Do
you
know
whether
he
called
last
night
?
Old
English
hwæther
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hwatara
“
which
of
two
”.
conjunction
used
to
say
that
it
makes
no
difference
which
of
the
alternatives
is
true
,
often
followed
by
“
or
not
”
•
We're
going
hiking
tomorrow
whether
it
rains
or
not
.
We're
going
hiking
tomorrow
whether
it
rains
or
not
.
•
I'll
support
you
whether
you
succeed
or
fail
.
I'll
support
you
whether
you
succeed
or
fail
.
Old
English
hwæther
,
same
root
as
the
alternative-introducing
sense
,
later
broadened
to
express
indifference
to
outcome
.
teacher
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
help
students
learn
in
a
school
,
college
,
or
other
place
of
education
•
The
teacher
wrote
the
math
problem
on
the
board
.
The
teacher
wrote
the
math
problem
on
the
board
.
•
Our
English
teacher
always
starts
class
with
a
funny
story
.
Our
English
teacher
always
starts
class
with
a
funny
story
.
From
Old
English
‘
tǣċere
’,
meaning
‘
one
who
teaches
’,
derived
from
the
verb
‘
teach
’.
noun
something
,
such
as
an
experience
or
example
,
that
gives
you
important
lessons
about
life
or
how
to
do
something
•
Failure
can
be
a
tough
teacher
,
but
it
helps
you
grow
.
Failure
can
be
a
tough
teacher
,
but
it
helps
you
grow
.
•
Travel
is
a
great
teacher
of
patience
and
adaptability
.
Travel
is
a
great
teacher
of
patience
and
adaptability
.
The
figurative
sense
developed
in
the
16th
century
by
extending
the
literal
idea
of
a
person
who
teaches
to
abstract
forces
that
shape
understanding
.
either
determiner
used
before
a
singular
noun
to
mean
one
or
the
other
of
two
things
or
people
•
You
can
take
either
road
to
the
beach
;
they
both
lead
there
.
You
can
take
either
road
to
the
beach
;
they
both
lead
there
.
•
I
don't
mind
;
either
option
works
for
me
.
I
don't
mind
;
either
option
works
for
me
.
Old
English
ǣgther
,
ǣgthera
‘
each
of
two
’,
from
a
Germanic
base
meaning
‘
both
’.
Later
sense
shifted
to
‘
one
or
the
other
’.
pronoun
one
or
the
other
of
two
people
or
things
already
mentioned
•
I
haven't
read
either
of
the
books
you
mentioned
.
I
haven't
read
either
of
the
books
you
mentioned
.
•
We
can
sit
on
these
chairs
—
either
is
fine
.
We
can
sit
on
these
chairs
—
either
is
fine
.
Same
origin
as
determiner
sense
:
Old
English
ǣgther
,
ǣgthera
.
determiner
one
or
the
other
of
two
people
or
things
,
or
each
of
the
two
,
used
before
a
singular
noun
•
You
can
sit
on
either
side
of
the
fireplace
.
You
can
sit
on
either
side
of
the
fireplace
.
•
Either
door
at
the
front
of
the
shop
is
unlocked
.
Either
door
at
the
front
of
the
shop
is
unlocked
.
Old
English
ǣgther
,
ǣghwather
,
meaning
“
each
of
two
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
roots
meaning
“
both
.”
pronoun
one
or
the
other
of
two
people
or
things
when
stated
alone
•
There
are
two
slices
of
cake
;
you
may
have
either
.
There
are
two
slices
of
cake
;
you
may
have
either
.
•
I
haven't
met
either
of
your
brothers
.
I
haven't
met
either
of
your
brothers
.
conjunction
used
with
“
or
”
to
introduce
the
first
of
two
alternatives
•
You
can
either
come
with
us
or
stay
home
.
You
can
either
come
with
us
or
stay
home
.
•
She
will
either
phone
or
email
you
later
.
She
will
either
phone
or
email
you
later
.
conjunction
used
before
the
first
of
two
alternatives
to
link
them
with
‘
or
’
•
Either
you
apologize
,
or
we
end
the
discussion
here
.
Either
you
apologize
,
or
we
end
the
discussion
here
.
•
We
can
either
cook
at
home
,
or
order
pizza
.
We
can
either
cook
at
home
,
or
order
pizza
.
Expanded
from
determiner
sense
in
Middle
English
to
introduce
alternatives
with
‘
or
’.
adverb
used
in
negative
statements
to
mean
‘
also
not
’
or
‘
as
well
’
•
I
don't
like
spinach
,
and
my
brother
doesn't
either
.
I
don't
like
spinach
,
and
my
brother
doesn't
either
.
•
They
weren't
invited
either
.
They
weren't
invited
either
.
Adverbial
use
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
conjunction
sense
,
shifting
to
negative
contexts
meaning
‘
also
not
’.
adverb
used
after
a
negative
statement
to
mean
“
also
not
”
•
I
don
’
t
like
spinach
and
she
doesn
’
t
either
.
I
don
’
t
like
spinach
and
she
doesn
’
t
either
.
•
The
museum
wasn't
open
yesterday
either
.
The
museum
wasn't
open
yesterday
either
.
brother
noun
a
boy
or
man
who
has
the
same
parents
as
you
•
My
brother
and
I
built
a
tree
house
in
the
backyard
.
My
brother
and
I
built
a
tree
house
in
the
backyard
.
•
Emily
hugged
her
newborn
brother
gently
in
the
hospital
room
.
Emily
hugged
her
newborn
brother
gently
in
the
hospital
room
.
Old
English
“
brōþor
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*brōþēr
,
related
to
Latin
“
frāter
”.
noun
a
male
member
of
the
same
religious
order
,
organization
,
or
close
group
,
often
used
as
a
title
•
Brother
Michael
rang
the
chapel
bell
at
dawn
.
Brother
Michael
rang
the
chapel
bell
at
dawn
.
•
The
young
monks
treated
every
visitor
as
a
brother
in
faith
.
The
young
monks
treated
every
visitor
as
a
brother
in
faith
.
noun
used
by
one
man
to
address
another
man
in
a
friendly
or
supportive
way
•
“
Thanks
for
your
help
,
brother
!”
he
said
with
a
grin
.
