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do
verb
-
do
,
doing
,
does
,
did
,
done
Used
with
another
verb
to
form
questions
,
make
negatives
,
or
add
emphasis
;
it
has
no
meaning
by
itself
.
•
Do
you
like
apples
?
Do
you
like
apples
?
•
I
do
not
understand
the
question
.
I
do
not
understand
the
question
.
verb
-
do
,
doing
,
does
,
did
,
done
To
perform
or
carry
out
an
action
,
job
,
or
task
.
•
They
do
their
chores
on
Saturday
morning
.
They
do
their
chores
on
Saturday
morning
.
•
Can
you
do
me
a
favor
and
close
the
window
?
Can
you
do
me
a
favor
and
close
the
window
?
noun
An
informal
party
or
social
event
.
•
Are
you
going
to
Jake's
birthday
do
tonight
?
Are
you
going
to
Jake's
birthday
do
tonight
?
•
The
office
is
having
a
big
Christmas
do
next
week
.
The
office
is
having
a
big
Christmas
do
next
week
.
down
adverb
from
a
higher
place
or
level
to
a
lower
one
•
The
cat
climbed
down
the
tall
oak
tree
with
care
.
The
cat
climbed
down
the
tall
oak
tree
with
care
.
•
Please
sit
down
and
wait
for
your
name
to
be
called
.
Please
sit
down
and
wait
for
your
name
to
be
called
.
Old
English
dūn
“
hill
,
downward
direction
,”
later
used
adverbially
for
motion
toward
lower
ground
.
adverb
toward
or
in
a
lower
place
,
position
,
or
level
•
The
cat
jumped
down
from
the
fence
.
The
cat
jumped
down
from
the
fence
.
•
Please
sit
down
and
relax
.
Please
sit
down
and
relax
.
preposition
along
or
to
the
end
of
something
long
,
narrow
,
or
vertical
•
They
walked
slowly
down
the
quiet
street
after
dinner
.
They
walked
slowly
down
the
quiet
street
after
dinner
.
•
The
river
flows
down
the
valley
toward
the
sea
.
The
river
flows
down
the
valley
toward
the
sea
.
preposition
along
;
to
or
at
a
lower
point
on
or
beside
something
•
They
walked
down
the
long
beach
at
sunset
.
They
walked
down
the
long
beach
at
sunset
.
•
The
store
is
just
down
the
street
.
The
store
is
just
down
the
street
.
adjective
sad
,
unhappy
,
or
lacking
energy
•
I
’
ve
been
feeling
down
since
yesterday
.
I
’
ve
been
feeling
down
since
yesterday
.
•
He
looked
down
after
losing
the
game
.
He
looked
down
after
losing
the
game
.
adjective
feeling
sad
,
depressed
,
or
without
energy
•
He
has
been
down
since
his
team
lost
the
final
.
He
has
been
down
since
his
team
lost
the
final
.
•
Whenever
I'm
down
,
a
walk
in
the
park
cheers
me
up
.
Whenever
I'm
down
,
a
walk
in
the
park
cheers
me
up
.
adjective
not
operating
,
available
,
or
working
,
especially
about
machines
,
services
,
or
systems
•
The
website
is
down
for
maintenance
until
midnight
.
The
website
is
down
for
maintenance
until
midnight
.
•
During
the
storm
,
the
power
lines
went
down
across
the
region
.
During
the
storm
,
the
power
lines
went
down
across
the
region
.
noun
very
soft
fine
feathers
that
cover
young
birds
or
lie
beneath
the
tougher
outer
feathers
of
adult
birds
•
A
layer
of
down
keeps
ducklings
warm
in
cold
water
.
A
layer
of
down
keeps
ducklings
warm
in
cold
water
.
•
My
winter
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
.
My
winter
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
.
From
Old
Norse
dúnn
"
down
,
feather
";
related
to
German
Daune
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
fall
to
the
ground
;
to
knock
over
•
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
with
a
powerful
left
hook
.
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
with
a
powerful
left
hook
.
•
A
sudden
gust
of
wind
downed
several
trees
along
the
road
.
A
sudden
gust
of
wind
downed
several
trees
along
the
road
.
verb
to
drink
something
quickly
,
especially
all
at
once
•
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
his
run
.
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
his
run
.
•
She
downed
her
coffee
and
rushed
out
the
door
.
She
downed
her
coffee
and
rushed
out
the
door
.
adjective
not
working
or
available
,
especially
about
machines
or
services
•
The
website
is
down
right
now
.
The
website
is
down
right
now
.
•
Our
printer
was
down
for
two
hours
.
Our
printer
was
down
for
two
hours
.
noun
-
down
the
very
soft
,
fine
feathers
found
under
the
tougher
outer
feathers
of
birds
,
used
as
a
filling
for
pillows
,
jackets
,
and
similar
items
•
The
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
to
keep
you
warm
.
The
jacket
is
filled
with
goose
down
to
keep
you
warm
.
•
Baby
ducks
are
covered
in
soft
down
.
Baby
ducks
are
covered
in
soft
down
.
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
fall
or
collapse
to
the
ground
•
The
strong
wind
downed
a
large
tree
.
The
strong
wind
downed
a
large
tree
.
•
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
in
the
first
round
.
The
boxer
downed
his
opponent
in
the
first
round
.
verb
to
drink
or
eat
something
quickly
,
often
in
one
continuous
action
•
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
the
run
.
He
downed
a
glass
of
water
after
the
run
.
•
She
downed
her
coffee
before
the
meeting
.
She
downed
her
coffee
before
the
meeting
.
door
noun
a
solid
or
framed
panel
that
swings
,
slides
,
or
lifts
to
open
or
close
the
entrance
to
a
room
,
building
,
vehicle
,
or
container
•
He
knocked
on
the
wooden
door
before
entering
the
classroom
.
He
knocked
on
the
wooden
door
before
entering
the
classroom
.
•
Please
close
the
door
;
it's
getting
cold
outside
.
Please
close
the
door
;
it's
getting
cold
outside
.
Old
English
“
dor
,
duru
”
meaning
“
door
,
gate
,
opening
,”
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
“
deur
”
and
German
“
Tür
”.
noun
a
chance
or
means
of
entering
a
new
situation
,
position
,
or
level
of
success
•
Learning
English
opened
the
door
to
many
career
opportunities
for
her
.
Learning
English
opened
the
door
to
many
career
opportunities
for
her
.
