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end
noun
the
final
part
of
something
,
or
the
time
when
it
stops
•
At
the
end
of
the
movie
,
the
hero
finally
returned
home
.
At
the
end
of
the
movie
,
the
hero
finally
returned
home
.
•
The
runners
were
exhausted
by
the
end
of
the
race
.
The
runners
were
exhausted
by
the
end
of
the
race
.
noun
the
furthest
limit
or
edge
of
a
place
or
thing
•
Their
cottage
sits
at
the
end
of
the
lane
.
Their
cottage
sits
at
the
end
of
the
lane
.
•
She
stood
at
the
end
of
the
pier
,
watching
the
waves
.
She
stood
at
the
end
of
the
pier
,
watching
the
waves
.
verb
to
stop
,
finish
,
or
come
to
a
close
•
The
meeting
will
end
at
four
o'clock
.
The
meeting
will
end
at
four
o'clock
.
•
Summer
seems
to
end
sooner
every
year
.
Summer
seems
to
end
sooner
every
year
.
verb
to
bring
something
to
a
stop
or
to
a
final
point
•
They
decided
to
end
the
meeting
early
.
They
decided
to
end
the
meeting
early
.
•
She
wants
to
end
the
argument
and
move
on
.
She
wants
to
end
the
argument
and
move
on
.
noun
a
reason
for
doing
something
;
the
goal
you
want
to
achieve
•
He
sees
money
only
as
a
means to an end
.
He
sees
money
only
as
a
means to an end
.
•
For
her
,
winning
awards
is
not
an
end
in
itself
.
For
her
,
winning
awards
is
not
an
end
in
itself
.
endure
verb
-
endure
,
enduring
,
endures
,
endured
to
suffer
something
unpleasant
or
difficult
for
a
long
time
without
giving
up
•
The
marathon
runners
endured
blistering
heat
to
reach
the
finish
line
.
The
marathon
runners
endured
blistering
heat
to
reach
the
finish
line
.
•
During
the
outage
,
the
family
endured
three
days
without
electricity
.
During
the
outage
,
the
family
endured
three
days
without
electricity
.
From
Middle
English
enduren
,
from
Old
French
endurer
,
based
on
Latin
indurare
“
harden
”.
verb
-
endure
,
enduring
,
endures
,
endured
to
continue
to
exist
or
remain
strong
for
a
long
time
•
The
small
stone
bridge
has
endured
for
over
500
years
.
The
small
stone
bridge
has
endured
for
over
500
years
.
•
True
friendships
endure
long
distances
and
time
.
True
friendships
endure
long
distances
and
time
.
From
Middle
English
enduren
,
from
Old
French
endurer
,
based
on
Latin
indurare
“
harden
”.
endless
adjective
having
no
limit
,
end
,
or
boundary
in
space
,
time
,
or
amount
•
A
desert
highway
stretched
in
an
endless
line
toward
the
horizon
.
A
desert
highway
stretched
in
an
endless
line
toward
the
horizon
.
•
Looking
up
at
the
night
sky
makes
space
feel
endless
.
Looking
up
at
the
night
sky
makes
space
feel
endless
.
Formed
from
the
noun
“
end
”
+
the
suffix
“
-less
,”
meaning
“
without
.”
First
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
adjective
lasting
so
long
or
happening
so
often
that
it
feels
as
if
it
will
never
finish
•
After
three
hours
,
the
meeting
felt
endless
.
After
three
hours
,
the
meeting
felt
endless
.
•
Waiting
in
the
airport
queue
was
an
endless
ordeal
for
the
travelers
.
Waiting
in
the
airport
queue
was
an
endless
ordeal
for
the
travelers
.
adjective
made
in
one
continuous
loop
without
seams
or
joins
,
especially
of
belts
,
chains
,
or
rolls
•
The
machine
uses
an
endless
conveyor
belt
to
move
the
packages
.
The
machine
uses
an
endless
conveyor
belt
to
move
the
packages
.
•
The
mechanic
replaced
the
worn
endless
drive
chain
.
The
mechanic
replaced
the
worn
endless
drive
chain
.
endorse
verb
-
endorse
,
endorsing
,
endorses
,
endorsed
to
publicly
state
that
you
support
or
approve
of
someone
or
something
,
especially
to
persuade
other
people
to
like
or
buy
it
•
A
famous
actor
endorsed
the
new
electric
car
in
a
glossy
TV
commercial
.
A
famous
actor
endorsed
the
new
electric
car
in
a
glossy
TV
commercial
.
•
Hundreds
of
scientists
endorse
the
report
calling
for
urgent
climate
action
.
Hundreds
of
scientists
endorse
the
report
calling
for
urgent
climate
action
.
From
medieval
Latin
indorsare
“
to
write
on
the
back
,”
from
Latin
dorsum
“
back
.”
The
sense
of
openly
supporting
appeared
in
the
19th
century
.
verb
-
endorse
,
endorsing
,
endorses
,
endorsed
to
sign
the
back
of
a
cheque
or
other
official
document
to
make
it
valid
or
to
transfer
it
to
another
person
•
Please
endorse
the
check
before
you
deposit
it
in
the
ATM
.
Please
endorse
the
check
before
you
deposit
it
in
the
ATM
.
•
The
hotel
clerk
asked
him
to
endorse
the
traveler
’
s
cheque
at
the
desk
.
The
hotel
clerk
asked
him
to
endorse
the
traveler
’
s
cheque
at
the
desk
.
The
financial
sense
comes
directly
from
the
original
meaning
of
writing
on
the
back
(
Latin
dorsum
“
back
”).
verb
-
endorse
,
endorsing
,
endorses
,
endorsed
to
officially
record
a
traffic
offence
on
a
person
’
s
driving
licence
,
adding
penalty
points
•
The
police
endorsed
his
licence
with
three
points
for
speeding
.
The
police
endorsed
his
licence
with
three
points
for
speeding
.
•
If
you
run
a
red
light
,
the
authorities
will
endorse
your
driving
record
.
If
you
run
a
red
light
,
the
authorities
will
endorse
your
driving
record
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
adding
a
written
mark
to
a
document
:
here
,
the
driving
licence
.
ending
noun
the
last
part
of
a
story
,
movie
,
or
event
that
shows
how
it
finishes
•
The
movie's
ending
surprised
everyone
in
the
cinema
.
The
movie's
ending
surprised
everyone
in
the
cinema
.
•
Maria
loved
the
book
but
thought
the
ending
was
too
sad
.
Maria
loved
the
book
but
thought
the
ending
was
too
sad
.
noun
the
act
or
fact
of
something
coming
to
a
stop
or
finish
•
The
ending
of
winter
brought
warmer
days
to
the
village
.
The
ending
of
winter
brought
warmer
days
to
the
village
.
•
They
announced
the
ending
of
the
concert
with
a
final
song
.
They
announced
the
ending
of
the
concert
with
a
final
song
.
noun
letters
added
to
the
end
of
a
word
to
show
its
grammatical
form
,
like
tense
or
number
•
Add
the
ending
"
-ed
"
to
form
the
past
tense
of
the
verb
.
Add
the
ending
"
-ed
"
to
form
the
past
tense
of
the
verb
.
•
The
plural
ending
"
-s
"
is
easy
for
most
nouns
.
The
plural
ending
"
-s
"
is
easy
for
most
nouns
.
friend
noun
a
person
you
know
well
,
like
,
and
trust
•
Lina
invited
her
best
friend
to
spend
the
weekend
at
her
house
.
Lina
invited
her
best
friend
to
spend
the
weekend
at
her
house
.
•
After
moving
to
a
new
school
,
Jake
quickly
made
two
friends
.
After
moving
to
a
new
school
,
Jake
quickly
made
two
friends
.
Old
English
“
frēond
”
meaning
“
one
attached
to
another
by
feelings
of
personal
regard
.”
noun
a
contact
you
add
or
follow
on
a
social
media
platform
•
I
just
accepted
your
request
,
so
now
we
’
re
friends
on
the
photo-sharing
app
.
I
just
accepted
your
request
,
so
now
we
’
re
friends
on
the
photo-sharing
app
.
•
He
has
over
a
thousand
friends
on
his
gaming
profile
.
He
has
over
a
thousand
friends
on
his
gaming
profile
.
verb
-
friend
,
friending
,
friends
,
friended
to
add
someone
to
your
list
of
friends
on
a
social
network
•
Feel
free
to
friend
me
on
the
language-learning
app
.
Feel
free
to
friend
me
on
the
language-learning
app
.
•
She
friended
her
classmates
so
they
could
share
project
ideas
.
She
friended
her
classmates
so
they
could
share
project
ideas
.
Friend
noun
a
member
of
the
Religious
Society
of
Friends
,
also
called
a
Quaker
•
George
Fox
was
a
well-known
Friend
in
17th-century
England
.
George
Fox
was
a
well-known
Friend
in
17th-century
England
.
•
The
local
meeting
welcomed
a
traveling
Friend
from
Ireland
.
The
local
meeting
welcomed
a
traveling
Friend
from
Ireland
.
Used
since
the
1650s
to
describe
followers
of
a
Christian
movement
that
emphasized
inner
light
and
equality
.
spend
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
give
money
in
order
to
pay
for
goods
,
services
,
or
activities
•
We
spent
nearly
all
our
savings
on
the
new
roof
.
We
spent
nearly
all
our
savings
on
the
new
roof
.
•
Tourists
love
to
spend
money
on
local
crafts
.
