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find
verb
-
find
,
finding
,
finds
,
found
to
discover
or
locate
something
that
is
lost
,
hidden
,
or
not
yet
known
•
After
searching
for
an
hour
,
he
found
his
missing
wallet
under
the
sofa
.
After
searching
for
an
hour
,
he
found
his
missing
wallet
under
the
sofa
.
•
Use
this
app
to
find
the
nearest
café
.
Use
this
app
to
find
the
nearest
café
.
Old
English
findan
“
come
upon
,
discover
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*finthan
.
verb
-
find
,
finding
,
finds
,
found
to
experience
or
come
to
hold
a
particular
opinion
or
feeling
about
something
•
I
find
this
movie
hilarious
every
time
I
watch
it
.
I
find
this
movie
hilarious
every
time
I
watch
it
.
•
She
found
the
exam
surprisingly
easy
.
She
found
the
exam
surprisingly
easy
.
verb
-
find
,
finding
,
finds
,
found
(
law
)
for
a
judge
or
jury
to
decide
or
declare
a
particular
result
after
considering
evidence
•
The
jury
found
the
defendant
guilty
of
fraud
.
The
jury
found
the
defendant
guilty
of
fraud
.
•
The
court
found
that
the
company
had
breached
its
contract
.
The
court
found
that
the
company
had
breached
its
contract
.
country
noun
-
country
,
countries
an
independent
nation
with
its
own
government
,
borders
,
and
people
.
•
Japan
is
a
country
made
up
of
four
large
islands
.
Japan
is
a
country
made
up
of
four
large
islands
.
•
Leaders
from
196
countries
gathered
at
the
United
Nations
.
Leaders
from
196
countries
gathered
at
the
United
Nations
.
noun
-
country
land
outside
towns
and
cities
,
with
fields
,
farms
,
and
small
villages
.
•
On
weekends
we
drive
out
to
the
country
and
breathe
the
fresh
air
.
On
weekends
we
drive
out
to
the
country
and
breathe
the
fresh
air
.
•
The
country
is
beautiful
in
autumn
when
the
leaves
turn
orange
and
gold
.
The
country
is
beautiful
in
autumn
when
the
leaves
turn
orange
and
gold
.
noun
-
country
a
style
of
popular
American
music
featuring
guitars
,
simple
melodies
,
and
lyrics
about
everyday
life
.
•
She
loves
dancing
to
live
country
at
the
local
bar
.
She
loves
dancing
to
live
country
at
the
local
bar
.
•
His
playlist
is
full
of
classic
country
from
the
1970s
.
His
playlist
is
full
of
classic
country
from
the
1970s
.
adjective
relating
to
or
typical
of
the
countryside
.
•
They
decorated
the
kitchen
in
a
cozy
country
style
.
They
decorated
the
kitchen
in
a
cozy
country
style
.
•
We
bought
fresh
jam
at
the
country
market
.
We
bought
fresh
jam
at
the
country
market
.
begin
verb
-
begin
,
beginning
,
begins
,
began
,
begun
to
start
happening
or
existing
•
The
concert
will
begin
in
ten
minutes
,
so
please
take
your
seats
.
The
concert
will
begin
in
ten
minutes
,
so
please
take
your
seats
.
•
A
light
rain
began
to
fall
as
we
left
the
house
.
A
light
rain
began
to
fall
as
we
left
the
house
.
From
Old
English
“
beginnan
,”
meaning
“
to
start
or
open
,”
related
to
Old
High
German
“
beginnen
.”
verb
-
begin
,
beginning
,
begins
,
began
,
begun
to
cause
something
to
start
•
She
began
her
speech
with
a
funny
story
.
She
began
her
speech
with
a
funny
story
.
•
They
began
construction
on
the
bridge
last
spring
.
They
began
construction
on
the
bridge
last
spring
.
From
Old
English
“
beginnan
,”
which
combined
be-
(
intensive
prefix
)
and
“
ginnan
” (
to
open
),
later
generalized
to
starting
any
action
.
understand
verb
-
understand
,
understanding
,
understands
,
understood
to
know
what
something
means
or
what
someone
is
saying
•
Do
you
understand
the
instructions
on
the
packet
?
Do
you
understand
the
instructions
on
the
packet
?
•
Lena
can
understand
French
,
but
she
feels
shy
about
speaking
it
.
Lena
can
understand
French
,
but
she
feels
shy
about
speaking
it
.
verb
-
understand
,
understanding
,
understands
,
understood
to
know
how
someone
feels
and
show
sympathy
•
I
understand
how
nervous
you
feel
before
the
test
.
I
understand
how
nervous
you
feel
before
the
test
.
•
Good
friends
understand
each
other
in
hard
times
.
Good
friends
understand
each
other
in
hard
times
.
verb
-
understand
,
understanding
,
understands
,
understood
to
think
or
believe
something
is
true
because
of
what
you
have
been
told
or
have
read
•
I
understand
that
the
meeting
has
been
moved
to
Friday
.
I
understand
that
the
meeting
has
been
moved
to
Friday
.
•
From
what
I
understand
,
the
movie
was
filmed
in
Spain
.
From
what
I
understand
,
the
movie
was
filmed
in
Spain
.
young
adjective
-
young
,
younger
,
youngest
having
lived
or
existed
for
only
a
short
time
;
not
old
•
The
puppy
is
still
very
young
and
sleeps
a
lot
during
the
day
.
The
puppy
is
still
very
young
and
sleeps
a
lot
during
the
day
.
•
At
a
young
age
,
Chloe
could
already
read
chapter
books
about
space
adventures
.
At
a
young
age
,
Chloe
could
already
read
chapter
books
about
space
adventures
.
Old
English
geong
,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
Dutch
jong
and
German
jung
.
noun
people
who
are
in
the
period
of
youth
considered
as
a
group
•
Many
believe
the
young
should
have
a
stronger
voice
in
politics
.
Many
believe
the
young
should
have
a
stronger
voice
in
politics
.
•
The
museum
offers
free
entry
to
the
young
every
weekend
.
The
museum
offers
free
entry
to
the
young
every
weekend
.
noun
the
babies
or
offspring
of
an
animal
•
The
bird
fed
its
young
with
insects
it
caught
in
mid-air
.
The
bird
fed
its
young
with
insects
it
caught
in
mid-air
.
•
A
mother
bear
fiercely
protects
her
young
from
predators
.
A
mother
bear
fiercely
protects
her
young
from
predators
.
under
preposition
in
a
lower
position
than
someone
or
something
else
,
often
covered
or
sheltered
by
it
•
The
cat
is
hiding
under
the
sofa
to
stay
warm
.
The
cat
is
hiding
under
the
sofa
to
stay
warm
.
•
We
spread
the
picnic
blanket
under
a
shady
oak
tree
.
We
spread
the
picnic
blanket
under
a
shady
oak
tree
.
Old
English
‘
under
’
from
Proto-Germanic
*under
,
related
to
German
‘
unter
’
and
Dutch
‘
onder
’.
preposition
in
a
lower
position
than
or
covered
by
something
•
The
cat
hid
under
the
table
during
the
storm
.
The
cat
hid
under
the
table
during
the
storm
.
•
We
had
a
picnic
under
a
big
oak
tree
in
the
park
.
We
had
a
picnic
under
a
big
oak
tree
in
the
park
.
Old
English
“
under
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*under
(
same
meaning
),
related
to
German
“
unter
”
and
Dutch
“
onder
”.
preposition
less
than
a
particular
amount
,
level
,
weight
,
or
age
•
Children
under
five
eat
for
free
at
the
museum
café
.
Children
under
five
eat
for
free
at
the
museum
café
.
•
The
water
level
is
under
two
meters
in
the
reservoir
.
The
water
level
is
under
two
meters
in
the
reservoir
.
preposition
less
than
a
particular
number
,
age
,
or
amount
•
Tickets
are
free
for
children
under
five
.
Tickets
are
free
for
children
under
five
.
•
You
must
drive
under
50
kilometers
per
hour
on
this
road
.
You
must
drive
under
50
kilometers
per
hour
on
this
road
.
preposition
controlled
,
managed
,
or
governed
by
someone
or
something
•
The
island
was
under
French
control
for
decades
.
The
island
was
under
French
control
for
decades
.
•
All
soldiers
must
act
under
the
orders
of
their
commander
.
All
soldiers
must
act
under
the
orders
of
their
commander
.
preposition
experiencing
or
affected
by
something
such
as
pressure
,
treatment
,
or
a
process
•
She
is
under
great
pressure
before
the
exam
.
She
is
under
great
pressure
before
the
exam
.
•
The
building
is
currently
under
repair
.
The
building
is
currently
under
repair
.
adverb
to
or
in
a
position
below
or
beneath
something
•
The
diver
slipped
under
and
disappeared
from
view
.
The
diver
slipped
under
and
disappeared
from
view
.
•
She
ducked
under
to
avoid
the
low-hanging
branch
.
She
ducked
under
to
avoid
the
low-hanging
branch
.
preposition
experiencing
,
controlled
by
,
or
in
the
state
of
something
•
The
city
is
under
attack
from
heavy
rain
and
winds
.
The
city
is
under
attack
from
heavy
rain
and
winds
.
•
Our
house
is
under
construction
,
so
we
are
staying
with
friends
.
Our
house
is
under
construction
,
so
we
are
staying
with
friends
.
preposition
according
to
or
defined
by
a
particular
law
,
rule
,
category
,
or
heading
•
He
was
arrested
under
the
new
cybercrime
law
.
He
was
arrested
under
the
new
cybercrime
law
.
•
Wolves
are
protected
under
endangered
species
regulations
.
Wolves
are
protected
under
endangered
species
regulations
.
adverb
to
or
in
a
position
below
the
surface
or
lower
level
•
The
submarine
slipped
under
and
vanished
from
sight
.
The
submarine
slipped
under
and
vanished
from
sight
.
•
The
treasure
chest
was
buried
deep
under
.
The
treasure
chest
was
buried
deep
under
.
run
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
move
quickly
on
foot
by
lifting
each
foot
off
the
ground
in
turn
so
that
both
feet
are
in
the
air
at
once
•
Every
morning
,
Maria
likes
to
run
around
the
park
before
breakfast
.
Every
morning
,
Maria
likes
to
run
around
the
park
before
breakfast
.
•
The
dog
ran
after
the
ball
with
its
tail
wagging
.
The
dog
ran
after
the
ball
with
its
tail
wagging
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
move
quickly
on
foot
so
that
both
feet
leave
the
ground
between
steps
•
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
run
around
the
playground
.
After
school
,
the
children
love
to
run
around
the
playground
.
•
He
ran
to
catch
the
bus
before
it
left
.
He
ran
to
catch
the
bus
before
it
left
.
Old
English
‘
rinnan
,
irnan
’
meaning
‘
to
flow
,
run
’
later
merged
with
Old
Norse
‘
renna
’.
noun
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
an
act
or
period
of
running
for
exercise
,
recreation
,
or
travel
•
I
go
for
a
five-kilometer
run
every
morning
.
I
go
for
a
five-kilometer
run
every
morning
.
•
After
a
quick
run
to
the
store
,
she
started
cooking
.
After
a
quick
run
to
the
store
,
she
started
cooking
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
work
,
operate
,
or
go
as
planned
without
stopping
•
The
washing
machine
runs
quietly
while
we
eat
dinner
.
The
washing
machine
runs
quietly
while
we
eat
dinner
.
•
Does
your
computer
run
all
night
without
problems
?
Does
your
computer
run
all
night
without
problems
?
noun
an
act
or
period
of
running
or
a
continuous
series
of
things
happening
•
I
went
for
a
five-kilometer
run
before
work
.
I
went
for
a
five-kilometer
run
before
work
.
•
The
show
had
a
long
run
on
Broadway
.
The
show
had
a
long
run
on
Broadway
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
be
in
charge
of
,
organize
,
or
direct
something
such
as
a
business
,
event
,
or
activity
•
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
•
He
ran
the
project
until
it
was
finished
.
He
ran
the
project
until
it
was
finished
.
noun
a
point
scored
in
sports
like
baseball
or
cricket
•
The
batter
hit
a
home
run
in
the
ninth
inning
.
The
batter
hit
a
home
run
in
the
ninth
inning
.
•
Our
team
needs
just
one
more
run
to
win
.
Our
team
needs
just
one
more
run
to
win
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
make
a
machine
,
program
,
or
system
work
or
operate
•
Just
press
this
button
to
run
the
washing
machine
.
Just
press
this
button
to
run
the
washing
machine
.
•
The
computer
has
been
running
all
night
.
The
computer
has
been
running
all
night
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
(
of
liquid
)
to
flow
or
move
in
a
continuous
stream
•
Tears
ran
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
Tears
ran
down
her
cheeks
when
she
heard
the
news
.
•
Water
is
running
from
the
tap
—
turn
it
off
!
Water
is
running
from
the
tap
—
turn
it
off
!
noun
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
a
continuous
series
or
period
of
similar
events
,
often
of
success
or
failure
•
The
team
is
on
a
six-game
winning
run
.
The
team
is
on
a
six-game
winning
run
.
•
The
play
had
a
long
run
on
Broadway
.
The
play
had
a
long
run
on
Broadway
.
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
to
manage
,
control
,
or
be
in
charge
of
a
business
,
organization
,
or
activity
•
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
Her
parents
run
a
small
bakery
in
town
.
•
I
have
run
several
successful
projects
.
I
have
run
several
successful
projects
.
around
preposition
on
every
side
of
someone
or
something
;
surrounding
it
•
A
white
picket
fence
ran
around
the
small
cottage
.
A
white
picket
fence
ran
around
the
small
cottage
.
•
She
wore
a
scarf
around
her
neck
to
keep
warm
.
She
wore
a
scarf
around
her
neck
to
keep
warm
.
adverb
from
one
place
to
another
within
an
area
;
here
and
there
•
Tourists
wandered
around
taking
pictures
of
the
old
buildings
.
Tourists
wandered
around
taking
pictures
of
the
old
buildings
.
•
The
dog
ran
around
happily
in
the
park
.
The
dog
ran
around
happily
in
the
park
.
adverb
used
before
a
number
,
time
,
or
amount
to
mean
close
to
but
not
exactly
•
The
movie
starts
at
around
eight
o
’
clock
.
The
movie
starts
at
around
eight
o
’
clock
.
•
It
costs
around
fifty
dollars
to
repair
the
bike
.
It
costs
around
fifty
dollars
to
repair
the
bike
.
preposition
on
every
side
of
someone
or
something
,
surrounding
it
•
A
white
picket
fence
ran
around
the
cozy
cottage
.
A
white
picket
fence
ran
around
the
cozy
cottage
.
•
She
wrapped
a
soft
wool
scarf
around
her
neck
to
stay
warm
.
She
wrapped
a
soft
wool
scarf
around
her
neck
to
stay
warm
.
preposition
in
or
to
many
different
parts
of
a
place
•
We
spent
the
afternoon
walking
around
the
city
.
We
spent
the
afternoon
walking
around
the
city
.
•
He
sailed
around
the
world
in
a
small
boat
.
He
sailed
around
the
world
in
a
small
boat
.
preposition
approximately
,
close
to
a
certain
number
,
amount
,
or
time
•
I'll
arrive
around
three
o'clock
.
I'll
arrive
around
three
o'clock
.
•
The
repairs
will
cost
around
fifty
dollars
.
The
repairs
will
cost
around
fifty
dollars
.
adverb
present
in
a
place
;
nearby
•
Is
your
brother
around
this
afternoon
?
Is
your
brother
around
this
afternoon
?
•
There
were
no
taxis
around
when
we
left
the
theater
.
There
were
no
taxis
around
when
we
left
the
theater
.
preposition
in
many
different
parts
of
a
large
area
•
He
travelled
around
the
world
for
a
year
.
He
travelled
around
the
world
for
a
year
.
•
News
spread
around
the
town
quickly
.
News
spread
around
the
town
quickly
.
adverb
present
,
nearby
,
or
available
in
a
place
•
Is
your
brother
around
this
evening
?
Is
your
brother
around
this
evening
?
•
There
are
plenty
of
cafés
around
if
you're
hungry
.
There
are
plenty
of
cafés
around
if
you're
hungry
.
adverb
from
one
person
or
place
to
others
,
in
circulation
•
Please
pass
the
photos
around
so
everyone
can
see
them
.
Please
pass
the
photos
around
so
everyone
can
see
them
.
•
The
news
spread
around
quickly
after
the
meeting
.
The
news
spread
around
quickly
after
the
meeting
.
adverb
existing
,
in
existence
or
active
,
especially
for
a
long
time
•
That
melody
has
been
around
for
decades
.
That
melody
has
been
around
for
decades
.
•
Electric
cars
have
been
around
longer
than
most
people
think
.
Electric
cars
have
been
around
longer
than
most
people
think
.
until
preposition
up
to
,
and
no
later
than
,
the
time
or
event
mentioned
•
The
store
is
open
until
9
p
.
m
.
The
store
is
open
until
9
p
.
m
.
•
She
waited
until
the
rain
stopped
.
She
waited
until
the
rain
stopped
.
preposition
up
to
the
time
or
event
mentioned
•
We
waited
until
midnight
for
the
fireworks
to
start
.
We
waited
until
midnight
for
the
fireworks
to
start
.
•
The
library
is
open
from
9
a
.
m
.
until
6
p
.
m
.
The
library
is
open
from
9
a
.
m
.
until
6
p
.
m
.
Old
Norse
‘
und
’ (
as
far
as
)
+
‘
til
’ (
to
).
The
form
merged
in
Middle
English
as
“
untill
,”
later
simplified
to
“
until
”.
conjunction
up
to
the
point
that
something
happens
•
Stay
here
until
I
call
your
name
.
Stay
here
until
I
call
your
name
.
•
They
didn't
realize
their
mistake
until
it
was
too
late
.
They
didn't
realize
their
mistake
until
it
was
too
late
.
Same
origin
as
the
prepositional
form
,
from
Old
Norse
‘
und
’
+
‘
til
’,
adopted
into
Middle
English
and
later
used
to
introduce
time
clauses
.
conjunction
up
to
the
time
that
something
happens
•
Stay
here
until
I
call
you
.
Stay
here
until
I
call
you
.
•
He
didn't
know
the
truth
until
he
read
the
letter
.
He
didn't
know
the
truth
until
he
read
the
letter
.
community
noun
-
community
,
communities
the
people
who
live
in
the
same
area
and
share
local
services
,
activities
,
and
responsibilities
•
Our
small
community
holds
an
outdoor
market
every
Saturday
.
Our
small
community
holds
an
outdoor
market
every
Saturday
.
•
The
coastal
community
rebuilt
quickly
after
the
storm
.
The
coastal
community
rebuilt
quickly
after
the
storm
.
noun
-
community
,
communities
a
group
of
people
who
share
a
common
interest
,
profession
,
or
identity
,
even
if
they
live
in
different
places
•
The
online
gaming
community
organized
a
charity
livestream
.
The
online
gaming
community
organized
a
charity
livestream
.
•
Scientists
in
the
medical
community
welcomed
the
new
discovery
.
Scientists
in
the
medical
community
welcomed
the
new
discovery
.
noun
-
community
a
friendly
feeling
of
togetherness
and
mutual
support
among
people
•
The
festival
created
a
real
sense
of
community
among
neighbors
.
The
festival
created
a
real
sense
of
community
among
neighbors
.
•
Shared
meals
help
build
community
in
the
workplace
.
Shared
meals
help
build
community
in
the
workplace
.
university
noun
-
university
,
universities
a
place
of
higher
education
where
students
study
for
degrees
and
where
academic
research
is
carried
out
•
Maria
hopes
to
get
a
scholarship
to
study
at
university
next
year
.
Maria
hopes
to
get
a
scholarship
to
study
at
university
next
year
.
•
Harvard
University
is
famous
around
the
world
.
Harvard
University
is
famous
around
the
world
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
universite
,
from
Latin
universitas
‘
the
whole
,
a
corporate
body
’,
later
‘
society
,
guild
’,
from
universus
‘
whole
’ (
see
universe
).
noun
-
university
,
universities
the
period
of
life
during
which
someone
studies
as
a
student
at
a
university
•
Olivia
made
many
lifelong
friends
at
university
.
Olivia
made
many
lifelong
friends
at
university
.
•
After
university
,
he
moved
to
London
to
start
his
career
.
After
university
,
he
moved
to
London
to
start
his
career
.
gun
noun
a
portable
weapon
that
fires
bullets
or
other
small
projectiles
by
means
of
an
explosive
charge
•
The
security
guard
placed
his
gun
in
a
locker
before
starting
his
shift
.
The
security
guard
placed
his
gun
in
a
locker
before
starting
his
shift
.
•
During
target
practice
,
Jenna
aimed
her
gun
at
the
paper
bullseye
.
During
target
practice
,
Jenna
aimed
her
gun
at
the
paper
bullseye
.