•
The
scholarship
is
his
door
into
a
top
university
.
The
scholarship
is
his
door
into
a
top
university
.
doctor
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
treat
sick
or
injured
people
•
The
doctor
listened
to
my
heartbeat
with
a
stethoscope
.
The
doctor
listened
to
my
heartbeat
with
a
stethoscope
.
•
If
you
feel
dizzy
,
you
should
see
a
doctor
as
soon
as
possible
.
If
you
feel
dizzy
,
you
should
see
a
doctor
as
soon
as
possible
.
From
Latin
‘
doctor
’
meaning
‘
teacher
’,
originally
one
who
is
qualified
to
teach
,
later
used
for
medical
practitioners
.
noun
someone
who
has
earned
the
highest
university
degree
in
a
particular
subject
•
After
years
of
research
,
Maria
finally
became
a
doctor
of
physics
.
After
years
of
research
,
Maria
finally
became
a
doctor
of
physics
.
•
The
professor
is
a
doctor
in
medieval
history
.
The
professor
is
a
doctor
in
medieval
history
.
Extension
of
the
Latin
sense
‘
teacher
’
to
anyone
awarded
the
highest
academic
degree
by
a
university
.
verb
to
give
medical
treatment
to
a
person
or
an
animal
•
Paramedics
doctored
the
injured
cyclist
until
the
ambulance
arrived
.
Paramedics
doctored
the
injured
cyclist
until
the
ambulance
arrived
.
•
She
gently
doctored
the
kitten
’
s
paw
with
antiseptic
cream
.
She
gently
doctored
the
kitten
’
s
paw
with
antiseptic
cream
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
‘
doctor
’
meaning
a
medical
practitioner
.
verb
to
change
something
in
order
to
deceive
people
or
to
make
it
seem
better
than
it
really
is
•
The
journalist
noticed
that
someone
had
doctored
the
financial
records
.
The
journalist
noticed
that
someone
had
doctored
the
financial
records
.
•
He
was
fired
for
doctoring
the
results
of
the
experiment
.
He
was
fired
for
doctoring
the
results
of
the
experiment
.
Figurative
use
from
the
idea
of
a
doctor
‘
improving
’
or
‘
fixing
’
something
,
later
taking
on
a
sense
of
dishonest
alteration
.
dog
noun
a
domesticated
animal
with
four
legs
,
a
tail
,
and
a
loud
bark
,
often
kept
as
a
pet
,
for
guarding
,
or
for
helping
people
•
The
family
adopted
a
playful
dog
from
the
shelter
.
The
family
adopted
a
playful
dog
from
the
shelter
.
•
Every
morning
,
Mia
takes
her
dog
for
a
walk
in
the
park
.
Every
morning
,
Mia
takes
her
dog
for
a
walk
in
the
park
.
Old
English
‘
docga
’,
a
powerful
breed
of
dog
;
origin
uncertain
,
but
the
word
replaced
the
earlier
‘
hund
’
in
everyday
speech
.
verb
-
dog
,
dogging
,
dogs
,
dogged
to
follow
someone
or
something
closely
and
continually
,
especially
in
an
annoying
or
worrying
way
•
Paparazzi
often
dog
celebrities
wherever
they
go
.
Paparazzi
often
dog
celebrities
wherever
they
go
.
•
Doubts
have
dogged
her
throughout
the
project
.
Doubts
have
dogged
her
throughout
the
project
.
Derived
from
the
noun
‘
dog
’;
first
used
in
Middle
English
to
mean
‘
hunt
with
dogs
’,
later
generalized
to
’
follow
closely
’.
window
noun
a
hole
in
the
wall
,
roof
,
or
side
of
a
vehicle
that
is
usually
filled
with
glass
and
lets
in
light
and
air
while
allowing
people
to
look
out
•
It
was
stuffy
in
the
room
,
so
Mia
opened
the
window
to
let
fresh
air
in
.
It
was
stuffy
in
the
room
,
so
Mia
opened
the
window
to
let
fresh
air
in
.
•
Raindrops
tapped
against
the
classroom
window
during
the
math
lesson
.
Raindrops
tapped
against
the
classroom
window
during
the
math
lesson
.
Old
English
‘
wind-ēage
’
literally
‘
wind
eye
’,
referring
to
an
opening
for
air
and
light
.
noun
a
rectangular
area
on
a
computer
,
tablet
,
or
phone
screen
that
shows
the
contents
of
a
program
,
file
,
or
webpage
separately
from
other
areas
•
Lena
dragged
the
photo
into
a
new
window
to
edit
it
.
Lena
dragged
the
photo
into
a
new
window
to
edit
it
.
•
Too
many
windows
were
open
,
so
the
laptop
began
to
slow
down
.
Too
many
windows
were
open
,
so
the
laptop
began
to
slow
down
.
Sense
extended
in
the
1980s
from
the
physical
‘
window
’
to
the
framed
area
on
a
screen
.
noun
a
clear
plastic
opening
in
an
envelope
or
package
that
lets
you
see
the
address
or
contents
inside
•
The
address
showed
through
the
window
of
the
envelope
,
so
no
label
was
needed
.
The
address
showed
through
the
window
of
the
envelope
,
so
no
label
was
needed
.
•
He
peeked
at
the
paycheck
amount
through
the
little
window
before
opening
the
envelope
.
He
peeked
at
the
paycheck
amount
through
the
little
window
before
opening
the
envelope
.
Adopted
in
the
early
20th
century
when
envelopes
with
transparent
film
became
common
for
mail
sorting
machines
.
noun
a
limited
period
of
time
when
something
can
happen
or
be
done
•
There
was
only
a
small
window
to
catch
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
There
was
only
a
small
window
to
catch
the
train
before
the
doors
closed
.
•
Doctors
have
a
critical
window
of
time
to
treat
a
stroke
patient
.
Doctors
have
a
critical
window
of
time
to
treat
a
stroke
patient
.
Metaphoric
use
recorded
since
the
15th
century
,
comparing
a
chance
to
an
opening
that
lets
something
pass
through
.
dollar
noun
the
basic
unit
of
money
in
the
United
States
and
several
other
countries
,
equal
to
100
cents
•
One
dollar
equals
one
hundred
cents
.
One
dollar
equals
one
hundred
cents
.
•
She
exchanged
her
euros
for
fifty
dollars
at
the
airport
.
She
exchanged
her
euros
for
fifty
dollars
at
the
airport
.