“
Thanks
for
your
help
,
brother
!”
he
said
with
a
grin
.
•
“
Hey
,
brother
,
do
you
need
a
ride
downtown
?”
asked
the
taxi
driver
.
“
Hey
,
brother
,
do
you
need
a
ride
downtown
?”
asked
the
taxi
driver
.
rather
adverb
to
a
fairly
high
degree
,
but
not
extremely
•
It
was
rather
cold
this
morning
,
so
I
wore
a
scarf
.
It
was
rather
cold
this
morning
,
so
I
wore
a
scarf
.
•
The
movie
was
rather
funny
,
and
everyone
in
the
theater
laughed
.
The
movie
was
rather
funny
,
and
everyone
in
the
theater
laughed
.
adverb
to
a
fairly
high
or
noticeable
degree
,
but
not
extremely
•
The
soup
is
rather
salty
tonight
.
The
soup
is
rather
salty
tonight
.
•
It
was
rather
cold
,
so
James
grabbed
his
coat
before
leaving
the
house
.
It
was
rather
cold
,
so
James
grabbed
his
coat
before
leaving
the
house
.
From
Old
English
‘
hrathor
’
meaning
‘
sooner
,
more
readily
’,
later
evolving
to
express
degree
and
preference
.
adverb
used
to
introduce
a
correction
or
a
more
accurate
statement
•
He
was
angry
—
rather
,
disappointed
—
when
he
heard
the
news
.
He
was
angry
—
rather
,
disappointed
—
when
he
heard
the
news
.
•
The
book
is
a
biography
,
or
rather
,
a
memoir
.
The
book
is
a
biography
,
or
rather
,
a
memoir
.
adverb
more
willingly
;
preferably
•
I
’
d
rather
stay
home
tonight
.
I
’
d
rather
stay
home
tonight
.
•
Would
you
rather
have
coffee
or
tea
?
Would
you
rather
have
coffee
or
tea
?
conjunction
used
with
“
than
”
to
show
preference
between
two
things
•
She
chose
water
rather
than
soda
.
She
chose
water
rather
than
soda
.
•
Take
the
train
rather
than
drive
—
it
’
s
quicker
.
Take
the
train
rather
than
drive
—
it
’
s
quicker
.
adverb
to
a
fairly
high
degree
;
a
little
more
than
expected
or
usual
•
It's
rather
cold
outside
for
a
spring
morning
.
It's
rather
cold
outside
for
a
spring
morning
.
•
The
movie
was
rather
interesting
despite
its
small
budget
.
The
movie
was
rather
interesting
despite
its
small
budget
.
From
Middle
English
‘
rather
’
meaning
‘
sooner
,
earlier
’,
from
Old
English
‘
hrathor
’
meaning
‘
more
quickly
’.
adverb
used
with
verbs
like
“
would
”
or
in
the
phrase
“
rather
than
”
to
show
what
you
prefer
•
I
would
rather
stay
home
tonight
than
go
to
the
crowded
club
.
I
would
rather
stay
home
tonight
than
go
to
the
crowded
club
.
•
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
adverb
used
with
“
would
”
or
another
modal
verb
to
show
preference
for
one
thing
over
another
•
I
’
d
rather
stay
in
and
read
than
go
to
the
party
.
I
’
d
rather
stay
in
and
read
than
go
to
the
party
.
•
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
Would
you
rather
have
tea
or
coffee
?
adverb
used
to
correct
or
clarify
something
you
have
just
said
•
The
concert
is
on
Friday
—
or
rather
,
very
late
Thursday
night
.
The
concert
is
on
Friday
—
or
rather
,
very
late
Thursday
night
.
•
She
’
s
from
Spain
,
or
rather
,
from
Catalonia
.
She
’
s
from
Spain
,
or
rather
,
from
Catalonia
.
interjection
used
mainly
in
British
English
to
express
strong
,
enthusiastic
agreement
•
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
he
replied
with
a
grin
.
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
he
replied
with
a
grin
.
•
When
asked
if
she
wanted
another
slice
of
cake
,
she
exclaimed
, “
Rather
!”
When
asked
if
she
wanted
another
slice
of
cake
,
she
exclaimed
, “
Rather
!”
adverb
used
to
correct
or
clarify
what
was
just
said
and
state
something
more
accurate
•
It
happened
on
Tuesday
,
or
rather
,
early
Wednesday
morning
.
It
happened
on
Tuesday
,
or
rather
,
early
Wednesday
morning
.
•
He
is
my
colleague
,
or
rather
my
mentor
.
He
is
my
colleague
,
or
rather
my
mentor
.
interjection
used
to
show
strong
and
enthusiastic
agreement
•
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
“
Fancy
a
game
of
tennis
?” — “
Rather
!”
•
“
Was
the
concert
amazing
?” — “
Rather
!”
she
replied
with
a
grin
.
“
Was
the
concert
amazing
?” — “
Rather
!”
she
replied
with
a
grin
.
therefore
adverb
for
that
reason
;
as
a
result
•
It
was
raining
heavily
;
therefore
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
.
It
was
raining
heavily
;
therefore
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
.
•
Liam
forgot
his
wallet
and
therefore
couldn
’
t
buy
a
train
ticket
.
Liam
forgot
his
wallet
and
therefore
couldn
’
t
buy
a
train
ticket
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
English
thǣrfore
,
formed
from
thǣr
‘
there
’
+
fore
‘
for
’
meaning
‘
for
that
(
reason
)’.
conjunction
so
or
consequently
,
introducing
a
conclusion
that
follows
from
what
was
said
•
The
data
were
incomplete
;
therefore
the
researchers
postponed
publishing
their
findings
.
The
data
were
incomplete
;
therefore
the
researchers
postponed
publishing
their
findings
.
•
She
had
no
valid
ID
,
and
therefore
she
was
denied
entry
to
the
club
.
She
had
no
valid
ID
,
and
therefore
she
was
denied
entry
to
the
club
.
Same
origin
as
the
adverb
sense
:
Middle
English
thǣrfore
‘
for
that
reason
’.
rich
adjective
-
rich
,
richer
,
richest
having
a
lot
of
money
,
property
,
or
valuable
possessions
•
The
rich
businessman
donated
a
new
library
to
the
town
.