From
Middle
English
gunne
,
a
short
form
of
the
female
name
"
Gunilda
,”
which
was
used
as
a
nickname
for
early
cannon
in
the
14th
century
and
then
generalized
to
all
firearms
.
noun
a
large
,
heavy
weapon
such
as
a
cannon
that
fires
shells
,
often
mounted
on
a
ship
,
tank
,
or
fixed
base
•
The
old
fortress
still
has
iron
guns
pointing
toward
the
sea
.
The
old
fortress
still
has
iron
guns
pointing
toward
the
sea
.
•
At
dawn
,
the
battleship
fired
its
main
guns
in
a
deafening
salute
.
At
dawn
,
the
battleship
fired
its
main
guns
in
a
deafening
salute
.
Extension
of
the
small-arms
sense
to
bigger
artillery
pieces
as
gun-making
technology
advanced
in
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
gun
,
gunning
,
guns
,
gunned
to
shoot
someone
or
something
with
a
gun
•
The
hunter
gunned
a
wild
turkey
for
the
family
dinner
.
The
hunter
gunned
a
wild
turkey
for
the
family
dinner
.
•
During
the
robbery
,
the
gang
threatened
to
gun
anyone
who
resisted
.
During
the
robbery
,
the
gang
threatened
to
gun
anyone
who
resisted
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
in
the
early
17th
century
,
turning
the
weapon
’
s
name
into
an
action
meaning
“
to
shoot
.”
noun
slang
:
a
person
’
s
well-developed
arm
muscles
,
especially
the
biceps
,
usually
mentioned
in
the
plural
form
“
guns
”
•
After
months
at
the
gym
,
Lena
proudly
flexed
her
guns
in
the
mirror
.
After
months
at
the
gym
,
Lena
proudly
flexed
her
guns
in
the
mirror
.
•
Show
us
those
guns
,
the
coach
joked
,
handing
Carlos
a
heavier
set
of
dumbbells
.
Show
us
those
guns
,
the
coach
joked
,
handing
Carlos
a
heavier
set
of
dumbbells
.
Originated
in
U
.
S
.
slang
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
comparing
bulging
biceps
to
powerful
firearms
.
verb
-
gun
,
gunning
,
guns
,
gunned
informal
:
to
press
the
accelerator
sharply
so
that
a
vehicle
’
s
engine
revs
and
it
moves
forward
very
quickly
•
When
the
light
turned
green
,
Miguel
gunned
the
engine
and
sped
away
.
When
the
light
turned
green
,
Miguel
gunned
the
engine
and
sped
away
.
•
The
pilot
gunned
the
throttle
to
lift
the
small
plane
over
the
mountain
ridge
.
The
pilot
gunned
the
throttle
to
lift
the
small
plane
over
the
mountain
ridge
.
From
the
idea
of
driving
a
car
’
s
power
forward
as
suddenly
and
forcefully
as
firing
a
gun
;
first
recorded
in
U
.
S
.
English
in
the
1930s
.
hang
verb
-
hang
,
hanging
,
hangs
,
hung
,
hanged
to
attach
something
at
its
top
so
it
is
supported
from
above
and
free
below
•
Mia
carefully
hangs
a
framed
photo
on
the
living-room
wall
.
Mia
carefully
hangs
a
framed
photo
on
the
living-room
wall
.
•
Please
hang
your
coat
on
the
hook
by
the
door
.
Please
hang
your
coat
on
the
hook
by
the
door
.
Old
English
hangian
and
hon
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hanhan
,
meaning
“
to
suspend
.”
sun
noun
the
star
at
the
center
of
our
solar
system
that
gives
Earth
light
and
heat
•
The
sun
rose
above
the
mountains
and
painted
the
sky
pink
.
The
sun
rose
above
the
mountains
and
painted
the
sky
pink
.
•
Without
the
sun
,
life
on
Earth
could
not
exist
.
Without
the
sun
,
life
on
Earth
could
not
exist
.
Old
English
sunne
,
related
to
German
Sonne
and
Latin
sol
.
noun
-
sun
the
light
and
warmth
that
come
from
the
sun
•
We
need
to
put
the
plants
by
the
window
so
they
get
more
sun
.
We
need
to
put
the
plants
by
the
window
so
they
get
more
sun
.
•
After
a
week
of
rain
,
everyone
enjoyed
a
day
of
warm
sun
.
After
a
week
of
rain
,
everyone
enjoyed
a
day
of
warm
sun
.
verb
-
sun
,
sunning
,
suns
,
sunned
to
put
yourself
or
something
else
in
the
sunlight
,
especially
to
get
warm
or
dry
•
The
cat
loves
to
sun
itself
on
the
balcony
.
The
cat
loves
to
sun
itself
on
the
balcony
.
•
They
sunned
their
wet
clothes
on
the
fence
.
They
sunned
their
wet
clothes
on
the
fence
.
fund
noun
money
that
is
saved
or
collected
for
a
special
purpose
•
Maria
puts
a
little
money
into
a
college
fund
every
month
.
Maria
puts
a
little
money
into
a
college
fund
every
month
.
•
The
village
set
up
an
emergency
fund
after
the
flood
.
The
village
set
up
an
emergency
fund
after
the
flood
.
From
Latin
fundus
“
bottom
,
foundation
”,
later
meaning
“
store
of
money
”.
verb
-
fund
,
funding
,
funds
,
funded
to
provide
the
money
needed
to
pay
for
something
•
The
government
will
fund
the
new
hospital
.
The
government
will
fund
the
new
hospital
.
•
Local
businesses
helped
fund
the
sports
festival
.
Local
businesses
helped
fund
the
sports
festival
.
noun
money
that
is
available
to
be
spent
•
We
can't
buy
new
equipment
because
the
school
funds
are
low
.
We
can't
buy
new
equipment
because
the
school
funds
are
low
.
•
After
paying
the
bills
,
there
were
no
funds
left
for
a
holiday
.
After
paying
the
bills
,
there
were
no
funds
left
for
a
holiday
.
noun
an
organization
or
account
that
holds
and
invests
money
for
people
or
projects
•
The
retirement
fund
grew
by
8%
last
year
.
The
retirement
fund
grew
by
8%
last
year
.
•
They
invested
in
a
technology
fund
focused
on
green
energy
.
They
invested
in
a
technology
fund
focused
on
green
energy
.
account
noun
an
arrangement
with
a
bank
,
website
,
or
other
organization
that
keeps
a
record
of
your
money
or
personal
information
and
lets
you
use
,
add
,
or
take
it
out
whenever
you
need
•
Maria
opened
a
new
account
at
the
local
bank
to
save
for
college
.
Maria
opened
a
new
account
at
the
local
bank
to
save
for
college
.
•
To
play
the
multiplayer
game
online
,
you
first
need
to
create
an
account
on
the
website
.
To
play
the
multiplayer
game
online
,
you
first
need
to
create
an
account
on
the
website
.
From
Old
French
“
acompt
”,
from
Latin
“
computus
”
meaning
a
counting
or
reckoning
.
noun
an
arrangement
with
a
bank
or
other
financial
institution
that
keeps
a
record
of
the
money
you
put
in
and
take
out
•
Maria
opened
a
new
savings
account
to
keep
her
birthday
money
safe
.
Maria
opened
a
new
savings
account
to
keep
her
birthday
money
safe
.
•
I
check
my
online
account
every
week
to
see
how
much
I
have
left
.
I
check
my
online
account
every
week
to
see
how
much
I
have
left
.
noun
a
written
or
spoken
description
of
something
that
happened
•
The
newspaper
printed
a
detailed
account
of
the
storm
.
The
newspaper
printed
a
detailed
account
of
the
storm
.
•
Please
give
us
an
account
of
what
you
saw
last
night
.
Please
give
us
an
account
of
what
you
saw
last
night
.
noun
a
personal
profile
or
registration
that
lets
you
use
a
website
,
app
,
or
computer
system
•
You
need
to
create
an
email
account
before
you
can
send
messages
.
You
need
to
create
an
email
account
before
you
can
send
messages
.
•
She
forgot
the
password
to
her
gaming
account
.
She
forgot
the
password
to
her
gaming
account
.
noun
a
reason
or
cause
for
something
,
especially
used
in
the
phrase
"
on
account
of
"
•
The
picnic
was
canceled
on
account
of
the
rain
.
The
picnic
was
canceled
on
account
of
the
rain
.
•
He
stayed
home
on
account
of
a
cold
.
He
stayed
home
on
account
of
a
cold
.
noun
-
account
the
level
of
importance
or
consideration
that
something
is
given
when
you
make
a
decision
•
When
planning
the
picnic
,
we
took
the
weather
into account
.
When
planning
the
picnic
,
we
took
the
weather
into account
.
•
His
feelings
were
of
little
account
to
the
ruthless
businessman
.
His
feelings
were
of
little
account
to
the
ruthless
businessman
.
verb
-
account
,
accounting
,
accounts
,
accounted
to
give
an
explanation
for
something
or
be
the
reason
why
it
happens
•
How
do
you
account for
the
missing
files
?
How
do
you
account for
the
missing
files
?
•
These
extra
charges
account for
the
higher
price
.
These
extra
charges
account for
the
higher
price
.
noun
a
written
or
spoken
report
that
tells
what
happened
•
According
to
the
witness's
account
,
the
car
ran
the
red
light
.
According
to
the
witness's
account
,
the
car
ran
the
red
light
.
•
The
book
gives
a
vivid
account
of
life
in
ancient
Egypt
.
The
book
gives
a
vivid
account
of
life
in
ancient
Egypt
.
noun
the
importance
or
value
given
to
something
when
you
consider
or
judge
it
•
The
design
takes
safety
into
account
.
The
design
takes
safety
into
account
.
•
On
no
account
should
you
touch
this
switch
.
On
no
account
should
you
touch
this
switch
.
verb
-
account
,
accounting
,
accounts
,
accounted
to
think
of
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
•
They
account
him
an
honest
man
.
They
account
him
an
honest
man
.
•
She
accounts
herself
fortunate
to
have
good
friends
.
She
accounts
herself
fortunate
to
have
good
friends
.
opportunity
noun
-
opportunity
,
opportunities
a
time
or
situation
that
makes
it
possible
to
do
something
you
want
or
need
•
The
sunny
weekend
gave
us
the
perfect
opportunity
to
paint
the
fence
.
The
sunny
weekend
gave
us
the
perfect
opportunity
to
paint
the
fence
.
•
During
the
lunch
break
,
Mia
saw
an
opportunity
to
ask
her
teacher
for
extra
help
.
During
the
lunch
break
,
Mia
saw
an
opportunity
to
ask
her
teacher
for
extra
help
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
opportunite
,
from
Latin
opportunitas
"
fitness
,
convenience
",
from
opportunus
"
suitable
,
favorable
".
noun
-
opportunity
,
opportunities
a
chance
to
get
a
job
,
promotion
,
or
other
career
advancement
•
The
company
newsletter
listed
an
opportunity
for
a
marketing
internship
this
summer
.
The
company
newsletter
listed
an
opportunity
for
a
marketing
internship
this
summer
.
•
After
years
on
the
factory
floor
,
Jamal
finally
got
the
opportunity
to
become
a
supervisor
.
After
years
on
the
factory
floor
,
Jamal
finally
got
the
opportunity
to
become
a
supervisor
.
county
noun
-
county
,
counties
an
area
within
a
country
that
has
its
own
local
government
•
Jackson
lives
in
the
northern
part
of
the
county
near
the
river
.
Jackson
lives
in
the
northern
part
of
the
county
near
the
river
.
•
The
county
built
a
new
bridge
to
connect
the
two
towns
.
The
county
built
a
new
bridge
to
connect
the
two
towns
.
From
Middle
English
countie
,
borrowed
from
Anglo-French
counte
,
ultimately
from
Latin
comitātus
meaning
“
jurisdiction
of
a
count
”.
noun
-
county
,
counties
the
government
or
officials
of
a
county
,
spoken
of
as
a
single
unit
•
The
county
has
announced
a
new
recycling
program
starting
next
month
.
The
county
has
announced
a
new
recycling
program
starting
next
month
.
•
He
got
a
job
working
for
the
county
in
the
planning
office
.
He
got
a
job
working
for
the
county
in
the
planning
office
.
Derived
from
sense
of
“
county
”
as
a
governing
jurisdiction
;
extended
to
mean
the
administrative
body
itself
.
sound
noun
-
sound
,
sounding
,
sounds
,
sounded
something
that
can
be
heard
;
vibrations
that
travel
through
air
,
water
,
or
another
medium
and
reach
the
ear
•
The
gentle
sound
of
the
rain
helped
him
fall
asleep
.
The
gentle
sound
of
the
rain
helped
him
fall
asleep
.
•
Everyone
covered
their
ears
when
the
fire
alarm
sound
blared
.
Everyone
covered
their
ears
when
the
fire
alarm
sound
blared
.
Old
English
“
sund
”
meaning
‘
noise
’,
from
Latin
“
sonus
”.
noun
-
sound
,
sounder
,
soundest
something
that
you
can
hear
,
created
when
vibrations
travel
through
air
,
water
,
or
another
substance
to
your
ear
•
The
baby
woke
up
when
a
loud
sound
came
from
the
kitchen
.
The
baby
woke
up
when
a
loud
sound
came
from
the
kitchen
.
•
On
the
camping
trip
,
we
enjoyed
the
gentle
sounds
of
crickets
under
the
stars
.
On
the
camping
trip
,
we
enjoyed
the
gentle
sounds
of
crickets
under
the
stars
.
verb
-
sound
,
sounding
,
sounds
,
sounded
to
make
or
produce
a
noise
•
The
trumpet
sound
loudly
at
the
start
of
the
ceremony
.
The
trumpet
sound
loudly
at
the
start
of
the
ceremony
.
•
When
the
bell
sound
at
noon
,
workers
left
for
lunch
.
When
the
bell
sound
at
noon
,
workers
left
for
lunch
.
verb
to
make
or
produce
a
particular
noise
,
or
to
be
heard
in
a
particular
way
•
The
fire
alarm
sounded
across
the
whole
building
.
The
fire
alarm
sounded
across
the
whole
building
.
•
When
he
plucked
the
guitar
string
,
it
sounded
perfect
.
When
he
plucked
the
guitar
string
,
it
sounded
perfect
.
verb
-
sound
,
sounding
,
sounds
,
sounded
to
seem
or
give
a
particular
impression
when
heard
•
You
sound
excited
about
the
trip
!
You
sound
excited
about
the
trip
!
•
Her
explanation
sound
reasonable
to
everyone
in
the
meeting
.
Her
explanation
sound
reasonable
to
everyone
in
the
meeting
.
adjective
-
sound
,
sounder
,
soundest
in
good
condition
,
strong
,
or
likely
to
work
well
without
failing
•
The
bridge
remained
sound
after
the
storm
.
The
bridge
remained
sound
after
the
storm
.
•
She
made
a
sound
decision
based
on
the
facts
.
She
made
a
sound
decision
based
on
the
facts
.
adjective
-
sound
,
sounding
,
sounds
,
sounded
,
sounder
,
soundest
in
good
condition
;
healthy
,
safe
,
or
reliable
•
The
bridge
is
old
,
but
engineers
say
it
is
still
sound
.
The
bridge
is
old
,
but
engineers
say
it
is
still
sound
.
•
She
gave
me
some
sound
advice
about
saving
money
.
She
gave
me
some
sound
advice
about
saving
money
.
noun
a
long
,
narrow
stretch
of
sea
or
ocean
water
that
lies
between
two
pieces
of
land
•
The
ferry
crossed
the
sound
in
thirty
minutes
.
The
ferry
crossed
the
sound
in
thirty
minutes
.
•
From
the
cliff
,
we
watched
small
boats
drifting
across
the
sound
.
From
the
cliff
,
we
watched
small
boats
drifting
across
the
sound
.
noun
-
sound
,
sounding
,
sounds
,
sounded
a
long
,
wide
stretch
of
seawater
between
the
mainland
and
an
island
or
between
two
larger
bodies
of
water
•
They
sailed
across
Puget
Sound
at
sunrise
.
They
sailed
across
Puget
Sound
at
sunrise
.
•
The
ferry
crosses
the
sound
several
times
a
day
.
The
ferry
crosses
the
sound
several
times
a
day
.
From
Old
Norse
“
sund
”
meaning
‘
swimming
,
strait
’.
union
noun
the
act
or
state
of
joining
two
or
more
things
,
people
,
or
ideas
together
to
form
one
•
The
union
of
the
two
rivers
creates
a
wide
,
peaceful
lake
.
The
union
of
the
two
rivers
creates
a
wide
,
peaceful
lake
.
•
Their
wedding
celebrated
the
joyful
union
of
different
cultures
.
Their
wedding
celebrated
the
joyful
union
of
different
cultures
.
From
Latin
unio
“
oneness
,
unity
”,
from
unus
“
one
”.
noun
an
organization
that
represents
workers
and
negotiates
with
employers
about
pay
,
hours
,
and
conditions
•
The
factory
workers
joined
a
union
to
ask
for
safer
machines
.
The
factory
workers
joined
a
union
to
ask
for
safer
machines
.
•
Our
union
voted
to
go
on
strike
next
Monday
.
Our
union
voted
to
go
on
strike
next
Monday
.
Sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
workers
coming
together
in
unity
.
noun
in
mathematics
,
the
set
that
contains
all
the
elements
of
two
or
more
given
sets
•
The
union
of
sets
A
and
B
includes
every
element
found
in
either
set
.
The
union
of
sets
A
and
B
includes
every
element
found
in
either
set
.
•
On
the
screen
,
the
programmer
created
a
union
of
three
arrays
to
remove
duplicates
.
On
the
screen
,
the
programmer
created
a
union
of
three
arrays
to
remove
duplicates
.
Adopted
into
mathematics
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
combining
sets
,
using
the
everyday
idea
of
unity
.
Union
noun
a
group
of
states
,
nations
,
or
political
bodies
that
choose
to
act
together
under
one
government
or
agreement
•
Croatia
joined
the
European
Union
in
2013
.
Croatia
joined
the
European
Union
in
2013
.
•
The
African
Union
meets
yearly
to
discuss
regional
issues
.
The
African
Union
meets
yearly
to
discuss
regional
issues
.
Political
sense
grew
from
the
18th-century
idea
of
separate
kingdoms
uniting
under
one
crown
or
parliament
,
such
as
the
Act
of
Union
1707
.
amount
noun
A
quantity
of
something
,
especially
of
something
that
is
usually
measured
rather
than
counted
.
•
We
still
need
a
small
amount
of
flour
to
finish
the
recipe
.
We
still
need
a
small
amount
of
flour
to
finish
the
recipe
.
•
The
storm
dumped
an
enormous
amount
of
snow
on
the
mountain
overnight
.
The
storm
dumped
an
enormous
amount
of
snow
on
the
mountain
overnight
.
noun
A
particular
sum
of
money
.
•
James
paid
a
large
amount
for
his
new
laptop
.
James
paid
a
large
amount
for
his
new
laptop
.
•
Please
write
the
exact
amount
on
the
check
.
Please
write
the
exact
amount
on
the
check
.
amount to
verb
to
add
up
to
or
be
equal
to
a
particular
total
or
result
.
•
All
the
small
fees
amount
to
nearly
fifty
dollars
a
month
.
All
the
small
fees
amount to
nearly
fifty
dollars
a
month
.
•
Her
achievements
amount
to
a
remarkable
career
.
Her
achievements
amount to
a
remarkable
career
.
ground
noun
the
solid
surface
of
the
earth
that
we
stand
,
walk
,
or
lie
on
•
The
dog
lay
on
the
cool
ground
under
the
tree
.
The
dog
lay
on
the
cool
ground
under
the
tree
.
•
After
the
rain
,
the
ground
was
muddy
and
slippery
.
After
the
rain
,
the
ground
was
muddy
and
slippery
.
Old
English
“
grund
”
meaning
bottom
or
foundation
,
later
broadening
to
the
surface
of
the
earth
.
noun
a
reason
or
cause
for
believing
,
saying
,
or
doing
something
(
often
used
in
the
plural
“
grounds
”)
•
The
judge
found
no
grounds
to
reopen
the
case
.
The
judge
found
no
grounds
to
reopen
the
case
.
•
Maria
had
good
grounds
for
suspicion
when
she
saw
the
broken
lock
.
Maria
had
good
grounds
for
suspicion
when
she
saw
the
broken
lock
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
something
solid
that
supports
weight
to
something
that
supports
an
argument
or
action
.
noun
a
wire
or
other
connection
that
safely
carries
electricity
into
the
earth
to
prevent
shocks
•
The
electrician
attached
the
green
wire
to
the
ground
.
The
electrician
attached
the
green
wire
to
the
ground
.
•
Without
a
proper
ground
,
the
metal
case
could
become
dangerous
.
Without
a
proper
ground
,
the
metal
case
could
become
dangerous
.