Early
16th
century
:
from
Low
German
‘
daler
’,
abbreviated
form
of
‘
Joachimstaler
’,
the
name
of
a
silver
coin
first
minted
in
Joachimstal
(
Jáchymov
in
the
Czech
Republic
).
noun
a
coin
or
paper
note
that
has
the
value
of
one
dollar
•
He
tucked
a
silver
dollar
into
the
tip
jar
.
He
tucked
a
silver
dollar
into
the
tip
jar
.
•
The
child
proudly
showed
her
shiny
new
dollar
.
The
child
proudly
showed
her
shiny
new
dollar
.
noun
(
informal
)
money
in
general
,
especially
large
amounts
•
There
’
s
big
dollar
in
renewable
energy
these
days
.
There
’
s
big
dollar
in
renewable
energy
these
days
.
•
They
spent
serious
dollar
renovating
their
kitchen
.
They
spent
serious
dollar
renovating
their
kitchen
.
freedom
noun
-
freedom
the
power
or
right
to
think
,
speak
,
or
act
as
you
wish
without
control
or
limits
•
In
a
democracy
,
people
value
their
freedom
to
vote
for
their
leaders
.
In
a
democracy
,
people
value
their
freedom
to
vote
for
their
leaders
.
•
She
loved
the
freedom
of
choosing
her
own
clothes
each
morning
.
She
loved
the
freedom
of
choosing
her
own
clothes
each
morning
.
Old
English
frēodōm
,
from
frēo
‘
free
’
+
-dom
‘
state
,
condition
’.
document
noun
a
piece
of
written
,
printed
,
or
digital
material
that
gives
information
or
serves
as
an
official
record
•
Please
bring
your
passport
and
the
document
that
proves
your
address
.
Please
bring
your
passport
and
the
document
that
proves
your
address
.
•
He
saved
the
report
as
a
PDF
document
on
his
laptop
.
He
saved
the
report
as
a
PDF
document
on
his
laptop
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
documentum
‘
lesson
,
proof
,
example
’,
from
docere
‘
to
teach
’.
verb
-
document
,
documenting
,
documents
,
documented
to
record
information
about
something
by
writing
,
photographing
,
or
collecting
evidence
•
Scientists
documented
the
bird
’
s
migration
patterns
over
ten
years
.
Scientists
documented
the
bird
’
s
migration
patterns
over
ten
years
.
•
Use
your
phone
to
document
any
damage
before
you
move
in
.
Use
your
phone
to
document
any
damage
before
you
move
in
.
From
the
noun
‘
document
’;
earliest
verbal
use
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
adopt
verb
to
become
the
legal
parent
of
a
child
who
was
born
to
someone
else
•
After
years
of
paperwork
,
the
couple
finally
adopted
a
baby
girl
from
China
.
After
years
of
paperwork
,
the
couple
finally
adopted
a
baby
girl
from
China
.
•
Maria
burst
into
tears
of
joy
when
her
foster
parents
decided
to
adopt
her
on
her
tenth
birthday
.
Maria
burst
into
tears
of
joy
when
her
foster
parents
decided
to
adopt
her
on
her
tenth
birthday
.
from
Latin
adoptare
“
to
choose
for
oneself
,
take
as
one
’
s
child
,”
from
ad-
“
to
”
+
optare
“
choose
”
domestic
adjective
connected
with
the
home
,
household
duties
,
or
family
life
•
The
company
sells
a
range
of
domestic
appliances
like
washing
machines
and
refrigerators
.
The
company
sells
a
range
of
domestic
appliances
like
washing
machines
and
refrigerators
.
•
After
a
long
trip
abroad
,
he
missed
the
comfort
of
domestic
life
.
After
a
long
trip
abroad
,
he
missed
the
comfort
of
domestic
life
.
adjective
existing
or
happening
inside
one
’
s
own
country
;
not
foreign
•
Our
airline
offers
cheap
domestic
flights
between
Sydney
and
Melbourne
.
Our
airline
offers
cheap
domestic
flights
between
Sydney
and
Melbourne
.
•
The
singer
became
famous
in
domestic
markets
before
touring
overseas
.
The
singer
became
famous
in
domestic
markets
before
touring
overseas
.
adjective
(
of
animals
)
tamed
and
kept
by
people
,
not
wild
•
Cows
are
domestic
animals
that
provide
us
with
milk
.
Cows
are
domestic
animals
that
provide
us
with
milk
.
•
Unlike
wolves
,
dogs
have
been
fully
domestic
for
thousands
of
years
.
Unlike
wolves
,
dogs
have
been
fully
domestic
for
thousands
of
years
.
noun
a
person
,
usually
employed
in
a
large
house
,
whose
job
is
to
do
cleaning
,
cooking
,
and
other
household
work
•
The
wealthy
household
employed
a
new
domestic
to
keep
the
rooms
tidy
.
The
wealthy
household
employed
a
new
domestic
to
keep
the
rooms
tidy
.
•
During
the
19th
century
,
many
domestics
lived
in
the
attics
of
grand
houses
.
During
the
19th
century
,
many
domestics
lived
in
the
attics
of
grand
houses
.
shadow
noun
the
dark
shape
on
a
surface
that
is
made
when
something
blocks
light
•
The
dog
chased
its
own
shadow
across
the
yard
.
The
dog
chased
its
own
shadow
across
the
yard
.
•
She
stood
under
a
streetlamp
,
and
her
long
shadow
stretched
far
down
the
empty
road
.
She
stood
under
a
streetlamp
,
and
her
long
shadow
stretched
far
down
the
empty
road
.
Old
English
"
sceadu
"
meaning
“
shade
,
darkness
”
later
evolved
into
"
shadow
".
noun
an
area
of
darkness
where
light
does
not
reach
•
They
rested
in
the
cool
shadow
of
the
ancient
oak
tree
.
They
rested
in
the
cool
shadow
of
the
ancient
oak
tree
.
•
The
mountain
village
lay
in
deep
shadow
until
the
sun
climbed
higher
.
The
mountain
village
lay
in
deep
shadow
until
the
sun
climbed
higher
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
closely
follows
someone
everywhere
•
His
little
brother
was
his
constant
shadow
,
copying
everything
he
did
.
His
little
brother
was
his
constant
shadow
,
copying
everything
he
did
.
•
The
detective
blended
with
the
crowd
,
acting
as
a
silent
shadow
.
