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great
adjective
-
great
,
greater
,
greatest
very
good
,
enjoyable
,
or
pleasing
β’
The
movie
was
great
and
everyone
applauded
at
the
end
.
The
movie
was
great
and
everyone
applauded
at
the
end
.
β’
Thanks
for
helping
;
you
did
a
great
job
.
Thanks
for
helping
;
you
did
a
great
job
.
Old
English
grΔat
β
big
,
thick
,
coarse
,β
related
to
grow
,
originally
describing
size
before
later
senses
of
excellence
and
importance
developed
.
adjective
-
great
,
greater
,
greatest
large
in
size
,
amount
,
or
degree
β’
A
great
wall
of
clouds
rolled
in
from
the
sea
.
A
great
wall
of
clouds
rolled
in
from
the
sea
.
β’
The
company
made
a
great
profit
last
year
.
The
company
made
a
great
profit
last
year
.
adjective
-
great
,
greater
,
greatest
important
,
famous
,
or
distinguished
in
ability
β’
Albert
Einstein
is
considered
a
great
scientist
.
Albert
Einstein
is
considered
a
great
scientist
.
β’
The
museum
hosts
paintings
by
the
great
masters
.
The
museum
hosts
paintings
by
the
great
masters
.
adverb
-
great
,
greater
,
greatest
very
well
;
excellently
β’
The
engine
runs
great
after
the
tune-up
.
The
engine
runs
great
after
the
tune-up
.
β’
You
β
re
doing
great
on
your
bike
without
training
wheels
.
You
β
re
doing
great
on
your
bike
without
training
wheels
.
interjection
-
great
,
greater
,
greatest
used
to
express
pleasure
,
approval
,
or
sometimes
sarcasm
β’
β
We
won
the
match
!β β β
Great
!β
β
We
won
the
match
!β β β
Great
!β
β’
The
concert
is
sold
out
.
Great
,
now
what
do
we
do
?
The
concert
is
sold
out
.
Great
,
now
what
do
we
do
?
noun
-
great
,
greater
,
greatest
a
person
who
is
very
famous
or
especially
skilled
in
a
particular
field
β’
Young
musicians
study
the
works
of
the
jazz
greats
.
Young
musicians
study
the
works
of
the
jazz
greats
.
β’
A
hall
of
fame
honors
sporting
greats
of
the
past
.
A
hall
of
fame
honors
sporting
greats
of
the
past
.
water
noun
the
clear
liquid
that
falls
as
rain
,
fills
rivers
,
lakes
and
seas
,
and
that
people
,
animals
and
plants
drink
to
live
β’
After
jogging
,
Maria
drank
a
bottle
of
cold
water
to
cool
down
.
After
jogging
,
Maria
drank
a
bottle
of
cold
water
to
cool
down
.
β’
The
baby
splashed
happily
in
the
shallow
water
of
the
garden
pool
.
The
baby
splashed
happily
in
the
shallow
water
of
the
garden
pool
.
Old
English
*wæter*
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*watar
,
related
to
German
*Wasser*
and
Dutch
*water*
.
verb
-
water
,
watering
,
waters
,
watered
to
pour
or
give
water
to
plants
,
animals
or
land
so
that
they
do
not
become
dry
β’
Every
evening
,
Ravi
waters
the
roses
in
his
garden
.
Every
evening
,
Ravi
waters
the
roses
in
his
garden
.
β’
Don
β
t
forget
to
water
the
houseplants
while
I
β
m
away
.
Don
β
t
forget
to
water
the
houseplants
while
I
β
m
away
.
noun
the
sea
,
river
,
or
lake
that
surrounds
or
belongs
to
a
particular
place
,
often
used
in
the
plural
form
β
waters
β
β’
Pirates
were
captured
when
they
sailed
into
the
territorial
waters
of
the
country
.
Pirates
were
captured
when
they
sailed
into
the
territorial
waters
of
the
country
.
β’
The
warm
waters
of
the
Caribbean
attract
many
tourists
every
year
.
The
warm
waters
of
the
Caribbean
attract
many
tourists
every
year
.
verb
-
water
,
watering
,
waters
,
watered
if
your
mouth
or
eyes
water
,
they
produce
liquid
because
you
smell
or
see
delicious
food
,
or
because
of
emotion
,
pain
or
irritation
β’
The
aroma
of
freshly
baked
bread
made
my
mouth
water
.
The
aroma
of
freshly
baked
bread
made
my
mouth
water
.
β’
His
eyes
watered
when
the
cold
wind
blew
in
his
face
.
His
eyes
watered
when
the
cold
wind
blew
in
his
face
.
create
verb
-
create
,
creating
,
creates
,
created
to
make
something
new
that
did
not
exist
before
,
especially
by
using
imagination
,
skill
,
or
effort
.
β’
The
young
woman
used
recycled
paper
to
create
colorful
greeting
cards
.
The
young
woman
used
recycled
paper
to
create
colorful
greeting
cards
.
β’
A
team
of
engineers
worked
late
to
create
a
safer
battery
for
electric
cars
.
A
team
of
engineers
worked
late
to
create
a
safer
battery
for
electric
cars
.
verb
-
create
,
creating
,
creates
,
created
to
cause
a
particular
situation
,
feeling
,
or
problem
to
exist
.
β’
The
sudden
thunderstorm
created
chaos
on
the
beach
as
people
ran
for
shelter
.
The
sudden
thunderstorm
created
chaos
on
the
beach
as
people
ran
for
shelter
.
β’
Her
surprise
announcement
created
excitement
among
the
students
.
Her
surprise
announcement
created
excitement
among
the
students
.
later
adverb
after
the
time
just
mentioned
or
at
some
time
in
the
future
β’
I'll
call
you
later
this
evening
.
I'll
call
you
later
this
evening
.
β’
Three
days
later
,
the
snow
finally
melted
.
Three
days
later
,
the
snow
finally
melted
.
adjective
occurring
toward
the
end
of
a
period
or
after
something
else
β’
In
her
later
years
,
she
moved
to
the
countryside
.
In
her
later
years
,
she
moved
to
the
countryside
.
β’
The
later
chapters
of
the
book
are
more
exciting
.
The
later
chapters
of
the
book
are
more
exciting
.
interjection
used
informally
to
say
goodbye
,
meaning
β
see
you
later
β
β’
"
Later
!"
he
shouted
as
he
left
the
party
.
"
Later
!"
he
shouted
as
he
left
the
party
.
β’
"
Catch
you
later
,
guys
,"
she
said
,
grabbing
her
backpack
.
"
Catch
you
later
,
guys
,"
she
said
,
grabbing
her
backpack
.
late
adjective
-
late
,
later
,
latest
arriving
,
happening
,
or
done
after
the
planned
or
expected
time
.
β’
The
train
was
late
,
so
passengers
waited
on
the
platform
.
The
train
was
late
,
so
passengers
waited
on
the
platform
.
β’
Her
late
arrival
to
class
surprised
the
teacher
.
Her
late
arrival
to
class
surprised
the
teacher
.
adverb
-
late
,
later
,
latest
after
the
planned
or
expected
time
.
β’
We
arrived
late
at
the
theater
and
missed
the
opening
scene
.
We
arrived
late
at
the
theater
and
missed
the
opening
scene
.
β’
Don't
stay
up
late
before
an
exam
.
Don't
stay
up
late
before
an
exam
.
adjective
-
late
,
later
,
latest
used
before
a
person
β
s
name
to
show
that
they
are
dead
.
β’
The
late
Professor
Smith
inspired
many
young
scientists
.
The
late
Professor
Smith
inspired
many
young
scientists
.
β’
We
visited
the
memorial
of
the
late
president
.
We
visited
the
memorial
of
the
late
president
.
adjective
-
late
,
later
,
latest
occurring
or
existing
near
the
end
of
a
period
or
sequence
.
β’
In
the
late
afternoon
,
the
sky
turned
golden
.
In
the
late
afternoon
,
the
sky
turned
golden
.
β’
During
the
late
1990s
,
mobile
phones
became
popular
.
During
the
late
1990s
,
mobile
phones
became
popular
.
adverb
-
late
,
later
,
latest
recently
;
in
the
recent
past
,
especially
in
the
expression
β
of
late
β.
β’
People
have
been
talking
a
lot
about
electric
cars
of late
.
People
have
been
talking
a
lot
about
electric
cars
of late
.
β’
Crime
rates
have
fallen
of late
in
the
city
.
Crime
rates
have
fallen
of late
in
the
city
.
eat
verb
-
eat
,
eating
,
eats
,
ate
,
eaten
to
put
food
in
your
mouth
,
chew
it
,
and
swallow
it
;
to
have
a
meal
β’
Babies
learn
to
eat
solid
food
around
six
months
.
Babies
learn
to
eat
solid
food
around
six
months
.
β’
Please
eat
your
vegetables
before
dessert
.
Please
eat
your
vegetables
before
dessert
.
Old
English
etan
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*etanΔ
,
related
to
German
essen
and
Dutch
eten
.
verb
-
eat
,
eating
,
eats
,
ate
,
eaten
to
use
up
or
consume
something
such
as
time
,
money
,
or
resources
β’
The
new
software
eats up
a
lot
of
memory
.
The
new
software
eats up
a
lot
of
memory
.
β’
Repairs
are
eating into
our
savings
.
Repairs
are
eating into
our
savings
.
verb
-
eat
,
eating
,
eats
,
ate
,
eaten
for
a
substance
such
as
rust
,
acid
,
or
mold
to
gradually
destroy
or
wear
away
something
solid
β’
Rust
had
eaten
holes
in
the
metal
fence
.
Rust
had
eaten
holes
in
the
metal
fence
.
β’
The
acid
ate through
the
plastic
container
.
The
acid
ate through
the
plastic
container
.
rate
noun
the
amount
of
money
that
is
paid
,
charged
,
or
received
for
each
unit
of
something
,
such
as
time
,
distance
,
or
quantity
β’
The
hotel
offers
a
discounted
weekend
rate
for
families
.
The
hotel
offers
a
discounted
weekend
rate
for
families
.
β’
He
checked
three
banks
to
compare
the
exchange
rate
before
buying
euros
.
He
checked
three
banks
to
compare
the
exchange
rate
before
buying
euros
.
From
Middle
English
rate
,
from
Old
French
rate
"
assessment
,"
from
Medieval
Latin
rata
(
pars
) "
reckoned
(
part
)."
noun
the
speed
at
which
something
happens
or
moves
β’
Rain
was
falling
at
a
steady
rate
all
morning
.
Rain
was
falling
at
a
steady
rate
all
morning
.
β’
The
doctor
measured
her
heart
rate
after
the
workout
.
The
doctor
measured
her
heart
rate
after
the
workout
.
Sense
of
speed
developed
in
the
17th
century
from
earlier
meanings
of
proportion
and
assessment
.
noun
a
level
or
amount
of
something
when
it
is
compared
with
something
else
,
often
shown
as
a
number
or
percentage
β’
The
unemployment
rate
dropped
to
4
percent
this
year
.
The
unemployment
rate
dropped
to
4
percent
this
year
.
β’
Infants
have
a
higher
breathing
rate
than
adults
.
Infants
have
a
higher
breathing
rate
than
adults
.
Adopted
in
statistical
use
in
the
19th
century
,
building
on
earlier
senses
of
proportion
and
assessment
.
verb
-
rate
,
rating
,
rates
,
rated
to
judge
or
assign
a
level
of
quality
,
importance
,
or
value
to
someone
or
something
β’
Critics
rated
the
film
five
stars
.
Critics
rated
the
film
five
stars
.
β’
I
rate
this
restaurant
as
the
best
in
town
.
I
rate
this
restaurant
as
the
best
in
town
.
The
verb
sense
comes
from
the
noun
meaning
"
value
"
in
late
Middle
English
,
extending
to
the
act
of
assigning
that
value
.
hate
verb
-
hate
,
hating
,
hates
,
hated
to
feel
very
strong
dislike
for
someone
or
something
β’
I
hate
cold
weather
.
I
hate
cold
weather
.
β’
She
hates
being
late
for
class
and
always
rushes
to
the
bus
.
She
hates
being
late
for
class
and
always
rushes
to
the
bus
.
Old
English
hatian
,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hatjanan
,
related
to
"
heat
"
in
the
sense
of
heated
emotion
.
noun
-
hate
a
very
strong
feeling
of
dislike
for
someone
or
something
β’
The
speech
was
filled
with
hate
toward
the
other
team
.
The
speech
was
filled
with
hate
toward
the
other
team
.
β’
Rumors
on
social
media
can
spread
hate
very
quickly
.
Rumors
on
social
media
can
spread
hate
very
quickly
.
Derived
from
the
Old
English
noun
hete
β
hate
,
persecution
,β
related
to
the
verb
"
hate
."
noun
something
that
a
person
strongly
dislikes
,
often
mentioned
among
their
personal
annoyances
β’
One
of
my
biggest
hates
is
people
chewing
loudly
.
One
of
my
biggest
hates
is
people
chewing
loudly
.
β’
Long
meetings
are
among
her
personal
hates
at
work
.
Long
meetings
are
among
her
personal
hates
at
work
.
Extension
of
the
abstract
noun
"
hate
"
to
refer
to
specific
disliked
items
,
appearing
in
informal
speech
from
the
20th
century
.
treat
verb
-
treat
,
treating
,
treats
,
treated
to
behave
toward
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
β’
Parents
should
treat
their
children
with
patience
and
respect
.
Parents
should
treat
their
children
with
patience
and
respect
.
β’
The
new
manager
promised
to
treat
every
employee
fairly
.
The
new
manager
promised
to
treat
every
employee
fairly
.
From
Middle
English
'tretin'
,
from
Old
French
'traitier'
meaning
'to
handle
,
deal
with'
,
from
Latin
'tractΔre'
β
frequentative
of
'trahere'
(β
to
draw
,
pull
β).
verb
-
treat
,
treating
,
treats
,
treated
to
give
medical
care
in
order
to
try
to
cure
an
illness
or
injury
β’
The
doctor
treated
her
broken
arm
with
a
cast
.
The
doctor
treated
her
broken
arm
with
a
cast
.
β’
Antibiotics
are
used
to
treat
many
bacterial
infections
.
Antibiotics
are
used
to
treat
many
bacterial
infections
.
verb
-
treat
,
treating
,
treats
,
treated
to
pay
for
something
that
will
give
someone
pleasure
,
such
as
a
meal
or
tickets
β’
Let
me
treat
you
to
dinner
tonight
to
celebrate
your
promotion
.
Let
me
treat
you
to
dinner
tonight
to
celebrate
your
promotion
.
β’
Grandpa
treated
all
the
grandchildren
to
ice
cream
at
the
park
.
Grandpa
treated
all
the
grandchildren
to
ice
cream
at
the
park
.
verb
-
treat
,
treating
,
treats
,
treated
to
put
a
substance
or
material
through
a
process
that
changes
or
protects
it
β’
The
factory
treated
the
water
to
remove
harmful
chemicals
.
The
factory
treated
the
water
to
remove
harmful
chemicals
.
β’
Wood
used
outdoors
is
often
pressure-treated
to
resist
rot
.
Wood
used
outdoors
is
often
pressure-treated
to
resist
rot
.
strategy
noun
-
strategy
,
strategies
a
carefully
designed
plan
or
set
of
actions
intended
to
achieve
a
particular
long-term
goal
β’
Our
coach
explained
the
new
strategy
before
the
championship
game
.