Tourists
love
to
spend
money
on
local
crafts
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
use
time
doing
something
or
in
a
particular
place
•
They
spent
the
afternoon
playing
board
games
indoors
because
of
the
rain
.
They
spent
the
afternoon
playing
board
games
indoors
because
of
the
rain
.
•
I
like
to
spend
my
weekends
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
I
like
to
spend
my
weekends
hiking
in
the
mountains
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
use
up
or
exhaust
effort
,
energy
,
or
other
resources
•
After
the
marathon
,
she
felt
she
had
spent
every
ounce
of
energy
.
After
the
marathon
,
she
felt
she
had
spent
every
ounce
of
energy
.
•
Don't
spend
all
your
strength
lifting
that
heavy
box
at
once
.
Don't
spend
all
your
strength
lifting
that
heavy
box
at
once
.
noun
the
amount
of
money
that
is
spent
on
something
•
Our
advertising
spend
increased
last
quarter
.
Our
advertising
spend
increased
last
quarter
.
•
The
company
cut
its
IT
spend
by
10
percent
.
The
company
cut
its
IT
spend
by
10
percent
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
to
come
to
an
end
by
being
completely
used
up
or
exhausted
•
By
midnight
,
the
storm
had
spent
itself
.
By
midnight
,
the
storm
had
spent
itself
.
•
The
fireworks
quickly
spend
their
brilliance
and
fade
.
The
fireworks
quickly
spend
their
brilliance
and
fade
.
send
verb
-
send
,
sending
,
sends
,
sent
to
cause
a
person
or
thing
to
go
to
another
place
,
often
by
arranging
transport
,
delivery
,
or
messenger
•
Maya
sent
a
birthday
package
to
her
cousin
overseas
.
Maya
sent
a
birthday
package
to
her
cousin
overseas
.
•
The
school
will
send
a
bus
to
pick
up
the
students
after
the
museum
tour
.
The
school
will
send
a
bus
to
pick
up
the
students
after
the
museum
tour
.
verb
-
send
,
sending
,
sends
,
sent
to
cause
information
,
a
file
,
or
a
message
to
be
transmitted
electronically
•
Could
you
send
me
the
presentation
slides
by
email
?
Could
you
send
me
the
presentation
slides
by
email
?
•
I
forgot
to
send
the
text
message
before
my
phone
ran
out
of
battery
.
I
forgot
to
send
the
text
message
before
my
phone
ran
out
of
battery
.
verb
-
send
,
sending
,
sends
,
sent
(
informal
)
to
make
someone
feel
very
excited
,
amused
,
or
delighted
•
That
comedian
’
s
joke
sent
the
whole
audience
into
fits
of
laughter
.
That
comedian
’
s
joke
sent
the
whole
audience
into
fits
of
laughter
.
•
The
roller
coaster
sent
me
screaming
with
excitement
.
The
roller
coaster
sent
me
screaming
with
excitement
.
noun
(
computing
)
an
act
of
transmitting
data
or
a
command
from
one
device
or
program
to
another
•
The
file
transferred
successfully
in
a
single
send
.
The
file
transferred
successfully
in
a
single
send
.
•
If
a
packet
is
lost
,
the
system
repeats
the
send
automatically
.
If
a
packet
is
lost
,
the
system
repeats
the
send
automatically
.
weekend
noun
The
part
of
the
week
that
includes
Saturday
and
Sunday
,
or
the
time
from
Friday
evening
until
Sunday
night
,
when
most
people
are
off
work
or
school
.
•
We're
going
camping
this
weekend
.
We're
going
camping
this
weekend
.
•
On
weekends
,
the
park
is
full
of
families
having
picnics
.
On
weekends
,
the
park
is
full
of
families
having
picnics
.
From
week
+
end
;
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
to
mean
the
end
of
the
week
,
modern
sense
of
leisure
period
established
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
(
intransitive
,
informal
)
To
spend
one
’
s
weekend
,
especially
away
from
home
.
•
They
weekended
at
a
quiet
cabin
by
the
lake
.
They
weekended
at
a
quiet
cabin
by
the
lake
.
•
We
usually
weekend
in
the
city
when
there
is
a
festival
.
We
usually
weekend
in
the
city
when
there
is
a
festival
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
weekend
,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
20th
century
.
tend
verb
-
tend
,
tending
,
tends
,
tended
to
usually
behave
in
a
particular
way
or
to
be
likely
to
do
something
•
Children
tend
to
copy
the
behavior
of
their
parents
.
Children
tend
to
copy
the
behavior
of
their
parents
.
•
I
tend
to
get
sleepy
after
lunch
.
I
tend
to
get
sleepy
after
lunch
.
From
Middle
English
tenden
,
from
Old
French
tendre
,
from
Latin
tendere
meaning
“
to
stretch
”
or
“
to
incline
”.
verb
-
tend
,
tending
,
tends
,
tended
to
look
after
someone
or
something
;
to
take
care
of
•
The
farmer
tended
his
sheep
all
night
.
The
farmer
tended
his
sheep
all
night
.
•
Could
you
tend
the
soup
while
I
answer
the
phone
?
Could
you
tend
the
soup
while
I
answer
the
phone
?
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
tendere
“
to
stretch
”,
which
developed
the
idea
of
“
stretching
one
’
s
attention
toward
”
someone
or
something
.
verb
-
tend
,
tending
,
tends
,
tended
to
move
or
develop
in
a
particular
direction
or
toward
a
particular
result
•
The
discussion
tended
toward
politics
.
The
discussion
tended
toward
politics
.
•
Prices
tend
upward
when
demand
is
high
.
Prices
tend
upward
when
demand
is
high
.
Developed
from
the
same
Latin
root
as
other
senses
,
focusing
on
the
sense
of
“
stretching
or
leaning
toward
”
a
direction
.
attend
verb
to
go
to
and
be
present
at
a
particular
event
,
meeting
,
or
place
•
More
than
two
hundred
people
attended
the
concert
last
night
.
More
than
two
hundred
people
attended
the
concert
last
night
.
•
Will
you
attend
the
meeting
tomorrow
morning
?
Will
you
attend
the
meeting
tomorrow
morning
?
From
Middle
English
‘
attenden
’,
from
Old
French
‘
atendre
’,
from
Latin
‘
attendere
’
meaning
‘
to
give
heed
to
’.
verb
to
go
regularly
to
a
place
such
as
a
school
,
class
,
or
club
•
Both
of
her
children
attend
the
local
elementary
school
.
Both
of
her
children
attend
the
local
elementary
school
.
•
I
used
to
attend
karate
classes
every
Friday
.
I
used
to
attend
karate
classes
every
Friday
.
verb
to
give
attention
or
care
to
something
or
someone
;
to
deal
with
•
The
nurse
quickly
attended to
the
injured
passenger
.
The
nurse
quickly
attended to
the
injured
passenger
.
•
Please
attend to
all
calls
while
I'm
out
.
Please
attend to
all
calls
while
I'm
out
.
verb
to
happen
together
with
,
or
as
a
result
of
,
another
event
or
situation
•
Economic
growth
is
often
attended
by
rising
inflation
.
Economic
growth
is
often
attended
by
rising
inflation
.
•
Great
responsibility
attends
high
office
.
Great
responsibility
attends
high
office
.
depend
verb
-
depend
,
depending
,
depends
,
depended
to
be
decided
or
influenced
by
something
else
;
to
be
conditional
on
a
particular
factor
•
Whether
we
go
camping
tomorrow
will
depend
on
the
weather
.
Whether
we
go
camping
tomorrow
will
depend
on
the
weather
.
•
The
success
of
the
project
depends
on
everyone's
cooperation
.
The
success
of
the
project
depends
on
everyone's
cooperation
.
From
Latin
dependēre
“
to
hang
from
,
be
contingent
upon
” (
de-
“
down
”
+
pendēre
“
to
hang
”).
verb
-
depend
,
depending
,
depends
,
depended
to
need
someone
or
something
for
support
,
help
,
or
survival
;
to
rely
on
•
Young
children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
shelter
.
Young
children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
shelter
.
•
Many
rural
villages
depend
on
a
single
well
for
clean
water
.
Many
rural
villages
depend
on
a
single
well
for
clean
water
.
Same
origin
as
the
first
sense
:
Latin
dependēre
“
to
hang
from
,
be
supported
by
.”
independent
adjective
not
controlled
,
helped
,
or
influenced
by
other
people
,
things
,
or
countries
•
At
eighteen
,
Maria
moved
into
her
own
flat
to
become
independent
.
At
eighteen
,
Maria
moved
into
her
own
flat
to
become
independent
.
•
The
small
island
nation
became
independent
after
decades
of
foreign
rule
.
The
small
island
nation
became
independent
after
decades
of
foreign
rule
.
From
Latin
'independens'
meaning
‘
not
relying
on
something
else
’,
formed
from
in-
‘
not
’
+
dependere
‘
to
hang
from
’.
noun
a
person
,
group
,
or
business
that
does
not
belong
to
or
depend
on
a
larger
organization
,
especially
a
voter
or
politician
with
no
political
party
•
The
independent
won
the
mayor
’
s
race
,
surprising
the
big
parties
.
The
independent
won
the
mayor
’
s
race
,
surprising
the
big
parties
.
•
As
an
independent
,
Carla
judges
each
election
by
the
issues
,
not
by
party
loyalty
.
As
an
independent
,
Carla
judges
each
election
by
the
issues
,
not
by
party
loyalty
.