The
rich
businessman
donated
a
new
library
to
the
town
.
•
They
dreamed
of
becoming
rich
enough
to
travel
the
world
.
They
dreamed
of
becoming
rich
enough
to
travel
the
world
.
Old
English
‘
ricce
’
meaning
“
powerful
”
or
“
wealthy
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*riki-
.
tough
adjective
-
tough
,
tougher
,
toughest
difficult
to
do
,
understand
,
or
deal
with
•
The
exam
was
so
tough
that
only
a
few
students
finished
on
time
.
The
exam
was
so
tough
that
only
a
few
students
finished
on
time
.
•
Climbing
the
steep
hill
turned
out
to
be
tough
for
the
hikers
.
Climbing
the
steep
hill
turned
out
to
be
tough
for
the
hikers
.
From
Middle
English
"
tough
",
from
Old
English
"
tōh
"
meaning
"
hard
,
strong
,
tenacious
".
adjective
-
tough
,
tougher
,
toughest
(
of
food
or
material
)
hard
to
cut
,
chew
,
or
bend
•
The
steak
was
tough
,
so
we
sent
it
back
to
the
kitchen
.
The
steak
was
tough
,
so
we
sent
it
back
to
the
kitchen
.
•
After
boiling
too
long
,
the
squid
turned
tough
.
After
boiling
too
long
,
the
squid
turned
tough
.
adjective
-
tough
,
tougher
,
toughest
physically
or
mentally
strong
and
able
to
withstand
hardship
or
damage
•
My
grandmother
is
a
tough
woman
who
still
jogs
every
morning
.
My
grandmother
is
a
tough
woman
who
still
jogs
every
morning
.
•
The
phone
has
a
tough
case
that
protects
it
from
drops
.
The
phone
has
a
tough
case
that
protects
it
from
drops
.
adjective
-
tough
,
tougher
,
toughest
strict
,
firm
,
and
showing
little
sympathy
•
The
school
has
tough
rules
against
cheating
.
The
school
has
tough
rules
against
cheating
.
•
The
judge
took
a
tough
stance
on
corruption
cases
.
The
judge
took
a
tough
stance
on
corruption
cases
.
researcher
noun
a
person
who
studies
a
subject
closely
in
order
to
discover
new
facts
or
deepen
knowledge
about
it
•
The
researcher
examined
the
soil
samples
under
a
microscope
.
The
researcher
examined
the
soil
samples
under
a
microscope
.
•
As
a
medical
researcher
,
she
hopes
to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease
.
As
a
medical
researcher
,
she
hopes
to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease
.
From
research
+
-er
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
17th
century
.
otherwise
adverb
in
a
different
way
or
manner
;
differently
•
The
chef
told
his
apprentice
to
slice
the
carrots
evenly
and
not
otherwise
.
The
chef
told
his
apprentice
to
slice
the
carrots
evenly
and
not
otherwise
.
•
If
you
arrange
the
puzzle
pieces
otherwise
,
the
picture
of
the
castle
will
not
line
up
.
If
you
arrange
the
puzzle
pieces
otherwise
,
the
picture
of
the
castle
will
not
line
up
.
From
Middle
English
otherwise
,
from
Old
English
othrāwīse
(“
in
another
manner
”).
adverb
apart
from
that
;
in
other
respects
•
He
was
exhausted
after
the
hike
,
but
otherwise
he
felt
fine
.
He
was
exhausted
after
the
hike
,
but
otherwise
he
felt
fine
.
•
The
report
needs
a
new
cover
page
;
otherwise
everything
is
ready
for
printing
.
The
report
needs
a
new
cover
page
;
otherwise
everything
is
ready
for
printing
.
conjunction
used
to
say
what
will
happen
if
something
is
not
done
or
does
not
happen
;
if
not
;
or
else
•
Put
on
your
coat
,
otherwise
you
’
ll
catch
a
cold
.
Put
on
your
coat
,
otherwise
you
’
ll
catch
a
cold
.
•
We
must
hurry
,
otherwise
we
will
miss
the
train
.
We
must
hurry
,
otherwise
we
will
miss
the
train
.
adjective
different
from
what
has
just
been
mentioned
;
in
a
different
state
or
condition
•
It
was
an
otherwise
quiet
village
until
the
festival
began
.
It
was
an
otherwise
quiet
village
until
the
festival
began
.
•
An
otherwise
calm
cat
suddenly
jumped
when
the
balloon
popped
.
An
otherwise
calm
cat
suddenly
jumped
when
the
balloon
popped
.
fresh
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
food
or
drink
that
is
fresh
has
been
made
,
picked
,
or
caught
very
recently
and
has
not
spoiled
or
been
preserved
.
•
The
bakery
opens
at
dawn
,
so
the
bread
is
always
fresh
when
you
buy
it
.
The
bakery
opens
at
dawn
,
so
the
bread
is
always
fresh
when
you
buy
it
.
•
We
bought
fresh
strawberries
straight
from
the
farm
stand
.
We
bought
fresh
strawberries
straight
from
the
farm
stand
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
air
,
water
,
or
weather
that
is
fresh
is
clean
,
cool
,
and
pleasant
.
•
Let
’
s
open
the
window
and
let
in
some
fresh
air
.
Let
’
s
open
the
window
and
let
in
some
fresh
air
.
•
After
the
rain
,
the
forest
smelled
wonderfully
fresh
.
After
the
rain
,
the
forest
smelled
wonderfully
fresh
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
something
fresh
such
as
an
idea
,
view
,
or
product
is
new
and
not
like
things
that
existed
before
.
•
The
designer
brought
a
fresh
perspective
to
the
project
.
The
designer
brought
a
fresh
perspective
to
the
project
.
•
We
need
a
fresh
idea
to
attract
more
customers
.
We
need
a
fresh
idea
to
attract
more
customers
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
if
you
feel
fresh
,
you
are
not
tired
and
are
full
of
energy
.
•
After
a
long
night
’
s
sleep
,
I
felt
fresh
and
ready
for
work
.
After
a
long
night
’
s
sleep
,
I
felt
fresh
and
ready
for
work
.
•
Take
a
cold
shower
and
you
’
ll
feel
fresh
again
.