Our
coach
explained
the
new
strategy
before
the
championship
game
.
β’
Using
coupons
was
Maria
β
s
simple
strategy
for
saving
money
each
month
.
Using
coupons
was
Maria
β
s
simple
strategy
for
saving
money
each
month
.
From
Ancient
Greek
ΟΟΟΞ±ΟΞ·Ξ³Ξ―Ξ±
β
(
stratΔgΓa
, β
office
or
command
of
a
general
β),
from
ΟΟΟΞ±ΟΞ·Ξ³ΟΟ
β
(
stratΔgΓ³s
, β
general
β).
noun
-
strategy
,
strategies
the
skill
or
study
of
planning
and
directing
overall
operations
,
especially
in
war
,
business
,
or
games
β’
He
is
taking
a
university
course
in
military
strategy
.
He
is
taking
a
university
course
in
military
strategy
.
β’
Chess
masters
devote
years
to
understanding
strategy
at
the
highest
level
.
Chess
masters
devote
years
to
understanding
strategy
at
the
highest
level
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
later
broadened
in
English
in
the
19th
century
to
fields
beyond
war
.
state
noun
the
condition
or
situation
that
something
or
someone
is
in
at
a
particular
moment
β’
The
teacher
quickly
noticed
the
messy
state
of
the
classroom
.
The
teacher
quickly
noticed
the
messy
state
of
the
classroom
.
β’
After
running
the
marathon
,
he
was
in
no
state
to
drive
home
.
After
running
the
marathon
,
he
was
in
no
state
to
drive
home
.
From
Latin
status
β
condition
,
position
,β
via
Old
French
estat
and
Middle
English
stat
or
estate
.
noun
one
of
the
main
political
divisions
of
a
country
,
especially
in
a
federation
,
with
its
own
local
government
β’
Texas
is
the
second-largest
state
in
the
USA
.
Texas
is
the
second-largest
state
in
the
USA
.
β’
They
drove
across
three
states
in
one
day
.
They
drove
across
three
states
in
one
day
.
Political
sense
developed
in
late
Middle
English
,
influenced
by
the
Italian
use
of
stato
for
a
governed
territory
.
noun
the
government
and
its
public
institutions
of
a
country
considered
as
an
organized
system
β’
The
state
provides
free
education
for
all
children
.
The
state
provides
free
education
for
all
children
.
β’
Freedom
of
the
press
limits
the
power
of
the
state
.
Freedom
of
the
press
limits
the
power
of
the
state
.
noun
one
of
the
physical
forms
in
which
a
substance
can
exist
,
such
as
solid
,
liquid
,
or
gas
β’
Water
can
change
from
a
liquid
state
to
a
solid
when
it
freezes
.
Water
can
change
from
a
liquid
state
to
a
solid
when
it
freezes
.
β’
Steam
is
water
in
the
gaseous
state
.
Steam
is
water
in
the
gaseous
state
.
verb
-
state
,
stating
,
states
,
stated
to
say
or
write
something
clearly
and
formally
β’
Please
state
your
name
and
address
for
the
record
.
Please
state
your
name
and
address
for
the
record
.
β’
The
contract
clearly
states
the
payment
deadlines
.
The
contract
clearly
states
the
payment
deadlines
.
From
Latin
statum
,
past
participle
of
stare
β
to
stand
,β
later
developing
the
sense
of
β
set
down
in
words
.β
adjective
connected
with
the
government
or
with
formal
public
ceremonies
β’
The
president
arrived
in
a
state
carriage
drawn
by
four
white
horses
.
The
president
arrived
in
a
state
carriage
drawn
by
four
white
horses
.
β’
A
state
banquet
was
held
at
the
palace
for
the
visiting
queen
.
A
state
banquet
was
held
at
the
palace
for
the
visiting
queen
.
statement
noun
something
you
say
or
write
to
give
information
,
an
opinion
,
or
an
explanation
β’
Mia
β
s
unexpected
statement
silenced
the
room
.
Mia
β
s
unexpected
statement
silenced
the
room
.
β’
The
mayor
released
a
brief
statement
about
the
approaching
hurricane
.
The
mayor
released
a
brief
statement
about
the
approaching
hurricane
.
From
the
verb
'state'
+
the
noun-forming
suffix
'-ment'
,
appearing
in
English
since
the
14th
century
to
mean
β
the
act
of
expressing
something
β.
noun
an
official
spoken
or
written
account
given
to
the
police
,
a
court
,
or
the
public
β’
The
witness
signed
a
statement
describing
what
she
saw
.
The
witness
signed
a
statement
describing
what
she
saw
.
β’
After
the
accident
,
the
driver
gave
a
statement
to
the
police
.
After
the
accident
,
the
driver
gave
a
statement
to
the
police
.
noun
a
printed
or
electronic
document
that
lists
the
money
that
has
come
into
and
gone
out
of
your
bank
or
other
financial
account
β’
My
bank
sends
me
a
monthly
statement
by
email
.
My
bank
sends
me
a
monthly
statement
by
email
.
β’
Please
attach
the
latest
credit-card
statement
to
your
expense
report
.
Please
attach
the
latest
credit-card
statement
to
your
expense
report
.
noun
something
,
such
as
a
bold
piece
of
clothing
or
an
action
,
that
attracts
attention
and
shows
a
clear
style
or
opinion
β’
Her
bright
red
coat
made
a
real
fashion
statement
on
the
snowy
street
.
Her
bright
red
coat
made
a
real
fashion
statement
on
the
snowy
street
.
β’
Painting
the
house
purple
was
his
personal
statement
of
creativity
.
Painting
the
house
purple
was
his
personal
statement
of
creativity
.
noun
in
mathematics
or
logic
,
a
sentence
that
is
either
true
or
false
β’
The
statement
β
2
is
an
even
number
β
is
true
.
The
statement
β
2
is
an
even
number
β
is
true
.
β’
In
logic
,
a
conditional
statement
links
two
simpler
statements
with
β
ifβ¦then
β.
In
logic
,
a
conditional
statement
links
two
simpler
statements
with
β
ifβ¦then
β.
whatever
pronoun
anything
or
everything
that
;
no
matter
what
thing
β’
β
Take
whatever
you
need
from
the
fridge
,β
said
the
older
sister
.
β
Take
whatever
you
need
from
the
fridge
,β
said
the
older
sister
.
β’
I'll
support
you
in
whatever
you
decide
.
I'll
support
you
in
whatever
you
decide
.
Formed
from
β
what
β
+
β
ever
,β
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
to
emphasize
the
idea
of
β
any
...
that
.β
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
mean
any
...
that
;
no
matter
which
β’
Pick
up
whatever
book
catches
your
eye
.
Pick
up
whatever
book
catches
your
eye
.
β’
You
can
wear
whatever
shoes
are
comfortable
.
You
can
wear
whatever
shoes
are
comfortable
.
interjection
used
to
show
indifference
or
that
you
do
not
care
what
happens
or
what
was
said
β’
β
You
should
really
tidy
your
room
,β
said
his
mother
. β
Whatever
,β
he
muttered
.
β
You
should
really
tidy
your
room
,β
said
his
mother
. β
Whatever
,β
he
muttered
.
β’
β
We
can
go
to
the
beach
or
the
mountains
.β β
Whatever
,
you
decide
,β
she
replied
.
β
We
can
go
to
the
beach
or
the
mountains
.β β
Whatever
,
you
decide
,β
she
replied
.
adverb
at
all
;
of
any
kind
,
used
after
a
negative
for
emphasis
β’
He
showed
no
interest
whatever
in
the
project
.
He
showed
no
interest
whatever
in
the
project
.
β’
There
was
no
danger
whatever
.
There
was
no
danger
whatever
.
candidate
noun
a
person
who
is
trying
to
get
a
job
,
win
an
election
,
or
be
chosen
for
a
position
β’
Maria
decided
to
run
as
a
candidate
for
class
president
.
Maria
decided
to
run
as
a
candidate
for
class
president
.
β’
The
company
interviewed
five
strong
candidates
before
making
an
offer
.
The
company
interviewed
five
strong
candidates
before
making
an
offer
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
candidatus
β
clothed
in
white
β,
based
on
candidus
β
white
β.
In
ancient
Rome
,
people
seeking
public
office
wore
a
white
toga
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
could
be
chosen
for
a
particular
purpose
or
that
is
likely
to
experience
something
β’
This
distant
exoplanet
is
a
promising
candidate
for
supporting
life
.
This
distant
exoplanet
is
a
promising
candidate
for
supporting
life
.
β’
Because
of
his
symptoms
,
he
is
a
likely
candidate
for
the
new
clinical
trial
.
Because
of
his
symptoms
,
he
is
a
likely
candidate
for
the
new
clinical
trial
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
candidatus
β
clothed
in
white
β,
based
on
candidus
β
white
β.
indicate
verb
-
indicate
,
indicating
,
indicates
,
indicated
to
show
that
something
exists
,
is
true
,
or
is
likely
β’
The
rising
smoke
indicated
that
there
was
a
fire
nearby
.
The
rising
smoke
indicated
that
there
was
a
fire
nearby
.
β’
Her
bright
smile
indicates
that
she
is
pleased
with
the
results
.
Her
bright
smile
indicates
that
she
is
pleased
with
the
results
.
From
Latin
indicΔre
β
to
point
out
,
show
β,
from
in-
β
towards
β
+
dicΔre
β
proclaim
β.
verb
-
indicate
,
indicating
,
indicates
,
indicated
to
point
to
,
show
,
or
state
something
in
order
to
give
information
or
make
a
choice
β’
On
the
form
,
please
indicate
your
age
in
the
box
provided
.
On
the
form
,
please
indicate
your
age
in
the
box
provided
.
β’
She
indicated
the
book
she
wanted
by
tapping
its
cover
.
She
indicated
the
book
she
wanted
by
tapping
its
cover
.
verb
-
indicate
,
indicating
,
indicates
,
indicated
to
switch
on
a
vehicle
β
s
turn
signal
to
show
that
you
plan
to
change
direction
β’
Remember
to
indicate
before
you
pull
out
of
the
parking
space
.
Remember
to
indicate
before
you
pull
out
of
the
parking
space
.
β’
He
forgot
to
indicate
and
almost
caused
an
accident
.
He
forgot
to
indicate
and
almost
caused
an
accident
.
private
adjective
intended
for
one
person
or
a
small
group
only
and
not
to
be
shared
with
everyone
β’
She
asked
to
speak
to
me
in
a
private
room
away
from
the
crowd
.
She
asked
to
speak
to
me
in
a
private
room
away
from
the
crowd
.
β’
Please
keep
these
files
private
until
the
announcement
.
Please
keep
these
files
private
until
the
announcement
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
privatus
β
withdrawn
from
public
life
,
personal
β,
past
participle
of
privare
β
bereave
,
deprive
β.
adjective
liking
to
keep
personal
thoughts
and
feelings
secret
from
others
β’
Jason
is
a
private
person
who
rarely
posts
on
social
media
.
Jason
is
a
private
person
who
rarely
posts
on
social
media
.
β’
She
remained
private
about
her
travel
plans
until
everything
was
confirmed
.
She
remained
private
about
her
travel
plans
until
everything
was
confirmed
.
noun
the
lowest
rank
of
soldier
in
the
army
β’
Private
Jones
stood
at
attention
during
the
inspection
.
Private
Jones
stood
at
attention
during
the
inspection
.
β’
The
sergeant
ordered
the
private
to
deliver
the
message
.
The
sergeant
ordered
the
private
to
deliver
the
message
.
adjective
owned
or
controlled
by
an
individual
or
business
rather
than
the
government
β’
Their
children
attend
a
private
school
that
focuses
on
art
.
Their
children
attend
a
private
school
that
focuses
on
art
.
β’
The
city
β
s
buses
are
run
by
a
private
company
under
contract
.
The
city
β
s
buses
are
run
by
a
private
company
under
contract
.
adjective
relating
to
the
parts
of
the
body
usually
kept
covered
by
clothing
β’
Kids
giggled
when
the
nurse
mentioned
private
parts
during
the
health
lesson
.
Kids
giggled
when
the
nurse
mentioned
private
parts
during
the
health
lesson
.
β’
The
doctor
assured
him
the
exam
would
remain
private
and
respectful
.
The
doctor
assured
him
the
exam
would
remain
private
and
respectful
.
material
noun
a
substance
that
things
are
made
from
,
such
as
wood
,
metal
,
or
plastic
β’
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
β’
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
noun
-
material
cloth
that
is
sold
by
length
and
used
to
make
clothes
,
curtains
,
and
similar
things
β’
She
chose
a
soft
cotton
material
for
the
baby's
blanket
.
She
chose
a
soft
cotton
material
for
the
baby's
blanket
.
β’
Do
we
have
enough
material
to
sew
two
skirts
?
Do
we
have
enough
material
to
sew
two
skirts
?
noun
information
or
ideas
that
you
use
for
studying
,
writing
,
or
creating
something
β’
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
β’
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
considered
suitable
for
a
particular
job
,
role
,
or
purpose
β’
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
β’
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
adjective
relating
to
physical
things
that
you
can
touch
,
rather
than
to
the
mind
or
spirit
β’
They
focused
on
their
material
needs
,
like
food
and
shelter
.
They
focused
on
their
material
needs
,
like
food
and
shelter
.
β’
The
monk
gave
up
all
material
possessions
.
The
monk
gave
up
all
material
possessions
.
adjective
important
and
likely
to
influence
a
decision
or
result
,
especially
in
law
or
formal
situations
β’
The
lawyer
said
the
witness
left
out
material
facts
.
The
lawyer
said
the
witness
left
out
material
facts
.
β’
There
is
no
material
difference
between
the
two
products
.
There
is
no
material
difference
between
the
two
products
.
date
noun
a
particular
day
of
the
month
or
year
,
shown
on
a
calendar
or
stated
as
an
exact
time
β’
What
date
is
the
science
fair
?
What
date
is
the
science
fair
?
β’
Please
write
today
β
s
date
at
the
top
of
your
worksheet
.
Please
write
today
β
s
date
at
the
top
of
your
worksheet
.
From
Latin
β
datum
β
meaning
β
given
,β
first
used
in
medieval
Latin
for
the
time
something
was
written
.
noun
an
occasion
when
two
people
who
are
attracted
to
each
other
go
out
together
β’
Liam
asked
Emma
to
go
on
a
date
to
the
new
Italian
restaurant
.
Liam
asked
Emma
to
go
on
a
date
to
the
new
Italian
restaurant
.
β’
Our
first
date
was
a
walk
by
the
river
at
sunset
.
Our
first
date
was
a
walk
by
the
river
at
sunset
.
Sense
of
β
romantic
meeting
β
appeared
in
U
.
S
.
college
slang
around
1890
,
probably
from
the
idea
of
fixing
a
day
.
noun
the
person
you
go
out
with
on
a
romantic
occasion
β’
My
date
waited
for
me
outside
the
theater
.
My
date
waited
for
me
outside
the
theater
.
β’
She
introduced
her
date
to
her
parents
after
dinner
.
She
introduced
her
date
to
her
parents
after
dinner
.
Developed
from
the
sense
of
a
romantic
meeting
;
recorded
from
the
1930s
.
noun
a
small
,
sweet
,
brown
fruit
that
grows
on
the
date
palm
tree
,
often
eaten
dried
β’
I
packed
a
few
dates
in
my
lunchbox
for
a
healthy
snack
.