The
detective
blended
with
the
crowd
,
acting
as
a
silent
shadow
.
noun
a
bad
feeling
or
event
that
makes
something
less
happy
or
bright
•
News
of
the
accident
cast
a
shadow
over
the
celebration
.
News
of
the
accident
cast
a
shadow
over
the
celebration
.
•
The
memory
of
the
war
still
hangs
like
a
shadow
on
the
town
.
The
memory
of
the
war
still
hangs
like
a
shadow
on
the
town
.
noun
a
very
small
amount
or
trace
of
something
,
especially
doubt
,
fear
,
or
hope
•
There
wasn
’
t
a
shadow
of
doubt
about
her
honesty
.
There
wasn
’
t
a
shadow
of
doubt
about
her
honesty
.
•
He
crossed
the
finish
line
without
a
shadow
of
strength
left
.
He
crossed
the
finish
line
without
a
shadow
of
strength
left
.
verb
to
follow
someone
secretly
in
order
to
watch
what
they
do
•
A
private
detective
shadowed
the
suspect
through
the
busy
market
.
A
private
detective
shadowed
the
suspect
through
the
busy
market
.
•
Spies
shadow
foreign
diplomats
during
high-level
meetings
.
Spies
shadow
foreign
diplomats
during
high-level
meetings
.
verb
to
stay
close
to
someone
at
work
to
learn
how
they
do
their
job
•
New
employees
first
shadow
an
experienced
worker
.
New
employees
first
shadow
an
experienced
worker
.
•
The
medical
student
shadowed
the
surgeon
during
a
heart
operation
.
The
medical
student
shadowed
the
surgeon
during
a
heart
operation
.
verb
to
make
an
area
or
object
slightly
dark
by
blocking
light
•
Thick
clouds
shadowed
the
valley
all
morning
.
Thick
clouds
shadowed
the
valley
all
morning
.
•
The
tall
skyscraper
shadows
the
small
park
every
afternoon
.
The
tall
skyscraper
shadows
the
small
park
every
afternoon
.
doubt
noun
-
doubt
a
feeling
of
uncertainty
or
lack
of
belief
about
something
•
Despite
the
heavy
rain
,
the
coach
had
no
doubt
that
the
game
would
go
on
.
Despite
the
heavy
rain
,
the
coach
had
no
doubt
that
the
game
would
go
on
.
•
Years
of
practice
removed
any
doubt
from
his
mind
before
the
performance
.
Years
of
practice
removed
any
doubt
from
his
mind
before
the
performance
.
From
Old
French
doute
,
from
Latin
dubitum
“
uncertainty
,
question
”,
from
dubitāre
“
to
hesitate
,
to
be
uncertain
”.
noun
a
specific
question
or
concern
about
whether
something
is
true
,
right
,
or
will
happen
•
If
you
have
any
doubts
,
please
raise
your
hand
now
.
If
you
have
any
doubts
,
please
raise
your
hand
now
.
•
After
reading
the
contract
,
he
still
had
several
doubts
about
the
new
job
.
After
reading
the
contract
,
he
still
had
several
doubts
about
the
new
job
.
verb
to
feel
uncertain
about
or
not
believe
something
•
I
doubt
he
will
arrive
on
time
during
rush
hour
.
I
doubt
he
will
arrive
on
time
during
rush
hour
.
•
She
doubted
the
story
because
it
sounded
too
good
to
be
true
.
She
doubted
the
story
because
it
sounded
too
good
to
be
true
.
noun
uncertainty
or
lack
of
belief
about
something
•
There
is
still
some
doubt
about
the
cause
of
the
fire
.
There
is
still
some
doubt
about
the
cause
of
the
fire
.
•
Without a shadow of doubt
,
this
is
the
best
pizza
in
town
.
Without a shadow of doubt
,
this
is
the
best
pizza
in
town
.
Middle
English
doute
,
from
Old
French
doute
,
from
Latin
dubitum
"
a
question
,
uncertainty
",
from
dubitāre
"
to
hesitate
,
doubt
".
verb
to
feel
uncertain
about
something
or
believe
that
it
may
not
be
true
or
likely
•
I
doubt
we
will
finish
the
project
on
time
.
I
doubt
we
will
finish
the
project
on
time
.
•
When
she
saw
the
clear
evidence
,
she
no
longer
doubted
his
story
.
When
she
saw
the
clear
evidence
,
she
no
longer
doubted
his
story
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Latin
dubitāre
"
to
hesitate
"
via
Old
French
douter
.
double
adjective
-
double
,
doubling
,
doubles
,
doubled
twice
as
large
,
many
,
or
much
as
the
usual
amount
.
•
He
ordered
a
double
cheeseburger
because
he
was
very
hungry
.
He
ordered
a
double
cheeseburger
because
he
was
very
hungry
.
•
During
the
sale
,
the
store
offered
double
points
on
every
purchase
.
During
the
sale
,
the
store
offered
double
points
on
every
purchase
.
verb
-
double
,
doubling
,
doubles
,
doubled
to
make
something
become
twice
as
big
,
many
,
or
much
,
or
to
become
twice
that
amount
.
•
The
company
doubled
its
profits
in
just
one
year
.
The
company
doubled
its
profits
in
just
one
year
.
•
Attendance
at
the
festival
has
doubled
since
last
summer
.
Attendance
at
the
festival
has
doubled
since
last
summer
.
adverb
to
twice
the
usual
amount
or
degree
.
•
On
holidays
,
taxi
fares
cost
double
.
On
holidays
,
taxi
fares
cost
double
.
•
She
works
double
to
finish
projects
before
vacation
.
She
works
double
to
finish
projects
before
vacation
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
looks
exactly
like
another
.
•
The
actress
thanked
her
stunt
double
after
the
dangerous
scene
.
The
actress
thanked
her
stunt
double
after
the
dangerous
scene
.
•
People
say
I
am
my
cousin
’
s
double
because
we
look
so
alike
.
People
say
I
am
my
cousin
’
s
double
because
we
look
so
alike
.
noun
a
serving
that
is
twice
the
standard
measure
,
especially
of
an
alcoholic
drink
.
•
He
ordered
a
double
of
whiskey
to
warm
up
.
He
ordered
a
double
of
whiskey
to
warm
up
.
•
Could
I
have
a
double
espresso
,
please
?
Could
I
have
a
double
espresso
,
please
?
dozen
noun
a
group
or
set
of
twelve
things
or
people
•
She
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
her
mother
.
She
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
her
mother
.
