toqus
Dictionary
English
한국어
Register
Login
🔍
question
noun
words
,
signs
,
or
sentences
that
you
use
to
ask
for
information
•
The
student
raised
her
hand
and
asked
a
question
about
the
lesson
.
The
student
raised
her
hand
and
asked
a
question
about
the
lesson
.
•
Before
we
begin
the
tour
,
does
anyone
have
any
questions
?
Before
we
begin
the
tour
,
does
anyone
have
any
questions
?
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
question
”,
from
Latin
“
quaestiō
”
meaning
“
search
”
or
“
investigation
”.
noun
A
sentence
or
phrase
that
asks
for
information
.
•
Maria
raised
her
hand
and
asked
the
teacher
a
tricky
question
.
Maria
raised
her
hand
and
asked
the
teacher
a
tricky
question
.
•
The
quiz
show
host
read
out
the
next
question
on
the
card
.
The
quiz
show
host
read
out
the
next
question
on
the
card
.
From
Latin
quaestiō
“
investigation
,
enquiry
”.
verb
-
question
,
questioning
,
questions
,
questioned
to
ask
someone
questions
in
order
to
get
information
•
The
police
questioned
the
witness
about
what
she
saw
.
The
police
questioned
the
witness
about
what
she
saw
.
•
Reporters
questioned
the
actor
about
the
new
movie
.
Reporters
questioned
the
actor
about
the
new
movie
.
noun
a
problem
,
topic
,
or
issue
that
people
discuss
or
need
to
decide
•
Affordable
housing
is
an
important
question
for
young
families
.
Affordable
housing
is
an
important
question
for
young
families
.
•
The
committee
debated
the
question
of
budget
cuts
for
hours
.
The
committee
debated
the
question
of
budget
cuts
for
hours
.
noun
doubt
or
uncertainty
about
whether
something
is
true
,
right
,
or
legal
•
After
the
scandal
,
his
honesty
was
in
question
.
After
the
scandal
,
his
honesty
was
in
question
.
•
The
safety
of
the
old
bridge
is
now
in
question
.
The
safety
of
the
old
bridge
is
now
in
question
.
noun
A
problem
or
topic
that
needs
to
be
discussed
or
decided
.
•
The
question
of
where
to
build
the
new
school
divided
the
town
council
.
The
question
of
where
to
build
the
new
school
divided
the
town
council
.
•
Money
was
never
a
question
for
her
wealthy
family
.
Money
was
never
a
question
for
her
wealthy
family
.
verb
To
ask
someone
for
information
.
•
The
reporter
questioned
the
mayor
about
the
budget
cuts
.
The
reporter
questioned
the
mayor
about
the
budget
cuts
.
•
Students
question
their
professor
to
understand
the
concept
better
.
Students
question
their
professor
to
understand
the
concept
better
.
verb
-
question
,
questioning
,
questions
,
questioned
to
doubt
or
feel
uncertain
about
whether
something
is
true
or
right
•
Some
people
question
the
effectiveness
of
the
new
law
.
Some
people
question
the
effectiveness
of
the
new
law
.
•
I
don
’
t
question
your
courage
,
only
your
plan
.
I
don
’
t
question
your
courage
,
only
your
plan
.
noun
Doubt
or
uncertainty
about
something
.
•
There
is
no
question
about
her
honesty
;
everyone
trusts
her
.
There
is
no
question
about
her
honesty
;
everyone
trusts
her
.
•
His
quick
confession
left
little
question
about
his
guilt
.
His
quick
confession
left
little
question
about
his
guilt
.
verb
To
express
or
feel
doubt
about
something
’
s
truth
or
value
.
•
Many
scientists
question
the
validity
of
the
old
theory
.
Many
scientists
question
the
validity
of
the
old
theory
.
•
She
questioned
his
decision
to
quit
a
stable
job
.
She
questioned
his
decision
to
quit
a
stable
job
.
information
noun
a
formal
written
statement
by
a
prosecutor
accusing
someone
of
a
crime
•
The
prosecutor
filed
an
information
against
the
suspect
in
the
county
court
.
The
prosecutor
filed
an
information
against
the
suspect
in
the
county
court
.
•
After
reviewing
the
information
,
the
judge
scheduled
a
preliminary
hearing
.
After
reviewing
the
information
,
the
judge
scheduled
a
preliminary
hearing
.
legal
sense
developed
in
16th-century
English
law
as
an
official
accusation
presented
by
a
public
officer
.
education
noun
the
organised
system
and
process
of
teaching
and
learning
,
especially
in
schools
,
colleges
,
or
universities
•
Governments
invest
a
lot
of
money
to
improve
education
for
every
child
.
Governments
invest
a
lot
of
money
to
improve
education
for
every
child
.
•
Access
to
quality
education
can
break
the
cycle
of
poverty
.
Access
to
quality
education
can
break
the
cycle
of
poverty
.
From
Latin
educatio
(“
a
breeding
,
bringing
up
”),
from
educare
“
to
bring
up
,
train
,
rear
”.
noun
the
knowledge
,
skills
,
and
mental
development
that
someone
has
gained
through
study
and
experience
•
Her
solid
education
in
physics
helps
her
solve
complex
problems
at
work
.
Her
solid
education
in
physics
helps
her
solve
complex
problems
at
work
.
•
He
credits
his
education
for
giving
him
critical-thinking
skills
.
He
credits
his
education
for
giving
him
critical-thinking
skills
.
noun
a
specific
program
or
course
of
study
at
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
•
She
is
pursuing
an
education
in
veterinary
medicine
.
She
is
pursuing
an
education
in
veterinary
medicine
.
•
The
college
offers
an
education
tailored
to
working
adults
.
The
college
offers
an
education
tailored
to
working
adults
.
nation
noun
a
country
that
has
its
own
government
and
official
borders
•
Canada
is
a
nation
known
for
its
beautiful
lakes
and
forests
.
Canada
is
a
nation
known
for
its
beautiful
lakes
and
forests
.
•
The
United
Nations
includes
almost
every
nation
on
Earth
.
The
United
Nations
includes
almost
every
nation
on
Earth
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
“
nātiō
”
meaning
“
birth
,
people
,
tribe
”;
later
came
to
mean
a
political
state
.
noun
the
people
who
live
in
and
belong
to
a
country
,
thought
of
as
a
single
group
•
During
the
televised
address
,
the
president
thanked
the
nation
for
its
patience
.
During
the
televised
address
,
the
president
thanked
the
nation
for
its
patience
.
•
The
whole
nation
cheered
when
the
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
The
whole
nation
cheered
when
the
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
Same
root
as
the
political
sense
,
but
focused
on
the
idea
of
people
born
into
the
same
country
.
noun
informal
:
a
very
large
group
of
people
who
share
a
common
interest
,
activity
,
or
identity
•
Fans
proudly
call
themselves
part
of
“
gamer
nation
”.
Fans
proudly
call
themselves
part
of
“
gamer
nation
”.
•
When
the
singer
released
her
new
album
,
her
global
“(
nation
)
of
followers
”
crashed
the
music
website
.
When
the
singer
released
her
new
album
,
her
global
“(
nation
)
of
followers
”
crashed
the
music
website
.
By
extension
from
the
main
sense
of
a
people
joined
together
,
used
from
the
late
20th
century
to
label
large
fan
communities
.
decision
noun
-
decide
,
deciding
,
decides
,
decided
a
choice
you
make
after
thinking
about
different
possibilities
•
After
hours
of
thought
,
Maria
finally
reached
her
decision
.
After
hours
of
thought
,
Maria
finally
reached
her
decision
.
•
Choosing
the
blue
paint
was
an
easy
decision
for
the
designer
.
Choosing
the
blue
paint
was
an
easy
decision
for
the
designer
.
From
Latin
‘
decisio
’
meaning
‘
cutting
off
,
settlement
’
and
later
‘
a
conclusion
’.
noun
-
decide
,
deciding
,
decides
,
decided
the
quality
or
ability
of
deciding
quickly
and
confidently
•
The
captain
showed
quick
decision
during
the
storm
and
saved
the
crew
.
The
captain
showed
quick
decision
during
the
storm
and
saved
the
crew
.
•
Successful
leaders
act
with
decision
instead
of
hesitating
.
Successful
leaders
act
with
decision
instead
of
hesitating
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
primary
sense
,
emphasizing
the
act
rather
than
the
result
.
noun
-
decide
,
deciding
,
decides
,
decided
an
official
judgment
made
by
a
court
,
judge
,
or
other
authority
•
The
court's
decision
favored
the
local
community
.
The
court's
decision
favored
the
local
community
.
•
We
must
wait
for
the
judge's
decision
before
building
can
start
.
We
must
wait
for
the
judge's
decision
before
building
can
start
.
Legal
use
developed
in
the
17th
century
as
courts
formalized
written
judgments
.
million
noun
the
number
that
equals
one
thousand
thousand
,
written
1
,
000
,
000
•
The
city
has
a
population
of
over
one
million
.
The
city
has
a
population
of
over
one
million
.
•
He
won
exactly
two
million
dollars
in
the
lottery
.
He
won
exactly
two
million
dollars
in
the
lottery
.
From
Old
French
million
,
formed
on
mille
“
thousand
”
with
the
augmentative
suffix
-ion
,
originally
meaning
“
a
great
thousand
.”
noun
the
number
1
,
000
,
000
•
There
are
about
one
million
stars
visible
in
the
night
sky
.
There
are
about
one
million
stars
visible
in
the
night
sky
.
•
The
charity
hopes
to
raise
a
million
dollars
this
year
.
The
charity
hopes
to
raise
a
million
dollars
this
year
.
From
Old
French
million
,
from
Italian
milione
,
an
augmentative
of
mille
(“
thousand
”),
ultimately
from
Latin
.
noun
a
very
large
but
not
exact
number
of
people
or
things
•
There
were
millions
of
butterflies
filling
the
valley
.
There
were
millions
of
butterflies
filling
the
valley
.
•
I
’
ve
told
you
millions
of
times
to
clean
your
room
.
I
’
ve
told
you
millions
of
times
to
clean
your
room
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
extended
figurative
use
to
mean
an
indefinite
large
quantity
dates
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
very
large
but
not
precisely
stated
number
of
people
or
things
•
Millions
of
butterflies
filled
the
valley
during
migration
.
Millions
of
butterflies
filled
the
valley
during
migration
.
•
The
video
game
sold
millions
of
copies
worldwide
.
The
video
game
sold
millions
of
copies
worldwide
.
relationship
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
people
or
groups
feel
and
behave
toward
each
other
•
A
strong
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
can
improve
learning
.
A
strong
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
can
improve
learning
.
•
Good
communication
is
the
key
to
any
healthy
relationship
.
Good
communication
is
the
key
to
any
healthy
relationship
.
From
relation
+
-ship
;
first
recorded
in
the
1730s
.
noun
a
close
romantic
partnership
between
two
people
who
are
dating
or
married
•
Maya
and
Lucas
announced
they
were
in
a
serious
relationship
.
Maya
and
Lucas
announced
they
were
in
a
serious
relationship
.
•
She
ended
the
relationship
because
they
wanted
different
things
.
She
ended
the
relationship
because
they
wanted
different
things
.
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
things
are
connected
or
affect
each
other
•
Scientists
study
the
relationship
between
diet
and
health
.
Scientists
study
the
relationship
between
diet
and
health
.
•
There
is
a
direct
relationship
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
There
is
a
direct
relationship
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
noun
a
family
connection
between
people
who
share
the
same
ancestors
•
My
relationship
to
Sarah
is
that
she
is
my
cousin
.
My
relationship
to
Sarah
is
that
she
is
my
cousin
.
•
He
discovered
his
relationship
with
the
famous
poet
while
tracing
his
family
tree
.
He
discovered
his
relationship
with
the
famous
poet
while
tracing
his
family
tree
.
action
noun
the
process
of
doing
something
rather
than
just
thinking
or
talking
about
it
•
We
need
less
talk
and
more
action
if
we
want
to
finish
on
time
.
We
need
less
talk
and
more
action
if
we
want
to
finish
on
time
.
•
Watching
the
puppies
tumble
over
each
other
was
nonstop
action
.
Watching
the
puppies
tumble
over
each
other
was
nonstop
action
.
From
Latin
actiō
meaning
"
a
doing
,
performing
".
administration
noun
the
practical
work
of
organizing
and
running
the
day-to-day
affairs
of
a
company
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
•
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
From
Latin
administratio
“
management
,
direction
”,
from
administrare
“
to
manage
”.
noun
the
group
of
people
who
manage
and
make
decisions
for
an
organization
,
such
as
a
school
,
hospital
,
or
business
•
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
•
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
noun
the
government
of
a
particular
U
.
S
.
president
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
are
in
office
•
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
•
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
noun
the
act
of
giving
a
medicine
or
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
•
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
version
noun
a
form
of
something
that
is
slightly
different
from
other
forms
of
the
same
thing
•
The
restaurant
serves
a
spicy
version
of
the
classic
tomato
soup
.
The
restaurant
serves
a
spicy
version
of
the
classic
tomato
soup
.
•
The
movie's
director
released
an
extended
version
with
scenes
that
were
cut
from
theaters
.
The
movie's
director
released
an
extended
version
with
scenes
that
were
cut
from
theaters
.
noun
a
description
of
events
as
given
by
one
person
,
often
differing
from
others
•
According
to
his
version
of
the
story
,
the
dog
opened
the
gate
by
itself
.
According
to
his
version
of
the
story
,
the
dog
opened
the
gate
by
itself
.
•
The
police
compared
each
witness's
version
to
find
inconsistencies
.
The
police
compared
each
witness's
version
to
find
inconsistencies
.
noun
a
particular
release
of
a
computer
program
or
system
,
usually
identified
by
a
number
•
My
phone
automatically
installed
version
14
.
2
of
the
app
overnight
.
My
phone
automatically
installed
version
14
.
2
of
the
app
overnight
.
•
Developers
fixed
the
bug
in
the
new
version
of
the
software
.
Developers
fixed
the
bug
in
the
new
version
of
the
software
.
noun
a
particular
translation
of
a
text
,
especially
a
religious
or
classical
work
•
I
prefer
the
modern
English
version
of
the
novel
.
I
prefer
the
modern
English
version
of
the
novel
.
•
The
church
reads
from
the
King
James
Version
every
Sunday
.
The
church
reads
from
the
King
James
Version
every
Sunday
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
,
from
Medieval
Latin
versio
(
n-
),
from
Latin
vertere
‘
to
turn
’.
position
noun
the
place
where
someone
or
something
is
located
or
has
been
put
•
Please
put
the
vase
back
in
its
position
on
the
shelf
.
Please
put
the
vase
back
in
its
position
on
the
shelf
.
•
The
map
showed
our
exact
position
on
the
hiking
trail
.
The
map
showed
our
exact
position
on
the
hiking
trail
.
From
Latin
positio
‘
a
placing
’,
from
ponere
‘
to
place
’.
noun
the
way
in
which
someone
’
s
body
or
an
object
is
arranged
or
held
•
Keep
your
back
in
a
straight
position
while
lifting
boxes
.
Keep
your
back
in
a
straight
position
while
lifting
boxes
.
•
The
yoga
teacher
corrected
my
leg
position
.
The
yoga
teacher
corrected
my
leg
position
.
noun
a
job
or
role
within
an
organization
•
She
applied
for
the
position
of
marketing
manager
.
She
applied
for
the
position
of
marketing
manager
.
•
After
the
interview
,
he
was
offered
the
position
immediately
.
After
the
interview
,
he
was
offered
the
position
immediately
.
noun
a
particular
opinion
or
attitude
someone
holds
about
a
subject
•
The
senator
’
s
position
on
climate
change
is
very
clear
.
The
senator
’
s
position
on
climate
change
is
very
clear
.
•
What
is
your
position
regarding
remote
work
?
What
is
your
position
regarding
remote
work
?
noun
a
place
in
a
ranking
or
order
that
shows
how
well
someone
or
something
has
done
•
Our
team
finished
the
season
in
second
position
.
Our
team
finished
the
season
in
second
position
.
•
Her
song
climbed
to
the
top
position
on
the
charts
.
Her
song
climbed
to
the
top
position
on
the
charts
.
verb
to
put
something
or
someone
in
a
particular
place
•
She
carefully
positioned
the
camera
on
the
tripod
.
She
carefully
positioned
the
camera
on
the
tripod
.
•
Please
position
the
chairs
in
a
circle
for
the
discussion
.
Please
position
the
chairs
in
a
circle
for
the
discussion
.
verb
to
present
or
promote
something
in
a
particular
way
so
that
people
see
it
as
you
intend
•
The
company
positioned
its
new
phone
as
a
luxury
item
.
The
company
positioned
its
new
phone
as
a
luxury
item
.
•
He
is
trying
to
position
himself
as
an
expert
in
renewable
energy
.
He
is
trying
to
position
himself
as
an
expert
in
renewable
energy
.
noun
a
specific
arrangement
of
two
people
’
s
bodies
during
sexual
activity
•
Health
educators
explain
different
sexual
positions
to
promote
safety
and
comfort
.
Health
educators
explain
different
sexual
positions
to
promote
safety
and
comfort
.
•
They
talked
openly
about
which
positions
felt
most
comfortable
.
They
talked
openly
about
which
positions
felt
most
comfortable
.
situation
noun
all
the
facts
and
conditions
that
exist
around
someone
or
something
at
a
particular
time
•
The
situation
at
the
airport
improved
once
the
snowplows
cleared
the
runways
.
The
situation
at
the
airport
improved
once
the
snowplows
cleared
the
runways
.
•
When
the
baby
started
crying
,
Maria
quickly
calmed
him
,
and
the
situation
was
soon
under
control
.
When
the
baby
started
crying
,
Maria
quickly
calmed
him
,
and
the
situation
was
soon
under
control
.
From
Latin
‘
situs
’
meaning
‘
place
’
plus
the
suffix
‘
-ation
’.
Originally
referred
to
physical
placement
before
broadening
to
general
circumstances
.
noun
the
place
or
position
where
something
is
located
,
especially
in
relation
to
its
surroundings
•
The
castle
’
s
hilltop
situation
made
it
easy
to
defend
against
invaders
.
The
castle
’
s
hilltop
situation
made
it
easy
to
defend
against
invaders
.
•
Buyers
loved
the
apartment
’
s
central
situation
near
shops
and
public
transport
.
Buyers
loved
the
apartment
’
s
central
situation
near
shops
and
public
transport
.
noun
a
job
or
employment
position
,
especially
as
advertised
or
sought
(
dated
)
•
In
1905
,
Clara
secured
a
situation
as
a
governess
with
a
wealthy
family
.
In
1905
,
Clara
secured
a
situation
as
a
governess
with
a
wealthy
family
.
•
The
newspaper
’
s
‘
Situations
Vacant
’
column
listed
dozens
of
clerical
posts
.
The
newspaper
’
s
‘
Situations
Vacant
’
column
listed
dozens
of
clerical
posts
.
organization
noun
a
group
of
people
who
work
together
in
a
structured
way
for
a
shared
purpose
such
as
a
business
,
charity
,
club
,
or
government
body
.
•
The
organization
collected
coats
for
families
in
need
during
winter
.
The
organization
collected
coats
for
families
in
need
during
winter
.
•
He
started
a
new
organization
to
teach
coding
to
teenagers
.
He
started
a
new
organization
to
teach
coding
to
teenagers
.
From
French
organisation
,
from
Medieval
Latin
organizatio
,
from
organizare
“
to
arrange
,
set
in
order
,”
ultimately
from
Ancient
Greek
organon
“
tool
,
instrument
.”
organisation
noun
a
group
of
people
who
work
together
in
a
structured
way
for
a
shared
purpose
such
as
a
business
,
charity
,
club
,
or
government
body
.
•
The
environmental
organisation
planted
thousands
of
trees
last
spring
.
The
environmental
organisation
planted
thousands
of
trees
last
spring
.
•
She
joined
a
student
organisation
at
university
to
meet
new
friends
.
She
joined
a
student
organisation
at
university
to
meet
new
friends
.
From
French
organisation
,
with
British
spelling
changing
-z-
to
-s-
in
the
19th
century
.
attentions
noun
acts
of
courtesy
or
romantic
interest
,
such
as
compliments
or
small
gifts
,
that
show
you
like
someone
•
He
tried
to
win
her
over
with
small
attentions
like
handwritten
notes
and
flowers
.
He
tried
to
win
her
over
with
small
attentions
like
handwritten
notes
and
flowers
.
•
She
politely
rejected
his
unwanted
attentions
.
She
politely
rejected
his
unwanted
attentions
.
condition
noun
the
physical
or
functional
state
that
someone
or
something
is
in
•
I
bought
the
used
bike
because
it
was
still
in
excellent
condition
.
I
bought
the
used
bike
because
it
was
still
in
excellent
condition
.
•
After
the
storm
,
the
roads
were
in
poor
condition
.
After
the
storm
,
the
roads
were
in
poor
condition
.
noun
an
illness
or
medical
problem
that
affects
the
body
or
mind
•
Asthma
is
a
chronic
condition
that
makes
breathing
difficult
.
Asthma
is
a
chronic
condition
that
makes
breathing
difficult
.
•
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
skin
condition
.
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
skin
condition
.
noun
something
that
must
be
done
or
accepted
before
something
else
can
happen
•
Payment
in
advance
is
a
condition
of
the
rental
agreement
.
Payment
in
advance
is
a
condition
of
the
rental
agreement
.
•
She
accepted
the
job
on
the
condition
that
she
could
work
from
home
one
day
a
week
.
She
accepted
the
job
on
the
condition
that
she
could
work
from
home
one
day
a
week
.
verb
-
condition
,
conditioning
,
conditions
,
conditioned
to
train
or
influence
a
person
or
animal
to
behave
in
a
particular
way
through
repeated
experience
•
Trainers
condition
the
dogs
to
sit
when
they
hear
a
whistle
.
Trainers
condition
the
dogs
to
sit
when
they
hear
a
whistle
.
•
From
childhood
,
we
are
conditioned
to
respect
traffic
lights
.
From
childhood
,
we
are
conditioned
to
respect
traffic
lights
.
verb
-
condition
,
conditioning
,
conditions
,
conditioned
to
apply
a
substance
or
process
that
makes
something
,
especially
hair
,
leather
,
or
fabric
,
softer
and
healthier
•
After
shampooing
,
I
always
condition
my
hair
.
After
shampooing
,
I
always
condition
my
hair
.
•
You
should
condition
the
leather
seats
to
keep
them
flexible
.
You
should
condition
the
leather
seats
to
keep
them
flexible
.
conditions
noun
the
situation
or
environment
in
which
people
live
or
work
•
Living
conditions
in
the
camp
have
improved
.
Living
conditions
in
the
camp
have
improved
.
•
The
miners
work
in
harsh
conditions
underground
.
The
miners
work
in
harsh
conditions
underground
.
option
noun
something
you
can
choose
from
when
there
is
more
than
one
possibility
•
This
restaurant
has
a
vegetarian
option
on
the
menu
.
This
restaurant
has
a
vegetarian
option
on
the
menu
.
•
You
have
two
options
:
take
the
bus
or
walk
to
school
.
You
have
two
options
:
take
the
bus
or
walk
to
school
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
optio
“
free
choice
,
right
to
choose
”,
from
optāre
“
to
choose
,
desire
”.
The
modern
English
sense
of
“
possibility
that
may
be
chosen
”
dates
to
the
1700s
.
noun
a
setting
or
command
you
can
select
in
computer
software
or
on
a
device
•
Click
the
'Print'
option
to
send
the
document
to
the
printer
.
Click
the
'Print'
option
to
send
the
document
to
the
printer
.
•
The
settings
menu
offers
a
dark-mode
option
for
easier
reading
at
night
.
The
settings
menu
offers
a
dark-mode
option
for
easier
reading
at
night
.
noun
a
financial
contract
giving
the
right
,
but
not
the
obligation
,
to
buy
or
sell
an
asset
at
a
set
price
within
a
specified
time
•
She
bought
a
call
option
on
the
company's
stock
.
She
bought
a
call
option
on
the
company's
stock
.
•
An
option
gives
the
buyer
the
right
but
not
the
obligation
to
sell
.
An
option
gives
the
buyer
the
right
but
not
the
obligation
to
sell
.
verb
to
buy
or
secure
the
right
to
use
or
develop
something
,
especially
a
book
,
story
,
or
piece
of
land
,
at
a
later
date
•
The
studio
optioned
the
novel
for
a
future
movie
adaptation
.
The
studio
optioned
the
novel
for
a
future
movie
adaptation
.
•
A
producer
options
scripts
he
thinks
might
become
hits
.
A
producer
options
scripts
he
thinks
might
become
hits
.
opinion
noun
what
someone
thinks
or
believes
about
a
topic
,
person
,
or
situation
,
rather
than
something
that
can
be
proved
true
•
In
my
opinion
,
the
blue
dress
looks
better
on
you
.
In
my
opinion
,
the
blue
dress
looks
better
on
you
.
•
Everyone
is
entitled
to
their
own
opinion
.
Everyone
is
entitled
to
their
own
opinion
.
From
Middle
English
opinioun
,
from
Old
French
opinion
,
from
Latin
opīniō
(“
belief
,
guess
”).
noun
a
judgment
or
advice
given
by
a
trained
specialist
,
such
as
a
doctor
,
engineer
,
or
other
expert
•
The
doctor
suggested
getting
a
second
opinion
before
the
surgery
.
The
doctor
suggested
getting
a
second
opinion
before
the
surgery
.
•
We
hired
an
engineer
to
give
his
opinion
on
the
bridge's
safety
.
We
hired
an
engineer
to
give
his
opinion
on
the
bridge's
safety
.
noun
a
written
statement
in
which
a
judge
or
court
explains
the
reasoning
behind
its
decision
•
The
Supreme
Court's
majority
opinion
was
50
pages
long
.
The
Supreme
Court's
majority
opinion
was
50
pages
long
.
•
Justice
Lee
wrote
a
dissenting
opinion
.
Justice
Lee
wrote
a
dissenting
opinion
.
mention
verb
to
say
or
write
something
about
a
person
or
thing
briefly
,
without
going
into
detail
•
Please
mention
my
name
when
you
see
the
manager
.
Please
mention
my
name
when
you
see
the
manager
.
•
He
didn't
mention
the
broken
window
during
the
meeting
.
He
didn't
mention
the
broken
window
during
the
meeting
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
mencion
,
from
Latin
mentio
meaning
‘
a
speaking
of
’.
noun
a
brief
reference
to
someone
or
something
•
The
article
made
no
mention
of
the
new
law
.
The
article
made
no
mention
of
the
new
law
.
•
Thanks
for
the
mention
in
your
speech
.
Thanks
for
the
mention
in
your
speech
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
mencion
,
from
Latin
mentio
meaning
‘
a
speaking
of
’.
section
noun
one
of
the
separate
parts
that
together
form
something
larger
•
The
book's
final
section
explains
the
main
ideas
in
simple
language
.
The
book's
final
section
explains
the
main
ideas
in
simple
language
.
•
Please
turn
to
the
safety
section
of
the
manual
before
using
the
machine
.
Please
turn
to
the
safety
section
of
the
manual
before
using
the
machine
.
From
Latin
sectio
“
a
cutting
,
division
”,
from
secāre
“
to
cut
”.
noun
a
department
or
group
within
a
larger
organization
,
business
,
or
event
•
I
work
in
the
marketing
section
of
the
company
.
I
work
in
the
marketing
section
of
the
company
.
•
The
brass
section
rehearsed
their
part
before
the
orchestra
’
s
main
practice
.
The
brass
section
rehearsed
their
part
before
the
orchestra
’
s
main
practice
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
“
part
”
to
denote
a
distinct
subdivision
of
an
organization
in
the
early
19th
century
.
verb
to
divide
something
into
parts
,
or
to
separate
part
of
an
area
with
barriers
•
Workers
sectioned
the
hall
into
smaller
meeting
rooms
with
movable
walls
.
Workers
sectioned
the
hall
into
smaller
meeting
rooms
with
movable
walls
.
•
At
the
beach
,
lifeguards
section
off
a
safe
swimming
area
with
bright
buoys
.
At
the
beach
,
lifeguards
section
off
a
safe
swimming
area
with
bright
buoys
.
From
the
noun
“
section
”;
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
18th
century
,
meaning
“
to
cut
into
slices
or
parts
”.
region
noun
a
large
area
of
land
that
is
separate
from
other
areas
because
of
geography
,
culture
,
or
administration
•
Many
tourists
visit
the
coastal
region
for
its
warm
climate
and
beaches
.
Many
tourists
visit
the
coastal
region
for
its
warm
climate
and
beaches
.
•
The
mountain
region
becomes
snow-covered
every
winter
.
The
mountain
region
becomes
snow-covered
every
winter
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
regio
‘
direction
,
district
’,
from
regere
‘
to
rule
’.
noun
a
specific
part
of
the
body
•
He
felt
pain
in
the
lower
back
region
after
lifting
the
boxes
.
He
felt
pain
in
the
lower
back
region
after
lifting
the
boxes
.
•
A
rash
appeared
in
the
neck
region
and
quickly
spread
.
A
rash
appeared
in
the
neck
region
and
quickly
spread
.
noun
a
separate
part
of
a
system
,
space
,
or
abstract
field
,
often
with
a
special
function
•
This
program
stores
images
in
a
high-speed
memory
region
.
This
program
stores
images
in
a
high-speed
memory
region
.
•
Astronomers
discovered
a
dense
region
of
gas
between
the
stars
.
Astronomers
discovered
a
dense
region
of
gas
between
the
stars
.
union
noun
the
act
or
state
of
joining
two
or
more
things
,
people
,
or
ideas
together
to
form
one
•
The
union
of
the
two
rivers
creates
a
wide
,
peaceful
lake
.
The
union
of
the
two
rivers
creates
a
wide
,
peaceful
lake
.
•
Their
wedding
celebrated
the
joyful
union
of
different
cultures
.
Their
wedding
celebrated
the
joyful
union
of
different
cultures
.
From
Latin
unio
“
oneness
,
unity
”,
from
unus
“
one
”.
noun
an
organization
that
represents
workers
and
negotiates
with
employers
about
pay
,
hours
,
and
conditions
•
The
factory
workers
joined
a
union
to
ask
for
safer
machines
.
The
factory
workers
joined
a
union
to
ask
for
safer
machines
.
•
Our
union
voted
to
go
on
strike
next
Monday
.
Our
union
voted
to
go
on
strike
next
Monday
.
Sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
workers
coming
together
in
unity
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
set
that
contains
all
the
elements
of
two
or
more
given
sets
•
The
union
of
sets
A
and
B
includes
every
element
found
in
either
set
.
The
union
of
sets
A
and
B
includes
every
element
found
in
either
set
.
•
On
the
screen
,
the
programmer
created
a
union
of
three
arrays
to
remove
duplicates
.
On
the
screen
,
the
programmer
created
a
union
of
three
arrays
to
remove
duplicates
.
Adopted
into
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
combining
sets
,
using
the
everyday
idea
of
unity
.
Union
noun
a
group
of
states
,
nations
,
or
political
bodies
that
choose
to
act
together
under
one
government
or
agreement
•
Croatia
joined
the
European
Union
in
2013
.
Croatia
joined
the
European
Union
in
2013
.
•
The
African
Union
meets
yearly
to
discuss
regional
issues
.
The
African
Union
meets
yearly
to
discuss
regional
issues
.