Adopted
in
the
19th-century
telegraph
industry
,
using
the
earth
itself
as
the
return
path
for
electric
current
.
verb
-
ground
,
grounding
,
grounds
,
grounded
to
punish
a
child
or
teenager
by
not
allowing
them
to
go
out
or
enjoy
certain
activities
for
a
period
of
time
•
Mom
grounded
Tim
for
a
week
after
he
broke
the
window
.
Mom
grounded
Tim
for
a
week
after
he
broke
the
window
.
•
If
you
ever
skip
school
again
,
I
will
ground
you
.
If
you
ever
skip
school
again
,
I
will
ground
you
.
First
recorded
in
U
.
S
.
English
in
the
19th
century
,
likening
the
child
to
an
aircraft
kept
on
the
ground
and
not
allowed
to
take
off
.
verb
-
ground
,
grounding
,
grounds
,
grounded
to
stop
an
aircraft
from
flying
,
or
to
stop
something/someone
from
moving
or
operating
•
The
storm
grounded
all
flights
from
the
island
.
The
storm
grounded
all
flights
from
the
island
.
•
Mechanical
problems
can
ground
a
plane
for
hours
.
Mechanical
problems
can
ground
a
plane
for
hours
.
Early
20th-century
aviation
term
:
to
keep
a
plane
on
the
ground
for
safety
or
mechanical
reasons
.
verb
-
ground
,
grounding
,
grounds
,
grounded
to
base
an
opinion
,
idea
,
or
action
firmly
on
something
solid
or
reliable
•
The
teacher
asked
us
to
ground
our
arguments
in
real
evidence
.
The
teacher
asked
us
to
ground
our
arguments
in
real
evidence
.
•
His
novel
is
grounded
in
true
historical
events
.
His
novel
is
grounded
in
true
historical
events
.
Metaphorically
extended
from
something
resting
on
the
physical
ground
to
ideas
resting
on
solid
facts
.
Sunday
noun
the
day
of
the
week
that
comes
after
Saturday
and
before
Monday
•
We
went
hiking
last
Sunday
because
the
weather
was
perfect
.
We
went
hiking
last
Sunday
because
the
weather
was
perfect
.
•
On
Sunday
,
many
families
eat
breakfast
together
.
On
Sunday
,
many
families
eat
breakfast
together
.
Old
English
“
Sunnandæg
,”
literally
“
day
of
the
sun
,”
translating
Latin
“
dies
Solis
.”
adverb
on
Sunday
;
used
without
the
preposition
“
on
”
to
say
when
something
happens
•
Let's
meet
Sunday
at
the
coffee
shop
around
noon
.
Let's
meet
Sunday
at
the
coffee
shop
around
noon
.
•
The
museum
opens
Sunday
at
ten
o'clock
.
The
museum
opens
Sunday
at
ten
o'clock
.
Adverbial
use
developed
from
the
noun
by
omitting
the
preposition
“
on
.”
unit
noun
a
fixed
amount
used
as
a
standard
for
measuring
something
,
such
as
length
,
weight
,
or
temperature
•
The
distance
on
the
map
was
exactly
one
unit
.
The
distance
on
the
map
was
exactly
one
unit
.
•
Temperature
is
measured
in
degrees
Celsius
,
a
common
unit
of
heat
.
Temperature
is
measured
in
degrees
Celsius
,
a
common
unit
of
heat
.
From
Latin
unitas
“
oneness
,
unity
,”
from
unus
“
one
.”
noun
a
single
complete
thing
,
group
,
or
part
that
forms
one
of
a
larger
whole
•
Each
solar
panel
is
a
separate
unit
in
the
power
system
.
Each
solar
panel
is
a
separate
unit
in
the
power
system
.
•
The
math
textbook
is
divided
into
ten
units
to
help
students
learn
step
by
step
.
The
math
textbook
is
divided
into
ten
units
to
help
students
learn
step
by
step
.
Same
as
Sense
1
.
noun
a
self-contained
apartment
within
a
larger
building
•
They
rented
a
unit
near
the
beach
in
Sydney
.
They
rented
a
unit
near
the
beach
in
Sydney
.
•
The
real-estate
agent
showed
us
a
spacious
two-bedroom
unit
.
The
real-estate
agent
showed
us
a
spacious
two-bedroom
unit
.
Derived
from
the
sense
of
‘
separate
part
’,
adopted
in
Australian
English
for
housing
in
the
mid-1900s
.
noun
a
specialized
department
or
section
within
an
organization
,
especially
in
a
hospital
,
university
,
or
company
•
Grandma
was
moved
to
the
cardiac
care
unit
.
Grandma
was
moved
to
the
cardiac
care
unit
.
•
The
university
’
s
climate
research
unit
published
its
findings
today
.
The
university
’
s
climate
research
unit
published
its
findings
today
.
Extended
senso-logical
use
from
‘
separate
part
’
to
mean
a
distinct
department
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
1900s
.
June
noun
-
June
the
sixth
month
of
the
year
,
coming
between
May
and
July
.
•
School
ends
for
the
summer
in
early
June
.
School
ends
for
the
summer
in
early
June
.
•
The
roses
in
our
garden
bloom
beautifully
in
June
.
The
roses
in
our
garden
bloom
beautifully
in
June
.
From
Latin
Junius
(
mēnsis
),
the
month
named
after
the
Roman
goddess
Juno
.
noun
-
June
a
girl
’
s
or
woman
’
s
given
name
.
•
June
baked
a
chocolate
cake
for
the
party
.
June
baked
a
chocolate
cake
for
the
party
.
•
I
met
June
at
the
book
club
last
night
.
I
met
June
at
the
book
club
last
night
.
First
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
,
the
name
was
inspired
by
the
month
of
June
,
symbolizing
youth
and
freshness
.
unless
conjunction
except
if
something
happens
or
is
true
•
I'll
go
for
a
walk
unless
it
rains
.
I'll
go
for
a
walk
unless
it
rains
.
•
You
won't
pass
the
exam
unless
you
study
harder
.
You
won't
pass
the
exam
unless
you
study
harder
.
preposition
except
;
other
than
(
used
before
a
noun
phrase
,
now
rare
and
formal
)
•
No
one
may
leave
,
unless
permission
of
the
guard
.
No
one
may
leave
,
unless
permission
of
the
guard
.
•
She
ate
nothing
unless
bread
and
water
during
the
long
fast
.
She
ate
nothing
unless
bread
and
water
during
the
long
fast
.
mountain
noun
a
very
high
piece
of
land
that
rises
far
above
the
surrounding
area
,
often
with
steep
sides
and
a
pointed
or
rounded
top
•
We
climbed
the
mountain
and
watched
the
sunrise
from
the
top
.
We
climbed
the
mountain
and
watched
the
sunrise
from
the
top
.
•
Snow
covered
the
mountain
all
year
round
.
Snow
covered
the
mountain
all
year
round
.
From
Old
French
montagne
,
from
Latin
montānea
,
meaning
“
mountainous
region
,”
derived
from
mōns
“
mountain
”.
noun
a
very
large
pile
or
great
amount
of
something
•
I
have
a
mountain
of
homework
to
finish
tonight
.
I
have
a
mountain
of
homework
to
finish
tonight
.
•
There
was
a
mountain
of
dirty
dishes
in
the
sink
.
There
was
a
mountain
of
dirty
dishes
in
the
sink
.
sing
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
to
make
musical
sounds
with
your
voice
,
often
following
a
tune
or
words
•
At
the
talent
show
,
Mia
decided
to
sing
her
favorite
pop
song
.
At
the
talent
show
,
Mia
decided
to
sing
her
favorite
pop
song
.
•
Every
Sunday
morning
,
the
church
choir
sings
joyfully
during
rehearsal
.
Every
Sunday
morning
,
the
church
choir
sings
joyfully
during
rehearsal
.
Old
English
‘
singan
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
‘
zingen
’
and
German
‘
singen
’.
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
(
of
birds
)
to
produce
melodious
sounds
that
resemble
songs
•
At
dawn
,
robins
sing
outside
my
window
.
At
dawn
,
robins
sing
outside
my
window
.
•
In
the
rainforest
,
dozens
of
exotic
birds
sang
overhead
.
In
the
rainforest
,
dozens
of
exotic
birds
sang
overhead
.
Same
origin
as
human
sense
:
Old
English
‘
singan
’.
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
(
of
a
kettle
,
wind
,
machine
,
etc
.)
to
make
a
high
,
continuous
,
or
pleasant
sound
•
The
kettle
began
to
sing
when
the
water
boiled
.
The
kettle
began
to
sing
when
the
water
boiled
.
•
A
cold
wind
sang
through
the
cracks
in
the
cabin
walls
.
A
cold
wind
sang
through
the
cracks
in
the
cabin
walls
.
Extension
of
the
musical
sense
to
describe
pleasant
or
continuous
sounds
.
verb
-
sing
,
singing
,
sings
,
sang
,
sung
(
slang
)
to
confess
to
a
crime
or
give
information
to
the
police
•
After
hours
of
questioning
,
the
suspect
finally
sang
and
revealed
the
plan
.
After
hours
of
questioning
,
the
suspect
finally
sang
and
revealed
the
plan
.
•
The
gang
was
certain
no
one
would
sing
,
but
one
member
did
.
The
gang
was
certain
no
one
would
sing
,
but
one
member
did
.
20th-century
American
slang
,
comparing
confessing
to
a
bird
’
s
loud
song
.
drink
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
to
take
a
liquid
into
your
mouth
and
swallow
it
•
Remember
to
drink
plenty
of
water
during
the
hike
.
Remember
to
drink
plenty
of
water
during
the
hike
.
•
She
drank
hot
tea
while
reading
her
book
by
the
window
.
She
drank
hot
tea
while
reading
her
book
by
the
window
.
Old
English
drincan
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*drinkanan
,
related
to
German
trinken
and
Dutch
drinken
.
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
to
take
liquid
into
your
mouth
and
swallow
it
•
I
always
drink
a
glass
of
milk
before
bed
.
I
always
drink
a
glass
of
milk
before
bed
.
•
She
is
drinking
lemonade
by
the
pool
.
She
is
drinking
lemonade
by
the
pool
.
From
Old
English
“
drincan
”,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
“
trinken
”.
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
to
consume
alcoholic
beverages
,
often
regularly
•
Jim
drinks
every
night
after
work
.
Jim
drinks
every
night
after
work
.
•
She
promised
she
would
stop
drinking
once
the
baby
arrived
.
She
promised
she
would
stop
drinking
once
the
baby
arrived
.
Specialized
from
the
general
verb
sense
;
the
idea
of
drinking
alcohol
became
common
in
the
14th
century
.
spring
verb
-
spring
,
springing
,
springs
,
sprang
,
sprung
to
move
or
jump
suddenly
and
quickly
•
The
cat
sprang
onto
the
windowsill
to
watch
the
birds
outside
.
The
cat
sprang
onto
the
windowsill
to
watch
the
birds
outside
.
•
When
the
alarm
rang
,
the
firefighters
sprung
into
action
.
When
the
alarm
rang
,
the
firefighters
sprung
into
action
.
fun
noun
-
fun
The
feeling
of
enjoyment
,
playfulness
,
or
amusement
that
makes
an
activity
pleasant
.
•
The
children
squealed
with
fun
as
they
splashed
in
the
town
fountain
.
The
children
squealed
with
fun
as
they
splashed
in
the
town
fountain
.
•
We
had
so
much
fun
building
a
snowman
in
the
yard
.
We
had
so
much
fun
building
a
snowman
in
the
yard
.
noun
-
fun
the
feeling
of
enjoyment
or
amusement
,
especially
when
you
are
playing
or
doing
something
pleasant
•
The
children
had
so
much
fun
building
sandcastles
on
the
beach
.
The
children
had
so
much
fun
building
sandcastles
on
the
beach
.
•
They
played
cards
just
for
fun
while
waiting
for
the
train
.
They
played
cards
just
for
fun
while
waiting
for
the
train
.
Originally
a
dialectal
English
word
meaning
“
cheat
or
trick
”
in
the
late
1600s
;
its
sense
gradually
softened
to
“
joke
”
and
then
to
“
amusement
”
by
the
late
1700s
.
adjective
Enjoyable
;
causing
laughter
or
pleasure
.
•
We
played
a
fun
board
game
by
the
fireplace
.
We
played
a
fun
board
game
by
the
fireplace
.
•
Jenna
suggested
a
fun
idea
for
the
science
project
—
a
volcano
that
really
erupts
.
Jenna
suggested
a
fun
idea
for
the
science
project
—
a
volcano
that
really
erupts
.
adjective
-
fun
,
funner
,
funnest
enjoyable
and
entertaining
•
That
was
a
really
fun
movie
to
watch
with
the
whole
family
.
That
was
a
really
fun
movie
to
watch
with
the
whole
family
.
•
She
designs
fun
costumes
for
the
school
play
.
She
designs
fun
costumes
for
the
school
play
.
interjection
Used
to
show
excitement
or
approval
about
something
enjoyable
just
mentioned
.
•
“
Fun
!”
Carlos
said
when
he
heard
about
the
beach
picnic
.
“
Fun
!”
Carlos
said
when
he
heard
about
the
beach
picnic
.
•
“
A
surprise
treasure
hunt
?
Fun
!”
shouted
the
campers
.
“
A
surprise
treasure
hunt
?
Fun
!”
shouted
the
campers
.
foundation
noun
the
solid
base
,
usually
made
of
concrete
,
that
supports
a
building
or
other
structure
and
keeps
it
stable
•
The
workers
waited
for
the
concrete
foundation
to
harden
before
they
started
laying
bricks
.
The
workers
waited
for
the
concrete
foundation
to
harden
before
they
started
laying
bricks
.
•
During
the
earthquake
,
the
old
cabin
shifted
because
its
wooden
foundation
was
weak
.
During
the
earthquake
,
the
old
cabin
shifted
because
its
wooden
foundation
was
weak
.
From
Middle
English
fundacioun
,
from
Old
French
fondation
,
from
Latin
fundātiō
meaning
“
a
founding
,
laying
of
a
base
,”
from
fundāre
“
to
lay
the
base
”
noun
the
basic
principle
,
idea
,
or
fact
that
something
is
built
on
or
starts
from
•
Honesty
is
the
foundation
of
a
strong
friendship
.
Honesty
is
the
foundation
of
a
strong
friendship
.
•
Mathematics
forms
the
foundation
for
many
modern
technologies
.
Mathematics
forms
the
foundation
for
many
modern
technologies
.
noun
-
foundation
a
skin-colored
cosmetic
cream
or
powder
spread
over
the
face
to
create
an
even
tone
before
applying
other
makeup
•
She
applied
a
light
layer
of
foundation
to
cover
her
freckles
.
She
applied
a
light
layer
of
foundation
to
cover
her
freckles
.
•
The
actor
’
s
heavy
stage
lights
required
a
thicker
foundation
.
The
actor
’
s
heavy
stage
lights
required
a
thicker
foundation
.
noun
an
organization
that
is
created
and
given
money
to
support
a
particular
cause
,
study
,
or
charity
•
The
medical
foundation
donated
new
equipment
to
the
children
’
s
hospital
.
The
medical
foundation
donated
new
equipment
to
the
children
’
s
hospital
.
•
He
set
up
a
private
foundation
to
fund
scholarships
for
local
students
.
He
set
up
a
private
foundation
to
fund
scholarships
for
local
students
.
hundred
adjective
the
number
100
,
equal
to
ten
times
ten
•
One
hundred
students
filled
the
auditorium
for
the
ceremony
.
One
hundred
students
filled
the
auditorium
for
the
ceremony
.
•
Can
you
count
to
hundred
in
English
?
Can
you
count
to
hundred
in
English
?
Old
English
hundred
‘
group
of
100
’,
from
hund
‘
hundred
’
+
red
‘
reckoning
’.
adjective
the
number
100
•
Sam
proudly
counted
to
hundred
without
making
a
mistake
.
Sam
proudly
counted
to
hundred
without
making
a
mistake
.
•
There
are
exactly
hundred
years
in
a
century
.
There
are
exactly
hundred
years
in
a
century
.
noun
a
group
or
unit
of
one
hundred
things
,
people
,
or
money
units
•
He
withdrew
a
hundred
from
the
ATM
to
pay
the
rent
.
He
withdrew
a
hundred
from
the
ATM
to
pay
the
rent
.
•
Please
tie
the
straws
into
bundles
of
a
hundred
.
Please
tie
the
straws
into
bundles
of
a
hundred
.
Same
origin
as
the
numeral
sense
:
Old
English
hundred
‘
group
of
100
’.
noun
a
collection
or
unit
of
one
hundred
things
,
people
,
or
years
•
The
factory
produced
a
hundred
bicycles
in
one
day
.
The
factory
produced
a
hundred
bicycles
in
one
day
.
•
He
bought
a
hundred
stamps
for
his
collection
.
He
bought
a
hundred
stamps
for
his
collection
.
noun
(
historical
)
in
medieval
England
,
a
subdivision
of
a
county
used
for
local
administration
and
justice
•
In
Saxon
times
,
each
hundred
held
its
own
court
.
In
Saxon
times
,
each
hundred
held
its
own
court
.
•
The
village
once
belonged
to
the
Somerton
hundred
of
Somerset
.
The
village
once
belonged
to
the
Somerton
hundred
of
Somerset
.
announce
verb
-
announce
,
announcing
,
announces
,
announced
to
tell
people
about
something
publicly
,
especially
news
or
plans
•
The
company
will
announce
its
new
smartphone
tomorrow
at
noon
.
The
company
will
announce
its
new
smartphone
tomorrow
at
noon
.
•
During
dinner
,
Maria
proudly
announced
that
she
had
won
the
scholarship
.
During
dinner
,
Maria
proudly
announced
that
she
had
won
the
scholarship
.
from
Latin
annuntiare
“
bring
news
,
proclaim
”,
from
ad-
“
to
”
+
nuntiare
“
report
”
verb
-
announce
,
announcing
,
announces
,
announced
to
introduce
someone
or
something
so
that
people
know
who
or
what
is
coming
next
•
The
host
announced
the
next
band
with
great
enthusiasm
.
The
host
announced
the
next
band
with
great
enthusiasm
.
•
Before
the
bride
entered
,
the
usher
announced
her
arrival
to
the
guests
.
Before
the
bride
entered
,
the
usher
announced
her
arrival
to
the
guests
.
verb
-
announce
,
announcing
,
announces
,
announced
in
some
card
games
,
to
declare
a
bid
,
contract
,
or
the
possession
of
certain
cards
•
In
bridge
,
she
confidently
announced
a
small
slam
in
hearts
.
In
bridge
,
she
confidently
announced
a
small
slam
in
hearts
.
•
Players
must
announce
any
special
combinations
before
the
first
trick
is
played
.
Players
must
announce
any
special
combinations
before
the
first
trick
is
played
.
understanding
noun
knowledge
or
clear
insight
about
how
something
works
or
what
something
means
•
Maria
showed
a
deep
understanding
of
the
math
problem
during
class
.
Maria
showed
a
deep
understanding
of
the
math
problem
during
class
.
•
Reading
books
about
other
cultures
can
widen
our
understanding
of
the
world
.
Reading
books
about
other
cultures
can
widen
our
understanding
of
the
world
.
From
the
verb
"
understand
"
+
the
suffix
"
-ing
",
first
recorded
in
Old
English
as
a
noun
meaning
"
comprehension
".
noun
an
informal
agreement
or
arrangement
between
people
or
groups
•
We
have
an
understanding
that
I
will
water
her
plants
while
she
is
away
.
We
have
an
understanding
that
I
will
water
her
plants
while
she
is
away
.
•
The
two
companies
reached
an
understanding
to
share
technology
.
The
two
companies
reached
an
understanding
to
share
technology
.
Developed
from
the
broader
sense
of
"
comprehension
"
to
mean
"
agreement
"
in
the
late
17th
century
,
emphasizing
shared
knowledge
between
parties
.
adjective
sympathetic
and
willing
to
forgive
or
consider
someone
’
s
feelings
•
The
understanding
teacher
gave
the
student
extra
time
to
finish
the
test
.
The
understanding
teacher
gave
the
student
extra
time
to
finish
the
test
.
•
Her
friends
were
very
understanding
when
she
had
to
cancel
the
trip
.
Her
friends
were
very
understanding
when
she
had
to
cancel
the
trip
.
Adjective
use
recorded
from
the
early
1600s
,
shifting
from
the
participial
sense
of
"
one
who
understands
"
to
a
quality
of
empathy
.
wind
verb
-
wind
,
winding
,
winds
,
wound
to
turn
or
twist
something
around
and
around
,
or
to
turn
a
handle
or
key
to
make
a
device
work
•
Could
you
wind
the
music
box
for
the
baby
?
Could
you
wind
the
music
box
for
the
baby
?