I
packed
a
few
dates
in
my
lunchbox
for
a
healthy
snack
.
β’
Date
syrup
is
made
by
slowly
cooking
crushed
dates
.
Date
syrup
is
made
by
slowly
cooking
crushed
dates
.
Old
French
β
dattier
,β
from
Latin
β
dactylus
,β
from
Greek
β
daktylos
β
meaning
β
finger
,β
because
of
the
fruit
β
s
shape
.
verb
-
date
,
dating
,
dates
,
dated
to
write
or
mark
the
date
on
something
β’
Please
date
and
sign
the
contract
.
Please
date
and
sign
the
contract
.
β’
She
carefully
dated
each
photo
before
putting
it
in
the
album
.
She
carefully
dated
each
photo
before
putting
it
in
the
album
.
Middle
English
from
the
noun
meaning
β
day
written
on
a
document
.β
verb
-
date
,
dating
,
dates
,
dated
to
regularly
go
out
with
someone
in
a
romantic
relationship
β’
Are
you
dating
anyone
right
now
?
Are
you
dating
anyone
right
now
?
β’
Sophia
and
Mark
have
dated
for
six
months
.
Sophia
and
Mark
have
dated
for
six
months
.
From
U
.
S
.
slang
sense
of
the
noun
β
date
β
as
a
romantic
meeting
,
late
19th
century
.
verb
-
date
,
dating
,
dates
,
dated
to
come
from
or
have
begun
at
a
particular
time
in
the
past
,
often
followed
by
β
from
β
or
β
back
to
β
β’
The
castle
dates
from
the
12th
century
.
The
castle
dates
from
the
12th
century
.
β’
Some
of
these
traditions
date
back
to
ancient
times
.
Some
of
these
traditions
date
back
to
ancient
times
.
Extension
of
the
verb
meaning
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
16th
century
.
relate
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
show
or
make
a
connection
between
two
or
more
things
β’
The
report
relates
current
spending
to
last
year's
profits
.
The
report
relates
current
spending
to
last
year's
profits
.
β’
Can
you
relate
these
clues
to
the
missing
painting
?
Can
you
relate
these
clues
to
the
missing
painting
?
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
be
connected
with
or
about
a
particular
subject
,
event
,
or
situation
(
often
followed
by
"
to
")
β’
Her
research
relates
directly
to
renewable
energy
.
Her
research
relates
directly
to
renewable
energy
.
β’
These
rules
relate
to
safety
in
the
laboratory
.
These
rules
relate
to
safety
in
the
laboratory
.
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
understand
and
feel
sympathy
for
someone
because
you
have
a
similar
experience
(
often
"
relate
to
someone/something
")
β’
As
a
parent
,
I
can
relate
to
your
worries
.
As
a
parent
,
I
can
relate
to
your
worries
.
β’
She
couldn't
relate
to
the
main
character's
choices
.
She
couldn't
relate
to
the
main
character's
choices
.
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
to
tell
or
describe
a
story
,
event
,
or
series
of
facts
(
formal
)
β’
The
witness
related
what
he
had
seen
.
The
witness
related
what
he
had
seen
.
β’
Grandfather
loves
to
relate
tales
of
his
youth
.
Grandfather
loves
to
relate
tales
of
his
youth
.
debate
noun
a
formal
or
serious
discussion
in
which
people
or
groups
present
different
opinions
about
a
topic
β’
The
presidential
debate
was
broadcast
live
on
television
.
The
presidential
debate
was
broadcast
live
on
television
.
β’
There
has
been
a
heated
debate
about
the
new
school
policy
at
the
town
meeting
.
There
has
been
a
heated
debate
about
the
new
school
policy
at
the
town
meeting
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
debatre
β
to
fight
or
contend
β,
from
Latin
battuere
β
to
beat
β.
The
sense
shifted
from
physical
fighting
to
verbal
contest
.
verb
-
debate
,
debating
,
debates
,
debated
to
discuss
a
question
or
issue
formally
or
to
think
about
different
possibilities
before
deciding
β’
The
students
will
debate
whether
smartphones
should
be
allowed
in
class
.
The
students
will
debate
whether
smartphones
should
be
allowed
in
class
.
β’
Parliament
will
debate
the
new
tax
bill
next
week
.
Parliament
will
debate
the
new
tax
bill
next
week
.
From
Old
French
debatre
β
to
fight
β,
which
broadened
in
English
to
include
verbal
discussion
.
beat
verb
-
beat
,
beating
,
beats
,
beaten
to
strike
someone
or
something
repeatedly
or
forcefully
β’
The
chef
beat
the
eggs
quickly
to
make
them
fluffy
.
The
chef
beat
the
eggs
quickly
to
make
them
fluffy
.
β’
Storm
waves
beat
against
the
rocks
all
night
.
Storm
waves
beat
against
the
rocks
all
night
.
verb
-
beat
,
beating
,
beats
,
beaten
to
win
against
someone
or
something
β’
Our
team
finally
beat
the
champions
in
the
final
game
.
Our
team
finally
beat
the
champions
in
the
final
game
.
β’
She
always
beats
me
at
cards
.
She
always
beats
me
at
cards
.
verb
-
beat
,
beating
,
beats
,
beaten
to
make
a
regular
sound
or
movement
,
like
a
heart
or
drum
β’
My
heart
beat
faster
when
I
saw
the
roller
coaster
.
My
heart
beat
faster
when
I
saw
the
roller
coaster
.
β’
Feel
how
steadily
the
drums
beat
in
the
parade
.
Feel
how
steadily
the
drums
beat
in
the
parade
.
noun
-
beat
,
beating
,
beats
,
beaten
a
regular
rhythm
or
pulse
in
music
that
you
can
count
or
dance
to
β’
The
DJ
mixed
a
new
beat
that
made
everyone
dance
.
The
DJ
mixed
a
new
beat
that
made
everyone
dance
.
β’
Clap
to
the
beat
so
we
stay
together
.
Clap
to
the
beat
so
we
stay
together
.
adjective
-
beat
,
beating
,
beats
,
beaten
extremely
tired
;
exhausted
β’
After
the
marathon
,
I
was
completely
beat
.
After
the
marathon
,
I
was
completely
beat
.
β’
You
look
beat
β
sit
down
and
rest
.
You
look
beat
β
sit
down
and
rest
.
noun
-
beat
,
beating
,
beats
,
beaten
the
area
or
route
that
a
police
officer
,
journalist
,
or
similar
worker
regularly
covers
while
working
β’
The
rookie
officer
walked
his
beat
downtown
every
night
.
The
rookie
officer
walked
his
beat
downtown
every
night
.
β’
Politics
is
the
reporter's
main
beat
.
Politics
is
the
reporter's
main
beat
.
seat
verb
-
seat
,
seating
,
seats
,
seated
to
show
someone
where
to
sit
,
or
to
have
enough
places
for
a
certain
number
of
people
β’
The
usher
politely
seated
the
guests
in
the
front
row
.
The
usher
politely
seated
the
guests
in
the
front
row
.
β’
This
van
seats
eight
passengers
comfortably
.
This
van
seats
eight
passengers
comfortably
.
From
Middle
English
β
seten
β,
causative
of
β
sit
β,
meaning
to
cause
to
sit
senate
noun
the
smaller
,
usually
upper
,
house
of
a
parliament
or
congress
that
debates
,
makes
,
and
approves
laws
β’
The
Senate
voted
to
pass
the
new
climate
bill
after
hours
of
debate
.
The
Senate
voted
to
pass
the
new
climate
bill
after
hours
of
debate
.
β’
Only
if
the
Senate
and
the
House
agree
will
the
law
be
changed
.
Only
if
the
Senate
and
the
House
agree
will
the
law
be
changed
.
From
Latin
senatus
,
derived
from
senex
meaning
β
old
man
,β
because
in
ancient
Rome
the
Senate
was
originally
a
council
of
elders
.
noun
the
main
governing
or
advisory
council
of
a
university
that
makes
important
academic
and
administrative
decisions
β’
The
university's
senate
approved
a
new
curriculum
for
first-year
students
.
The
university's
senate
approved
a
new
curriculum
for
first-year
students
.
β’
Faculty
representatives
presented
their
proposal
to
the
senate
yesterday
.
Faculty
representatives
presented
their
proposal
to
the
senate
yesterday
.
Borrowed
from
the
political
sense
;
universities
adopted
the
term
to
emphasize
a
deliberative
body
of
experienced
members
.
heat
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
the
quality
or
condition
of
being
hot
or
warm
β’
The
desert
air
shimmered
with
blistering
heat
.
The
desert
air
shimmered
with
blistering
heat
.
β’
She
felt
the
gentle
heat
from
the
fireplace
on
her
face
.
She
felt
the
gentle
heat
from
the
fireplace
on
her
face
.
Old
English
hΗ£tu
β
hot
condition
β,
from
Proto-Germanic
*haiti-
,
related
to
β
hot
β.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
warmth
produced
by
a
heater
,
stove
,
or
burner
,
or
the
level
of
such
warmth
used
when
cooking
β’
The
old
house
lost
its
heat
during
the
icy
night
.
The
old
house
lost
its
heat
during
the
icy
night
.
β’
She
set
the
stove
to
low
heat
to
let
the
soup
simmer
.
She
set
the
stove
to
low
heat
to
let
the
soup
simmer
.
verb
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
to
make
something
warm
or
become
warm
β’
Please
heat
the
soup
before
serving
.
Please
heat
the
soup
before
serving
.
β’
The
metal
will
heat
quickly
under
the
torch
.
The
metal
will
heat
quickly
under
the
torch
.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
strong
intensity
,
energy
,
or
excitement
during
an
activity
or
situation
β’
In
the
heat
of
the
game
,
the
crowd
roared
wildly
.
In
the
heat
of
the
game
,
the
crowd
roared
wildly
.
β’
They
said
things
they
regretted
in
the
heat
of
the
moment
.
They
said
things
they
regretted
in
the
heat
of
the
moment
.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
blame
,
criticism
,
or
strong
pressure
directed
at
someone
β’
The
coach
took
the
heat
after
the
unexpected
loss
.
The
coach
took
the
heat
after
the
unexpected
loss
.
β’
She
faced
heat
from
neighbors
over
the
noisy
party
.
She
faced
heat
from
neighbors
over
the
noisy
party
.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
a
single
race
or
match
in
a
series
that
decides
who
moves
on
to
the
final
round
β’
Maria
won
her
heat
and
advanced
to
the
final
.
Maria
won
her
heat
and
advanced
to
the
final
.
β’
There
are
four
heats
before
the
championship
race
.
There
are
four
heats
before
the
championship
race
.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
(
slang
)
a
gun
or
other
firearm
β’
The
detective
discovered
illegal
heat
hidden
under
the
seat
.
The
detective
discovered
illegal
heat
hidden
under
the
seat
.
β’
Gangsters
in
old
movies
often
carried
heat
.
Gangsters
in
old
movies
often
carried
heat
.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
a
period
when
a
female
mammal
is
sexually
receptive
and
ready
to
mate
β’
The
farmer
kept
the
buck
away
while
the
goat
was
in
heat
.
The
farmer
kept
the
buck
away
while
the
goat
was
in
heat
.
β’
Cats
often
yowl
loudly
when
they
are
in
heat
.
Cats
often
yowl
loudly
when
they
are
in
heat
.
noun
-
heat
,
heating
,
heats
,
heated
(
slang
)
the
police
or
other
law-enforcement
officers
β’
The
thieves
scattered
when
they
saw
the
heat
coming
.
The
thieves
scattered
when
they
saw
the
heat
coming
.
β’
Keep
your
voice
down
β
the
heat
could
be
listening
.
Keep
your
voice
down
β
the
heat
could
be
listening
.
appreciate
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
feel
or
show
that
you
are
grateful
for
something
someone
has
done
or
given
β’
I
really
appreciate
your
help
with
the
project
.
I
really
appreciate
your
help
with
the
project
.
β’
We
would
appreciate
it
if
you
arrived
on
time
tomorrow
.
We
would
appreciate
it
if
you
arrived
on
time
tomorrow
.
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
recognize
and
enjoy
the
good
qualities
or
true
value
of
someone
or
something
β’
The
tourists
paused
to
appreciate
the
sunset
glowing
over
the
snow-capped
mountains
.
The
tourists
paused
to
appreciate
the
sunset
glowing
over
the
snow-capped
mountains
.
β’
Maria
can
really
appreciate
a
good
cup
of
coffee
after
her
night
shift
at
the
hospital
.
Maria
can
really
appreciate
a
good
cup
of
coffee
after
her
night
shift
at
the
hospital
.
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
understand
fully
the
importance
,
difficulty
,
or
seriousness
of
something
β’
The
manager
appreciates
how
challenging
the
task
is
for
new
employees
.
The
manager
appreciates
how
challenging
the
task
is
for
new
employees
.
β’
You
must
appreciate
that
this
rule
exists
for
everyone
β
s
safety
.
You
must
appreciate
that
this
rule
exists
for
everyone
β
s
safety
.
verb
-
appreciate
,
appreciating
,
appreciates
,
appreciated
to
increase
in
monetary
value
over
time
β’
Over
the
years
,
the
old
house
has
appreciated
in
value
.
Over
the
years
,
the
old
house
has
appreciated
in
value
.
β’
Investors
hope
that
the
company
β
s
shares
will
appreciate
after
the
merger
.
Investors
hope
that
the
company
β
s
shares
will
appreciate
after
the
merger
.
immediately
adverb
without
any
delay
;
at
once
β’
When
the
fire
alarm
rang
,
everyone
left
the
building
immediately
.
When
the
fire
alarm
rang
,
everyone
left
the
building
immediately
.
β’
She
called
the
ambulance
immediately
after
seeing
the
accident
.
She
called
the
ambulance
immediately
after
seeing
the
accident
.
from
Latin
β
immediatus
β
meaning
β
without
anything
between
β
adverb
very
close
in
time
,
position
,
or
order
;
directly
β’
The
bakery
is
immediately
next
to
the
library
.
The
bakery
is
immediately
next
to
the
library
.
β’
You
will
find
the
answer
immediately
below
the
question
.
You
will
find
the
answer
immediately
below
the
question
.
conjunction
as
soon
as
;
at
the
moment
when
β’
Phone
me
immediately
you
get
to
the
hotel
.
Phone
me
immediately
you
get
to
the
hotel
.
β’
Immediately
the
rain
stopped
,
the
children
ran
outside
.
Immediately
the
rain
stopped
,
the
children
ran
outside
.
associate
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
mentally
connect
one
person
,
thing
,
or
idea
with
another
β’
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
Many
people
associate
the
smell
of
pine
with
Christmas
.
β’
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Children
often
associate
thunder
with
frightening
stories
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
"
associΔre
"
meaning
β
to
unite
with
β.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
spend
time
socially
with
someone
β’
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
The
politician
refused
to
associate
with
known
criminals
.
β’
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
Since
moving
schools
,
Mia
began
to
associate
with
a
new
group
of
friends
.
noun
a
colleague
,
partner
,
or
companion
who
works
or
spends
time
with
you
β’
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
Maria
invited
a
business
associate
to
lunch
.
β’
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
He
is
a
close
associate
of
the
mayor
.