From
the
adjective
‘
independent
’;
used
as
a
noun
since
the
17th
century
to
describe
people
or
groups
standing
alone
.
intend
verb
to
have
a
plan
or
goal
in
your
mind
about
what
you
will
do
•
She
intends
to
start
college
next
year
.
She
intends
to
start
college
next
year
.
•
They
intend
to
travel
across
Europe
by
train
this
summer
.
They
intend
to
travel
across
Europe
by
train
this
summer
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
intendĕre
’
meaning
‘
stretch
toward
,
purpose
’.
verb
to
mean
something
or
have
a
particular
purpose
in
mind
when
you
say
or
do
it
•
What
did
you
intend
by
that
comment
?
What
did
you
intend
by
that
comment
?
•
The
author
intends
her
novel
to
inspire
young
readers
.
The
author
intends
her
novel
to
inspire
young
readers
.
verb
to
design
or
choose
something
for
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
purpose
•
This
room
is
intended
for
guests
only
.
This
room
is
intended
for
guests
only
.
•
The
safety
instructions
are
intended
for
all
employees
.
The
safety
instructions
are
intended
for
all
employees
.
recommend
verb
to
say
that
someone
or
something
is
good
or
suitable
so
other
people
will
choose
or
use
it
•
I
highly
recommend
this
little
Italian
restaurant
;
the
pasta
is
delicious
.
I
highly
recommend
this
little
Italian
restaurant
;
the
pasta
is
delicious
.
•
Our
teacher
recommended
a
fascinating
history
book
for
us
to
read
over
the
summer
.
Our
teacher
recommended
a
fascinating
history
book
for
us
to
read
over
the
summer
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
recommendare
’
meaning
‘
commit
to
one
’
s
care
again
’,
from
‘
re-
’ (
again
)
+
‘
commendare
’ (
commit
,
entrust
).
verb
to
advise
someone
that
a
particular
action
is
the
best
thing
to
do
•
Doctors
recommend
that
you
rest
for
at
least
a
week
after
the
operation
.
Doctors
recommend
that
you
rest
for
at
least
a
week
after
the
operation
.
•
I
would
recommend
taking
the
train
instead
of
driving
during
rush
hour
.
I
would
recommend
taking
the
train
instead
of
driving
during
rush
hour
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
attractive
or
suitable
for
a
particular
purpose
•
His
honesty
recommended
him
for
the
position
of
treasurer
.
His
honesty
recommended
him
for
the
position
of
treasurer
.
•
The
cottage's
beautiful
view
recommends
it
to
anyone
seeking
a
peaceful
retreat
.
The
cottage's
beautiful
view
recommends
it
to
anyone
seeking
a
peaceful
retreat
.
extend
verb
to
make
something
longer
,
larger
,
or
last
for
a
greater
amount
of
time
•
She
asked
the
architect
to
extend
the
balcony
so
it
could
fit
a
small
table
.
She
asked
the
architect
to
extend
the
balcony
so
it
could
fit
a
small
table
.
•
Because
of
the
snowstorm
,
the
teacher
extended
the
homework
deadline
by
two
days
.
Because
of
the
snowstorm
,
the
teacher
extended
the
homework
deadline
by
two
days
.
From
Latin
extendere
,
from
ex-
“
out
”
+
tendere
“
stretch
”.
verb
to
continue
or
reach
over
a
particular
distance
,
area
,
or
period
of
time
•
The
Great
Wall
of
China
extends
for
thousands
of
kilometers
across
rugged
mountains
.
The
Great
Wall
of
China
extends
for
thousands
of
kilometers
across
rugged
mountains
.
•
The
music
festival
extends
over
two
full
weeks
each
summer
.
The
music
festival
extends
over
two
full
weeks
each
summer
.
Same
Latin
root
as
other
senses
:
extendere
“
stretch
out
”.
verb
to
straighten
or
stretch
out
a
limb
or
part
of
the
body
•
He
extended
his
hand
to
help
her
climb
the
steep
steps
.
He
extended
his
hand
to
help
her
climb
the
steep
steps
.
•
The
yoga
instructor
told
everyone
to
extend
their
arms
overhead
and
breathe
deeply
.
The
yoga
instructor
told
everyone
to
extend
their
arms
overhead
and
breathe
deeply
.
Links
to
Latin
tendere
“
stretch
”,
illustrating
the
physical
act
.
verb
to
offer
something
such
as
help
,
thanks
,
or
an
invitation
in
a
formal
or
polite
way
•
The
company
extended
a
warm
welcome
to
the
new
interns
at
the
reception
.
The
company
extended
a
warm
welcome
to
the
new
interns
at
the
reception
.
•
We
would
like
to
extend
our
sincere
thanks
for
your
generous
donation
.
We
would
like
to
extend
our
sincere
thanks
for
your
generous
donation
.
Derived
from
the
idea
of
‘
stretching
out
’
one
’
s
hand
to
give
something
,
hence
to
offer
formally
.
defend
verb
to
protect
someone
or
something
from
harm
,
danger
,
or
attack
•
The
knight
raised
his
shield
to
defend
the
village
from
invaders
.
The
knight
raised
his
shield
to
defend
the
village
from
invaders
.
•
A
sturdy
umbrella
can
defend
you
against
heavy
summer
rain
.
A
sturdy
umbrella
can
defend
you
against
heavy
summer
rain
.
From
Latin
‘
defendere
’
meaning
‘
to
ward
off
,
protect
’.
verb
in
team
sports
,
to
try
to
stop
the
opposing
side
from
scoring
•
The
goalkeeper
leaped
to
defend
against
the
penalty
kick
.
The
goalkeeper
leaped
to
defend
against
the
penalty
kick
.
•
Our
team
needs
to
defend
better
in
the
second
half
.
Our
team
needs
to
defend
better
in
the
second
half
.
Sports
writers
began
using
‘
defend
’
for
preventing
scores
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
to
speak
or
act
in
support
of
someone
or
something
,
especially
when
they
are
criticized
or
accused
•
The
lawyer
promised
to
defend
his
client
vigorously
in
court
.
The
lawyer
promised
to
defend
his
client
vigorously
in
court
.
•
She
went
on
television
to
defend
the
new
policy
against
criticism
.
She
went
on
television
to
defend
the
new
policy
against
criticism
.
The
sense
of
‘
argue
in
favor
’
developed
from
the
physical
idea
of
protection
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
.
verb
to
try
to
win
again
a
title
,
position
,
or
record
that
you
already
hold
•
The
champion
boxer
will
defend
his
title
next
Saturday
.
The
champion
boxer
will
defend
his
title
next
Saturday
.
•
She
trained
all
year
to
defend
her
marathon
crown
.
She
trained
all
year
to
defend
her
marathon
crown
.
This
sporting
sense
grew
from
‘
protect
what
one
has
’
in
the
early
20th
century
.
trend
noun
something
fashionable
or
popular
for
a
period
of
time
•
Wearing
brightly
colored
socks
has
become
a
popular
trend
among
teenagers
this
year
.
Wearing
brightly
colored
socks
has
become
a
popular
trend
among
teenagers
this
year
.
•
The
fashion
blogger
posted
photos
of
the
latest
streetwear
trends
.
The
fashion
blogger
posted
photos
of
the
latest
streetwear
trends
.
Extended
from
the
earlier
sense
of
‘
direction
’
to
‘
direction
of
taste
’,
especially
in
20th-century
fashion
and
media
.
noun
a
general
direction
or
pattern
in
which
something
develops
or
changes
over
time
•
Over
the
past
decade
,
there
has
been
a
clear
upward
trend
in
global
smartphone
use
.
Over
the
past
decade
,
there
has
been
a
clear
upward
trend
in
global
smartphone
use
.
•
The
scientist
pointed
at
a
graph
showing
a
downward
trend
in
the
bird
population
.
The
scientist
pointed
at
a
graph
showing
a
downward
trend
in
the
bird
population
.
From
Middle
English
,
borrowed
from
Old
English
trendan
“
to
roll
,
turn
”,
later
shifting
to
the
idea
of
turning
or
moving
in
a
certain
direction
.
verb
to
become
very
popular
or
widely
discussed
,
especially
on
social
media
,
for
a
short
time
•
After
the
movie
release
,
the
actor's
name
began
to
trend
on
social
media
.
After
the
movie
release
,
the
actor's
name
began
to
trend
on
social
media
.
•
The
song
was
trending
worldwide
by
midnight
.
The
song
was
trending
worldwide
by
midnight
.
Verbal
use
developed
in
the
late
20th
century
with
the
rise
of
internet
statistics
that
marked
items
‘
trending
’
upward
in
attention
.
gender
noun
a
person
’
s
social
identity
of
being
male
,
female
,
both
,
neither
,
or
somewhere
in
between
,
which
may
or
may
not
match
the
sex
they
were
assigned
at
birth
•
The
survey
allowed
people
to
choose
their
gender
freely
.
The
survey
allowed
people
to
choose
their
gender
freely
.
•
Alex
explained
that
gender
is
different
from
biological
sex
.
Alex
explained
that
gender
is
different
from
biological
sex
.
From
Middle
English
“
gendre
”
meaning
kind
or
sort
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
,
originally
from
Latin
“
genus
”
meaning
birth
or
kind
.
noun
in
grammar
,
the
class
a
noun
belongs
to
,
such
as
masculine
,
feminine
,
or
neuter
,
which
can
affect
the
form
of
related
words
•
In
Spanish
,
every
noun
has
a
grammatical
gender
.
In
Spanish
,
every
noun
has
a
grammatical
gender
.
•
The
word
“
table
”
is
feminine
in
French
gender
.