•
He
carefully
wound
the
scarf
around
his
neck
.
He
carefully
wound
the
scarf
around
his
neck
.
Old
English
“
windan
”
meaning
‘
to
twist
or
turn
’;
related
to
German
“
winden
”.
verb
-
wind
,
winding
,
winds
,
wound
to
move
or
curve
in
a
twisting
,
indirect
way
•
A
narrow
path
winds
through
the
dense
bamboo
forest
.
A
narrow
path
winds
through
the
dense
bamboo
forest
.
•
The
river
wound
lazily
across
the
plain
toward
the
sea
.
The
river
wound
lazily
across
the
plain
toward
the
sea
.
Same
Old
English
source
as
the
turning
verb
sense
,
extended
to
describe
twisting
motion
of
objects
and
routes
.
funny
adjective
-
funny
,
funnies
,
funnier
,
funniest
making
you
laugh
or
smile
because
it
is
amusing
•
The
movie
was
so
funny
that
everyone
in
the
theater
laughed
out
loud
.
The
movie
was
so
funny
that
everyone
in
the
theater
laughed
out
loud
.
•
My
brother
told
a
funny
story
about
his
first
day
at
work
.
My
brother
told
a
funny
story
about
his
first
day
at
work
.
adjective
-
funny
,
funnies
,
funnier
,
funniest
strange
,
unusual
,
or
making
you
feel
that
something
is
not
quite
right
•
This
milk
tastes
funny
—
I
think
it's
gone
bad
.
This
milk
tastes
funny
—
I
think
it's
gone
bad
.
•
I
heard
a
funny
noise
coming
from
the
basement
last
night
.
I
heard
a
funny
noise
coming
from
the
basement
last
night
.
noun
-
funny
,
funnies
,
funnier
,
funniest
a
joke
,
comic
strip
,
or
other
thing
that
makes
people
laugh
•
He
always
has
a
good
funny
to
tell
at
parties
.
He
always
has
a
good
funny
to
tell
at
parties
.
•
I
read
the
Sunday
funny
while
eating
breakfast
.
I
read
the
Sunday
funny
while
eating
breakfast
.
council
noun
a
group
of
people
who
are
elected
or
chosen
to
make
decisions
or
give
advice
for
a
community
,
organization
,
or
other
larger
group
•
The
residents
elected
a
new
council
to
manage
the
neighborhood
park
.
The
residents
elected
a
new
council
to
manage
the
neighborhood
park
.
•
The
student
council
organized
a
charity
concert
for
the
school
.
The
student
council
organized
a
charity
concert
for
the
school
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
counseil
",
from
Latin
"
concilium
"
meaning
‘
gathering
’
or
‘
meeting
’.
noun
the
local
government
organization
that
runs
services
and
makes
decisions
for
a
town
,
city
,
or
county
•
She
reported
the
overflowing
bins
to
the
council
so
they
could
be
emptied
.
She
reported
the
overflowing
bins
to
the
council
so
they
could
be
emptied
.
•
After
the
storm
,
the
council
quickly
cleared
fallen
trees
from
the
roads
.
After
the
storm
,
the
council
quickly
cleared
fallen
trees
from
the
roads
.
count
verb
to
say
numbers
in
order
or
to
find
how
many
things
there
are
•
The
little
girl
can
count
to
twenty
without
help
.
The
little
girl
can
count
to
twenty
without
help
.
•
Please
count
the
chairs
before
the
guests
arrive
.
Please
count
the
chairs
before
the
guests
arrive
.
From
Old
French
conter
,
from
Latin
computāre
“
to
calculate
”.
verb
to
say
or
calculate
numbers
in
order
to
find
how
many
people
or
things
there
are
•
The
teacher
asked
the
children
to
count
the
apples
in
the
basket
.
The
teacher
asked
the
children
to
count
the
apples
in
the
basket
.
•
Inside
the
vault
,
the
clerk
counted
each
coin
before
sealing
the
bag
.
Inside
the
vault
,
the
clerk
counted
each
coin
before
sealing
the
bag
.
From
Middle
English
‘
counten
’,
from
Old
French
‘
conter
’,
from
Latin
‘
computare
’
meaning
‘
to
calculate
’.
noun
the
total
number
of
things
that
you
get
after
counting
•
After
a
quick
count
,
we
realized
two
students
were
missing
.
After
a
quick
count
,
we
realized
two
students
were
missing
.
•
Keep
a
count
of
how
many
cookies
you
sell
.
Keep
a
count
of
how
many
cookies
you
sell
.
noun
the
total
number
of
people
or
things
that
have
been
counted
•
The
final
count
of
guests
was
seventy-two
.
The
final
count
of
guests
was
seventy-two
.
•
She
gave
me
a
quick
count
of
the
ballots
.
She
gave
me
a
quick
count
of
the
ballots
.
verb
to
include
someone
or
something
when
you
calculate
a
total
or
make
a
list
•
Make
sure
you
count
Sarah
when
you
hand
out
the
invitations
.
Make
sure
you
count
Sarah
when
you
hand
out
the
invitations
.
•
They
didn
’
t
count
the
broken
eggs
in
the
price
.
They
didn
’
t
count
the
broken
eggs
in
the
price
.
verb
to
be
important
or
have
value
•
Every
vote
counts
in
a
close
election
.
Every
vote
counts
in
a
close
election
.
•
What
really
counts
is
that
you're
safe
.
What
really
counts
is
that
you're
safe
.
noun
an
act
of
saying
numbers
in
sequence
,
especially
to
measure
time
•
The
boxer
got
up
at
the
eight
count
.
The
boxer
got
up
at
the
eight
count
.
•
Close
your
eyes
and
start
a
slow
count
to
ten
.
Close
your
eyes
and
start
a
slow
count
to
ten
.
verb
to
be
important
or
have
value
•
Every
vote
counts
in
the
election
.
Every
vote
counts
in
the
election
.
•
It
’
s
the
effort
that
counts
,
not
the
result
.
It
’
s
the
effort
that
counts
,
not
the
result
.
noun
a
male
noble
of
rank
below
a
marquis
and
above
a
viscount
in
some
European
countries
•
The
count
welcomed
his
guests
to
the
grand
estate
.
The
count
welcomed
his
guests
to
the
grand
estate
.
•
She
married
a
French
count
and
moved
to
his
château
.
She
married
a
French
count
and
moved
to
his
château
.
Borrowed
from
French
comte
,
from
Latin
comes
meaning
“
companion
”
or
“
attendant
to
the
emperor
”.
verb
to
consider
someone
or
something
as
part
of
a
group
or
category
•
I
count
Liam
among
my
closest
friends
.
I
count
Liam
among
my
closest
friends
.
•
Does
reading
comics
count
as
studying
?
Does
reading
comics
count
as
studying
?
noun
a
European
nobleman
ranking
below
a
marquis
and
above
a
viscount
•
A
count
once
owned
the
ancient
castle
on
the
hill
.
A
count
once
owned
the
ancient
castle
on
the
hill
.
•
The
count
and
countess
hosted
a
lavish
ball
.
The
count
and
countess
hosted
a
lavish
ball
.
From
French
‘
comte
’,
from
Latin
‘
comes
’
meaning
‘
companion
’
or
‘
attendant
’
to
the
emperor
,
later
a
title
of
nobility
.
noun
a
separate
charge
or
allegation
listed
in
a
legal
case
•
He
was
found
guilty
on
one
count
of
fraud
.
He
was
found
guilty
on
one
count
of
fraud
.
•
The
indictment
listed
three
counts
of
theft
.
The
indictment
listed
three
counts
of
theft
.
communication
noun
the
act
of
sharing
information
,
ideas
,
or
feelings
with
other
people
so
they
can
understand
you
•
Good
communication
helps
teams
solve
problems
quickly
.
Good
communication
helps
teams
solve
problems
quickly
.
•
Babies
use
crying
as
their
first
form
of
communication
.
Babies
use
crying
as
their
first
form
of
communication
.
From
Latin
communicatio
meaning
‘
a
sharing
’
or
‘
imparting
’,
derived
from
communicare
‘
to
share
,
to
make
common
’.
noun
a
message
,
letter
,
email
,
or
other
piece
of
information
that
is
sent
from
one
person
or
place
to
another
•
We
received
an
urgent
communication
from
the
school
about
tomorrow's
schedule
.
We
received
an
urgent
communication
from
the
school
about
tomorrow's
schedule
.
•
The
scientist
published
a
brief
communication
in
the
journal
.
The
scientist
published
a
brief
communication
in
the
journal
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Latin
communicatio
.
The
meaning
‘
message
’
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
.
communications
noun
the
systems
,
equipment
,
or
technology
used
for
sending
information
such
as
phone
,
radio
,
or
internet
•
The
company
invested
in
satellite
communications
to
reach
remote
areas
.
The
company
invested
in
satellite
communications
to
reach
remote
areas
.
•
The
army
relies
on
secure
communications
during
missions
.
The
army
relies
on
secure
communications
during
missions
.
The
plural
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
alongside
new
electric
and
radio
technologies
that
allowed
information
to
travel
long
distances
.
function
noun
the
job
or
purpose
that
something
has
or
is
made
to
do
•
The
main
function
of
a
refrigerator
is
to
keep
food
cold
.
The
main
function
of
a
refrigerator
is
to
keep
food
cold
.
•
A
smartphone
has
many
functions
,
including
taking
photos
and
browsing
the
web
.
A
smartphone
has
many
functions
,
including
taking
photos
and
browsing
the
web
.
From
Latin
“
functio
”
meaning
“
performance
,
execution
,”
derived
from
“
fungi
”
–
to
perform
.
noun
a
large
formal
social
event
such
as
a
party
,
ceremony
,
or
official
gathering
•
They
booked
a
hotel
ballroom
for
the
wedding
function
.
They
booked
a
hotel
ballroom
for
the
wedding
function
.
•
He
wore
a
tuxedo
to
the
charity
function
last
night
.
He
wore
a
tuxedo
to
the
charity
function
last
night
.
Sense
of
“
social
event
”
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
from
the
idea
of
people
meeting
to
perform
an
official
purpose
.
verb
-
function
,
functioning
,
functions
,
functioned
to
work
or
operate
in
the
correct
or
intended
way
•
After
the
repair
,
the
old
radio
finally
functioned
again
.
After
the
repair
,
the
old
radio
finally
functioned
again
.
•
Without
batteries
,
the
toy
car
cannot
function
.
Without
batteries
,
the
toy
car
cannot
function
.
Verb
sense
recorded
from
the
late
17th
century
,
from
the
noun
meaning
“
to
perform
a
duty
.”
noun
a
rule
in
mathematics
that
links
every
input
value
to
exactly
one
output
value
•
The
equation
y
=
2x
shows
a
linear
function
with
a
constant
slope
.
The
equation
y
=
2x
shows
a
linear
function
with
a
constant
slope
.
•
Students
plotted
the
quadratic
function
on
graph
paper
.
Students
plotted
the
quadratic
function
on
graph
paper
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
the
17th
century
by
Leibniz
to
describe
dependent
quantities
.
noun
a
named
block
of
computer
code
that
performs
a
specific
action
when
it
is
called
•
In
Python
,
the
"
print
()"
function
displays
text
on
the
screen
.
In
Python
,
the
"
print
()"
function
displays
text
on
the
screen
.
•
They
wrote
a
function
to
calculate
the
total
price
of
all
items
in
the
cart
.
They
wrote
a
function
to
calculate
the
total
price
of
all
items
in
the
cart
.
Borrowed
into
computing
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
extending
the
mathematical
sense
to
pieces
of
executable
code
.
background
noun
the
part
of
a
scene
or
picture
that
is
farthest
from
the
viewer
and
not
the
main
focus
•
Snowy
mountains
rose
in
the
background
of
the
holiday
photo
.
Snowy
mountains
rose
in
the
background
of
the
holiday
photo
.
•
A
small
boat
drifted
past
while
the
city
skyline
shimmered
in
the
background
.
A
small
boat
drifted
past
while
the
city
skyline
shimmered
in
the
background
.
noun
quiet
sound
,
music
,
or
noise
that
is
present
but
not
the
main
focus
•
Soft
jazz
played
in
the
background
while
we
ate
dinner
.
Soft
jazz
played
in
the
background
while
we
ate
dinner
.
•
He
likes
to
keep
the
TV
on
in
the
background
when
he
studies
.
He
likes
to
keep
the
TV
on
in
the
background
when
he
studies
.
noun
a
person
’
s
past
experiences
,
education
,
or
family
that
shapes
who
they
are
•
Despite
her
poor
background
,
Maria
became
a
successful
engineer
.
Despite
her
poor
background
,
Maria
became
a
successful
engineer
.
•
We
want
candidates
with
a
strong
science
background
.
We
want
candidates
with
a
strong
science
background
.
noun
the
general
situation
or
conditions
in
which
something
happens
and
that
helps
explain
it
•
The
speech
came
against
a
background
of
rising
unemployment
.
The
speech
came
against
a
background
of
rising
unemployment
.
•
To
understand
the
conflict
,
you
need
some
historical
background
.
To
understand
the
conflict
,
you
need
some
historical
background
.
noun
computer
programs
or
processes
that
keep
running
while
you
work
on
something
else
and
do
not
appear
on
the
main
screen
•
The
antivirus
program
runs
in
the
background
so
you
never
notice
it
.
The
antivirus
program
runs
in
the
background
so
you
never
notice
it
.
•
Too
many
background
apps
can
drain
your
phone
battery
.
Too
many
background
apps
can
drain
your
phone
battery
.
pound
noun
-
study
,
studying
,
studies
,
studied
,
happy
,
happier
,
happiest
a
unit
of
weight
equal
to
16
ounces
,
or
about
0
.
454
kilograms
•
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
pound
of
strawberries
.
•
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
He
lost
five
pounds
after
a
week
of
hiking
.
From
Old
English
“
pund
,”
ultimately
from
Latin
“
pōndo
” (
by
weight
).
unique
adjective
being
the
only
one
of
its
kind
;
having
nothing
else
exactly
like
it
•
The
museum
displayed
a
unique
diamond
that
cannot
be
found
anywhere
else
in
the
world
.
The
museum
displayed
a
unique
diamond
that
cannot
be
found
anywhere
else
in
the
world
.
•
Each
snowflake
is
unique
,
so
no
two
are
exactly
alike
.
Each
snowflake
is
unique
,
so
no
two
are
exactly
alike
.
Mid-17th
century
,
from
French
‘
unique
’,
from
Latin
‘
unicus
’
meaning
‘
only
,
single
’.
adjective
unusual
in
a
special
,
interesting
,
or
appealing
way
•
Her
birthday
party
had
a
unique
theme
inspired
by
outer
space
.
Her
birthday
party
had
a
unique
theme
inspired
by
outer
space
.
•
My
grandmother
has
a
unique
way
of
telling
stories
that
keeps
everyone
listening
.
My
grandmother
has
a
unique
way
of
telling
stories
that
keeps
everyone
listening
.
See
primary
sense
etymology
.
lunch
noun
-
lunch
,
lunches
the
meal
that
people
usually
eat
around
the
middle
of
the
day
•
We
usually
eat
lunch
at
noon
.
We
usually
eat
lunch
at
noon
.
•
Marta
packed
a
picnic
lunch
for
the
hike
.
Marta
packed
a
picnic
lunch
for
the
hike
.
From
Middle
English
“
luncheon
,”
a
light
meal
,
later
shortened
to
“
lunch
”
in
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
lunch
,
lunching
,
lunches
,
lunched
to
eat
the
midday
meal
•
They
lunched
on
sushi
after
the
meeting
.
They
lunched
on
sushi
after
the
meeting
.
•
We
often
lunch
together
in
the
park
when
the
weather
is
nice
.
We
often
lunch
together
in
the
park
when
the
weather
is
nice
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
“
lunch
,”
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
.
ring
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
to
make
a
telephone
call
to
someone
•
I'll
ring
you
tomorrow
with
the
details
.
I'll
ring
you
tomorrow
with
the
details
.
•
She
rang
her
mother
as
soon
as
she
landed
.
She
rang
her
mother
as
soon
as
she
landed
.
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
to
make
a
clear
,
bell-like
sound
•
The
doorbell
rings
every
time
someone
enters
.
The
doorbell
rings
every
time
someone
enters
.
•
Church
bells
rang
at
noon
.
Church
bells
rang
at
noon
.
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
(
of
a
bell
,
alarm
,
or
phone
)
to
make
a
clear
,
resonant
sound
.
•
Please
wait
until
the
bell
rings
before
entering
the
classroom
.
Please
wait
until
the
bell
rings
before
entering
the
classroom
.
•
The
church
bell
rang
loudly
at
noon
.
The
church
bell
rang
loudly
at
noon
.
verb
-
ring
,
ringing
,
rings
,
rang
,
rung
to
telephone
someone
.
•
I'll
ring
you
later
to
discuss
the
plan
.
I'll
ring
you
later
to
discuss
the
plan
.
•
Could
you
ring
the
doctor
and
make
an
appointment
?
Could
you
ring
the
doctor
and
make
an
appointment
?
launch
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
send
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
up
into
the
air
or
into
space
•
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
Crowds
at
the
seaside
observatory
gasped
as
the
agency
launched
its
newest
weather
satellite
into
the
twilight
sky
.
•
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
In
the
classroom
video
,
scientists
carefully
counted
down
before
launching
a
probe
toward
Mars
.
Middle
English
"
launchen
"
meaning
"
to
hurl
"
or
"
to
throw
",
from
Old
French
"
lancier
".
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
start
selling
,
showing
,
or
offering
a
new
product
,
service
,
or
publication
to
the
public
•
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
The
tech
company
will
launch
its
latest
smartphone
next
Tuesday
.
•
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Our
bakery
launched
a
gluten-free
range
to
meet
customer
demand
.
Sense
of
“
bring
to
market
”
dates
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
sending
forth
’.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
the
act
of
sending
a
rocket
,
spacecraft
,
or
missile
into
the
air
or
space
•
Millions
watched
the
live
broadcast
of
the
rocket
launch
from
their
homes
.
Millions
watched
the
live
broadcast
of
the
rocket
launch
from
their
homes
.
•
Bad
weather
forced
officials
to
postpone
the
launch
by
twenty-four
hours
.
Bad
weather
forced
officials
to
postpone
the
launch
by
twenty-four
hours
.
Noun
sense
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
shortly
before
early
rocketry
experiments
.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
a
planned
event
at
which
a
new
product
,
book
,
or
service
is
officially
introduced
•
The
fashion
designer
held
a
glamorous
launch
for
her
new
clothing
line
.
The
fashion
designer
held
a
glamorous
launch
for
her
new
clothing
line
.
•
Tickets
to
the
video-game
launch
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Tickets
to
the
video-game
launch
sold
out
in
minutes
.
Business
sense
evolved
in
the
early
20th
century
from
the
idea
of
‘
setting
something
afloat
’
to
‘
introducing
to
the
public
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
begin
or
set
in
motion
an
important
plan
,
campaign
,
or
activity
•
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
The
mayor
launched
a
major
clean-up
campaign
to
reduce
plastic
waste
in
the
city
.
•
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Scientists
recently
launched
a
global
study
on
climate-change
impacts
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
nautical
sense
of
‘
put
a
boat
to
sea
’,
meaning
‘
set
something
going
’.
verb
-
launch
,
launching
,
launches
,
launched
to
move
a
boat
from
land
into
the
water
so
that
it
starts
floating
•
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
With
a
final
push
the
sailors
launched
the
lifeboat
into
the
choppy
sea
.
•
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Visitors
gathered
to
watch
the
shipyard
workers
launch
the
newly
built
fishing
vessel
.
Old
French
“
lancier
”
meaning
“
to
throw
”
influenced
the
nautical
sense
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
launch
,
launches
a
large
motorboat
used
to
carry
passengers
or
goods
for
short
distances
,
especially
on
rivers
or
around
harbors
•
We
hired
a
launch
to
take
us
across
the
lake
to
the
castle
.
We
hired
a
launch
to
take
us
across
the
lake
to
the
castle
.
•
The
harbor
police
patrol
the
bay
in
a
fast
blue
launch
.
The
harbor
police
patrol
the
bay
in
a
fast
blue
launch
.
From
the
earlier
verb
sense
“
to
put
a
boat
to
water
”;
by
the
17th
century
it
became
a
noun
for
the
boat
itself
.
unfortunately
adverb
used
to
introduce
or
emphasize
that
a
fact
or
situation
is
unlucky
,
bad
,
or
disappointing
•
Unfortunately
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
because
heavy
rain
flooded
the
stage
.
Unfortunately
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
because
heavy
rain
flooded
the
stage
.
•
Unfortunately
,
I
realized
on
the
bus
that
I
had
left
my
phone
at
home
.
Unfortunately
,
I
realized
on
the
bus
that
I
had
left
my
phone
at
home
.
united
adjective
Joined
together
to
form
one
group
,
country
,
or
organization
.
