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there
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
that
place
or
position
•
“
Put
the
vase
there
on
the
shelf
where
everyone
can
see
it
.”
“
Put
the
vase
there
on
the
shelf
where
everyone
can
see
it
.”
•
“
We
stayed
there
for
two
weeks
and
loved
the
beaches
.”
“
We
stayed
there
for
two
weeks
and
loved
the
beaches
.”
Old
English
thǣr
,
ultimately
from
Proto-Germanic
*þaþr
.
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
that
place
or
position
•
Please
put
the
books
there
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
window
.
Please
put
the
books
there
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
window
.
•
We
will
sit
there
during
the
concert
because
the
view
is
better
.
We
will
sit
there
during
the
concert
because
the
view
is
better
.
Old
English
“
þǣr
”
meaning
“
in
that
place
,”
related
to
“
that
.”
pronoun
used
at
the
beginning
of
a
sentence
or
clause
to
say
that
something
exists
or
happens
•
There
is
a
spider
on
the
wall
!
There
is
a
spider
on
the
wall
!
•
There
were
only
ten
tickets
left
when
I
arrived
.
There
were
only
ten
tickets
left
when
I
arrived
.
Extension
of
adverb
‘
there
’
to
a
grammatical
subject
role
in
Middle
English
.
pronoun
used
with
the
verb
“
be
”
to
say
that
something
exists
,
happens
,
or
is
present
•
There
is
a
small
café
around
the
corner
that
serves
great
pie
.
There
is
a
small
café
around
the
corner
that
serves
great
pie
.
•
There
were
more
people
at
the
festival
than
we
expected
.
There
were
more
people
at
the
festival
than
we
expected
.
Same
origin
as
the
adverb
sense
;
later
used
in
Middle
English
to
introduce
existence
clauses
.
interjection
used
,
often
repeated
,
to
comfort
or
calm
someone
who
is
upset
•
“
There
,
there
,”
the
nurse
said
softly
as
the
patient
started
to
cry
.
“
There
,
there
,”
the
nurse
said
softly
as
the
patient
started
to
cry
.
•
She
patted
the
toddler
’
s
back
,
murmuring
“
there
,
there
,
it's
all
right
.”
She
patted
the
toddler
’
s
back
,
murmuring
“
there
,
there
,
it's
all
right
.”
Derived
from
the
adverb
,
recorded
as
a
comforting
phrase
since
at
least
the
19th
century
.
interjection
used
to
express
satisfaction
,
triumph
,
or
to
draw
attention
to
something
that
has
been
done
or
given
•
There
!
The
puzzle
is
finished
at
last
.
There
!
The
puzzle
is
finished
at
last
.
•
Here
’
s
the
book
you
wanted
—
there
.
Here
’
s
the
book
you
wanted
—
there
.
Natural
extension
of
adverb
‘
there
’
as
an
exclamation
since
the
14th
century
.
here
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
this
place
or
position
•
Please
sit
here
next
to
me
.
Please
sit
here
next
to
me
.
•
The
bus
stops
here
every
morning
at
seven
.
The
bus
stops
here
every
morning
at
seven
.
adverb
used
when
giving
or
showing
something
to
someone
•
Here
is
your
coffee
—
be
careful
,
it
’
s
hot
.
Here
is
your
coffee
—
be
careful
,
it
’
s
hot
.
•
Here
are
the
keys
you
asked
for
.
Here
are
the
keys
you
asked
for
.
interjection
used
to
say
you
are
present
when
your
name
is
called
or
to
draw
attention
•
Teacher
: “
Emily
?”
Student
: “
Here
!”
Teacher
: “
Emily
?”
Student
: “
Here
!”
•
During
the
meeting
,
the
chairperson
called
“
Mr
.
Lee
?”
and
he
replied
“
Here
!”
During
the
meeting
,
the
chairperson
called
“
Mr
.
Lee
?”
and
he
replied
“
Here
!”
adverb
at
this
point
in
a
talk
,
story
,
or
process
•
Here
the
author
introduces
the
main
character
.
Here
the
author
introduces
the
main
character
.
•
Stop
here
and
take
a
short
break
.
Stop
here
and
take
a
short
break
.
noun
-
here
the
present
place
or
moment
,
especially
in
the
phrase
“
the
here
and
now
”
•
You
should
focus
on
the
here
and
now
instead
of
worrying
about
tomorrow
.