The
word
“
table
”
is
feminine
in
French
gender
.
Same
historical
root
as
the
social
sense
,
but
applied
to
words
in
Latin
grammar
and
carried
into
modern
linguistic
study
.
verb
-
gender
,
gendering
,
genders
,
gendered
to
classify
or
describe
something
or
someone
as
male
,
female
,
or
another
gender
•
Marketers
often
gender
products
like
razors
and
pens
.
Marketers
often
gender
products
like
razors
and
pens
.
•
It
is
unhelpful
to
gender
hobbies
as
only
for
boys
or
only
for
girls
.
It
is
unhelpful
to
gender
hobbies
as
only
for
boys
or
only
for
girls
.
From
the
noun
“
gender
”;
the
verb
form
began
to
appear
in
the
20th
century
as
sociologists
discussed
how
society
labels
things
as
male
or
female
.
amendment
noun
a
formal
change
added
to
an
official
law
,
constitution
,
contract
,
or
other
written
document
•
The
senator
proposed
an
amendment
to
the
bill
that
would
protect
small
businesses
.
The
senator
proposed
an
amendment
to
the
bill
that
would
protect
small
businesses
.
•
The
First
Amendment
guarantees
freedom
of
speech
in
the
United
States
.
The
First
Amendment
guarantees
freedom
of
speech
in
the
United
States
.
from
Middle
English
amendement
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
,
ultimately
from
Latin
emendare
meaning
“
to
correct
”
noun
the
act
or
process
of
changing
something
to
make
it
better
•
Our
team
suggested
one
small
amendment
to
the
project
plan
to
save
time
.
Our
team
suggested
one
small
amendment
to
the
project
plan
to
save
time
.
•
Sometimes
a
minor
amendment
in
wording
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
sentence
.
Sometimes
a
minor
amendment
in
wording
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
sentence
.
noun
a
substance
such
as
compost
,
manure
,
or
lime
that
is
mixed
into
soil
to
improve
its
quality
•
Gardeners
often
add
compost
as
an
amendment
to
improve
soil
drainage
.
Gardeners
often
add
compost
as
an
amendment
to
improve
soil
drainage
.
•
The
soil
test
showed
low
acidity
,
so
lime
amendments
were
recommended
.
The
soil
test
showed
low
acidity
,
so
lime
amendments
were
recommended
.
agenda
noun
a
written
or
printed
list
of
topics
or
things
to
be
done
and
discussed
at
a
meeting
or
event
,
arranged
in
the
order
you
will
deal
with
them
•
Before
the
meeting
,
Rosa
printed
the
agenda
and
handed
a
copy
to
each
colleague
.
Before
the
meeting
,
Rosa
printed
the
agenda
and
handed
a
copy
to
each
colleague
.
•
The
chairperson
moved
quickly
through
the
agenda
to
finish
before
lunch
.
The
chairperson
moved
quickly
through
the
agenda
to
finish
before
lunch
.
From
Latin
agenda
,
neuter
plural
of
agendum
“
things
to
be
done
”,
from
agere
“
to
do
,
act
”.
noun
a
set
of
goals
or
plans
,
especially
a
hidden
or
personal
reason
for
doing
something
•
Some
critics
believe
the
senator
has
a
hidden
agenda
behind
the
new
law
.
Some
critics
believe
the
senator
has
a
hidden
agenda
behind
the
new
law
.
•
Tom
’
s
only
agenda
is
to
make
sure
the
project
succeeds
.
Tom
’
s
only
agenda
is
to
make
sure
the
project
succeeds
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
idea
of
a
meeting
list
to
mean
the
underlying
list
of
personal
motives
a
person
carries
.
spending
noun
-
spending
the
money
that
a
person
,
group
,
or
government
uses
to
buy
things
or
pay
for
services
•
Government
spending
on
healthcare
has
increased
this
year
.
Government
spending
on
healthcare
has
increased
this
year
.
•
He
tracks
his
weekly
spending
in
a
small
notebook
to
stay
within
budget
.
He
tracks
his
weekly
spending
in
a
small
notebook
to
stay
within
budget
.
From
the
verb
spend
+
-ing
,
first
used
as
a
noun
in
the
early
19th
century
.
verb
-
spend
,
spending
,
spends
,
spent
present
participle
of
spend
:
using
money
,
time
,
or
effort
on
something
•
She
is
spending
the
afternoon
reading
by
the
lake
.
She
is
spending
the
afternoon
reading
by
the
lake
.
•
They
were
spending
too
much
money
on
takeout
every
week
.
They
were
spending
too
much
money
on
takeout
every
week
.
Present
participle
of
Middle
English
spenden
,
from
Old
English
spendan
,
ultimately
from
Latin
expendere
.
girlfriend
noun
a
woman
or
girl
with
whom
someone
is
having
a
romantic
relationship
or
is
dating
•
Tom
introduced
Emily
as
his
new
girlfriend
at
the
party
.
Tom
introduced
Emily
as
his
new
girlfriend
at
the
party
.
•
I
’
m
taking
my
girlfriend
to
a
fancy
restaurant
for
her
birthday
.
I
’
m
taking
my
girlfriend
to
a
fancy
restaurant
for
her
birthday
.
Formed
by
combining
girl
+
friend
in
the
late
19th
century
to
specify
a
female
romantic
partner
.
noun
a
female
friend
,
especially
one
woman
’
s
close
female
companion
•
On
Saturday
,
Carla
had
lunch
with
her
best
girlfriend
from
college
.
On
Saturday
,
Carla
had
lunch
with
her
best
girlfriend
from
college
.
•
Whenever
I
need
advice
,
I
call
a
girlfriend
to
talk
things
through
.
Whenever
I
need
advice
,
I
call
a
girlfriend
to
talk
things
through
.
Extension
of
the
romantic
sense
;
in
North
American
English
from
the
mid-20th
century
,
women
began
using
girlfriend
to
mean
a
close
female
friend
.
pretend
verb
to
act
or
behave
as
if
something
is
true
when
it
is
not
,
often
to
deceive
or
for
fun
•
Maria
closed
her
eyes
and
pretended
she
was
on
a
sunny
beach
while
waiting
at
the
bus
stop
.
Maria
closed
her
eyes
and
pretended
she
was
on
a
sunny
beach
while
waiting
at
the
bus
stop
.
•
The
little
boy
put
a
towel
around
his
neck
and
pretended
to
be
a
superhero
.
The
little
boy
put
a
towel
around
his
neck
and
pretended
to
be
a
superhero
.
noun
imaginative
play
in
which
people
,
especially
children
,
act
out
situations
that
are
not
real
•
The
children
spent
the
afternoon
in
pretend
,
turning
cardboard
boxes
into
rocket
ships
.
The
children
spent
the
afternoon
in
pretend
,
turning
cardboard
boxes
into
rocket
ships
.
•
A
good
dose
of
pretend
helps
kids
develop
creativity
.
A
good
dose
of
pretend
helps
kids
develop
creativity
.
adjective
not
real
;
made
or
used
only
for
play
or
as
a
substitute
•
She
poured
water
into
a
pretend
teacup
for
her
doll
.
She
poured
water
into
a
pretend
teacup
for
her
doll
.
•
The
actor
used
a
pretend
sword
made
of
foam
during
rehearsal
.
The
actor
used
a
pretend
sword
made
of
foam
during
rehearsal
.
boyfriend
noun
a
male
partner
in
a
romantic
or
dating
relationship
•
Maria
introduced
her
new
boyfriend
at
the
family
dinner
.
Maria
introduced
her
new
boyfriend
at
the
family
dinner
.
•
Sam
and
his
boyfriend
are
planning
a
trip
to
Japan
.
Sam
and
his
boyfriend
are
planning
a
trip
to
Japan
.
From
boy
+
friend
;
first
attested
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
(
dated
)
a
male
companion
or
close
male
friend
,
without
implying
a
romantic
relationship
•
In
her
letters
,
Emily
called
Charles
her
trusty
boyfriend
who
always
helped
with
chores
.
In
her
letters
,
Emily
called
Charles
her
trusty
boyfriend
who
always
helped
with
chores
.
•
The
sailor
wrote
of
adventures
shared
with
his
boyfriend
during
their
years
at
sea
.
The
sailor
wrote
of
adventures
shared
with
his
boyfriend
during
their
years
at
sea
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
earlier
usage
did
not
necessarily
imply
romance
.
bend
verb
-
bend
,
bending
,
bends
,
bent
to
shape
or
move
something
so
that
it
is
not
straight
,
or
to
lean
your
body
so
part
of
it
becomes
curved
•
She
bent
the
soft
wire
into
the
shape
of
a
heart
.
She
bent
the
soft
wire
into
the
shape
of
a
heart
.
•
He
bent
down
to
pick
up
the
shiny
coin
on
the
pavement
.
He
bent
down
to
pick
up
the
shiny
coin
on
the
pavement
.
Old
English
"
bendan
"
meaning
"
to
curve
,
arch
or
bow
,"
related
to
Old
Norse
"
benda
,"
of
Germanic
origin
.
noun
a
curved
part
of
something
that
is
usually
straight
,
such
as
a
road
,
river
,
or
pipe
•
Slow
down
,
there
’
s
a
sharp
bend
ahead
on
the
road
.
Slow
down
,
there
’
s
a
sharp
bend
ahead
on
the
road
.
•
The
river
makes
a
wide
bend
around
the
old
castle
.