•
After
decades
of
division
,
the
two
towns
formed
a
united
city
council
.
After
decades
of
division
,
the
two
towns
formed
a
united
city
council
.
•
The
rebels
dreamed
of
creating
one
united
nation
out
of
the
scattered
kingdoms
.
The
rebels
dreamed
of
creating
one
united
nation
out
of
the
scattered
kingdoms
.
From
unite
+
-ed
,
first
recorded
in
the
15th
century
to
describe
kingdoms
or
groups
that
had
been
brought
together
.
verb
-
unite
,
uniting
,
unites
,
united
Past
tense
and
past
participle
of
unite
.
•
The
new
bridge
united
the
two
villages
across
the
river
.
The
new
bridge
united
the
two
villages
across
the
river
.
•
Music
united
strangers
at
the
festival
into
one
joyful
crowd
.
Music
united
strangers
at
the
festival
into
one
joyful
crowd
.
adjective
Agreeing
and
acting
together
for
the
same
purpose
.
•
The
whole
class
was
united
in
supporting
their
teammate
.
The
whole
class
was
united
in
supporting
their
teammate
.
•
Leaders
from
different
parties
stood
united
against
corruption
.
Leaders
from
different
parties
stood
united
against
corruption
.
universe
noun
all
space
,
time
,
matter
,
and
energy
that
exist
everywhere
•
On
a
clear
night
,
she
stared
at
the
Milky
Way
and
wondered
how
enormous
the
universe
really
is
.
On
a
clear
night
,
she
stared
at
the
Milky
Way
and
wondered
how
enormous
the
universe
really
is
.
•
The
documentary
explained
that
the
universe
began
with
a
brilliant
burst
called
the
Big
Bang
.
The
documentary
explained
that
the
universe
began
with
a
brilliant
burst
called
the
Big
Bang
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
"
universum
"
meaning
“
the
whole
,
entire
world
,”
from
"
uni-
" (
one
)
+
"
versus
" (
turned
).
noun
a
particular
world
,
setting
,
or
area
that
is
thought
of
as
a
complete
whole
,
especially
in
fiction
,
business
,
or
everyday
life
•
The
movie
is
set
in
a
fantasy
universe
filled
with
dragons
and
magic
.
The
movie
is
set
in
a
fantasy
universe
filled
with
dragons
and
magic
.
•
Fans
debate
storylines
that
connect
every
character
in
the
Marvel
universe
.
Fans
debate
storylines
that
connect
every
character
in
the
Marvel
universe
.
noun
the
complete
set
of
people
or
things
that
a
survey
,
study
,
or
measurement
is
meant
to
cover
•
The
census
aims
to
count
the
entire
universe
of
residents
in
the
country
.
The
census
aims
to
count
the
entire
universe
of
residents
in
the
country
.
•
Researchers
limited
their
universe
to
adults
over
eighteen
living
in
urban
areas
.
Researchers
limited
their
universe
to
adults
over
eighteen
living
in
urban
areas
.
unidentified
adjective
not
known
by
name
,
type
,
origin
,
or
owner
•
The
police
found
an
unidentified
bag
left
on
the
bench
.
The
police
found
an
unidentified
bag
left
on
the
bench
.
•
Scientists
are
studying
an
unidentified
species
of
deep-sea
fish
.
Scientists
are
studying
an
unidentified
species
of
deep-sea
fish
.
surround
verb
to
be
or
place
itself
on
every
side
of
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
so
that
it
is
enclosed
or
encircled
•
Tall
pine
trees
surround
the
cabin
,
giving
it
a
peaceful
,
hidden
feeling
.
Tall
pine
trees
surround
the
cabin
,
giving
it
a
peaceful
,
hidden
feeling
.
•
The
police
officers
surrounded
the
bank
to
make
sure
no
one
could
escape
.
The
police
officers
surrounded
the
bank
to
make
sure
no
one
could
escape
.
From
Middle
English
suronen
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
soronder
,
based
on
sur-
“
over
”
+
Latin
undare
“
to
flow
”.
noun
a
border
,
frame
,
or
decorative
edging
that
goes
all
the
way
around
something
such
as
a
fireplace
,
door
,
or
picture
•
The
marble
surround
of
the
fireplace
makes
the
whole
room
look
grand
.
The
marble
surround
of
the
fireplace
makes
the
whole
room
look
grand
.
•
They
chose
a
gold
surround
for
the
family
portrait
to
match
the
room
’
s
decor
.
They
chose
a
gold
surround
for
the
family
portrait
to
match
the
room
’
s
decor
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
surround
”,
referring
to
something
that
goes
around
an
object
.
uncle
noun
the
brother
of
one
of
your
parents
,
or
the
man
married
to
one
of
your
aunts
•
My
uncle
took
us
fishing
last
weekend
.
My
uncle
took
us
fishing
last
weekend
.
•
Sarah's
uncle
lives
in
Australia
.
Sarah's
uncle
lives
in
Australia
.
From
Latin
'avunculus'
meaning
'mother's
brother'
,
passing
through
Old
French
'oncle'
into
Middle
English
.
noun
a
polite
title
used
by
children
or
young
people
for
a
friendly
older
man
who
is
not
related
to
them
•
The
neighbors'
kids
call
the
friendly
postman
"
Uncle
Mike
."
The
neighbors'
kids
call
the
friendly
postman
"
Uncle
Mike
."
•
During
the
holiday
festival
,
the
village
children
ran
up
to
"
Uncle
"
to
get
sweets
.
During
the
holiday
festival
,
the
village
children
ran
up
to
"
Uncle
"
to
get
sweets
.
bunch
noun
-
bunch
,
bunches
a
group
of
things
or
people
that
are
close
together
or
fastened
together
•
He
gave
her
a
bunch
of
fresh
tulips
.
He
gave
her
a
bunch
of
fresh
tulips
.
•
A
jingling
bunch
of
keys
hung
from
the
security
guard
’
s
belt
.
A
jingling
bunch
of
keys
hung
from
the
security
guard
’
s
belt
.
From
Middle
English
bunche
(
protuberance
),
of
uncertain
origin
.
The
meaning
"
cluster
"
developed
in
the
15th
century
.
noun
-
bunch
,
bunches
(
informal
)
a
large
number
or
amount
of
something
,
usually
used
with
“
of
”
•
We
saved
a
bunch
of
money
by
booking
early
.
We
saved
a
bunch
of
money
by
booking
early
.
•
I
have
a
bunch
of
homework
to
finish
tonight
.
I
have
a
bunch
of
homework
to
finish
tonight
.
verb
-
bunch
,
bunching
,
bunches
,
bunched
to
gather
or
form
things
into
a
tight
group
,
or
to
become
gathered
or
wrinkled
in
this
way
•
She
bunched
the
papers
together
with
a
rubber
band
.
She
bunched
the
papers
together
with
a
rubber
band
.
•
The
fabric
bunched
at
his
shoulders
when
he
tried
on
the
too-small
shirt
.
The
fabric
bunched
at
his
shoulders
when
he
tried
on
the
too-small
shirt
.
funding
noun
-
funding
money
that
is
provided
or
available
to
pay
for
a
particular
purpose
•
The
museum
received
government
funding
to
restore
the
ancient
paintings
.
The
museum
received
government
funding
to
restore
the
ancient
paintings
.
•
Without
enough
funding
,
the
project
had
to
be
delayed
.
Without
enough
funding
,
the
project
had
to
be
delayed
.
verb
present
participle
of
fund
:
providing
the
money
needed
for
something
•
They
are
funding
a
new
community
center
in
the
neighborhood
.
They
are
funding
a
new
community
center
in
the
neighborhood
.
•
The
bank
is
funding
small
businesses
to
stimulate
the
local
economy
.
The
bank
is
funding
small
businesses
to
stimulate
the
local
economy
.
unable
adjective
not
able
to
do
something
•
Due
to
heavy
snow
,
the
bus
driver
was
unable
to
see
the
road
clearly
.
Due
to
heavy
snow
,
the
bus
driver
was
unable
to
see
the
road
clearly
.
•
Lina
felt
unable
to
answer
the
difficult
math
question
during
the
test
.
Lina
felt
unable
to
answer
the
difficult
math
question
during
the
test
.
round
adjective
-
round
,
rounder
,
roundest
shaped
like
a
circle
or
ball
•
The
baby
’
s
cheeks
are
soft
and
round
.
The
baby
’
s
cheeks
are
soft
and
round
.
•
They
drew
a
big
round
sun
in
the
sky
with
yellow
chalk
.
They
drew
a
big
round
sun
in
the
sky
with
yellow
chalk
.
Old
English
“
rund
”
from
Latin
“
rotundus
,”
meaning
‘
circular
’.
preposition
on
every
side
of
,
surrounding
,
or
along
the
edge
of
something
;
synonym
of
"
around
"
•
They
sat
round
the
campfire
telling
stories
.
They
sat
round
the
campfire
telling
stories
.
•
A
fence
was
built
round
the
garden
to
keep
rabbits
out
.
A
fence
was
built
round
the
garden
to
keep
rabbits
out
.
Shortened
form
of
“
around
,”
common
in
British
English
since
Middle
English
period
.
adverb
-
round
,
rounder
,
roundest
in
a
circular
movement
or
to
different
places
;
synonym
of
"
around
"
•
The
Earth
moves
round
the
Sun
.
The
Earth
moves
round
the
Sun
.
•
She
looked
round
nervously
but
saw
nothing
unusual
.
She
looked
round
nervously
but
saw
nothing
unusual
.
Adverbial
use
from
the
preposition
,
recorded
since
Middle
English
.
noun
one
stage
or
part
in
a
series
,
especially
in
a
game
,
contest
,
or
set
of
activities
•
She
reached
the
final
round
of
the
tennis
tournament
.
She
reached
the
final
round
of
the
tennis
tournament
.
•
The
quiz
had
three
rounds
,
and
the
questions
got
harder
each
time
.
The
quiz
had
three
rounds
,
and
the
questions
got
harder
each
time
.
Sense
evolved
in
18th
c
.
prize-fighting
for
each
turn
of
fighting
,
then
extended
to
games
and
contests
.
noun
a
set
of
drinks
bought
for
everyone
in
a
group
,
with
each
person
taking
a
turn
to
pay
•
It
was
my
turn
to
buy
the
next
round
at
the
pub
.
It
was
my
turn
to
buy
the
next
round
at
the
pub
.
•
They
ordered
another
round
of
coffees
during
the
meeting
.
They
ordered
another
round
of
coffees
during
the
meeting
.
From
the
idea
of
drinks
‘
going
round
’
the
group
,
first
recorded
in
19th-century
British
pubs
.
verb
-
round
,
rounding
,
rounds
,
rounded
to
move
in
or
cause
to
move
in
a
curve
or
around
something
;
to
make
something
curved
or
smoother
•
The
car
rounded
the
sharp
bend
carefully
.
The
car
rounded
the
sharp
bend
carefully
.
•
She
used
sandpaper
to
round
the
edges
of
the
wooden
box
.
She
used
sandpaper
to
round
the
edges
of
the
wooden
box
.
Old
English
“
rundian
”
meaning
‘
make
round
’,
influenced
by
French
“
rondir
”.
unusual
adjective
not
common
or
ordinary
;
happening
,
seen
,
or
done
only
rarely
•
It's
unusual
to
see
snow
here
in
October
.
It's
unusual
to
see
snow
here
in
October
.
•
Finding
an
empty
seat
on
the
rush-hour
bus
is
unusual
.
Finding
an
empty
seat
on
the
rush-hour
bus
is
unusual
.
adjective
strange
or
surprising
because
it
is
different
from
what
is
expected
or
normal
•
The
restaurant
serves
an
unusual
combination
of
chocolate
and
chili
.
The
restaurant
serves
an
unusual
combination
of
chocolate
and
chili
.
•
He
has
an
unusual
way
of
laughing
that
makes
everyone
smile
.
He
has
an
unusual
way
of
laughing
that
makes
everyone
smile
.
volunteer
noun
a
person
who
offers
to
do
a
job
or
give
help
without
being
paid
•
After
the
flood
,
many
volunteers
came
to
help
clean
the
streets
.
After
the
flood
,
many
volunteers
came
to
help
clean
the
streets
.
•
Luis
became
a
volunteer
at
the
animal
shelter
on
weekends
.
Luis
became
a
volunteer
at
the
animal
shelter
on
weekends
.
From
Latin
‘
voluntarius
’
meaning
‘
of
one
’
s
free
will
’.
verb
-
volunteer
,
volunteering
,
volunteers
,
volunteered
to
offer
to
do
something
or
give
information
without
being
asked
and
usually
without
payment
•
Maya
volunteered
to
organize
the
class
trip
.
Maya
volunteered
to
organize
the
class
trip
.
•
I
volunteer
at
the
food
bank
every
Friday
evening
.
I
volunteer
at
the
food
bank
every
Friday
evening
.
Verb
use
from
the
noun
meaning
‘
one
who
offers
freely
’.
adjective
done
,
made
,
or
given
by
free
choice
,
especially
without
payment
or
official
requirement
•
She
teaches
a
volunteer
English
class
for
immigrants
.
She
teaches
a
volunteer
English
class
for
immigrants
.
•
The
festival
depends
on
volunteer
staff
to
keep
costs
low
.
The
festival
depends
on
volunteer
staff
to
keep
costs
low
.
Adjective
sense
evolved
from
the
noun
in
the
early
19th
century
.
noun
a
person
who
joins
the
armed
forces
freely
rather
than
because
of
a
draft
or
conscription
•
During
World
War
I
,
thousands
of
young
men
signed
up
as
volunteers
.
During
World
War
I
,
thousands
of
young
men
signed
up
as
volunteers
.
•
The
army
relied
heavily
on
volunteer
soldiers
during
the
early
years
of
the
conflict
.
The
army
relied
heavily
on
volunteer
soldiers
during
the
early
years
of
the
conflict
.
Extended
military
sense
recorded
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
plant
that
grows
on
its
own
without
being
deliberately
planted
•
The
farmer
pulled
out
the
corn
volunteers
sprouting
between
the
soybean
rows
.
The
farmer
pulled
out
the
corn
volunteers
sprouting
between
the
soybean
rows
.
•
Gardeners
sometimes
let
tomato
volunteers
grow
to
see
what
fruit
they
produce
.
Gardeners
sometimes
let
tomato
volunteers
grow
to
see
what
fruit
they
produce
.
Botanical
use
recorded
from
the
19th
century
,
by
analogy
with
people
who
volunteer
.
fundamental
adjective
forming
the
basic
and
most
important
part
of
something
•
Understanding
the
water
cycle
is
fundamental
to
grasping
how
weather
works
.
Understanding
the
water
cycle
is
fundamental
to
grasping
how
weather
works
.
•
Trust
is
fundamental
in
any
strong
friendship
.
Trust
is
fundamental
in
any
strong
friendship
.
From
late
Latin
fundamentalis
“
of
the
foundation
”,
from
Latin
fundamentum
“
foundation
”.
noun
a
basic
principle
,
rule
,
or
fact
that
is
essential
to
understanding
something
•
Before
learning
algebra
,
you
must
master
the
fundamentals
of
basic
arithmetic
.
Before
learning
algebra
,
you
must
master
the
fundamentals
of
basic
arithmetic
.
•
The
professor
began
the
biology
course
by
explaining
the
fundamental
of
cell
theory
.
The
professor
began
the
biology
course
by
explaining
the
fundamental
of
cell
theory
.
same
as
adjective
sense
noun
the
lowest
natural
frequency
at
which
something
vibrates
,
producing
the
main
pitch
of
a
sound
•
The
fundamental
of
the
note
A
is
440
hertz
.
The
fundamental
of
the
note
A
is
440
hertz
.
•
You
can
hear
the
overtones
as
well
as
the
fundamental
when
the
guitar
string
is
plucked
.
You
can
hear
the
overtones
as
well
as
the
fundamental
when
the
guitar
string
is
plucked
.
technical
extension
of
the
general
noun
sense
to
acoustics
and
physics
communicate
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
to
share
or
exchange
information
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
with
someone
by
speaking
,
writing
,
or
using
other
signals
•
Even
though
they
spoke
different
languages
,
the
hikers
used
gestures
to
communicate
their
need
for
help
.
Even
though
they
spoke
different
languages
,
the
hikers
used
gestures
to
communicate
their
need
for
help
.
•
Parents
should
openly
communicate
with
their
children
about
safety
.
Parents
should
openly
communicate
with
their
children
about
safety
.
From
Latin
communicare
meaning
“
to
share
”
or
“
make
common
.”
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
to
make
an
idea
,
feeling
,
or
quality
understood
by
others
;
convey
•
The
artist
’
s
painting
communicates
a
powerful
sense
of
hope
.
The
artist
’
s
painting
communicates
a
powerful
sense
of
hope
.
•
Her
nervous
smile
communicated
that
she
was
uncomfortable
.
Her
nervous
smile
communicated
that
she
was
uncomfortable
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Latin
communicare
,
but
this
figurative
use
developed
in
Early
Modern
English
.
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
(
formal
)
for
rooms
,
passages
,
or
parts
of
the
body
to
be
directly
connected
so
that
people
or
substances
can
pass
between
them
•
The
two
rooms
communicate
through
a
sliding
glass
door
.
The
two
rooms
communicate
through
a
sliding
glass
door
.
•
The
balcony
communicates
with
the
garden
via
a
spiral
staircase
.
The
balcony
communicates
with
the
garden
via
a
spiral
staircase
.
Architectural
and
medical
senses
grew
from
the
idea
of
“
sharing
a
common
opening
”
in
17th-century
technical
writing
.
aunt
noun
the
sister
of
your
father
or
mother
,
or
the
woman
married
to
one
of
their
brothers
•
My
aunt
is
coming
to
visit
us
this
weekend
.
My
aunt
is
coming
to
visit
us
this
weekend
.
•
Every
summer
,
we
stayed
at
our
aunt's
farmhouse
and
helped
pick
apples
from
the
orchard
.
Every
summer
,
we
stayed
at
our
aunt's
farmhouse
and
helped
pick
apples
from
the
orchard
.
Middle
English
‘
aunte
’,
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
‘
amita
’
meaning
‘
father
’
s
sister
’.
noun
an
affectionate
title
for
an
older
woman
who
is
a
close
family
friend
but
not
a
blood
relative
•
All
the
kids
in
the
neighborhood
call
Mrs
.
Jenkins
Aunt
Jenny
.
All
the
kids
in
the
neighborhood
call
Mrs
.
Jenkins
Aunt
Jenny
.
•
Although
not
related
,
we
always
visit
aunt
Rosa
during
the
holidays
.
Although
not
related
,
we
always
visit
aunt
Rosa
during
the
holidays
.
bind
verb
-
bind
,
binding
,
binds
,
bound
to
tie
or
hold
something
tightly
with
rope
,
string
,
or
another
material
so
it
cannot
move
•
She
used
a
scarf
to
bind
the
newspapers
into
a
neat
bundle
.
She
used
a
scarf
to
bind
the
newspapers
into
a
neat
bundle
.
•
The
firefighter
quickly
bound
the
victim
’
s
arm
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
The
firefighter
quickly
bound
the
victim
’
s
arm
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
Old
English
"
bindan
",
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
"
binden
"
and
German
"
binden
",
meaning
“
to
tie
”.
verb
-
bind
,
binding
,
binds
,
bound
to
make
someone
legally
or
morally
required
to
do
something
•
The
contract
binds
both
parties
to
finish
the
work
by
July
.
The
contract
binds
both
parties
to
finish
the
work
by
July
.
•
He
felt
bound
by
his
promise
to
help
his
friend
move
.
He
felt
bound
by
his
promise
to
help
his
friend
move
.
verb
-
bind
,
binding
,
binds
,
bound
to
fasten
the
pages
of
a
book
together
and
attach
a
cover
•
The
printer
will
bind
the
reports
before
tomorrow's
meeting
.
The
printer
will
bind
the
reports
before
tomorrow's
meeting
.
•
She
learned
how
to
bind
her
own
notebooks
in
art
class
.
She
learned
how
to
bind
her
own
notebooks
in
art
class
.
junior
adjective
having
a
lower
rank
,
position
,
or
level
of
experience
than
someone
else
in
the
same
organization
or
activity
•
As
a
junior
doctor
,
Maya
often
worked
night
shifts
.
As
a
junior
doctor
,
Maya
often
worked
night
shifts
.
•
He
started
as
a
junior
engineer
but
became
team
leader
within
two
years
.
He
started
as
a
junior
engineer
but
became
team
leader
within
two
years
.
From
Latin
‘
iunior
’
meaning
‘
younger
’
adjective
relating
to
the
third
year
of
a
four-year
high
school
or
college
program
in
the
United
States
•
Carlos
is
a
junior
at
Lincoln
High
School
this
year
.
Carlos
is
a
junior
at
Lincoln
High
School
this
year
.