•
We
need
two
dozen
eggs
for
the
cake
sale
.
We
need
two
dozen
eggs
for
the
cake
sale
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
dozaine
” (
a
group
of
twelve
),
from
“
douze
”
meaning
twelve
,
ultimately
from
Latin
“
duodecim
”.
noun
a
group
of
twelve
things
or
people
considered
as
a
single
unit
•
He
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
his
mother
.
He
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
his
mother
.
•
The
baker
set
a
fresh
dozen
muffins
on
the
wooden
display
tray
.
The
baker
set
a
fresh
dozen
muffins
on
the
wooden
display
tray
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
dozaine
",
from
"
douze
"
meaning
"
twelve
".
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
mean
exactly
twelve
•
She
ordered
a
dozen
doughnuts
for
the
office
breakfast
.
She
ordered
a
dozen
doughnuts
for
the
office
breakfast
.
•
I
packed
a
dozen
cookies
into
the
picnic
basket
.
I
packed
a
dozen
cookies
into
the
picnic
basket
.
noun
(
usually
in
the
plural
“
dozens
of
”)
a
large
but
not
exact
number
of
things
or
people
•
Dozens
of
tourists
crowded
the
narrow
street
.
Dozens
of
tourists
crowded
the
narrow
street
.
•
She
has
answered
the
same
question
dozens
of
times
.
She
has
answered
the
same
question
dozens
of
times
.
Same
historical
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
the
plural
form
began
to
be
used
figuratively
for
any
large
number
.
noun
a
large
number
of
people
or
things
,
much
more
than
twelve
,
especially
used
in
the
phrase
“
dozens
of
”
•
Dozens
of
candles
lit
up
the
old
church
during
the
ceremony
.
Dozens of
candles
lit
up
the
old
church
during
the
ceremony
.
•
Reporters
asked
him
dozens
of
questions
after
the
match
.
Reporters
asked
him
dozens of
questions
after
the
match
.
abandon
verb
-
abandon
to
leave
a
person
,
animal
,
or
place
forever
,
especially
when
they
still
need
you
•
During
the
storm
,
the
sailors
had
to
abandon
the
sinking
ship
.
During
the
storm
,
the
sailors
had
to
abandon
the
sinking
ship
.
•
The
frightened
kitten
was
abandoned
outside
the
animal
shelter
overnight
.
The
frightened
kitten
was
abandoned
outside
the
animal
shelter
overnight
.
dominate
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
have
power
and
control
over
someone
or
something
•
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
•
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
from
Latin
dominari
“
to
rule
,
govern
,”
from
dominus
“
master
.”
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
be
the
most
noticeable
or
important
feature
of
something
•
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
café
.
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
café
.
•
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
rise
high
above
and
seem
to
rule
the
area
around
•
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
•
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
play
or
compete
much
better
than
an
opponent
,
winning
easily
•
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
•
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
wisdom
noun
-
wisdom
the
ability
to
make
good
decisions
and
give
sound
advice
because
of
knowledge
and
experience
•
Grandma
always
shares
her
wisdom
when
I
face
tough
choices
.
Grandma
always
shares
her
wisdom
when
I
face
tough
choices
.
•
After
traveling
the
world
,
he
felt
he
had
gained
enough
wisdom
to
write
a
book
.
After
traveling
the
world
,
he
felt
he
had
gained
enough
wisdom
to
write
a
book
.
Old
English
wīsdōm
,
from
wīs
(
wise
)
+
-dōm
(
state
or
condition
).
noun
-
wisdom
the
traditional
knowledge
,
sayings
,
or
teachings
that
groups
of
people
have
collected
over
time
•
Many
proverbs
preserve
the
ancient
wisdom
of
farmers
about
the
weather
.
Many
proverbs
preserve
the
ancient
wisdom
of
farmers
about
the
weather
.
•
The
museum
exhibition
showcases
the
medical
wisdom
of
medieval
healers
.
The
museum
exhibition
showcases
the
medical
wisdom
of
medieval
healers
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
–
Old
English
wīsdōm
,
later
broadened
to
collective
traditional
knowledge
.
domain
noun
a
particular
field
of
activity
,
knowledge
,
or
interest
•
The
new
software
engineer
quickly
adapted
to
the
cybersecurity
domain
.
The
new
software
engineer
quickly
adapted
to
the
cybersecurity
domain
.
•
Though
I
studied
biology
,
economics
is
outside
my
domain
of
expertise
.
Though
I
studied
biology
,
economics
is
outside
my
domain
of
expertise
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Old
French
domaine
“
lord
’
s
estate
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
dominium
“
ownership
,
property
.”
noun
land
or
property
that
someone
owns
or
controls
•
The
vast
forest
became
part
of
the
king
’
s
domain
after
the
treaty
.
The
vast
forest
became
part
of
the
king
’
s
domain
after
the
treaty
.
•
The
estate
agent
showed
us
every
corner
of
the
noble
family
’
s
domain
.
The
estate
agent
showed
us
every
corner
of
the
noble
family
’
s
domain
.
noun
a
unique
address
on
the
internet
that
identifies
a
website
or
email
destination
•
We
bought
a
short
domain
to
make
the
website
easier
to
remember
.
We
bought
a
short
domain
to
make
the
website
easier
to
remember
.
•
The
company
’
s
email
addresses
all
share
the
same
domain
.
The
company
’
s
email
addresses
all
share
the
same
domain
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
complete
set
of
possible
input
values
for
which
a
function
is
defined
•
For
the
function
f
(
x
)
=√x
,
the
domain
includes
all
non-negative
real
numbers
.
For
the
function
f
(
x
)
=√x
,
the
domain
includes
all
non-negative
real
numbers
.
•
You
must
state
the
domain
before
graphing
the
equation
.
You
must
state
the
domain
before
graphing
the
equation
.
random
adjective
without
any
plan
,
order
,
or
pattern
;
happening
or
chosen
by
chance
•
The
teacher
picked
a
random
student
to
answer
the
question
.
The
teacher
picked
a
random
student
to
answer
the
question
.
•
We
chose
a
random
number
between
one
and
ten
.
We
chose
a
random
number
between
one
and
ten
.
From
Middle
French
random
“
speed
,
rush
,”
from
Old
French
randon
“
force
,
impetuosity
,”
of
Germanic
origin
related
to
“
run
.”
adjective
strange
or
unexpected
,
with
no
clear
connection
to
what
is
happening
•
It
was
so
random
when
it
started
snowing
in
July
.