The
river
makes
a
wide
bend
around
the
old
castle
.
noun
the
movement
or
act
of
lowering
or
curving
part
of
the
body
,
especially
at
a
joint
•
Keep
your
back
straight
during
each
bend
and
lift
with
your
legs
.
Keep
your
back
straight
during
each
bend
and
lift
with
your
legs
.
•
The
yoga
teacher
counted
the
forward
bend
for
the
class
.
The
yoga
teacher
counted
the
forward
bend
for
the
class
.
verb
-
bend
,
bending
,
bends
,
bent
to
change
or
adjust
a
rule
,
truth
,
or
situation
so
it
fits
what
you
want
,
often
unfairly
•
The
coach
bent
the
rules
so
every
child
could
play
.
The
coach
bent
the
rules
so
every
child
could
play
.
•
Politicians
sometimes
bend
the
facts
to
appear
more
successful
.
Politicians
sometimes
bend
the
facts
to
appear
more
successful
.
independence
noun
-
independence
the
state
of
not
being
controlled
by
or
relying
on
other
people
,
organizations
,
or
things
•
After
moving
out
of
her
parents'
house
,
Maria
loved
her
new-found
independence
.
After
moving
out
of
her
parents'
house
,
Maria
loved
her
new-found
independence
.
•
Learning
to
drive
gave
Jake
a
thrilling
sense
of
independence
.
Learning
to
drive
gave
Jake
a
thrilling
sense
of
independence
.
From
Latin
independens
(“
not
depending
on
something
else
”),
formed
from
in-
(“
not
”)
+
dependere
(“
to
hang
from
,
rely
on
”).
noun
-
independence
freedom
of
a
nation
or
region
to
govern
itself
,
separate
from
another
country
•
India
celebrates
its
independence
on
August
15
each
year
.
India
celebrates
its
independence
on
August
15
each
year
.
•
The
colony
fought
a
long
war
to
gain
independence
from
the
empire
.
The
colony
fought
a
long
war
to
gain
independence
from
the
empire
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
;
became
associated
with
national
self-rule
after
political
revolutions
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
-
independence
a
situation
in
mathematics
or
statistics
where
one
value
or
event
does
not
influence
another
•
The
scientist
questioned
the
independence
of
the
two
measurements
.
The
scientist
questioned
the
independence
of
the
two
measurements
.
•
A
chi-square
test
can
check
the
independence
of
categorical
variables
.
A
chi-square
test
can
check
the
independence
of
categorical
variables
.
Adopted
into
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
variables
that
do
not
depend
on
each
other
.
recommendation
noun
advice
or
a
helpful
suggestion
about
what
someone
should
do
or
choose
•
My
dentist
gave
me
a
strong
recommendation
to
floss
daily
.
My
dentist
gave
me
a
strong
recommendation
to
floss
daily
.
•
Can
you
give
me
a
restaurant
recommendation
for
tonight
?
Can
you
give
me
a
restaurant
recommendation
for
tonight
?
from
Latin
recommendatio
,
meaning
"
bringing
back
to
mind
,
commendation
"
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
praising
someone
’
s
abilities
or
character
,
often
used
when
they
are
applying
for
a
job
,
school
,
or
position
•
Her
former
manager
wrote
a
glowing
recommendation
for
the
job
application
.
Her
former
manager
wrote
a
glowing
recommendation
for
the
job
application
.
•
I
got
the
apartment
thanks
to
a
friend's
personal
recommendation
.
I
got
the
apartment
thanks
to
a
friend's
personal
recommendation
.
Sense
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
for
letters
praising
a
person
.
noun
an
official
proposal
or
course
of
action
suggested
by
a
committee
,
report
,
or
authority
•
The
committee's
first
recommendation
was
to
reduce
class
sizes
.
The
committee's
first
recommendation
was
to
reduce
class
sizes
.
•
Parliament
accepted
the
report's
recommendation
to
increase
funding
.
Parliament
accepted
the
report's
recommendation
to
increase
funding
.
Extended
bureaucratic
use
arose
in
the
19th
century
as
governments
and
organizations
formalized
advice
into
official
reports
.
friendly
adjective
-
friendly
,
friendlier
,
friendliest
kind
,
helpful
,
and
pleasant
toward
others
•
Our
new
neighbor
is
very
friendly
and
always
waves
when
she
sees
us
.
Our
new
neighbor
is
very
friendly
and
always
waves
when
she
sees
us
.
•
The
shop
assistant
was
so
friendly
that
I
felt
welcome
right
away
.
The
shop
assistant
was
so
friendly
that
I
felt
welcome
right
away
.
Old
English
‘
frēondlīc
’,
formed
from
‘
frēond
’
meaning
‘
friend
’
+
‘
-līc
’
meaning
‘
-ly
’,
originally
describing
something
belonging
to
a
friend
and
later
shifting
to
today
’
s
sense
of
kind-hearted
.
adjective
-
friendly
,
friendlier
,
friendliest
not
harmful
to
,
or
specially
suitable
for
,
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
thing
•
This
shampoo
is
friendly
to
the
environment
because
it
breaks
down
quickly
.
This
shampoo
is
friendly
to
the
environment
because
it
breaks
down
quickly
.
•
The
city
built
a
wheelchair-friendly
ramp
at
the
library
entrance
.
The
city
built
a
wheelchair-friendly
ramp
at
the
library
entrance
.
noun
-
friendly
,
friendlies
a
sports
match
played
for
practice
or
enjoyment
and
not
as
part
of
an
official
competition
•
Our
football
team
will
play
a
friendly
against
the
local
club
next
Saturday
.
Our
football
team
will
play
a
friendly
against
the
local
club
next
Saturday
.
•
The
coach
arranged
a
mid-season
friendly
to
test
new
tactics
.
The
coach
arranged
a
mid-season
friendly
to
test
new
tactics
.
From
the
adjective
‘
friendly
’;
first
used
in
British
sporting
slang
in
the
late
19th
century
to
label
informal
matches
that
retained
a
friendly
spirit
.
adjective
-
friendly
,
friendlier
,
friendliest
belonging
to
or
supporting
your
own
side
in
a
conflict
,
game
,
or
competition
•
The
soldier
checked
twice
to
be
sure
the
approaching
vehicle
was
friendly
before
lowering
his
weapon
.
The
soldier
checked
twice
to
be
sure
the
approaching
vehicle
was
friendly
before
lowering
his
weapon
.
•
During
the
video
game
,
I
accidentally
shot
a
friendly
teammate
and
lost
points
.
During
the
video
game
,
I
accidentally
shot
a
friendly
teammate
and
lost
points
.
depending
verb
continuously
relying
on
someone
or
something
for
what
you
need
or
for
something
to
happen
•
The
villagers
are
depending on
the
river
for
fresh
water
.
The
villagers
are
depending on
the
river
for
fresh
water
.
•
During
the
hike
,
we
were
depending on
our
map
to
find
the
right
path
.
During
the
hike
,
we
were
depending on
our
map
to
find
the
right
path
.
Present
participle
of
the
verb
“
depend
,”
which
comes
from
Latin
dependere
meaning
“
to
hang
down
”
or
“
be
contingent
on
.”
preposition
used
to
say
that
something
will
change
or
be
decided
by
another
thing
•
Depending on
the
weather
,
the
picnic
will
be
held
in
the
park
or
indoors
.
Depending on
the
weather
,
the
picnic
will
be
held
in
the
park
or
indoors
.
•
Class
times
may
vary
depending on
the
instructor
’
s
schedule
.
Class
times
may
vary
depending on
the
instructor
’
s
schedule
.
Evolved
from
the
participial
form
of
“
depend
”
used
absolutely
with
or
without
“
on
”
since
the
late
17th
century
.
friendship
noun
a
close
relationship
between
people
who
like
,
trust
,
and
support
one
another
•
Their
friendship
began
in
kindergarten
and
lasted
a
lifetime
.
Their
friendship
began
in
kindergarten
and
lasted
a
lifetime
.
•
Thanks
to
social
media
,
our
long-distance
friendship
stayed
strong
.
Thanks
to
social
media
,
our
long-distance
friendship
stayed
strong
.
Old
English
frēondscipe
,
from
frēond
(
friend
)
+
-scipe
(
-ship
,
state
or
condition
).
noun
-
friendship
a
feeling
of
goodwill
and
mutual
support
between
people
,
groups
,
or
nations
•
The
treaty
was
signed
to
promote
friendship
between
the
two
countries
.
The
treaty
was
signed
to
promote
friendship
between
the
two
countries
.
•
Sports
can
build
friendship
across
cultures
.
Sports
can
build
friendship
across
cultures
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Old
English
frēondscipe
.
tremendous
adjective
extremely
large
,
powerful
,
or
intense
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
.
•
The
company
made
a
tremendous
profit
last
year
.
The
company
made
a
tremendous
profit
last
year
.
•
The
earthquake
caused
tremendous
damage
to
the
city
.
The
earthquake
caused
tremendous
damage
to
the
city
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
tremendus
‘
to
be
trembled
at
’,
from
tremere
‘
to
tremble
’.
adjective
excellent
,
very
good
,
or
extremely
enjoyable
.
•
You
did
a
tremendous
job
on
your
presentation
.
You
did
a
tremendous
job
on
your
presentation
.
•
We
had
a
tremendous
time
at
the
festival
.
We
had
a
tremendous
time
at
the
festival
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
tremendus
‘
to
be
trembled
at
’,
shifting
over
time
to
mean
‘
remarkably
great
’
or
‘
excellent
’.
tendency
noun
-
tendency
,
tendencies
a
natural
or
usual
way
of
acting
,
thinking
,
or
happening
that
makes
something
likely
to
occur
again
•
As
a
toddler
,
Maya
had
a
tendency
to
spill
her
juice
on
the
floor
.