Take
a
cold
shower
and
you
’
ll
feel
fresh
again
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
someone
or
something
that
is
fresh
from
or
out
of
a
place
or
activity
has
just
come
from
it
very
recently
.
•
She
is
fresh
out
of
college
and
eager
to
start
her
career
.
She
is
fresh
out
of
college
and
eager
to
start
her
career
.
•
The
coach
picked
players
who
were
fresh
from
the
youth
academy
.
The
coach
picked
players
who
were
fresh
from
the
youth
academy
.
adjective
-
fresh
,
fresher
,
freshest
informal
—
someone
who
is
fresh
behaves
in
a
slightly
rude
or
disrespectful
way
,
speaking
too
boldly
or
familiarly
.
•
Don
’
t
get
fresh
with
your
teacher
,
or
you
’
ll
be
in
trouble
.
Don
’
t
get
fresh
with
your
teacher
,
or
you
’
ll
be
in
trouble
.
•
He
made
a
fresh
remark
that
upset
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
He
made
a
fresh
remark
that
upset
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
southern
adjective
located
in
,
coming
from
,
or
connected
with
the
south
part
of
a
place
or
the
world
•
Many
species
of
penguin
live
only
in
the
southern
oceans
near
Antarctica
.
Many
species
of
penguin
live
only
in
the
southern
oceans
near
Antarctica
.
•
Tourists
flock
to
the
southern
coast
of
Spain
for
warm
sunshine
in
winter
.
Tourists
flock
to
the
southern
coast
of
Spain
for
warm
sunshine
in
winter
.
Old
English
suðerne
(
from
suð
“
south
”
+
-ern
).
Southern
adjective
relating
to
the
culture
,
people
,
or
traditions
of
the
southern
part
of
a
particular
country
,
especially
the
United
States
•
She
spoke
with
a
gentle
Southern
accent
that
reminded
me
of
Georgia
.
She
spoke
with
a
gentle
Southern
accent
that
reminded
me
of
Georgia
.
•
We
tasted
authentic
Southern
barbecue
at
a
roadside
diner
in
Alabama
.
We
tasted
authentic
Southern
barbecue
at
a
roadside
diner
in
Alabama
.
Capitalized
use
arose
to
denote
cultural
identity
of
the
southern
United
States
(
19th
c
.).
somewhere
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
a
place
that
is
not
known
,
named
,
or
specified
•
I
left
my
glasses
somewhere
in
the
kitchen
.
I
left
my
glasses
somewhere
in
the
kitchen
.
•
His
phone
is
ringing
somewhere
in
his
backpack
.
His
phone
is
ringing
somewhere
in
his
backpack
.
adverb
used
to
show
that
a
number
,
amount
,
or
time
is
approximate
•
The
repairs
will
cost
somewhere
around
$500
.
The
repairs
will
cost
somewhere
around
$500
.
•
It's
somewhere
around
midnight
,
and
the
streets
are
empty
.
It's
somewhere
around
midnight
,
and
the
streets
are
empty
.
noun
-
somewhere
an
unspecified
or
unknown
place
•
Let's
stop
and
eat
somewhere
before
the
movie
.
Let's
stop
and
eat
somewhere
before
the
movie
.
•
We
need
somewhere
quiet
to
study
.
We
need
somewhere
quiet
to
study
.
gather
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
bring
things
or
people
together
into
one
place
or
group
•
At
the
end
of
the
picnic
,
we
gather
the
empty
plates
and
cups
into
a
trash
bag
.
At
the
end
of
the
picnic
,
we
gather
the
empty
plates
and
cups
into
a
trash
bag
.
•
The
librarian
asked
visitors
to
gather
their
belongings
before
the
library
closed
.
The
librarian
asked
visitors
to
gather
their
belongings
before
the
library
closed
.
Old
English
gaderian
,
from
a
Germanic
root
meaning
“
come
together
.”
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
come
together
in
a
group
•
A
small
crowd
began
to
gather
outside
the
museum
before
it
opened
.
A
small
crowd
began
to
gather
outside
the
museum
before
it
opened
.
•
On
New
Year's
Eve
,
families
gather
around
the
television
to
watch
the
countdown
.
On
New
Year's
Eve
,
families
gather
around
the
television
to
watch
the
countdown
.
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
understand
or
believe
something
after
considering
information
•
From
her
smile
,
I
gather
that
she
liked
the
surprise
.
From
her
smile
,
I
gather
that
she
liked
the
surprise
.
•
I
gather
you
have
finished
the
report
,
judging
by
your
relaxed
face
.
I
gather
you
have
finished
the
report
,
judging
by
your
relaxed
face
.
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
pull
fabric
together
in
small
folds
•
She
gather
the
fabric
at
the
waist
to
make
the
skirt
look
fuller
.
She
gather
the
fabric
at
the
waist
to
make
the
skirt
look
fuller
.
•
The
seamstress
will
gather
the
sleeves
before
sewing
them
on
.
The
seamstress
will
gather
the
sleeves
before
sewing
them
on
.
noun
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
a
small
fold
or
pleat
made
by
gathering
fabric
•
The
blouse
has
a
neat
gather
at
each
shoulder
.
The
blouse
has
a
neat
gather
at
each
shoulder
.
•
Tiny
gathers
give
the
dress
a
graceful
flow
.
Tiny
gathers
give
the
dress
a
graceful
flow
.
weather
noun
-
weather
the
condition
of
the
air
outside
at
a
particular
time
,
including
temperature
,
sunshine
,
rain
,
wind
,
and
other
factors
•
The
weather
was
sunny
and
warm
,
so
the
family
had
a
picnic
in
the
park
.
The
weather
was
sunny
and
warm
,
so
the
family
had
a
picnic
in
the
park
.
•
According
to
the
forecast
,
cold
weather
will
arrive
tonight
.
According
to
the
forecast
,
cold
weather
will
arrive
tonight
.
Old
English
‘
weder
’
meaning
‘
air
,
sky
,
storm
,
wind
’,
of
Germanic
origin
.
verb
to
gradually
change
in
color
,
shape
,
or
surface
because
of
exposure
to
sun
,
wind
,
rain
,
or
other
outdoor
conditions
•
The
wooden
fence
has
weathered
to
a
soft
gray
over
the
years
.