Political
sense
grew
from
the
18th-century
idea
of
separate
kingdoms
uniting
under
one
crown
or
parliament
,
such
as
the
Act
of
Union
1707
.
discussion
noun
a
talk
between
two
or
more
people
in
which
they
share
ideas
or
opinions
,
often
to
reach
a
decision
•
Our
team
had
a
lively
discussion
about
the
new
marketing
plan
during
lunch
.
Our
team
had
a
lively
discussion
about
the
new
marketing
plan
during
lunch
.
•
After
a
long
discussion
,
they
finally
chose
the
blue
paint
for
the
kitchen
.
After
a
long
discussion
,
they
finally
chose
the
blue
paint
for
the
kitchen
.
From
Latin
"
discussio
"
meaning
"
examination
"
or
"
investigation
",
through
Middle
French
"
discussion
"
into
English
in
the
late
15th
century
.
noun
the
general
act
or
process
of
talking
or
writing
about
a
subject
•
The
proposal
is
still
under
discussion
at
city
hall
.
The
proposal
is
still
under
discussion
at
city
hall
.
•
There
has
been
a
lot
of
discussion
about
remote
work
lately
.
There
has
been
a
lot
of
discussion
about
remote
work
lately
.
Same
origin
as
countable
sense
:
from
Latin
"
discussio
"
through
French
.
station
noun
a
place
where
trains
,
buses
,
or
other
public
vehicles
regularly
stop
so
that
passengers
can
get
on
or
off
•
We
hurried
into
the
station
and
found
our
platform
just
before
the
train
arrived
.
We
hurried
into
the
station
and
found
our
platform
just
before
the
train
arrived
.
•
The
city
built
a
modern
bus
station
with
plenty
of
seating
and
digital
timetable
screens
.
The
city
built
a
modern
bus
station
with
plenty
of
seating
and
digital
timetable
screens
.
From
Latin
statio
“
standing
place
,
post
,
job
,”
via
Old
French
station
.
noun
a
building
or
place
where
a
particular
service
or
activity
is
based
,
such
as
a
police
,
fire
,
radio
,
or
television
organization
•
The
firefighters
rushed
back
to
the
station
after
putting
out
the
blaze
.
The
firefighters
rushed
back
to
the
station
after
putting
out
the
blaze
.
•
She
works
as
a
journalist
at
the
local
radio
station
.
She
works
as
a
journalist
at
the
local
radio
station
.
verb
-
station
,
stationing
,
stations
,
stationed
to
place
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
spot
so
that
they
stay
there
and
do
a
job
or
watch
something
•
Soldiers
were
stationed
at
the
border
to
keep
the
peace
.
Soldiers
were
stationed
at
the
border
to
keep
the
peace
.
•
The
company
has
stationed
a
technician
in
each
regional
office
.
The
company
has
stationed
a
technician
in
each
regional
office
.
population
noun
all
the
people
who
live
in
a
particular
place
or
who
belong
to
a
particular
group
•
The
population
of
the
small
island
greeted
the
visitors
with
smiles
.
The
population
of
the
small
island
greeted
the
visitors
with
smiles
.
•
A
large
part
of
the
city's
population
rides
the
subway
to
work
every
morning
.
A
large
part
of
the
city's
population
rides
the
subway
to
work
every
morning
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
populatio
(
n-
),
from
the
verb
populare
‘
populate
’.
noun
the
total
number
of
people
living
in
a
place
•
China
has
a
population
of
over
1
.
4
billion
people
.
China
has
a
population
of
over
1
.
4
billion
people
.
•
The
town's
population
doubled
after
the
new
factory
opened
.
The
town's
population
doubled
after
the
new
factory
opened
.
noun
a
group
of
animals
or
plants
of
the
same
species
living
in
a
particular
area
•
A
population
of
sea
turtles
nests
on
this
beach
every
summer
.
A
population
of
sea
turtles
nests
on
this
beach
every
summer
.
•
Climate
change
threatens
the
polar
bear
population
in
the
Arctic
.
Climate
change
threatens
the
polar
bear
population
in
the
Arctic
.
noun
all
the
people
or
things
in
a
set
that
researchers
want
to
study
in
statistics
•
The
survey
aims
to
represent
the
entire
population
of
high-school
students
in
the
country
.
The
survey
aims
to
represent
the
entire
population
of
high-school
students
in
the
country
.
•
When
the
population
is
too
large
,
researchers
select
a
sample
instead
.
When
the
population
is
too
large
,
researchers
select
a
sample
instead
.
election
noun
a
public
vote
in
which
citizens
choose
someone
to
hold
a
political
or
official
position
•
Voters
lined
up
early
to
cast
their
ballots
in
the
presidential
election
.
Voters
lined
up
early
to
cast
their
ballots
in
the
presidential
election
.
•
After
the
election
,
the
new
mayor
thanked
the
cheering
crowd
from
a
small
outdoor
stage
.
After
the
election
,
the
new
mayor
thanked
the
cheering
crowd
from
a
small
outdoor
stage
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
electio
‘
choice
,
selection
’,
from
eligere
‘
pick
out
,
choose
’.
noun
the
act
of
choosing
or
deciding
between
options
•
The
architect
’
s
election
of
materials
gave
the
building
a
modern
feel
.
The
architect
’
s
election
of
materials
gave
the
building
a
modern
feel
.
•
Her
careful
election
of
words
avoided
offending
anyone
in
the
meeting
.
Her
careful
election
of
words
avoided
offending
anyone
in
the
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
electio
‘
choice
’.
noun
in
certain
Christian
theology
,
God
’
s
choice
of
specific
people
for
salvation
•
Calvinists
regard
divine
election
as
proof
of
God
’
s
sovereignty
.
Calvinists
regard
divine
election
as
proof
of
God
’
s
sovereignty
.
•
The
pastor
’
s
sermon
explored
the
mystery
of
election
and
grace
.
The
pastor
’
s
sermon
explored
the
mystery
of
election
and
grace
.
The
theological
sense
arose
in
late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
biblical
Latin
electio
referring
to
the
‘
chosen
’.
conversation
noun
a
spoken
exchange
of
ideas
,
feelings
,
or
information
between
two
or
more
people
•
On
the
train
,
two
strangers
started
a
lively
conversation
about
travel
.
On
the
train
,
two
strangers
started
a
lively
conversation
about
travel
.
•
The
meeting
began
with
a
short
conversation
to
break
the
ice
.
The
meeting
began
with
a
short
conversation
to
break
the
ice
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
‘
conversatio
’
meaning
‘
living
with
,
keeping
company
with
’,
from
‘
conversari
’ ‘
associate
with
’.
noun
an
exchange
of
digital
messages
or
data
between
computers
,
programs
,
or
users
in
a
single
thread
•
The
chatbot
stores
each
user
conversation
for
future
reference
.
The
chatbot
stores
each
user
conversation
for
future
reference
.
•
Secure
conversation
between
the
servers
is
protected
by
encryption
.
Secure
conversation
between
the
servers
is
protected
by
encryption
.
direction
noun
the
course
or
line
along
which
someone
or
something
moves
,
points
,
or
faces
•
The
hikers
checked
their
compass
to
make
sure
they
were
walking
in
the
right
direction
.
The
hikers
checked
their
compass
to
make
sure
they
were
walking
in
the
right
direction
.
•
The
teacher
pointed
in
the
direction
of
the
library
so
we
could
find
it
easily
.
The
teacher
pointed
in
the
direction
of
the
library
so
we
could
find
it
easily
.
noun
instructions
that
tell
you
how
to
reach
a
place
or
how
to
do
something
•
Dad
read
the
cooking
directions
before
starting
the
recipe
.
Dad
read
the
cooking
directions
before
starting
the
recipe
.
•
The
map
app
gave
us
clear
directions
to
the
museum
.
The
map
app
gave
us
clear
directions
to
the
museum
.
noun
a
general
course
,
trend
,
or
purpose
toward
which
something
is
moving
or
aiming
•
The
company
is
heading
in
an
exciting
new
direction
with
its
eco-friendly
products
.
The
company
is
heading
in
an
exciting
new
direction
with
its
eco-friendly
products
.
•
After
graduation
,
he
felt
unsure
about
the
direction
of
his
career
.
After
graduation
,
he
felt
unsure
about
the
direction
of
his
career
.
noun
the
work
of
controlling
and
guiding
actors
,
musicians
,
or
a
production
•
The
movie
won
awards
for
its
brilliant
direction
.
The
movie
won
awards
for
its
brilliant
direction
.
•
Under
her
direction
,
the
play
came
to
life
on
stage
.
Under
her
direction
,
the
play
came
to
life
on
stage
.
television
noun
an
electronic
device
with
a
screen
that
receives
broadcast
or
streamed
signals
so
you
can
watch
moving
pictures
and
hear
sound
.
•
After
dinner
,
the
family
gathered
around
the
television
to
watch
a
movie
.
After
dinner
,
the
family
gathered
around
the
television
to
watch
a
movie
.
•
He
accidentally
dropped
the
remote
and
turned
the
television
off
.
He
accidentally
dropped
the
remote
and
turned
the
television
off
.
Formed
in
the
early
1900s
from
Greek
tele-
“
far
”
+
Latin
visio
“
sight
,”
literally
meaning
“
seeing
from
a
distance
.”
investigation
noun
the
act
or
process
of
carefully
examining
a
situation
,
crime
,
problem
,
or
idea
to
discover
the
truth
or
gather
facts
•
Police
opened
an
investigation
after
valuables
went
missing
from
the
museum
.
Police
opened
an
investigation
after
valuables
went
missing
from
the
museum
.
•
Her
science
fair
project
sparked
an
investigation
into
how
different
soils
affect
plant
growth
.
Her
science
fair
project
sparked
an
investigation
into
how
different
soils
affect
plant
growth
.
From
Latin
investigatio
(
a
searching
into
),
from
investigare
"
to
trace
out
,
search
after
,"
from
in-
"
in
"
+
vestigare
"
to
track
,
trace
."
association
noun
a
group
of
people
who
have
come
together
for
a
shared
purpose
,
interest
,
or
activity
•
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
She
joined
the
local
teachers'
association
to
meet
other
educators
.
•
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
The
neighborhood
association
organizes
a
street
fair
every
summer
.
From
Latin
“
associātiō
”
meaning
“
union
,
alliance
,”
from
“
associate
”
+
“
-ion
.”
noun
a
mental
or
causal
connection
or
link
between
ideas
,
things
,
or
people
•
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
He
has
a
strong
association
between
the
smell
of
cookies
and
his
grandmother's
house
.
•
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
The
color
red
has
an
association
with
danger
in
many
cultures
.
Sense
of
“
connection
of
ideas
”
recorded
since
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
philosophical
writings
on
how
thoughts
combine
.
operation
noun
the
way
a
machine
,
system
,
or
process
works
and
is
used
•
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
The
new
washing
machine
runs
quietly
during
its
operation
.
•
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
’
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
Engineers
watched
computer
screens
to
track
the
bridge
’
s
operation
on
a
windy
day
.
noun
a
business
or
organized
activity
that
produces
goods
or
provides
services
•
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
Her
cupcake
shop
started
as
a
small
home
operation
and
grew
into
three
busy
stores
.
•
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
The
mining
operation
employs
hundreds
of
workers
in
the
desert
.
noun
a
medical
procedure
in
which
doctors
cut
into
the
body
to
treat
or
fix
something
•
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
The
heart
operation
lasted
four
hours
and
was
a
success
.
•
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
After
her
knee
operation
,
she
used
crutches
for
two
weeks
.
noun
a
process
such
as
addition
,
subtraction
,
multiplication
,
or
division
that
changes
numbers
or
amounts
•
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
Multiplication
is
a
faster
operation
than
repeated
addition
.
•
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
The
calculator
can
perform
every
basic
operation
.
noun
a
planned
military
,
police
,
or
rescue
action
•
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
The
rescue
operation
saved
the
sailors
from
the
sinking
ship
.
•
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
Police
launched
an
undercover
operation
to
catch
the
smugglers
.
noun
an
action
or
command
that
a
computer
or
machine
carries
out
on
data
•
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
Copying
a
file
is
a
simple
operation
in
most
operating
systems
.
•
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
The
robot
repeated
the
sorting
operation
thousands
of
times
without
error
.
generation
noun
all
the
people
born
and
living
at
about
the
same
time
,
considered
as
a
group
•
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
People
of
my
generation
often
remember
life
before
smartphones
.
•
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
The
younger
generation
is
more
concerned
about
climate
change
.
noun
each
stage
in
a
family
line
,
measured
from
parent
to
child
•
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
My
family
has
lived
in
this
village
for
five
generations
.
•
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
She
is
the
third
generation
of
doctors
in
her
family
.
noun
a
particular
stage
in
the
development
of
a
product
,
technology
,
or
idea
•
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
This
is
the
latest
generation
of
smartphone
with
a
folding
screen
.
•
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
Second-generation
vaccines
show
fewer
side
effects
.
mission
noun
an
important
task
or
duty
that
a
person
or
group
is
given
and
feels
obliged
to
accomplish
•
The
rescue
team
set
out
on
a
mission
to
save
the
trapped
hikers
.
The
rescue
team
set
out
on
a
mission
to
save
the
trapped
hikers
.
•
Finishing
the
new
website
before
the
launch
date
has
become
my
personal
mission
.
Finishing
the
new
website
before
the
launch
date
has
become
my
personal
mission
.
From
Latin
missiō
(“
the
act
of
sending
”),
from
mittere
“
to
send
”.
noun
a
planned
military
,
diplomatic
,
or
space
operation
or
journey
with
a
specific
objective
•
The
fighter
jets
completed
their
night
mission
and
returned
safely
to
base
.
The
fighter
jets
completed
their
night
mission
and
returned
safely
to
base
.
•
The
Mars
rover
was
part
of
a
scientific
mission
to
search
for
signs
of
water
.
The
Mars
rover
was
part
of
a
scientific
mission
to
search
for
signs
of
water
.
noun
a
place
where
Christian
missionaries
live
and
work
,
often
offering
religious
services
,
education
,
or
aid
•
Tourists
admired
the
bell
tower
of
the
old
Spanish
mission
at
sunset
.
Tourists
admired
the
bell
tower
of
the
old
Spanish
mission
at
sunset
.
•
The
charity
built
a
new
medical
clinic
beside
its
rural
mission
to
serve
local
villagers
.
The
charity
built
a
new
medical
clinic
beside
its
rural
mission
to
serve
local
villagers
.
institution
noun
a
large
and
important
organization
created
for
education
,
religion
,
finance
,
or
another
public
purpose
•
Harvard
University
is
a
world-famous
institution
of
higher
learning
.
Harvard
University
is
a
world-famous
institution
of
higher
learning
.
•
The
bank
hopes
to
become
the
leading
financial
institution
in
the
region
.
The
bank
hopes
to
become
the
leading
financial
institution
in
the
region
.
noun
an
established
custom
,
system
,
or
practice
that
is
accepted
as
an
important
part
of
society
•
Many
people
believe
that
marriage
is
a
sacred
institution
.
Many
people
believe
that
marriage
is
a
sacred
institution
.
•
The
institution
of
democracy
allows
citizens
to
choose
their
leaders
.
The
institution
of
democracy
allows
citizens
to
choose
their
leaders
.
noun
a
place
such
as
a
hospital
,
home
,
or
prison
where
people
who
need
special
care
or
supervision
live
•
The
patient
was
moved
to
a
mental
health
institution
for
specialized
care
.
The
patient
was
moved
to
a
mental
health
institution
for
specialized
care
.
•
He
spent
several
months
in
a
rehabilitation
institution
after
the
accident
.
He
spent
several
months
in
a
rehabilitation
institution
after
the
accident
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
has
been
part
of
a
place
or
activity
for
a
very
long
time
and
is
highly
respected
or
well-known
•
At
ninety
,
the
baker
was
considered
a
local
institution
.
At
ninety
,
the
baker
was
considered
a
local
institution
.
•
The
stadium's
giant
hot-dog
vendor
is
an
institution
for
hungry
fans
.
The
stadium's
giant
hot-dog
vendor
is
an
institution
for
hungry
fans
.
noun
the
act
of
starting
or
introducing
something
such
as
a
rule
,
system
,
or
policy
•
The
institution
of
a
curfew
helped
calm
the
city
after
the
unrest
.
The
institution
of
a
curfew
helped
calm
the
city
after
the
unrest
.
•
Parliament
debated
the
institution
of
new
environmental
laws
.
Parliament
debated
the
institution
of
new
environmental
laws
.
solution
noun
a
way
of
fixing
a
problem
or
dealing
with
a
difficult
situation
•
The
city
council
hopes
the
new
subway
line
will
be
a
long-term
solution
to
traffic
jams
.
The
city
council
hopes
the
new
subway
line
will
be
a
long-term
solution
to
traffic
jams
.
•
Putting
the
computer
on
a
higher
shelf
proved
a
simple
solution
to
keep
it
away
from
the
toddler
.
Putting
the
computer
on
a
higher
shelf
proved
a
simple
solution
to
keep
it
away
from
the
toddler
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
solutio
’
meaning
‘
a
loosening
,
solving
’.
noun
the
correct
answer
that
makes
a
puzzle
,
question
,
or
equation
work
•
The
solution
to
3
×
x
=
12
is
4
.
The
solution
to
3
×
x
=
12
is
4
.
•
After
hours
of
thinking
,
Leo
finally
wrote
the
correct
solution
in
his
crossword
puzzle
.
After
hours
of
thinking
,
Leo
finally
wrote
the
correct
solution
in
his
crossword
puzzle
.
Middle
English
,
borrowed
from
Latin
‘
solutio
’, ‘
a
solving
’.
noun
a
liquid
in
which
one
substance
has
completely
dissolved
in
another
•
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound
with
a
mild
saline
solution
.
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound
with
a
mild
saline
solution
.
•
When
sugar
is
fully
dissolved
,
the
solution
becomes
transparent
.
When
sugar
is
fully
dissolved
,
the
solution
becomes
transparent
.
Adopted
into
scientific
language
in
the
17th
century
from
Latin
‘
solutio
’,
the
act
of
dissolving
.
foundation
noun
the
solid
base
,
usually
made
of
concrete
,
that
supports
a
building
or
other
structure
and
keeps
it
stable
•
The
workers
waited
for
the
concrete
foundation
to
harden
before
they
started
laying
bricks
.
The
workers
waited
for
the
concrete
foundation
to
harden
before
they
started
laying
bricks
.
•
During
the
earthquake
,
the
old
cabin
shifted
because
its
wooden
foundation
was
weak
.
During
the
earthquake
,
the
old
cabin
shifted
because
its
wooden
foundation
was
weak
.
From
Middle
English
fundacioun
,
from
Old
French
fondation
,
from
Latin
fundātiō
meaning
“
a
founding
,
laying
of
a
base
,”
from
fundāre
“
to
lay
the
base
”
noun
the
basic
principle
,
idea
,
or
fact
that
something
is
built
on
or
starts
from
•
Honesty
is
the
foundation
of
a
strong
friendship
.
Honesty
is
the
foundation
of
a
strong
friendship
.
•
Mathematics
forms
the
foundation
for
many
modern
technologies
.
Mathematics
forms
the
foundation
for
many
modern
technologies
.
noun
an
organization
that
is
created
and
given
money
to
support
a
particular
cause
,
study
,
or
charity
•
The
medical
foundation
donated
new
equipment
to
the
children
’
s
hospital
.
The
medical
foundation
donated
new
equipment
to
the
children
’
s
hospital
.
•
He
set
up
a
private
foundation
to
fund
scholarships
for
local
students
.
He
set
up
a
private
foundation
to
fund
scholarships
for
local
students
.
collection
noun
a
group
of
similar
objects
that
someone
has
gathered
and
keeps
together
•
Emma's
stamp
collection
filled
three
large
albums
.
Emma's
stamp
collection
filled
three
large
albums
.
•
The
museum
has
a
vast
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
The
museum
has
a
vast
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
from
Latin
colligere
“
to
gather
together
”,
via
Old
French
collection
noun
a
set
of
clothing
designs
produced
as
a
group
for
a
season
or
show
•
The
designer
unveiled
her
spring
collection
on
the
runway
.
The
designer
unveiled
her
spring
collection
on
the
runway
.
•
His
latest
collection
features
bright
colors
and
loose
silhouettes
.
His
latest
collection
features
bright
colors
and
loose
silhouettes
.
noun
an
amount
of
money
gathered
from
many
people
for
a
purpose
•
We
took
up
a
collection
for
the
earthquake
victims
.
We
took
up
a
collection
for
the
earthquake
victims
.
•
The
church
collection
usually
happens
after
the
sermon
.
The
church
collection
usually
happens
after
the
sermon
.
location
noun
-
location
, ,
a
particular
place
or
position
•
The
hotel
is
in
a
perfect
location
near
the
beach
.
The
hotel
is
in
a
perfect
location
near
the
beach
.
•
They
chose
a
quiet
location
for
the
picnic
in
the
park
.
They
chose
a
quiet
location
for
the
picnic
in
the
park
.
application
noun
a
formal
request
for
something
,
usually
in
writing
or
on
an
official
form
•
Maria
filled
out
the
job
application
and
handed
it
to
the
receptionist
.
Maria
filled
out
the
job
application
and
handed
it
to
the
receptionist
.
•
Your
university
application
must
be
submitted
by
January
15
.
Your
university
application
must
be
submitted
by
January
15
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
applicatio
(
n-
),
from
the
verb
applicare
‘
attach
,
devote
’.
noun
a
computer
program
designed
to
perform
a
specific
task
,
especially
on
phones
,
tablets
,
and
personal
computers
•
I
downloaded
a
language-learning
application
to
practice
Spanish
.
I
downloaded
a
language-learning
application
to
practice
Spanish
.
•
The
banking
application
crashed
during
the
update
.
The
banking
application
crashed
during
the
update
.
noun
the
practical
use
of
an
idea
,
method
,
or
thing
in
real
situations
•
The
scientist
explained
the
application
of
the
new
theory
to
everyday
life
.
The
scientist
explained
the
application
of
the
new
theory
to
everyday
life
.
•
Solar
panels
have
a
wide
application
in
remote
villages
.
Solar
panels
have
a
wide
application
in
remote
villages
.
noun
the
act
of
putting
something
,
such
as
paint
,
cream
,
or
glue
,
onto
a
surface
•
The
application
of
sunscreen
should
be
repeated
every
two
hours
.
The
application
of
sunscreen
should
be
repeated
every
two
hours
.
•
The
painter
’
s
smooth
application
of
color
created
a
glass-like
finish
.
The
painter
’
s
smooth
application
of
color
created
a
glass-like
finish
.
noun
continuous
hard
effort
and
attention
in
order
to
achieve
something
•
With
steady
application
,
he
mastered
the
piano
piece
.
With
steady
application
,
he
mastered
the
piano
piece
.
•
Success
in
this
course
requires
hard
work
and
constant
application
.
Success
in
this
course
requires
hard
work
and
constant
application
.
billion
noun
the
number
1
,
000
,
000
,
000
(
one
thousand
million
)
•
The
world
now
has
over
a
billion
smartphones
in
use
.
The
world
now
has
over
a
billion
smartphones
in
use
.
•
The
new
bridge
cost
nearly
two
billion
dollars
to
build
.
The
new
bridge
cost
nearly
two
billion
dollars
to
build
.
from
French
“
billion
”,
formed
on
the
model
of
“
million
”
in
the
late
17th
century
,
originally
meaning
a
million
million
but
later
adopted
for
one
thousand
million
in
most
English-speaking
countries
noun
the
number
1
000
000
000
(
one
thousand
million
)
•
Earth
’
s
population
is
over
eight
billion
people
.
Earth
’
s
population
is
over
eight
billion
people
.
•
Scientists
estimate
there
are
about
three
billion
base
pairs
in
human
DNA
.
Scientists
estimate
there
are
about
three
billion
base
pairs
in
human
DNA
.
Borrowed
in
the
17th
century
from
French
“
billion
”,
originally
meaning
a
million
millions
,
later
adopted
in
the
20th
century
to
mean
a
thousand
millions
in
most
English-speaking
countries
.
noun
an
extremely
large
but
unspecified
number
of
things
;
used
hyperbolically
•
I
’
ve
told
you
a
billion
times
to
close
the
door
.
I
’
ve
told
you
a
billion
times
to
close
the
door
.
•
There
are
a
billion
stars
in
the
sky
tonight
,
or
so
it
seems
.
There
are
a
billion
stars
in
the
sky
tonight
,
or
so
it
seems
.
Extension
of
the
literal
numerical
sense
to
a
figurative
one
for
emphasis
,
attested
from
the
early
1900s
.
noun
in
older
British
usage
,
the
number
1
,
000
,
000
,
000
,
000
(
one
million
million
)
•
A
Victorian
newspaper
quoted
the
national
debt
at
one
billion
pounds
,
meaning
a
million
million
.
A
Victorian
newspaper
quoted
the
national
debt
at
one
billion
pounds
,
meaning
a
million
million
.
•
Students
of
economic
history
must
remember
that
a
British
billion
once
stood
for
10^12
.
Students
of
economic
history
must
remember
that
a
British
billion
once
stood
for
10^12
.
borrowed
from
French
and
used
on
the
long
scale
in
Britain
until
the
mid-20th
century
,
when
official
usage
shifted
to
the
short
scale
noun
(
dated
,
long
scale
)
the
number
1
000
000
000
000
(
one
million
million
)
•
In
Victorian
Britain
,
a
billion
represented
a
million
million
.
In
Victorian
Britain
,
a
billion
represented
a
million
million
.
•
An
1890s
economics
textbook
defines
a
billion
as
10¹²
.
An
1890s
economics
textbook
defines
a
billion
as
10¹²
.
From
French
“
billion
” (
million
million
).
Retained
this
value
in
British
English
until
the
late
20th
century
.
religion
noun
-
---
The
general
human
practice
of
believing
in
and
worshipping
a
god
,
gods
,
or
other
supernatural
powers
,
usually
with
shared
rituals
,
morals
,
and
stories
that
explain
life
’
s
meaning
.
•
Many
ancient
civilizations
built
temples
because
religion
played
a
central
role
in
their
daily
lives
.
Many
ancient
civilizations
built
temples
because
religion
played
a
central
role
in
their
daily
lives
.
•
Some
people
turn
to
religion
for
comfort
during
difficult
times
.
Some
people
turn
to
religion
for
comfort
during
difficult
times
.
From
Old
French
religion
,
from
Latin
religio
meaning
‘
reverence
,
obligation
,
worship
’,
of
uncertain
origin
.
noun
-
---
A
specific
organized
system
of
faith
and
worship
,
such
as
Christianity
,
Islam
,
or
Hinduism
.
•
Buddhism
is
a
religion
that
began
in
ancient
India
.
Buddhism
is
a
religion
that
began
in
ancient
India
.
•
Many
people
choose
a
religion
that
aligns
with
their
personal
values
.
Many
people
choose
a
religion
that
aligns
with
their
personal
values
.
noun
-
---
Any
activity
,
interest
,
or
habit
that
someone
follows
with
extreme
devotion
and
seriousness
,
almost
like
a
sacred
faith
.
•
For
Liam
,
football
is
a
religion
—
he
never
misses
a
match
.
For
Liam
,
football
is
a
religion
—
he
never
misses
a
match
.
•
Some
people
treat
healthy
eating
like
a
religion
,
carefully
following
strict
rules
.
Some
people
treat
healthy
eating
like
a
religion
,
carefully
following
strict
rules
.
communication
noun
the
act
of
sharing
information
,
ideas
,
or
feelings
with
other
people
so
they
can
understand
you
•
Good
communication
helps
teams
solve
problems
quickly
.
Good
communication
helps
teams
solve
problems
quickly
.
•
Babies
use
crying
as
their
first
form
of
communication
.
Babies
use
crying
as
their
first
form
of
communication
.
From
Latin
communicatio
meaning
‘
a
sharing
’
or
‘
imparting
’,
derived
from
communicare
‘
to
share
,
to
make
common
’.
noun
a
message
,
letter
,
email
,
or
other
piece
of
information
that
is
sent
from
one
person
or
place
to
another
•
We
received
an
urgent
communication
from
the
school
about
tomorrow's
schedule
.
We
received
an
urgent
communication
from
the
school
about
tomorrow's
schedule
.
•
The
scientist
published
a
brief
communication
in
the
journal
.
The
scientist
published
a
brief
communication
in
the
journal
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
communicatio
.
The
meaning
‘
message
’
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
.
communications
noun
the
systems
,
equipment
,
or
technology
used
for
sending
information
such
as
phone
,
radio
,
or
internet
•
The
company
invested
in
satellite
communications
to
reach
remote
areas
.
The
company
invested
in
satellite
communications
to
reach
remote
areas
.
•
The
army
relies
on
secure
communications
during
missions
.
The
army
relies
on
secure
communications
during
missions
.
The
plural
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
alongside
new
electric
and
radio
technologies
that
allowed
information
to
travel
long
distances
.
vision
noun
a
clear
idea
or
mental
picture
of
what
you
want
something
to
become
in
the
future
•
The
new
CEO
shared
his
vision
for
the
company
’
s
growth
.
The
new
CEO
shared
his
vision
for
the
company
’
s
growth
.
•
The
architect
’
s
bold
vision
turned
an
empty
lot
into
a
green
park
.
The
architect
’
s
bold
vision
turned
an
empty
lot
into
a
green
park
.
Extended
figurative
sense
of
“
vision
”
meaning
“
ability
to
plan
the
future
”
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
strange
or
magical
image
,
dream
,
or
experience
that
seems
to
come
from
another
world
•
The
prophet
spoke
of
a
vision
he
had
of
peace
.
The
prophet
spoke
of
a
vision
he
had
of
peace
.
•
In
her
dream
,
a
bright
vision
of
her
grandmother
comforted
her
.
In
her
dream
,
a
bright
vision
of
her
grandmother
comforted
her
.
Sense
of
“
supernatural
sight
”
recorded
in
English
since
the
13th
century
,
influenced
by
Biblical
Latin
visio
.
function
noun
the
job
or
purpose
that
something
has
or
is
made
to
do
•
The
main
function
of
a
refrigerator
is
to
keep
food
cold
.
The
main
function
of
a
refrigerator
is
to
keep
food
cold
.
•
A
smartphone
has
many
functions
,
including
taking
photos
and
browsing
the
web
.
A
smartphone
has
many
functions
,
including
taking
photos
and
browsing
the
web
.
From
Latin
“
functio
”
meaning
“
performance
,
execution
,”
derived
from
“
fungi
”
–
to
perform
.
noun
a
large
formal
social
event
such
as
a
party
,
ceremony
,
or
official
gathering
•
They
booked
a
hotel
ballroom
for
the
wedding
function
.
They
booked
a
hotel
ballroom
for
the
wedding
function
.
•
He
wore
a
tuxedo
to
the
charity
function
last
night
.
He
wore
a
tuxedo
to
the
charity
function
last
night
.
Sense
of
“
social
event
”
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
from
the
idea
of
people
meeting
to
perform
an
official
purpose
.
verb
-
function
,
functioning
,
functions
,
functioned
to
work
or
operate
in
the
correct
or
intended
way
•
After
the
repair
,
the
old
radio
finally
functioned
again
.
After
the
repair
,
the
old
radio
finally
functioned
again
.
•
Without
batteries
,
the
toy
car
cannot
function
.
Without
batteries
,
the
toy
car
cannot
function
.
Verb
sense
recorded
from
the
late
17th
century
,
from
the
noun
meaning
“
to
perform
a
duty
.”
noun
a
rule
in
mathematics
that
links
every
input
value
to
exactly
one
output
value
•
The
equation
y
=
2x
shows
a
linear
function
with
a
constant
slope
.
The
equation
y
=
2x
shows
a
linear
function
with
a
constant
slope
.