You
should
focus
on
the
here
and
now
instead
of
worrying
about
tomorrow
.
•
Meditation
helps
me
stay
in
the
here
.
Meditation
helps
me
stay
in
the
here
.
where
adverb
used
to
ask
about
the
place
or
position
of
someone
or
something
•
Where
are
my
keys
?
I
can
’
t
find
them
.
Where
are
my
keys
?
I
can
’
t
find
them
.
•
Do
you
remember
where
you
parked
the
car
?
Do
you
remember
where
you
parked
the
car
?
adverb
used
to
ask
in
,
at
,
or
to
what
place
or
position
someone
or
something
is
•
"
Where
did
you
park
the
car
?"
she
asked
,
looking
around
the
busy
street
.
"
Where
did
you
park
the
car
?"
she
asked
,
looking
around
the
busy
street
.
•
Where
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
?
I'm
new
to
the
city
.
Where
is
the
nearest
bus
stop
?
I'm
new
to
the
city
.
conjunction
introduces
a
clause
that
tells
the
place
or
situation
in
which
something
happens
•
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
•
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
conjunction
introducing
a
clause
that
tells
the
place
or
situation
in
which
something
happens
•
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
Put
the
book
back
where
you
found
it
.
•
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
This
is
the
café
where
we
first
met
.
mother
verb
to
care
for
and
protect
someone
as
a
mother
does
•
The
elder
elephant
gently
mothered
the
orphaned
calf
until
it
could
survive
on
its
own
.
The
elder
elephant
gently
mothered
the
orphaned
calf
until
it
could
survive
on
its
own
.
•
She
often
mothers
her
younger
teammates
,
reminding
them
to
drink
water
and
stretch
.
She
often
mothers
her
younger
teammates
,
reminding
them
to
drink
water
and
stretch
.
father
verb
to
be
the
male
parent
of
a
child
or
to
create
something
new
•
He
fathered
three
children
before
he
turned
thirty
.
He
fathered
three
children
before
he
turned
thirty
.
•
Scientists
discovered
that
one
male
turtle
had
fathered
over
a
hundred
hatchlings
on
the
island
.
Scientists
discovered
that
one
male
turtle
had
fathered
over
a
hundred
hatchlings
on
the
island
.
therefore
adverb
for
that
reason
;
as
a
result
•
It
was
raining
heavily
;
therefore
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
.
It
was
raining
heavily
;
therefore
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
.
•
Liam
forgot
his
wallet
and
therefore
couldn
’
t
buy
a
train
ticket
.
Liam
forgot
his
wallet
and
therefore
couldn
’
t
buy
a
train
ticket
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
English
thǣrfore
,
formed
from
thǣr
‘
there
’
+
fore
‘
for
’
meaning
‘
for
that
(
reason
)’.
conjunction
so
or
consequently
,
introducing
a
conclusion
that
follows
from
what
was
said
•
The
data
were
incomplete
;
therefore
the
researchers
postponed
publishing
their
findings
.
The
data
were
incomplete
;
therefore
the
researchers
postponed
publishing
their
findings
.
•
She
had
no
valid
ID
,
and
therefore
she
was
denied
entry
to
the
club
.
She
had
no
valid
ID
,
and
therefore
she
was
denied
entry
to
the
club
.
Same
origin
as
the
adverb
sense
:
Middle
English
thǣrfore
‘
for
that
reason
’.
somewhere
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
a
place
that
is
not
known
,
named
,
or
specified
•
I
left
my
glasses
somewhere
in
the
kitchen
.
I
left
my
glasses
somewhere
in
the
kitchen
.
•
His
phone
is
ringing
somewhere
in
his
backpack
.
His
phone
is
ringing
somewhere
in
his
backpack
.
adverb
used
to
show
that
a
number
,
amount
,
or
time
is
approximate
•
The
repairs
will
cost
somewhere
around
$500
.
The
repairs
will
cost
somewhere
around
$500
.
•
It's
somewhere
around
midnight
,
and
the
streets
are
empty
.
It's
somewhere
around
midnight
,
and
the
streets
are
empty
.
noun
-
somewhere
an
unspecified
or
unknown
place
•
Let's
stop
and
eat
somewhere
before
the
movie
.