The
wooden
fence
has
weathered
to
a
soft
gray
over
the
years
.
•
Stone
statues
weather
slowly
when
they
stand
in
salty
sea
air
.
Stone
statues
weather
slowly
when
they
stand
in
salty
sea
air
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
:
surfaces
change
because
of
the
action
of
weather
.
verb
to
survive
or
successfully
deal
with
a
difficult
or
dangerous
situation
•
The
small
company
weathered
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
and
innovating
.
The
small
company
weathered
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
and
innovating
.
•
The
sailors
weathered
the
fierce
storm
and
reached
the
port
safely
.
The
sailors
weathered
the
fierce
storm
and
reached
the
port
safely
.
Figurative
use
from
earlier
nautical
sense
of
‘
come
safely
through
bad
weather
’.
adjective
located
on
or
toward
the
side
from
which
the
wind
is
blowing
,
especially
on
a
ship
•
The
captain
ordered
everyone
to
move
to
the
weather
side
of
the
deck
.
The
captain
ordered
everyone
to
move
to
the
weather
side
of
the
deck
.
•
Cargo
was
secured
on
the
weather
rail
to
balance
the
vessel
.
Cargo
was
secured
on
the
weather
rail
to
balance
the
vessel
.
From
nautical
use
of
noun
‘
weather
’
meaning
‘
windward
direction
’ (
17th
century
).
anywhere
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
any
place
•
You
can
sit
anywhere
you
like
.
You
can
sit
anywhere
you
like
.
•
I
looked
for
my
phone
but
couldn
’
t
find
it
anywhere
.
I
looked
for
my
phone
but
couldn
’
t
find
it
anywhere
.
From
the
combination
of
any
+
where
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
pronoun
any
place
,
especially
when
the
specific
place
does
not
matter
•
Anywhere
is
better
than
staying
in
this
traffic
jam
.
Anywhere
is
better
than
staying
in
this
traffic
jam
.
•
For
the
adventurous
couple
,
anywhere
could
become
home
.
For
the
adventurous
couple
,
anywhere
could
become
home
.
Evolved
from
the
adverb
"
anywhere
"
being
re-analysed
as
a
pronoun
in
the
17th
century
.
neither
conjunction
used
to
link
two
words
,
phrases
,
or
clauses
and
show
that
not
one
and
not
the
other
is
true
,
happens
,
or
is
chosen
•
Neither
the
heavy
rain
nor
the
strong
wind
could
stop
the
parade
.
Neither
the
heavy
rain
nor
the
strong
wind
could
stop
the
parade
.
•
The
referee
warned
that
neither
team
would
win
if
they
kept
arguing
.
The
referee
warned
that
neither
team
would
win
if
they
kept
arguing
.
adverb
used
to
agree
with
a
negative
statement
,
meaning
‘
also
not
’
•
“
I
don
’
t
like
spicy
food
.” “
Neither
do
I
.”
“
I
don
’
t
like
spicy
food
.” “
Neither
do
I
.”
•
Sasha
hasn
’
t
finished
,
and
neither
have
I
.
Sasha
hasn
’
t
finished
,
and
neither
have
I
.
pronoun
not
one
or
the
other
of
two
people
or
things
that
have
been
mentioned
•
Neither
was
willing
to
apologize
after
the
argument
.
Neither
was
willing
to
apologize
after
the
argument
.
•
I
tried
two
passwords
but
neither
worked
.
I
tried
two
passwords
but
neither
worked
.
determiner
used
before
a
singular
noun
to
show
that
not
one
and
not
the
other
of
two
things
is
chosen
or
happens
•
We
can
meet
on
neither
day
because
I
will
be
away
.
We
can
meet
on
neither
day
because
I
will
be
away
.
•
She
bought
neither
dress
because
they
were
too
expensive
.
She
bought
neither
dress
because
they
were
too
expensive
.
bother
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
annoy
,
disturb
,
or
upset
someone
•
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
•
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
Early
18th
century
,
origin
uncertain
;
perhaps
related
to
Irish
‘
bodhar
’
meaning
‘
deaf
,
dull
’.
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
make
the
effort
to
do
something
,
especially
when
it
seems
unnecessary
•
She
didn't
bother
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
leaving
.
She
didn't
bother
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
leaving
.
•
Why
bother
fixing
it
if
it's
cheaper
to
buy
a
new
one
?
Why
bother
fixing
it
if
it's
cheaper
to
buy
a
new
one
?
noun
a
small
amount
of
trouble
,
effort
,
or
worry
that
makes
a
task
unpleasant
•
Cleaning
the
attic
is
such
a
bother
.
Cleaning
the
attic
is
such
a
bother
.
•
Sorry
to
be
a
bother
,
but
could
I
borrow
a
pen
?
Sorry
to
be
a
bother
,
but
could
I
borrow
a
pen
?
interjection
used
to
express
mild
annoyance
or
frustration
•
Bother
!
I
left
my
keys
at
home
.
Bother
!
I
left
my
keys
at
home
.
•
Bother
!
The
printer
jammed
again
.
Bother
!
The
printer
jammed
again
.
everywhere
adverb
in
or
to
all
places
•
She
looked
everywhere
for
her
missing
keys
.
She
looked
everywhere
for
her
missing
keys
.
•
Wildflowers
grow
everywhere
in
the
valley
during
spring
.
Wildflowers
grow
everywhere
in
the
valley
during
spring
.
from
Middle
English
everi
where
,
combining
everi
(“
every
”)
+
where
(“
place
”),
later
fused
into
one
word
pronoun
all
places
considered
together
;
every
place
•
Everywhere
is
quieter
after
the
snowstorm
.
Everywhere
is
quieter
after
the
snowstorm
.
•
During
the
blackout
,
everywhere
was
dark
and
silent
.
During
the
blackout
,
everywhere
was
dark
and
silent
.
developed
from
the
adverb
"
everywhere
"
used
substantively
to
mean
“
every
place
”
northern
adjective
located
in
or
relating
to
the
north
part
of
a
place
,
country
,
or
the
world
•
They
moved
to
a
northern
town
to
enjoy
cooler
summers
.