•
Students
plotted
the
quadratic
function
on
graph
paper
.
Students
plotted
the
quadratic
function
on
graph
paper
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
the
17th
century
by
Leibniz
to
describe
dependent
quantities
.
noun
a
named
block
of
computer
code
that
performs
a
specific
action
when
it
is
called
•
In
Python
,
the
"
print
()"
function
displays
text
on
the
screen
.
In
Python
,
the
"
print
()"
function
displays
text
on
the
screen
.
•
They
wrote
a
function
to
calculate
the
total
price
of
all
items
in
the
cart
.
They
wrote
a
function
to
calculate
the
total
price
of
all
items
in
the
cart
.
Borrowed
into
computing
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
extending
the
mathematical
sense
to
pieces
of
executable
code
.
connection
noun
the
link
that
allows
a
computer
or
device
to
communicate
with
the
internet
or
a
network
•
I
couldn
’
t
join
the
meeting
because
my
internet
connection
was
down
.
I
couldn
’
t
join
the
meeting
because
my
internet
connection
was
down
.
•
We
need
a
faster
connection
to
stream
high-definition
movies
.
We
need
a
faster
connection
to
stream
high-definition
movies
.
noun
a
relationship
or
link
between
people
,
ideas
,
or
things
•
There
is
a
strong
connection
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
There
is
a
strong
connection
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
•
The
twins
share
a
special
connection
that
is
hard
to
explain
.
The
twins
share
a
special
connection
that
is
hard
to
explain
.
From
Latin
“
connectere
”
meaning
“
to
bind
together
.”
noun
a
means
of
transferring
from
one
form
of
transport
to
another
during
a
journey
•
Our
flight
was
late
,
so
we
missed
our
connection
to
Tokyo
.
Our
flight
was
late
,
so
we
missed
our
connection
to
Tokyo
.
•
You
have
a
ten-minute
connection
at
Central
Station
—
hurry
!
You
have
a
ten-minute
connection
at
Central
Station
—
hurry
!
noun
a
point
where
two
parts
,
wires
,
or
pipes
are
joined
together
so
that
they
work
•
Check
the
cable
connection
if
the
lamp
won
’
t
turn
on
.
Check
the
cable
connection
if
the
lamp
won
’
t
turn
on
.
•
The
plumber
fixed
a
leaking
pipe
connection
under
the
sink
.
The
plumber
fixed
a
leaking
pipe
connection
under
the
sink
.
noun
a
person
you
know
who
can
give
help
,
information
,
or
opportunities
•
She
got
the
job
through
a
connection
at
the
company
.
She
got
the
job
through
a
connection
at
the
company
.
•
If
you
need
concert
tickets
,
I
have
a
connection
who
can
help
.
If
you
need
concert
tickets
,
I
have
a
connection
who
can
help
.
relation
noun
the
way
in
which
two
or
more
people
,
things
,
or
ideas
are
connected
•
There
is
a
close
relation
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
There
is
a
close
relation
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
•
Scientists
measured
the
relation
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
Scientists
measured
the
relation
between
temperature
and
pressure
in
the
experiment
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
relatio
“
bringing
back
,
connection
,”
from
referre
“
to
bring
back
.”
noun
a
person
who
is
part
of
your
family
by
blood
or
marriage
•
Is
Sarah
a
relation
of
yours
?
Is
Sarah
a
relation
of
yours
?
•
Many
of
my
relations
live
abroad
.
Many
of
my
relations
live
abroad
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
early
use
broadened
to
mean
a
person
connected
by
family
ties
.
noun
the
act
of
telling
or
describing
something
,
especially
in
detail
•
His
vivid
relation
of
the
battle
kept
the
audience
spellbound
.
His
vivid
relation
of
the
battle
kept
the
audience
spellbound
.
•
The
diary
provides
a
detailed
relation
of
her
journey
across
the
desert
.
The
diary
provides
a
detailed
relation
of
her
journey
across
the
desert
.
Borrowed
from
Late
Latin
relatio
meaning
“
telling
,
narration
,”
influenced
by
legal
and
historical
usage
.
protection
noun
the
act
of
keeping
someone
or
something
safe
from
harm
,
danger
,
or
damage
•
A
warm
winter
coat
gives
you
protection
from
the
cold
wind
.
A
warm
winter
coat
gives
you
protection
from
the
cold
wind
.
•
Vaccines
offer
protection
against
many
serious
illnesses
.
Vaccines
offer
protection
against
many
serious
illnesses
.
From
Latin
‘
prōtectiō
’
meaning
‘
a
covering
over
’,
formed
from
‘
prōtegere
’ ‘
to
cover
in
front
’.
noun
something
that
protects
,
such
as
a
device
,
material
,
or
person
used
to
keep
harm
away
•
She
wore
safety
goggles
as
protection
while
cutting
the
wood
.
She
wore
safety
goggles
as
protection
while
cutting
the
wood
.
•
We
used
mosquito
nets
for
protection
during
our
camping
trip
in
the
jungle
.
We
used
mosquito
nets
for
protection
during
our
camping
trip
in
the
jungle
.
noun
money
paid
to
criminals
so
that
they
will
not
harm
a
person
or
business
•
The
shopkeeper
paid
weekly
protection
to
the
local
gang
to
avoid
trouble
.
The
shopkeeper
paid
weekly
protection
to
the
local
gang
to
avoid
trouble
.
•
Police
arrested
three
men
running
a
protection
racket
downtown
.
Police
arrested
three
men
running
a
protection
racket
downtown
.
noun
condoms
or
other
barrier
methods
used
during
sex
to
prevent
pregnancy
or
disease
•
The
health
teacher
reminded
the
class
to
use
protection
to
prevent
diseases
.
The
health
teacher
reminded
the
class
to
use
protection
to
prevent
diseases
.
•
He
stopped
at
the
pharmacy
to
buy
protection
before
his
date
.
He
stopped
at
the
pharmacy
to
buy
protection
before
his
date
.
division
noun
the
act
of
separating
something
into
parts
or
the
state
of
being
separated
•
The
division
of
the
cake
into
equal
slices
made
everyone
happy
.
The
division
of
the
cake
into
equal
slices
made
everyone
happy
.
•
Mapmakers
rely
on
the
careful
division
of
land
into
regions
.
Mapmakers
rely
on
the
careful
division
of
land
into
regions
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
divisio
‘
a
dividing
’
from
dividere
‘
to
divide
’.
noun
a
separate
part
of
a
larger
organization
such
as
a
business
,
government
,
or
army
•
Maria
works
in
the
marketing
division
of
the
company
.
Maria
works
in
the
marketing
division
of
the
company
.
•
The
army
division
arrived
at
the
base
before
dawn
.
The
army
division
arrived
at
the
base
before
dawn
.
noun
disagreement
or
lack
of
unity
among
people
or
groups
•
Political
division
can
make
it
hard
for
laws
to
pass
.
Political
division
can
make
it
hard
for
laws
to
pass
.
•
There
was
a
clear
division
between
the
two
groups
of
friends
.
There
was
a
clear
division
between
the
two
groups
of
friends
.
noun
the
mathematical
operation
of
finding
how
many
times
one
number
is
contained
in
another
•
In
math
class
,
we
practiced
long
division
on
the
board
.
In
math
class
,
we
practiced
long
division
on
the
board
.
•
Children
learn
division
after
they
understand
multiplication
.
Children
learn
division
after
they
understand
multiplication
.
tradition
noun
the
passing
down
of
beliefs
,
customs
,
or
ways
of
doing
things
from
one
generation
to
the
next
•
According
to
ancient
tradition
,
the
villagers
float
paper
lanterns
down
the
river
at
dusk
.
According
to
ancient
tradition
,
the
villagers
float
paper
lanterns
down
the
river
at
dusk
.
•
Music
is
a
central
part
of
West
African
tradition
.
Music
is
a
central
part
of
West
African
tradition
.
From
Latin
‘
traditio
’
meaning
‘
a
handing
over
,
delivery
’,
derived
from
‘
tradere
’ ‘
to
hand
over
’.
noun
a
specific
custom
,
ritual
,
or
practice
that
a
group
or
person
regularly
follows
because
it
has
been
done
the
same
way
for
a
long
time
•
It
’
s
a
family
tradition
to
eat
pancakes
together
every
Sunday
morning
.
It
’
s
a
family
tradition
to
eat
pancakes
together
every
Sunday
morning
.
•
My
college
’
s
strangest
tradition
is
singing
the
school
song
on
the
library
steps
at
midnight
.
My
college
’
s
strangest
tradition
is
singing
the
school
song
on
the
library
steps
at
midnight
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
‘
traditio
’
meaning
‘
handing
over
’.
reaction
noun
something
you
do
,
say
,
or
feel
because
something
else
has
happened
or
been
said
•
When
she
heard
the
surprise
news
,
her
first
reaction
was
to
laugh
.
When
she
heard
the
surprise
news
,
her
first
reaction
was
to
laugh
.
•
The
dog's
quick
reaction
saved
it
from
the
falling
branch
.
The
dog's
quick
reaction
saved
it
from
the
falling
branch
.
from
French
réaction
,
from
Late
Latin
reactio
,
from
re-
back
+
actio
action
noun
a
process
in
which
one
or
more
substances
change
into
new
substances
•
Rust
forming
on
iron
is
a
slow
chemical
reaction
.
Rust
forming
on
iron
is
a
slow
chemical
reaction
.
•
The
science
teacher
mixed
vinegar
and
baking
soda
to
show
a
bubbling
reaction
.
The
science
teacher
mixed
vinegar
and
baking
soda
to
show
a
bubbling
reaction
.
extended
scientific
sense
recorded
in
the
17th
century
as
chemistry
developed
noun
a
force
equal
in
size
and
opposite
in
direction
to
another
force
•
When
you
push
on
the
wall
,
the
wall
pushes
back
with
an
equal
reaction
.
When
you
push
on
the
wall
,
the
wall
pushes
back
with
an
equal
reaction
.
•
A
rocket
moves
upward
because
the
exhaust
gases
create
a
downward
reaction
.
A
rocket
moves
upward
because
the
exhaust
gases
create
a
downward
reaction
.
physics
sense
formalized
in
the
17th
century
by
Isaac
Newton
noun
strong
opposition
to
social
or
political
change
,
favoring
traditional
ideas
•
The
new
law
met
fierce
reaction
from
conservative
groups
.
The
new
law
met
fierce
reaction
from
conservative
groups
.
•
History
shows
that
progressive
movements
often
face
equal
and
opposite
reaction
.
History
shows
that
progressive
movements
often
face
equal
and
opposite
reaction
.
political
sense
arose
in
the
early
19th
century
after
the
French
Revolution
to
describe
forces
resisting
change
commission
noun
an
official
group
of
people
chosen
to
study
,
manage
,
or
oversee
a
particular
matter
•
The
government
created
a
new
commission
to
examine
climate
policies
.
The
government
created
a
new
commission
to
examine
climate
policies
.
•
She
served
on
the
city
planning
commission
for
five
years
.
She
served
on
the
city
planning
commission
for
five
years
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
committere
‘
entrust
’.
noun
a
request
and
payment
for
someone
,
especially
an
artist
or
designer
,
to
create
a
specific
piece
of
work
•
The
museum
gave
the
sculptor
a
commission
for
a
bronze
statue
.
The
museum
gave
the
sculptor
a
commission
for
a
bronze
statue
.
•
Writing
the
opera
was
her
first
major
commission
.
Writing
the
opera
was
her
first
major
commission
.
The
sense
of
‘
order
for
a
work
of
art
’
appeared
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
to
formally
ask
someone
to
create
,
produce
,
or
do
a
piece
of
work
and
usually
pay
them
for
it
•
The
city
plans
to
commission
a
mural
for
the
subway
station
.
The
city
plans
to
commission
a
mural
for
the
subway
station
.
•
They
decided
to
commission
an
independent
study
on
air
quality
.
They
decided
to
commission
an
independent
study
on
air
quality
.
From
Old
French
commissionner
,
rooted
in
Latin
committere
‘
entrust
’.
expression
noun
a
word
or
group
of
words
that
has
a
particular
meaning
•
I
didn't
understand
the
expression
'{{{
class='hover
:
underline
'
href='/dictionary/search/hit
the
hit'>sack'>hit
the
sack
}}}'
until
I
looked
it
up
.
I
didn't
understand
the
expression
'{{{
class='hover
:
underline
'
href='/dictionary/search/hit
the
hit'>sack'>hit
the
sack
}}}'
until
I
looked
it
up
.
•
Please
avoid
slang
expressions
in
your
essay
.
Please
avoid
slang
expressions
in
your
essay
.
noun
the
act
of
showing
what
you
think
or
feel
through
words
,
art
,
or
actions
•
Painting
is
his
favorite
form
of
self-expression
.
Painting
is
his
favorite
form
of
self-expression
.
•
Her
smile
was
an
expression
of
gratitude
.
Her
smile
was
an
expression
of
gratitude
.
noun
the
look
on
someone
’
s
face
that
shows
what
they
are
thinking
or
feeling
•
Her
puzzled
expression
made
me
laugh
.
Her
puzzled
expression
made
me
laugh
.
•
With
a
stern
expression
,
the
coach
called
the
team
together
.
With
a
stern
expression
,
the
coach
called
the
team
together
.
noun
a
combination
of
numbers
,
symbols
,
or
words
that
represents
a
value
or
calculation
in
mathematics
or
computing
•
Solve
the
algebraic
expression
2x
+
5
.
Solve
the
algebraic
expression
2x
+
5
.
•
In
JavaScript
,
an
expression
can
return
a
value
.
In
JavaScript
,
an
expression
can
return
a
value
.
noun
the
process
by
which
information
from
a
gene
is
used
to
create
a
protein
or
trait
in
a
living
organism
•
Scientists
studied
gene expression
in
cancer
cells
.
Scientists
studied
gene expression
in
cancer
cells
.
•
Proper
nutrition
can
affect
the
expression
of
certain
genes
.
Proper
nutrition
can
affect
the
expression
of
certain
genes
.
noun
the
act
of
squeezing
or
pressing
something
to
force
out
liquid
such
as
juice
or
oil
•
The
chef
used
a
press
for
the
expression
of
lemon
juice
.
The
chef
used
a
press
for
the
expression
of
lemon
juice
.
•
Olive
expression
produces
high-quality
oil
.
Olive
expression
produces
high-quality
oil
.
session
noun
a
period
of
time
set
aside
for
a
particular
activity
such
as
learning
,
training
,
or
working
•
The
coach
scheduled
an
extra
session
for
the
team
on
Saturday
morning
.
The
coach
scheduled
an
extra
session
for
the
team
on
Saturday
morning
.
•
After
dinner
,
Mia
began
a
short
study
session
to
review
her
notes
for
the
exam
.
After
dinner
,
Mia
began
a
short
study
session
to
review
her
notes
for
the
exam
.
From
Latin
sessiō
‘
a
sitting
’,
from
sedēre
‘
to
sit
’.
noun
an
official
meeting
of
a
court
,
parliament
,
or
other
formal
body
•
Parliament
will
open
its
new
session
next
week
.
Parliament
will
open
its
new
session
next
week
.
•
The
judge
declared
a
brief
recess
during
the
afternoon
court
session
.
The
judge
declared
a
brief
recess
during
the
afternoon
court
session
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
,
extended
to
formal
gatherings
where
members
‘
sit
’
together
.
noun
the
period
during
which
a
user
stays
connected
to
a
computer
system
or
website
•
For
security
,
the
banking
app
ends
your
session
after
ten
minutes
of
inactivity
.
For
security
,
the
banking
app
ends
your
session
after
ten
minutes
of
inactivity
.
•
Cookies
help
websites
remember
a
user
’
s
session
data
.
Cookies
help
websites
remember
a
user
’
s
session
data
.
Adopted
by
computer
science
in
the
1960s
,
using
the
idea
of
a
limited
‘
sitting
’
of
interaction
between
person
and
machine
.
noun
a
block
of
time
when
musicians
record
or
rehearse
together
in
a
studio
•
The
band
booked
an
evening
session
to
record
their
new
single
.
The
band
booked
an
evening
session
to
record
their
new
single
.
•
During
the
drum
session
,
the
producer
asked
for
a
tighter
rhythm
.
During
the
drum
session
,
the
producer
asked
for
a
tighter
rhythm
.
Extended
from
Sense
1
in
the
20th
century
to
describe
time
blocks
in
music
production
.
competition
noun
a
contest
or
event
in
which
people
or
teams
try
to
win
a
prize
•
Maria
entered
a
cooking
competition
at
the
local
fair
.
Maria
entered
a
cooking
competition
at
the
local
fair
.
•
The
city
hosts
an
annual
music
competition
for
young
talent
.
The
city
hosts
an
annual
music
competition
for
young
talent
.
noun
the
activity
or
situation
of
trying
to
be
better
than
other
people
or
groups
in
order
to
win
or
get
something
you
want
•
Our
company
faces
tough
competition
from
overseas
brands
.
Our
company
faces
tough
competition
from
overseas
brands
.
•
There
is
friendly
competition
between
the
two
sisters
when
they
play
chess
after
school
.
There
is
friendly
competition
between
the
two
sisters
when
they
play
chess
after
school
.
Borrowed
in
the
early
1600s
from
Latin
competitio
“
rivalry
,
contest
,”
from
competere
“
to
strive
together
.”
noun
the
people
or
groups
you
are
trying
to
beat
in
a
contest
,
business
,
or
other
activity
•
The
competition
was
well
prepared
,
so
we
had
to
work
hard
to
stand
out
.
The
competition
was
well
prepared
,
so
we
had
to
work
hard
to
stand
out
.
•
She
studied
the
competition
before
launching
her
product
online
.
She
studied
the
competition
before
launching
her
product
online
.
noun
the
struggle
between
living
things
for
the
same
limited
resources
such
as
food
,
water
,
or
space
•
In
the
forest
,
there
is
intense
competition
for
sunlight
among
tall
trees
.
In
the
forest
,
there
is
intense
competition
for
sunlight
among
tall
trees
.
•
The
introduction
of
rabbits
increased
competition
for
grass
with
native
species
.
The
introduction
of
rabbits
increased
competition
for
grass
with
native
species
.
participate
verb
-
participate
,
participating
,
participates
,
participated
to
take
part
in
an
activity
,
event
,
or
situation
with
other
people
•
All
the
students
agreed
to
participate
in
the
science
fair
.
All
the
students
agreed
to
participate
in
the
science
fair
.
•
If
you
want
to
participate
,
please
sign
up
before
Friday
.
If
you
want
to
participate
,
please
sign
up
before
Friday
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
participat-
‘
shared
in
’,
from
participare
‘
share
in
’,
from
pars
,
part-
‘
part
’
+
capere
‘
take
’.
verb
-
participate
,
participating
,
participates
,
participated
to
share
in
or
possess
a
part
of
a
quality
,
characteristic
,
or
element
•
The
novel
participates
in
both
comedy
and
tragedy
.
The
novel
participates
in
both
comedy
and
tragedy
.
•
Her
speech
participated
in
the
optimism
of
the
era
.
Her
speech
participated
in
the
optimism
of
the
era
.
Same
origin
as
the
common
sense
:
from
Latin
participare
“
share
in
”,
emphasizing
the
idea
of
possessing
a
portion
of
something
.
conclusion
noun
the
end
or
final
part
of
something
such
as
an
event
,
story
,
meeting
,
or
process
•
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
•
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
‘
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
’.
noun
a
judgment
,
opinion
,
or
decision
reached
after
careful
thought
or
investigation
•
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
•
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
‘
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
’.
noun
in
logic
,
the
statement
that
logically
follows
from
the
premises
of
an
argument
•
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
•
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
Adopted
in
the
14th
century
into
scholastic
logic
from
Medieval
Latin
conclusio
,
denoting
the
end
statement
of
a
syllogism
.
regulation
noun
an
official
rule
made
by
a
government
,
organization
,
or
other
authority
that
tells
people
what
they
must
or
must
not
do
•
The
government
introduced
a
new
regulation
requiring
restaurants
to
list
calorie
counts
on
menus
.
The
government
introduced
a
new
regulation
requiring
restaurants
to
list
calorie
counts
on
menus
.
•
Safety
regulations
demand
that
all
workers
wear
hard
hats
on
the
construction
site
.
Safety
regulations
demand
that
all
workers
wear
hard
hats
on
the
construction
site
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
regulatio
’
meaning
‘
direction
,
rule
’,
from
‘
regula
’ ‘
rule
’.
instruction
noun
a
statement
telling
someone
what
to
do
or
how
to
do
something
•
The
teacher
gave
clear
instructions
on
how
to
solve
the
math
problem
.
The
teacher
gave
clear
instructions
on
how
to
solve
the
math
problem
.
•
Follow
the
assembly
instructions
carefully
,
or
the
bookshelf
may
fall
apart
.
Follow
the
assembly
instructions
carefully
,
or
the
bookshelf
may
fall
apart
.
noun
the
act
or
practice
of
teaching
or
providing
knowledge
•
All
new
employees
receive
safety
instruction
before
starting
work
on
the
factory
floor
.
All
new
employees
receive
safety
instruction
before
starting
work
on
the
factory
floor
.
•
Good
language
instruction
includes
plenty
of
speaking
practice
.
Good
language
instruction
includes
plenty
of
speaking
practice
.
noun
a
single
operation
that
a
computer's
processor
can
perform
•
The
CPU
executes
millions
of
instructions
per
second
.
The
CPU
executes
millions
of
instructions
per
second
.
•
A
loop
repeats
the
same
instruction
until
the
condition
is
false
.
A
loop
repeats
the
same
instruction
until
the
condition
is
false
.
intervention
noun
the
act
of
deliberately
becoming
involved
in
a
situation
so
as
to
change
what
is
happening
or
to
stop
something
from
going
wrong
•
The
teacher
’
s
quick
intervention
stopped
the
argument
before
it
grew
worse
.
The
teacher
’
s
quick
intervention
stopped
the
argument
before
it
grew
worse
.
•
Without
outside
intervention
,
the
small
company
would
have
gone
bankrupt
.
Without
outside
intervention
,
the
small
company
would
have
gone
bankrupt
.
From
Latin
intervenire
‘
come
between
’,
from
inter
‘
between
’
+
venire
‘
come
’.
noun
action
by
a
government
or
central
bank
to
influence
an
economy
,
market
,
or
currency
•
The
central
bank
’
s
currency
intervention
stabilized
exchange
rates
.
The
central
bank
’
s
currency
intervention
stabilized
exchange
rates
.
•
Farmers
opposed
government
price
intervention
in
the
wheat
market
.
Farmers
opposed
government
price
intervention
in
the
wheat
market
.
noun
a
planned
meeting
where
friends
or
family
confront
someone
about
harmful
behavior
and
urge
them
to
get
help
•
The
family
staged
an
intervention
to
persuade
Tom
to
seek
treatment
for
his
drinking
.
The
family
staged
an
intervention
to
persuade
Tom
to
seek
treatment
for
his
drinking
.
•
A
counselor
helped
organize
the
intervention
so
everyone
could
speak
calmly
.
A
counselor
helped
organize
the
intervention
so
everyone
could
speak
calmly
.
noun
a
medical
treatment
or
procedure
intended
to
improve
health
or
alter
the
course
of
a
disease
•
Surgery
was
considered
the
only
effective
intervention
for
the
damaged
heart
valve
.
Surgery
was
considered
the
only
effective
intervention
for
the
damaged
heart
valve
.
•
Early
nutritional
intervention
can
prevent
complications
in
premature
babies
.
Early
nutritional
intervention
can
prevent
complications
in
premature
babies
.
noun
in
law
,
the
action
of
a
third
party
entering
an
ongoing
lawsuit
to
protect
its
own
interests
•
The
environmental
group
filed
an
intervention
in
the
court
case
against
the
oil
company
.
The
environmental
group
filed
an
intervention
in
the
court
case
against
the
oil
company
.
•
Judges
may
deny
an
intervention
if
it
would
delay
the
proceedings
.
Judges
may
deny
an
intervention
if
it
would
delay
the
proceedings
.
construction
noun
the
act
or
process
of
building
something
,
especially
large
structures
such
as
houses
,
bridges
,
or
roads
•
The
construction
of
the
new
playground
made
the
children
excited
.
The
construction
of
the
new
playground
made
the
children
excited
.
•
Noise
from
the
late-night
construction
kept
the
neighbors
awake
.
Noise
from
the
late-night
construction
kept
the
neighbors
awake
.
From
Latin
“
constructio
”
meaning
“
a
building
up
”.
noun
the
business
or
line
of
work
that
involves
building
structures
•
After
school
,
he
got
a
job
in
construction
to
earn
money
.
After
school
,
he
got
a
job
in
construction
to
earn
money
.
•
Safety
glasses
are
essential
for
anyone
working
in
construction
.
Safety
glasses
are
essential
for
anyone
working
in
construction
.
noun
a
building
or
other
structure
that
has
been
made
•
The
glass
construction
gleamed
in
the
morning
sun
.
The
glass
construction
gleamed
in
the
morning
sun
.
•
That
temporary
construction
will
be
removed
after
the
festival
.
That
temporary
construction
will
be
removed
after
the
festival
.
noun
the
way
in
which
words
or
phrases
are
arranged
to
make
a
sentence
or
expression
•
'What
time
is
it
?
'
is
a
simple
question
construction
.
'What
time
is
it
?
'
is
a
simple
question
construction
.
•
Passive
voice
constructions
can
make
writing
less
direct
.
Passive
voice
constructions
can
make
writing
less
direct
.
noun
the
act
of
interpreting
the
meaning
of
a
written
text
or
law
•
Courts
follow
a
strict
construction
of
the
constitution
.
Courts
follow
a
strict
construction
of
the
constitution
.
•
Different
judges
offered
different
constructions
of
the
contract
.
Different
judges
offered
different
constructions
of
the
contract
.
definition
noun
a
statement
that
explains
the
exact
meaning
of
a
word
,
phrase
,
or
symbol
•
The
teacher
asked
each
student
to
write
a
clear
definition
of
the
term
“
photosynthesis
.”
The
teacher
asked
each
student
to
write
a
clear
definition
of
the
term
“
photosynthesis
.”
•
I
looked
up
the
definition
of
“
culture
”
in
the
dictionary
.
I
looked
up
the
definition
of
“
culture
”
in
the
dictionary
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
definitio
(
n-
) ‘
setting
of
boundaries
,
definition
’,
from
definire
‘
to
set
bounds
’.
constitution
noun
the
written
or
unwritten
set
of
fundamental
laws
and
principles
that
describes
how
a
country
,
state
,
or
organization
is
governed
•
Law
students
compared
the
American
constitution
with
the
French
one
for
their
assignment
.
Law
students
compared
the
American
constitution
with
the
French
one
for
their
assignment
.
•
After
independence
,
the
new
nation
drafted
a
constitution
to
protect
human
rights
.
After
independence
,
the
new
nation
drafted
a
constitution
to
protect
human
rights
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
constitutio
(
n-
) ‘
settling
,
established
order
’,
from
constituere
‘
set
up
’.
noun
a
person
’
s
general
state
of
physical
health
,
strength
,
and
vitality
•
Despite
her
age
,
Grandma
still
has
a
strong
constitution
.
Despite
her
age
,
Grandma
still
has
a
strong
constitution
.
•
The
doctor
said
his
weak
constitution
made
him
prone
to
colds
.
The
doctor
said
his
weak
constitution
made
him
prone
to
colds
.
Meaning
“
physical
makeup
or
health
”
appeared
in
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
medical
Latin
uses
of
constitutio
‘
arrangement
of
the
body
’.
noun
the
physical
makeup
,
structure
,
or
composition
of
something
•
Scientists
studied
the
chemical
constitution
of
the
new
alloy
.
Scientists
studied
the
chemical
constitution
of
the
new
alloy
.
•
The
committee
discussed
the
ideal
constitution
of
the
advisory
board
.
The
committee
discussed
the
ideal
constitution
of
the
advisory
board
.
Sense
of
“
make-up
,
composition
”
dates
to
the
17th
century
,
extended
figuratively
from
the
earlier
political
sense
.
abortion
noun
the
deliberate
ending
of
a
pregnancy
so
that
it
does
not
result
in
the
birth
of
a
baby
•
After
learning
about
health
risks
,
Maria
chose
to
have
an
abortion
early
in
the
first
trimester
.
After
learning
about
health
risks
,
Maria
chose
to
have
an
abortion
early
in
the
first
trimester
.
•
The
law
in
their
state
allows
abortion
up
to
12
weeks
of
pregnancy
.
The
law
in
their
state
allows
abortion
up
to
12
weeks
of
pregnancy
.
From
Latin
abortiō
‘
miscarriage
’,
from
aborīrī
‘
to
miscarry
’.
noun
the
natural
ending
of
a
pregnancy
before
the
fetus
can
survive
,
also
called
a
miscarriage
•
The
ultrasound
confirmed
a
spontaneous
abortion
before
ten
weeks
.
The
ultrasound
confirmed
a
spontaneous
abortion
before
ten
weeks
.
•
Genetic
issues
can
sometimes
lead
to
abortion
in
early
pregnancy
.
Genetic
issues
can
sometimes
lead
to
abortion
in
early
pregnancy
.
noun
the
act
of
stopping
something
,
such
as
a
plan
,
project
,
or
launch
,
before
it
is
completed
•
A
wiring
fault
forced
the
abortion
of
the
rocket
launch
.
A
wiring
fault
forced
the
abortion
of
the
rocket
launch
.
•
Budget
cuts
led
to
the
sudden
abortion
of
the
housing
project
.
Budget
cuts
led
to
the
sudden
abortion
of
the
housing
project
.
convention
noun
a
large
meeting
where
people
with
a
shared
interest
gather
to
discuss
ideas
and
enjoy
events
•
Thousands
of
comic
book
fans
filled
the
exhibition
hall
for
the
annual
convention
.
Thousands
of
comic
book
fans
filled
the
exhibition
hall
for
the
annual
convention
.
•
At
the
medical
convention
,
leading
surgeons
presented
their
latest
breakthroughs
.
At
the
medical
convention
,
leading
surgeons
presented
their
latest
breakthroughs
.
noun
a
traditional
way
of
behaving
or
doing
something
that
most
people
in
a
society
accept
•
By
social
convention
,
guests
usually
bring
a
gift
to
a
wedding
.
By
social
convention
,
guests
usually
bring
a
gift
to
a
wedding
.
•
He
ignored
every
grammatical
convention
in
his
short
email
.
He
ignored
every
grammatical
convention
in
his
short
email
.
noun
a
formal
agreement
between
countries
on
a
specific
matter
•
Several
nations
signed
a
convention
to
protect
endangered
sea
turtles
.
Several
nations
signed
a
convention
to
protect
endangered
sea
turtles
.
•
The
Paris
Convention
sets
important
standards
for
industrial
property
rights
.
The
Paris
Convention
sets
important
standards
for
industrial
property
rights
.
expectation
noun
the
strong
feeling
or
belief
that
something
will
happen
or
be
true
in
the
future
•
With
high
expectation
,
the
crowd
waited
for
the
fireworks
to
begin
.
With
high
expectation
,
the
crowd
waited
for
the
fireworks
to
begin
.
•
She
tore
open
the
envelope
in
eager
expectation
of
good
news
.
She
tore
open
the
envelope
in
eager
expectation
of
good
news
.
from
Latin
exspectātiō
(“
a
waiting
for
”),
from
exspectāre
“
to
look
out
for
,
await
”.
noun
a
standard
or
level
of
performance
or
behaviour
that
people
believe
someone
should
meet
•
Parents
often
have
high
expectations
of
their
children
.