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
to
join
with
a
group
,
organization
,
or
cause
as
a
partner
or
member
β’
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
Several
small
companies
associated
themselves
with
the
new
environmental
initiative
.
β’
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
She
chose
to
associate
her
brand
with
high-quality
craftsmanship
.
adjective
having
a
rank
or
position
that
is
connected
but
not
full
or
permanent
β’
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
She
is
an
associate
professor
of
biology
.
β’
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
The
museum
hired
him
as
an
associate
curator
.
climate
noun
the
typical
weather
conditions
of
a
place
over
many
years
,
including
temperature
,
rain
or
snow
,
and
winds
β’
The
climate
in
the
desert
is
hot
and
dry
all
year
round
.
The
climate
in
the
desert
is
hot
and
dry
all
year
round
.
β’
Scientists
warn
that
Earth
β
s
climate
is
getting
warmer
.
Scientists
warn
that
Earth
β
s
climate
is
getting
warmer
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
β
clima
β
meaning
β
slope
,
region
β,
later
β
weather
of
a
region
β.
noun
the
overall
feeling
,
attitude
,
or
situation
that
influences
how
people
think
and
act
in
a
particular
place
or
time
β’
After
the
robbery
,
there
was
a
climate
of
fear
in
the
neighborhood
.
After
the
robbery
,
there
was
a
climate
of
fear
in
the
neighborhood
.
β’
The
new
laws
created
a
positive
climate
for
investment
.
The
new
laws
created
a
positive
climate
for
investment
.
Transferred
figurative
use
recorded
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
regional
weather
to
describe
a
general
feeling
or
situation
.
boat
verb
to
travel
on
water
in
a
boat
,
or
to
move
people
or
things
using
a
boat
β’
In
the
summer
,
tourists
boat
along
the
canal
to
see
the
city
.
In
the
summer
,
tourists
boat
along
the
canal
to
see
the
city
.
β’
They
boated
the
supplies
across
the
river
after
the
bridge
collapsed
.
They
boated
the
supplies
across
the
river
after
the
bridge
collapsed
.
Back-formation
from
the
noun
β
boat
β,
first
recorded
as
a
verb
in
the
17th
century
.
demonstrate
verb
-
demonstrate
,
demonstrating
,
demonstrates
,
demonstrated
to
show
how
something
works
or
how
to
do
something
by
actually
doing
it
β’
The
chef
demonstrated
how
to
fillet
a
fish
in
front
of
the
cooking
class
.
The
chef
demonstrated
how
to
fillet
a
fish
in
front
of
the
cooking
class
.
β’
At
the
trade
fair
,
a
young
engineer
demonstrated
the
new
robot
arm
β
s
precise
movements
.
At
the
trade
fair
,
a
young
engineer
demonstrated
the
new
robot
arm
β
s
precise
movements
.
verb
-
demonstrate
,
demonstrating
,
demonstrates
,
demonstrated
to
prove
or
make
something
clear
by
providing
evidence
,
facts
,
or
examples
β’
The
scientist
demonstrated
that
the
new
medicine
was
safe
by
showing
the
test
results
.
The
scientist
demonstrated
that
the
new
medicine
was
safe
by
showing
the
test
results
.
β’
Her
calm
reaction
demonstrated
true
leadership
during
the
sudden
power
outage
.
Her
calm
reaction
demonstrated
true
leadership
during
the
sudden
power
outage
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
demonstrΔre
β
to
point
out
,
show
,
prove
,β
from
de-
β
completely
β
+
monstrΔre
β
to
show
.β
verb
-
demonstrate
,
demonstrating
,
demonstrates
,
demonstrated
to
take
part
in
a
public
protest
or
march
to
show
support
or
opposition
β’
Thousands
of
students
demonstrated
outside
the
parliament
for
climate
action
.
Thousands
of
students
demonstrated
outside
the
parliament
for
climate
action
.
β’
Workers
demonstrated
in
the
main
square
,
holding
bright
red
banners
demanding
fair
wages
.
Workers
demonstrated
in
the
main
square
,
holding
bright
red
banners
demanding
fair
wages
.
theater
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
or
outdoor
space
with
a
stage
and
seats
where
people
watch
live
plays
,
concerts
,
or
other
performances
β’
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
Our
class
took
a
trip
to
the
old
brick
theater
downtown
to
watch
a
Shakespeare
play
.
β’
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
The
lights
dimmed
as
the
audience
settled
into
their
seats
inside
the
grand
theater
.
From
Middle
English
teatre
,
via
Old
French
,
from
Latin
theatrum
,
from
Ancient
Greek
theΓ‘tron
β
place
for
viewing
β.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
building
with
screens
and
seats
where
people
watch
films
β’
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
We
bought
popcorn
before
entering
the
theater
to
see
the
new
superhero
movie
.
β’
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
The
small
town
finally
got
a
modern
theater
with
reclining
seats
.
Extension
of
Sense
1
after
the
invention
of
motion
pictures
in
the
late
19th
century
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
the
art
,
craft
,
and
academic
study
of
writing
,
producing
,
and
acting
in
live
dramatic
performances
β’
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
She
majored
in
theater
at
college
and
hopes
to
direct
someday
.
β’
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Theater
has
been
his
passion
since
childhood
puppet
shows
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
sterile
room
in
a
hospital
where
surgeons
perform
operations
β’
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
Nurses
wheeled
the
patient
into
the
theater
for
the
heart surgery
.
β’
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
β
s
new
theater
.
Only
sterile
clothing
is
allowed
inside
the
hospital
β
s
new
theater
.
Borrowed
from
the
dramatic
sense
to
describe
a
room
where
action
is
closely
watched
,
first
used
in
18th-century
hospitals
.
noun
-
theater
,
theatering
,
theaters
,
theatered
a
large
geographic
area
where
important
military
events
happen
during
a
war
β’
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
The
general
inspected
troops
stationed
in
the
Pacific
theater
.
β’
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Supplies
were
flown
to
the
European
theater
throughout
the
war
.
Military
use
arose
in
the
mid-19th
century
,
comparing
large-scale
war
zones
to
a
stage
where
major
actions
are
played
out
.
category
noun
-
category
,
categories
a
group
or
class
of
people
or
things
that
share
the
same
main
qualities
β’
Books
for
young
children
belong
in
a
different
category
from
novels
for
adults
.
Books
for
young
children
belong
in
a
different
category
from
novels
for
adults
.
β’
The
talent
show
will
have
separate
categories
for
singing
,
dancing
,
and
comedy
.
The
talent
show
will
have
separate
categories
for
singing
,
dancing
,
and
comedy
.
Borrowed
from
late
Latin
categoria
,
from
Greek
katΔgoria
meaning
β
statement
,
classification
β.
The
everyday
sense
of
β
class
or
group
β
dates
from
the
17th
century
.
noun
-
category
,
categories
in
philosophy
or
logic
,
one
of
the
most
basic
kinds
into
which
things
or
ideas
can
be
sorted
β’
Aristotle
proposed
ten
basic
categories
of
being
.
Aristotle
proposed
ten
basic
categories
of
being
.
β’
The
lecturer
placed
space
and
time
in
the
same
category
of
experience
.
The
lecturer
placed
space
and
time
in
the
same
category
of
experience
.
The
philosophical
sense
dates
back
to
Aristotle
β
s
Greek
writings
(
4th
century
BC
),
later
adopted
into
Latin
as
categoria
and
re-introduced
into
English
scholarly
language
in
the
late
Middle
Ages
.
noun
-
category
,
categories
in
mathematics
(
category
theory
),
a
collection
of
objects
and
arrows
(
morphisms
)
between
them
that
obey
specific
composition
and
identity
rules
β’
A
category
consists
of
objects
like
groups
and
morphisms
like
homomorphisms
.
A
category
consists
of
objects
like
groups
and
morphisms
like
homomorphisms
.
β’
Functors
map
one
category
to
another
while
preserving
structure
.
Functors
map
one
category
to
another
while
preserving
structure
.
The
mathematical
sense
was
introduced
in
the
1940s
by
Samuel
Eilenberg
and
Saunders
Mac
Lane
,
who
chose
the
existing
word
"
category
"
to
name
the
abstract
structure
central
to
category
theory
.
threaten
verb
to
say
you
will
hurt
,
punish
,
or
cause
trouble
for
someone
if
they
do
not
do
what
you
want
β’
The
bully
threatened
Sam
with
a
punch
unless
he
handed
over
his
lunch
money
.
The
bully
threatened
Sam
with
a
punch
unless
he
handed
over
his
lunch
money
.
β’
During
the
meeting
,
the
angry
customer
threatened
to
sue
the
company
if
they
didn't
issue
a
refund
.
During
the
meeting
,
the
angry
customer
threatened
to
sue
the
company
if
they
didn't
issue
a
refund
.
verb
to
seem
likely
to
cause
harm
or
danger
in
the
future
β’
Dark
clouds
threatened
rain
,
so
we
packed
up
the
picnic
early
.
Dark
clouds
threatened
rain
,
so
we
packed
up
the
picnic
early
.
β’
Rising
sea
levels
threaten
many
coastal
towns
around
the
world
.
Rising
sea
levels
threaten
many
coastal
towns
around
the
world
.
operate
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
machine
or
system
)
to
work
or
function
in
the
way
it
was
designed
β’
You
must
fix
the
wiring
before
the
elevator
can
operate
again
.
You
must
fix
the
wiring
before
the
elevator
can
operate
again
.
β’
My
old
wristwatch
still
operates
perfectly
after
twenty
years
.
My
old
wristwatch
still
operates
perfectly
after
twenty
years
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
to
control
or
use
a
machine
,
device
,
or
piece
of
equipment
β’
Only
trained
pilots
are
allowed
to
operate
the
aircraft
.
Only
trained
pilots
are
allowed
to
operate
the
aircraft
.
β’
She
learned
to
operate
the
3D
printer
in
one
afternoon
.
She
learned
to
operate
the
3D
printer
in
one
afternoon
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
person
,
company
,
or
service
)
to
carry
out
business
or
be
active
,
especially
in
a
particular
place
or
way
β’
The
bakery
will
operate
seven
days
a
week
during
the
holidays
.
The
bakery
will
operate
seven
days
a
week
during
the
holidays
.
β’
They
operate
mainly
in
South
America
and
Asia
.
They
operate
mainly
in
South
America
and
Asia
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
to
perform
surgery
on
someone
β’
The
surgeon
will
operate
on
the
patient
at
noon
.
The
surgeon
will
operate
on
the
patient
at
noon
.
β’
Doctors
had
to
operate
immediately
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
Doctors
had
to
operate
immediately
to
stop
the
bleeding
.
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
(
of
a
law
,
rule
,
or
force
)
to
have
an
effect
or
exert
influence
β’
The
new
law
will
operate
to
protect
tenants
from
unfair
rent
increases
.
The
new
law
will
operate
to
protect
tenants
from
unfair
rent
increases
.
β’
In
zero
gravity
,
different
physical
laws
operate
.
In
zero
gravity
,
different
physical
laws
operate
.
appropriate
adjective
suitable
or
right
for
a
particular
situation
or
purpose
β’
It
is
not
appropriate
to
wear
jeans
to
a
formal
wedding
.
It
is
not
appropriate
to
wear
jeans
to
a
formal
wedding
.
β’
The
librarian
helped
the
child
choose
an
appropriate
book
for
her
reading
level
.
The
librarian
helped
the
child
choose
an
appropriate
book
for
her
reading
level
.
From
Late
Latin
appropriΔtus
,
past
participle
of
appropriΔre
β
to
make
one
β
s
own
β,
from
Latin
ad-
β
to
β
+
proprius
β
one
β
s
own
β.
verb
-
appropriate
,
appropriating
,
appropriates
,
appropriated
to
take
or
use
something
for
oneself
without
permission
,
often
wrongfully
β’
The
rebels
appropriated
the
village
β
s
food
supplies
during
the
night
.
The
rebels
appropriated
the
village
β
s
food
supplies
during
the
night
.
β’
He
often
appropriates
other
people
β
s
ideas
and
presents
them
as
his
own
.
He
often
appropriates
other
people
β
s
ideas
and
presents
them
as
his
own
.
Same
origin
as
adjective
sense
;
meaning
of
β
take
for
oneself
β
developed
in
late
Middle
English
.
verb
-
appropriate
,
appropriating
,
appropriates
,
appropriated
to
officially
set
apart
money
or
resources
for
a
particular
use
β’
The
government
appropriated
five
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
hospital
.
The
government
appropriated
five
million
dollars
to
build
a
new
hospital
.
β’
Each
year
the
committee
appropriates
a
budget
for
community
projects
.
Each
year
the
committee
appropriates
a
budget
for
community
projects
.
Financial
sense
arose
in
the
17th
century
from
the
broader
idea
of
assigning
something
as
one
β
s
own
.
participate
verb
-
participate
,
participating
,
participates
,
participated
to
take
part
in
an
activity
,
event
,
or
situation
with
other
people
β’
All
the
students
agreed
to
participate
in
the
science
fair
.
All
the
students
agreed
to
participate
in
the
science
fair
.
β’
If
you
want
to
participate
,
please
sign
up
before
Friday
.
If
you
want
to
participate
,
please
sign
up
before
Friday
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
participat-
β
shared
in
β,
from
participare
β
share
in
β,
from
pars
,
part-
β
part
β
+
capere
β
take
β.
verb
-
participate
,
participating
,
participates
,
participated
to
share
in
or
possess
a
part
of
a
quality
,
characteristic
,
or
element
β’
The
novel
participates
in
both
comedy
and
tragedy
.
The
novel
participates
in
both
comedy
and
tragedy
.
β’
Her
speech
participated
in
the
optimism
of
the
era
.
Her
speech
participated
in
the
optimism
of
the
era
.
Same
origin
as
the
common
sense
:
from
Latin
participare
β
share
in
β,
emphasizing
the
idea
of
possessing
a
portion
of
something
.
corporate
adjective
connected
with
large
companies
or
with
the
business
world
β’
The
firm
unveiled
a
new
corporate
logo
to
modernize
its
image
.
The
firm
unveiled
a
new
corporate
logo
to
modernize
its
image
.
β’
She
hopes
to
climb
the
corporate
ladder
and
become
a
manager
within
five
years
.
She
hopes
to
climb
the
corporate
ladder
and
become
a
manager
within
five
years
.
From
Latin
corporatus
β
formed
into
a
body
β,
past
participle
of
corporare
,
from
corpus
β
body
β.
adjective
shared
by
or
belonging
to
the
whole
group
,
not
just
to
one
person
β’
The
clean-up
of
the
beach
was
a
corporate
responsibility
for
all
volunteers
.
The
clean-up
of
the
beach
was
a
corporate
responsibility
for
all
volunteers
.
β’
They
joined
in
a
corporate
prayer
for
peace
.
They
joined
in
a
corporate
prayer
for
peace
.
Sense
extension
from
the
idea
of
a
β
body
β
acting
as
one
.
generate
verb
-
generate
,
generating
,
generates
,
generated
to
produce
or
create
something
such
as
heat
,
electricity
,
feelings
,
or
results
β’
The
wind
turbines
on
the
hill
generate
enough
electricity
for
the
entire
village
.
The
wind
turbines
on
the
hill
generate
enough
electricity
for
the
entire
village
.
β’
Squeezing
the
hand
warmer
causes
a
reaction
that
generates
heat
within
seconds
.