They
moved
to
a
northern
town
to
enjoy
cooler
summers
.
•
Polar
bears
live
in
the
northern
areas
of
Canada
.
Polar
bears
live
in
the
northern
areas
of
Canada
.
Old
English
‘
norðerne
’,
from
‘
norð
’
meaning
“
north
”
+
‘
-ern
’
adjective
suffix
.
adjective
facing
,
pointing
toward
,
or
moving
in
the
direction
of
the
north
•
Our
tent's
entrance
is
on
the
northern
side
to
catch
the
morning
sun
.
Our
tent's
entrance
is
on
the
northern
side
to
catch
the
morning
sun
.
•
The
sailors
adjusted
the
sails
to
follow
a
northern
course
.
The
sailors
adjusted
the
sails
to
follow
a
northern
course
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
‘
northern
’
meaning
“
toward
the
north
,”
used
for
directions
since
Middle
English
times
.
Other
noun
a
person
or
group
regarded
as
different
from
and
outside
oneself
or
one
’
s
own
social
group
•
Philosophers
discuss
the
Other
as
everything
outside
the
self
.
Philosophers
discuss
the
Other
as
everything
outside
the
self
.
•
The
novel
explores
the
fear
of
the
Other
in
a
small
town
.
The
novel
explores
the
fear
of
the
Other
in
a
small
town
.
from
Middle
English
"
other
",
Old
English
"
ōther
",
related
to
German
"
ander
"
and
Latin
"
alter
"
therapy
noun
-
therapy
,
therapies
treatment
given
to
cure
or
relieve
a
physical
or
mental
illness
or
disability
,
often
using
medicine
,
exercises
,
or
talking
rather
than
surgery
•
After
her
accident
,
Maria
received
physical
therapy
to
help
her
walk
again
.
After
her
accident
,
Maria
received
physical
therapy
to
help
her
walk
again
.
•
The
doctor
said
a
course
of
radiation
therapy
could
shrink
the
tumor
.
The
doctor
said
a
course
of
radiation
therapy
could
shrink
the
tumor
.
Early
19th
century
,
from
Greek
therapeia
‘
healing
’,
from
therapeuein
‘
treat
medically
’.
noun
-
therapy
,
therapies
an
activity
or
experience
that
makes
someone
feel
calmer
,
happier
,
or
less
stressed
•
Playing
the
piano
every
evening
is
pure
therapy
for
me
.
Playing
the
piano
every
evening
is
pure
therapy
for
me
.
•
For
some
people
,
gardening
is
a
form
of
therapy
after
a
stressful
day
.
For
some
people
,
gardening
is
a
form
of
therapy
after
a
stressful
day
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
medical
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
atmosphere
noun
the
layer
of
gases
that
surrounds
a
planet
,
especially
Earth
•
The
Earth's
atmosphere
protects
us
from
harmful
solar
radiation
.
The
Earth's
atmosphere
protects
us
from
harmful
solar
radiation
.
•
Scientists
study
the
thin
atmosphere
of
Mars
to
look
for
signs
of
water
.
Scientists
study
the
thin
atmosphere
of
Mars
to
look
for
signs
of
water
.
Mid-17th
century
:
from
Greek
atmos
‘
vapour
’
+
sphaira
‘
sphere
’.
noun
the
general
mood
or
feeling
that
exists
in
a
place
or
at
an
event
•
The
restaurant
had
a
warm
,
cozy
atmosphere
that
made
us
feel
at
home
.
The
restaurant
had
a
warm
,
cozy
atmosphere
that
made
us
feel
at
home
.
•
Laughter
created
a
joyful
atmosphere
at
the
birthday
party
.
Laughter
created
a
joyful
atmosphere
at
the
birthday
party
.
noun
a
unit
for
measuring
pressure
,
equal
to
the
average
air
pressure
at
sea
level
(
about
101
,
325
pascals
)
•
At
sea
level
,
air
pressure
is
about
one
atmosphere
.
At
sea
level
,
air
pressure
is
about
one
atmosphere
.
•
The
diver's
lungs
faced
more
than
two
atmospheres
of
pressure
underwater
.
The
diver's
lungs
faced
more
than
two
atmospheres
of
pressure
underwater
.
elsewhere
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
a
different
place
;
somewhere
else
•
If
we
can't
find
a
hotel
in
the
city
center
,
we
will
look
elsewhere
.
If
we
can't
find
a
hotel
in
the
city
center
,
we
will
look
elsewhere
.
•
The
kids
wandered
off
to
play
elsewhere
in
the
park
.
The
kids
wandered
off
to
play
elsewhere
in
the
park
.
from
Middle
English
elleswher
,
formed
from
else
+
where
,
meaning
“
in
another
place
”.
nowhere
adverb
in
or
to
no
place
at
all
;
not
anywhere
•
I
looked
for
my
keys
,
but
they
were
nowhere
to
be
seen
.
I
looked
for
my
keys
,
but
they
were
nowhere
to
be
seen
.
•
When
the
streetlights
went
out
,
the
town
felt
like
the
middle
of
nowhere
.
When
the
streetlights
went
out
,
the
town
felt
like
the
middle
of
nowhere
.
From
Middle
English
"
nowher
",
a
compound
of
"
no
"
+
"
where
",
dating
back
to
Old
English
"
nāhwǣr
".
noun
an
isolated
or
insignificant
place
;
a
place
lacking
importance
•
After
college
he
moved
to
a
tiny
nowhere
in
the
desert
to
find
peace
.
After
college
he
moved
to
a
tiny
nowhere
in
the
desert
to
find
peace
.
•
My
hometown
was
a
real
nowhere
,
but
I
loved
its
quiet
charm
.
My
hometown
was
a
real
nowhere
,
but
I
loved
its
quiet
charm
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
the
adverb
,
first
attested
in
the
late
19th
century
.
grandmother
noun
the
mother
of
your
father
or
mother
.
•
My
grandmother
bakes
the
best
chocolate
chip
cookies
every
Sunday
.
My
grandmother
bakes
the
best
chocolate
chip
cookies
every
Sunday
.
•
Lucas
loves
listening
to
stories
about
the
past
that
his
grandmother
tells
him
before
bed
.