Parents
often
have
high
expectations
of
their
children
.
•
The
coach
made
his
expectations
clear
before
the
first
practice
.
The
coach
made
his
expectations
clear
before
the
first
practice
.
noun
in
statistics
,
the
average
value
of
a
random
variable
,
found
by
weighting
every
possible
result
by
its
probability
•
The
expectation
of
a
fair
six-sided
die
is
3
.
5
.
The
expectation
of
a
fair
six-sided
die
is
3
.
5
.
•
Economists
estimate
the
expectation
of
future
inflation
using
complex
models
.
Economists
estimate
the
expectation
of
future
inflation
using
complex
models
.
corporation
noun
a
large
company
that
the
law
treats
as
a
single
organization
,
separate
from
the
people
who
own
or
run
it
•
Mia
was
thrilled
when
she
landed
a
job
at
a
corporation
that
designs
electric
cars
.
Mia
was
thrilled
when
she
landed
a
job
at
a
corporation
that
designs
electric
cars
.
•
The
corporation
announced
that
it
would
open
new
factories
and
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
The
corporation
announced
that
it
would
open
new
factories
and
create
hundreds
of
jobs
.
From
Latin
corporātiō
(“
a
group
of
people
united
in
one
body
”),
from
corpus
(“
body
”).
noun
humorous
old-fashioned
word
for
a
large
round
stomach
•
Uncle
Joe
patted
his
growing
corporation
after
the
big
holiday
meal
.
Uncle
Joe
patted
his
growing
corporation
after
the
big
holiday
meal
.
•
He
blamed
his
corporation
on
a
love
of
pastries
and
a
dislike
of
exercise
.
He
blamed
his
corporation
on
a
love
of
pastries
and
a
dislike
of
exercise
.
Playful
extension
of
the
main
sense
,
joking
that
a
person
’
s
body
has
incorporated
a
large
amount
of
food
into
one
“
company
.”
noun
in
British
law
in
the
past
,
an
officially
recognized
group
of
people
chosen
to
govern
a
town
or
city
•
Until
the
reforms
of
the
19th
century
,
the
corporation
of
Bristol
had
the
power
to
set
local
taxes
.
Until
the
reforms
of
the
19th
century
,
the
corporation
of
Bristol
had
the
power
to
set
local
taxes
.
•
The
town
’
s
medieval
charter
granted
its
corporation
exclusive
rights
to
run
the
weekly
market
.
The
town
’
s
medieval
charter
granted
its
corporation
exclusive
rights
to
run
the
weekly
market
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
the
commercial
sense
;
this
meaning
developed
in
medieval
England
for
town
governments
incorporated
by
royal
charter
.
interaction
noun
the
act
of
people
communicating
or
doing
things
together
so
that
they
influence
one
another
•
The
teacher
encouraged
more
interaction
between
students
during
group
projects
.
The
teacher
encouraged
more
interaction
between
students
during
group
projects
.
•
After
moving
abroad
,
daily
interaction
with
locals
helped
him
learn
the
language
faster
.
After
moving
abroad
,
daily
interaction
with
locals
helped
him
learn
the
language
faster
.
From
Latin
inter-
(“
between
”)
+
actio
(“
doing
,
action
”),
meaning
things
that
act
upon
each
other
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
two
or
more
things
affect
and
change
each
other
•
The
doctor
warned
that
the
interaction
between
the
two
medicines
could
cause
dizziness
.
The
doctor
warned
that
the
interaction
between
the
two
medicines
could
cause
dizziness
.
•
Scientists
are
studying
the
interaction
of
climate
and
ocean
currents
.
Scientists
are
studying
the
interaction
of
climate
and
ocean
currents
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
,
with
scientific
use
expanding
in
the
1800s
as
experimental
chemistry
grew
.
noun
in
physics
,
one
of
the
fundamental
forces
that
act
between
particles
or
fields
•
The
electromagnetic
interaction
holds
electrons
around
the
nucleus
.
The
electromagnetic
interaction
holds
electrons
around
the
nucleus
.
•
Gravity
is
the
weakest
fundamental
interaction
,
but
it
shapes
the
universe
.
Gravity
is
the
weakest
fundamental
interaction
,
but
it
shapes
the
universe
.
Adopted
in
modern
physics
in
the
20th
century
to
describe
the
four
forces
forming
the
Standard
Model
.
contribution
noun
Something
such
as
money
,
help
,
or
ideas
that
you
willingly
give
to
a
person
,
group
,
or
cause
so
they
can
reach
a
goal
.
•
Each
guest
put
a
small
contribution
into
the
charity
box
at
the
door
.
Each
guest
put
a
small
contribution
into
the
charity
box
at
the
door
.
•
The
villagers
’
joint
contribution
paid
for
a
new
well
in
the
dry
season
.
The
villagers
’
joint
contribution
paid
for
a
new
well
in
the
dry
season
.
From
Latin
'contributio'
meaning
'a
bringing
together'
,
from
'contribuere'
(
'con-'
together
+
'tribuere'
give
).
noun
The
part
played
by
a
person
or
thing
in
producing
or
achieving
a
result
;
something
that
helps
to
make
something
happen
or
be
better
.
•
Ada
Lovelace
’
s
contribution
to
computing
laid
the
groundwork
for
modern
programming
.
Ada
Lovelace
’
s
contribution
to
computing
laid
the
groundwork
for
modern
programming
.
•
Regular
exercise
makes
a
huge
contribution
to
good
mental
health
.
Regular
exercise
makes
a
huge
contribution
to
good
mental
health
.
noun
A
piece
of
writing
,
artwork
,
or
other
material
that
someone
sends
to
be
published
or
included
in
a
collection
,
meeting
,
or
event
.
•
Her
short
story
was
accepted
as
a
contribution
to
the
school
magazine
.
Her
short
story
was
accepted
as
a
contribution
to
the
school
magazine
.
•
The
artist
’
s
only
contribution
to
the
exhibition
was
a
vivid
watercolor
of
the
harbor
.
The
artist
’
s
only
contribution
to
the
exhibition
was
a
vivid
watercolor
of
the
harbor
.
noun
A
regular
payment
you
must
make
to
a
government
or
official
fund
,
especially
for
social
security
,
pension
,
or
insurance
.
•
Employees
’
National
Insurance
contribution
rates
rose
this
year
.
Employees
’
National
Insurance
contribution
rates
rose
this
year
.
•
Her
pension
contribution
is
automatically
taken
from
her
salary
each
month
.
Her
pension
contribution
is
automatically
taken
from
her
salary
each
month
.
notion
noun
an
idea
,
belief
,
or
understanding
about
something
.
•
Ella
had
no
notion
of
how
difficult
the
hike
would
be
.
Ella
had
no
notion
of
how
difficult
the
hike
would
be
.
•
The
notion
that
the
Earth
is
flat
has
been
disproved
for
centuries
.
The
notion
that
the
Earth
is
flat
has
been
disproved
for
centuries
.
From
Latin
nōtiō
‘
a
becoming
acquainted
,
idea
’,
from
nōtus
‘
known
’.
noun
a
sudden
desire
or
impulse
to
do
something
.
•
I
woke
up
with
a
notion
to
bake
cookies
for
everyone
.
I
woke
up
with
a
notion
to
bake
cookies
for
everyone
.
•
He
suddenly
got
the
notion
to
call
his
childhood
friend
.
He
suddenly
got
the
notion
to
call
his
childhood
friend
.
Extension
of
the
older
sense
“
idea
”
to
mean
an
idea
that
prompts
immediate
action
.
noun
a
small
,
useful
item
used
in
sewing
,
such
as
a
button
,
pin
,
or
thread
.
•
The
craft
store
has
an
aisle
devoted
to
sewing
notions
.
The
craft
store
has
an
aisle
devoted
to
sewing
notions
.
•
She
keeps
her
notions
organized
in
a
clear
plastic
box
.
She
keeps
her
notions
organized
in
a
clear
plastic
box
.
In
U
.
S
.
trade
catalogs
of
the
18th–19th
centuries
, ‘
notions
’
referred
to
inexpensive
small
articles
sold
by
traveling
peddlers
,
later
narrowing
to
sewing
supplies
.
explanation
noun
a
statement
or
set
of
statements
that
makes
something
clear
or
easy
to
understand
•
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
The
teacher
gave
a
clear
explanation
of
the
math
problem
.
•
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
The
video
offered
an
animated
explanation
of
how
volcanoes
form
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
noun
a
reason
or
justification
given
for
something
that
has
happened
or
been
done
•
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
Lena's
only
explanation
for
being
late
was
that
the
bus
had
broken
down
.
•
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
The
manager
demanded
an
explanation
for
the
sudden
drop
in
sales
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
explanatio
(
n-
),
from
explanare
‘
make
plain
’.
perception
noun
the
ability
to
notice
or
become
aware
of
things
through
sight
,
hearing
,
touch
,
taste
,
or
smell
•
A
cat's
sharp
night
vision
gives
it
excellent
perception
in
the
dark
.
A
cat's
sharp
night
vision
gives
it
excellent
perception
in
the
dark
.
•
After
the
lights
went
out
,
her
sense
of
touch
became
key
to
her
perception
of
the
room
.
After
the
lights
went
out
,
her
sense
of
touch
became
key
to
her
perception
of
the
room
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
perceptio
’
meaning
‘
receiving
,
understanding
’,
from
‘
percipere
’ ‘
to
seize
,
understand
’.
noun
the
way
you
understand
or
think
about
something
;
an
opinion
or
belief
formed
in
your
mind
•
Media
coverage
can
shape
the
public's
perception
of
a
political
candidate
.
Media
coverage
can
shape
the
public's
perception
of
a
political
candidate
.
•
Traveling
abroad
changed
his
perception
of
other
cultures
.
Traveling
abroad
changed
his
perception
of
other
cultures
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
perceptio
’
meaning
‘
receiving
,
understanding
’,
from
‘
percipere
’ ‘
to
seize
,
understand
’.
emotion
noun
a
strong
feeling
such
as
happiness
,
anger
,
or
fear
that
you
have
in
response
to
something
that
happens
or
that
you
think
about
•
The
little
boy
could
not
hide
his
emotion
when
he
opened
the
gift
.
The
little
boy
could
not
hide
his
emotion
when
he
opened
the
gift
.
•
He
tried
to
control
his
emotions
during
the
interview
.
He
tried
to
control
his
emotions
during
the
interview
.
noun
feelings
in
general
,
considered
as
one
side
of
human
nature
,
as
different
from
thought
or
reason
•
Music
can
speak
to
emotion
more
powerfully
than
words
.
Music
can
speak
to
emotion
more
powerfully
than
words
.
•
He
decided
to
trust
logic
over
emotion
in
making
the
choice
.
He
decided
to
trust
logic
over
emotion
in
making
the
choice
.
noun
strong
feeling
that
is
shown
in
someone's
voice
,
face
,
or
behaviour
•
There
was
real
emotion
in
her
voice
as
she
thanked
the
crowd
.
There
was
real
emotion
in
her
voice
as
she
thanked
the
crowd
.
•
His
painting
is
full
of
emotion
.
His
painting
is
full
of
emotion
.
revolution
noun
a
sudden
and
complete
change
of
government
or
political
system
,
usually
brought
about
by
the
people
through
protest
,
rebellion
,
or
force
•
The
French
revolution
of
1789
changed
the
course
of
European
history
.
The
French
revolution
of
1789
changed
the
course
of
European
history
.
•
After
years
of
oppression
,
the
people
finally
staged
a
revolution
and
toppled
the
dictator
.
After
years
of
oppression
,
the
people
finally
staged
a
revolution
and
toppled
the
dictator
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
from
late
Latin
revolutio
(
n-
),
from
revolvere
‘
roll
back
,
turn
over
’.
noun
a
very
great
and
fast
change
in
ideas
,
methods
,
or
technology
that
completely
transforms
a
field
or
way
of
life
•
The
digital
revolution
transformed
how
we
communicate
.
The
digital
revolution
transformed
how
we
communicate
.
•
Some
experts
say
that
artificial
intelligence
will
spark
the
next
revolution
in
medicine
.
Some
experts
say
that
artificial
intelligence
will
spark
the
next
revolution
in
medicine
.
noun
one
complete
orbit
that
a
planet
,
moon
,
or
other
object
makes
around
another
body
in
space
•
The
Earth's
revolution
around
the
Sun
takes
about
365
days
.
The
Earth's
revolution
around
the
Sun
takes
about
365
days
.
•
A
comet's
long
,
elliptical
revolution
can
take
hundreds
of
years
.
A
comet's
long
,
elliptical
revolution
can
take
hundreds
of
years
.
noun
one
complete
turn
of
an
object
around
its
own
center
or
axis
•
The
engine
runs
at
3
,
000
revolutions
per
minute
.
The
engine
runs
at
3
,
000
revolutions
per
minute
.
•
One
full
revolution
of
the
wheel
moves
the
bike
forward
by
two
meters
.
One
full
revolution
of
the
wheel
moves
the
bike
forward
by
two
meters
.
legislation
noun
a
law
or
set
of
laws
that
has
been
officially
made
•
Parliament
passed
tough
new
legislation
on
cybercrime
.
Parliament
passed
tough
new
legislation
on
cybercrime
.
•
This
piece
of
legislation
limits
the
sale
of
single-use
plastics
.
This
piece
of
legislation
limits
the
sale
of
single-use
plastics
.
Same
origin
as
the
process
sense
:
from
Latin
roots
meaning
‘
law
bringing
’.
opposition
noun
resistance
or
disagreement
towards
an
idea
,
action
,
or
plan
•
Local
residents
voiced
fierce
opposition
to
the
plan
to
cut
down
the
old
oak
trees
.
Local
residents
voiced
fierce
opposition
to
the
plan
to
cut
down
the
old
oak
trees
.
•
The
students'
opposition
forced
the
school
to
reconsider
the
dress
code
policy
.
The
students'
opposition
forced
the
school
to
reconsider
the
dress
code
policy
.
From
Latin
oppositiō
,
meaning
“
a
placing
against
”.
noun
the
political
party
or
group
that
is
not
in
power
and
seeks
to
challenge
or
replace
the
government
•
The
opposition
accused
the
prime
minister
of
ignoring
rising
prices
.
The
opposition
accused
the
prime
minister
of
ignoring
rising
prices
.
•
After
losing
the
election
,
the
party
moved
into
opposition
.
After
losing
the
election
,
the
party
moved
into
opposition
.
noun
the
person
or
team
you
are
competing
against
in
sports
or
a
contest
•
Our
basketball
coach
studied
the
opposition
before
the
big
game
.
Our
basketball
coach
studied
the
opposition
before
the
big
game
.
•
The
runner
glanced
back
to
see
how
close
the
opposition
was
.
The
runner
glanced
back
to
see
how
close
the
opposition
was
.
noun
in
astronomy
,
the
position
of
a
planet
when
it
is
directly
opposite
the
Sun
in
the
sky
as
seen
from
Earth
•
Mars
will
reach
opposition
next
month
,
glowing
bright
orange
all
night
.
Mars
will
reach
opposition
next
month
,
glowing
bright
orange
all
night
.
•
During
opposition
,
Saturn's
rings
appear
especially
vivid
through
a
small
telescope
.
During
opposition
,
Saturn's
rings
appear
especially
vivid
through
a
small
telescope
.
addition
noun
the
mathematical
process
of
putting
numbers
or
amounts
together
to
find
their
total
•
In
his
first
math
lesson
,
Leo
learned
that
2
+
3
=
5
is
a
simple
addition
.
In
his
first
math
lesson
,
Leo
learned
that
2
+
3
=
5
is
a
simple
addition
.
•
The
teacher
wrote
an
addition
problem
on
the
board
for
the
class
to
solve
.
The
teacher
wrote
an
addition
problem
on
the
board
for
the
class
to
solve
.
From
Latin
additiō
(“
a
putting
to
”),
from
addere
(“
to
add
”).
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
added
to
an
existing
group
,
place
,
or
thing
•
The
newborn
puppy
was
a
joyful
addition
to
the
family
.
The
newborn
puppy
was
a
joyful
addition
to
the
family
.
•
Our
team
’
s
latest
addition
is
a
skilled
graphic
designer
.
Our
team
’
s
latest
addition
is
a
skilled
graphic
designer
.
General
sense
developed
from
the
mathematical
meaning
of
putting
something
extra
.
description
noun
a
piece
of
spoken
or
written
language
that
tells
what
someone
or
something
is
like
•
Maria
wrote
a
vivid
description
of
the
sunset
in
her
travel
journal
.
Maria
wrote
a
vivid
description
of
the
sunset
in
her
travel
journal
.
•
The
police
officer
asked
the
witness
for
a
description
of
the
thief
.
The
police
officer
asked
the
witness
for
a
description
of
the
thief
.
From
Latin
descriptio
(
a
sketch
,
enumeration
,
representation
),
from
describere
(“
to
describe
”).
noun
the
act
or
process
of
describing
something
•
The
teacher
gave
the
class
fifteen
minutes
for
the
description
of
their
favorite
animal
.
The
teacher
gave
the
class
fifteen
minutes
for
the
description
of
their
favorite
animal
.
•
Good
storytelling
depends
on
the
careful
description
of
characters
’
feelings
.
Good
storytelling
depends
on
the
careful
description
of
characters
’
feelings
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
.
observation
noun
a
statement
or
remark
that
you
make
after
noticing
or
thinking
about
something
•
Maria's
amusing
observation
about
the
crowded
subway
made
everyone
laugh
.
Maria's
amusing
observation
about
the
crowded
subway
made
everyone
laugh
.
•
The
editor
added
a
sharp
observation
in
the
margin
of
the
article
.
The
editor
added
a
sharp
observation
in
the
margin
of
the
article
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Latin
observatio
,
but
this
meaning
developed
later
as
"
thing
noticed
".
combination
noun
the
act
or
result
of
mixing
or
joining
two
or
more
things
together
•
The
chef
created
a
tasty
combination
of
sweet
and
spicy
flavors
.
The
chef
created
a
tasty
combination
of
sweet
and
spicy
flavors
.
•
Good
teamwork
is
a
combination
of
trust
and
clear
communication
.
Good
teamwork
is
a
combination
of
trust
and
clear
communication
.
noun
a
specific
series
of
numbers
or
letters
that
opens
a
lock
•
I
forgot
the
combination
to
my
bicycle
lock
.
I
forgot
the
combination
to
my
bicycle
lock
.
•
She
turned
the
dial
slowly
to
enter
the
correct
combination
.
She
turned
the
dial
slowly
to
enter
the
correct
combination
.
noun
(
mathematics
)
a
selection
of
items
from
a
larger
set
where
order
does
not
matter
•
In
math
class
we
calculated
the
number
of
ways
to
choose
a
five-card
combination
from
a
deck
.
In
math
class
we
calculated
the
number
of
ways
to
choose
a
five-card
combination
from
a
deck
.
•
There
are
10
possible
combinations
of
three
different
fruits
in
the
salad
if
order
is
ignored
.
There
are
10
possible
combinations
of
three
different
fruits
in
the
salad
if
order
is
ignored
.
noun
(
sports
)
a
quick
series
of
planned
moves
,
especially
punches
or
kicks
,
performed
one
after
another
•
The
boxer
stunned
his
opponent
with
a
lightning-fast
three-punch
combination
.
The
boxer
stunned
his
opponent
with
a
lightning-fast
three-punch
combination
.
•
Practice
your
jab-cross-hook
combination
on
the
punching
bag
every
day
.
Practice
your
jab-cross-hook
combination
on
the
punching
bag
every
day
.
motion
verb
to
make
a
hand
or
body
movement
that
tells
someone
to
come
,
go
,
or
do
something
•
The
teacher
motioned
for
the
noisy
class
to
settle
down
.
The
teacher
motioned
for
the
noisy
class
to
settle
down
.
•
He
motioned
me
over
to
the
window
to
see
the
rainbow
.
He
motioned
me
over
to
the
window
to
see
the
rainbow
.
noun
a
formal
suggestion
made
in
a
meeting
that
people
vote
on
•
Councillor
Park
introduced
a
motion
to
build
a
new
community
garden
.
Councillor
Park
introduced
a
motion
to
build
a
new
community
garden
.
•
After
a
short
debate
,
the
board
unanimously
passed
the
motion
.
After
a
short
debate
,
the
board
unanimously
passed
the
motion
.
noun
a
formal
request
that
a
lawyer
makes
to
a
judge
asking
the
court
to
do
something
•
The
defense
filed
a
motion
to
dismiss
the
charges
.
The
defense
filed
a
motion
to
dismiss
the
charges
.
•
Tomorrow
the
judge
will
hear
the
motion
for
a
new
trial
.
Tomorrow
the
judge
will
hear
the
motion
for
a
new
trial
.
fashion
noun
the
popular
style
of
clothing
,
hair
,
or
accessories
that
is
liked
and
followed
at
a
particular
time
•
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
Julia
loves
keeping
up
with
the
latest
fashion
trends
each
season
.
•
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
In
the
1960s
,
mini-skirts
became
the
most
daring
fashion
statement
.
Middle
English
fasoun
,
from
Old
French
façon
“
appearance
,
manner
”,
from
Latin
factura
“
a
making
”,
from
facere
“
to
make
”.
noun
a
particular
way
or
manner
of
doing
or
saying
something
•
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
The
chef
prepared
the
dish
in
traditional
Italian
fashion
.
•
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
She
answered
the
question
in
a
polite
fashion
,
smiling
warmly
.
verb
-
fashion
,
fashioning
,
fashions
,
fashioned
to
make
or
shape
something
,
especially
with
the
hands
or
with
careful
effort
•
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
The
artisan
fashioned
a
beautiful
vase
from
red
clay
.
•
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
She
fashioned
a
shelter
from
branches
and
leaves
before
nightfall
.
creation
noun
the
act
or
process
of
making
something
new
exist
•
The
creation
of
the
new
park
took
five
years
.
The
creation
of
the
new
park
took
five
years
.
•
Advances
in
technology
spur
the
creation
of
innovative
products
.
Advances
in
technology
spur
the
creation
of
innovative
products
.
noun
something
that
has
been
made
,
invented
,
or
produced
•
The
chef's
latest
creation
is
a
chocolate
chili
cake
.
The
chef's
latest
creation
is
a
chocolate
chili
cake
.
•
She
wore
a
stunning
silk
creation
designed
by
a
local
tailor
.
She
wore
a
stunning
silk
creation
designed
by
a
local
tailor
.
depression
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
sadness
and
lack
of
hope
,
especially
for
a
period
of
time
•
A
wave
of
depression
washed
over
her
when
she
heard
the
bad
news
.
A
wave
of
depression
washed
over
her
when
she
heard
the
bad
news
.
•
The
gray
,
rainy
weather
filled
everyone
with
depression
.
The
gray
,
rainy
weather
filled
everyone
with
depression
.
noun
a
serious
medical
condition
in
which
a
person
feels
very
sad
,
hopeless
,
tired
,
and
loses
interest
in
life
for
a
long
time
•
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
struggled
with
depression
and
found
it
hard
to
get
out
of
bed
.
After
losing
his
job
,
Mark
struggled
with
depression
and
found
it
hard
to
get
out
of
bed
.
•
Talking
to
a
therapist
helped
Olivia
manage
her
depression
.
Talking
to
a
therapist
helped
Olivia
manage
her
depression
.
from
Latin
deprimere
“
to
press
down
,”
meaning
“
sadness
”
since
the
17th
century
noun
a
part
of
a
surface
that
is
lower
than
the
surrounding
area
;
a
hollow
or
dent
•
There
is
a
small
depression
in
the
center
of
the
metal
lid
.
There
is
a
small
depression
in
the
center
of
the
metal
lid
.
•
The
dinosaur
’
s
footprint
left
a
deep
depression
in
the
mud
.
The
dinosaur
’
s
footprint
left
a
deep
depression
in
the
mud
.
noun
a
long
and
very
serious
period
when
business
activity
slows
down
and
many
people
do
not
have
jobs
•
The
Great
Depression
of
the
1930s
left
millions
without
jobs
.
The
Great
Depression
of
the
1930s
left
millions
without
jobs
.
•
Economists
fear
that
the
trade
war
could
lead
to
another
depression
.
Economists
fear
that
the
trade
war
could
lead
to
another
depression
.
noun
a
region
of
low
air
pressure
that
often
brings
clouds
,
wind
,
and
rain
•
A
tropical
depression
formed
off
the
coast
and
is
moving
north
.
A
tropical
depression
formed
off
the
coast
and
is
moving
north
.
•
The
weather
forecast
warns
of
a
depression
bringing
heavy
showers
tomorrow
.
The
weather
forecast
warns
of
a
depression
bringing
heavy
showers
tomorrow
.
distribution
noun
the
act
or
process
of
delivering
or
handing
out
goods
or
resources
to
various
people
or
places
•
The
charity
organized
the
distribution
of
blankets
to
the
earthquake
survivors
.
The
charity
organized
the
distribution
of
blankets
to
the
earthquake
survivors
.
•
A
truck
arrives
every
morning
for
the
distribution
of
fresh
bread
to
local
shops
.
A
truck
arrives
every
morning
for
the
distribution
of
fresh
bread
to
local
shops
.
From
Latin
distributio
“
division
,
arrangement
”,
from
distribuere
“
to
divide
,
share
out
”.
noun
the
way
something
is
spread
or
shared
over
an
area
,
group
,
or
period
of
time
•
Scientists
mapped
the
distribution
of
endangered
birds
across
the
islands
.
Scientists
mapped
the
distribution
of
endangered
birds
across
the
islands
.
•
Income
distribution
varies
greatly
between
urban
and
rural
communities
.
Income
distribution
varies
greatly
between
urban
and
rural
communities
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
in
mathematics
and
statistics
,
a
set
showing
all
the
possible
values
of
data
and
how
often
they
occur
•
The
data
followed
a
normal
distribution
around
the
average
value
.
The
data
followed
a
normal
distribution
around
the
average
value
.
•
Understanding
the
probability
distribution
helps
predict
future
sales
.
Understanding
the
probability
distribution
helps
predict
future
sales
.
Adopted
for
mathematical
use
in
the
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
general
sense
of
“
arrangement
”
to
numerical
values
.
portion
noun
a
part
or
share
of
something
larger
,
separate
from
the
rest
•
She
set
aside
a
portion
of
her
salary
each
month
.
She
set
aside
a
portion
of
her
salary
each
month
.
•
Only
a
small
portion
of
the
island
is
inhabited
.
Only
a
small
portion
of
the
island
is
inhabited
.
noun
the
amount
of
food
served
to
one
person
at
a
meal
•
The
restaurant
serves
huge
portions
,
so
we
shared
a
plate
.
The
restaurant
serves
huge
portions
,
so
we
shared
a
plate
.
•
He
complained
that
the
portion
of
fries
was
too
small
.
He
complained
that
the
portion
of
fries
was
too
small
.
verb
to
divide
something
into
parts
and
give
each
part
to
someone
or
for
a
purpose
•
The
manager
portioned
the
budget
equally
among
the
teams
.
The
manager
portioned
the
budget
equally
among
the
teams
.
•
She
portioned
the
cake
so
every
child
got
a
slice
.
She
portioned
the
cake
so
every
child
got
a
slice
.
exception
noun
something
or
someone
that
does
not
follow
a
rule
,
pattern
,
or
general
statement
•
All
the
students
handed
in
their
homework
on
time
without
a
single
exception
.
All
the
students
handed
in
their
homework
on
time
without
a
single
exception
.
•
Most
birds
can
fly
;
the
penguin
is
a
famous
exception
.
Most
birds
can
fly
;
the
penguin
is
a
famous
exception
.
From
Latin
exceptiō
,
meaning
‘
a
leaving
out
’,
from
excipere
‘
to
take
out
’.
noun
in
computer
programming
,
an
error
or
unusual
event
that
stops
or
changes
the
normal
flow
of
a
program
•
The
app
crashed
because
an
exception
was
not
handled
properly
.
The
app
crashed
because
an
exception
was
not
handled
properly
.
•
Catching
an
exception
allows
the
program
to
continue
running
instead
of
stopping
.
Catching
an
exception
allows
the
program
to
continue
running
instead
of
stopping
.
Sense
developed
in
the
1960s
as
computer
science
adopted
legal
and
logical
vocabulary
to
name
abnormal
conditions
that
‘
break
’
normal
rules
.
noun
in
law
,
a
formal
objection
raised
by
a
lawyer
against
a
ruling
,
evidence
,
or
procedure
•
Defense
counsel
took
exception
to
the
judge
’
s
decision
to
admit
the
photograph
.
Defense
counsel
took
exception
to
the
judge
’
s
decision
to
admit
the
photograph
.
•
The
lawyer
noted
his
exception
for
the
record
immediately
after
the
ruling
.
The
lawyer
noted
his
exception
for
the
record
immediately
after
the
ruling
.
Borrowed
into
legal
English
in
the
14th
century
from
Old
French
,
maintaining
the
sense
of
‘
reserved
objection
’.
passion
noun
a
very
strong
feeling
of
enthusiasm
or
love
for
an
activity
,
idea
,
or
goal
•
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
Even
after
a
long
day
at
work
,
Maria's
passion
for
painting
kept
her
in
front
of
the
canvas
late
into
the
night
.
•
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
The
coach
spoke
with
such
passion
that
the
team
felt
inspired
to
play
their
best
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
passion
,
from
Latin
passio
‘
suffering
,
emotion
’,
from
patī
‘
to
suffer
’.
noun
a
strong
,
often
overwhelming
feeling
of
romantic
or
sexual
desire
•
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
The
movie
depicts
the
sudden
passion
that
draws
two
strangers
together
in
the
rain
.
•
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
They
kissed
with
a
passion
that
left
them
both
breathless
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
meaning
shifted
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
to
include
strong
romantic
desire
.
publication
noun
a
book
,
magazine
,
newspaper
,
or
online
document
that
has
been
printed
or
put
out
for
people
to
read
•
I
picked
up
a
free
publication
about
city
events
at
the
subway
station
.
I
picked
up
a
free
publication
about
city
events
at
the
subway
station
.
•
The
magazine
is
a
weekly
publication
with
colorful
photos
.
The
magazine
is
a
weekly
publication
with
colorful
photos
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
“
publicatio
,”
based
on
“
publicus
,”
meaning
“
of
the
people
.”
noun
the
act
of
printing
,
uploading
,
or
otherwise
making
information
available
for
everyone
to
read
or
see
•
The
scientists
waited
eagerly
for
the
publication
of
their
research
results
in
the
journal
.
The
scientists
waited
eagerly
for
the
publication
of
their
research
results
in
the
journal
.
•
The
law
requires
the
publication
of
new
regulations
before
they
take
effect
.
The
law
requires
the
publication
of
new
regulations
before
they
take
effect
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
“
publicatio
,”
from
“
publicare
”
meaning
“
make
public
.”
interpretation
noun
a
particular
explanation
or
opinion
about
what
something
means
•
One
interpretation
of
the
ending
is
that
the
hero
actually
survived
.
One
interpretation
of
the
ending
is
that
the
hero
actually
survived
.
•
Her
bold
interpretation
of
the
law
impressed
the
jury
.
Her
bold
interpretation
of
the
law
impressed
the
jury
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
working
out
and
explaining
what
words
,
actions
,
numbers
,
or
other
information
really
mean
•
Accurate
interpretation
of
the
data
revealed
a
new
trend
in
the
market
.
Accurate
interpretation
of
the
data
revealed
a
new
trend
in
the
market
.
•
During
the
lecture
,
the
professor
stressed
careful
interpretation
of
ancient
texts
.