Squeezing
the
hand
warmer
causes
a
reaction
that
generates
heat
within
seconds
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
generΔre
β
to
beget
,
produce
β,
from
genus
β
birth
,
kind
β.
verb
-
generate
,
generating
,
generates
,
generated
to
create
data
,
images
,
or
other
output
automatically
using
a
machine
or
computer
program
β’
The
computer
program
can
generate
ten
random
passwords
in
a
second
.
The
computer
program
can
generate
ten
random
passwords
in
a
second
.
β’
Clicking
the
button
generates
a
detailed
weather
map
for
the
pilots
.
Clicking
the
button
generates
a
detailed
weather
map
for
the
pilots
.
Same
origin
as
main
sense
:
Latin
generΔre
β
to
beget
,
produce
β.
repeat
verb
to
say
,
write
,
or
do
something
again
β’
"
Could
you
please
repeat
your
question
?"
the
teacher
asked
.
"
Could
you
please
repeat
your
question
?"
the
teacher
asked
.
β’
The
children
love
to
repeat
the
song
β
s
chorus
over
and
over
while
clapping
their
hands
.
The
children
love
to
repeat
the
song
β
s
chorus
over
and
over
while
clapping
their
hands
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
repeter
,
from
Latin
repetere
β
to
seek
again
,
return
to
,
repeat
β,
from
re-
β
again
β
+
petere
β
to
seek
β.
plate
noun
a
flat
,
usually
round
dish
that
you
use
to
hold
and
eat
food
from
β’
Maria
carefully
placed
the
slice
of
cake
onto
a
small
plate
before
serving
it
.
Maria
carefully
placed
the
slice
of
cake
onto
a
small
plate
before
serving
it
.
β’
The
toddler
banged
his
plastic
plate
on
the
high-chair
tray
,
laughing
loudly
.
The
toddler
banged
his
plastic
plate
on
the
high-chair
tray
,
laughing
loudly
.
Old
French
plate
β
flat
piece
,β
from
Medieval
Latin
plata
β
flat
surface
,β
probably
from
Greek
platys
β
broad
,
flat
.β
noun
an
amount
of
food
served
on
one
plate
;
a
portion
of
a
meal
β’
The
restaurant
offers
a
generous
plate
of
pasta
for
under
ten
dollars
.
The
restaurant
offers
a
generous
plate
of
pasta
for
under
ten
dollars
.
β’
I
β
m
starving
β
can
you
hand
me
another
plate
of
cookies
?
I
β
m
starving
β
can
you
hand
me
another
plate
of
cookies
?
noun
the
metal
or
plastic
sign
fixed
to
a
vehicle
that
shows
its
registration
number
β’
The
police
officer
wrote
down
the
car
β
s
license
plate
number
.
The
police
officer
wrote
down
the
car
β
s
license
plate
number
.
β’
In
some
countries
,
electric
vehicles
have
green
plates
.
In
some
countries
,
electric
vehicles
have
green
plates
.
verb
-
plate
,
plating
,
plates
,
plated
to
arrange
cooked
food
neatly
on
a
plate
for
serving
β’
The
chef
took
a
moment
to
plate
the
steak
with
colorful
vegetables
.
The
chef
took
a
moment
to
plate
the
steak
with
colorful
vegetables
.
β’
She
plated
the
dessert
with
a
sprinkle
of
powdered
sugar
and
fresh
berries
.
She
plated
the
dessert
with
a
sprinkle
of
powdered
sugar
and
fresh
berries
.
noun
a
large
,
slowly
moving
section
of
the
Earth
β
s
crust
that
fits
together
with
others
like
a
puzzle
β’
The
Pacific
plate
is
the
largest
of
Earth
β
s
tectonic
plates
.
The
Pacific
plate
is
the
largest
of
Earth
β
s
tectonic
plates
.
β’
Earthquakes
often
occur
where
one
plate
slides
beneath
another
.
Earthquakes
often
occur
where
one
plate
slides
beneath
another
.
noun
a
thin
,
flat
piece
of
metal
,
glass
,
or
similar
material
β’
The
welder
attached
a
steel
plate
to
reinforce
the
bridge
support
.
The
welder
attached
a
steel
plate
to
reinforce
the
bridge
support
.
β’
The
scientist
slid
a
glass
plate
over
the
sample
to
examine
it
under
the
microscope
.
The
scientist
slid
a
glass
plate
over
the
sample
to
examine
it
under
the
microscope
.
noun
in
baseball
,
the
five-sided
base
that
a
runner
must
touch
to
score
a
run
;
home
plate
β’
The
batter
stepped
up
to
the
plate
and
adjusted
his
helmet
.
The
batter
stepped
up
to
the
plate
and
adjusted
his
helmet
.
β’
She
slid
across
the
plate
just
before
the
catcher
could
tag
her
.
She
slid
across
the
plate
just
before
the
catcher
could
tag
her
.
verb
-
plate
,
plating
,
plates
,
plated
to
cover
an
object
with
a
thin
layer
of
metal
,
usually
for
protection
or
decoration
β’
The
jeweler
will
plate
the
ring
with
24-karat
gold
.
The
jeweler
will
plate
the
ring
with
24-karat
gold
.
β’
Old
cutlery
can
tarnish
quickly
unless
you
plate
it
with
silver
.
Old
cutlery
can
tarnish
quickly
unless
you
plate
it
with
silver
.
Sense
extended
from
the
noun
β
plate
β (
metal
sheet
)
in
the
19th
century
,
when
electroplating
became
common
.
ultimately
adverb
in
the
end
,
after
everything
else
has
been
done
,
tried
,
or
considered
β’
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
ultimately
approved
the
new
park
plan
.
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
ultimately
approved
the
new
park
plan
.
β’
No
matter
how
hard
the
climb
was
,
we
ultimately
reached
the
summit
at
sunset
.
No
matter
how
hard
the
climb
was
,
we
ultimately
reached
the
summit
at
sunset
.
From
Latin
ultimΔtus
β
last
,
final
β
+
English
adverbial
suffix
βly
.
adverb
used
to
emphasize
the
most
basic
or
important
truth
,
cause
,
or
purpose
β’
All
economic
decisions
ultimately
depend
on
supply
and
demand
.
All
economic
decisions
ultimately
depend
on
supply
and
demand
.
β’
While
there
are
many
techniques
,
cooking
is
ultimately
about
balancing
flavors
.
While
there
are
many
techniques
,
cooking
is
ultimately
about
balancing
flavors
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
ultimΔtus
with
adverbial
βly
,
later
extended
to
mean
β
at
the
basic
level
.β
unfortunately
adverb
used
to
introduce
or
emphasize
that
a
fact
or
situation
is
unlucky
,
bad
,
or
disappointing
β’
Unfortunately
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
because
heavy
rain
flooded
the
stage
.
Unfortunately
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
canceled
because
heavy
rain
flooded
the
stage
.
β’
Unfortunately
,
I
realized
on
the
bus
that
I
had
left
my
phone
at
home
.
Unfortunately
,
I
realized
on
the
bus
that
I
had
left
my
phone
at
home
.
locate
verb
-
locate
,
locating
,
locates
,
located
to
find
the
exact
place
or
position
of
something
or
someone
,
especially
after
searching
β’
Using
the
map
,
Mia
quickly
located
the
nearest
bus
stop
.
Using
the
map
,
Mia
quickly
located
the
nearest
bus
stop
.
β’
Rescuers
are
trying
to
locate
the
missing
hiker
in
the
mountains
.
Rescuers
are
trying
to
locate
the
missing
hiker
in
the
mountains
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
locΔre
β
to
place
β,
from
locus
β
place
β.
verb
-
locate
,
locating
,
locates
,
located
to
put
something
in
a
particular
place
or
position
β’
They
decided
to
locate
the
new
playground
beside
the
community
center
.
They
decided
to
locate
the
new
playground
beside
the
community
center
.
β’
The
architect
will
locate
the
windows
to
maximize
natural
light
.
The
architect
will
locate
the
windows
to
maximize
natural
light
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
locΔre
.
verb
-
locate
,
locating
,
locates
,
located
to
establish
oneself
or
be
situated
in
a
particular
place
β’
Several
tech
companies
have
located
in
the
city
β
s
waterfront
district
.
Several
tech
companies
have
located
in
the
city
β
s
waterfront
district
.
β’
After
college
,
she
located
in
Madrid
to
study
art
.
After
college
,
she
located
in
Madrid
to
study
art
.
Extended
sense
from
the
idea
of
placing
oneself
in
a
location
.
investigate
verb
-
investigate
,
investigating
,
investigates
,
investigated
to
look
into
something
carefully
so
you
can
discover
the
facts
and
understand
it
fully
β’
The
scientist
investigated
the
strange
humming
coming
from
the
laboratory
machine
.
The
scientist
investigated
the
strange
humming
coming
from
the
laboratory
machine
.
β’
We
plan
to
investigate
how
different
diets
affect
people
β
s
energy
levels
.
We
plan
to
investigate
how
different
diets
affect
people
β
s
energy
levels
.
Late
15th
century
from
Latin
investigare
β
to
trace
out
β (
from
in-
β
into
β
+
vestigare
β
track
,
trace
β).
verb
-
investigate
,
investigating
,
investigates
,
investigated
to
carry
out
an
official
inquiry
into
a
crime
,
accident
,
or
problem
to
find
out
who
is
responsible
or
what
happened
β’
Detectives
are
investigating
the
theft
of
priceless
art
from
the
museum
.
Detectives
are
investigating
the
theft
of
priceless
art
from
the
museum
.
β’
The
committee
will
investigate
whether
safety
rules
were
broken
.
The
committee
will
investigate
whether
safety
rules
were
broken
.
Late
15th
century
from
Latin
investigare
β
to
trace
out
β.
The
sense
of
official
inquiry
developed
in
the
19th
century
with
modern
policing
.
celebrate
verb
-
celebrate
,
celebrating
,
celebrates
,
celebrated
to
show
happiness
about
an
event
,
achievement
,
or
special
day
by
doing
something
enjoyable
such
as
having
a
party
,
eating
together
,
or
joining
a
public
festivity
β’
After
passing
her
exam
,
Mia
invited
her
friends
over
to
celebrate
.
After
passing
her
exam
,
Mia
invited
her
friends
over
to
celebrate
.
β’
Fireworks
lit
the
sky
as
the
city
gathered
to
celebrate
the
national
holiday
.
Fireworks
lit
the
sky
as
the
city
gathered
to
celebrate
the
national
holiday
.
From
Latin
celebrΔre
β
to
honor
,
to
frequent
,β
related
to
celeber
β
frequented
,
populous
,
renowned
.β
The
meaning
of
rejoicing
at
an
event
dates
from
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
celebrate
,
celebrating
,
celebrates
,
celebrated
to
perform
a
religious
ceremony
,
especially
the
Christian
Mass
or
another
act
of
worship
β’
The
priest
will
celebrate
Mass
at
dawn
on
Easter
Sunday
.
The
priest
will
celebrate
Mass
at
dawn
on
Easter
Sunday
.
β’
Hundreds
of
faithful
gathered
as
the
bishop
celebrated
the
sacred
liturgy
.
Hundreds
of
faithful
gathered
as
the
bishop
celebrated
the
sacred
liturgy
.
verb
-
celebrate
,
celebrating
,
celebrates
,
celebrated
to
praise
,
honor
,
or
draw
special
attention
to
the
good
qualities
of
someone
or
something
β’
Her
new
song
celebrates
the
beauty
of
ordinary
life
.
Her
new
song
celebrates
the
beauty
of
ordinary
life
.
β’
The
exhibition
celebrates
the
achievements
of
women
scientists
.
The
exhibition
celebrates
the
achievements
of
women
scientists
.
estimate
verb
-
estimate
,
estimating
,
estimates
,
estimated
to
form
a
rough
idea
of
the
size
,
amount
,
cost
,
or
value
of
something
without
knowing
the
exact
number
β’
The
female
architect
estimated
that
the
new
bridge
would
cost
two
million
dollars
.
The
female
architect
estimated
that
the
new
bridge
would
cost
two
million
dollars
.
β’
Scientists
estimate
the
dinosaur
was
as
long
as
a
school
bus
.
Scientists
estimate
the
dinosaur
was
as
long
as
a
school
bus
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
aestimare
meaning
β
to
value
,
appraise
.β
noun
a
rough
calculation
or
judgment
of
the
size
,
amount
,
cost
,
or
value
of
something
β’
Her
rough
estimate
put
the
journey
at
20
kilometers
.
Her
rough
estimate
put
the
journey
at
20
kilometers
.
β’
According
to
the
latest
estimate
,
the
city
β
s
population
has
doubled
.
According
to
the
latest
estimate
,
the
city
β
s
population
has
doubled
.
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
that
tells
you
how
much
a
job
or
service
will
probably
cost
β’
The
mechanic
gave
us
an
estimate
before
fixing
the
engine
.
The
mechanic
gave
us
an
estimate
before
fixing
the
engine
.
β’
Get
three
different
estimates
before
choosing
a
moving
company
.
Get
three
different
estimates
before
choosing
a
moving
company
.
estate
noun
a
large
area
of
land
,
often
with
a
grand
house
,
owned
and
managed
by
one
person
,
family
,
or
organization
β’
The
billionaire
purchased
a
sprawling
mountain
estate
overlooking
a
crystal-blue
lake
.
The
billionaire
purchased
a
sprawling
mountain
estate
overlooking
a
crystal-blue
lake
.
β’
Visitors
can
tour
the
historic
estate
and
its
manicured
rose
gardens
every
weekend
.
Visitors
can
tour
the
historic
estate
and
its
manicured
rose
gardens
every
weekend
.
From
Middle
English
β
estat
β,
borrowed
from
Old
French
β
estat
,
estΓ’t
β,
ultimately
from
Latin
β
status
β
meaning
β
state
,
condition
β.
noun
a
planned
group
of
houses
or
flats
built
together
as
one
neighbourhood
β’
They
moved
into
a
new
flat
on
the
Redhill
estate
just
outside
London
.
They
moved
into
a
new
flat
on
the
Redhill
estate
just
outside
London
.
β’
The
estate
was
designed
with
plenty
of
green
spaces
for
children
to
play
.
The
estate
was
designed
with
plenty
of
green
spaces
for
children
to
play
.
Housing
sense
arose
in
20th-century
British
English
from
the
idea
of
a
planned
β
estate
β
of
buildings
.
noun
all
the
money
,
property
,
and
possessions
that
someone
owns
,
especially
everything
left
after
they
die
β’
After
her
uncle
passed
away
,
Maria
inherited
his
entire
estate
.
After
her
uncle
passed
away
,
Maria
inherited
his
entire
estate
.
β’
The
executor
is
responsible
for
settling
the
estate
and
paying
outstanding
debts
.
The
executor
is
responsible
for
settling
the
estate
and
paying
outstanding
debts
.
Sense
developed
by
extension
from
β
state
or
condition
β
to
the
total
property
a
person
is
in
possession
of
.
noun
a
car
with
an
extended
rear
section
that
provides
extra
space
for
luggage
;
a
station
wagon
β’
They
folded
down
the
seats
of
their
estate
to
fit
the
bicycles
inside
.
They
folded
down
the
seats
of
their
estate
to
fit
the
bicycles
inside
.
β’
He
prefers
driving
an
estate
because
of
its
large
boot
and
smooth
ride
.