Let's
stop
and
eat
somewhere
before
the
movie
.
•
We
need
somewhere
quiet
to
study
.
We
need
somewhere
quiet
to
study
.
gather
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
bring
things
or
people
together
into
one
place
or
group
•
At
the
end
of
the
picnic
,
we
gather
the
empty
plates
and
cups
into
a
trash
bag
.
At
the
end
of
the
picnic
,
we
gather
the
empty
plates
and
cups
into
a
trash
bag
.
•
The
librarian
asked
visitors
to
gather
their
belongings
before
the
library
closed
.
The
librarian
asked
visitors
to
gather
their
belongings
before
the
library
closed
.
Old
English
gaderian
,
from
a
Germanic
root
meaning
“
come
together
.”
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
come
together
in
a
group
•
A
small
crowd
began
to
gather
outside
the
museum
before
it
opened
.
A
small
crowd
began
to
gather
outside
the
museum
before
it
opened
.
•
On
New
Year's
Eve
,
families
gather
around
the
television
to
watch
the
countdown
.
On
New
Year's
Eve
,
families
gather
around
the
television
to
watch
the
countdown
.
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
understand
or
believe
something
after
considering
information
•
From
her
smile
,
I
gather
that
she
liked
the
surprise
.
From
her
smile
,
I
gather
that
she
liked
the
surprise
.
•
I
gather
you
have
finished
the
report
,
judging
by
your
relaxed
face
.
I
gather
you
have
finished
the
report
,
judging
by
your
relaxed
face
.
verb
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
to
pull
fabric
together
in
small
folds
•
She
gather
the
fabric
at
the
waist
to
make
the
skirt
look
fuller
.
She
gather
the
fabric
at
the
waist
to
make
the
skirt
look
fuller
.
•
The
seamstress
will
gather
the
sleeves
before
sewing
them
on
.
The
seamstress
will
gather
the
sleeves
before
sewing
them
on
.
noun
-
gather
,
gathering
,
gathers
,
gathered
a
small
fold
or
pleat
made
by
gathering
fabric
•
The
blouse
has
a
neat
gather
at
each
shoulder
.
The
blouse
has
a
neat
gather
at
each
shoulder
.
•
Tiny
gathers
give
the
dress
a
graceful
flow
.
Tiny
gathers
give
the
dress
a
graceful
flow
.
weather
verb
to
gradually
change
in
color
,
shape
,
or
surface
because
of
exposure
to
sun
,
wind
,
rain
,
or
other
outdoor
conditions
•
The
wooden
fence
has
weathered
to
a
soft
gray
over
the
years
.
The
wooden
fence
has
weathered
to
a
soft
gray
over
the
years
.
•
Stone
statues
weather
slowly
when
they
stand
in
salty
sea
air
.
Stone
statues
weather
slowly
when
they
stand
in
salty
sea
air
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
:
surfaces
change
because
of
the
action
of
weather
.
verb
to
survive
or
successfully
deal
with
a
difficult
or
dangerous
situation
•
The
small
company
weathered
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
and
innovating
.
The
small
company
weathered
the
economic
crisis
by
cutting
costs
and
innovating
.
•
The
sailors
weathered
the
fierce
storm
and
reached
the
port
safely
.
The
sailors
weathered
the
fierce
storm
and
reached
the
port
safely
.
Figurative
use
from
earlier
nautical
sense
of
‘
come
safely
through
bad
weather
’.
anywhere
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
any
place
•
You
can
sit
anywhere
you
like
.
You
can
sit
anywhere
you
like
.
•
I
looked
for
my
phone
but
couldn
’
t
find
it
anywhere
.
I
looked
for
my
phone
but
couldn
’
t
find
it
anywhere
.
From
the
combination
of
any
+
where
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
pronoun
any
place
,
especially
when
the
specific
place
does
not
matter
•
Anywhere
is
better
than
staying
in
this
traffic
jam
.
Anywhere
is
better
than
staying
in
this
traffic
jam
.
•
For
the
adventurous
couple
,
anywhere
could
become
home
.
For
the
adventurous
couple
,
anywhere
could
become
home
.