It
was
so
random
when
it
started
snowing
in
July
.
•
A
random
dog
followed
me
all
the
way
home
.
A
random
dog
followed
me
all
the
way
home
.
noun
a
person
who
is
not
known
or
not
part
of
a
group
•
A
random
bumped
into
me
and
asked
for
directions
.
A
random
bumped
into
me
and
asked
for
directions
.
•
We
don't
let
randoms
into
the
private
chat
.
We
don't
let
randoms
into
the
private
chat
.
ambassador
noun
a
high-ranking
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
speak
on
its
behalf
•
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
The
new
ambassador
presented
her
credentials
to
the
king
during
a
grand
ceremony
.
•
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
During
the
crisis
,
the
ambassador
worked
day
and
night
to
protect
citizens
living
abroad
.
From
Middle
French
ambassadeur
,
from
Italian
ambasciatore
,
ultimately
from
Medieval
Latin
ambactia
meaning
‘
service
’
or
‘
mission
’.
noun
a
person
who
publicly
represents
,
supports
,
or
promotes
a
particular
organization
,
cause
,
city
,
or
brand
•
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
The
famous
singer
became
a
UNICEF
goodwill
ambassador
to
raise
awareness
about
clean
water
.
•
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
As
a
brand
ambassador
,
he
posts
daily
videos
highlighting
the
company
’
s
eco-friendly
products
.
The
modern
promotional
sense
developed
metaphorically
from
the
diplomatic
sense
,
extending
the
idea
of
formal
representation
to
brands
and
causes
.
doctrine
noun
a
belief
or
collection
of
beliefs
taught
and
accepted
as
true
by
a
church
,
political
party
,
school
of
thought
,
or
other
organized
group
•
The
theology
students
memorized
each
core
doctrine
before
the
final
exam
.
The
theology
students
memorized
each
core
doctrine
before
the
final
exam
.
•
Her
commitment
to
the
doctrine
of
non-violence
inspired
many
protesters
.
Her
commitment
to
the
doctrine
of
non-violence
inspired
many
protesters
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
doctrina
“
teaching
,
learning
,”
from
doctor
“
teacher
.”
noun
an
official
principle
or
policy
that
guides
the
actions
of
a
government
,
military
,
or
organization
•
The
general
explained
that
the
new
defense
doctrine
focuses
on
cybersecurity
.
The
general
explained
that
the
new
defense
doctrine
focuses
on
cybersecurity
.
•
Scholars
still
debate
how
the
Monroe
Doctrine
shaped
U
.
S
.
foreign
policy
.
Scholars
still
debate
how
the
Monroe
Doctrine
shaped
U
.
S
.
foreign
policy
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
doctrina
“
teaching
,
learning
,”
later
extended
to
mean
an
established
principle
guiding
action
.
tremendous
adjective
extremely
large
,
powerful
,
or
intense
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
.
•
The
company
made
a
tremendous
profit
last
year
.
The
company
made
a
tremendous
profit
last
year
.
•
The
earthquake
caused
tremendous
damage
to
the
city
.
The
earthquake
caused
tremendous
damage
to
the
city
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
tremendus
‘
to
be
trembled
at
’,
from
tremere
‘
to
tremble
’.
adjective
excellent
,
very
good
,
or
extremely
enjoyable
.
•
You
did
a
tremendous
job
on
your
presentation
.
You
did
a
tremendous
job
on
your
presentation
.
•
We
had
a
tremendous
time
at
the
festival
.
We
had
a
tremendous
time
at
the
festival
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
tremendus
‘
to
be
trembled
at
’,
shifting
over
time
to
mean
‘
remarkably
great
’
or
‘
excellent
’.
downtown
noun
the
main
business
,
shopping
,
and
entertainment
part
of
a
city
,
usually
near
its
center
•
On
Saturday
,
we
took
the
train
to
downtown
for
brunch
.
On
Saturday
,
we
took
the
train
to
downtown
for
brunch
.
•
The
city's
downtown
is
filled
with
historic
theaters
and
cafes
.
The
city's
downtown
is
filled
with
historic
theaters
and
cafes
.
Formed
in
19th-century
American
English
from
down
+
town
,
originally
referring
to
the
lower
part
of
Manhattan
where
business
took
place
.
adverb
in
or
toward
the
main
business
,
shopping
,
and
entertainment
area
of
a
city
•
Let's
go
downtown
and
see
a
movie
.
Let's
go
downtown
and
see
a
movie
.
•
She
works
on
the
edge
of
the
city
but
lives
downtown
.
She
works
on
the
edge
of
the
city
but
lives
downtown
.
adjective
located
in
or
related
to
the
main
business
,
shopping
,
and
entertainment
area
of
a
city
•
They
opened
a
downtown
bookstore
in
an
old
warehouse
.
They
opened
a
downtown
bookstore
in
an
old
warehouse
.
•
Parking
fees
at
downtown
garages
can
be
expensive
.
Parking
fees
at
downtown
garages
can
be
expensive
.
donation
noun
something
,
especially
money
or
goods
,
that
you
willingly
give
to
help
a
person
,
group
,
or
cause
•
Many
people
make
a
small
donation
to
the
food
bank
every
month
.
Many
people
make
a
small
donation
to
the
food
bank
every
month
.
•
The
museum
survives
thanks
to
a
generous
donation
from
local
businesses
.
The
museum
survives
thanks
to
a
generous
donation
from
local
businesses
.
Early
15th
century
:
from
Latin
dōnātiō
,
dōnātiōnem
‘
a
giving
’ (
from
the
verb
dōnāre
‘
to
give
as
a
gift
’).
noun
the
act
of
giving
blood
,
organs
,
or
other
body
tissue
so
they
can
be
used
to
treat
someone
else
•
After
giving
a
blood
donation
,
he
enjoyed
a
snack
and
some
juice
at
the
clinic
.
After
giving
a
blood
donation
,
he
enjoyed
a
snack
and
some
juice
at
the
clinic
.
•
Her
kidney
donation
saved
her
brother's
life
.
Her
kidney
donation
saved
her
brother's
life
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
from
Latin
dōnātiō
‘
a
giving
’.
The
medical
meaning
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
with
advances
in
transfusion
and
transplantation
.
touchdown
noun
In
American
football
and
some
similar
sports
,
a
score
made
when
a
player
carries
the
ball
into
or
catches
it
in
the
opponents'
end
zone
.