As
a
toddler
,
Maya
had
a
tendency
to
spill
her
juice
on
the
floor
.
•
Leo's
tendency
to
arrive
early
impressed
his
new
boss
.
Leo's
tendency
to
arrive
early
impressed
his
new
boss
.
From
Latin
tendentia
,
from
tendere
“
to
stretch
,
aim
for
.”
noun
-
tendency
,
tendencies
a
general
direction
or
course
that
something
is
moving
or
changing
over
time
•
Sales
data
show
a
tendency
toward
more
online
purchases
during
holidays
.
Sales
data
show
a
tendency
toward
more
online
purchases
during
holidays
.
•
In
this
valley
,
clouds
have
a
tendency
to
gather
over
the
mountains
by
afternoon
.
In
this
valley
,
clouds
have
a
tendency
to
gather
over
the
mountains
by
afternoon
.
From
Latin
tendentia
,
from
tendere
“
to
stretch
,
aim
for
.”
noun
-
tendency
,
tendencies
a
small
group
within
a
larger
political
or
social
movement
that
shares
specific
ideas
or
aims
•
The
socialist
tendency
opposed
the
leadership's
new
policy
.
The
socialist
tendency
opposed
the
leadership's
new
policy
.
•
A
green
tendency
emerged
inside
the
party
,
pushing
for
renewable
energy
.
A
green
tendency
emerged
inside
the
party
,
pushing
for
renewable
energy
.
From
Latin
tendentia
,
from
tendere
“
to
stretch
,
aim
for
.”
The
political
sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
defendant
noun
the
person
,
company
,
or
organization
that
is
accused
of
a
crime
or
is
being
sued
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
defendant
pleaded
not
guilty
to
all
charges
.
The
defendant
pleaded
not
guilty
to
all
charges
.
•
After
weeks
of
testimony
,
the
jury
decided
the
defendant
was
responsible
for
the
damages
.
After
weeks
of
testimony
,
the
jury
decided
the
defendant
was
responsible
for
the
damages
.
from
Latin
‘
defendere
’
meaning
‘
to
ward
off
,
protect
’,
later
used
in
Law
French
and
Middle
English
to
refer
to
a
person
who
defends
against
an
accusation
render
verb
to
cause
someone
or
something
to
be
in
a
particular
state
or
condition
•
The
sudden
news
rendered
Maya
silent
.
The
sudden
news
rendered
Maya
silent
.
•
A
hard
frost
overnight
rendered
the
roads
dangerously
slick
.
A
hard
frost
overnight
rendered
the
roads
dangerously
slick
.
From
Latin
‘
reddere
’
meaning
“
to
give
back
,
make
,
or
present
.”
verb
to
formally
give
,
deliver
,
or
provide
something
such
as
help
,
service
,
or
a
decision
•
Paramedics
quickly
rendered
first
aid
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
Paramedics
quickly
rendered
first
aid
to
the
injured
cyclist
.
•
The
jury
rendered
its
verdict
after
three
days
of
deliberation
.
The
jury
rendered
its
verdict
after
three
days
of
deliberation
.
Medieval
usage
extended
Latin
‘
reddere
’
to
the
sense
of
‘
hand
over
officially
’.
verb
in
computing
and
graphics
,
to
process
digital
data
in
order
to
produce
the
final
image
or
animation
seen
on
screen
•
The
workstation
rendered
the
3D
scene
overnight
.
The
workstation
rendered
the
3D
scene
overnight
.
•
Lowering
the
resolution
helped
the
software
render
faster
.
Lowering
the
resolution
helped
the
software
render
faster
.
Adopted
into
computer
graphics
in
the
1960s
to
describe
‘
making
visible
’
calculated
data
.
noun
a
computer-generated
image
or
animation
produced
after
digital
processing
•
The
designer
emailed
a
high-resolution
render
to
the
client
.
The
designer
emailed
a
high-resolution
render
to
the
client
.
•
We
compared
several
renders
before
selecting
the
final
kitchen
layout
.
We
compared
several
renders
before
selecting
the
final
kitchen
layout
.
Noun
use
arose
in
the
1980s
as
computer
artists
referred
to
the
finished
output
of
the
rendering
process
simply
as
“
a
render
.”
verb
to
represent
or
express
something
in
another
artistic
or
linguistic
form
,
such
as
depicting
a
scene
,
performing
a
piece
of
music
,
or
translating
words
•
The
painter
rendered
the
mountains
in
delicate
watercolors
.
The
painter
rendered
the
mountains
in
delicate
watercolors
.
•
The
actress
rendered
the
tragic
monologue
with
deep
emotion
.
The
actress
rendered
the
tragic
monologue
with
deep
emotion
.
Sense
developed
in
the
Renaissance
as
artists
‘
gave
back
’
reality
in
painted
form
.
dependent
adjective
needing
someone
or
something
else
in
order
to
live
,
work
properly
,
or
succeed
•
Young
birds
are
completely
dependent
on
their
parents
for
food
.
Young
birds
are
completely
dependent
on
their
parents
for
food
.
•
Many
commuters
feel
dependent
on
their
smartphones
for
navigation
and
tickets
.
Many
commuters
feel
dependent
on
their
smartphones
for
navigation
and
tickets
.
From
Latin
“
dependēns
”
meaning
“
hanging
down
,
relying
on
.”
noun
a
person
,
such
as
a
child
or
elderly
relative
,
who
relies
on
someone
else
for
financial
support
•
She
claimed
her
son
as
a
dependent
on
her
tax
return
.
She
claimed
her
son
as
a
dependent
on
her
tax
return
.
•
The
company
’
s
health
plan
also
covers
an
employee
’
s
dependents
.
The
company
’
s
health
plan
also
covers
an
employee
’
s
dependents
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
from
Latin
“
dependēns
,”
referring
to
someone
hanging
on
or
relying
on
another
.
legend
noun
a
traditional
story
,
often
about
heroes
,
magical
events
,
or
famous
places
,
that
many
people
know
but
that
may
not
be
completely
true
•
According
to
local
legend
,
a
giant
sleeps
beneath
the
mountain
.
According
to
local
legend
,
a
giant
sleeps
beneath
the
mountain
.
•
The
guide
told
the
scary
legend
of
the
headless
horseman
to
the
tourists
.
The
guide
told
the
scary
legend
of
the
headless
horseman
to
the
tourists
.
From
Latin
legenda
“
things
to
be
read
”,
later
referring
to
saints
’
lives
and
then
to
traditional
stories
noun
a
person
who
is
extremely
famous
and
admired
for
great
achievements
•
Michael
Jordan
is
a
basketball
legend
known
all
over
the
world
.
Michael
Jordan
is
a
basketball
legend
known
all
over
the
world
.
•
My
grandfather
became
a
local
legend
for
repairing
bicycles
for
free
.
My
grandfather
became
a
local
legend
for
repairing
bicycles
for
free
.
Extension
of
the
story
sense
:
a
person
so
noteworthy
that
stories
are
told
about
them
noun
the
part
of
a
map
,
chart
,
or
diagram
that
explains
what
its
symbols
or
colors
mean
•
Always
read
the
map
’
s
legend
to
understand
the
symbols
before
you
start
hiking
.
Always
read
the
map
’
s
legend
to
understand
the
symbols
before
you
start
hiking
.
•
The
diagram
’
s
legend
shows
which
color
represents
each
chemical
element
.
The
diagram
’
s
legend
shows
which
color
represents
each
chemical
element
.
From
the
idea
of
"
something
to
be
read
"
placed
beside
images
,
extended
to
explanatory
keys
on
maps
and
diagrams
interjection
used
informally
to
praise
someone
or
something
you
think
is
great
•
You
got
front-row
concert
tickets
?
Legend
!
You
got
front-row
concert
tickets
?
Legend
!
•
She
fixed
my
laptop
in
five
minutes
—
legend
!
She
fixed
my
laptop
in
five
minutes
—
legend
!
From
the
noun
sense
"
famous
person
",
shortened
into
an
exclamation
of
praise
in
British
and
Australian
slang
in
the
late
20th
century
rent
verb
-
rend
,
rending
,
rends
,
rent
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
rend
:
tore
something
violently
into
pieces
•
Lightning
rent
the
night
sky
.
Lightning
rent
the
night
sky
.
•
Grief
rent
her
heart
.
Grief
rent
her
heart
.
Old
English
‘
rendan
’
became
‘
rend
’;
its
past
form
‘
rent
’
has
survived
in
literary
use
.
lend
verb
-
lend
,
lending
,
lends
,
lent
to
give
someone
something
for
a
short
time
and
expect
them
to
return
it
•
“
Could
you
lend
me
your
pen
for
a
moment
?”
“
Could
you
lend
me
your
pen
for
a
moment
?”
•
I
will
lend
you
my
bike
until
yours
is
fixed
.
I
will
lend
you
my
bike
until
yours
is
fixed
.
verb
-
lend
,
lending
,
lends
,
lent
to
let
someone
have
money
for
a
time
,
usually
expecting
repayment
with
interest
•
The
bank
agreed
to
lend
the
couple
$200
,
000
to
buy
a
house
.
The
bank
agreed
to
lend
the
couple
$200
,
000
to
buy
a
house
.
•
My
parents
lent
me
some
cash
to
start
a
business
.