Evolved
from
the
adverb
"
anywhere
"
being
re-analysed
as
a
pronoun
in
the
17th
century
.
bother
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
annoy
,
disturb
,
or
upset
someone
•
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
Please
don
’
t
bother
the
cat
while
it
’
s
sleeping
.
•
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
The
buzzing
mosquitoes
bothered
the
campers
all
night
.
Early
18th
century
,
origin
uncertain
;
perhaps
related
to
Irish
‘
bodhar
’
meaning
‘
deaf
,
dull
’.
verb
-
bother
,
bothering
,
bothers
,
bothered
to
make
the
effort
to
do
something
,
especially
when
it
seems
unnecessary
•
She
didn't
bother
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
leaving
.
She
didn't
bother
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
leaving
.
•
Why
bother
fixing
it
if
it's
cheaper
to
buy
a
new
one
?
Why
bother
fixing
it
if
it's
cheaper
to
buy
a
new
one
?
everywhere
adverb
in
or
to
all
places
•
She
looked
everywhere
for
her
missing
keys
.
She
looked
everywhere
for
her
missing
keys
.
•
Wildflowers
grow
everywhere
in
the
valley
during
spring
.
Wildflowers
grow
everywhere
in
the
valley
during
spring
.
from
Middle
English
everi
where
,
combining
everi
(“
every
”)
+
where
(“
place
”),
later
fused
into
one
word
pronoun
all
places
considered
together
;
every
place
•
Everywhere
is
quieter
after
the
snowstorm
.
Everywhere
is
quieter
after
the
snowstorm
.
•
During
the
blackout
,
everywhere
was
dark
and
silent
.
During
the
blackout
,
everywhere
was
dark
and
silent
.
developed
from
the
adverb
"
everywhere
"
used
substantively
to
mean
“
every
place
”
atmosphere
noun
the
layer
of
gases
that
surrounds
a
planet
,
especially
Earth
•
The
Earth's
atmosphere
protects
us
from
harmful
solar
radiation
.
The
Earth's
atmosphere
protects
us
from
harmful
solar
radiation
.
•
Scientists
study
the
thin
atmosphere
of
Mars
to
look
for
signs
of
water
.
Scientists
study
the
thin
atmosphere
of
Mars
to
look
for
signs
of
water
.
Mid-17th
century
:
from
Greek
atmos
‘
vapour
’
+
sphaira
‘
sphere
’.
noun
the
general
mood
or
feeling
that
exists
in
a
place
or
at
an
event
•
The
restaurant
had
a
warm
,
cozy
atmosphere
that
made
us
feel
at
home
.
The
restaurant
had
a
warm
,
cozy
atmosphere
that
made
us
feel
at
home
.
•
Laughter
created
a
joyful
atmosphere
at
the
birthday
party
.
Laughter
created
a
joyful
atmosphere
at
the
birthday
party
.
noun
a
unit
for
measuring
pressure
,
equal
to
the
average
air
pressure
at
sea
level
(
about
101
,
325
pascals
)
•
At
sea
level
,
air
pressure
is
about
one
atmosphere
.
At
sea
level
,
air
pressure
is
about
one
atmosphere
.
•
The
diver's
lungs
faced
more
than
two
atmospheres
of
pressure
underwater
.
The
diver's
lungs
faced
more
than
two
atmospheres
of
pressure
underwater
.
elsewhere
adverb
in
,
at
,
or
to
a
different
place
;
somewhere
else
•
If
we
can't
find
a
hotel
in
the
city
center
,
we
will
look
elsewhere
.
If
we
can't
find
a
hotel
in
the
city
center
,
we
will
look
elsewhere
.
•
The
kids
wandered
off
to
play
elsewhere
in
the
park
.
The
kids
wandered
off
to
play
elsewhere
in
the
park
.
from
Middle
English
elleswher
,
formed
from
else
+
where
,
meaning
“
in
another
place
”.
nowhere
adverb
in
or
to
no
place
at
all
;
not
anywhere
•
I
looked
for
my
keys
,
but
they
were
nowhere
to
be
seen
.
I
looked
for
my
keys
,
but
they
were
nowhere
to
be
seen
.
•
When
the
streetlights
went
out
,
the
town
felt
like
the
middle
of
nowhere
.
When
the
streetlights
went
out
,
the
town
felt
like
the
middle
of
nowhere
.