•
During
her
junior
year
in
college
,
Emma
studied
abroad
in
Japan
.
During
her
junior
year
in
college
,
Emma
studied
abroad
in
Japan
.
Adopted
in
U
.
S
.
educational
terminology
in
the
mid-19th
century
to
mark
class
standing
noun
a
student
in
the
third
year
of
a
four-year
high
school
or
college
in
the
United
States
•
Each
junior
meets
with
a
counselor
to
discuss
college
plans
.
Each
junior
meets
with
a
counselor
to
discuss
college
plans
.
•
The
university
offers
special
internships
for
juniors
during
the
summer
.
The
university
offers
special
internships
for
juniors
during
the
summer
.
Use
in
U
.
S
.
schooling
levels
developed
after
the
freshman-sophomore
model
in
the
19th
century
adjective
added
after
a
man
’
s
name
to
show
he
is
the
younger
of
two
family
members
,
usually
father
and
son
,
who
share
the
same
name
•
Martin
Luther
King
Junior
delivered
a
powerful
speech
on
the
steps
of
the
Lincoln
Memorial
.
Martin
Luther
King
Junior
delivered
a
powerful
speech
on
the
steps
of
the
Lincoln
Memorial
.
•
The
invitation
was
addressed
to
Robert
Wilson
Junior
.
The
invitation
was
addressed
to
Robert
Wilson
Junior
.
Extension
of
the
Latin
comparative
‘
iunior
’
in
English
naming
tradition
since
the
13th
century
noun
a
person
who
has
a
lower
rank
or
less
experience
than
others
doing
the
same
job
or
activity
•
The
junior
quickly
learned
from
the
senior
lawyers
on
the
case
.
The
junior
quickly
learned
from
the
senior
lawyers
on
the
case
.
•
In
our
orchestra
,
each
junior
is
paired
with
a
mentor
.
In
our
orchestra
,
each
junior
is
paired
with
a
mentor
.
Sense
of
‘
lower-ranked
person
’
recorded
in
English
since
the
late
16th
century
universal
adjective
true
or
suitable
for
all
people
,
places
,
or
situations
,
without
exception
•
Access
to
clean
water
is
a
universal
human
right
.
Access
to
clean
water
is
a
universal
human
right
.
•
Smiling
is
a
universal
sign
of
friendliness
.
Smiling
is
a
universal
sign
of
friendliness
.
from
Latin
universalis
“
whole
,
entire
,
relating
to
all
,”
from
universus
“
combined
into
one
,
whole
,”
from
unus
“
one
”
+
versus
“
turned
.”
noun
a
general
idea
or
quality
that
is
shared
by
all
particular
things
of
the
same
kind
,
especially
in
philosophy
or
logic
•
Philosophers
debate
whether
"
redness
"
is
a
real
universal
or
merely
a
construct
of
the
mind
.
Philosophers
debate
whether
"
redness
"
is
a
real
universal
or
merely
a
construct
of
the
mind
.
•
The
problem
of
universals
puzzled
many
medieval
scholars
.
The
problem
of
universals
puzzled
many
medieval
scholars
.
Adopted
in
philosophical
writing
of
the
late
Middle
Ages
,
drawing
directly
on
Latin
universale
meaning
“
that
which
relates
to
all
.”
string
verb
-
string
,
stringing
,
strings
,
strung
to
put
things
on
a
cord
or
wire
,
or
to
hang
something
using
a
cord
•
They
strung
colorful
lights
across
the
patio
for
the
party
.
They
strung
colorful
lights
across
the
patio
for
the
party
.
•
She
strings
beads
to
make
handmade
bracelets
.
She
strings
beads
to
make
handmade
bracelets
.
Old
English
“
strengian
”
meaning
“
to
tighten
,”
later
“
to
fit
with
string
,”
evolving
to
current
sense
by
the
17th
century
.
unlikely
adjective
-
unlikely
,
unlikelier
,
unlikeliest
not
expected
to
happen
,
be
true
,
or
be
possible
•
It
’
s
unlikely
that
it
will
snow
in
July
here
.
It
’
s
unlikely
that
it
will
snow
in
July
here
.
•
Because
he
didn
’
t
study
,
it
’
s
unlikely
he
will
pass
the
exam
.
Because
he
didn
’
t
study
,
it
’
s
unlikely
he
will
pass
the
exam
.
From
the
prefix
un-
“
not
”
+
likely
“
probable
”;
recorded
since
the
late
14th
century
.
adjective
-
unlikely
,
unlikelier
,
unlikeliest
describing
someone
or
something
that
does
not
have
the
usual
qualities
you
would
expect
for
a
particular
role
or
situation
•
The
shy
boy
became
an
unlikely
hero
when
he
rescued
the
dog
from
the
river
.
The
shy
boy
became
an
unlikely
hero
when
he
rescued
the
dog
from
the
river
.
•
She
found
friendship
in
the
most
unlikely
place
—
a
crowded
subway
.
She
found
friendship
in
the
most
unlikely
place
—
a
crowded
subway
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
un-
“
not
”
+
likely
.
The
extended
use
to
describe
surprising
suitability
developed
in
the
18th
century
.
unlike
preposition
different
from
someone
or
something
else
•
Unlike
his
brother
,
Mark
loves
spicy
food
.
Unlike
his
brother
,
Mark
loves
spicy
food
.
•
Unlike
most
cities
,
this
town
has
almost
no
traffic
.
Unlike
most
cities
,
this
town
has
almost
no
traffic
.
adjective
not
similar
or
typical
;
different
•
The
two
paintings
are
completely
unlike
.
The
two
paintings
are
completely
unlike
.
•
It's
unlike
him
to
arrive
late
.
It's
unlike
him
to
arrive
late
.
verb
-
unlike
,
unliking
,
unlikes
,
unliked
to
remove
a
“
like
”
that
you
previously
gave
on
social
media
•
I
accidentally
liked
the
photo
,
so
I
quickly
unliked
it
.
I
accidentally
liked
the
photo
,
so
I
quickly
unliked
it
.
•
She
unlikes
posts
that
contain
false
information
.
She
unlikes
posts
that
contain
false
information
.
hungry
adjective
-
hungry
,
hungrier
,
hungriest
feeling
that
you
want
or
need
to
eat
•
After
the
long
hike
,
everyone
felt
hungry
and
looked
forward
to
dinner
.
After
the
long
hike
,
everyone
felt
hungry
and
looked
forward
to
dinner
.
•
The
baby
starts
crying
when
she
is
hungry
.
The
baby
starts
crying
when
she
is
hungry
.
Old
English
“
hungriġ
”
from
Proto-Germanic
*hungrigaz
,
related
to
“
hunger
”.
adjective
-
hungry
,
hungrier
,
hungriest
strongly
wanting
something
other
than
food
,
such
as
success
or
attention
•
She
is
hungry
for
success
in
her
new
career
.
She
is
hungry
for
success
in
her
new
career
.
•
The
young
scientist
was
hungry
to
discover
something
groundbreaking
.
The
young
scientist
was
hungry
to
discover
something
groundbreaking
.
adjective
-
hungry
,
hungrier
,
hungriest
(
of
land
or
soil
)
lacking
nutrients
and
needing
fertilizer
•
The
farmers
added
compost
to
the
hungry
soil
to
improve
its
fertility
.
The
farmers
added
compost
to
the
hungry
soil
to
improve
its
fertility
.
•
In
this
region
,
the
land
is
hungry
and
crops
need
extra
nutrients
.
In
this
region
,
the
land
is
hungry
and
crops
need
extra
nutrients
.
founder
noun
a
person
who
starts
an
organization
,
company
,
city
,
or
other
institution
•
Sara
is
the
founder
of
a
successful
tech
startup
.
Sara
is
the
founder
of
a
successful
tech
startup
.
•
The
school's
founder
donated
the
land
for
the
campus
.
The
school's
founder
donated
the
land
for
the
campus
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
fondeur
,
from
fonder
‘
to
lay
the
bottom
,
establish
’,
from
Latin
fundare
‘
to
found
’.
noun
a
skilled
worker
who
melts
and
pours
metal
into
molds
to
create
castings
•
The
founder
poured
molten
bronze
into
the
bell
mold
.
The
founder
poured
molten
bronze
into
the
bell
mold
.
•
During
the
workshop
tour
,
students
watched
a
founder
shape
a
new
sculpture
.
During
the
workshop
tour
,
students
watched
a
founder
shape
a
new
sculpture
.
Derived
from
the
sense
‘
one
who
founds
(
melts
)
metal
’,
first
recorded
in
late
Middle
English
.
verb
(
of
a
ship
or
boat
)
to
fill
with
water
and
sink
•
The
old
fishing
boat
began
to
founder
in
the
rough
sea
.
The
old
fishing
boat
began
to
founder
in
the
rough
sea
.
•
Without
warning
,
the
yacht
foundered
a
mile
from
shore
.
Without
warning
,
the
yacht
foundered
a
mile
from
shore
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
French
fondrer
‘
submerge
,
sink
’,
from
fond
‘
bottom
’.
verb
to
fail
completely
or
break
down
after
a
promising
start
•
Their
grand
project
foundered
when
funding
dried
up
.
Their
grand
project
foundered
when
funding
dried
up
.
•
Peace
talks
will
founder
unless
both
sides
compromise
.
Peace
talks
will
founder
unless
both
sides
compromise
.
Figurative
extension
of
the
nautical
sense
‘
sink
’
to
the
idea
of
plans
or
efforts
collapsing
.
noun
-
founder
a
painful
hoof
disease
in
horses
and
other
hoofed
animals
,
also
called
laminitis
•
The
vet
diagnosed
the
pony
with
founder
after
examining
its
hooves
.
The
vet
diagnosed
the
pony
with
founder
after
examining
its
hooves
.
•
Prompt
treatment
can
prevent
founder
from
becoming
severe
.
Prompt
treatment
can
prevent
founder
from
becoming
severe
.
Probably
so
called
because
an
affected
horse
is
at
risk
of
‘
foundering
’,
i
.
e
.,
collapsing
.
unknown
adjective
-
unknown
,
unknowning
,
unknowns
,
unknowned
not
known
,
familiar
,
or
identified
•
At
the
museum
,
the
scientists
examined
an
unknown
species
of
beetle
preserved
in
amber
.
At
the
museum
,
the
scientists
examined
an
unknown
species
of
beetle
preserved
in
amber
.
•
The
travelers
walked
down
an
unknown
path
that
led
deep
into
the
forest
.
The
travelers
walked
down
an
unknown
path
that
led
deep
into
the
forest
.
noun
-
unknown
,
unknowning
,
unknowns
,
unknowned
a
person
,
thing
,
place
,
or
fact
that
is
not
known
or
understood
•
For
the
detective
,
the
thief
was
still
an
unknown
who
left
no
clues
behind
.
For
the
detective
,
the
thief
was
still
an
unknown
who
left
no
clues
behind
.
•
In
the
algebra
problem
,
x
is
the
unknown
you
must
solve
for
.
In
the
algebra
problem
,
x
is
the
unknown
you
must
solve
for
.
swing
verb
-
swing
,
swinging
,
swings
,
swung
to
move
smoothly
back
and
forth
or
from
side
to
side
,
often
while
hanging
or
turning
from
a
fixed
point
•
The
lantern
swung
gently
above
the
porch
in
the
evening
breeze
.
The
lantern
swung
gently
above
the
porch
in
the
evening
breeze
.
•
She
cradled
the
baby
and
swung
him
softly
until
he
slept
.
She
cradled
the
baby
and
swung
him
softly
until
he
slept
.
verb
-
swing
,
swinging
,
swings
,
swung
to
move
something
in
a
wide
arc
in
order
to
hit
or
try
to
hit
another
object
•
He
swung
the
baseball
bat
and
sent
the
ball
flying
over
the
fence
.
He
swung
the
baseball
bat
and
sent
the
ball
flying
over
the
fence
.
•
The
knight
swung
his
sword
to
block
the
blow
.
The
knight
swung
his
sword
to
block
the
blow
.
verb
-
swing
,
swinging
,
swings
,
swung
to
suddenly
change
or
cause
to
change
direction
,
position
,
opinion
,
or
mood
•
Voters
may
swing
toward
the
new
candidate
after
the
debate
.
Voters
may
swing
toward
the
new
candidate
after
the
debate
.
•
Her
mood
can
swing
from
cheerful
to
gloomy
in
minutes
.
Her
mood
can
swing
from
cheerful
to
gloomy
in
minutes
.
verb
-
swing
,
swinging
,
swings
,
swung
informal
to
manage
to
obtain
,
do
,
or
afford
something
,
often
with
effort
or
ingenuity
•
Can
you
swing
two
extra
tickets
for
the
concert
?
Can
you
swing
two
extra
tickets
for
the
concert
?
•
We
can't
swing
that
kind
of
rent
right
now
.
We
can't
swing
that
kind
of
rent
right
now
.
spin
verb
-
spin
,
spinning
,
spins
,
spun
to
turn
around
quickly
on
a
central
point
,
or
to
make
something
do
this
•
The
colorful
toy
top
can
spin
for
almost
a
minute
on
the
table
.
The
colorful
toy
top
can
spin
for
almost
a
minute
on
the
table
.
•
Sand
flew
everywhere
as
the
car
wheels
spun
on
the
loose
road
.
Sand
flew
everywhere
as
the
car
wheels
spun
on
the
loose
road
.
Old
English
spinnan
“
to
twist
fibers
into
thread
,
form
by
spinning
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*spenwanan
.
verb
-
spin
,
spinning
,
spins
,
spun
to
make
thread
or
yarn
by
twisting
fibers
together
using
your
fingers
or
a
machine
•
The
grandmother
spun
soft
wool
into
a
long
strand
beside
the
fireplace
.
The
grandmother
spun
soft
wool
into
a
long
strand
beside
the
fireplace
.
•
In
the
workshop
,
a
man
spins
cotton
into
thread
on
an
old
spinning
wheel
.
In
the
workshop
,
a
man
spins
cotton
into
thread
on
an
old
spinning
wheel
.
verb
-
spin
,
spinning
,
spins
,
spun
to
present
information
in
a
way
that
makes
it
seem
more
favorable
or
less
negative
than
it
really
is
•
The
press
officer
tried
to
spin
the
bad
news
into
a
positive
story
.
The
press
officer
tried
to
spin
the
bad
news
into
a
positive
story
.
•
After
the
game
,
the
coach
spun
the
loss
as
a
chance
to
learn
.
After
the
game
,
the
coach
spun
the
loss
as
a
chance
to
learn
.
found
verb
-
find
,
finding
,
finds
,
found
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
find
•
We
finally
found
our
lost
dog
hiding
under
the
porch
.
We
finally
found
our
lost
dog
hiding
under
the
porch
.
•
I
found
a
ten-dollar
bill
in
my
old
coat
pocket
.
I
found
a
ten-dollar
bill
in
my
old
coat
pocket
.
Irregular
past
forms
of
Old
English
findan
"
to
come
upon
,
discover
."
verb
to
start
or
establish
something
,
such
as
a
city
,
company
,
or
organization
,
so
that
it
can
continue
for
a
long
time
•
In
1976
,
two
friends
found
a
small
tech
company
in
their
parents'
garage
.
In
1976
,
two
friends
found
a
small
tech
company
in
their
parents'
garage
.
•
The
emperor
decided
to
found
a
grand
city
beside
the
wide
river
.
The
emperor
decided
to
found
a
grand
city
beside
the
wide
river
.
From
Middle
English
founden
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
fonder
,
from
Latin
fundāre
“
to
lay
the
bottom
,
establish
,”
related
to
fundus
“
bottom
,
foundation
.”
unemployment
noun
-
unemployment
the
situation
in
which
people
who
are
able
and
willing
to
work
cannot
find
a
paid
job
•
After
losing
his
factory
job
,
Carlos
spent
six
months
looking
for
work
and
struggling
with
unemployment
.
After
losing
his
factory
job
,
Carlos
spent
six
months
looking
for
work
and
struggling
with
unemployment
.
•
High
unemployment
can
lead
to
increased
poverty
in
a
country
.
High
unemployment
can
lead
to
increased
poverty
in
a
country
.
early
19th
century
:
from
un-
‘
not
’
+
employment
encounter
verb
to
meet
someone
or
something
unexpectedly
,
often
by
chance
•
While
hiking
in
the
mountains
,
we
suddenly
encountered
a
family
of
deer
.
While
hiking
in
the
mountains
,
we
suddenly
encountered
a
family
of
deer
.
•
Travelers
often
encounter
street
performers
in
the
city
square
.
Travelers
often
encounter
street
performers
in
the
city
square
.
From
Middle
English
‘
encountre
’,
from
Old
French
‘
encontre
’,
noun
use
of
‘
encontrer
’ (“
to
meet
,
confront
”),
based
on
Latin
‘
in-
’ (“
in
”)
+
‘
contra
’ (“
against
”).
noun
an
unexpected
meeting
or
experience
,
often
surprising
or
unusual
•
Her
first
encounter
with
sushi
was
in
Tokyo
.
Her
first
encounter
with
sushi
was
in
Tokyo
.
•
The
book
tells
the
story
of
an
astronaut
’
s
encounter
with
an
alien
life-form
.
The
book
tells
the
story
of
an
astronaut
’
s
encounter
with
an
alien
life-form
.
verb
to
experience
or
face
something
difficult
,
dangerous
,
or
unexpected
•
Engineers
encountered
serious
technical
problems
during
the
test
.
Engineers
encountered
serious
technical
problems
during
the
test
.
•
You
may
encounter
delays
on
the
road
because
of
the
snowstorm
.
You
may
encounter
delays
on
the
road
because
of
the
snowstorm
.
fortune
noun
a
very
large
amount
of
money
or
valuable
possessions
.
•
Her
company
is
worth
a
fortune
now
.
Her
company
is
worth
a
fortune
now
.
•
They
spent
a
small fortune
on
the
wedding
decorations
.
They
spent
a
small fortune
on
the
wedding
decorations
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
the
connection
between
luck
and
prosperity
led
to
the
monetary
meaning
.
noun
chance
or
luck
,
especially
when
it
affects
what
happens
in
life
and
is
beyond
anyone
’
s
control
.
•
By
sheer
fortune
,
the
lost
dog
found
its
way
home
.
By
sheer
fortune
,
the
lost
dog
found
its
way
home
.
•
It
was
pure
fortune
that
the
rain
stopped
right
before
the
outdoor
wedding
.
It
was
pure
fortune
that
the
rain
stopped
right
before
the
outdoor
wedding
.
From
Middle
English
,
via
Old
French
“
fortune
”,
from
Latin
“
fortūna
”
meaning
luck
or
fate
.
noun
the
changing
success
,
condition
,
or
prospects
of
a
person
,
group
,
or
place
,
often
spoken
of
in
the
plural
.
•
The
team's
fortunes
improved
after
they
hired
a
new
coach
.
The
team's
fortunes
improved
after
they
hired
a
new
coach
.
•
The
economic
fortunes
of
the
country
have
shifted
dramatically
in
the
last
decade
.
The
economic
fortunes
of
the
country
have
shifted
dramatically
in
the
last
decade
.
Extension
of
the
luck
sense
to
describe
overall
success
or
failure
across
time
.
boundary
noun
-
boundary
,
boundaries
a
line
or
edge
that
marks
where
one
area
ends
and
another
begins
•
A
white
picket
fence
marks
the
boundary
between
their
yard
and
their
neighbor's
garden
.
A
white
picket
fence
marks
the
boundary
between
their
yard
and
their
neighbor's
garden
.
•
The
hikers
stopped
at
the
river
because
it
was
the
national
park's
northern
boundary
.
The
hikers
stopped
at
the
river
because
it
was
the
national
park's
northern
boundary
.
noun
-
boundary
,
boundaries
a
limit
of
what
is
acceptable
or
of
what
someone
is
willing
or
allowed
to
do
•
It's
important
to
set
a
clear
boundary
between
work
and
family
time
.
It's
important
to
set
a
clear
boundary
between
work
and
family
time
.
•
The
comedian
pushed
the
boundary
of
good
taste
with
his
jokes
.
The
comedian
pushed
the
boundary
of
good
taste
with
his
jokes
.
noun
-
boundary
,
boundaries
in
cricket
,
the
edge
of
the
playing
field
,
or
a
shot
that
sends
the
ball
to
or
over
that
edge
and
scores
four
or
six
runs
•
The
crowd
cheered
when
the
ball
raced
to
the
boundary
for
four
runs
.
The
crowd
cheered
when
the
ball
raced
to
the
boundary
for
four
runs
.
•
She
flicked
the
delivery
over
mid-wicket
and
it
crossed
the
boundary
rope
.
She
flicked
the
delivery
over
mid-wicket
and
it
crossed
the
boundary
rope
.
noun
-
boundary
,
boundaries
in
mathematics
,
the
set
of
points
that
separates
the
inside
of
a
shape
or
region
from
the
space
outside
it
•
In
calculus
we
prove
that
the
circle
is
the
boundary
of
a
disk
.