During
the
lecture
,
the
professor
stressed
careful
interpretation
of
ancient
texts
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
interpretatio
‘
explanation
’,
from
interpretari
‘
explain
,
translate
’.
noun
the
way
someone
performs
a
piece
of
music
,
a
role
,
or
other
artistic
work
,
showing
their
personal
understanding
of
it
•
The
pianist
’
s
gentle
interpretation
of
the
sonata
moved
the
audience
to
tears
.
The
pianist
’
s
gentle
interpretation
of
the
sonata
moved
the
audience
to
tears
.
•
Critics
praised
the
actor
’
s
fresh
interpretation
of
Hamlet
.
Critics
praised
the
actor
’
s
fresh
interpretation
of
Hamlet
.
noun
the
activity
of
translating
spoken
words
from
one
language
into
another
immediately
•
Simultaneous
interpretation
allowed
the
delegates
to
follow
the
debate
in
real
time
.
Simultaneous
interpretation
allowed
the
delegates
to
follow
the
debate
in
real
time
.
•
She
studied
hard
to
pass
the
UN
interpretation
exam
.
She
studied
hard
to
pass
the
UN
interpretation
exam
.
reduction
noun
the
act
or
process
of
making
something
smaller
or
less
in
size
,
amount
,
price
,
or
degree
•
The
store
announced
a
50%
reduction
in
winter
coat
prices
.
The
store
announced
a
50%
reduction
in
winter
coat
prices
.
•
Regular
exercise
can
lead
to
a
significant
reduction
in
stress
levels
.
Regular
exercise
can
lead
to
a
significant
reduction
in
stress
levels
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
reductio
(
n-
),
from
reducere
‘
bring
back
,
lead
back
’.
noun
the
amount
by
which
something
is
made
smaller
or
less
•
Customers
received
a
$10
reduction
on
every
ticket
.
Customers
received
a
$10
reduction
on
every
ticket
.
•
Her
new
diet
led
to
a
three-kilogram
reduction
in
weight
.
Her
new
diet
led
to
a
three-kilogram
reduction
in
weight
.
noun
in
cooking
,
a
sauce
or
liquid
made
thicker
and
more
flavorful
by
boiling
it
until
it
becomes
less
•
The
chef
simmered
red
wine
until
it
became
a
glossy
reduction
.
The
chef
simmered
red
wine
until
it
became
a
glossy
reduction
.
•
A
drizzle
of
balsamic
reduction
added
sweetness
to
the
salad
.
A
drizzle
of
balsamic
reduction
added
sweetness
to
the
salad
.
noun
in
chemistry
,
a
reaction
in
which
a
substance
gains
electrons
or
its
oxidation
state
decreases
•
Copper
oxide
undergoes
reduction
to
form
pure
copper
in
the
furnace
.
Copper
oxide
undergoes
reduction
to
form
pure
copper
in
the
furnace
.
•
Electrolysis
involves
both
oxidation
and
reduction
at
different
electrodes
.
Electrolysis
involves
both
oxidation
and
reduction
at
different
electrodes
.
noun
in
mathematics
or
logic
,
the
act
of
changing
a
problem
,
fraction
,
or
expression
into
an
equivalent
but
simpler
form
•
Fraction
reduction
turned
8⁄12
into
2⁄3
.
Fraction
reduction
turned
8⁄12
into
2⁄3
.
•
Row
reduction
helps
solve
systems
of
equations
quickly
.
Row
reduction
helps
solve
systems
of
equations
quickly
.
noun
in
medicine
,
the
act
of
putting
a
broken
bone
or
dislocated
body
part
back
into
its
normal
position
•
The
surgeon
performed
a
closed
reduction
on
the
patient
’
s
dislocated
shoulder
.
The
surgeon
performed
a
closed
reduction
on
the
patient
’
s
dislocated
shoulder
.
•
After
the
reduction
,
her
ankle
was
wrapped
in
a
cast
.
After
the
reduction
,
her
ankle
was
wrapped
in
a
cast
.
selection
noun
a
group
or
range
of
things
that
you
can
choose
from
•
The
bakery
offers
a
wide
selection
of
pastries
each
morning
.
The
bakery
offers
a
wide
selection
of
pastries
each
morning
.
•
At
the
market
,
I
was
amazed
by
the
vibrant
selection
of
tropical
fruits
.
At
the
market
,
I
was
amazed
by
the
vibrant
selection
of
tropical
fruits
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
choosing
something
or
someone
from
a
group
•
The
committee
’
s
final
selection
will
be
announced
on
Friday
.
The
committee
’
s
final
selection
will
be
announced
on
Friday
.
•
Through
careful
selection
,
the
chef
picked
only
the
ripest
tomatoes
for
the
soup
.
Through
careful
selection
,
the
chef
picked
only
the
ripest
tomatoes
for
the
soup
.
early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
selectio
(
n-
),
from
seligere
‘
choose
out
’.
noun
the
person
or
thing
that
has
been
chosen
•
Her
dress
was
an
elegant
selection
for
the
ceremony
.
Her
dress
was
an
elegant
selection
for
the
ceremony
.
•
The
coach
’
s
surprise
selection
turned
out
to
be
the
team
’
s
star
player
.
The
coach
’
s
surprise
selection
turned
out
to
be
the
team
’
s
star
player
.
noun
(
computing
)
an
area
of
text
,
cells
,
or
objects
that
you
have
highlighted
so
you
can
edit
,
move
,
or
copy
them
•
Drag
your
mouse
across
the
paragraph
to
create
a
selection
before
copying
it
.
Drag
your
mouse
across
the
paragraph
to
create
a
selection
before
copying
it
.
•
She
accidentally
deleted
the
wrong
selection
and
had
to
press
undo
.
She
accidentally
deleted
the
wrong
selection
and
had
to
press
undo
.
noun
(
biology
)
the
natural
process
by
which
organisms
better
adapted
to
their
environment
survive
and
produce
more
offspring
•
Darwin
argued
that
natural
selection
explains
the
diversity
of
life
on
Earth
.
Darwin
argued
that
natural
selection
explains
the
diversity
of
life
on
Earth
.
•
Over
generations
,
selection
favored
giraffes
with
slightly
longer
necks
.
Over
generations
,
selection
favored
giraffes
with
slightly
longer
necks
.
resolution
noun
strong
decision
and
determination
to
keep
or
achieve
something
•
At
the
start
of
the
year
,
Carla
made
a
resolution
to
read
one
book
every
month
.
At
the
start
of
the
year
,
Carla
made
a
resolution
to
read
one
book
every
month
.
•
With
fierce
resolution
,
the
firefighter
climbed
the
ladder
toward
the
flames
.
With
fierce
resolution
,
the
firefighter
climbed
the
ladder
toward
the
flames
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
resolutio
(
n-
),
from
resolvere
‘
loosen
,
release
’.
noun
a
formal
statement
of
a
decision
agreed
on
by
a
meeting
,
committee
,
or
government
body
•
The
city
council
passed
a
resolution
to
build
more
parks
.
The
city
council
passed
a
resolution
to
build
more
parks
.
•
Shareholders
voted
on
a
resolution
to
appoint
a
new
CEO
.
Shareholders
voted
on
a
resolution
to
appoint
a
new
CEO
.
noun
the
act
of
finding
an
answer
or
ending
a
problem
,
dispute
,
or
conflict
•
Both
sides
worked
toward
the
resolution
of
the
labor
strike
.
Both
sides
worked
toward
the
resolution
of
the
labor
strike
.
•
The
mediator
guided
the
couple
toward
a
peaceful
resolution
.
The
mediator
guided
the
couple
toward
a
peaceful
resolution
.
noun
the
level
of
detail
and
sharpness
that
can
be
seen
in
an
image
,
screen
,
or
instrument
•
This
camera
offers
high
resolution
even
in
low
light
.
This
camera
offers
high
resolution
even
in
low
light
.
•
Please
send
the
logo
in
a
higher
resolution
file
.
Please
send
the
logo
in
a
higher
resolution
file
.
noun
in
music
,
the
movement
of
a
note
or
chord
from
tension
to
a
stable
,
consonant
sound
•
The
tension
in
the
symphony
found
its
resolution
in
a
gentle
major
chord
.
The
tension
in
the
symphony
found
its
resolution
in
a
gentle
major
chord
.
•
Listeners
waited
for
the
delayed
resolution
that
gives
the
piece
its
unique
flavor
.
Listeners
waited
for
the
delayed
resolution
that
gives
the
piece
its
unique
flavor
.
noun
in
chemistry
,
the
process
of
separating
a
mixture
,
especially
a
racemic
mixture
,
into
its
individual
components
•
The
chemist
achieved
the
resolution
of
the
racemic
mixture
using
chiral
chromatography
.
The
chemist
achieved
the
resolution
of
the
racemic
mixture
using
chiral
chromatography
.
•
Efficient
resolution
of
enantiomers
is
vital
in
drug
production
.
Efficient
resolution
of
enantiomers
is
vital
in
drug
production
.
transition
noun
the
process
or
period
of
changing
from
one
state
,
condition
,
or
place
to
another
•
The
transition
from
winter
to
spring
brings
colorful
flowers
to
the
park
.
The
transition
from
winter
to
spring
brings
colorful
flowers
to
the
park
.
•
Our
school
is
helping
students
with
the
transition
to
online
classes
.
Our
school
is
helping
students
with
the
transition
to
online
classes
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
transitio
“
a
going
across
”.
verb
to
change
from
one
state
,
activity
,
or
place
to
another
•
After
graduation
,
she
transitioned
quickly
into
a
full-time
engineer
.
After
graduation
,
she
transitioned
quickly
into
a
full-time
engineer
.
•
The
conversation
smoothly
transitions
from
politics
to
sports
.
The
conversation
smoothly
transitions
from
politics
to
sports
.
noun
a
short
passage
or
visual
effect
that
smoothly
connects
two
parts
of
music
,
film
,
writing
,
or
other
media
•
The
director
used
a
fade-out
transition
to
show
the
passage
of
time
.
The
director
used
a
fade-out
transition
to
show
the
passage
of
time
.
•
A
smooth
key
change
provided
a
musical
transition
between
the
verses
.
A
smooth
key
change
provided
a
musical
transition
between
the
verses
.
noun
the
personal
,
social
,
and
sometimes
medical
process
by
which
a
transgender
person
begins
to
live
as
the
gender
with
which
they
identify
•
Alex
found
support
from
friends
during
his
gender
transition
.
Alex
found
support
from
friends
during
his
gender
transition
.
•
Her
doctor
explained
the
steps
involved
in
a
medical
transition
.
Her
doctor
explained
the
steps
involved
in
a
medical
transition
.
championship
noun
a
sports
or
other
competition
held
to
decide
who
is
the
best
person
or
team
•
Our
school
will
host
the
city
championship
next
month
.
Our
school
will
host
the
city
championship
next
month
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
the
swimmers
finally
qualified
for
the
national
championship
.
After
months
of
training
,
the
swimmers
finally
qualified
for
the
national
championship
.
noun
the
state
or
title
of
being
the
champion
after
winning
such
a
competition
•
Winning
the
world
championship
changed
her
life
overnight
.
Winning
the
world
championship
changed
her
life
overnight
.
•
He
celebrated
his
third
boxing
championship
with
his
family
.
He
celebrated
his
third
boxing
championship
with
his
family
.
noun
strong
public
support
and
defense
of
a
person
,
idea
,
or
cause
•
Her
fearless
championship
of
children's
rights
inspired
many
.
Her
fearless
championship
of
children's
rights
inspired
many
.
•
The
professor
’
s
championship
of
free
speech
earned
him
respect
across
campus
.
The
professor
’
s
championship
of
free
speech
earned
him
respect
across
campus
.
edition
noun
a
particular
version
of
a
book
or
other
published
text
that
may
be
revised
or
updated
•
I
bought
the
second
edition
of
the
cookbook
because
it
has
new
recipes
.
I
bought
the
second
edition
of
the
cookbook
because
it
has
new
recipes
.
•
The
professor
insisted
we
read
the
latest
edition
for
the
most
accurate
data
.
The
professor
insisted
we
read
the
latest
edition
for
the
most
accurate
data
.
From
Middle
French
edition
,
from
Latin
ēditiō
(“
publishing
”),
originally
‘
bringing
forth
’.
noun
all
the
copies
of
a
publication
that
are
printed
or
produced
at
one
time
•
The
morning
edition
of
the
newspaper
sold
out
before
noon
.
The
morning
edition
of
the
newspaper
sold
out
before
noon
.
•
They
printed
a
limited
edition
of
500
art
catalogues
.
They
printed
a
limited
edition
of
500
art
catalogues
.
noun
a
particular
broadcast
or
issue
of
a
regular
news
programme
or
newspaper
prepared
for
a
specific
time
or
audience
•
Tonight
’
s
edition
of
the
news
will
feature
a
live
interview
with
the
mayor
.
Tonight
’
s
edition
of
the
news
will
feature
a
live
interview
with
the
mayor
.
•
The
weekend
edition
comes
with
an
extra
magazine
section
.
The
weekend
edition
comes
with
an
extra
magazine
section
.
noun
a
particular
version
or
release
of
a
product
,
event
,
or
activity
distinguished
by
special
features
or
a
specific
year
•
She
bought
the
collector
’
s
edition
of
the
video
game
with
extra
artwork
.
She
bought
the
collector
’
s
edition
of
the
video
game
with
extra
artwork
.
•
Thousands
of
runners
signed
up
for
the
2024
edition
of
the
city
marathon
.
Thousands
of
runners
signed
up
for
the
2024
edition
of
the
city
marathon
.
participation
noun
a
share
in
a
loan
or
investment
sold
by
the
original
lender
or
owner
,
giving
the
buyer
rights
to
a
proportionate
return
•
The
bank
sold
a
participation
in
the
large
commercial
loan
to
reduce
its
exposure
.
The
bank
sold
a
participation
in
the
large
commercial
loan
to
reduce
its
exposure
.
•
Investors
can
buy
a
participation
for
as
little
as
$10
,
000
.
Investors
can
buy
a
participation
for
as
little
as
$10
,
000
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
taking
part
,
applied
in
early
20th-century
finance
to
mean
a
shared
portion
of
a
loan
.
fiction
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
books
and
stories
about
events
and
characters
that
are
invented
,
not
real
•
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
•
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
‘
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
’,
from
fingere
‘
form
,
contrive
’.
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
something
that
is
invented
or
imagined
and
is
not
true
•
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
•
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
‘
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
’,
from
fingere
‘
form
,
contrive
’.
evaluation
noun
the
careful
process
of
judging
how
good
,
important
,
or
effective
something
is
•
Regular
evaluation
of
safety
procedures
keeps
the
factory
running
smoothly
.
Regular
evaluation
of
safety
procedures
keeps
the
factory
running
smoothly
.
•
Before
launching
the
app
,
the
developers
did
an
evaluation
of
user
feedback
.
Before
launching
the
app
,
the
developers
did
an
evaluation
of
user
feedback
.
From
Latin
valuare
“
to
value
”,
via
French
évaluation
.
noun
a
specific
written
or
spoken
judgment
about
the
quality
,
value
,
or
performance
of
someone
or
something
•
The
manager
gave
each
employee
a
detailed
evaluation
at
the
end
of
the
quarter
.
The
manager
gave
each
employee
a
detailed
evaluation
at
the
end
of
the
quarter
.
•
Parents
receive
an
evaluation
of
their
child's
progress
after
every
school
term
.
Parents
receive
an
evaluation
of
their
child's
progress
after
every
school
term
.
noun
the
act
of
calculating
the
numerical
value
of
a
mathematical
expression
or
function
•
The
quick
evaluation
of
the
formula
saved
the
engineers
valuable
time
.
The
quick
evaluation
of
the
formula
saved
the
engineers
valuable
time
.
•
Symbolic
evaluation
lets
the
software
manipulate
equations
without
substituting
numbers
.
Symbolic
evaluation
lets
the
software
manipulate
equations
without
substituting
numbers
.
infection
noun
a
specific
illness
in
part
of
the
body
caused
by
invading
germs
•
He
went
to
the
doctor
with
a
painful
ear
infection
.
He
went
to
the
doctor
with
a
painful
ear
infection
.
•
Antibiotics
cleared
her
chest
infection
within
a
week
.
Antibiotics
cleared
her
chest
infection
within
a
week
.
noun
the
invasion
and
growth
of
germs
in
the
body
that
can
make
a
person
or
animal
sick
•
Proper
hand
washing
can
help
prevent
infection
after
surgery
.
Proper
hand
washing
can
help
prevent
infection
after
surgery
.
•
The
patient's
body
was
fighting
a
severe
infection
caused
by
bacteria
.
The
patient's
body
was
fighting
a
severe
infection
caused
by
bacteria
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
infectiō
‘
dyeing
,
infecting
’,
from
in-
‘
into
’
+
facere
‘
put
,
do
’.
noun
the
gradual
spread
of
a
harmful
influence
,
emotion
,
or
idea
among
people
•
The
infection
of
fear
spread
quickly
through
the
crowd
.
The
infection
of
fear
spread
quickly
through
the
crowd
.
•
Some
journalists
warned
about
the
infection
of
corruption
in
local
politics
.
Some
journalists
warned
about
the
infection
of
corruption
in
local
politics
.
suggestion
noun
an
idea
,
plan
,
or
piece
of
advice
that
someone
puts
forward
for
another
person
to
think
about
•
Could
you
give
me
a
suggestion
for
a
good
movie
to
watch
tonight
?
Could
you
give
me
a
suggestion
for
a
good
movie
to
watch
tonight
?
•
My
teacher
wrote
helpful
suggestions
in
the
margins
of
my
essay
.
My
teacher
wrote
helpful
suggestions
in
the
margins
of
my
essay
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Latin
“
suggestio
”
meaning
“
an
advising
or
prompting
”.
noun
a
slight
amount
,
trace
,
or
sign
of
something
•
There
was
just
a
suggestion
of
cinnamon
in
the
cake
’
s
flavor
.
There
was
just
a
suggestion
of
cinnamon
in
the
cake
’
s
flavor
.
•
His
voice
held
a
suggestion
of
anger
,
though
he
smiled
.
His
voice
held
a
suggestion
of
anger
,
though
he
smiled
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
with
meaning
extended
to
“
slight
indication
”
by
the
late
18th
century
.
consideration
noun
a
fact
or
detail
that
you
must
think
about
when
deciding
something
•
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
•
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
intention
noun
something
that
you
want
and
plan
to
do
•
Maya
announced
her
clear
intention
to
study
medicine
abroad
.
Maya
announced
her
clear
intention
to
study
medicine
abroad
.
•
The
city
council
has
no
intention
of
raising
taxes
this
year
.
The
city
council
has
no
intention
of
raising
taxes
this
year
.
From
Middle
English
entencioun
,
via
Old
French
intention
,
from
Latin
intentio
(“
a
stretching
toward
,
purpose
”).
noun
the
purpose
or
meaning
behind
what
someone
says
or
does
•
I
know
you
broke
the
vase
,
but
your
intention
was
not
to
cause
any
harm
.
I
know
you
broke
the
vase
,
but
your
intention
was
not
to
cause
any
harm
.
•
The
judge
tried
to
understand
the
defendant's
intention
rather
than
the
outcome
.
The
judge
tried
to
understand
the
defendant's
intention
rather
than
the
outcome
.
From
Middle
English
entencioun
,
via
Old
French
intention
,
from
Latin
intentio
(“
a
stretching
toward
,
purpose
”).
assumption
noun
Something
that
you
accept
as
true
or
certain
without
having
proof
.
•
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
Maria's
plan
was
based
on
the
assumption
that
the
train
would
arrive
on
time
.
•
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
It's
a
common
assumption
that
coffee
dehydrates
you
,
but
it's
not
entirely
true
.
From
Latin
assumptiō
(
a
taking
up
),
from
assumere
“
to
take
up
,
adopt
.”
noun
The
act
of
taking
something
for
oneself
,
especially
without
permission
or
right
.
•
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
The
knight's
assumption
of
the
enemy's
lands
angered
neighboring
lords
.
•
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Critics
condemned
the
corporation's
assumption
of
community
resources
.
Extended
from
Latin
sense
of
“
taking
up
”
to
signify
seizure
or
appropriation
in
Middle
English
.
occasion
noun
a
special
event
or
celebration
•
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
Her
birthday
party
was
a
joyful
occasion
.
•
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
The
town
square
was
beautifully
lit
for
the
festive
occasion
.
noun
a
particular
time
when
something
happens
•
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
On
one
occasion
,
the
dog
escaped
through
the
open
gate
.
•
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
She
has
,
on
rare
occasions
,
enjoyed
spicy
food
.
noun
a
cause
or
reason
for
something
•
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
The
sudden
noise
was
an
occasion
for
alarm
.
•
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
His
promotion
gave
her
no
occasion
for
envy
.
noun
a
suitable
time
or
opportunity
to
do
something
•
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
I
never
had
occasion
to
use
my
Spanish
on
the
trip
.
•
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
She
seized
the
occasion
to
thank
everyone
for
their
help
.
verb
to
cause
something
to
happen
•
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
The
delays
occasioned
great
frustration
among
passengers
.
•
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
His
carelessness
occasioned
a
serious
accident
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
'occaison'
,
from
Latin
'occasio
(
n-
)
'
meaning
‘
juncture
,
reason
’,
from
the
verb
'occidere'
‘
to
fall
,
befall
’.
implication
noun
something
that
is
hinted
at
or
suggested
without
being
said
directly
•
From
her
tone
,
the
clear
implication
was
that
she
was
unhappy
.
From
her
tone
,
the
clear
implication
was
that
she
was
unhappy
.
•
He
disliked
the
implication
that
he
had
cheated
on
the
exam
.
He
disliked
the
implication
that
he
had
cheated
on
the
exam
.
noun
a
possible
future
effect
or
result
of
an
action
,
decision
,
or
situation
•
Cutting
the
budget
has
serious
implications
for
public
schools
.
Cutting
the
budget
has
serious
implications
for
public
schools
.
•
The
discovery
of
water
on
Mars
has
exciting
implications
for
future
space
travel
.
The
discovery
of
water
on
Mars
has
exciting
implications
for
future
space
travel
.
noun
the
state
or
act
of
being
involved
in
something
,
especially
wrongdoing
•
His
implication
in
the
robbery
surprised
everyone
.
His
implication
in
the
robbery
surprised
everyone
.
•
The
email
suggested
her
implication
in
the
cover-up
.
The
email
suggested
her
implication
in
the
cover-up
.
noun
in
logic
or
mathematics
,
a
statement
that
if
one
fact
is
true
then
another
must
be
true
•
In
logic
class
,
the
teacher
drew
an
arrow
to
show
the
implication
“
if
it
rains
,
the
ground
gets
wet
”.
In
logic
class
,
the
teacher
drew
an
arrow
to
show
the
implication
“
if
it
rains
,
the
ground
gets
wet
”.
•
The
theorem
rests
on
a
single
implication
between
two
equations
.
The
theorem
rests
on
a
single
implication
between
two
equations
.
tension
noun
A
feeling
of
mental
or
bodily
strain
,
tightness
,
or
anxiety
.
•
Marta
rubbed
her
shoulders
,
trying
to
release
the
tension
after
a
long
day
at
work
.
Marta
rubbed
her
shoulders
,
trying
to
release
the
tension
after
a
long
day
at
work
.
•
Deep
breathing
helped
him
lower
the
tension
he
felt
before
the
exam
.
Deep
breathing
helped
him
lower
the
tension
he
felt
before
the
exam
.
noun
A
feeling
of
suspense
or
excitement
caused
by
uncertainty
about
what
will
happen
next
.
•
The
director
built
tension
by
showing
the
monster
’
s
shadow
but
not
the
creature
itself
.
The
director
built
tension
by
showing
the
monster
’
s
shadow
but
not
the
creature
itself
.
•
Ominous
music
swelled
,
adding
tension
to
the
final
scene
.
Ominous
music
swelled
,
adding
tension
to
the
final
scene
.
noun
A
state
of
disagreement
,
hostility
,
or
strained
relations
between
people
or
groups
.
•
Trade
disputes
have
created
tension
between
the
two
countries
.
Trade
disputes
have
created
tension
between
the
two
countries
.
•
There
was
obvious
tension
in
the
team
after
the
argument
.
There
was
obvious
tension
in
the
team
after
the
argument
.
noun
The
pulling
force
that
acts
along
a
rope
,
cable
,
or
other
object
that
is
being
stretched
.
•
The
rope
snapped
when
the
tension
became
too
great
.
The
rope
snapped
when
the
tension
became
too
great
.
•
Engineers
calculated
the
tension
in
the
bridge
cables
.
Engineers
calculated
the
tension
in
the
bridge
cables
.
verb
-
tension
,
tensioning
,
tensions
,
tensioned
To
make
something
tight
by
applying
a
pulling
force
.
•
The
workers
carefully
tensioned
the
steel
cables
before
pouring
concrete
.
The
workers
carefully
tensioned
the
steel
cables
before
pouring
concrete
.
•
Before
painting
,
she
tensioned
the
canvas
over
the
frame
.
Before
painting
,
she
tensioned
the
canvas
over
the
frame
.
provision
noun
the
act
of
supplying
or
arranging
something
that
people
need
•
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
The
charity
oversees
the
provision
of
safe
drinking
water
in
drought-hit
regions
.
•
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Good
parents
try
to
make
provision
for
their
children
’
s
future
education
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
provision
or
directly
from
Latin
prōvīsiō
‘
foreseeing
,
preparation
’.
noun
food
and
other
basic
supplies
needed
for
a
journey
or
for
daily
living
•
They
packed
enough
provisions
to
last
the
whole
hiking
trip
.
They
packed
enough
provisions
to
last
the
whole
hiking
trip
.
•
The
sailors
rationed
their
provisions
carefully
during
the
storm
.
The
sailors
rationed
their
provisions
carefully
during
the
storm
.
Originally
referring
to
‘
food
supplied
’
in
the
15th
century
,
especially
for
armies
or
ships
.
noun
a
rule
or
clause
in
a
legal
or
official
document
•
Under
the
new
treaty
,
the
third
provision
limits
carbon
emissions
for
all
member
states
.
Under
the
new
treaty
,
the
third
provision
limits
carbon
emissions
for
all
member
states
.
•
There
is
a
confidentiality
provision
that
forbids
staff
from
sharing
client
data
.
There
is
a
confidentiality
provision
that
forbids
staff
from
sharing
client
data
.
Expanded
in
legal
use
from
the
broader
sense
of
‘
something
provided
’
to
mean
a
specific
clause
in
the
early
17th
century
.
verb
to
supply
someone
or
something
with
the
food
,
equipment
,
or
other
things
they
need
•
The
base
camp
was
fully
provisioned
before
the
expedition
began
.
The
base
camp
was
fully
provisioned
before
the
expedition
began
.
•
They
must
provision
the
remote
research
station
twice
a
year
.
They
must
provision
the
remote
research
station
twice
a
year
.
Verb
use
developed
in
the
early
17th
century
from
the
noun
,
meaning
‘
to
supply
with
provisions
’.
reputation
noun
the
general
opinion
that
people
have
about
someone
or
something
,
based
on
past
actions
or
behavior
•
After
the
scandal
,
the
politician's
reputation
was
ruined
.
After
the
scandal
,
the
politician's
reputation
was
ruined
.
•
The
company
worked
hard
to
build
a
positive
reputation
for
customer
service
.
The
company
worked
hard
to
build
a
positive
reputation
for
customer
service
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
reputatio
‘
consideration
’,
from
reputare
‘
think
over
’.
evolution
noun
a
slow
and
steady
development
or
change
in
something
,
such
as
an
idea
,
product
,
or
situation
•
The
rapid
evolution
of
smartphones
has
changed
the
way
we
communicate
.
The
rapid
evolution
of
smartphones
has
changed
the
way
we
communicate
.
•
Her
cooking
skills
went
through
an
evolution
from
simple
dishes
to
gourmet
meals
.
Her
cooking
skills
went
through
an
evolution
from
simple
dishes
to
gourmet
meals
.
noun
a
planned
movement
or
series
of
movements
,
especially
by
soldiers
,
ships
,
or
aircraft
,
carried
out
for
practice
or
show
•
The
troops
practiced
a
complicated
evolution
on
the
parade
ground
.
The
troops
practiced
a
complicated
evolution
on
the
parade
ground
.
•
During
the
naval
display
,
the
ships
performed
a
synchronized
evolution
.
During
the
naval
display
,
the
ships
performed
a
synchronized
evolution
.
recommendation
noun
advice
or
a
helpful
suggestion
about
what
someone
should
do
or
choose
•
My
dentist
gave
me
a
strong
recommendation
to
floss
daily
.
My
dentist
gave
me
a
strong
recommendation
to
floss
daily
.
•
Can
you
give
me
a
restaurant
recommendation
for
tonight
?
Can
you
give
me
a
restaurant
recommendation
for
tonight
?
from
Latin
recommendatio
,
meaning
"
bringing
back
to
mind
,
commendation
"
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
praising
someone
’
s
abilities
or
character
,
often
used
when
they
are
applying
for
a
job
,
school
,
or
position
•
Her
former
manager
wrote
a
glowing
recommendation
for
the
job
application
.
Her
former
manager
wrote
a
glowing
recommendation
for
the
job
application
.
•
I
got
the
apartment
thanks
to
a
friend's
personal
recommendation
.
I
got
the
apartment
thanks
to
a
friend's
personal
recommendation
.
Sense
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
for
letters
praising
a
person
.
noun
an
official
proposal
or
course
of
action
suggested
by
a
committee
,
report
,
or
authority
•
The
committee's
first
recommendation
was
to
reduce
class
sizes
.
The
committee's
first
recommendation
was
to
reduce
class
sizes
.
•
Parliament
accepted
the
report's
recommendation
to
increase
funding
.
Parliament
accepted
the
report's
recommendation
to
increase
funding
.
Extended
bureaucratic
use
arose
in
the
19th
century
as
governments
and
organizations
formalized
advice
into
official
reports
.
impression
noun
the
opinion
or
feeling
you
have
about
someone
or
something
based
on
how
they
seem
•
My
first
impression
of
the
city
was
that
it
was
very
friendly
.
My
first
impression
of
the
city
was
that
it
was
very
friendly
.
•
He
wanted
to
make
a
good
impression
on
his
new
teachers
.
He
wanted
to
make
a
good
impression
on
his
new
teachers
.
noun
a
mark
,
dent
,
or
shape
left
on
a
surface
after
something
presses
against
it
•
The
dinosaur
left
a
deep
impression
in
the
soft
mud
.
The
dinosaur
left
a
deep
impression
in
the
soft
mud
.
•
She
pressed
the
key
into
the
wax
,
leaving
an
impression
for
the
seal
.
She
pressed
the
key
into
the
wax
,
leaving
an
impression
for
the
seal
.
noun
an
entertaining
imitation
of
the
way
a
famous
person
speaks
or
acts
•
Carl
made
everyone
laugh
with
his
impression
of
the
president
.
Carl
made
everyone
laugh
with
his
impression
of
the
president
.
•
She
can
do
a
perfect
impression
of
her
favorite
singer
.
She
can
do
a
perfect
impression
of
her
favorite
singer
.
noun
one
time
that
an
online
advertisement
,
web
page
,
or
social-media
post
is
displayed
to
a
user
•
The
ad
campaign
got
over
a
million
impressions
in
its
first
week
.
The
ad
campaign
got
over
a
million
impressions
in
its
first
week
.
•
Marketers
track
impressions
to
measure
visibility
online
.