From
Middle
English
"
nowher
",
a
compound
of
"
no
"
+
"
where
",
dating
back
to
Old
English
"
nāhwǣr
".
noun
an
isolated
or
insignificant
place
;
a
place
lacking
importance
•
After
college
he
moved
to
a
tiny
nowhere
in
the
desert
to
find
peace
.
After
college
he
moved
to
a
tiny
nowhere
in
the
desert
to
find
peace
.
•
My
hometown
was
a
real
nowhere
,
but
I
loved
its
quiet
charm
.
My
hometown
was
a
real
nowhere
,
but
I
loved
its
quiet
charm
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
the
adverb
,
first
attested
in
the
late
19th
century
.
whereas
conjunction
used
to
introduce
a
fact
that
clearly
contrasts
with
another
fact
•
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
Jenny
loves
outdoor
sports
,
whereas
her
sister
prefers
reading
indoors
.
•
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
The
north
of
the
country
is
hot
and
dry
,
whereas
the
south
gets
plenty
of
rain
.
Middle
English
from
‘
where
’
+
‘
as
’,
originally
meaning
‘
at
which
place
’;
later
developed
a
contrasting
sense
.
conjunction
(
formal
)
introducing
a
fact
or
condition
that
is
the
basis
for
a
decision
,
especially
in
legal
or
official
documents
,
meaning
“
given
that
”
or
“
considering
that
”.
•
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
Whereas
the
parties
agree
to
the
terms
below
,
they
now
sign
this
contract
.
•
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
The
declaration
began
: "
Whereas
great
damage
has
been
done
,
new
measures
must
be
taken
."
Same
origin
as
the
contrasting
sense
,
but
retained
in
the
legal
style
of
formal
preambles
.
adverb
(
archaic
)
at
or
in
which
place
;
where
•
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
He
returned
to
the
village
whereas
he
was
born
.
•
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
Show
me
the
room
whereas
the
guests
will
dine
.
From
Middle
English
phrase
‘
where
as
’
meaning
‘
where
’;
later
usage
narrowed
and
became
archaic
.
grandfather
verb
to
allow
someone
or
something
to
continue
under
an
old
rule
while
new
rules
apply
to
others
•
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
Existing
taxi
drivers
were
grandfathered
and
did
not
need
the
new
license
.
•
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
The
old
neon
sign
was
grandfathered
under
previous
regulations
,
so
the
restaurant
could
keep
it
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
via
the
legal
term
“
grandfather
clause
”
in
late
19th-century
American
legislation
.
leather
verb
to
hit
someone
or
something
very
hard
many
times
,
especially
with
a
strap
,
belt
,
or
the
hand
•
In
the
story
,
the
cruel
master
leathered
the
servant
for
dropping
the
tray
.
In
the
story
,
the
cruel
master
leathered
the
servant
for
dropping
the
tray
.
•
The
coach
warned
us
he
would
leather
the
ball
into
the
net
if
we
didn
’
t
close
him
down
.
The
coach
warned
us
he
would
leather
the
ball
into
the
net
if
we
didn
’
t
close
him
down
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
leather
,”
originally
referring
to
beating
with
a
leather
strap
.
wherever
conjunction
in
or
to
any
place
,
or
in
every
place
that
something
happens
or
is
true
•
Carry
your
jacket
with
you
wherever
you
go
,
because
the
weather
changes
quickly
in
the
mountains
.
Carry
your
jacket
with
you
wherever
you
go
,
because
the
weather
changes
quickly
in
the
mountains
.
•
The
toddler
follows
his
mother
wherever
she
walks
around
the
house
.
The
toddler
follows
his
mother
wherever
she
walks
around
the
house
.
Formed
in
Middle
English
by
combining
where
+
ever
to
give
an
indefinite
sense
of
place
.
adverb
used
in
questions
to
show
strong
surprise
or
confusion
about
where
someone
or
something
is
•
Wherever
did
you
leave
your
phone
this
time
?
Wherever
did
you
leave
your
phone
this
time
?
•
Dad
asked
,
'Wherever
have
all
the
cookies
gone
?
'
Dad
asked
,
'Wherever
have
all
the
cookies
gone
?
'
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
:
where
+
ever
,
later
used
for
emphasis
in
questions
.