He
prefers
driving
an
estate
because
of
its
large
boot
and
smooth
ride
.
Adopted
in
British
English
in
the
1950s
because
the
style
of
car
was
practical
for
transporting
luggage
on
country
estates
.
noun
one
of
the
major
social
or
political
classes
into
which
people
were
formerly
divided
,
such
as
clergy
,
nobility
,
or
commoners
β’
In
medieval
France
,
the
clergy
composed
the
first
estate
.
In
medieval
France
,
the
clergy
composed
the
first
estate
.
β’
The
Third
estate
represented
commoners
during
the
French
Revolution
.
The
Third
estate
represented
commoners
during
the
French
Revolution
.
From
the
Latin
β
status
β
through
Old
French
β
estat
β,
meaning
social
or
legal
standing
,
later
used
for
the
three
β
estates
β
of
medieval
society
.
eliminate
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
completely
remove
something
that
is
not
needed
or
wanted
β’
The
new
filter
eliminates
harmful
bacteria
from
the
water
.
The
new
filter
eliminates
harmful
bacteria
from
the
water
.
β’
Regular
exercise
can
eliminate
stress
and
boost
your
mood
.
Regular
exercise
can
eliminate
stress
and
boost
your
mood
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
eliminare
β
to
turn
out
of
doors
,
banish
,β
from
e-
(β
out
β)
+
limen
(β
threshold
β).
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
defeat
an
opponent
so
that
they
are
no
longer
in
a
competition
β’
Spain
eliminated
Germany
in
the
quarter-finals
.
Spain
eliminated
Germany
in
the
quarter-finals
.
β’
One
wrong
answer
will
eliminate
you
from
the
quiz
show
.
One
wrong
answer
will
eliminate
you
from
the
quiz
show
.
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
to
deliberately
kill
or
neutralize
a
target
,
especially
in
military
or
spy
contexts
β’
The
general
gave
orders
to
eliminate
the
threat
before
dawn
.
The
general
gave
orders
to
eliminate
the
threat
before
dawn
.
β’
The
spy
was
sent
to
eliminate
the
double
agent
.
The
spy
was
sent
to
eliminate
the
double
agent
.
verb
-
eliminate
,
eliminating
,
eliminates
,
eliminated
(
mathematics
)
to
remove
a
variable
from
an
equation
or
set
of
equations
β’
First
,
eliminate
x
by
adding
the
two
equations
together
.
First
,
eliminate
x
by
adding
the
two
equations
together
.
β’
We
can
eliminate
the
fraction
by
multiplying
both
sides
by
4
.
We
can
eliminate
the
fraction
by
multiplying
both
sides
by
4
.
separate
adjective
not
joined
,
connected
,
or
combined
with
something
else
β’
They
keep
work
and
family
life
in
separate
calendars
.
They
keep
work
and
family
life
in
separate
calendars
.
β’
The
campsite
offers
separate
showers
for
men
and
women
.
The
campsite
offers
separate
showers
for
men
and
women
.
Adjective
pronunciation
reduced
to
/ΛseprΙt/
by
the
mid-18th
century
as
stress
shifted
.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
move
or
divide
people
or
things
so
they
are
no
longer
together
β’
The
librarian
separated
the
old
magazines
from
the
new
ones
.
The
librarian
separated
the
old
magazines
from
the
new
ones
.
β’
After
the
school
fight
,
a
male
teacher
quickly
separated
the
two
boys
.
After
the
school
fight
,
a
male
teacher
quickly
separated
the
two
boys
.
From
Latin
separare
β
to
put
apart
,
divide
β,
from
se-
β
apart
β
+
parare
β
to
prepare
β.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
stop
living
together
as
a
married
or
romantic
couple
β’
After
ten
years
of
marriage
,
they
decided
to
separate
but
remain
friends
.
After
ten
years
of
marriage
,
they
decided
to
separate
but
remain
friends
.
β’
My
aunt
and
uncle
separated
last
spring
and
now
live
in
different
cities
.
My
aunt
and
uncle
separated
last
spring
and
now
live
in
different
cities
.
Sense
developed
from
general
meaning
of
β
move
apart
β
in
the
early
17th
century
.
verb
-
separate
,
separating
,
separates
,
separated
to
recognise
and
treat
two
or
more
things
as
different
β’
It
can
be
hard
to
separate
fact
from
opinion
on
social
media
.
It
can
be
hard
to
separate
fact
from
opinion
on
social
media
.
β’
Experienced
tasters
can
easily
separate
the
flavors
of
chocolate
and
coffee
in
this
dessert
.
Experienced
tasters
can
easily
separate
the
flavors
of
chocolate
and
coffee
in
this
dessert
.
Logical
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
alongside
advances
in
science
and
philosophy
.
noun
a
piece
of
clothing
,
such
as
a
skirt
or
jacket
,
that
is
designed
to
be
worn
with
others
rather
than
as
part
of
a
fixed
suit
β’
She
bought
a
linen
separate
that
pairs
well
with
many
blouses
.
She
bought
a
linen
separate
that
pairs
well
with
many
blouses
.
β’
These
wool
separates
are
perfect
for
building
a
winter
wardrobe
.
These
wool
separates
are
perfect
for
building
a
winter
wardrobe
.
Noun
use
for
mix-and-match
garments
began
in
the
1940s
fashion
industry
.
evaluate
verb
-
evaluate
,
evaluating
,
evaluates
,
evaluated
(
mathematics
)
to
calculate
the
exact
numerical
value
of
an
expression
or
formula
β’
The
students
were
asked
to
evaluate
3
+
4
Γ
2
during
the
quiz
.
The
students
were
asked
to
evaluate
3
+
4
Γ
2
during
the
quiz
.
β’
Using
her
calculator
,
Maya
quickly
evaluated
the
square
root
of
144
.
Using
her
calculator
,
Maya
quickly
evaluated
the
square
root
of
144
.
same
origin
as
the
general
sense
,
adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
-
evaluate
,
evaluating
,
evaluates
,
evaluated
to
think
carefully
about
something
and
decide
how
good
,
useful
,
or
important
it
is
β’
The
hiring
manager
took
time
to
evaluate
each
candidate's
resume
.
The
hiring
manager
took
time
to
evaluate
each
candidate's
resume
.
β’
Before
buying
the
old
house
,
the
couple
hired
an
inspector
to
evaluate
its
condition
.
Before
buying
the
old
house
,
the
couple
hired
an
inspector
to
evaluate
its
condition
.
mid-19th
century
,
from
Latin
β
valere
β
meaning
β
be
worth
β
with
the
prefix
β
e-
β (
out
)
and
suffix
β
-ate
β.
immediate
adjective
happening
or
done
without
any
delay
β’
The
nurse
called
for
immediate
help
when
the
patient's
pulse
dropped
.
The
nurse
called
for
immediate
help
when
the
patient's
pulse
dropped
.
β’
The
company
issued
an
immediate
recall
of
the
faulty
toys
.
The
company
issued
an
immediate
recall
of
the
faulty
toys
.
adjective
nearest
in
time
,
space
,
or
relationship
;
next
β’
Only
close
relatives
like
parents
and
children
are
considered
your
immediate
family
.
Only
close
relatives
like
parents
and
children
are
considered
your
immediate
family
.
β’
The
playground
is
in
the
immediate
area
behind
the
school
.
The
playground
is
in
the
immediate
area
behind
the
school
.
adjective
without
anything
or
anyone
coming
in
between
;
direct
β’
Poor
wiring
was
the
immediate
cause
of
the
fire
.
Poor
wiring
was
the
immediate
cause
of
the
fire
.
β’
I
report
to
my
immediate
supervisor
if
there's
an
issue
.
I
report
to
my
immediate
supervisor
if
there's
an
issue
.
gate
noun
a
movable
structure
in
a
fence
,
wall
,
or
entrance
that
can
be
opened
or
closed
to
let
people
or
vehicles
pass
.
β’
Please
shut
the
gate
so
the
sheep
do
not
escape
.
Please
shut
the
gate
so
the
sheep
do
not
escape
.
β’
The
old
iron
gate
creaked
as
the
wind
blew
through
the
cemetery
.
The
old
iron
gate
creaked
as
the
wind
blew
through
the
cemetery
.
Old
English
β
gæt
β
meaning
an
opening
or
passage
,
related
to
Old
Norse
β
gat
β
meaning
gap
.
noun
a
numbered
area
in
an
airport
terminal
where
passengers
board
or
leave
an
aircraft
.
β’
Our
flight
leaves
from
gate
22B
at
three
o
β
clock
.
Our
flight
leaves
from
gate
22B
at
three
o
β
clock
.
β’
The
airline
changed
the
boarding
gate
just
ten
minutes
before
departure
.
The
airline
changed
the
boarding
gate
just
ten
minutes
before
departure
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
an
opening
or
entrance
,
first
used
in
aviation
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
noun
the
number
of
spectators
,
or
the
money
earned
from
their
tickets
,
at
a
sports
event
.
β’
The
championship
final
drew
a
record
gate
of
sixty
thousand
fans
.
The
championship
final
drew
a
record
gate
of
sixty
thousand
fans
.
β’
Thanks
to
the
high
gate
,
the
club
could
afford
new
training
facilities
.
Thanks
to
the
high
gate
,
the
club
could
afford
new
training
facilities
.
First
used
in
early
20th-century
sports
writing
,
from
spectators
passing
through
the
stadium
gate
.
noun
a
pair
of
poles
or
markers
on
a
ski
or
snowboard
course
that
racers
must
pass
between
.
β’
The
skier
missed
the
last
gate
and
was
disqualified
.
The
skier
missed
the
last
gate
and
was
disqualified
.
β’
Officials
reset
the
gate
positions
after
fresh
snow
fell
overnight
.
Officials
reset
the
gate
positions
after
fresh
snow
fell
overnight
.
Borrowed
from
the
idea
of
passing
through
an
opening
,
applied
to
skiing
in
the
1930s
.
noun
a
digital
circuit
that
carries
out
a
simple
logical
operation
such
as
AND
,
OR
,
or
NOT
.
β’
An
AND
gate
outputs
1
only
when
both
inputs
are
1
.
An
AND
gate
outputs
1
only
when
both
inputs
are
1
.
β’
Designers
combined
several
gates
to
build
the
calculator
β
s
processor
.
Designers
combined
several
gates
to
build
the
calculator
β
s
processor
.
From
earlier
electronic
β
gate
β
meaning
a
device
that
opens
or
closes
the
path
of
a
signal
,
applied
to
logic
circuits
in
the
1940s
.
verb
-
gate
,
gating
,
gates
,
gated
to
punish
a
student
by
not
allowing
them
to
leave
the
school
or
campus
for
a
period
of
time
.
β’
The
headteacher
gated
Liam
for
a
week
after
he
broke
curfew
.
The
headteacher
gated
Liam
for
a
week
after
he
broke
curfew
.
β’
If
you
skip
assembly
again
,
they
will
gate
you
over
the
weekend
.
If
you
skip
assembly
again
,
they
will
gate
you
over
the
weekend
.
Originally
British
public-school
slang
from
the
19th
century
,
referring
to
closing
the
school
gate
on
a
student
.
noun
the
control
terminal
of
a
field-effect
transistor
or
similar
device
that
regulates
the
flow
of
current
.
β’
Applying
a
small
voltage
to
the
gate
turns
the
MOSFET
on
.
Applying
a
small
voltage
to
the
gate
turns
the
MOSFET
on
.
β’
Static
electricity
can
easily
damage
the
delicate
gate
oxide
.
Static
electricity
can
easily
damage
the
delicate
gate
oxide
.
Adopted
by
electrical
engineers
in
the
1920sβ1930s
to
describe
the
part
that
β
opens
β
or
β
closes
β
the
path
of
electrons
.
-gate
suffix
added
to
a
word
,
especially
in
journalism
,
to
show
that
something
is
a
scandal
or
controversy
.
β’
The
media
quickly
dubbed
the
email
leak
"
Emailgate
".
The
media
quickly
dubbed
the
email
leak
"
Emailgate
".
β’
Every
minor
political
mishap
now
seems
to
get
a
gate-style
nickname
.
Every
minor
political
mishap
now
seems
to
get
a
gate-style
nickname
.
From
the
1970s
U
.
S
.
Watergate
scandal
;
the
ending
of
the
hotel
β
s
name
became
shorthand
for
later
scandals
.
graduate
noun
a
person
who
has
successfully
completed
a
course
of
study
at
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
and
received
an
official
qualification
β’
On
graduation
day
,
each
graduate
walked
across
the
stage
to
receive
a
diploma
.
On
graduation
day
,
each
graduate
walked
across
the
stage
to
receive
a
diploma
.
β’
The
company
prefers
to
hire
recent
graduates
with
fresh
ideas
.
The
company
prefers
to
hire
recent
graduates
with
fresh
ideas
.
From
Medieval
Latin
graduatus
β
one
who
has
been
promoted
to
a
degree
β,
past
participle
of
graduare
β
to
take
a
degree
β,
from
Latin
gradus
β
step
β.
verb
-
graduate
,
graduating
,
graduates
,
graduated
to
successfully
complete
a
course
of
study
at
a
school
,
college
,
or
university
and
receive
a
degree
or
diploma
β’
She
graduated
from
high
school
last
June
.
She
graduated
from
high
school
last
June
.
β’
If
he
passes
all
his
exams
,
he
will
graduate
next
spring
.
If
he
passes
all
his
exams
,
he
will
graduate
next
spring
.
adjective
relating
to
or
designed
for
students
who
are
studying
for
a
degree
higher
than
a
first
degree
β’
She
is
taking
a
graduate
course
in
economics
.
She
is
taking
a
graduate
course
in
economics
.
β’
Only
graduate
students
can
access
the
advanced
laboratory
.
Only
graduate
students
can
access
the
advanced
laboratory
.
verb
-
graduate
,
graduating
,
graduates
,
graduated
for
a
school
or
university
to
award
a
degree
or
diploma
to
someone
β’
The
university
graduated
over
two
thousand
students
last
year
.
The
university
graduated
over
two
thousand
students
last
year
.
β’
The
medical
school
graduates
new
doctors
each
summer
.
The
medical
school
graduates
new
doctors
each
summer
.
verb
-
graduate
,
graduating
,
graduates
,
graduated
to
change
gradually
from
one
state
,
level
,
or
shade
to
another
β’
The
road
graduates
from
flat
farmland
to
rolling
hills
.
The
road
graduates
from
flat
farmland
to
rolling
hills
.
β’
Colors
graduate
from
deep
blue
at
the
top
to
pale
green
at
the
bottom
of
the
painting
.
Colors
graduate
from
deep
blue
at
the
top
to
pale
green
at
the
bottom
of
the
painting
.
verb
-
graduate
,
graduating
,
graduates
,
graduated
to
mark
a
container
or
instrument
with
a
series
of
lines
to
show
units
of
measurement
β’
The
technician
graduated
the
test
tube
to
measure
precise
amounts
.
The
technician
graduated
the
test
tube
to
measure
precise
amounts
.
β’
Workers
graduate
the
glass
flask
in
ten-milliliter
intervals
.
Workers
graduate
the
glass
flask
in
ten-milliliter
intervals
.
noun
a
glass
or
plastic
measuring
vessel
with
marked
lines
,
used
especially
in
laboratories
for
liquid
volumes
β’
Pour
the
solution
into
the
graduate
to
check
its
volume
.