•
With
only
seconds
remaining
,
the
quarterback
dived
across
the
line
for
the
winning
touchdown
.
With
only
seconds
remaining
,
the
quarterback
dived
across
the
line
for
the
winning
touchdown
.
•
The
crowd
erupted
when
the
rookie
wide
receiver
caught
his
first
professional
touchdown
.
The
crowd
erupted
when
the
rookie
wide
receiver
caught
his
first
professional
touchdown
.
Formed
from
the
verb
phrase
“
touch
down
,”
originally
used
in
rugby
in
the
late
19th
century
for
grounding
the
ball
behind
the
goal
line
,
later
adopted
by
American
football
.
noun
The
moment
when
an
aircraft
,
spacecraft
,
or
other
vehicle
first
makes
contact
with
the
ground
or
another
surface
at
the
end
of
a
flight
.
•
The
passengers
applauded
after
the
plane
made
a
smooth
touchdown
on
the
wet
runway
.
The
passengers
applauded
after
the
plane
made
a
smooth
touchdown
on
the
wet
runway
.
•
Mission
control
cheered
as
the
lunar
module
achieved
a
successful
touchdown
on
the
Moon's
surface
.
Mission
control
cheered
as
the
lunar
module
achieved
a
successful
touchdown
on
the
Moon's
surface
.
Extension
of
the
sports
term
,
first
recorded
in
aviation
around
1918
to
describe
wheels
meeting
the
runway
,
later
used
for
spacecraft
landings
.
donor
noun
a
person
who
freely
gives
money
,
goods
,
or
other
help
to
an
individual
,
group
,
or
cause
•
The
museum
thanked
every
donor
who
contributed
to
the
new
art
wing
.
The
museum
thanked
every
donor
who
contributed
to
the
new
art
wing
.
•
A
single
generous
donor
paid
for
the
village
’
s
clean-water
well
.
A
single
generous
donor
paid
for
the
village
’
s
clean-water
well
.
From
Latin
‘
donator
’
meaning
‘
giver
’,
from
‘
donare
’ “
to
give
”.
noun
a
person
who
gives
part
of
their
body
,
blood
,
or
other
biological
material
to
help
someone
else
•
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
survived
thanks
to
a
liver
donor
.
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
survived
thanks
to
a
liver
donor
.
•
Blood
banks
encourage
regular
donors
to
give
every
eight
weeks
.
Blood
banks
encourage
regular
donors
to
give
every
eight
weeks
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
specialized
medical
use
emerged
in
the
20th
century
.
noun
in
science
,
an
atom
,
molecule
,
or
material
that
gives
electrons
,
protons
,
or
energy
to
another
•
In
a
semiconductor
,
a
phosphorus
atom
acts
as
an
electron
donor
.
In
a
semiconductor
,
a
phosphorus
atom
acts
as
an
electron
donor
.
•
Hydrogen
chloride
is
a
proton
donor
in
acid–base
reactions
.
Hydrogen
chloride
is
a
proton
donor
in
acid–base
reactions
.
Technical
sense
extended
from
the
general
meaning
of
“
giver
”
to
particles
and
molecules
in
the
late
19th
century
.
doc
noun
an
informal
word
for
a
medical
doctor
•
I
think
I
caught
a
cold
,
doc
,
can
you
give
me
something
for
it
?
I
think
I
caught
a
cold
,
doc
,
can
you
give
me
something
for
it
?
•
The
young
boy
thanked
the
doc
after
getting
his
vaccination
.
The
young
boy
thanked
the
doc
after
getting
his
vaccination
.
Shortening
of
“
doctor
,”
first
recorded
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
a
computer
file
or
written
document
,
especially
one
created
with
a
word-processing
program
•
Please
attach
the
doc
to
your
email
before
you
send
it
.
Please
attach
the
doc
to
your
email
before
you
send
it
.
•
I
saved
the
report
as
a
doc
so
everyone
can
open
it
.
I
saved
the
report
as
a
doc
so
everyone
can
open
it
.
Clipping
of
“
document
,”
popularized
in
computing
as
a
short
file-type
name
and
the
.
doc
extension
used
by
early
word-processing
software
.
noun
a
documentary
film
or
television
program
that
presents
facts
about
real
events
or
people
•
We
watched
a
fascinating
doc
about
ocean
life
last
night
.
We
watched
a
fascinating
doc
about
ocean
life
last
night
.
•
He
is
making
a
doc
on
climate
change
for
school
.
He
is
making
a
doc
on
climate
change
for
school
.
Shortened
from
“
documentary
,”
first
noted
in
film
industry
slang
in
the
late
1990s
.
donate
verb
-
donate
,
donating
,
donates
,
donated
to
give
money
,
food
,
clothes
,
or
other
things
without
expecting
payment
,
usually
to
help
people
or
a
good
cause
•
After
the
hurricane
,
neighbors
donated
blankets
and
bottled
water
to
the
shelter
.
After
the
hurricane
,
neighbors
donated
blankets
and
bottled
water
to
the
shelter
.
•
Every
December
,
the
company
donates
ten
percent
of
its
profits
to
local
schools
.
Every
December
,
the
company
donates
ten
percent
of
its
profits
to
local
schools
.
From
Latin
“
donare
”
meaning
“
to
give
as
a
gift
”.
verb
-
donate
,
donating
,
donates
,
donated
to
allow
part
of
your
body
,
such
as
blood
or
an
organ
,
to
be
taken
and
used
to
help
someone
else
•
Carlos
donated
blood
at
the
hospital
after
seeing
the
urgent
need
sign
.
Carlos
donated
blood
at
the
hospital
after
seeing
the
urgent
need
sign
.
•
A
mother
agreed
to
donate
a
kidney
to
save
her
sick
son
.
A
mother
agreed
to
donate
a
kidney
to
save
her
sick
son
.
From
Latin
“
donare
”
meaning
“
to
give
as
a
gift
”.
dose
noun
a
measured
amount
of
medicine
,
drug
,
or
other
substance
taken
or
given
at
one
time
•
The
doctor
told
me
to
take
one
dose
of
the
syrup
every
eight
hours
.
The
doctor
told
me
to
take
one
dose
of
the
syrup
every
eight
hours
.
•
After
forgetting
his
morning
dose
,
he
felt
the
pain
return
.
After
forgetting
his
morning
dose
,
he
felt
the
pain
return
.