Lucas
loves
listening
to
stories
about
the
past
that
his
grandmother
tells
him
before
bed
.
rough
adjective
-
rough
,
rougher
,
roughest
having
an
uneven
surface
that
feels
hard
or
bumpy
,
not
smooth
•
The
old
wooden
table
felt
rough
against
my
fingertips
.
The
old
wooden
table
felt
rough
against
my
fingertips
.
•
A
layer
of
rough
sandpaper
smoothed
the
edges
of
the
metal
sheet
.
A
layer
of
rough
sandpaper
smoothed
the
edges
of
the
metal
sheet
.
Originates
from
Old
English
“
ruh
”,
meaning
hairy
or
shaggy
,
which
developed
into
the
idea
of
unevenness
.
adjective
-
rough
,
rougher
,
roughest
not
exact
;
given
as
an
approximate
number
,
amount
,
or
idea
•
I
only
have
a
rough
idea
of
how
much
the
trip
will
cost
.
I
only
have
a
rough
idea
of
how
much
the
trip
will
cost
.
•
The
builder
gave
us
a
rough
estimate
of
three
weeks
to
finish
the
job
.
The
builder
gave
us
a
rough
estimate
of
three
weeks
to
finish
the
job
.
Shifted
from
the
sense
of
‘
uneven
’
to
‘
not
finely
measured
’
in
the
late
16th
century
.
adjective
-
rough
,
rougher
,
roughest
difficult
,
unpleasant
,
or
full
of
hardship
•
She
had
a
rough
day
at
work
and
wanted
to
relax
.
She
had
a
rough
day
at
work
and
wanted
to
relax
.
•
The
travelers
faced
rough
weather
crossing
the
mountain
pass
.
The
travelers
faced
rough
weather
crossing
the
mountain
pass
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
‘
rough
’
for
challenging
conditions
dates
back
to
the
17th
century
.
adverb
-
rough
,
rougher
,
roughest
in
a
harsh
,
violent
,
or
careless
way
•
The
defenders
played
rough
and
conceded
several
fouls
.
The
defenders
played
rough
and
conceded
several
fouls
.
•
Handle
that
antique
vase
carefully
,
don
’
t
treat
it
rough
.
Handle
that
antique
vase
carefully
,
don
’
t
treat
it
rough
.
Adverbial
use
comes
from
the
adjective
,
recorded
since
the
14th
century
.
whereas
conjunction
used
to
introduce
a
fact
that
clearly
contrasts
with
another
fact
•
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
•
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
Middle
English
from
‘
where
’
+
‘
as
’,
originally
meaning
‘
at
which
place
’;
later
developed
a
contrasting
sense
.
conjunction
(
formal
)
introducing
a
fact
or
condition
that
is
the
basis
for
a
decision
,
especially
in
legal
or
official
documents
,
meaning
“
given
that
”
or
“
considering
that
”.
•
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
•
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
Same
origin
as
the
contrasting
sense
,
but
retained
in
the
legal
style
of
formal
preambles
.
adverb
(
archaic
)
at
or
in
which
place
;
where
•
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
•
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
From
Middle
English
phrase
‘
where
as
’
meaning
‘
where
’;
later
usage
narrowed
and
became
archaic
.
sheriff
noun
the
elected
official
who
is
the
chief
law-enforcement
officer
of
a
county
in
the
United
States
,
supervising
deputies
,
running
the
county
jail
,
and
carrying
out
court
orders
•
The
newly
elected
sheriff
promised
to
make
the
streets
safer
.
The
newly
elected
sheriff
promised
to
make
the
streets
safer
.
•
A
deputy
hurried
down
the
hallway
to
brief
the
sheriff
about
an
escaped
prisoner
.
A
deputy
hurried
down
the
hallway
to
brief
the
sheriff
about
an
escaped
prisoner
.
From
Middle
English
shire
reeve
,
the
royal
official
responsible
for
keeping
the
peace
in
a
shire
(
county
)
in
medieval
England
.
noun
in
the
United
Kingdom
,
a
ceremonial
or
judicial
officer
,
such
as
the
high
sheriff
of
an
English
county
or
a
judge
in
the
Scottish
sheriff
court
•
The
sheriff
read
out
the
court's
decision
in
Edinburgh
.
The
sheriff
read
out
the
court's
decision
in
Edinburgh
.
•
Each
year
a
new
sheriff
is
appointed
to
represent
the
county
at
official
events
.
Each
year
a
new
sheriff
is
appointed
to
represent
the
county
at
official
events
.
Originally
an
Anglo-Saxon
royal
officer
called
the
shire
reeve
,
responsible
for
law
and
order
in
a
shire
;
over
centuries
the
role
evolved
into
various
ceremonial
and
judicial
functions
in
the
UK
.
smooth
adjective
-
smooth
,
smoother
,
smoothest
with
a
flat
,
even
surface
that
has
no
rough
spots
,
bumps
,
or
lumps
•
The
marble
countertop
felt
cool
and
smooth
under
her
hand
.
The
marble
countertop
felt
cool
and
smooth
under
her
hand
.
•
The
artist
kept
polishing
the
sculpture
until
every
curve
was
perfectly
smooth
.
The
artist
kept
polishing
the
sculpture
until
every
curve
was
perfectly
smooth
.
Old
English
“
smōð
”
meaning
‘
even
,
free
from
roughness
’.
adjective
-
smooth
,
smoother
,
smoothest
happening
or
working
without
sudden
changes
,
difficulties
,
or
interruptions
•
The
presentation
ran
smooth
from
start
to
finish
.
The
presentation
ran
smooth
from
start
to
finish
.
•
Thanks
to
good
planning
,
the
move
to
our
new
house
was
surprisingly
smooth
.
Thanks
to
good
planning
,
the
move
to
our
new
house
was
surprisingly
smooth
.
adjective
-
smooth
,
smoother
,
smoothest
pleasantly
soft
or
gentle
in
taste
,
sound
,
or
feel
•
This
coffee
has
a
smooth
flavor
without
any
bitterness
.
This
coffee
has
a
smooth
flavor
without
any
bitterness
.
•
The
singer
’
s
voice
was
so
smooth
it
felt
like
velvet
.