In
calculus
we
prove
that
the
circle
is
the
boundary
of
a
disk
.
•
The
professor
drew
the
region
and
shaded
its
boundary
in
bold
.
The
professor
drew
the
region
and
shaded
its
boundary
in
bold
.
funeral
noun
a
ceremony
in
which
a
dead
person
is
buried
or
cremated
,
usually
attended
by
family
and
friends
•
Hundreds
of
people
came
to
his
funeral
to
pay
their
respects
.
Hundreds
of
people
came
to
his
funeral
to
pay
their
respects
.
•
The
funeral
will
be
held
on
Friday
at
the
town
chapel
.
The
funeral
will
be
held
on
Friday
at
the
town
chapel
.
From
Latin
funus
,
funeralis
meaning
‘
burial
,
funeral
rites
’.
adjective
relating
to
or
used
at
a
funeral
ceremony
•
They
contacted
a
funeral
director
to
arrange
everything
.
They
contacted
a
funeral
director
to
arrange
everything
.
•
A
line
of
black
funeral
cars
waited
outside
the
chapel
.
A
line
of
black
funeral
cars
waited
outside
the
chapel
.
Adjectival
use
derived
from
the
noun
‘
funeral
’.
sink
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
go
down
below
the
surface
of
water
or
another
liquid
and
usually
stay
there
•
The
small
fishing
boat
began
to
sink
after
hitting
a
hidden
rock
.
The
small
fishing
boat
began
to
sink
after
hitting
a
hidden
rock
.
•
If
you
drop
that
metal
key
,
it
will
sink
to
the
bottom
of
the
clear
blue
pond
.
If
you
drop
that
metal
key
,
it
will
sink
to
the
bottom
of
the
clear
blue
pond
.
Old
English
‘
sincan
’,
meaning
‘
to
become
submerged
’.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
move
slowly
downwards
or
to
a
lower
position
,
often
because
of
weight
,
tiredness
,
or
weakness
•
After
running
the
marathon
,
he
felt
his
knees
sink
toward
the
ground
from
exhaustion
.
After
running
the
marathon
,
he
felt
his
knees
sink
toward
the
ground
from
exhaustion
.
•
The
heavy
sofa
caused
the
wooden
floorboards
to
sink
slightly
in
the
middle
.
The
heavy
sofa
caused
the
wooden
floorboards
to
sink
slightly
in
the
middle
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
become
lower
in
value
,
amount
,
or
level
•
Share
prices
continued
to
sink
after
the
disappointing
earnings
report
.
Share
prices
continued
to
sink
after
the
disappointing
earnings
report
.
•
Her
spirits
sank
when
she
heard
that
the
concert
had
been
canceled
.
Her
spirits
sank
when
she
heard
that
the
concert
had
been
canceled
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
successfully
hit
,
throw
,
or
knock
something
into
a
hole
,
basket
,
or
target
•
He
sank
the
winning
putt
on
the
final
green
.
He
sank
the
winning
putt
on
the
final
green
.
•
The
rookie
managed
to
sink
a
three-pointer
just
before
the
buzzer
.
The
rookie
managed
to
sink
a
three-pointer
just
before
the
buzzer
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
destroy
or
disable
a
ship
or
boat
so
that
it
goes
under
water
•
The
submarine
sank
an
enemy
destroyer
during
the
night
.
The
submarine
sank
an
enemy
destroyer
during
the
night
.
•
Pirates
threatened
to
sink
any
ship
that
refused
to
surrender
.
Pirates
threatened
to
sink
any
ship
that
refused
to
surrender
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
dig
or
excavate
something
deep
such
as
a
well
,
shaft
,
or
foundation
•
Engineers
will
sink
a
new
well
to
supply
water
to
the
village
.
Engineers
will
sink
a
new
well
to
supply
water
to
the
village
.
•
The
company
sank
two
shafts
before
reaching
the
coal
seam
.
The
company
sank
two
shafts
before
reaching
the
coal
seam
.
verb
-
sink
,
sinking
,
sinks
,
sank
,
sunk
to
put
a
lot
of
money
,
time
,
or
effort
into
something
,
especially
a
project
or
business
•
They
sank
most
of
their
savings
into
renovating
the
old
farmhouse
.
They
sank
most
of
their
savings
into
renovating
the
old
farmhouse
.
•
Investors
are
ready
to
sink
millions
into
the
new
tech
startup
.
Investors
are
ready
to
sink
millions
into
the
new
tech
startup
.
drunk
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
drink
”
•
He
had
drunk
all
the
milk
before
breakfast
.
He
had
drunk
all
the
milk
before
breakfast
.
•
By
the
end
of
the
hike
,
they
had
drunk
every
drop
of
water
they
brought
.
By
the
end
of
the
hike
,
they
had
drunk
every
drop
of
water
they
brought
.
adjective
-
drunk
,
drunker
,
drunkest
having
consumed
so
much
alcohol
that
you
cannot
think
,
speak
,
or
act
in
a
normal
or
safe
way
•
After
three
beers
,
Jason
felt
drunk
and
started
singing
loudly
.
After
three
beers
,
Jason
felt
drunk
and
started
singing
loudly
.
•
It
’
s
illegal
to
drive
while
drunk
because
it
endangers
everyone
.
It
’
s
illegal
to
drive
while
drunk
because
it
endangers
everyone
.
From
past
participle
of
the
Old
English
verb
“
drincan
”
meaning
“
to
drink
”,
later
becoming
an
adjective
meaning
“
intoxicated
”.
adjective
-
drunk
,
drunker
,
drunkest
filled
or
overwhelmed
with
a
strong
feeling
so
that
it
controls
your
thoughts
or
actions
,
often
expressed
in
the
pattern
“
drunk
with
/
on
”
•
She
was
drunk
with
happiness
after
hearing
the
news
.
She
was
drunk
with
happiness
after
hearing
the
news
.
•
The
crowd
was
drunk
on
excitement
as
the
band
walked
on
stage
.
The
crowd
was
drunk
on
excitement
as
the
band
walked
on
stage
.
noun
a
person
who
often
drinks
too
much
alcohol
and
is
usually
intoxicated
•
The
drunk
staggered
out
of
the
bar
,
looking
for
a
taxi
.
The
drunk
staggered
out
of
the
bar
,
looking
for
a
taxi
.
•
Everyone
knew
old
Mr
.
Parker
was
a
drunk
who
spent
his
evenings
at
the
pub
.
Everyone
knew
old
Mr
.
Parker
was
a
drunk
who
spent
his
evenings
at
the
pub
.
counter
noun
a
long
flat
surface
in
a
kitchen
,
shop
,
café
,
or
bar
where
food
is
prepared
,
goods
are
shown
,
or
money
is
paid
•
She
placed
the
groceries
on
the
kitchen
counter
before
unpacking
them
.
She
placed
the
groceries
on
the
kitchen
counter
before
unpacking
them
.
•
The
barista
wiped
the
coffee
counter
spotless
after
closing
.
The
barista
wiped
the
coffee
counter
spotless
after
closing
.
From
Middle
English
countour
,
from
Anglo-French
counter
and
Old
French
contouer
,
originally
meaning
'table
where
accounts
are
kept'
.
noun
a
small
device
or
a
person
whose
job
is
to
count
the
number
of
things
,
people
,
or
events
•
The
turnstile
has
a
digital
counter
that
shows
how
many
people
have
entered
.
The
turnstile
has
a
digital
counter
that
shows
how
many
people
have
entered
.
•
She
clicked
the
handheld
counter
each
time
a
bird
flew
past
.
She
clicked
the
handheld
counter
each
time
a
bird
flew
past
.
Derived
from
the
verb
'count'
+-er
suffix
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
for
mechanical
tallying
devices
.
verb
-
counter
,
countering
,
counters
,
countered
to
reply
to
something
by
saying
or
doing
something
that
opposes
it
•
She
countered
his
claim
with
solid
evidence
.
She
countered
his
claim
with
solid
evidence
.
•
The
company
quickly
countered
the
rumors
with
an
official
statement
.
The
company
quickly
countered
the
rumors
with
an
official
statement
.
From
Old
French
contre
‘
against
’,
from
Latin
contra
‘
opposite
,
against
’;
verb
use
recorded
since
the
15th
century
.
adverb
in
the
opposite
direction
or
in
opposition
to
something
•
The
dancers
moved
counter
around
the
circle
,
opposite
to
the
usual
way
.
The
dancers
moved
counter
around
the
circle
,
opposite
to
the
usual
way
.
•
His
plan
runs
counter
to
everything
we
agreed
on
.
His
plan
runs
counter
to
everything
we
agreed
on
.
Adverb
use
from
the
preposition
‘
counter
’
meaning
‘
against
’,
first
appearing
in
16th-century
English
.
running
verb
-
run
,
running
,
runs
,
ran
present
participle
of
run
.
•
The
children
are
running
across
the
playground
.
The
children
are
running
across
the
playground
.
•
Water
kept
running
from
the
tap
.
Water
kept
running
from
the
tap
.
Formed
by
adding
the
–ing
suffix
to
the
Old
English
verb
run
(
rinnan
,
irnan
),
used
since
early
Middle
English
.
noun
-
running
the
activity
or
sport
of
moving
quickly
on
foot
,
usually
for
exercise
or
competition
.
•
Lisa
goes
running
every
morning
before
work
.
Lisa
goes
running
every
morning
before
work
.
•
The
school
started
an
after-class
running
club
for
students
.
The
school
started
an
after-class
running
club
for
students
.
From
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
run
,
used
as
a
noun
since
Middle
English
to
describe
the
act
or
sport
of
running
.
adjective
working
or
in
operation
,
especially
of
machines
or
systems
.
•
Make
sure
the
engine
is
running
before
you
drive
.
Make
sure
the
engine
is
running
before
you
drive
.
•
Is
your
laptop
running
right
now
or
is
it
shut
down
?
Is
your
laptop
running
right
now
or
is
it
shut
down
?
From
participial
adjective
sense
of
run
,
recorded
since
the
late
16th
century
to
describe
things
kept
in
motion
.
noun
-
running
the
act
of
managing
or
operating
something
such
as
a
business
,
organization
,
or
household
.
•
He
is
responsible
for
the
day-to-day
running
of
the
café
.
He
is
responsible
for
the
day-to-day
running
of
the
café
.
•
Efficient
running
of
the
hospital
requires
clear
communication
.
Efficient
running
of
the
hospital
requires
clear
communication
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
something
‘
in
motion
’
to
the
figurative
sense
of
maintaining
continuous
activity
or
control
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
adjective
happening
one
after
another
without
a
break
;
consecutive
.
•
The
team
has
won
five
running
games
this
season
.
The
team
has
won
five
running
games
this
season
.
•
She
worked
for
three
days
running
to
finish
the
report
.
She
worked
for
three
days
running
to
finish
the
report
.
Originally
nautical
in
the
18th
century
describing
continuous
sailing
,
later
generalized
to
any
consecutive
sequence
.
punishment
noun
the
act
of
causing
someone
to
suffer
a
penalty
for
doing
something
wrong
,
or
the
penalty
itself
•
The
judge
gave
the
thief
a
harsh
punishment
.
The
judge
gave
the
thief
a
harsh
punishment
.
•
Some
parents
believe
gentle
methods
work
better
than
corporal
punishment
.
Some
parents
believe
gentle
methods
work
better
than
corporal
punishment
.
from
Middle
English
punishement
,
from
Old
French
punissement
,
based
on
Latin
punīre
“
to
punish
”
noun
rough
treatment
,
damage
,
or
strain
that
something
or
someone
endures
•
After
driving
across
the
desert
,
the
tires
had
taken
a
lot
of
punishment
.
After
driving
across
the
desert
,
the
tires
had
taken
a
lot
of
punishment
.
•
The
old
laptop
still
works
despite
years
of
punishment
.
The
old
laptop
still
works
despite
years
of
punishment
.
figurative
extension
of
the
primary
sense
of
suffering
a
penalty
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
19th
century
in
sports
writing
hunting
verb
doing
the
action
of
hunt
right
now
;
the
present
participle
form
of
hunt
•
The
fox
is
hunting
quietly
in
the
snowy
field
.
The
fox
is
hunting
quietly
in
the
snowy
field
.
•
High
above
the
cliffs
,
a
golden
eagle
was
hunting
for
rabbits
.
High
above
the
cliffs
,
a
golden
eagle
was
hunting
for
rabbits
.
Present
participle
of
“
hunt
”,
from
Old
English
“
hontian
”
meaning
“
to
chase
game
”.
noun
-
hunting
the
activity
of
chasing
,
catching
,
or
killing
wild
animals
or
birds
,
usually
for
food
,
sport
,
or
population
control
•
In
the
crisp
autumn
air
,
several
friends
went
hunting
for
deer
in
the
forest
at
dawn
.
In
the
crisp
autumn
air
,
several
friends
went
hunting
for
deer
in
the
forest
at
dawn
.
•
The
coastal
tribe
depended
on
hunting
and
fishing
to
feed
their
families
through
the
long
winter
.
The
coastal
tribe
depended
on
hunting
and
fishing
to
feed
their
families
through
the
long
winter
.
Derived
from
Old
English
“
hunting
”,
the
gerund
of
“
hunt
”,
originally
meaning
“
the
act
of
the
hunter
”.
noun
-
hunting
the
act
of
looking
carefully
for
something
you
want
or
need
•
Julia
spent
Saturday
afternoon
hunting
for
the
perfect
wedding
dress
.
Julia
spent
Saturday
afternoon
hunting
for
the
perfect
wedding
dress
.
•
After
graduation
,
Miguel
has
been
hunting
for
a
marketing
job
in
the
city
.
After
graduation
,
Miguel
has
been
hunting
for
a
marketing
job
in
the
city
.
Extended
metaphorical
sense
recorded
since
the
early
19th
century
,
transferring
the
idea
of
pursuing
animals
to
pursuing
objects
or
opportunities
.
lung
noun
one
of
the
two
soft
,
elastic
organs
inside
the
chest
that
take
in
air
so
that
oxygen
can
enter
the
blood
and
carbon
dioxide
can
leave
the
body
•
During
exercise
,
your
lungs
work
harder
to
supply
oxygen
to
your
muscles
.
During
exercise
,
your
lungs
work
harder
to
supply
oxygen
to
your
muscles
.
•
The
doctor
listened
to
her
lung
sounds
with
a
stethoscope
.
The
doctor
listened
to
her
lung
sounds
with
a
stethoscope
.
Old
English
lungen
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*lungan
,
probably
related
to
a
root
meaning
“
light
in
weight
,”
because
lungs
are
full
of
air
.
noun
a
large
area
of
trees
,
plants
,
or
water
that
is
compared
to
a
lung
because
it
provides
fresh
air
or
absorbs
pollution
for
a
city
,
region
,
or
the
planet
•
The
vast
forest
is
considered
the
lung
of
the
region
,
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
and
producing
oxygen
.
The
vast
forest
is
considered
the
lung
of
the
region
,
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
and
producing
oxygen
.
•
City
planners
call
the
central
park
the
city's
green
lung
.
City
planners
call
the
central
park
the
city's
green
lung
.
noun
a
machine
or
device
that
moves
air
in
and
out
of
a
patient
’
s
body
or
oxygenates
blood
when
the
natural
lungs
cannot
,
such
as
an
iron
lung
or
an
artificial
lung
in
surgery
•
The
patient
was
kept
alive
by
an
artificial
lung
during
surgery
.
The
patient
was
kept
alive
by
an
artificial
lung
during
surgery
.
•
In
the
1950s
,
many
polio
victims
relied
on
an
iron
lung
to
breathe
.
In
the
1950s
,
many
polio
victims
relied
on
an
iron
lung
to
breathe
.
uniform
noun
a
special
set
of
clothes
of
the
same
style
and
colour
that
members
of
a
group
wear
to
show
they
belong
together
•
All
the
students
lined
up
in
the
playground
wearing
their
neat
blue
uniform
.
All
the
students
lined
up
in
the
playground
wearing
their
neat
blue
uniform
.
•
The
firefighter
’
s
protective
uniform
hung
on
a
hook
beside
the
red
engine
,
ready
for
the
next
call
.
The
firefighter
’
s
protective
uniform
hung
on
a
hook
beside
the
red
engine
,
ready
for
the
next
call
.
Borrowed
from
French
uniforme
,
from
Latin
ūniformis
,
meaning
“
having
one
form
”.
adjective
always
the
same
in
appearance
,
size
,
or
way
of
doing
something
•
The
bricks
were
laid
in
a
perfectly
uniform
pattern
across
the
entire
wall
.
The
bricks
were
laid
in
a
perfectly
uniform
pattern
across
the
entire
wall
.
•
She
prefers
clothing
with
a
uniform
colour
scheme
instead
of
bright
contrasts
.
She
prefers
clothing
with
a
uniform
colour
scheme
instead
of
bright
contrasts
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Latin
ūniformis
“
having
one
form
”.
verb
to
make
things
the
same
in
form
,
appearance
,
or
character
•
The
new
policy
aims
to
uniform
safety
standards
across
all
factories
.
The
new
policy
aims
to
uniform
safety
standards
across
all
factories
.
•
Engineers
worked
to
uniform
the
size
of
the
components
before
assembly
.
Engineers
worked
to
uniform
the
size
of
the
components
before
assembly
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
meaning
“
to
make
uniform
”.
First
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
counselor
noun
a
person
trained
to
give
advice
and
emotional
support
to
people
who
have
personal
,
social
,
or
psychological
problems
•
After
the
accident
,
Maria
spoke
with
a
counselor
to
help
her
cope
with
her
anxiety
.
After
the
accident
,
Maria
spoke
with
a
counselor
to
help
her
cope
with
her
anxiety
.
•
The
school
hired
an
additional
counselor
so
students
could
get
advice
about
college
applications
.
The
school
hired
an
additional
counselor
so
students
could
get
advice
about
college
applications
.
From
Middle
English
counseilour
,
borrowed
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Old
French
conseiller
“
to
advise
.”
noun
a
lawyer
who
gives
legal
advice
and
speaks
for
clients
in
court
•
The
judge
asked
the
defense
counselor
to
present
her
closing
argument
.
The
judge
asked
the
defense
counselor
to
present
her
closing
argument
.
•
Before
signing
the
contract
,
Lucas
consulted
a
counselor
to
understand
the
fine
print
.
Before
signing
the
contract
,
Lucas
consulted
a
counselor
to
understand
the
fine
print
.
Legal
sense
extended
in
American
English
during
the
18th
century
from
the
earlier
general
sense
of
‘
adviser
’.
noun
a
senior
diplomatic
officer
in
an
embassy
,
ranking
just
below
an
ambassador
•
The
economic
counselor
at
the
embassy
arranged
a
meeting
with
local
business
leaders
.
The
economic
counselor
at
the
embassy
arranged
a
meeting
with
local
business
leaders
.
•
She
was
promoted
to
political
counselor
after
ten
years
of
diplomatic
service
.
She
was
promoted
to
political
counselor
after
ten
years
of
diplomatic
service
.
Borrowed
into
diplomatic
language
from
French
conseiller
,
reflecting
19th-century
European
diplomatic
rankings
.
counsellor
noun
a
person
trained
to
give
advice
and
emotional
support
to
people
who
have
personal
,
social
,
or
psychological
problems
•
The
university
provides
free
sessions
with
a
student
counsellor
during
exam
season
.
The
university
provides
free
sessions
with
a
student
counsellor
during
exam
season
.
•
After
his
parents
divorced
,
Jake
met
weekly
with
a
family
counsellor
.
After
his
parents
divorced
,
Jake
met
weekly
with
a
family
counsellor
.
Spelling
with
double
“
l
”
follows
standard
British
pattern
for
verbs
ending
in
–l
+
‑er
/
‑or
suffixes
.
noun
a
lawyer
who
gives
legal
advice
and
speaks
for
clients
in
court
•
The
barrister
acted
as
lead
counsellor
for
the
defence
.
The
barrister
acted
as
lead
counsellor
for
the
defence
.
•
Before
the
trial
,
the
counsellor
advised
his
client
to
gather
more
evidence
.
Before
the
trial
,
the
counsellor
advised
his
client
to
gather
more
evidence
.
Legal
sense
parallels
the
American
use
of
“
counselor
,”
but
British
spelling
keeps
the
doubled
“
l
.”
noun
a
senior
diplomatic
officer
in
an
embassy
,
ranking
just
below
an
ambassador
•
The
commercial
counsellor
at
Britain
’
s
embassy
in
Tokyo
negotiated
trade
agreements
.
The
commercial
counsellor
at
Britain
’
s
embassy
in
Tokyo
negotiated
trade
agreements
.
•
He
served
as
cultural
counsellor
in
Paris
before
being
posted
to
Washington
.