Pour
the
solution
into
the
graduate
to
check
its
volume
.
β’
The
lab
assistant
washed
every
graduate
after
the
experiment
.
The
lab
assistant
washed
every
graduate
after
the
experiment
.
approximately
adverb
close
to
a
particular
number
,
amount
,
time
,
or
quantity
but
not
exactly
β’
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
β’
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
From
Latin
approximatus
,
past
participle
of
appropiare
β
to
come
nearer
,β
with
the
adverbial
suffix
βly
added
to
approximate
.
communicate
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
to
share
or
exchange
information
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
with
someone
by
speaking
,
writing
,
or
using
other
signals
β’
Even
though
they
spoke
different
languages
,
the
hikers
used
gestures
to
communicate
their
need
for
help
.
Even
though
they
spoke
different
languages
,
the
hikers
used
gestures
to
communicate
their
need
for
help
.
β’
Parents
should
openly
communicate
with
their
children
about
safety
.
Parents
should
openly
communicate
with
their
children
about
safety
.
From
Latin
communicare
meaning
β
to
share
β
or
β
make
common
.β
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
to
make
an
idea
,
feeling
,
or
quality
understood
by
others
;
convey
β’
The
artist
β
s
painting
communicates
a
powerful
sense
of
hope
.
The
artist
β
s
painting
communicates
a
powerful
sense
of
hope
.
β’
Her
nervous
smile
communicated
that
she
was
uncomfortable
.
Her
nervous
smile
communicated
that
she
was
uncomfortable
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Latin
communicare
,
but
this
figurative
use
developed
in
Early
Modern
English
.
verb
-
communicate
,
communicating
,
communicates
,
communicated
(
formal
)
for
rooms
,
passages
,
or
parts
of
the
body
to
be
directly
connected
so
that
people
or
substances
can
pass
between
them
β’
The
two
rooms
communicate
through
a
sliding
glass
door
.
The
two
rooms
communicate
through
a
sliding
glass
door
.
β’
The
balcony
communicates
with
the
garden
via
a
spiral
staircase
.
The
balcony
communicates
with
the
garden
via
a
spiral
staircase
.
Architectural
and
medical
senses
grew
from
the
idea
of
β
sharing
a
common
opening
β
in
17th-century
technical
writing
.
coat
verb
-
coat
,
coating
,
coats
,
coated
to
cover
something
with
a
thin
layer
of
a
substance
β’
Roll
the
chicken
in
flour
to
coat
it
evenly
before
frying
.
Roll
the
chicken
in
flour
to
coat
it
evenly
before
frying
.
β’
The
roads
were
coated
with
ice
after
the
freezing
rain
.
The
roads
were
coated
with
ice
after
the
freezing
rain
.
From
the
noun
β
coat
β,
meaning
to
put
a
coat
(
covering
)
on
something
.
accurate
adjective
free
from
mistakes
or
errors
;
exactly
correct
or
true
β’
Make
sure
the
numbers
in
the
report
are
accurate
before
you
send
it
.
Make
sure
the
numbers
in
the
report
are
accurate
before
you
send
it
.
β’
The
weather
forecast
was
surprisingly
accurate
today
.
The
weather
forecast
was
surprisingly
accurate
today
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Latin
accuratus
β
done
with
care
β,
past
participle
of
accurare
β
take
care
of
β.
adjective
able
to
hit
or
reach
a
target
or
goal
exactly
;
not
missing
the
intended
point
β’
The
archer
β
s
shot
was
accurate
and
hit
the
bullseye
.
The
archer
β
s
shot
was
accurate
and
hit
the
bullseye
.
β’
He
threw
an
accurate
pass
that
reached
his
teammate
in
stride
.
He
threw
an
accurate
pass
that
reached
his
teammate
in
stride
.
dominate
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
have
power
and
control
over
someone
or
something
β’
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
Throughout
history
,
powerful
kingdoms
have
dominated
smaller
neighbors
.
β’
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
The
tech
giant
dominates
the
global
smartphone
market
.
from
Latin
dominari
β
to
rule
,
govern
,β
from
dominus
β
master
.β
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
be
the
most
noticeable
or
important
feature
of
something
β’
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
cafΓ©
.
Bright
murals
dominate
the
walls
of
the
cafΓ©
.
β’
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
One
big
topic
dominated
the
entire
conversation
:
climate
change
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
rise
high
above
and
seem
to
rule
the
area
around
β’
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
Snow-capped
mountains
dominate
the
horizon
.
β’
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
A
lone
pine
tree
dominates
the
open
meadow
.
verb
-
dominate
,
dominating
,
dominates
,
dominated
to
play
or
compete
much
better
than
an
opponent
,
winning
easily
β’
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
Our
basketball
team
dominated
the
game
from
start
to
finish
.
β’
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
The
champion
sprinter
dominates
every
race
she
enters
.
chocolate
noun
a
sweet
brown
food
made
from
roasted
cacao
beans
and
sugar
,
eaten
as
candy
or
used
in
drinks
and
desserts
β’
After
dinner
,
Emma
treated
herself
to
a
square
of
chocolate
.
After
dinner
,
Emma
treated
herself
to
a
square
of
chocolate
.
β’
The
smell
of
melted
chocolate
drifted
through
the
entire
bakery
.
The
smell
of
melted
chocolate
drifted
through
the
entire
bakery
.
adjective
containing
or
flavored
with
chocolate
β’
She
chose
a
slice
of
chocolate
cake
for
her
birthday
.
She
chose
a
slice
of
chocolate
cake
for
her
birthday
.
β’
The
cafΓ©
serves
the
richest
chocolate
ice
cream
in
town
.
The
cafΓ©
serves
the
richest
chocolate
ice
cream
in
town
.
noun
-
chocolate
a
dark
brown
color
like
that
of
chocolate
candy
β’
The
artist
mixed
red
and
black
paint
to
create
a
deep
chocolate
for
the
tree
trunks
.
The
artist
mixed
red
and
black
paint
to
create
a
deep
chocolate
for
the
tree
trunks
.
β’
They
chose
chocolate
for
the
walls
in
their
living
room
.
They
chose
chocolate
for
the
walls
in
their
living
room
.
illustrate
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
add
pictures
,
drawings
,
or
other
visuals
to
a
text
to
make
it
more
attractive
or
easier
to
understand
β’
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
The
children's
storybook
was
beautifully
illustrated
with
bright
watercolor
paintings
.
β’
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
A
magazine
article
about
ancient
Egypt
was
illustrated
with
detailed
photographs
of
hieroglyphics
.
From
Latin
illustrare
β
make
bright
,
illuminate
,
explain
,
decorate
with
pictures
,β
from
in-
β
in
β
+
lustrare
β
brighten
,
light
up
β.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
explain
or
make
something
clear
by
giving
examples
,
pictures
,
or
comparisons
β’
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
The
teacher
used
a
simple
diagram
to
illustrate
how
the
water
cycle
works
.
β’
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
Let
me
illustrate
my
point
with
a
short
story
about
teamwork
.
verb
-
illustrate
,
illustrating
,
illustrates
,
illustrated
to
show
clearly
that
something
is
true
or
exists
,
often
by
being
a
typical
example
β’
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
This
map
illustrates
just
how
large
the
desert
region
is
.
β’
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
The
sudden
power
outage
illustrated
the
need
for
a
backup
generator
.
ultimate
adjective
coming
at
the
very
end
of
a
series
or
process
;
final
β’
Crossing
the
finish
line
was
the
ultimate
moment
of
the
marathon
for
her
.
Crossing
the
finish
line
was
the
ultimate
moment
of
the
marathon
for
her
.
β’
Passing
the
exam
is
the
ultimate
step
before
becoming
a
doctor
.
Passing
the
exam
is
the
ultimate
step
before
becoming
a
doctor
.
From
Latin
ultimus
β
farthest
,
last
β.
adjective
being
the
best
,
greatest
,
or
most
extreme
of
its
kind
β’
For
many
gamers
,
this
console
is
the
ultimate
machine
.
For
many
gamers
,
this
console
is
the
ultimate
machine
.
β’
They
booked
the
ultimate
luxury
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
.
They
booked
the
ultimate
luxury
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
.
adjective
relating
to
the
most
basic
or
fundamental
reason
,
fact
,
or
level
β’
Greed
was
the
ultimate
cause
of
the
collapse
.
Greed
was
the
ultimate
cause
of
the
collapse
.
β’
Scientists
search
for
the
ultimate
truth
about
the
universe
.
Scientists
search
for
the
ultimate
truth
about
the
universe
.
noun
the
best
or
most
extreme
example
of
something
β’
For
her
,
Paris
in
spring
is
the
ultimate
.
For
her
,
Paris
in
spring
is
the
ultimate
.
β’
The
hotel
claims
its
spa
is
the
ultimate
in
relaxation
.
The
hotel
claims
its
spa
is
the
ultimate
in
relaxation
.
Ultimate
noun
-
Ultimate
a
fast-paced
team
sport
played
with
a
flying
disc
,
officially
called
ultimate
frisbee
β’
Every
Saturday
,
we
play
Ultimate
in
the
park
.
Every
Saturday
,
we
play
Ultimate
in
the
park
.
β’
She
joined
the
university
Ultimate
team
.
She
joined
the
university
Ultimate
team
.
Shortened
from
the
full
name
β
ultimate
frisbee
,β
first
played
in
the
late
1960s
in
the
United
States
.
complicated
adjective
having
many
parts
,
details
,
or
steps
,
so
it
is
hard
to
understand
or
do
β’
The
math
problem
was
so
complicated
that
none
of
the
students
could
solve
it
.
The
math
problem
was
so
complicated
that
none
of
the
students
could
solve
it
.
β’
She
showed
me
a
complicated
diagram
of
the
new
machine
.
She
showed
me
a
complicated
diagram
of
the
new
machine
.
From
Latin
β
complicatus
β,
past
participle
of
β
complicare
β
meaning
β
to
fold
together
β.
verb
-
complicate
,
complicating
,
complicates
,
complicated
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
complicate
β’
The
sudden
rain
complicated
our
picnic
plans
.
The
sudden
rain
complicated
our
picnic
plans
.
β’
His
lies
complicated
the
investigation
.
His
lies
complicated
the
investigation
.
adjective
(
medical
)
made
worse
or
more
serious
by
additional
medical
problems
β’
The
patient
developed
a
complicated
infection
after
surgery
.
The
patient
developed
a
complicated
infection
after
surgery
.
β’
It
was
a
complicated
fracture
that
required
metal
plates
.
It
was
a
complicated
fracture
that
required
metal
plates
.
violate
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
break
or
fail
to
follow
a
law
,
rule
,
or
agreement
β’
The
company
violated
safety
regulations
by
ignoring
the
warning
signs
.
The
company
violated
safety
regulations
by
ignoring
the
warning
signs
.
β’
Drivers
who
violate
the
speed
limit
face
heavy
fines
.
Drivers
who
violate
the
speed
limit
face
heavy
fines
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
violΔre
β
to
injure
,
outrage
,
dishonor
,β
from
violentus
β
violent
.β
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
damage
or
show
no
respect
for
something
considered
sacred
,
private
,
or
important
β’
Tourists
were
fined
for
violating
the
temple
by
carving
their
names
on
the
ancient
walls
.
Tourists
were
fined
for
violating
the
temple
by
carving
their
names
on
the
ancient
walls
.
β’
Playing
loud
music
late
at
night
violates
the
peaceful
atmosphere
of
the
library
.
Playing
loud
music
late
at
night
violates
the
peaceful
atmosphere
of
the
library
.
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
interfere
with
or
harm
someone
β
s
rights
,
freedom
,
or
privacy
β’
Publishing
the
victim's
address
online
violates
her
right
to
privacy
.
Publishing
the
victim's
address
online
violates
her
right
to
privacy
.
β’
Spying
on
citizens
without
a
warrant
violates
civil
liberties
.
Spying
on
citizens
without
a
warrant
violates
civil
liberties
.
verb
-
violate
,
violating
,
violates
,
violated
to
force
someone
to
have
sexual
contact
against
their
will
;
to
rape
β’
The
judge
handed
down
a
long
prison
sentence
to
the
man
who
had
violated
the
teenager
.
The
judge
handed
down
a
long
prison
sentence
to
the
man
who
had
violated
the
teenager
.
β’
News
reports
said
the
suspect
violated
several
women
over
a
period
of
years
.
News
reports
said
the
suspect
violated
several
women
over
a
period
of
years
.
advocate
noun
a
person
who
publicly
supports
or
speaks
in
favor
of
a
particular
cause
,
idea
,
or
group
β’
The
charity
hired
a
legal
advocate
to
defend
the
rights
of
homeless
people
.
The
charity
hired
a
legal
advocate
to
defend
the
rights
of
homeless
people
.
β’
As
a
mental-health
advocate
,
she
organizes
free
counseling
workshops
for
teenagers
.
As
a
mental-health
advocate
,
she
organizes
free
counseling
workshops
for
teenagers
.
verb
-
advocate
,
advocating
,
advocates
,
advocated
to
publicly
recommend
or
support
a
particular
policy
,
idea
,
or
way
of
doing
things
β’
Scientists
advocate
reducing
carbon
emissions
to
slow
climate
change
.
Scientists
advocate
reducing
carbon
emissions
to
slow
climate
change
.
β’
The
doctor
advocated
regular
exercise
to
improve
her
patient
β
s
heart
health
.
The
doctor
advocated
regular
exercise
to
improve
her
patient
β
s
heart
health
.
noun
in
Scotland
and
some
other
legal
systems
,
a
lawyer
who
is
qualified
to
represent
clients
in
the
higher
courts
β’
The
advocate
addressed
the
judges
of
the
Court
of
Session
in
Edinburgh
.
The
advocate
addressed
the
judges
of
the
Court
of
Session
in
Edinburgh
.
β’
Before
becoming
an
advocate
,
she
completed
a
rigorous
apprenticeship
known
as
devilling
.
Before
becoming
an
advocate
,
she
completed
a
rigorous
apprenticeship
known
as
devilling
.
related
adjective
connected
or
linked
to
something
else
β’
The
questions
in
section
two
are
directly
related
to
the
article
you
just
read
.
The
questions
in
section
two
are
directly
related
to
the
article
you
just
read
.
β’
All
the
cables
related
to
the
sound
system
are
labeled
in
red
.
All
the
cables
related
to
the
sound
system
are
labeled
in
red
.
adjective
belonging
to
the
same
family
by
blood
or
marriage
β’
Are
you
related
to
that
famous
actor
?
Are
you
related
to
that
famous
actor
?
β’
Even
though
we
share
the
same
last
name
,
we
are
not
related
.
Even
though
we
share
the
same
last
name
,
we
are
not
related
.
verb
-
relate
,
relating
,
relates
,
related
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
relate
β’
The
witness
related
every
detail
of
the
accident
to
the
police
.
The
witness
related
every
detail
of
the
accident
to
the
police
.
β’
Grandfather
related
stories
from
his
childhood
by
the
fire
.
Grandfather
related
stories
from
his
childhood
by
the
fire
.
translate
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
change
spoken
or
written
words
from
one
language
into
another
β’
Maria
translated
the
Spanish
poem
into
English
for
her
classmates
.
Maria
translated
the
Spanish
poem
into
English
for
her
classmates
.