Marketers
track
impressions
to
measure
visibility
online
.
negotiation
noun
the
act
or
process
of
discussing
something
between
two
or
more
sides
in
order
to
reach
an
agreement
•
After
weeks
of
tough
negotiation
,
the
two
companies
finally
signed
the
merger
agreement
.
After
weeks
of
tough
negotiation
,
the
two
companies
finally
signed
the
merger
agreement
.
•
The
students
’
union
began
negotiation
with
the
principal
to
keep
the
library
open
later
.
The
students
’
union
began
negotiation
with
the
principal
to
keep
the
library
open
later
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
negotiatio
’
meaning
‘
business
,
trade
’,
from
‘
negotiari
’ ‘
to
do
business
’.
noun
the
act
of
transferring
or
converting
a
financial
instrument
such
as
a
check
,
bill
of
exchange
,
or
bond
into
cash
or
to
another
holder
•
The
broker
handled
the
negotiation
of
the
bond
within
a
single
day
.
The
broker
handled
the
negotiation
of
the
bond
within
a
single
day
.
•
Swift
negotiation
of
the
check
allowed
the
contractor
to
pay
her
workers
on
time
.
Swift
negotiation
of
the
check
allowed
the
contractor
to
pay
her
workers
on
time
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
general
sense
;
the
financial
meaning
developed
in
the
18th
century
as
banking
practices
expanded
.
destruction
noun
the
act
or
process
of
damaging
something
so
badly
that
it
no
longer
exists
or
cannot
be
used
•
The
powerful
hurricane
caused
widespread
destruction
along
the
coast
.
The
powerful
hurricane
caused
widespread
destruction
along
the
coast
.
•
Protesters
marched
to
stop
the
destruction
of
the
old
forest
.
Protesters
marched
to
stop
the
destruction
of
the
old
forest
.
From
Latin
destructio
,
from
destruere
“
to
destroy
,”
composed
of
de-
“
undo
”
+
struere
“
to
build
.”
noun
severe
damage
or
the
state
of
being
ruined
after
something
has
been
destroyed
•
After
the
fire
,
the
house
was
a
scene
of
complete
destruction
.
After
the
fire
,
the
house
was
a
scene
of
complete
destruction
.
•
She
stared
in
silence
at
the
destruction
left
by
the
flood
.
She
stared
in
silence
at
the
destruction
left
by
the
flood
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
highlighting
the
result
rather
than
the
action
.
noun
a
person
,
thing
,
or
force
that
causes
great
damage
or
ruin
•
Fire
can
be
a
swift
destruction
of
crops
if
farmers
are
not
careful
.
Fire
can
be
a
swift
destruction
of
crops
if
farmers
are
not
careful
.
•
The
army's
new
weapon
was
a
terrifying
destruction
in
battle
.
The
army's
new
weapon
was
a
terrifying
destruction
in
battle
.
Developed
figurative
sense
from
the
main
noun
,
first
recorded
in
the
1400s
when
writers
personified
ruin
as
an
active
destroyer
.
champion
noun
a
person
or
team
that
wins
first
place
in
a
contest
or
competition
•
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
became
the
champion
of
the
city
marathon
.
After
months
of
training
,
Maria
became
the
champion
of
the
city
marathon
.
•
The
boxer
lifted
the
gold
belt
high
as
the
new
world
champion
.
The
boxer
lifted
the
gold
belt
high
as
the
new
world
champion
.
From
Middle
English
champioun
,
from
Old
French
champion
,
from
Medieval
Latin
campio
‘
combatant
’
noun
a
person
who
strongly
supports
or
defends
a
cause
,
idea
,
or
group
of
people
•
Rosa
Parks
is
remembered
as
a
champion
of
civil
rights
.
Rosa
Parks
is
remembered
as
a
champion
of
civil
rights
.
•
Scientists
are
becoming
champions
for
climate
action
.
Scientists
are
becoming
champions
for
climate
action
.
verb
-
champion
,
championing
,
champions
,
championed
to
actively
support
,
defend
,
or
fight
for
a
person
,
idea
,
or
cause
•
The
young
lawyer
vowed
to
champion
the
rights
of
migrant
workers
.
The
young
lawyer
vowed
to
champion
the
rights
of
migrant
workers
.
•
She
championed
renewable
energy
policies
throughout
her
career
.
She
championed
renewable
energy
policies
throughout
her
career
.
violation
noun
the
act
of
breaking
or
disobeying
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
•
Parking
on
the
sidewalk
is
a
clear
violation
of
city
rules
.
Parking
on
the
sidewalk
is
a
clear
violation
of
city
rules
.
•
The
company
was
fined
for
a
serious
violation
of
safety
regulations
.
The
company
was
fined
for
a
serious
violation
of
safety
regulations
.
From
Latin
violatio
“
damage
,
infringement
,”
from
violare
“
to
treat
with
violence
.”
noun
in
basketball
and
some
other
sports
,
a
minor
rules
infraction
that
stops
play
and
gives
the
ball
to
the
other
team
•
The
referee
blew
the
whistle
for
a
traveling
violation
.
The
referee
blew
the
whistle
for
a
traveling
violation
.
•
A
shot-clock
violation
erased
the
last-second
basket
.
A
shot-clock
violation
erased
the
last-second
basket
.
noun
an
action
that
harms
or
ignores
someone
’
s
rights
,
privacy
,
or
personal
space
•
Publishing
her
private
letters
online
felt
like
a
violation
of
her
privacy
.
Publishing
her
private
letters
online
felt
like
a
violation
of
her
privacy
.
•
The
protesters
marched
against
the
violation
of
human
rights
.
The
protesters
marched
against
the
violation
of
human
rights
.
noun
the
crime
of
forcing
someone
to
have
sex
without
consent
;
rape
•
The
court
convicted
him
for
the
violation
of
the
victim
.
The
court
convicted
him
for
the
violation
of
the
victim
.
•
Survivors
of
sexual
violation
often
need
long-term
support
.
Survivors
of
sexual
violation
often
need
long-term
support
.
presentation
noun
a
talk
,
lecture
,
or
demonstration
that
explains
information
to
an
audience
•
Maya
used
colorful
slides
during
her
presentation
on
climate
change
.
Maya
used
colorful
slides
during
her
presentation
on
climate
change
.
•
The
team
rehearsed
their
group
presentation
late
into
the
night
.
The
team
rehearsed
their
group
presentation
late
into
the
night
.
noun
the
position
in
which
a
baby
lies
in
the
mother
’
s
womb
before
birth
•
An
ultrasound
can
reveal
a
breech
presentation
,
where
the
baby
’
s
feet
are
facing
downward
.
An
ultrasound
can
reveal
a
breech
presentation
,
where
the
baby
’
s
feet
are
facing
downward
.
•
The
doctor
explained
that
a
head-first
presentation
is
the
safest
for
delivery
.
The
doctor
explained
that
a
head-first
presentation
is
the
safest
for
delivery
.
vacation
noun
a
period
of
time
when
you
do
not
work
or
go
to
school
and
you
rest
,
travel
,
or
do
enjoyable
things
•
Our
family
is
planning
a
two-week
vacation
to
Hawaii
this
summer
.
Our
family
is
planning
a
two-week
vacation
to
Hawaii
this
summer
.
•
After
months
of
overtime
,
she
really
needed
a
short
vacation
.
After
months
of
overtime
,
she
really
needed
a
short
vacation
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
vacātiō
meaning
“
freedom
from
duty
”.
The
modern
leisure
sense
developed
in
American
English
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
a
scheduled
break
between
terms
when
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
is
closed
•
Students
had
to
move
out
of
the
dorms
during
the
winter
vacation
.
Students
had
to
move
out
of
the
dorms
during
the
winter
vacation
.
•
He
found
an
internship
to
fill
his
summer
vacation
.
He
found
an
internship
to
fill
his
summer
vacation
.
verb
to
spend
a
period
of
time
away
from
home
for
rest
or
pleasure
•
They
vacation
in
Italy
every
spring
.
They
vacation
in
Italy
every
spring
.
•
We
plan
to
vacation
near
the
lakes
this
autumn
.
We
plan
to
vacation
near
the
lakes
this
autumn
.
dimension
noun
a
measurable
extent
such
as
length
,
width
,
or
height
of
an
object
or
space
•
The
carpenter
measured
each
dimension
of
the
table
before
cutting
the
wood
.
The
carpenter
measured
each
dimension
of
the
table
before
cutting
the
wood
.
•
Our
new
fridge
fits
because
its
dimensions
are
smaller
than
the
old
one
.
Our
new
fridge
fits
because
its
dimensions
are
smaller
than
the
old
one
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
dimension
or
Latin
dimensio
‘
measurement
’,
from
dimetiri
‘
to
measure
out
’.
noun
a
particular
aspect
,
quality
,
or
way
of
looking
at
a
situation
or
idea
•
Respect
adds
an
important
dimension
to
any
friendship
.
Respect
adds
an
important
dimension
to
any
friendship
.
•
The
cultural
dimension
of
the
project
was
often
overlooked
.
The
cultural
dimension
of
the
project
was
often
overlooked
.
noun
a
separate
universe
or
realm
of
existence
imagined
in
science
fiction
and
fantasy
•
The
story
follows
a
hero
who
falls
into
a
strange
dimension
filled
with
talking
animals
.
The
story
follows
a
hero
who
falls
into
a
strange
dimension
filled
with
talking
animals
.
•
Scientists
in
the
movie
opened
a
portal
to
another
dimension
.
Scientists
in
the
movie
opened
a
portal
to
another
dimension
.
noun
in
mathematics
and
physics
,
one
of
the
independent
directions
or
coordinates
needed
to
describe
the
position
of
a
point
or
the
properties
of
space
•
In
math
class
,
we
learned
that
a
line
has
one
dimension
.
In
math
class
,
we
learned
that
a
line
has
one
dimension
.
•
A
cube
extends
into
a
third
dimension
.
A
cube
extends
into
a
third
dimension
.
verb
-
dimension
,
dimensioning
,
dimensions
,
dimensioned
to
mark
,
specify
,
or
design
the
measurements
of
something
•
The
engineer
dimensioned
each
bolt
hole
to
the
nearest
millimeter
.
The
engineer
dimensioned
each
bolt
hole
to
the
nearest
millimeter
.
•
Please
dimension
the
component
so
the
machinist
knows
its
size
.
Please
dimension
the
component
so
the
machinist
knows
its
size
.
coalition
noun
a
group
of
people
,
political
parties
,
organizations
,
or
countries
that
temporarily
join
together
for
a
shared
goal
,
especially
in
politics
or
social
action
•
Several
small
parties
formed
a
coalition
to
gain
a
majority
in
parliament
.
Several
small
parties
formed
a
coalition
to
gain
a
majority
in
parliament
.
•
Environmental
groups
joined
a
coalition
to
save
the
river
from
pollution
.
Environmental
groups
joined
a
coalition
to
save
the
river
from
pollution
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
17th
century
from
Latin
‘
coalitio
’
meaning
‘
a
growing
together
’,
from
‘
coalescere
’ ‘
to
unite
’.
concentration
noun
the
ability
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
thought
,
activity
,
or
object
without
being
distracted
•
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
’
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
’
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
•
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
from
Latin
‘
concentrare
’
meaning
‘
to
bring
to
the
centre
’,
later
used
figuratively
for
mental
focus
noun
the
amount
of
a
substance
present
in
a
mixture
or
solution
compared
with
the
total
amount
of
the
mixture
or
solution
•
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
•
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
extended
scientific
use
from
sense
of
‘
bringing
substances
together
’
in
the
19th
century
noun
a
large
number
or
amount
of
people
or
things
gathered
in
one
place
•
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
•
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
sense
of
‘
gathering
together
’
appeared
in
English
in
the
17th
century
noun
the
act
of
making
a
liquid
or
substance
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
diluting
material
•
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
•
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
derived
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
bringing
together
’
applied
to
liquids
in
the
mid-19th
century
expansion
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
act
or
process
of
becoming
larger
,
wider
,
or
more
numerous
•
The
rapid
expansion
of
the
city
has
created
many
new
jobs
.
The
rapid
expansion
of
the
city
has
created
many
new
jobs
.
•
During
the
company
’
s
expansion
into
Asia
,
they
opened
three
new
offices
.
During
the
company
’
s
expansion
into
Asia
,
they
opened
three
new
offices
.
From
Latin
‘
expansio
’
meaning
a
spreading
out
,
from
‘
expandere
’ “
to
spread
out
.”
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
full
written-out
form
of
a
mathematical
expression
,
series
,
or
equation
after
it
has
been
multiplied
or
otherwise
developed
•
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
write
the
expansion
of
(
a
+
b
)
^3
.
The
teacher
asked
the
class
to
write
the
expansion
of
(
a
+
b
)
^3
.
•
Using
the
binomial
theorem
makes
finding
the
series
expansion
much
easier
.
Using
the
binomial
theorem
makes
finding
the
series
expansion
much
easier
.
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
an
additional
set
of
levels
,
features
,
or
content
released
to
extend
an
existing
video
game
,
board
game
,
or
software
product
•
Players
welcomed
the
new
expansion
because
it
added
a
whole
continent
to
explore
.
Players
welcomed
the
new
expansion
because
it
added
a
whole
continent
to
explore
.
•
The
board-game
expansion
introduces
fresh
cards
and
alternate
endings
.
The
board-game
expansion
introduces
fresh
cards
and
alternate
endings
.
noun
-
expand
,
expanding
,
expands
,
expanded
the
period
in
an
economic
cycle
when
output
,
employment
,
and
spending
are
rising
•
GDP
growth
of
4%
signaled
a
healthy
economic
expansion
.
GDP
growth
of
4%
signaled
a
healthy
economic
expansion
.
•
During
the
expansion
phase
,
companies
often
hire
more
workers
.
During
the
expansion
phase
,
companies
often
hire
more
workers
.
preparation
noun
the
action
or
process
of
getting
something
or
someone
ready
for
use
,
activity
,
or
an
event
•
After
weeks
of
careful
preparation
,
the
students
finally
presented
their
science
project
.
After
weeks
of
careful
preparation
,
the
students
finally
presented
their
science
project
.
•
Good
preparation
helped
the
marathon
runner
avoid
injuries
during
the
race
.
Good
preparation
helped
the
marathon
runner
avoid
injuries
during
the
race
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
praeparatio
(
n-
),
from
praeparare
‘
make
ready
beforehand
’,
from
prae
‘
before
’
+
parare
‘
make
ready
’.
noun
a
substance
,
mixture
,
or
product
that
has
been
made
ready
for
a
particular
use
•
The
doctor
prescribed
a
herbal
preparation
to
ease
her
cough
.
The
doctor
prescribed
a
herbal
preparation
to
ease
her
cough
.
•
This
vitamin
preparation
should
be
taken
with
food
.
This
vitamin
preparation
should
be
taken
with
food
.
Sense
developed
in
the
17th
century
as
specialized
products
began
to
be
created
for
medicine
,
cooking
,
and
art
.
preparations
noun
the
plans
,
arrangements
,
and
tasks
done
before
an
event
happens
•
Final
preparations
for
the
wedding
were
finished
the
night
before
.
Final
preparations
for
the
wedding
were
finished
the
night
before
.
•
They
made
emergency
preparations
in
case
the
storm
hit
the
town
.
They
made
emergency
preparations
in
case
the
storm
hit
the
town
.
The
plural
sense
emphasizing
collective
arrangements
became
common
in
the
18th
century
,
especially
in
reference
to
social
events
.
innovation
noun
a
new
idea
,
product
,
or
way
of
doing
something
that
has
not
existed
before
•
The
company
released
an
innovation
that
lets
smartphones
fold
like
books
.
The
company
released
an
innovation
that
lets
smartphones
fold
like
books
.
•
Solar-powered
backpacks
are
an
exciting
innovation
for
hikers
who
need
to
charge
devices
on
the
trail
.
Solar-powered
backpacks
are
an
exciting
innovation
for
hikers
who
need
to
charge
devices
on
the
trail
.
From
Latin
innovātiō
(“
renewal
”),
from
innovō
(“
I
renew
,
alter
”).
noun
the
act
or
process
of
introducing
new
ideas
,
methods
,
or
things
•
Innovation
drives
economic
growth
and
creates
new
jobs
.
Innovation
drives
economic
growth
and
creates
new
jobs
.
•
The
school
encourages
innovation
by
letting
students
design
their
own
science
projects
.
The
school
encourages
innovation
by
letting
students
design
their
own
science
projects
.
variation
noun
the
amount
of
change
or
difference
that
exists
between
similar
things
,
times
,
or
situations
•
There
is
very
little
variation
in
temperature
between
day
and
night
in
the
desert
.
There
is
very
little
variation
in
temperature
between
day
and
night
in
the
desert
.
•
Scientists
recorded
a
sudden
variation
in
the
river
’
s
water
level
after
the
heavy
rain
.
Scientists
recorded
a
sudden
variation
in
the
river
’
s
water
level
after
the
heavy
rain
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
variatio
‘
difference
,
change
’,
from
variare
‘
to
change
’.
noun
a
form
of
something
that
has
been
changed
slightly
from
the
original
•
We
played
a
fun
variation
of
chess
where
each
player
starts
with
two
queens
.
We
played
a
fun
variation
of
chess
where
each
player
starts
with
two
queens
.
•
Vegetarian
chili
is
a
tasty
variation
on
the
classic
meat
recipe
.
Vegetarian
chili
is
a
tasty
variation
on
the
classic
meat
recipe
.
noun
in
music
,
a
piece
or
section
that
presents
a
melody
again
with
imaginative
changes
•
The
pianist
performed
a
brilliant
variation
on
the
simple
folk
tune
.
The
pianist
performed
a
brilliant
variation
on
the
simple
folk
tune
.
•
Beethoven
’
s
Diabelli
Variations
are
famous
for
their
creativity
.
Beethoven
’
s
Diabelli
Variations
are
famous
for
their
creativity
.
noun
natural
difference
in
the
characteristics
of
organisms
within
a
species
•
Genetic
variation
helps
a
species
adapt
to
changing
environments
.
Genetic
variation
helps
a
species
adapt
to
changing
environments
.
•
The
study
found
considerable
variation
in
beak
size
among
the
island
’
s
finches
.
The
study
found
considerable
variation
in
beak
size
among
the
island
’
s
finches
.
noun
the
angle
between
geographic
north
and
magnetic
north
at
a
particular
place
,
used
in
navigation
•
Sailors
must
correct
for
magnetic
variation
when
plotting
a
course
.
Sailors
must
correct
for
magnetic
variation
when
plotting
a
course
.
•
The
local
variation
changes
slowly
over
decades
.
The
local
variation
changes
slowly
over
decades
.
introduction
noun
the
first
part
of
a
book
,
essay
,
speech
,
or
similar
work
that
explains
what
it
will
be
about
•
I
always
read
the
introduction
before
starting
the
first
chapter
.
I
always
read
the
introduction
before
starting
the
first
chapter
.
•
The
professor
’
s
lecture
began
with
a
clear
introduction
to
the
topic
.
The
professor
’
s
lecture
began
with
a
clear
introduction
to
the
topic
.
Sense
developed
in
16th-century
English
to
refer
to
the
opening
section
of
a
written
work
.
noun
the
formal
act
of
making
two
or
more
people
known
to
each
other
•
“
May
I
make
an
introduction
?
This
is
my
sister
,
Emily
,”
he
said
with
a
smile
.
“
May
I
make
an
introduction
?
This
is
my
sister
,
Emily
,”
he
said
with
a
smile
.
•
After
a
brief
introduction
,
the
guests
began
to
mingle
around
the
garden
.
After
a
brief
introduction
,
the
guests
began
to
mingle
around
the
garden
.
late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
introductio
,
from
introducere
‘
lead
in
’.
noun
the
act
of
bringing
something
into
use
or
existence
for
the
first
time
•
The
introduction
of
electric
cars
has
changed
the
automobile
industry
.
The
introduction
of
electric
cars
has
changed
the
automobile
industry
.
•
Many
jobs
were
created
after
the
introduction
of
the
new
tax
policy
.
Many
jobs
were
created
after
the
introduction
of
the
new
tax
policy
.
Industrial-era
extension
of
the
base
sense
“
to
bring
in
”,
applied
to
new
products
and
policies
.
noun
a
beginner-level
course
,
book
,
or
talk
that
teaches
the
basic
facts
about
a
subject
•
I
’
m
taking
an
Introduction
to
Philosophy
this
semester
.
I
’
m
taking
an
Introduction
to
Philosophy
this
semester
.
•
The
book
“
An
Introduction
to
Robotics
”
explains
concepts
in
simple
language
.
The
book
“
An
Introduction
to
Robotics
”
explains
concepts
in
simple
language
.
Pedagogical
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
as
universities
expanded
subject
surveys
.
noun
a
short
opening
passage
of
music
that
comes
before
the
main
part
of
a
piece
•
The
song
’
s
piano
introduction
is
calm
before
the
drums
kick
in
.
The
song
’
s
piano
introduction
is
calm
before
the
drums
kick
in
.
•
The
orchestra
rehearsed
the
slow
introduction
several
times
.
The
orchestra
rehearsed
the
slow
introduction
several
times
.
Borrowed
into
musical
terminology
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
an
opening
segment
.
limitation
noun
a
rule
,
condition
,
or
fact
that
restricts
what
is
possible
or
allowed
•
The
speed
limitation
on
this
road
is
50
miles
per
hour
.
The
speed
limitation
on
this
road
is
50
miles
per
hour
.
•
Because
of
budget
limitations
,
the
school
can't
hire
more
teachers
.
Because
of
budget
limitations
,
the
school
can't
hire
more
teachers
.
From
Latin
limītātiō
‘
a
bounding
or
restricting
’,
from
līmitāre
‘
to
bound
,
limit
’.
noun
the
act
of
controlling
the
size
,
amount
,
or
extent
of
something
•
The
limitation
of
salt
in
your
diet
can
lower
blood
pressure
.
The
limitation
of
salt
in
your
diet
can
lower
blood
pressure
.
•
They
discussed
the
limitation
of
greenhouse
gas
emissions
at
the
summit
.
They
discussed
the
limitation
of
greenhouse
gas
emissions
at
the
summit
.
noun
a
fault
or
weakness
that
makes
someone
or
something
less
effective
•
One
major
limitation
of
the
device
is
its
short
battery
life
.
One
major
limitation
of
the
device
is
its
short
battery
life
.
•
She
acknowledged
her
own
limitations
and
asked
for
help
.
She
acknowledged
her
own
limitations
and
asked
for
help
.
noun
a
legally
fixed
period
after
which
a
claim
or
prosecution
can
no
longer
be
brought
•
The
claim
was
dismissed
because
the
period
of
limitation
had
expired
.
The
claim
was
dismissed
because
the
period
of
limitation
had
expired
.
•
Under
the
new
law
,
the
limitation
for
fraud
cases
is
ten
years
.
Under
the
new
law
,
the
limitation
for
fraud
cases
is
ten
years
.
representation
noun
a
picture
,
model
,
or
other
likeness
that
shows
what
something
looks
like
•
The
museum
displayed
a
3-D
representation
of
an
ancient
city
.
The
museum
displayed
a
3-D
representation
of
an
ancient
city
.
•
This
painting
is
a
beautiful
representation
of
the
countryside
at
dawn
.
This
painting
is
a
beautiful
representation
of
the
countryside
at
dawn
.
See
main
entry
etymology
.
noun
the
act
of
speaking
or
acting
for
another
person
or
group
•
The
workers
asked
a
lawyer
to
provide
legal
representation
during
the
contract
talks
.
The
workers
asked
a
lawyer
to
provide
legal
representation
during
the
contract
talks
.
•
Parents
want
strong
representation
on
the
school
board
to
voice
their
concerns
.
Parents
want
strong
representation
on
the
school
board
to
voice
their
concerns
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
repraesentatio
(
n-
) ‘
presentation
,
image
’,
from
repraesentare
‘
bring
before
,
exhibit
’.
noun
the
presence
of
elected
or
appointed
people
who
speak
for
a
population
in
a
governing
body
•
Many
activists
campaign
for
better
representation
of
minorities
in
parliament
.
Many
activists
campaign
for
better
representation
of
minorities
in
parliament
.
•
Taxation
without
representation
was
a
major
cause
of
the
American
Revolution
.
Taxation
without
representation
was
a
major
cause
of
the
American
Revolution
.
See
main
entry
etymology
.
noun
a
formal
statement
or
complaint
made
to
an
authority
•
Residents
made
a
written
representation
to
the
council
about
the
frequent
power
cuts
.
Residents
made
a
written
representation
to
the
council
about
the
frequent
power
cuts
.
•
Our
lawyer
will
prepare
a
representation
outlining
the
environmental
risks
.
Our
lawyer
will
prepare
a
representation
outlining
the
environmental
risks
.
See
main
entry
etymology
.
obligation
noun
something
you
must
do
because
a
law
,
promise
,
or
your
own
sense
of
duty
requires
it
•
As
a
nurse
,
Sarah
felt
an
obligation
to
stay
late
and
care
for
her
patients
.
As
a
nurse
,
Sarah
felt
an
obligation
to
stay
late
and
care
for
her
patients
.
•
Parents
have
an
obligation
to
provide
a
safe
home
for
their
children
.
Parents
have
an
obligation
to
provide
a
safe
home
for
their
children
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
obligatio
,
from
obligare
‘
to
bind
’ (
ob-
‘
towards
’
+
ligare
‘
to
tie
’).
noun
a
feeling
that
you
must
do
something
to
thank
or
repay
someone
who
has
helped
you
•
After
saving
his
life
,
she
felt
an
obligation
to
visit
the
firefighter
and
thank
him
.
After
saving
his
life
,
she
felt
an
obligation
to
visit
the
firefighter
and
thank
him
.
•
I
invited
her
to
dinner
because
I
was
under
an
obligation
after
she
helped
me
move
.
I
invited
her
to
dinner
because
I
was
under
an
obligation
after
she
helped
me
move
.
noun
a
formal
legal
or
financial
agreement
that
binds
someone
to
pay
money
or
perform
a
specific
action
•
The
company
issued
bonds
as
a
financial
obligation
to
raise
capital
.
The
company
issued
bonds
as
a
financial
obligation
to
raise
capital
.
•
By
taking
the
loan
,
Amir
accepted
the
obligation
to
make
monthly
payments
.
By
taking
the
loan
,
Amir
accepted
the
obligation
to
make
monthly
payments
.
medication
noun
a
medicine
or
drug
that
is
used
to
treat
,
cure
,
or
prevent
an
illness
or
condition
•
The
doctor
prescribed
a
new
medication
to
lower
her
blood
pressure
.
The
doctor
prescribed
a
new
medication
to
lower
her
blood
pressure
.
•
Make
sure
you
take
your
medication
with
food
to
avoid
an
upset
stomach
.
Make
sure
you
take
your
medication
with
food
to
avoid
an
upset
stomach
.
From
Latin
medicātiō
(“
healing
,
curing
”),
from
medicārī
(“
to
heal
”),
plus
the
English
noun-forming
suffix
–tion
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
treating
someone
or
something
with
medicine
•
Proper
medication
of
the
wound
prevented
infection
.
Proper
medication
of
the
wound
prevented
infection
.
•
Her
condition
improved
after
weeks
of
careful
medication
.
Her
condition
improved
after
weeks
of
careful
medication
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
:
derived
from
Latin
medicātiō
;
this
sense
developed
in
English
to
describe
the
treatment
process
itself
.
motivation
noun
a
reason
or
purpose
that
makes
someone
decide
to
do
something
•
Her
main
motivation
for
studying
late
was
to
pass
the
exam
.
Her
main
motivation
for
studying
late
was
to
pass
the
exam
.
•
The
promise
of
a
bonus
served
as
strong
motivation
for
the
sales
team
.
The
promise
of
a
bonus
served
as
strong
motivation
for
the
sales
team
.
From
Latin
motivus
(“
moving
”)
+
-ation
,
meaning
something
that
moves
a
person
to
act
.
extension
noun
extra
time
that
is
allowed
beyond
an
original
limit
or
deadline
•
My
boss
gave
me
a
one-day
extension
to
finish
the
report
.
My
boss
gave
me
a
one-day
extension
to
finish
the
report
.
•
Library
members
can
request
an
extension
on
borrowed
books
online
.
Library
members
can
request
an
extension
on
borrowed
books
online
.
noun
a
telephone
line
within
a
large
system
that
has
its
own
short
number
•
To
reach
the
sales
department
,
dial
555-1200
then
extension
3
.
To
reach
the
sales
department
,
dial
555-1200
then
extension
3
.
•
She
transferred
the
call
to
John's
extension
.
She
transferred
the
call
to
John's
extension
.
noun
the
act
of
making
something
longer
,
larger
,
or
lasting
for
a
longer
period
•
The
university
announced
the
extension
of
the
application
deadline
by
two
weeks
.
The
university
announced
the
extension
of
the
application
deadline
by
two
weeks
.
•
Engineers
planned
the
extension
of
the
railway
line
into
the
mountains
.
Engineers
planned
the
extension
of
the
railway
line
into
the
mountains
.
From
Latin
extensio
(“
a
stretching
out
”),
from
extendere
(“
to
stretch
out
”).
noun
a
new
room
or
section
that
is
added
to
a
building
to
make
it
bigger
•
They
built
a
glass
extension
at
the
back
of
the
house
as
a
new
kitchen
.
They
built
a
glass
extension
at
the
back
of
the
house
as
a
new
kitchen
.
•
The
museum's
modern
extension
contrasts
with
the
old
stone
facade
.
The
museum's
modern
extension
contrasts
with
the
old
stone
facade
.
noun
the
group
of
letters
at
the
end
of
a
computer
file
name
that
shows
what
type
of
file
it
is
•
The
document
saved
with
the
.
pdf
extension
opens
on
any
computer
.
The
document
saved
with
the
.
pdf
extension
opens
on
any
computer
.
•
Change
the
extension
from
.
txt
to
.
csv
before
uploading
.
Change
the
extension
from
.
txt
to
.
csv
before
uploading
.
noun
a
piece
of
artificial
or
extra
hair
that
is
attached
to
natural
hair
to
add
length
or
volume
•
She
clipped
a
long
blonde
extension
into
her
hair
for
the
wedding
.
She
clipped
a
long
blonde
extension
into
her
hair
for
the
wedding
.
•
Hairdressers
offer
tape-in
and
clip-in
extension
options
.
Hairdressers
offer
tape-in
and
clip-in
extension
options
.
onion
noun
a
round
vegetable
made
of
many
thin
layers
,
with
a
strong
smell
and
taste
,
that
grows
underground
as
the
bulb
of
the
onion
plant
•
She
sliced
an
onion
to
add
flavor
to
the
soup
.
She
sliced
an
onion
to
add
flavor
to
the
soup
.
•
Tears
ran
down
his
face
as
he
chopped
the
onion
.
Tears
ran
down
his
face
as
he
chopped
the
onion
.
Old
English
‘
ynnele
’
and
‘
ungeon
’,
from
Latin
‘
unio
’
meaning
‘
single
(
bulb
)’
because
it
forms
one
large
bulb
rather
than
many
cloves
like
garlic
.
noun
an
object
,
idea
,
or
situation
that
has
many
layers
,
each
one
revealing
something
new
as
you
examine
it
more
deeply
•
Understanding
the
tax
code
is
like
peeling
an
onion
—
there
is
always
another
layer
underneath
.
Understanding
the
tax
code
is
like
peeling
an
onion
—
there
is
always
another
layer
underneath
.
•
Her
personality
was
an
onion
of
secrets
waiting
to
be
revealed
.
Her
personality
was
an
onion
of
secrets
waiting
to
be
revealed
.