Mid-16th
century
:
from
French
dose
,
from
late
Latin
dosis
,
from
Greek
dosis
‘
a
giving
,
gift
’,
from
didonai
‘
give
’.
noun
an
amount
or
experience
of
something
,
often
unpleasant
or
surprising
,
that
affects
you
at
one
time
•
The
shocking
news
gave
her
a
hard
dose
of
reality
.
The
shocking
news
gave
her
a
hard
dose
of
reality
.
•
We
all
need
a
daily
dose
of
laughter
.
We
all
need
a
daily
dose
of
laughter
.
verb
-
dose
,
dosing
,
doses
,
dosed
to
give
or
take
a
measured
amount
of
medicine
,
drug
,
or
other
substance
•
The
pharmacist
will
dose
the
liquid
into
a
small
cup
.
The
pharmacist
will
dose
the
liquid
into
a
small
cup
.
•
Parents
should
not
dose
children
with
adult
cold
medicine
.
Parents
should
not
dose
children
with
adult
cold
medicine
.
adoption
noun
the
act
of
legally
taking
another
person
’
s
child
into
your
family
and
raising
the
child
as
your
own
•
After
years
of
paperwork
,
Maria
and
Luis
celebrated
the
official
adoption
of
their
baby
girl
.
After
years
of
paperwork
,
Maria
and
Luis
celebrated
the
official
adoption
of
their
baby
girl
.
•
The
agency
guided
the
couple
through
every
step
of
the
adoption
process
.
The
agency
guided
the
couple
through
every
step
of
the
adoption
process
.
From
Latin
adoptio
,
from
adoptare
“
to
choose
for
oneself
,
take
as
one
’
s
child
.”
noun
the
act
of
taking
an
animal
from
a
shelter
or
rescue
center
into
your
home
as
a
pet
•
Shelter
volunteers
celebrated
the
adoption
of
every
puppy
that
day
.
Shelter
volunteers
celebrated
the
adoption
of
every
puppy
that
day
.
•
Low
fees
during
the
weekend
led
to
a
record
number
of
cat
adoptions
.
Low
fees
during
the
weekend
led
to
a
record
number
of
cat
adoptions
.
Applied
to
pets
in
the
mid-20th
century
as
animal
shelters
promoted
finding
permanent
homes
for
stray
animals
.
noun
the
act
of
starting
to
use
or
accept
something
new
,
such
as
an
idea
,
method
,
or
technology
•
The
rapid
adoption
of
smartphones
changed
how
people
communicate
.
The
rapid
adoption
of
smartphones
changed
how
people
communicate
.
•
Government
incentives
encouraged
the
adoption
of
electric
cars
.
Government
incentives
encouraged
the
adoption
of
electric
cars
.
Sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
as
industry
began
to
adopt
new
technologies
,
extending
the
earlier
family-related
meaning
.
kingdom
noun
a
country
or
territory
ruled
by
a
king
or
queen
•
The
ancient
desert
kingdom
built
towering
palaces
of
red
sandstone
.
The
ancient
desert
kingdom
built
towering
palaces
of
red
sandstone
.
•
Tourists
flock
to
the
island
kingdom
every
summer
to
watch
its
colorful
parades
.
Tourists
flock
to
the
island
kingdom
every
summer
to
watch
its
colorful
parades
.
Old
English
cyningdōm
“
the
territory
ruled
by
a
king
”,
from
cyning
“
king
”
+
-dōm
“
domain
,
condition
”.
noun
a
domain
,
sphere
,
or
area
where
someone
or
something
has
complete
control
or
influence
•
The
kitchen
was
her
personal
kingdom
,
and
no
one
dared
move
a
single
pan
.
The
kitchen
was
her
personal
kingdom
,
and
no
one
dared
move
a
single
pan
.
•
In
the
tech
kingdom
of
Silicon
Valley
,
creativity
rules
over
tradition
.
In
the
tech
kingdom
of
Silicon
Valley
,
creativity
rules
over
tradition
.
noun
in
biology
,
one
of
the
highest
groups
into
which
living
things
are
classified
,
such
as
animals
or
plants
•
Students
learned
that
fungi
belong
to
their
own
kingdom
.
Students
learned
that
fungi
belong
to
their
own
kingdom
.
•
The
scientist
proposed
creating
a
new
kingdom
for
certain
microbes
.
The
scientist
proposed
creating
a
new
kingdom
for
certain
microbes
.
dominant
adjective
more
powerful
,
important
,
or
noticeable
than
anything
else
in
the
same
situation
•
The
dominant
lion
guarded
the
watering
hole
while
the
rest
of
the
pride
waited
.
The
dominant
lion
guarded
the
watering
hole
while
the
rest
of
the
pride
waited
.
•
Bright
red
is
the
dominant
color
in
the
artist
’
s
new
mural
that
covers
an
entire
city
wall
.
Bright
red
is
the
dominant
color
in
the
artist
’
s
new
mural
that
covers
an
entire
city
wall
.
From
Latin
dominans
“
ruling
,
governing
”,
present
participle
of
dominārī
“
to
rule
”,
from
dominus
“
lord
,
master
”.
noun
in
genetics
,
a
gene
or
allele
that
shows
its
trait
even
when
only
one
copy
is
present
•
Brown
eyes
appear
when
the
brown-eye
gene
is
the
dominant
in
a
child
’
s
DNA
.
Brown
eyes
appear
when
the
brown-eye
gene
is
the
dominant
in
a
child
’
s
DNA
.
•
Mendel
discovered
that
round
seeds
are
controlled
by
a
single
dominant
in
pea
plants
.
Mendel
discovered
that
round
seeds
are
controlled
by
a
single
dominant
in
pea
plants
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Latin
dominans
,
applied
in
early
20th-century
genetics
to
describe
a
trait
that
rules
over
another
.
noun
in
music
,
the
fifth
note
of
a
scale
,
or
the
key
built
on
that
note
•
In
the
key
of
C
major
,
G
is
the
dominant
that
creates
tension
before
resolving
to
C
.
In
the
key
of
C
major
,
G
is
the
dominant
that
creates
tension
before
resolving
to
C
.
•
The
melody
pauses
on
the
dominant
to
keep
listeners
waiting
for
the
final
chord
.
The
melody
pauses
on
the
dominant
to
keep
listeners
waiting
for
the
final
chord
.
Borrowed
from
the
adjective
,
used
in
18th-century
music
theory
because
the
fifth
note
"
rules
"
the
movement
back
to
the
tonic
.