My
parents
lent
me
some
cash
to
start
a
business
.
verb
-
lend
,
lending
,
lends
,
lent
to
give
or
add
a
particular
quality
,
feature
,
or
help
to
something
•
Tall
oak
trees
lend
the
garden
a
feeling
of
privacy
.
Tall
oak
trees
lend
the
garden
a
feeling
of
privacy
.
•
Her
confident
voice
lent
authority
to
the
presentation
.
Her
confident
voice
lent
authority
to
the
presentation
.
suspend
verb
to
pause
or
stop
something
for
a
short
time
and
plan
to
continue
it
later
•
Due
to
a
sudden
thunderstorm
,
the
umpire
decided
to
suspend
the
baseball
game
until
the
weather
improved
.
Due
to
a
sudden
thunderstorm
,
the
umpire
decided
to
suspend
the
baseball
game
until
the
weather
improved
.
•
The
city
council
voted
to
suspend
the
new
parking
rules
while
they
gathered
more
feedback
.
The
city
council
voted
to
suspend
the
new
parking
rules
while
they
gathered
more
feedback
.
verb
to
officially
force
someone
to
stop
doing
their
job
,
attending
school
,
or
taking
part
in
an
activity
for
a
limited
time
•
The
coach
had
to
suspend
the
striker
for
two
matches
because
of
unsportsmanlike
behavior
.
The
coach
had
to
suspend
the
striker
for
two
matches
because
of
unsportsmanlike
behavior
.
•
After
repeatedly
arriving
late
,
Marisol
was
suspended
from
work
for
three
days
.
After
repeatedly
arriving
late
,
Marisol
was
suspended
from
work
for
three
days
.
verb
to
hang
something
from
above
so
it
is
supported
at
one
point
and
free
below
•
A
crystal
chandelier
suspended
from
the
high
ceiling
sparkled
in
the
ballroom
.
A
crystal
chandelier
suspended
from
the
high
ceiling
sparkled
in
the
ballroom
.
•
They
used
a
sturdy
rope
to
suspend
the
sign
over
the
festival
entrance
.
They
used
a
sturdy
rope
to
suspend
the
sign
over
the
festival
entrance
.
verb
to
keep
something
such
as
fine
particles
floating
within
a
liquid
or
gas
•
Tiny
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
beam
of
sunlight
made
the
attic
glow
.
Tiny
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
beam
of
sunlight
made
the
attic
glow
.
•
The
chemist
suspended
metal
nanoparticles
in
the
solution
to
create
a
special
ink
.
The
chemist
suspended
metal
nanoparticles
in
the
solution
to
create
a
special
ink
.
calendar
noun
a
chart
,
book
,
or
digital
display
that
shows
the
days
,
weeks
,
and
months
of
a
year
•
Ethan
hung
a
new
calendar
on
the
kitchen
wall
to
track
family
birthdays
.
Ethan
hung
a
new
calendar
on
the
kitchen
wall
to
track
family
birthdays
.
•
The
phone
’
s
calendar
reminded
her
of
the
dentist
appointment
.
The
phone
’
s
calendar
reminded
her
of
the
dentist
appointment
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
calendarium
‘
account
book
,
register
’,
originally
‘
something
relating
to
the
kalends
(
first
days
)
of
each
month
’.
noun
a
list
or
schedule
of
planned
events
or
activities
arranged
by
date
•
The
city
’
s
summer
calendar
is
packed
with
concerts
and
festivals
.
The
city
’
s
summer
calendar
is
packed
with
concerts
and
festivals
.
•
Check
the
school
calendar
to
see
when
exams
start
.
Check
the
school
calendar
to
see
when
exams
start
.
verb
to
schedule
or
enter
something
on
a
calendar
•
The
assistant
calendared
the
meeting
for
Tuesday
morning
.
The
assistant
calendared
the
meeting
for
Tuesday
morning
.
•
Please
calendar
our
next
visit
so
we
don
’
t
forget
.
Please
calendar
our
next
visit
so
we
don
’
t
forget
.
noun
in
law
,
a
formal
list
of
cases
or
hearings
scheduled
in
a
court
•
The
judge
looked
at
the
court
calendar
to
set
a
trial
date
.
The
judge
looked
at
the
court
calendar
to
set
a
trial
date
.
•
Several
high-profile
cases
fill
the
morning
calendar
.
Several
high-profile
cases
fill
the
morning
calendar
.
extended
adjective
-
extended
lasting
longer
than
usual
or
longer
than
expected
•
The
company
gave
everyone
an
extended
weekend
to
rest
.
The
company
gave
everyone
an
extended
weekend
to
rest
.
•
After
heavy
snow
,
the
village
suffered
an
extended
power
outage
.
After
heavy
snow
,
the
village
suffered
an
extended
power
outage
.
contend
verb
to
compete
seriously
with
others
to
win
something
•
Several
small
start-ups
contend
for
the
top
prize
at
the
innovation
fair
each
year
.
Several
small
start-ups
contend
for
the
top
prize
at
the
innovation
fair
each
year
.
•
The
two
runners
contended
fiercely
in
the
final
lap
of
the
race
.
The
two
runners
contended
fiercely
in
the
final
lap
of
the
race
.
verb
to
say
that
something
is
true
,
especially
in
an
argument
or
discussion
•
The
scientist
contended
that
the
data
had
been
misinterpreted
.
The
scientist
contended
that
the
data
had
been
misinterpreted
.
•
Some
economists
contend
that
higher
taxes
could
slow
growth
.
Some
economists
contend
that
higher
taxes
could
slow
growth
.
verb
to
have
to
deal
with
a
difficult
situation
or
problem
•
Residents
had
to
contend
with
heavy
snowfall
that
blocked
the
roads
.
Residents
had
to
contend
with
heavy
snowfall
that
blocked
the
roads
.
•
New
parents
often
contend
with
sleepless
nights
and
constant
feedings
.
New
parents
often
contend
with
sleepless
nights
and
constant
feedings
.
offend
verb
-
offend
,
offending
,
offends
,
offended
to
make
someone
feel
upset
,
annoyed
,
or
hurt
•
I
didn't
mean
to
offend
you
with
my
joke
.
I
didn't
mean
to
offend
you
with
my
joke
.
•
His
rude
comments
offended
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
His
rude
comments
offended
everyone
at
the
meeting
.
From
Latin
offendere
“
to
strike
against
,
displease
”.
verb
-
offend
,
offending
,
offends
,
offended
to
break
a
law
or
rule
;
to
commit
an
illegal
act
•
Young
people
who
first
offend
often
receive
a
warning
instead
of
a
fine
.
Young
people
who
first
offend
often
receive
a
warning
instead
of
a
fine
.
•
She
promised
the
judge
she
would
never
offend
again
.
She
promised
the
judge
she
would
never
offend
again
.
Legal
sense
developed
in
English
during
the
14th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
striking
against
’
to
‘
striking
against
the
law
’.
verb
-
offend
,
offending
,
offends
,
offended
to
be
very
unpleasant
to
someone's
senses
or
moral
feelings
•
The
factory
’
s
smoke
offended
the
villagers
’
sense
of
smell
.
The
factory
’
s
smoke
offended
the
villagers
’
sense
of
smell
.
•
The
neon
sign
was
so
bright
it
seemed
to
offend
the
night
sky
.
The
neon
sign
was
so
bright
it
seemed
to
offend
the
night
sky
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
15th
century
,
applying
‘
striking
against
’
to
senses
and
morals
.
vendor
noun
a
person
who
sells
things
,
especially
from
a
stall
,
cart
,
or
stand
in
a
public
place
•
A
smiling
vendor
arranged
colorful
fruit
on
her
market
stall
.
A
smiling
vendor
arranged
colorful
fruit
on
her
market
stall
.
•
We
bought
hot
chestnuts
from
a
street
vendor
on
a
cold
winter
night
.
We
bought
hot
chestnuts
from
a
street
vendor
on
a
cold
winter
night
.
From
Latin
venditor
,
from
vendere
“
to
sell
.”
noun
a
company
or
organization
that
supplies
goods
or
services
for
sale
,
especially
to
another
business
•
The
school
chose
a
new
software
vendor
to
supply
the
classroom
computers
.
The
school
chose
a
new
software
vendor
to
supply
the
classroom
computers
.
•
Before
signing
the
contract
,
we
compared
prices
from
three
different
vendors
.
Before
signing
the
contract
,
we
compared
prices
from
three
different
vendors
.
Same
origin
as
the
sense
for
individual
sellers
,
extended
in
the
20th
century
to
companies
supplying
goods
or
services
.
descend
verb
-
descend
,
descending
,
descends
,
descended
to
move
from
a
higher
place
to
a
lower
one
•
The
hikers
began
to
descend
the
steep
mountain
trail
at
sunrise
.
The
hikers
began
to
descend
the
steep
mountain
trail
at
sunrise
.
•
A
bright
yellow
balloon
slowly
descends
toward
a
grassy
field
during
the
village
festival
.
A
bright
yellow
balloon
slowly
descends
toward
a
grassy
field
during
the
village
festival
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
descendre
,
from
Latin
dēscendere
‘
to
climb
down
’ (
dē-
‘
down
’
+
scandere
‘
to
climb
’).
verb
-
descend
,
descending
,
descends
,
descended
(
of
a
road
,
path
,
or
surface
)
to
slope
or
lead
downward
•
The
narrow
road
descends
gently
toward
the
lake
.
The
narrow
road
descends
gently
toward
the
lake
.
•
Beyond
the
village
,
terraced
vineyards
descend
the
hillside
.