The
figurative
use
comes
from
the
vegetable
’
s
structure
of
concentric
layers
that
can
be
peeled
away
.
noun
the
special-use
internet
domain
suffix
.
onion
that
identifies
hidden
websites
accessible
only
through
the
Tor
network
•
Developers
create
services
with
a
.
onion
address
to
protect
users
’
privacy
.
Developers
create
services
with
a
.
onion
address
to
protect
users
’
privacy
.
•
Journalists
often
visit
.
onion
sites
to
contact
whistle-blowers
safely
.
Journalists
often
visit
.
onion
sites
to
contact
whistle-blowers
safely
.
Named
after
“
onion
routing
,”
a
privacy
technique
where
messages
are
wrapped
in
multiple
layers
of
encryption
,
like
the
layers
of
an
onion
.
reflection
noun
an
image
that
you
can
see
of
yourself
or
something
else
in
a
mirror
,
water
,
glass
,
or
another
shiny
surface
•
He
straightened
his
tie
while
studying
his
reflection
in
the
shop
window
.
He
straightened
his
tie
while
studying
his
reflection
in
the
shop
window
.
•
The
snow-covered
mountains
formed
a
perfect
reflection
on
the
calm
lake
.
The
snow-covered
mountains
formed
a
perfect
reflection
on
the
calm
lake
.
noun
the
return
of
light
,
sound
,
heat
,
or
other
energy
from
a
surface
back
toward
its
source
without
being
absorbed
•
The
moon
lit
the
lake
,
and
the
reflection
of
its
pale
glow
danced
on
the
water
.
The
moon
lit
the
lake
,
and
the
reflection
of
its
pale
glow
danced
on
the
water
.
•
When
you
clap
in
a
large
empty
hall
,
the
sharp
reflection
of
the
sound
comes
back
as
a
loud
echo
.
When
you
clap
in
a
large
empty
hall
,
the
sharp
reflection
of
the
sound
comes
back
as
a
loud
echo
.
from
Latin
reflexio
“
a
bending
back
,”
from
reflectere
“
to
bend
back
”
noun
careful
thought
or
serious
consideration
about
something
•
After
a
moment
of
quiet
reflection
,
she
chose
a
different
career
path
.
After
a
moment
of
quiet
reflection
,
she
chose
a
different
career
path
.
•
Meditation
gives
him
time
for
daily
reflection
on
his
goals
.
Meditation
gives
him
time
for
daily
reflection
on
his
goals
.
noun
something
that
shows
,
expresses
,
or
is
a
sign
of
the
state
,
quality
,
or
character
of
something
else
•
The
students
’
high
grades
are
a
reflection
of
their
hard
work
.
The
students
’
high
grades
are
a
reflection
of
their
hard
work
.
•
Poor
customer
service
is
a
negative
reflection
on
a
company
’
s
reputation
.
Poor
customer
service
is
a
negative
reflection
on
a
company
’
s
reputation
.
permission
noun
the
act
of
allowing
someone
to
do
something
,
or
the
state
of
being
allowed
to
do
it
;
consent
or
authorization
•
Sara
asked
her
parents
for
permission
to
stay
out
late
.
Sara
asked
her
parents
for
permission
to
stay
out
late
.
•
“
You
do
not
have
permission
to
enter
this
area
,”
the
guard
said
firmly
.
“
You
do
not
have
permission
to
enter
this
area
,”
the
guard
said
firmly
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
permissioun
",
from
Latin
"
permissio
"
meaning
"
allowance
",
from
"
permittere
" "
to
allow
".
noun
in
computing
,
a
setting
or
rule
that
decides
what
a
user
or
program
is
allowed
to
do
with
a
file
,
folder
,
or
resource
•
The
administrator
changed
the
file
’
s
permissions
to
read-only
.
The
administrator
changed
the
file
’
s
permissions
to
read-only
.
•
Without
the
right
permission
,
the
app
cannot
access
your
camera
.
Without
the
right
permission
,
the
app
cannot
access
your
camera
.
Borrowed
into
technical
jargon
in
the
1960s–70s
as
computer
operating
systems
began
to
include
access-control
lists
.
lion
noun
a
large
,
powerful
,
flesh-eating
cat
of
Africa
and
parts
of
Asia
,
with
a
short
tawny
coat
,
tufted
tail
,
and
(
in
the
male
)
a
heavy
mane
•
At
the
zoo
,
the
lion
let
out
a
thunderous
roar
that
thrilled
the
crowd
.
At
the
zoo
,
the
lion
let
out
a
thunderous
roar
that
thrilled
the
crowd
.
•
A
pride
of
lions
rested
under
the
shade
of
an
acacia
tree
on
the
savanna
.
A
pride
of
lions
rested
under
the
shade
of
an
acacia
tree
on
the
savanna
.
Old
French
lion
,
from
Latin
leo
,
leonis
,
from
Ancient
Greek
leōn
.
noun
a
person
admired
for
great
courage
,
strength
,
or
leadership
•
During
the
fire
,
the
volunteer
firefighter
proved
to
be
a
lion
and
saved
three
children
.
During
the
fire
,
the
volunteer
firefighter
proved
to
be
a
lion
and
saved
three
children
.
•
She
may
look
small
,
but
on
the
basketball
court
she
plays
like
a
lion
.
She
may
look
small
,
but
on
the
basketball
court
she
plays
like
a
lion
.
noun
a
person
who
is
the
center
of
attention
and
admiration
at
a
social
event
•
With
his
jokes
and
stories
,
Marcus
was
the
lion
of
the
dinner
party
.
With
his
jokes
and
stories
,
Marcus
was
the
lion
of
the
dinner
party
.
•
The
famous
actor
entered
the
gala
and
instantly
became
the
lion
of
the
evening
.
The
famous
actor
entered
the
gala
and
instantly
became
the
lion
of
the
evening
.
consumption
noun
the
act
of
using
,
eating
,
or
drinking
something
until
it
is
gone
•
The
country's
consumption
of
electricity
rises
sharply
during
summer
heatwaves
.
The
country's
consumption
of
electricity
rises
sharply
during
summer
heatwaves
.
•
Too
much
sugar
consumption
can
harm
your
teeth
.
Too
much
sugar
consumption
can
harm
your
teeth
.
From
Latin
consummātiōnem
“
using
up
,
completion
”,
later
used
in
English
for
the
act
of
using
goods
.
noun
the
amount
of
something
that
is
used
or
eaten
•
New
engines
cut
fuel
consumption
by
20
percent
.
New
engines
cut
fuel
consumption
by
20
percent
.
•
You
can
check
your
phone's
data
consumption
in
the
settings
menu
.
You
can
check
your
phone's
data
consumption
in
the
settings
menu
.
noun
(
dated
)
tuberculosis
,
a
serious
disease
that
mainly
affects
the
lungs
•
In
the
1800s
,
many
famous
poets
died
of
consumption
.
In
the
1800s
,
many
famous
poets
died
of
consumption
.
•
Modern
antibiotics
can
cure
consumption
,
now
called
tuberculosis
.
Modern
antibiotics
can
cure
consumption
,
now
called
tuberculosis
.
The
medical
sense
comes
from
the
idea
of
the
disease
"
consuming
"
the
body's
flesh
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
emission
noun
a
substance
such
as
gas
,
smoke
,
or
light
that
is
released
into
the
air
,
especially
pollutants
from
vehicles
or
factories
•
Car
emissions
are
a
major
cause
of
urban
pollution
.
Car
emissions
are
a
major
cause
of
urban
pollution
.
•
The
factory
installed
filters
to
cut
its
toxic
emissions
.
The
factory
installed
filters
to
cut
its
toxic
emissions
.
noun
the
release
of
energy
in
the
form
of
light
or
other
electromagnetic
waves
from
a
substance
•
The
bright
glow
is
caused
by
the
emission
of
photons
as
electrons
drop
to
lower
energy
levels
.
The
bright
glow
is
caused
by
the
emission
of
photons
as
electrons
drop
to
lower
energy
levels
.
•
Astronomers
study
the
radio
emission
from
distant
galaxies
.
Astronomers
study
the
radio
emission
from
distant
galaxies
.
imagination
noun
the
ability
to
think
of
new
ideas
,
pictures
,
or
stories
that
are
not
present
or
real
•
Children
often
use
their
imagination
to
turn
a
cardboard
box
into
a
rocket
ship
.
Children
often
use
their
imagination
to
turn
a
cardboard
box
into
a
rocket
ship
.
•
With
a
little
imagination
,
yesterday
’
s
leftovers
became
a
delicious
stew
for
dinner
.
With
a
little
imagination
,
yesterday
’
s
leftovers
became
a
delicious
stew
for
dinner
.
From
Middle
French
imagination
,
from
Latin
imaginatio
“
a
picture
,
idea
,
imagination
”,
from
imaginari
“
to
picture
to
oneself
”.
noun
a
picture
,
idea
,
or
thing
that
someone
thinks
of
that
is
not
real
•
The
strange
noise
in
the
attic
was
only
my
imagination
.
The
strange
noise
in
the
attic
was
only
my
imagination
.
•
In
her
imagination
,
she
walked
along
a
beach
even
while
sitting
in
the
busy
office
.
In
her
imagination
,
she
walked
along
a
beach
even
while
sitting
in
the
busy
office
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Latin
imaginatio
“
a
picture
,
idea
”.
implementation
noun
the
act
of
putting
a
plan
,
decision
,
or
system
into
action
so
that
it
operates
in
the
real
world
•
The
implementation
of
the
new
recycling
program
began
last
month
.
The
implementation
of
the
new
recycling
program
began
last
month
.
•
Successful
implementation
requires
careful
planning
and
training
.
Successful
implementation
requires
careful
planning
and
training
.
from
implement
+
-ation
;
implement
traces
back
to
Latin
implēre
“
to
fill
,
accomplish
”
noun
a
specific
version
or
way
of
carrying
out
a
design
,
idea
,
or
technical
specification
,
especially
in
computing
•
The
open-source
library
is
just
one
implementation
of
the
algorithm
.
The
open-source
library
is
just
one
implementation
of
the
algorithm
.
•
Each
smartphone
brand
has
its
own
implementation
of
the
Android
operating
system
.
Each
smartphone
brand
has
its
own
implementation
of
the
Android
operating
system
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
implement
+
-ation
;
technical
sense
arose
in
20th-century
computing
.
profession
noun
a
paid
job
or
career
that
needs
special
training
and
skills
•
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
•
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
professio
(
n-
) ‘
public
declaration
,
occupation
’,
from
profiteri
‘
declare
publicly
’.
noun
the
act
of
openly
stating
a
belief
,
feeling
,
or
intention
,
especially
in
public
•
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
•
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
from
the
idea
of
publicly
declaring
one
’
s
beliefs
.
distinction
noun
a
clear
difference
between
two
or
more
people
,
things
,
or
ideas
•
There
is
a
clear
distinction
between
fact
and
opinion
.
There
is
a
clear
distinction
between
fact
and
opinion
.
•
The
law
makes
no
distinction
between
rich
and
poor
citizens
.
The
law
makes
no
distinction
between
rich
and
poor
citizens
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
distinctio
’
meaning
‘
separation
,
distinction
’.
noun
a
special
feature
or
quality
that
makes
someone
or
something
noticeably
different
•
The
city
has
the
unique
distinction
of
being
both
the
oldest
and
the
greenest
in
the
region
.
The
city
has
the
unique
distinction
of
being
both
the
oldest
and
the
greenest
in
the
region
.
•
He
holds
the
rare
distinction
of
playing
professionally
in
two
different
sports
leagues
.
He
holds
the
rare
distinction
of
playing
professionally
in
two
different
sports
leagues
.
From
Latin
‘
distingere
’
meaning
‘
to
separate
,
set
apart
’,
emphasizing
a
special
quality
that
differentiates
.
formation
noun
the
act
or
process
of
creating
or
developing
something
•
The
rapid
formation
of
ice
on
the
pond
surprised
the
children
.
The
rapid
formation
of
ice
on
the
pond
surprised
the
children
.
•
Language
teachers
study
the
formation
of
new
words
over
time
.
Language
teachers
study
the
formation
of
new
words
over
time
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
formatio
meaning
‘
a
shaping
,
a
forming
’,
from
formare
‘
to
form
’.
noun
a
physical
structure
or
pattern
that
has
been
naturally
or
artificially
created
•
Tourists
flocked
to
see
the
towering
sandstone
formation
in
the
desert
.
Tourists
flocked
to
see
the
towering
sandstone
formation
in
the
desert
.
•
Coral
reefs
are
a
delicate
formation
built
by
tiny
sea
creatures
.
Coral
reefs
are
a
delicate
formation
built
by
tiny
sea
creatures
.
noun
an
orderly
arrangement
or
pattern
in
which
people
,
animals
,
or
vehicles
move
or
stand
•
The
soldiers
marched
in
perfect
formation
during
the
parade
.
The
soldiers
marched
in
perfect
formation
during
the
parade
.
•
Five
jets
streaked
across
the
sky
in
a
tight
V
formation
.
Five
jets
streaked
across
the
sky
in
a
tight
V
formation
.
examination
noun
a
test
of
knowledge
or
skill
,
especially
in
school
,
college
,
or
for
a
qualification
•
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
Lena
studied
all
weekend
for
her
math
examination
on
Monday
.
•
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
The
students
cheered
when
they
learned
the
history
examination
would
be
multiple
choice
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
examinatio
‘
weighing
,
testing
’.
noun
a
check-up
by
a
doctor
to
see
if
someone
is
healthy
or
to
find
the
cause
of
an
illness
•
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
The
doctor
performed
a
physical
examination
before
prescribing
medicine
.
•
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
Regular
eye
examination
can
detect
problems
early
.
noun
the
act
of
looking
at
something
very
carefully
to
understand
it
or
find
problems
•
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
After
close
examination
,
the
engineer
found
a
crack
in
the
bridge
support
.
•
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
The
detective's
examination
of
the
crime
scene
lasted
all
night
.
noun
formal
questioning
of
a
witness
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
The
lawyer's
sharp
examination
made
the
witness
reveal
new
facts
.
•
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
During
cross-examination
,
the
defense
tried
to
challenge
the
timeline
.
correlation
noun
a
connection
or
relationship
between
two
or
more
things
in
which
a
change
in
one
is
often
linked
with
a
change
in
another
•
Researchers
found
a
strong
correlation
between
regular
exercise
and
happier
moods
in
teenagers
.
Researchers
found
a
strong
correlation
between
regular
exercise
and
happier
moods
in
teenagers
.
•
There
seems
to
be
little
correlation
between
how
wealthy
someone
is
and
how
generous
they
are
.
There
seems
to
be
little
correlation
between
how
wealthy
someone
is
and
how
generous
they
are
.
from
Latin
correlatio
(“
reciprocal
relation
”),
from
com-
(“
together
”)
+
relatio
(“
bringing
back
,
relation
”)
noun
in
statistics
,
a
numerical
measure
that
shows
how
strongly
and
in
what
direction
two
variables
move
together
•
The
Pearson
correlation
coefficient
for
the
data
set
was
0
.
87
,
indicating
a
strong
positive
relationship
.
The
Pearson
correlation
coefficient
for
the
data
set
was
0
.
87
,
indicating
a
strong
positive
relationship
.
•
A
scatter
graph
that
slopes
downward
usually
signals
a
negative
correlation
.
A
scatter
graph
that
slopes
downward
usually
signals
a
negative
correlation
.
extended
from
the
general
sense
in
early
20th-century
mathematical
statistics
admission
noun
permission
to
enter
a
place
,
event
,
or
organization
•
Admission
to
the
castle
is
free
for
children
under
five
.
Admission
to
the
castle
is
free
for
children
under
five
.
•
They
were
refused
admission
because
the
concert
hall
was
already
full
.
They
were
refused
admission
because
the
concert
hall
was
already
full
.
noun
the
money
you
must
pay
to
enter
a
place
or
event
•
Museum
admission
is
only
five
dollars
on
Mondays
.
Museum
admission
is
only
five
dollars
on
Mondays
.
•
I
forgot
to
budget
for
the
admission
to
the
theme
park
.
I
forgot
to
budget
for
the
admission
to
the
theme
park
.
noun
a
statement
in
which
someone
accepts
that
something
is
true
or
that
they
have
done
something
wrong
•
Her
public
admission
of
guilt
shocked
everyone
.
Her
public
admission
of
guilt
shocked
everyone
.
•
The
politician's
admission
that
he
had
lied
ended
his
career
.
The
politician's
admission
that
he
had
lied
ended
his
career
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
allowing
someone
to
join
a
school
,
college
,
hospital
,
or
other
institution
•
She
received
an
admission
letter
from
Harvard
.
She
received
an
admission
letter
from
Harvard
.
•
Hospital
admissions
increase
during
flu
season
.
Hospital
admissions
increase
during
flu
season
.
explosion
noun
a
violent
burst
in
which
something
such
as
a
bomb
,
gas
,
or
fuel
suddenly
releases
energy
,
causing
a
loud
noise
,
heat
,
and
destruction
•
The
old
warehouse
shook
when
the
explosion
ripped
through
the
building
.
The
old
warehouse
shook
when
the
explosion
ripped
through
the
building
.
•
Firefighters
rushed
to
the
scene
after
the
gas
pipe
explosion
.
Firefighters
rushed
to
the
scene
after
the
gas
pipe
explosion
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
Latin
explosio
(
n-
),
from
explos-
‘
driven
out
by
clapping
’,
from
the
verb
explodere
.
noun
a
sudden
very
loud
noise
like
that
made
by
something
bursting
•
We
heard
a
distant
explosion
and
looked
up
from
our
picnic
.
We
heard
a
distant
explosion
and
looked
up
from
our
picnic
.
•
The
fireworks
ended
with
a
final
deafening
explosion
.
The
fireworks
ended
with
a
final
deafening
explosion
.
noun
a
sudden
,
great
,
and
rapid
increase
in
something
•
There
has
been
an
explosion
of
online
learning
tools
in
recent
years
.
There
has
been
an
explosion
of
online
learning
tools
in
recent
years
.
•
The
city
saw
an
explosion
in
tourism
after
the
festival
.
The
city
saw
an
explosion
in
tourism
after
the
festival
.
noun
a
sudden
and
strong
expression
of
emotion
such
as
anger
,
laughter
,
or
relief
•
His
unexpected
explosion
of
anger
left
everyone
silent
.
His
unexpected
explosion
of
anger
left
everyone
silent
.
•
She
apologized
after
her
explosion
at
the
meeting
.
She
apologized
after
her
explosion
at
the
meeting
.
proportion
noun
the
part
or
share
of
a
whole
that
something
represents
,
often
expressed
as
a
fraction
or
percentage
•
A
large
proportion
of
the
class
voted
for
a
science
field
trip
.
A
large
proportion
of
the
class
voted
for
a
science
field
trip
.
•
Only
a
small
proportion
of
the
village
owns
cars
.
Only
a
small
proportion
of
the
village
owns
cars
.
Middle
English
from
Old
French
proportion
,
from
Latin
proportio
‘
comparative
relation
of
one
part
to
another
’.
noun
a
relationship
between
two
amounts
shown
by
a
ratio
,
often
used
to
describe
how
much
of
one
thing
is
mixed
with
another
•
Mix
the
paint
and
water
in
a
proportion
of
two
to
one
.
Mix
the
paint
and
water
in
a
proportion
of
two
to
one
.
•
The
recipe
calls
for
equal
proportions
of
flour
and
sugar
.
The
recipe
calls
for
equal
proportions
of
flour
and
sugar
.
noun
the
size
,
shape
,
or
overall
dimensions
of
something
,
especially
when
judged
in
relation
to
other
parts
•
The
architect
admired
the
elegant
proportions
of
the
ancient
temple
.
The
architect
admired
the
elegant
proportions
of
the
ancient
temple
.
•
A
doll
with
wrong
body
proportions
can
look
unsettling
.
A
doll
with
wrong
body
proportions
can
look
unsettling
.
verb
to
adjust
or
design
something
so
that
its
amount
,
size
,
or
shape
matches
or
relates
well
to
something
else
•
The
staircase
was
carefully
proportioned
to
fit
the
narrow
hallway
.
The
staircase
was
carefully
proportioned
to
fit
the
narrow
hallway
.
•
She
proportioned
the
ingredients
so
the
sauce
had
the
right
thickness
.
She
proportioned
the
ingredients
so
the
sauce
had
the
right
thickness
.
inflation
noun
a
sustained
rise
in
the
overall
prices
of
goods
and
services
,
which
makes
each
unit
of
money
buy
less
than
before
•
Shoppers
noticed
that
the
price
of
bread
had
doubled
because
of
inflation
.
Shoppers
noticed
that
the
price
of
bread
had
doubled
because
of
inflation
.
•
The
central
bank
raised
interest
rates
to
slow
soaring
inflation
.
The
central
bank
raised
interest
rates
to
slow
soaring
inflation
.
From
Latin
‘
inflare
’
meaning
‘
to
blow
into
’,
applied
figuratively
in
19th-century
economics
to
describe
prices
swelling
like
a
balloon
.
noun
the
process
of
filling
something
with
air
or
gas
so
that
it
becomes
larger
or
firm
•
After
pumping
for
a
minute
,
the
bicycle
tire
grew
hard
during
inflation
.
After
pumping
for
a
minute
,
the
bicycle
tire
grew
hard
during
inflation
.
•
The
children
laughed
as
the
colorful
balloon
swelled
with
each
puff
of
inflation
.
The
children
laughed
as
the
colorful
balloon
swelled
with
each
puff
of
inflation
.
Directly
from
Latin
‘
inflare
’
meaning
‘
to
blow
into
’,
first
appearing
in
English
in
the
15th
century
to
describe
blowing
air
into
objects
.
noun
a
rapid
or
excessive
increase
in
the
amount
or
level
of
something
,
so
it
loses
its
usual
value
or
impact
•
Universities
worry
that
grade
inflation
makes
high
marks
less
meaningful
.
Universities
worry
that
grade
inflation
makes
high
marks
less
meaningful
.
•
Ego
inflation
turned
the
talented
actor
into
a
diva
on
set
.
Ego
inflation
turned
the
talented
actor
into
a
diva
on
set
.
Extended
figurative
use
evolved
in
the
20th
century
from
the
economic
sense
,
applying
‘
inflated
’
prices
metaphorically
to
other
swollen
quantities
.
composition
noun
a
short
piece
of
writing
done
as
a
school
exercise
•
For
homework
,
we
have
to
write
a
short
composition
about
our
weekend
.
For
homework
,
we
have
to
write
a
short
composition
about
our
weekend
.
•
The
teacher
praised
my
composition
for
its
clear
structure
.
The
teacher
praised
my
composition
for
its
clear
structure
.
noun
the
parts
or
substances
that
something
is
made
of
•
The
chemical
composition
of
water
is
two
parts
hydrogen
and
one
part
oxygen
.
The
chemical
composition
of
water
is
two
parts
hydrogen
and
one
part
oxygen
.
•
Changes
in
the
team's
composition
improved
their
performance
.
Changes
in
the
team's
composition
improved
their
performance
.
noun
a
piece
of
music
,
writing
,
or
art
that
someone
has
created
•
Beethoven
finished
his
final
composition
shortly
before
he
died
.
Beethoven
finished
his
final
composition
shortly
before
he
died
.
•
The
young
author
sold
her
first
composition
to
a
magazine
.
The
young
author
sold
her
first
composition
to
a
magazine
.
noun
the
arrangement
of
elements
within
a
picture
,
design
,
or
scene
•
The
photograph
’
s
composition
draws
the
viewer
’
s
eye
to
the
distant
mountains
.
The
photograph
’
s
composition
draws
the
viewer
’
s
eye
to
the
distant
mountains
.
•
Good
painters
pay
close
attention
to
composition
and
color
balance
.
Good
painters
pay
close
attention
to
composition
and
color
balance
.
satisfaction
noun
a
happy
or
content
feeling
you
get
when
something
you
wanted
or
hoped
for
happens
or
is
achieved
•
Maria
smiled
with
deep
satisfaction
after
handing
in
her
finished
painting
.
Maria
smiled
with
deep
satisfaction
after
handing
in
her
finished
painting
.
•
The
team
shouted
in
satisfaction
when
the
final
whistle
confirmed
their
victory
.
The
team
shouted
in
satisfaction
when
the
final
whistle
confirmed
their
victory
.
From
Latin
satisfactio
,
meaning
‘
a
making
enough
,
a
fulfilling
’.
noun
formal
:
the
payment
of
a
debt
,
claim
,
or
penalty
so
that
an
obligation
is
fully
settled
•
The
borrower
made
full
satisfaction
of
the
loan
before
the
deadline
.
The
borrower
made
full
satisfaction
of
the
loan
before
the
deadline
.
•
Upon
satisfaction
of
the
judgment
,
the
court
lifted
the
lien
on
her
property
.
Upon
satisfaction
of
the
judgment
,
the
court
lifted
the
lien
on
her
property
.
discrimination
noun
unfair
treatment
of
a
person
or
group
because
of
race
,
gender
,
age
,
religion
,
or
other
characteristics
rather
than
individual
ability
•
The
company
introduced
new
policies
to
prevent
discrimination
against
female
employees
.
The
company
introduced
new
policies
to
prevent
discrimination
against
female
employees
.
•
Many
countries
have
laws
that
ban
racial
discrimination
in
housing
.
Many
countries
have
laws
that
ban
racial
discrimination
in
housing
.
From
Latin
discriminatio
“
separation
,
distinction
,”
from
discriminare
“
to
divide
,
distinguish
,”
based
on
crimen
“
judgment
,
crime
.”
noun
the
ability
to
notice
and
understand
small
differences
between
similar
things
•
A
sommelier
’
s
skill
depends
on
fine
discrimination
between
subtle
flavors
.
A
sommelier
’
s
skill
depends
on
fine
discrimination
between
subtle
flavors
.
•
Color-blindness
reduces
a
person
’
s
discrimination
of
red
and
green
hues
.
Color-blindness
reduces
a
person
’
s
discrimination
of
red
and
green
hues
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
Latin
discriminatio
“
distinction
.”
Early
17th
century
use
expanded
to
mean
‘
power
of
distinguishing
’.
celebration
noun
a
joyful
social
event
held
to
mark
a
special
occasion
,
success
,
or
holiday
•
We
held
a
big
celebration
for
Grandma's
90th
birthday
.
We
held
a
big
celebration
for
Grandma's
90th
birthday
.
•
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
team
organized
a
street
celebration
.
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
team
organized
a
street
celebration
.
From
Latin
celebratiō
(“
frequented
,
solemnizing
of
a
day
”).
noun
the
act
of
showing
happiness
or
respect
for
something
through
activities
,
words
,
or
ritual
•
There
was
much
celebration
when
the
results
were
announced
.
There
was
much
celebration
when
the
results
were
announced
.
•
Music
and
dancing
are
forms
of
celebration
in
many
cultures
.
Music
and
dancing
are
forms
of
celebration
in
many
cultures
.
From
Latin
celebratiō
,
same
as
Sense
1
.
identification
noun
the
act
or
process
of
recognizing
or
proving
who
or
what
someone
or
something
is
•
The
witness
’
s
quick
identification
of
the
thief
helped
the
police
make
an
arrest
.
The
witness
’
s
quick
identification
of
the
thief
helped
the
police
make
an
arrest
.
•
Accurate
species
identification
is
essential
for
protecting
endangered
animals
.
Accurate
species
identification
is
essential
for
protecting
endangered
animals
.
From
Medieval
Latin
identificātiō
,
formed
from
Latin
idem
“
same
”
+
facere
“
to
make
”
+
noun
ending
‑tiō
.
noun
an
official
document
,
card
,
or
other
proof
that
shows
who
a
person
is
•
The
security
guard
asked
every
visitor
to
show
photo
identification
.
The
security
guard
asked
every
visitor
to
show
photo
identification
.
•
Remember
to
bring
two
forms
of
identification
when
you
apply
for
the
passport
.
Remember
to
bring
two
forms
of
identification
when
you
apply
for
the
passport
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
;
applied
to
documents
from
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
a
strong
feeling
of
connection
or
empathy
with
another
person
or
group
because
of
shared
qualities
or
experiences
•
Many
readers
feel
deep
identification
with
the
novel
’
s
courageous
heroine
.
Many
readers
feel
deep
identification
with
the
novel
’
s
courageous
heroine
.
•
Her
own
struggles
created
a
strong
identification
with
the
patients
she
cared
for
.
Her
own
struggles
created
a
strong
identification
with
the
patients
she
cared
for
.
Adopted
into
psychology
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
emotional
alignment
with
others
.
conviction
noun
a
strong
and
firmly
held
belief
or
opinion
•
Maya
spoke
with
deep
conviction
about
protecting
the
rainforest
.
Maya
spoke
with
deep
conviction
about
protecting
the
rainforest
.
•
The
activist
’
s
unwavering
conviction
inspired
the
crowd
to
join
the
march
.
The
activist
’
s
unwavering
conviction
inspired
the
crowd
to
join
the
march
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
conviction
,
from
Latin
convictiō
‘
proof
,
refutation
’,
from
convincere
‘
to
convince
’.
noun
the
formal
decision
in
a
court
that
someone
is
guilty
of
a
crime
•
After
a
tense
trial
,
the
jury
returned
a
conviction
for
fraud
.
After
a
tense
trial
,
the
jury
returned
a
conviction
for
fraud
.
•
Because
of
her
earlier
conviction
,
she
struggled
to
find
employment
.
Because
of
her
earlier
conviction
,
she
struggled
to
find
employment
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
conviction
,
from
Latin
convictiō
‘
proof
,
refutation
’,
from
convincere
‘
to
convict
’.
restriction
noun
a
rule
or
condition
that
limits
what
people
can
do
•
New
water
restrictions
were
imposed
during
the
drought
.
New
water
restrictions
were
imposed
during
the
drought
.
•
The
park
has
a
noise
restriction
that
bans
loud
music
after
9
p
.
m
.
The
park
has
a
noise
restriction
that
bans
loud
music
after
9
p
.
m
.
From
Latin
‘
restrictio
’
meaning
‘
a
binding
back
’
or
‘
confinement
’.
recession
noun
a
period
of
time
when
a
country
’
s
business
activity
shrinks
,
companies
earn
and
produce
less
,
and
many
people
lose
or
cannot
find
jobs
•
During
the
2008
recession
,
my
father
was
laid
off
from
the
factory
.
During
the
2008
recession
,
my
father
was
laid
off
from
the
factory
.
•
Many
small
cafés
downtown
closed
as
the
recession
deepened
.
Many
small
cafés
downtown
closed
as
the
recession
deepened
.
From
Latin
recessio
“
a
going
back
,
retreat
”,
from
recedere
“
to
go
back
”.
Economic
use
began
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
the
gradual
loss
or
pulling
back
of
gum
tissue
around
the
teeth
•
Brushing
too
hard
can
lead
to
gum
recession
.
Brushing
too
hard
can
lead
to
gum
recession
.
•
My
dentist
measured
the
recessions
around
my
lower
front
teeth
.
My
dentist
measured
the
recessions
around
my
lower
front
teeth
.
Medical
sense
extends
the
general
idea
of
‘
going
back
’
to
gum
tissue
,
recorded
since
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
the
act
or
process
of
moving
back
or
retreating
from
a
previous
position
•
The
slow
recession
of
the
glacier
has
revealed
ancient
forests
long
buried
under
ice
.
The
slow
recession
of
the
glacier
has
revealed
ancient
forests
long
buried
under
ice
.
•
The
recession
of
the
floodwaters
allowed
villagers
to
return
to
their
homes
.
The
recession
of
the
floodwaters
allowed
villagers
to
return
to
their
homes
.