The
singer
’
s
voice
was
so
smooth
it
felt
like
velvet
.
adjective
-
smooth
,
smoother
,
smoothest
having
a
confident
,
charming
manner
that
can
seem
too
polished
or
insincere
•
The
salesman
was
so
smooth
that
I
almost
bought
two
cars
.
The
salesman
was
so
smooth
that
I
almost
bought
two
cars
.
•
Everyone
liked
her
,
but
some
thought
her
compliments
were
a
little
too
smooth
.
Everyone
liked
her
,
but
some
thought
her
compliments
were
a
little
too
smooth
.
publisher
noun
a
person
or
company
that
prepares
,
produces
,
and
sells
books
,
magazines
,
newspapers
,
or
other
written
or
digital
works
•
After
finishing
her
novel
,
Maria
sent
it
to
a
well-known
publisher
in
New
York
.
After
finishing
her
novel
,
Maria
sent
it
to
a
well-known
publisher
in
New
York
.
•
The
children's
book
publisher
added
colorful
illustrations
to
attract
young
readers
.
The
children's
book
publisher
added
colorful
illustrations
to
attract
young
readers
.
from
‘
publish
’
+
‘
-er
’,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
15th
century
noun
in
computing
,
a
program
or
component
that
sends
out
data
or
messages
for
other
programs
(
subscribers
)
to
receive
•
In
the
messaging
system
,
the
publisher
sends
temperature
updates
every
minute
.
In
the
messaging
system
,
the
publisher
sends
temperature
updates
every
minute
.
•
Each
time
a
user
posts
a
photo
,
a
publisher
event
is
created
for
the
news
feed
.
Each
time
a
user
posts
a
photo
,
a
publisher
event
is
created
for
the
news
feed
.
extended
from
the
traditional
sense
of
‘
publisher
’
to
computing
in
the
late
20th
century
,
by
analogy
with
disseminating
information
grandfather
noun
the
father
of
your
father
or
mother
•
My
grandfather
taught
me
how
to
fish
at
the
lake
every
summer
.
My
grandfather
taught
me
how
to
fish
at
the
lake
every
summer
.
•
After
the
war
,
her
grandfather
built
the
small
house
where
she
lives
now
.
After
the
war
,
her
grandfather
built
the
small
house
where
she
lives
now
.
From
grand
+
father
;
recorded
in
English
since
the
early
15th
century
.
verb
to
allow
someone
or
something
to
continue
under
an
old
rule
while
new
rules
apply
to
others
•
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
•
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
via
the
legal
term
“
grandfather
clause
”
in
late
19th-century
American
legislation
.
photographer
noun
a
person
who
takes
photographs
,
especially
as
a
hobby
or
job
.
•
The
photographer
asked
the
couple
to
smile
as
he
snapped
their
wedding
pictures
.
The
photographer
asked
the
couple
to
smile
as
he
snapped
their
wedding
pictures
.
•
A
wildlife
photographer
waited
quietly
beside
the
river
to
capture
the
moment
a
bear
caught
a
fish
.
A
wildlife
photographer
waited
quietly
beside
the
river
to
capture
the
moment
a
bear
caught
a
fish
.
Formed
in
the
mid-19th
century
from
photograph
+
the
agent
suffix
‑er
,
meaning
“
person
who
makes
photographs
”.
leather
noun
a
strong
,
flexible
material
made
from
treated
animal
skin
and
used
to
make
clothing
,
shoes
,
furniture
,
and
many
other
objects
•
The
craftsman
carefully
cut
the
piece
of
leather
to
make
a
wallet
.
The
craftsman
carefully
cut
the
piece
of
leather
to
make
a
wallet
.
•
My
new
boots
are
made
of
soft
black
leather
that
feels
comfortable
.
My
new
boots
are
made
of
soft
black
leather
that
feels
comfortable
.
Old
English
“
lether
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*lethran
,
originally
meaning
"
hide
"
or
"
skin
".
verb
to
hit
someone
or
something
very
hard
many
times
,
especially
with
a
strap
,
belt
,
or
the
hand
•
In
the
story
,
the
cruel
master
leathered
the
servant
for
dropping
the
tray
.
In
the
story
,
the
cruel
master
leathered
the
servant
for
dropping
the
tray
.
•
The
coach
warned
us
he
would
leather
the
ball
into
the
net
if
we
didn
’
t
close
him
down
.
The
coach
warned
us
he
would
leather
the
ball
into
the
net
if
we
didn
’
t
close
him
down
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
leather
,”
originally
referring
to
beating
with
a
leather
strap
.
furthermore
adverb
used
to
add
another
fact
or
idea
to
what
has
already
been
said
•
The
new
smartphone
is
faster
;
furthermore
,
its
battery
lasts
much
longer
.
The
new
smartphone
is
faster
;
furthermore
,
its
battery
lasts
much
longer
.
•
The
weather
forecast
predicts
heavy
rain
;
furthermore
,
strong
winds
are
expected
along
the
coast
.
The
weather
forecast
predicts
heavy
rain
;
furthermore
,
strong
winds
are
expected
along
the
coast
.
Late
14th-century
formation
from
further
+
more
,
patterned
after
moreover
to
reinforce
the
sense
of
adding
information
.
wherever
conjunction
in
or
to
any
place
,
or
in
every
place
that
something
happens
or
is
true
•
Carry
your
jacket
with
you
wherever
you
go
,
because
the
weather
changes
quickly
in
the
mountains
.
Carry
your
jacket
with
you
wherever
you
go
,
because
the
weather
changes
quickly
in
the
mountains
.
•
The
toddler
follows
his
mother
wherever
she
walks
around
the
house
.
The
toddler
follows
his
mother
wherever
she
walks
around
the
house
.
Formed
in
Middle
English
by
combining
where
+
ever
to
give
an
indefinite
sense
of
place
.
adverb
used
in
questions
to
show
strong
surprise
or
confusion
about
where
someone
or
something
is
•
Wherever
did
you
leave
your
phone
this
time
?
Wherever
did
you
leave
your
phone
this
time
?
•
Dad
asked
,
'Wherever
have
all
the
cookies
gone
?
'
Dad
asked
,
'Wherever
have
all
the
cookies
gone
?
'
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
:
where
+
ever
,
later
used
for
emphasis
in
questions
.