Beyond
the
village
,
terraced
vineyards
descend
the
hillside
.
verb
-
descend
,
descending
,
descends
,
descended
to
come
from
an
ancestor
or
earlier
form
;
to
be
derived
•
She
proudly
tells
people
she
descends
from
ancient
sailors
.
She
proudly
tells
people
she
descends
from
ancient
sailors
.
•
Modern
horses
descend
from
small
,
dog-sized
ancestors
.
Modern
horses
descend
from
small
,
dog-sized
ancestors
.
verb
-
descend
,
descending
,
descends
,
descended
(
of
night
,
silence
,
mood
,
etc
.)
to
fall
or
arrive
suddenly
•
Night
descended
rapidly
over
the
desert
.
Night
descended
rapidly
over
the
desert
.
•
A
hush
descended
on
the
audience
when
the
lights
dimmed
.
A
hush
descended
on
the
audience
when
the
lights
dimmed
.
verb
-
descend
,
descending
,
descends
,
descended
to
reach
a
lower
or
worse
state
of
behavior
,
condition
,
or
quality
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
descended
into
debt
and
despair
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
descended
into
debt
and
despair
.
•
The
debate
quickly
descended
to
name-calling
.
The
debate
quickly
descended
to
name-calling
.
verb
-
descend
,
descending
,
descends
,
descended
to
arrive
or
attack
suddenly
and
in
large
numbers
(
often
with
on/upon
)
•
Reporters
descended on
the
actor
as
he
left
the
courthouse
.
Reporters
descended on
the
actor
as
he
left
the
courthouse
.
•
Locusts
descended on
the
crops
,
leaving
nothing
green
behind
.
Locusts
descended on
the
crops
,
leaving
nothing
green
behind
.
blend
verb
to
mix
two
or
more
things
so
they
combine
smoothly
•
She
blended
strawberries
and
yogurt
to
make
a
creamy
smoothie
.
She
blended
strawberries
and
yogurt
to
make
a
creamy
smoothie
.
•
The
artist
blended
blue
and
green
paint
on
the
canvas
to
create
a
sea-like
color
.
The
artist
blended
blue
and
green
paint
on
the
canvas
to
create
a
sea-like
color
.
Old
English
‘
blandan
’
meaning
‘
to
mix
’,
related
to
Old
Norse
‘
blanda
’.
noun
a
mixture
made
by
combining
different
things
together
•
This
coffee
blend
has
a
smooth
,
chocolatey
flavor
.
This
coffee
blend
has
a
smooth
,
chocolatey
flavor
.
•
The
chef
created
a
special
blend
of
herbs
for
the
soup
.
The
chef
created
a
special
blend
of
herbs
for
the
soup
.
From
the
verb
‘
blend
’;
noun
use
recorded
since
the
late
1800s
,
first
common
in
tea
and
tobacco
trade
.
verb
to
match
or
combine
smoothly
with
the
things
around
so
the
join
is
not
noticeable
•
Her
white
dress
blended
perfectly
with
the
snowy
landscape
.
Her
white
dress
blended
perfectly
with
the
snowy
landscape
.
•
Try
to
blend
the
new
sofa
with
the
rest
of
the
living-room
furniture
.
Try
to
blend
the
new
sofa
with
the
rest
of
the
living-room
furniture
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
‘
blend
’
from
the
physical
act
of
mixing
to
harmonious
matching
,
first
recorded
in
the
1700s
.
tender
adjective
-
tender
,
tenderer
,
tenderest
soft
and
easy
to
cut
or
chew
•
The
steak
was
so
tender
that
I
could
cut
it
with
a
fork
.
The
steak
was
so
tender
that
I
could
cut
it
with
a
fork
.
•
Grandma
simmered
the
carrots
until
they
were
perfectly
tender
.
Grandma
simmered
the
carrots
until
they
were
perfectly
tender
.
adjective
-
tender
,
tenderer
,
tenderest
showing
gentle
affection
,
kindness
,
or
warmth
•
The
mother
gave
her
newborn
a
tender
kiss
on
the
forehead
.
The
mother
gave
her
newborn
a
tender
kiss
on
the
forehead
.
•
He
spoke
in
a
tender
voice
to
comfort
his
nervous
puppy
.
He
spoke
in
a
tender
voice
to
comfort
his
nervous
puppy
.
adjective
-
tender
,
tenderer
,
tenderest
painful
or
sensitive
when
touched
•
Her
ankle
was
still
tender
a
week
after
the
fall
.
Her
ankle
was
still
tender
a
week
after
the
fall
.
•
The
area
around
the
bruise
felt
tender
to
the
touch
.
The
area
around
the
bruise
felt
tender
to
the
touch
.
noun
a
formal
written
offer
to
do
work
or
supply
goods
for
a
stated
price
•
Our
company
submitted
a
tender
to
build
the
new
bridge
.
Our
company
submitted
a
tender
to
build
the
new
bridge
.
•
The
council
accepted
the
lowest
tender
.
The
council
accepted
the
lowest
tender
.
noun
-
tender
coins
and
banknotes
that
are
officially
accepted
as
payment
•
In
the
United
States
,
only
dollars
are
legal
tender
.
In
the
United
States
,
only
dollars
are
legal
tender
.
•
Foreign
coins
are
not
legal
tender
here
.
Foreign
coins
are
not
legal
tender
here
.
noun
a
small
boat
used
to
carry
people
or
supplies
to
and
from
a
larger
ship
•
The
cruise
passengers
boarded
a
tender
to
reach
the
island
.
The
cruise
passengers
boarded
a
tender
to
reach
the
island
.
•
The
yacht
keeps
a
motorized
tender
for
quick
trips
ashore
.
The
yacht
keeps
a
motorized
tender
for
quick
trips
ashore
.
verb
to
offer
something
formally
to
someone
,
especially
money
,
documents
,
or
a
resignation
•
She
tendered
her
resignation
to
the
board
yesterday
.
She
tendered
her
resignation
to
the
board
yesterday
.
•
The
buyer
tendered
payment
in
cash
.
The
buyer
tendered
payment
in
cash
.
defender
noun
a
person
who
protects
someone
or
something
from
harm
,
danger
,
or
criticism
•
The
little
boy
saw
himself
as
a
brave
defender
of
his
younger
sister
.
The
little
boy
saw
himself
as
a
brave
defender
of
his
younger
sister
.
•
Thick
stone
walls
and
watchtowers
were
crowded
with
armed
defenders
as
the
enemy
army
approached
the
medieval
castle
.
Thick
stone
walls
and
watchtowers
were
crowded
with
armed
defenders
as
the
enemy
army
approached
the
medieval
castle
.
From
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
defendre
“
to
defend
,
protect
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
dēfendere
“
to
ward
off
.”
noun
in
team
sports
,
a
player
whose
main
job
is
to
stop
the
other
team
from
scoring
•
The
soccer
team's
fastest
defender
blocked
every
shot
near
the
goal
.
The
soccer
team's
fastest
defender
blocked
every
shot
near
the
goal
.
•
During
practice
,
the
coach
taught
the
defenders
how
to
mark
their
opponents
closely
.
During
practice
,
the
coach
taught
the
defenders
how
to
mark
their
opponents
closely
.
Same
origin
as
general
sense
;
sports
usage
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
with
codified
team
games
like
soccer
and
hockey
.
attendance
noun
-
attendance
the
act
of
being
present
at
a
place
,
such
as
school
,
work
,
or
a
meeting
•
Regular
attendance
at
class
helps
students
learn
better
.
Regular
attendance
at
class
helps
students
learn
better
.
•
Because
of
her
perfect
attendance
,
Maria
received
a
certificate
.
Because
of
her
perfect
attendance
,
Maria
received
a
certificate
.
From
the
verb
attend
+
-ance
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
noun
the
number
of
people
who
go
to
an
event
,
such
as
a
concert
,
game
,
or
museum
•
The
football
match
had
a
record
attendance
of
60
,
000
fans
.
The
football
match
had
a
record
attendance
of
60
,
000
fans
.
•
Museum
attendance
drops
during
the
winter
months
.
Museum
attendance
drops
during
the
winter
months
.
noun
-
attendance
the
act
of
taking
care
of
or
waiting
on
someone
,
especially
in
a
formal
or
dated
context
•
The
patient
required
constant
attendance
from
the
nurse
.
The
patient
required
constant
attendance
from
the
nurse
.
•
The
king's
physician
was
always
in
attendance
.
The
king's
physician
was
always
in
attendance
.
offender
noun
a
person
who
commits
a
crime
or
breaks
the
law
•
The
offender
was
arrested
shortly
after
leaving
the
store
.
The
offender
was
arrested
shortly
after
leaving
the
store
.
•
First-time
offenders
often
receive
lighter
sentences
than
repeat
criminals
.
First-time
offenders
often
receive
lighter
sentences
than
repeat
criminals
.
From
offend
+
-er
,
recorded
in
English
since
the
15th
century
.
noun
someone
or
something
that
causes
trouble
,
annoyance
,
or
a
problem
•
When
the
computer
crashed
,
we
discovered
the
real
offender
was
a
loose
cable
.
When
the
computer
crashed
,
we
discovered
the
real
offender
was
a
loose
cable
.
•
In
his
messy
room
,
the
smelly
shoes
were
the
main
offender
.
In
his
messy
room
,
the
smelly
shoes
were
the
main
offender
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
since
the
19th
century
,
applying
the
idea
of
a
criminal
to
anything
causing
a
problem
.