Same
Latin
root
recessio
“
a
going
back
”.
Used
of
natural
phenomena
since
the
17th
century
.
allegation
noun
a
statement
claiming
someone
has
done
something
wrong
or
illegal
,
made
without
yet
showing
proof
•
Several
employees
made
an
allegation
that
the
manager
had
stolen
company
funds
.
Several
employees
made
an
allegation
that
the
manager
had
stolen
company
funds
.
•
The
singer
firmly
denied
the
allegation
of
lip-syncing
during
the
live
show
.
The
singer
firmly
denied
the
allegation
of
lip-syncing
during
the
live
show
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
late
Latin
allegatio
(
n-
),
from
Latin
allegare
‘
adduce
in
support
’.
noun
(
law
)
a
statement
of
fact
set
out
in
a
legal
document
that
a
party
must
prove
in
court
•
The
lawyer
added
an
allegation
of
negligence
to
the
civil
complaint
.
The
lawyer
added
an
allegation
of
negligence
to
the
civil
complaint
.
•
Every
allegation
in
the
brief
must
be
supported
by
evidence
at
trial
.
Every
allegation
in
the
brief
must
be
supported
by
evidence
at
trial
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
:
from
Latin
allegatio
‘
a
bringing
forward
,
alleging
’.
exhibition
noun
a
public
show
of
objects
,
artworks
,
or
information
for
people
to
look
at
•
The
city
museum
is
hosting
an
exhibition
of
ancient
Egyptian
artifacts
.
The
city
museum
is
hosting
an
exhibition
of
ancient
Egyptian
artifacts
.
•
Tickets
sold
out
quickly
for
the
photography
exhibition
at
the
art
center
.
Tickets
sold
out
quickly
for
the
photography
exhibition
at
the
art
center
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
exhibere
’
meaning
‘
to
show
’
plus
the
suffix
‘
-ion
’.
noun
a
sports
event
held
mainly
to
entertain
or
practice
and
not
counting
toward
official
competition
results
•
The
two
basketball
teams
played
an
exhibition
game
before
the
season
started
.
The
two
basketball
teams
played
an
exhibition
game
before
the
season
started
.
•
Fans
loved
the
special
exhibition
match
between
the
retired
stars
.
Fans
loved
the
special
exhibition
match
between
the
retired
stars
.
noun
a
showing
or
demonstration
of
a
quality
,
skill
,
or
behaviour
for
others
to
see
•
Her
piano
solo
was
an
impressive
exhibition
of
talent
.
Her
piano
solo
was
an
impressive
exhibition
of
talent
.
•
The
striker's
hat-trick
was
an
exhibition
of
pure
skill
.
The
striker's
hat-trick
was
an
exhibition
of
pure
skill
.
nomination
noun
the
act
of
formally
suggesting
someone
or
something
for
a
job
,
election
,
prize
,
or
other
position
of
honor
•
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
The
film
received
a
nomination
for
Best
Picture
at
the
Oscars
.
•
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Ella
was
thrilled
by
her
nomination
to
the
city
council
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
nominatio
‘
a
naming
’.
noun
a
written
instruction
naming
the
person
who
will
receive
money
or
other
benefits
from
an
account
,
insurance
policy
,
or
investment
if
the
holder
dies
•
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
When
opening
the
savings
account
,
Ravi
filled
in
a
nomination
so
his
wife
would
get
the
funds
.
•
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Without
a
proper
nomination
,
the
insurance
payout
could
be
delayed
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
naming
’
in
the
late
19th
century
banking
and
insurance
practices
.
sanction
noun
an
official
penalty
or
punishment
imposed
for
breaking
a
rule
or
law
•
The
athlete
faced
a
one-year
sanction
for
using
banned
substances
.
The
athlete
faced
a
one-year
sanction
for
using
banned
substances
.
•
Parking
in
a
fire
lane
can
result
in
a
heavy
sanction
.
Parking
in
a
fire
lane
can
result
in
a
heavy
sanction
.
From
Latin
sancīre
“
to
make
sacred
,
decree
.”
noun
official
approval
or
permission
to
do
something
•
The
board
gave
its
sanction
for
the
new
community
garden
.
The
board
gave
its
sanction
for
the
new
community
garden
.
•
Construction
cannot
begin
without
governmental
sanction
.
Construction
cannot
begin
without
governmental
sanction
.
Sense
arose
from
the
idea
of
making
something
binding
or
sacred
by
authority
.
verb
to
officially
approve
or
allow
something
•
The
council
sanctioned
the
building
of
a
new
playground
.
The
council
sanctioned
the
building
of
a
new
playground
.
•
The
teacher
sanctions
quiet
discussion
during
group
work
.
The
teacher
sanctions
quiet
discussion
during
group
work
.
From
Latin
sancīre
“
to
decree
,
confirm
.”
verb
to
punish
or
impose
an
official
penalty
on
someone
or
something
•
The
league
sanctioned
the
team
for
fielding
an
ineligible
player
.
The
league
sanctioned
the
team
for
fielding
an
ineligible
player
.
•
Regulators
sanctioned
the
bank
after
repeated
violations
.
Regulators
sanctioned
the
bank
after
repeated
violations
.
Meaning
"
to
penalize
"
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
noun
sense
of
"
penalty
."
sanctions
noun
economic
or
political
measures
taken
by
one
or
more
nations
to
force
another
nation
to
comply
with
laws
or
norms
•
Several
countries
placed
trade
sanctions
on
the
regime
.
Several
countries
placed
trade
sanctions
on
the
regime
.
•
The
harsh
sanctions
have
crippled
the
nation's
economy
.
The
harsh
sanctions
have
crippled
the
nation's
economy
.
Plural
use
developed
in
the
20th
century
for
coordinated
economic
or
political
penalties
.
possession
noun
an
object
or
group
of
objects
that
someone
owns
•
After
the
yard
sale
,
Emma
donated
the
unsold
possessions
to
charity
.
After
the
yard
sale
,
Emma
donated
the
unsold
possessions
to
charity
.
•
Travelling
light
,
he
carried
all
his
possessions
in
one
backpack
.
Travelling
light
,
he
carried
all
his
possessions
in
one
backpack
.
prediction
noun
a
statement
about
what
you
think
will
happen
in
the
future
•
The
scientist
’
s
prediction
about
the
storm
proved
correct
.
The
scientist
’
s
prediction
about
the
storm
proved
correct
.
•
Before
kick-off
,
fans
shared
their
prediction
of
which
team
would
win
the
soccer
match
.
Before
kick-off
,
fans
shared
their
prediction
of
which
team
would
win
the
soccer
match
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
praedictio
‘
a
foretelling
’,
from
praedicere
‘
to
say
beforehand
’.
corruption
noun
dishonest
or
illegal
behaviour
by
people
in
power
who
abuse
their
position
for
personal
gain
•
The
journalist
uncovered
massive
corruption
in
the
city
government
.
The
journalist
uncovered
massive
corruption
in
the
city
government
.
•
Citizens
marched
in
protest
,
demanding
an
end
to
political
corruption
.
Citizens
marched
in
protest
,
demanding
an
end
to
political
corruption
.
From
Latin
‘
corruptio
’ (
spoiling
,
breaking
down
),
from
‘
corrumpere
’
meaning
‘
to
destroy
or
spoil
’.
noun
the
process
of
something
becoming
spoiled
,
impure
,
or
morally
decayed
•
High
humidity
caused
the
metal
to
weaken
through
corruption
over
time
.
High
humidity
caused
the
metal
to
weaken
through
corruption
over
time
.
•
The
historian
studied
the
moral
corruption
that
ruined
the
ancient
empire
.
The
historian
studied
the
moral
corruption
that
ruined
the
ancient
empire
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
;
Latin
roots
relating
to
‘
spoiling
’
or
‘
breaking
apart
’.
noun
a
change
or
error
in
language
,
text
,
or
computer
data
that
makes
it
damaged
,
inaccurate
,
or
unusable
•
A
sudden
power
cut
resulted
in
the
corruption
of
the
saved
file
.
A
sudden
power
cut
resulted
in
the
corruption
of
the
saved
file
.
•
Scholars
debate
whether
the
manuscript
shows
corruption
in
its
copied
lines
.
Scholars
debate
whether
the
manuscript
shows
corruption
in
its
copied
lines
.
Extended
modern
sense
influenced
by
computer
science
jargon
in
the
1960s
,
applying
the
older
idea
of
‘
spoiling
’
to
electronic
data
.
reservation
noun
an
arrangement
you
make
in
advance
so
that
a
seat
,
table
,
hotel
room
,
ticket
,
or
other
service
is
kept
for
you
•
I
called
the
restaurant
and
made
a
reservation
for
two
at
7
p
.
m
.
I
called
the
restaurant
and
made
a
reservation
for
two
at
7
p
.
m
.
•
Without
a
reservation
,
all
the
hotel
rooms
were
already
taken
.
Without
a
reservation
,
all
the
hotel
rooms
were
already
taken
.
From
French
réservation
,
based
on
Latin
reservare
“
to
keep
back
.”
First
used
in
English
in
the
15th
century
for
the
act
of
keeping
something
back
and
later
for
advance
booking
in
the
19th
century
.
noun
a
feeling
of
doubt
or
a
reason
for
not
fully
accepting
a
plan
,
idea
,
or
agreement
•
She
agreed
to
the
proposal
,
but
with
some
reservations
.
She
agreed
to
the
proposal
,
but
with
some
reservations
.
•
I
still
have
serious
reservations
about
moving
overseas
.
I
still
have
serious
reservations
about
moving
overseas
.
Sense
of
“
doubt
”
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
the
idea
of
holding
something
back
in
the
mind
.
noun
in
North
America
,
an
area
of
land
kept
for
and
governed
by
a
particular
Indigenous
people
•
The
Navajo
Nation's
reservation
covers
parts
of
Arizona
,
Utah
,
and
New
Mexico
.
The
Navajo
Nation's
reservation
covers
parts
of
Arizona
,
Utah
,
and
New
Mexico
.
•
Visitors
must
follow
special
rules
when
entering
the
tribal
reservation
.
Visitors
must
follow
special
rules
when
entering
the
tribal
reservation
.
Adopted
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
land
the
U
.
S
.
government
“
reserved
”
for
Indigenous
nations
.
donation
noun
something
,
especially
money
or
goods
,
that
you
willingly
give
to
help
a
person
,
group
,
or
cause
•
Many
people
make
a
small
donation
to
the
food
bank
every
month
.
Many
people
make
a
small
donation
to
the
food
bank
every
month
.
•
The
museum
survives
thanks
to
a
generous
donation
from
local
businesses
.
The
museum
survives
thanks
to
a
generous
donation
from
local
businesses
.
Early
15th
century
:
from
Latin
dōnātiō
,
dōnātiōnem
‘
a
giving
’ (
from
the
verb
dōnāre
‘
to
give
as
a
gift
’).
noun
the
act
of
giving
blood
,
organs
,
or
other
body
tissue
so
they
can
be
used
to
treat
someone
else
•
After
giving
a
blood
donation
,
he
enjoyed
a
snack
and
some
juice
at
the
clinic
.
After
giving
a
blood
donation
,
he
enjoyed
a
snack
and
some
juice
at
the
clinic
.
•
Her
kidney
donation
saved
her
brother's
life
.
Her
kidney
donation
saved
her
brother's
life
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
:
from
Latin
dōnātiō
‘
a
giving
’.
The
medical
meaning
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
with
advances
in
transfusion
and
transplantation
.
pension
noun
money
that
a
person
regularly
receives
after
they
retire
from
work
,
usually
paid
each
month
by
the
government
or
by
a
former
employer
•
After
working
for
forty
years
,
Maria
was
happy
to
live
comfortably
on
her
pension
.
After
working
for
forty
years
,
Maria
was
happy
to
live
comfortably
on
her
pension
.
•
He
spent
part
of
his
monthly
pension
on
gifts
for
his
grandchildren
.
He
spent
part
of
his
monthly
pension
on
gifts
for
his
grandchildren
.
From
Latin
pensiō
‘
payment
’,
through
Old
French
pension
meaning
‘
regular
payment
’
noun
a
small
,
inexpensive
hotel
or
guesthouse
,
especially
in
Europe
,
where
meals
are
often
included
with
the
room
•
We
booked
a
cozy
pension
near
the
Austrian
lake
for
our
summer
holiday
.
We
booked
a
cozy
pension
near
the
Austrian
lake
for
our
summer
holiday
.
•
The
pension
owner
greeted
us
with
homemade
soup
when
we
arrived
.
The
pension
owner
greeted
us
with
homemade
soup
when
we
arrived
.
Borrowed
from
French
pension
‘
boarding
house
that
provides
meals
’
civilization
noun
the
stage
of
human
social
development
in
which
societies
form
cities
,
governments
,
writing
,
and
other
complex
institutions
•
Archaeologists
agree
that
the
invention
of
writing
marked
a
turning
point
in
human
civilization
.
Archaeologists
agree
that
the
invention
of
writing
marked
a
turning
point
in
human
civilization
.
•
Access
to
stable
food
supplies
allowed
civilization
to
flourish
along
the
Nile
River
.
Access
to
stable
food
supplies
allowed
civilization
to
flourish
along
the
Nile
River
.
From
Latin
civīlis
(“
civil
”)
+
–ation
,
originally
referring
to
the
process
of
making
a
society
civil
or
orderly
.
noun
a
particular
well-organized
human
society
that
existed
or
exists
at
a
specific
time
and
place
•
The
Mayan
civilization
built
towering
pyramids
in
the
jungle
.
The
Mayan
civilization
built
towering
pyramids
in
the
jungle
.
•
Roads
and
aqueducts
were
hallmarks
of
Roman
civilization
.
Roads
and
aqueducts
were
hallmarks
of
Roman
civilization
.
Sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
as
historians
began
comparing
distinct
societies
across
time
.
noun
the
comforts
and
conveniences
of
modern
life
,
especially
when
contrasted
with
remote
or
wild
places
•
After
hiking
for
five
days
,
they
were
eager
to
return
to
civilization
.
After
hiking
for
five
days
,
they
were
eager
to
return
to
civilization
.
•
The
cabin
had
no
electricity
,
leaving
us
completely
cut
off
from
civilization
.
The
cabin
had
no
electricity
,
leaving
us
completely
cut
off
from
civilization
.
By
the
late
19th
century
,
campers
and
explorers
began
using
the
word
humorously
to
mean
the
amenities
of
the
city
.
civilisation
noun
the
stage
of
human
social
development
in
which
societies
form
cities
,
governments
,
writing
,
and
other
complex
institutions
•
Students
explored
how
civilisation
first
emerged
in
the
Fertile
Crescent
.
Students
explored
how
civilisation
first
emerged
in
the
Fertile
Crescent
.
•
The
development
of
laws
was
essential
to
early
civilisation
.
The
development
of
laws
was
essential
to
early
civilisation
.
Borrowed
from
French
civilisation
,
ultimately
from
Latin
civīlis
(“
civil
”).
noun
a
particular
well-organised
human
society
that
existed
or
exists
at
a
specific
time
and
place
•
The
achievements
of
Greek
civilisation
still
influence
modern
architecture
.
The
achievements
of
Greek
civilisation
still
influence
modern
architecture
.
•
Artifacts
from
the
Mesopotamian
civilisation
are
displayed
in
the
museum
.
Artifacts
from
the
Mesopotamian
civilisation
are
displayed
in
the
museum
.
Adopted
in
British
English
in
the
18th
century
to
classify
historical
societies
.
noun
the
comforts
and
conveniences
of
modern
life
,
especially
when
contrasted
with
remote
or
wild
places
•
After
weeks
at
sea
,
the
crew
longed
for
the
pleasures
of
civilisation
.
After
weeks
at
sea
,
the
crew
longed
for
the
pleasures
of
civilisation
.
•
The
remote
cottage
had
no
internet
,
truly
miles
from
civilisation
.
The
remote
cottage
had
no
internet
,
truly
miles
from
civilisation
.
British
explorers
in
the
early
20th
century
often
used
the
word
lightly
to
mean
hot
baths
,
good
food
,
and
other
amenities
.
orientation
noun
the
direction
or
position
of
something
in
relation
to
its
surroundings
or
to
a
reference
point
•
The
architect
rotated
the
blueprint
to
check
the
orientation
of
the
main
entrance
toward
the
sunrise
.
The
architect
rotated
the
blueprint
to
check
the
orientation
of
the
main
entrance
toward
the
sunrise
.
•
She
switched
the
phone
’
s
screen
orientation
from
portrait
to
landscape
before
watching
the
movie
.
She
switched
the
phone
’
s
screen
orientation
from
portrait
to
landscape
before
watching
the
movie
.
From
Medieval
Latin
orientatio
,
originally
meaning
‘
turning
toward
the
east
’,
from
Latin
oriens
‘
east
,
rising
’.
inspiration
noun
a
sudden
clever
idea
or
strong
feeling
that
makes
you
want
to
create
or
do
something
•
While
sketching
in
the
park
,
Mia
felt
a
surge
of
inspiration
and
quickly
drew
a
new
character
.
While
sketching
in
the
park
,
Mia
felt
a
surge
of
inspiration
and
quickly
drew
a
new
character
.
•
The
chef
found
bold
inspiration
in
the
colorful
piles
of
peppers
and
herbs
at
the
farmers'
market
.
The
chef
found
bold
inspiration
in
the
colorful
piles
of
peppers
and
herbs
at
the
farmers'
market
.
from
Latin
‘
inspirare
’
meaning
‘
breathe
into
’
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
makes
you
want
to
do
something
better
or
be
creative
•
Grandma
,
who
learned
to
surf
at
70
,
is
an
inspiration
to
the
whole
family
.
Grandma
,
who
learned
to
surf
at
70
,
is
an
inspiration
to
the
whole
family
.
•
The
Paralympic
athletes
are
a
powerful
inspiration
for
young
people
everywhere
.
The
Paralympic
athletes
are
a
powerful
inspiration
for
young
people
everywhere
.
same
root
as
sense
1
,
but
used
for
a
person
or
thing
that
‘
breathes
life
’
into
effort
equation
noun
a
mathematical
or
scientific
statement
that
shows
that
two
expressions
are
equal
,
usually
written
with
the
symbol
�
equality
‘
=
’
•
The
teacher
wrote
a
simple
equation
on
the
board
:
3
+
2
=
5
.
The
teacher
wrote
a
simple
equation
on
the
board
:
3
+
2
=
5
.
•
If
you
move
the
4
to
the
other
side
,
the
equation
becomes
easier
to
solve
.
If
you
move
the
4
to
the
other
side
,
the
equation
becomes
easier
to
solve
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
aequatio
‘
making
equal
’,
from
aequare
‘
make
equal
’.
noun
a
situation
or
set
of
factors
that
must
be
considered
together
to
understand
or
solve
a
problem
•
Rising
costs
changed
the
whole
equation
for
the
new
product
launch
.
Rising
costs
changed
the
whole
equation
for
the
new
product
launch
.
•
When
planning
the
festival
,
weather
is
a
major
part
of
the
equation
.
When
planning
the
festival
,
weather
is
a
major
part
of
the
equation
.
Metaphorical
extension
of
the
mathematical
sense
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
19th
century
.
confusion
noun
a
feeling
of
not
understanding
something
and
being
unable
to
think
clearly
•
Maya
stared
at
the
complicated
subway
map
in
confusion
.
Maya
stared
at
the
complicated
subway
map
in
confusion
.
•
After
his
nap
,
Tom
blinked
in
confusion
when
he
realized
the
sun
had
already
set
.
After
his
nap
,
Tom
blinked
in
confusion
when
he
realized
the
sun
had
already
set
.
noun
a
state
of
disorder
where
things
are
not
arranged
or
controlled
properly
•
Papers
,
coffee
cups
,
and
cables
lay
everywhere
;
the
office
was
a
scene
of
complete
confusion
.
Papers
,
coffee
cups
,
and
cables
lay
everywhere
;
the
office
was
a
scene
of
complete
confusion
.
•
When
the
storm
knocked
out
the
traffic
lights
,
the
intersection
fell
into
confusion
.
When
the
storm
knocked
out
the
traffic
lights
,
the
intersection
fell
into
confusion
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
one
thing
is
mistaken
for
another
,
or
the
mistake
itself
•
There
was
some
confusion
between
the
identical
twins
at
the
registration
desk
.
There
was
some
confusion
between
the
identical
twins
at
the
registration
desk
.
•
The
similar
drug
names
caused
confusion
about
which
prescription
belonged
to
which
patient
.
The
similar
drug
names
caused
confusion
about
which
prescription
belonged
to
which
patient
.
adoption
noun
the
act
of
legally
taking
another
person
’
s
child
into
your
family
and
raising
the
child
as
your
own
•
After
years
of
paperwork
,
Maria
and
Luis
celebrated
the
official
adoption
of
their
baby
girl
.
After
years
of
paperwork
,
Maria
and
Luis
celebrated
the
official
adoption
of
their
baby
girl
.
•
The
agency
guided
the
couple
through
every
step
of
the
adoption
process
.
The
agency
guided
the
couple
through
every
step
of
the
adoption
process
.
From
Latin
adoptio
,
from
adoptare
“
to
choose
for
oneself
,
take
as
one
’
s
child
.”
noun
the
act
of
taking
an
animal
from
a
shelter
or
rescue
center
into
your
home
as
a
pet
•
Shelter
volunteers
celebrated
the
adoption
of
every
puppy
that
day
.
Shelter
volunteers
celebrated
the
adoption
of
every
puppy
that
day
.
•
Low
fees
during
the
weekend
led
to
a
record
number
of
cat
adoptions
.
Low
fees
during
the
weekend
led
to
a
record
number
of
cat
adoptions
.
Applied
to
pets
in
the
mid-20th
century
as
animal
shelters
promoted
finding
permanent
homes
for
stray
animals
.
noun
the
act
of
starting
to
use
or
accept
something
new
,
such
as
an
idea
,
method
,
or
technology
•
The
rapid
adoption
of
smartphones
changed
how
people
communicate
.
The
rapid
adoption
of
smartphones
changed
how
people
communicate
.
•
Government
incentives
encouraged
the
adoption
of
electric
cars
.
Government
incentives
encouraged
the
adoption
of
electric
cars
.
Sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
as
industry
began
to
adopt
new
technologies
,
extending
the
earlier
family-related
meaning
.
prescription
noun
a
written
order
from
a
doctor
telling
a
patient
which
medicine
to
take
and
how
to
take
it
•
The
doctor
handed
Maria
a
prescription
for
antibiotics
after
the
examination
.
The
doctor
handed
Maria
a
prescription
for
antibiotics
after
the
examination
.
•
Without
my
glasses
,
I
couldn't
read
the
small
print
on
the
prescription
.
Without
my
glasses
,
I
couldn't
read
the
small
print
on
the
prescription
.
From
Latin
praescriptiō
,
meaning
‘
written
before
’.
Originally
referred
to
legal
written
directions
,
later
used
for
medical
orders
.
noun
a
medicine
that
you
can
only
get
from
a
pharmacy
when
a
doctor
has
approved
it
•
The
pharmacist
told
Liam
his
prescription
would
be
ready
in
ten
minutes
.
The
pharmacist
told
Liam
his
prescription
would
be
ready
in
ten
minutes
.
•
After
surgery
,
the
doctor
gave
her
a
strong
painkiller
prescription
.
After
surgery
,
the
doctor
gave
her
a
strong
painkiller
prescription
.
noun
a
suggestion
or
plan
that
is
intended
to
solve
a
problem
or
improve
a
situation
•
The
report
offered
a
clear
prescription
for
reducing
traffic
in
the
city
.
The
report
offered
a
clear
prescription
for
reducing
traffic
in
the
city
.
•
Experts
disagree
on
the
best
economic
prescription
for
inflation
.
Experts
disagree
on
the
best
economic
prescription
for
inflation
.
noun
in
law
,
the
gaining
or
loss
of
a
right
because
a
certain
period
of
time
has
passed
•
The
family
claimed
the
land
by
prescription
after
farming
it
for
decades
.
The
family
claimed
the
land
by
prescription
after
farming
it
for
decades
.
•
The
crime
was
no
longer
prosecutable
because
the
statute
of
prescription
had
expired
.
The
crime
was
no
longer
prosecutable
because
the
statute
of
prescription
had
expired
.
transaction
noun
the
act
or
instance
of
buying
,
selling
,
or
exchanging
goods
,
services
,
or
money
•
Using
her
phone
,
Mia
completed
the
transaction
for
the
concert
tickets
in
seconds
.
Using
her
phone
,
Mia
completed
the
transaction
for
the
concert
tickets
in
seconds
.
•
The
cashier
handed
Luis
a
receipt
after
the
transaction
at
the
supermarket
checkout
.
The
cashier
handed
Luis
a
receipt
after
the
transaction
at
the
supermarket
checkout
.
Borrowed
from
Late
Latin
transactio
,
meaning
“
business
completed
,
agreement
.”
noun
in
computing
,
a
group
of
operations
processed
together
so
that
they
all
succeed
or
all
fail
as
one
unit
•
The
database
rolled
back
the
transaction
when
a
single
query
failed
.
The
database
rolled
back
the
transaction
when
a
single
query
failed
.
•
Each
bank
transfer
is
wrapped
in
a
secure
transaction
to
protect
the
data
.
Each
bank
transfer
is
wrapped
in
a
secure
transaction
to
protect
the
data
.
transformation
noun
a
thorough
or
dramatic
change
in
form
,
appearance
,
or
character
•
The
abandoned
warehouse
underwent
a
stunning
transformation
into
luxury
lofts
.
The
abandoned
warehouse
underwent
a
stunning
transformation
into
luxury
lofts
.
•
After
months
of
training
,
Marco's
body
transformation
amazed
his
friends
.
After
months
of
training
,
Marco's
body
transformation
amazed
his
friends
.
from
Latin
transformare
“
to
change
in
shape
,”
from
trans-
“
across
”
+
formare
“
to
form
.”
noun
in
stories
,
myths
,
or
magic
,
the
act
of
changing
one
thing
or
creature
into
another
•
The
witch
’
s
sudden
transformation
of
the
prince
into
a
frog
shocked
the
court
.
The
witch
’
s
sudden
transformation
of
the
prince
into
a
frog
shocked
the
court
.
•
In
the
legend
,
the
phoenix
’
s
fiery
death
leads
to
its
glorious
transformation
and
rebirth
.
In
the
legend
,
the
phoenix
’
s
fiery
death
leads
to
its
glorious
transformation
and
rebirth
.
used
in
folklore
and
alchemy
to
describe
magical
changes
long
before
modern
science
adopted
the
word
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
a
rule
that
maps
every
point
of
a
figure
or
space
to
another
point
,
often
changing
its
position
,
size
,
or
orientation
•
A
rotation
by
90
degrees
is
a
common
geometric
transformation
.
A
rotation
by
90
degrees
is
a
common
geometric
transformation
.
•
The
programmer
used
a
matrix
transformation
to
render
the
3-D
model
.
The
programmer
used
a
matrix
transformation
to
render
the
3-D
model
.
adopted
into
mathematical
vocabulary
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
operations
that
change
geometric
figures
.
noun
in
genetics
,
the
process
by
which
a
cell
takes
up
foreign
DNA
and
expresses
it
•
Scientists
used
bacterial
transformation
to
produce
insulin
.
Scientists
used
bacterial
transformation
to
produce
insulin
.
•
Heat
shock
is
a
common
method
to
induce
plasmid
transformation
in
bacteria
.
Heat
shock
is
a
common
method
to
induce
plasmid
transformation
in
bacteria
.
coined
in
early
20th-century
microbiology
after
Frederick
Griffith
’
s
1928
experiments
showing
bacteria
could
change
form
when
exposed
to
material
from
other
strains
.
frustration
noun
something
that
makes
you
feel
annoyed
because
it
stops
you
from
succeeding
or
feeling
satisfied
•
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
café
.
Slow
customer
service
is
a
common
frustration
for
diners
at
the
café
.
•
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
One
major
frustration
of
apartment
living
is
noisy
neighbors
.
invasion
noun
the
act
of
an
armed
force
entering
another
country
or
area
in
order
to
take
control
by
force
•
The
soldiers
prepared
to
defend
the
city
against
an
invasion
from
the
north
.
The
soldiers
prepared
to
defend
the
city
against
an
invasion
from
the
north
.
•
History
books
describe
the
Norman
invasion
of
England
in
1066
.
History
books
describe
the
Norman
invasion
of
England
in
1066
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
invasio
(
n-
),
from
invadere
‘
to
go
into
,
attack
’.
noun
a
sudden
and
unwelcome
arrival
of
many
people
,
animals
,
or
things
that
crowd
into
a
place
or
situation
•
Every
summer
our
quiet
beach
town
faces
an
invasion
of
tourists
looking
for
sun
.
Every
summer
our
quiet
beach
town
faces
an
invasion
of
tourists
looking
for
sun
.
•
An
invasion
of
ants
covered
the
kitchen
counter
overnight
.
An
invasion
of
ants
covered
the
kitchen
counter
overnight
.
Extended
sense
of
the
military
meaning
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
noun
the
spread
of
disease-causing
organisms
or
cancer
cells
into
surrounding
tissues
of
the
body
•
Doctors
explained
that
cancer
invasion
into
nearby
tissue
makes
the
disease
harder
to
treat
.
Doctors
explained
that
cancer
invasion
into
nearby
tissue
makes
the
disease
harder
to
treat
.
•
The
microscope
slide
showed
bacterial
invasion
of
the
wound
.
The
microscope
slide
showed
bacterial
invasion
of
the
wound
.
Adopted
in
medical
writing
in
the
late
19th
century
to
describe
how
harmful
cells
or
organisms
move
into
healthy
tissue
.
demonstration
noun
the
act
of
clearly
showing
or
explaining
how
something
works
or
how
to
do
something
•
The
science
teacher
gave
a
demonstration
of
the
volcano
experiment
,
and
the
students
cheered
when
it
erupted
.
The
science
teacher
gave
a
demonstration
of
the
volcano
experiment
,
and
the
students
cheered
when
it
erupted
.
•
Before
using
the
new
coffeemaker
,
Marco
watched
an
online
demonstration
to
understand
all
the
buttons
.
Before
using
the
new
coffeemaker
,
Marco
watched
an
online
demonstration
to
understand
all
the
buttons
.
Late
15th
century
,
from
Latin
demonstratio
“
pointing
out
,
proof
”,
from
demonstrare
“
to
point
out
,
show
”.
noun
a
public
gathering
of
people
marching
or
standing
together
to
show
their
support
for
or
protest
against
something
•
Thousands
joined
the
peaceful
demonstration
calling
for
cleaner
air
in
the
city
center
.
Thousands
joined
the
peaceful
demonstration
calling
for
cleaner
air
in
the
city
center
.
•
Police
redirected
traffic
to
make
space
for
the
demonstration
outside
the
parliament
building
.
Police
redirected
traffic
to
make
space
for
the
demonstration
outside
the
parliament
building
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
sense
1
;
political
use
emerged
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
public
shows
of
opinion
.
noun
something
that
clearly
proves
a
fact
or
shows
that
a
statement
is
true
•
Her
quick
recovery
was
a
strong
demonstration
of
the
benefits
of
regular
exercise
.
Her
quick
recovery
was
a
strong
demonstration
of
the
benefits
of
regular
exercise
.
•
The
experiment
provided
clear
demonstration
that
plants
grow
faster
under
blue
light
.
The
experiment
provided
clear
demonstration
that
plants
grow
faster
under
blue
light
.
From
Latin
demonstratio
“
proof
”,
emphasizing
the
idea
of
showing
something
to
be
true
.