He
served
as
cultural
counsellor
in
Paris
before
being
posted
to
Washington
.
Aligns
with
British
spelling
conventions
and
diplomatic
titles
used
across
the
Commonwealth
.
communist
noun
A
person
who
believes
in
or
actively
supports
the
political
and
economic
system
called
communism
,
in
which
property
and
resources
are
owned
and
controlled
by
the
community
as
a
whole
.
•
During
the
debate
,
the
young
communist
defended
the
idea
of
shared
ownership
of
factories
.
During
the
debate
,
the
young
communist
defended
the
idea
of
shared
ownership
of
factories
.
•
Her
grandfather
remained
a
proud
communist
even
after
moving
to
a
capitalist
country
.
Her
grandfather
remained
a
proud
communist
even
after
moving
to
a
capitalist
country
.
From
French
communiste
(
early
19th
century
),
from
communisme
“
communism
,”
ultimately
rooted
in
Latin
communis
“
common
,
shared
.”
adjective
Relating
to
communism
or
to
a
political
party
that
follows
communist
principles
.
•
She
studied
the
history
of
communist
governments
in
Eastern
Europe
.
She
studied
the
history
of
communist
governments
in
Eastern
Europe
.
•
The
museum
displays
posters
with
bold
Communist
imagery
from
the
1950s
.
The
museum
displays
posters
with
bold
Communist
imagery
from
the
1950s
.
Developed
from
the
noun
sense
in
the
late
19th
century
,
used
to
describe
anything
connected
to
communism
or
its
supporters
.
wound
noun
a
cut
,
hole
,
or
other
damage
to
the
skin
or
flesh
caused
by
an
injury
•
The
nurse
cleaned
the
soldier's
wound
and
covered
it
with
a
bandage
.
The
nurse
cleaned
the
soldier's
wound
and
covered
it
with
a
bandage
.
•
After
falling
off
his
bike
,
Tim
had
a
small
wound
on
his
knee
.
After
falling
off
his
bike
,
Tim
had
a
small
wound
on
his
knee
.
Old
English
wund
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
Wunde
.
verb
to
cause
a
break
in
someone
’
s
skin
or
flesh
•
Broken
glass
can
easily
wound
your
feet
if
you
walk
barefoot
.
Broken
glass
can
easily
wound
your
feet
if
you
walk
barefoot
.
•
The
hunter
did
not
intend
to
kill
the
deer
,
only
to
wound
it
.
The
hunter
did
not
intend
to
kill
the
deer
,
only
to
wound
it
.
Old
English
wundian
,
from
wund
‘
wound
’.
noun
deep
emotional
pain
caused
by
someone
’
s
words
or
actions
•
His
betrayal
left
a
lasting
wound
that
took
years
to
heal
.
His
betrayal
left
a
lasting
wound
that
took
years
to
heal
.
•
Apologizing
helped
close
the
emotional
wound
between
them
.
Apologizing
helped
close
the
emotional
wound
between
them
.
Figurative
use
recorded
since
Middle
English
,
extending
the
idea
of
physical
injury
to
emotional
hurt
.
verb
-
wind
,
winding
,
winds
,
wound
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
wind
:
to
turn
or
coil
something
around
or
to
twist
it
•
She
wound
the
scarf
around
her
neck
before
stepping
into
the
snow
.
She
wound
the
scarf
around
her
neck
before
stepping
into
the
snow
.
•
He
wound
the
rope
tightly
around
the
post
to
secure
the
boat
.
He
wound
the
rope
tightly
around
the
post
to
secure
the
boat
.
From
Old
English
windan
‘
to
twist
,
coil
’.
announcement
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
that
gives
people
important
or
new
information
•
The
principal
made
an
announcement
that
school
would
close
early
because
of
snow
.
The
principal
made
an
announcement
that
school
would
close
early
because
of
snow
.
•
A
loudspeaker
announcement
at
the
airport
told
passengers
to
board
the
plane
.
A
loudspeaker
announcement
at
the
airport
told
passengers
to
board
the
plane
.
from
announce
+
-ment
,
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
15th
century
,
borrowing
from
French
"
annoncement
"
noun
-
announcement
the
act
of
officially
telling
people
something
•
The
sudden
announcement
of
the
results
filled
the
room
with
cheers
.
The
sudden
announcement
of
the
results
filled
the
room
with
cheers
.
•
Her
parents
’
announcement
that
they
were
moving
shocked
her
.
Her
parents
’
announcement
that
they
were
moving
shocked
her
.
same
origin
as
the
countable
sense
,
from
Middle
French
“
annoncement
”,
meaning
the
act
of
proclaiming
hunt
verb
to
chase
,
capture
,
or
kill
wild
animals
,
birds
,
or
fish
for
food
,
sport
,
or
population
control
•
Early
in
the
morning
,
the
trackers
set
out
to
hunt
deer
in
the
forest
.
Early
in
the
morning
,
the
trackers
set
out
to
hunt
deer
in
the
forest
.
•
Some
people
believe
it
is
wrong
to
hunt
animals
just
for
sport
.
Some
people
believe
it
is
wrong
to
hunt
animals
just
for
sport
.
Old
English
“
hontian
”,
meaning
“
to
chase
game
”,
related
to
German
“
hunden
”.
verb
to
look
carefully
and
determinedly
for
someone
or
something
•
I've
been
hunting
for
my
keys
all
morning
,
but
I
still
can't
find
them
.
I've
been
hunting
for
my
keys
all
morning
,
but
I
still
can't
find
them
.
•
The
police
are
hunting
for
clues
to
solve
the
robbery
.
The
police
are
hunting
for
clues
to
solve
the
robbery
.
noun
the
activity
of
chasing
and
killing
wild
animals
,
birds
,
or
fish
•
During
deer
season
,
my
uncle
always
goes
on
a
hunt
in
the
mountains
.
During
deer
season
,
my
uncle
always
goes
on
a
hunt
in
the
mountains
.
•
They
returned
from
the
hunt
with
enough
meat
to
feed
the
whole
village
.
They
returned
from
the
hunt
with
enough
meat
to
feed
the
whole
village
.
noun
an
organized
attempt
to
find
someone
or
something
•
The
Easter
egg
hunt
delighted
the
children
.
The
Easter
egg
hunt
delighted
the
children
.
•
After
the
avalanche
,
there
was
a
frantic
hunt
for
survivors
.
After
the
avalanche
,
there
was
a
frantic
hunt
for
survivors
.
hunter
noun
a
person
who
goes
out
to
find
and
kill
wild
animals
,
often
for
food
,
sport
,
or
to
keep
their
numbers
under
control
•
At
dawn
,
the
hunter
crept
quietly
through
the
snowy
woods
,
following
deer
tracks
.
At
dawn
,
the
hunter
crept
quietly
through
the
snowy
woods
,
following
deer
tracks
.
•
The
hunter
raised
her
binoculars
to
spot
ducks
flying
over
the
lake
.
The
hunter
raised
her
binoculars
to
spot
ducks
flying
over
the
lake
.
From
Old
English
‘
hunta
’,
related
to
‘
hunt
’.
noun
someone
who
looks
carefully
for
a
particular
thing
,
opportunity
,
or
experience
•
The
job
hunter
refreshed
his
email
every
hour
,
hoping
for
an
interview
invitation
.
The
job
hunter
refreshed
his
email
every
hour
,
hoping
for
an
interview
invitation
.
•
At
the
flea
market
,
bargain
hunters
crowded
around
the
antique
stall
.
At
the
flea
market
,
bargain
hunters
crowded
around
the
antique
stall
.
Extended
sense
of
‘
hunter
’ “
one
who
hunts
animals
”
to
“
one
who
seeks
anything
” (
16th
c
.).
Hunter
noun
a
first
name
for
a
boy
,
and
sometimes
a
girl
•
Hunter
waved
from
the
stage
after
finishing
his
guitar
solo
.
Hunter
waved
from
the
stage
after
finishing
his
guitar
solo
.
•
Mrs
.
Garcia
called
on
Hunter
to
answer
the
math
question
.
Mrs
.
Garcia
called
on
Hunter
to
answer
the
math
question
.
Transferred
use
of
the
surname
‘
Hunter
’,
originally
an
occupational
surname
for
a
huntsman
.
tunnel
noun
a
long
,
man-made
passage
that
goes
through
or
under
something
such
as
a
mountain
,
river
,
or
city
so
that
people
or
vehicles
can
travel
through
it
.
•
The
new
highway
tunnel
cuts
straight
through
the
rocky
mountain
,
saving
drivers
almost
an
hour
.
The
new
highway
tunnel
cuts
straight
through
the
rocky
mountain
,
saving
drivers
almost
an
hour
.
•
We
could
hear
our
voices
echo
as
we
walked
inside
the
old
railway
tunnel
.
We
could
hear
our
voices
echo
as
we
walked
inside
the
old
railway
tunnel
.
Borrowed
in
the
late
15th
century
from
Middle
French
“
tonnelle
”,
meaning
a
barrel-shaped
vault
,
later
applied
to
underground
passages
.
noun
a
narrow
passage
that
an
animal
digs
in
the
ground
for
living
,
moving
,
or
storing
food
.
•
A
mole
had
created
a
long
tunnel
beneath
our
vegetable
garden
.
A
mole
had
created
a
long
tunnel
beneath
our
vegetable
garden
.
•
The
rabbit
disappeared
into
a
sandy
tunnel
at
the
base
of
the
hedge
.
The
rabbit
disappeared
into
a
sandy
tunnel
at
the
base
of
the
hedge
.
The
animal
sense
extends
the
earlier
meaning
of
a
man-made
passage
to
natural
passages
dug
by
creatures
.
verb
to
dig
or
bore
a
passage
,
especially
underground
,
through
or
under
something
.
•
Engineers
plan
to
tunnel
beneath
the
river
to
build
the
new
subway
line
.
Engineers
plan
to
tunnel
beneath
the
river
to
build
the
new
subway
line
.
•
During
the
war
,
prisoners
tried
to
tunnel
out
of
the
camp
at
night
.
During
the
war
,
prisoners
tried
to
tunnel
out
of
the
camp
at
night
.
Verb
use
dates
from
the
17th
century
,
formed
from
the
noun
“
tunnel
”
plus
the
verbal
suffix
indicating
action
.
uncomfortable
adjective
Causing
physical
discomfort
so
that
it
is
hard
to
relax
.
•
The
wooden
bench
felt
uncomfortable
after
we
sat
on
it
for
hours
.
The
wooden
bench
felt
uncomfortable
after
we
sat
on
it
for
hours
.
•
She
shifted
in
her
seat
because
her
new
shoes
were
uncomfortable
.
She
shifted
in
her
seat
because
her
new
shoes
were
uncomfortable
.
From
un-
‘
not
’
+
comfortable
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
18th
century
.
adjective
Feeling
uneasy
,
embarrassed
,
or
anxious
in
a
situation
.
•
I
felt
uncomfortable
talking
about
money
in
front
of
strangers
.
I
felt
uncomfortable
talking
about
money
in
front
of
strangers
.
•
The
long
silence
made
everyone
at
the
table
uncomfortable
.
The
long
silence
made
everyone
at
the
table
uncomfortable
.
From
un-
‘
not
’
+
comfortable
;
the
sense
of
emotional
unease
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
punish
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
to
make
someone
suffer
a
penalty
because
they
have
done
something
wrong
•
If
you
break
the
rules
,
the
teacher
will
punish
you
.
If
you
break
the
rules
,
the
teacher
will
punish
you
.
•
The
law
punishes
people
who
drive
under
the
influence
of
alcohol
.
The
law
punishes
people
who
drive
under
the
influence
of
alcohol
.
From
Old
French
puniss-
,
stem
of
punir
,
from
Latin
punīre
“
to
penalize
,
to
inflict
a
penalty
,”
related
to
poena
“
penalty
,
pain
.”
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
to
cause
great
pain
,
damage
,
or
strain
to
someone
or
something
•
The
strong
winds
punished
the
small
fishing
boats
all
night
.
The
strong
winds
punished
the
small
fishing
boats
all
night
.
•
Running
on
concrete
can
punish
your
knees
over
time
.
Running
on
concrete
can
punish
your
knees
over
time
.
verb
-
punish
,
punishing
,
punishes
,
punished
(
slang
)
to
eat
or
drink
a
large
amount
of
something
quickly
and
with
enthusiasm
•
After
the
marathon
,
she
punished
a
huge
burger
and
fries
.
After
the
marathon
,
she
punished
a
huge
burger
and
fries
.
•
They
punished
a
case
of
soda
during
the
party
.
They
punished
a
case
of
soda
during
the
party
.
drinking
verb
-
drink
,
drinking
,
drinks
,
drank
,
drunk
present
participle
of
drink
:
doing
the
action
of
taking
liquid
into
the
mouth
and
swallowing
it
•
She
is
drinking
a
cup
of
hot
tea
by
the
window
.
She
is
drinking
a
cup
of
hot
tea
by
the
window
.
•
The
horse
was
drinking
from
the
trough
when
I
arrived
at
the
stable
.
The
horse
was
drinking
from
the
trough
when
I
arrived
at
the
stable
.
counsel
noun
professional
or
formal
advice
,
especially
given
to
someone
about
a
serious
or
private
matter
•
The
teacher
offered
wise
counsel
to
the
nervous
student
before
the
exam
.
The
teacher
offered
wise
counsel
to
the
nervous
student
before
the
exam
.
•
Whenever
he
faced
a
tough
decision
,
Marcus
sought
his
grandfather
’
s
counsel
.
Whenever
he
faced
a
tough
decision
,
Marcus
sought
his
grandfather
’
s
counsel
.
From
Old
French
conseil
,
from
Latin
consilium
meaning
‘
consultation
,
advice
’.
noun
a
lawyer
or
group
of
lawyers
who
represent
someone
in
a
court
of
law
•
The
defendant
’
s
counsel
argued
that
there
was
not
enough
evidence
to
convict
.
The
defendant
’
s
counsel
argued
that
there
was
not
enough
evidence
to
convict
.
•
Before
signing
the
contract
,
she
asked
corporate
counsel
to
review
the
details
.
Before
signing
the
contract
,
she
asked
corporate
counsel
to
review
the
details
.
verb
-
counsel
,
counselling
,
counsels
,
counselled
to
give
advice
to
someone
,
especially
on
personal
or
professional
problems
•
The
therapist
counselled
the
couple
to
communicate
more
openly
.
The
therapist
counselled
the
couple
to
communicate
more
openly
.
•
Teachers
are
trained
to
counsel
students
who
feel
stressed
.
Teachers
are
trained
to
counsel
students
who
feel
stressed
.
ounce
noun
a
unit
of
weight
equal
to
one-sixteenth
of
a
pound
(
about
28
grams
in
everyday
use
,
about
31
grams
for
precious
metals
)
•
The
recipe
calls
for
one
ounce
of
dark
chocolate
.
The
recipe
calls
for
one
ounce
of
dark
chocolate
.
•
He
lifted
the
gold
bar
,
which
weighed
exactly
ten
ounces
.
He
lifted
the
gold
bar
,
which
weighed
exactly
ten
ounces
.
Middle
English
unce
,
from
Old
French
unce
,
from
Latin
uncia
meaning
a
twelfth
part
;
originally
a
twelfth
of
a
Roman
pound
.
noun
a
unit
of
liquid
volume
(
a
fluid
ounce
),
roughly
28
milliliters
in
the
U
.
S
.
system
or
29
.
6
milliliters
in
the
U
.
K
.
system
•
The
bottle
contains
twelve
fluid
ounces
of
cola
.
The
bottle
contains
twelve
fluid
ounces
of
cola
.
•
Add
eight
ounces
of
milk
to
the
batter
.
Add
eight
ounces
of
milk
to
the
batter
.
Extension
of
the
weight
unit
to
liquid
measure
in
the
Middle
Ages
,
when
herbs
,
wine
,
and
oils
were
sold
by
weight
then
converted
to
volume
.
noun
an
old
or
literary
word
for
a
snow
leopard
,
a
large
pale-grey
wild
cat
found
in
the
high
mountains
of
Central
and
South
Asia
•
In
medieval
bestiaries
,
the
ounce
was
described
as
a
mysterious
mountain
cat
.
In
medieval
bestiaries
,
the
ounce
was
described
as
a
mysterious
mountain
cat
.
•
Hunters
once
tried
to
track
the
elusive
ounce
for
its
valuable
fur
.
Hunters
once
tried
to
track
the
elusive
ounce
for
its
valuable
fur
.
From
Middle
English
ounce
,
ounse
,
borrowed
from
Old
French
once
,
variation
of
lonce
,
reanalyzed
from
l
’
once
(‘
the
lynx
’),
influenced
by
Latin
lynx
.
undergo
verb
-
undergo
,
undergoing
,
undergoes
,
underwent
,
undergone
to
experience
or
be
subjected
to
a
process
,
test
,
change
,
or
something
often
difficult
or
unpleasant
•
The
old
mansion
will
undergo
major
renovations
next
year
.
The
old
mansion
will
undergo
major
renovations
next
year
.
•
After
the
accident
,
she
had
to
undergo
several
surgeries
to
recover
.
After
the
accident
,
she
had
to
undergo
several
surgeries
to
recover
.
Middle
English
undergoon
,
from
under
+
go
,
originally
meaning
“
undertake
”
or
“
go
among
difficulties
.”
mount
verb
to
climb
onto
or
get
on
top
of
something
,
especially
a
horse
,
bicycle
,
or
high
place
•
The
jockey
mounted
the
nervous
racehorse
with
practiced
ease
.
The
jockey
mounted
the
nervous
racehorse
with
practiced
ease
.
•
Maya
steadied
her
bike
,
then
mounted
and
pedaled
toward
the
park
.
Maya
steadied
her
bike
,
then
mounted
and
pedaled
toward
the
park
.
From
Old
French
monter
,
from
Latin
mons
“
mountain
,”
meaning
“
to
go
up
.”
verb
to
fix
or
attach
something
firmly
to
a
wall
,
surface
,
or
support
•
We
mounted
the
flat-screen
TV
above
the
fireplace
.
We
mounted
the
flat-screen
TV
above
the
fireplace
.
•
The
photograph
was
carefully
mounted
on
black
matte
board
for
the
exhibition
.
The
photograph
was
carefully
mounted
on
black
matte
board
for
the
exhibition
.
Sense
extended
from
“
place
upon
”
in
late
Middle
English
.
noun
a
frame
,
base
,
or
backing
that
holds
something
in
position
or
displays
it
•
I
bought
a
wall
mount
for
the
new
monitor
.
I
bought
a
wall
mount
for
the
new
monitor
.
•
The
butterfly
specimen
was
placed
on
a
glass
mount
for
display
.
The
butterfly
specimen
was
placed
on
a
glass
mount
for
display
.
Late
17th-century
use
meaning
“
thing
on
which
something
is
mounted
.”
verb
to
organize
and
begin
something
such
as
a
campaign
,
attack
,
or
performance
•
The
charity
mounted
a
nationwide
fundraising
drive
after
the
earthquake
.
The
charity
mounted
a
nationwide
fundraising
drive
after
the
earthquake
.
•
The
army
mounted
a
surprise
attack
at
dawn
.
The
army
mounted
a
surprise
attack
at
dawn
.
Figurative
use
recorded
from
the
16th
century
,
linked
to
the
idea
of
placing
plans
‘
on
’
a
platform
.
verb
to
increase
gradually
in
amount
,
size
,
or
intensity
•
Tension
mounted
as
the
two
leaders
refused
to
compromise
.
Tension
mounted
as
the
two
leaders
refused
to
compromise
.
•
With
each
delay
,
our
frustration
mounted
.
With
each
delay
,
our
frustration
mounted
.
From
the
idea
of
things
‘
piling
up
’
higher
like
a
small
hill
or
mount
.
noun
an
animal
,
especially
a
horse
,
that
someone
rides
•
The
knight
chose
a
sturdy
mount
for
the
long
journey
.
The
knight
chose
a
sturdy
mount
for
the
long
journey
.
•
Her
trusty
mount
never
faltered
,
even
on
the
steep
trail
.
Her
trusty
mount
never
faltered
,
even
on
the
steep
trail
.
From
Old
French
mont
‘
mountain
,
hill
’;
later
applied
to
the
animal
that
one
“
mounts
.”
Mount
noun
-
Mount
used
before
the
name
of
a
mountain
•
They
planned
to
climb
Mount
Kilimanjaro
next
summer
.
They
planned
to
climb
Mount
Kilimanjaro
next
summer
.
•
Mount
Fuji
is
famous
for
its
nearly
perfect
cone
shape
.
Mount
Fuji
is
famous
for
its
nearly
perfect
cone
shape
.
Middle
English
‘
mounte
’,
ultimately
from
Latin
mons
“
mountain
.”
Capitalized
when
part
of
a
mountain
’
s
name
.