β’
The
tour
guide
translates
every
announcement
so
foreign
visitors
can
understand
.
The
tour
guide
translates
every
announcement
so
foreign
visitors
can
understand
.
from
Latin
β
translatus
β (
carried
over
,
transferred
),
past
participle
of
β
transferre
β
meaning
β
to
carry
across
β.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
change
something
into
a
different
form
or
make
it
happen
in
a
new
way
β’
The
engineer
translated
the
sketch
into
a
3-D
computer
model
.
The
engineer
translated
the
sketch
into
a
3-D
computer
model
.
β’
Hard
work
translates
his
ideas
into
real
results
.
Hard
work
translates
his
ideas
into
real
results
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
to
be
understood
,
effective
,
or
suitable
when
expressed
in
another
language
or
medium
β’
His
dry
humor
doesn't
translate
well
on
social
media
.
His
dry
humor
doesn't
translate
well
on
social
media
.
β’
The
idiom
translated
poorly
into
French
and
confused
the
students
.
The
idiom
translated
poorly
into
French
and
confused
the
students
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
(
mathematics
)
to
move
a
shape
,
graph
,
or
object
a
certain
distance
in
a
given
direction
without
rotating
it
β’
If
you
translate
the
triangle
three
units
to
the
right
,
its
shape
stays
the
same
.
If
you
translate
the
triangle
three
units
to
the
right
,
its
shape
stays
the
same
.
β’
The
animation
software
translates
the
character
upward
before
the
jump
.
The
animation
software
translates
the
character
upward
before
the
jump
.
verb
-
translate
,
translating
,
translates
,
translated
(
biology
)
to
build
a
protein
by
reading
the
genetic
code
carried
by
messenger
RNA
β’
Ribosomes
translate
mRNA
sequences
into
chains
of
amino
acids
.
Ribosomes
translate
mRNA
sequences
into
chains
of
amino
acids
.
β’
Inside
the
cell
,
the
virus
translates
its
genes
using
the
host
machinery
.
Inside
the
cell
,
the
virus
translates
its
genes
using
the
host
machinery
.
update
verb
-
update
,
updating
,
updates
,
updated
to
change
something
so
it
is
newer
,
more
accurate
,
or
matches
the
latest
information
β’
I
need
to
update
my
phone
β
s
software
to
fix
the
bugs
.
I
need
to
update
my
phone
β
s
software
to
fix
the
bugs
.
β’
The
museum
updated
its
history
exhibit
with
new
artifacts
.
The
museum
updated
its
history
exhibit
with
new
artifacts
.
From
up
+β
date
,
originally
(
1940s
)
in
US
business
jargon
meaning
β
bring
or
bring
someone
up
to
date
β.
verb
-
update
,
updating
,
updates
,
updated
to
give
someone
the
most
recent
news
or
information
β’
Let
me
update
you
on
the
project
status
.
Let
me
update
you
on
the
project
status
.
β’
Our
teacher
updated
us
about
the
schedule
change
.
Our
teacher
updated
us
about
the
schedule
change
.
noun
a
change
or
addition
that
makes
something
more
modern
or
accurate
β’
The
latest
software
update
added
new
emojis
.
The
latest
software
update
added
new
emojis
.
β’
After
the
renovation
,
the
kitchen
got
a
stylish
update
.
After
the
renovation
,
the
kitchen
got
a
stylish
update
.
noun
the
most
recent
piece
of
news
or
information
about
a
situation
β’
Here
is
an
update
on
the
weather
:
the
storm
has
passed
.
Here
is
an
update
on
the
weather
:
the
storm
has
passed
.
β’
The
reporter
gave
a
live
update
from
the
scene
.
The
reporter
gave
a
live
update
from
the
scene
.
incorporate
verb
-
incorporate
,
incorporating
,
incorporates
,
incorporated
to
add
or
mix
one
thing
with
others
so
that
it
becomes
part
of
a
larger
whole
β’
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
incorporate
more
real-life
examples
in
their
essays
.
The
teacher
asked
the
students
to
incorporate
more
real-life
examples
in
their
essays
.
β’
She
incorporated
fresh
herbs
into
the
soup
to
give
it
extra
flavor
.
She
incorporated
fresh
herbs
into
the
soup
to
give
it
extra
flavor
.
From
Latin
incorporare
β
to
form
into
a
body
,β
from
in-
β
into
β
+
corpus
β
body
.β
verb
-
incorporate
,
incorporating
,
incorporates
,
incorporated
to
create
a
legal
corporation
,
or
to
become
one
β’
After
ten
years
as
a
small
shop
,
the
owners
decided
to
incorporate
to
limit
their
personal
liability
.
After
ten
years
as
a
small
shop
,
the
owners
decided
to
incorporate
to
limit
their
personal
liability
.
β’
When
the
startup
incorporates
,
it
will
issue
shares
to
its
founders
.
When
the
startup
incorporates
,
it
will
issue
shares
to
its
founders
.
Same
root
as
general
sense
,
but
specialized
for
business
law
from
18th-century
usage
.
adjective
(
archaic
)
having
no
physical
body
;
not
made
of
matter
β’
In
ancient
legends
,
ghosts
were
described
as
incorporate
beings
that
moved
through
walls
.
In
ancient
legends
,
ghosts
were
described
as
incorporate
beings
that
moved
through
walls
.
β’
The
philosopher
wrote
of
the
soul
as
an
incorporate
essence
unbound
by
flesh
.
The
philosopher
wrote
of
the
soul
as
an
incorporate
essence
unbound
by
flesh
.
From
Latin
incorporatus
β
not
having
a
body
.β
calculate
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
to
use
numbers
,
logic
,
or
a
device
to
find
out
an
exact
amount
,
distance
,
time
,
or
other
answer
β’
The
engineer
used
his
laptop
to
calculate
the
bridge's
load
limit
.
The
engineer
used
his
laptop
to
calculate
the
bridge's
load
limit
.
β’
During
the
maths
quiz
,
Mia
quickly
calculated
the
answer
on
her
calculator
.
During
the
maths
quiz
,
Mia
quickly
calculated
the
answer
on
her
calculator
.
From
Latin
calculΔre
β
to
reckon
,
compute
,β
originally
β
to
use
small
stones
for
counting
,β
from
calculus
β
small
stone
.β
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
to
plan
or
design
something
deliberately
in
order
to
achieve
a
particular
effect
β’
The
politician's
speech
was
calculated
to
win
young
voters'
support
.
The
politician's
speech
was
calculated
to
win
young
voters'
support
.
β’
Her
casual
laugh
seemed
calculated
to
hide
her
nerves
.
Her
casual
laugh
seemed
calculated
to
hide
her
nerves
.
verb
-
calculate
,
calculating
,
calculates
,
calculated
(
informal
)
to
think
,
suppose
,
or
expect
β’
I
calculate
we'll
get
there
before
dark
if
we
leave
now
.
I
calculate
we'll
get
there
before
dark
if
we
leave
now
.
β’
She
calculated
he
wouldn't
dare
argue
with
her
decision
.
She
calculated
he
wouldn't
dare
argue
with
her
decision
.
strategic
adjective
connected
with
planning
and
directing
actions
to
achieve
a
long-term
or
overall
goal
β’
The
company
hired
a
consultant
to
design
a
strategic
roadmap
for
the
next
five
years
.
The
company
hired
a
consultant
to
design
a
strategic
roadmap
for
the
next
five
years
.
β’
Good
teachers
take
a
strategic
approach
when
deciding
how
to
present
difficult
ideas
.
Good
teachers
take
a
strategic
approach
when
deciding
how
to
present
difficult
ideas
.
From
strategy
+β
-ic
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
,
modelling
on
French
stratΓ©gique
.
adjective
relating
to
military
planning
intended
to
secure
a
long-term
advantage
or
deterrence
β’
The
general
emphasized
the
importance
of
modern
strategic
bombers
in
maintaining
national
security
.
The
general
emphasized
the
importance
of
modern
strategic
bombers
in
maintaining
national
security
.
β’
Several
countries
store
strategic
missiles
in
underground
silos
.
Several
countries
store
strategic
missiles
in
underground
silos
.
Adopted
in
military
contexts
from
the
broader
sense
of
strategy
in
the
late
19th
century
.
adjective
done
deliberately
to
gain
an
immediate
or
specific
advantage
β’
Maya
made
a
strategic
pause
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
Maya
made
a
strategic
pause
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
β’
He
placed
the
sample
tray
in
a
strategic
spot
right
by
the
store
entrance
.
He
placed
the
sample
tray
in
a
strategic
spot
right
by
the
store
entrance
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
main
sense
of
strategy
,
first
appearing
in
everyday
English
in
the
mid-20th
century
.
negotiate
verb
-
negotiate
,
negotiating
,
negotiates
,
negotiated
to
discuss
something
with
others
in
order
to
reach
an
agreement
that
satisfies
everyone
involved
β’
The
two
companies
negotiated
a
deal
that
benefited
both
sides
.
The
two
companies
negotiated
a
deal
that
benefited
both
sides
.
β’
After
hours
of
talks
,
the
union
and
management
finally
negotiated
a
new
contract
.
After
hours
of
talks
,
the
union
and
management
finally
negotiated
a
new
contract
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
negotiari
β
to
do
business
,
trade
β,
from
negotium
β
business
,
employment
β (
literally
β
no
leisure
β).
verb
-
negotiate
,
negotiating
,
negotiates
,
negotiated
to
successfully
move
through
,
over
,
or
around
something
difficult
or
complicated
β’
The
hikers
carefully
negotiated
the
narrow
mountain
path
.
The
hikers
carefully
negotiated
the
narrow
mountain
path
.
β’
The
driver
negotiated
the
icy
corner
at
a
very
slow
speed
.
The
driver
negotiated
the
icy
corner
at
a
very
slow
speed
.
Sense
extended
from
the
idea
of
β
dealing
with
β
problems
as
if
they
were
business
matters
.
verb
-
negotiate
,
negotiating
,
negotiates
,
negotiated
to
legally
transfer
or
convert
a
financial
document
such
as
a
check
or
bill
so
that
it
can
be
paid
to
someone
else
or
exchanged
for
cash
β’
The
merchant
quickly
negotiated
the
bill
of
exchange
at
the
bank
.
The
merchant
quickly
negotiated
the
bill
of
exchange
at
the
bank
.
β’
He
negotiated
the
check
to
obtain
immediate
cash
.
He
negotiated
the
check
to
obtain
immediate
cash
.
Specialized
financial
sense
arising
in
the
18th
century
from
earlier
meanings
of
bargaining
and
settlement
.
concentrate
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
subject
or
activity
β’
Please
concentrate
on
the
road
while
you
are
driving
.
Please
concentrate
on
the
road
while
you
are
driving
.
β’
I
can
β
t
concentrate
with
the
television
blaring
in
the
background
.
I
can
β
t
concentrate
with
the
television
blaring
in
the
background
.
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
make
a
liquid
or
substance
thicker
or
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
elements
β’
Boil
the
soup
for
ten
minutes
to
concentrate
its
flavor
.
Boil
the
soup
for
ten
minutes
to
concentrate
its
flavor
.
β’
The
factory
concentrates
orange
juice
before
shipping
it
overseas
.
The
factory
concentrates
orange
juice
before
shipping
it
overseas
.
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
come
together
,
or
cause
people
or
things
to
come
together
,
in
a
particular
place
β’
Protesters
began
to
concentrate
outside
the
city
hall
.
Protesters
began
to
concentrate
outside
the
city
hall
.
β’
We
should
concentrate
our
forces
near
the
bridge
.
We
should
concentrate
our
forces
near
the
bridge
.
noun
a
thick
or
strong
form
of
a
substance
,
especially
food
or
drink
,
made
by
removing
water
β’
Mix
one
part
fruit
concentrate
with
three
parts
water
to
make
juice
.
Mix
one
part
fruit
concentrate
with
three
parts
water
to
make
juice
.
β’
She
bought
tomato
concentrate
to
thicken
the
sauce
.
She
bought
tomato
concentrate
to
thicken
the
sauce
.
noun
the
valuable
material
that
remains
after
unwanted
rock
has
been
removed
from
mined
ore
β’
The
copper
concentrate
was
shipped
overseas
for
smelting
.
The
copper
concentrate
was
shipped
overseas
for
smelting
.
β’
After
processing
,
the
ore
yielded
a
gold
concentrate
ready
for
refining
.
After
processing
,
the
ore
yielded
a
gold
concentrate
ready
for
refining
.
fate
noun
the
mysterious
power
that
is
believed
to
control
everything
that
happens
,
so
that
people
cannot
change
it
β’
After
years
of
hard
work
,
she
felt
it
was
her
fate
to
succeed
.
After
years
of
hard
work
,
she
felt
it
was
her
fate
to
succeed
.
β’
The
sailors
prayed
to
the
stars
,
hoping
fate
would
guide
them
home
safely
.
The
sailors
prayed
to
the
stars
,
hoping
fate
would
guide
them
home
safely
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
fatum
β
that
which
has
been
spoken
,
decree
of
the
gods
β,
from
fari
β
speak
β.
noun
the
particular
future
or
end
that
happens
to
a
person
or
thing
,
especially
something
unpleasant
or
final
β’
Many
soldiers
shared
the
same
tragic
fate
on
the
battlefield
.
Many
soldiers
shared
the
same
tragic
fate
on
the
battlefield
.
β’
The
abandoned
house
met
its
fate
when
lightning
set
it
on
fire
.
The
abandoned
house
met
its
fate
when
lightning
set
it
on
fire
.
verb
-
fate
,
fating
,
fates
,
fated
to
decide
or
control
what
will
happen
to
someone
or
something
in
the
future
β’
The
prophecy
fated
the
prince
to
rule
a
united
kingdom
.
The
prophecy
fated
the
prince
to
rule
a
united
kingdom
.
β’
Their
careless
actions
fated
the
project
to
fail
.
Their
careless
actions
fated
the
project
to
fail
.
satellite
noun
a
human-made
object
sent
into
space
that
continually
orbits
Earth
or
another
heavenly
body
to
gather
information
or
relay
signals
β’
The
weather
satellite
took
clear
photos
of
the
approaching
hurricane
.
The
weather
satellite
took
clear
photos
of
the
approaching
hurricane
.
β’
Engineers
launched
a
new
communications
satellite
into
orbit
last
night
.
Engineers
launched
a
new
communications
satellite
into
orbit
last
night
.
noun
a
natural
object
,
such
as
the
Moon
,
that
moves
around
a
planet
β’
The
Moon
is
Earth
β
s
only
natural
satellite
.
The
Moon
is
Earth
β
s
only
natural
satellite
.
β’
Jupiter
has
more
than
seventy
known
satellites
circling
it
.
Jupiter
has
more
than
seventy
known
satellites
circling
it
.
noun
a
country
,
town
,
office
,
or
organization
that
is
controlled
by
or
depends
on
a
larger
and
more
powerful
one
β’
During
the
Cold
War
,
Poland
was
a
satellite
of
the
Soviet
Union
.
During
the
Cold
War
,
Poland
was
a
satellite
of
the
Soviet
Union
.
β’
Many
commuters
live
in
a
satellite
town
outside
the
capital
city
.
Many
commuters
live
in
a
satellite
town
outside
the
capital
city
.
adjective
relating
to
or
using
artificial
satellites
,
especially
for
sending
or
receiving
signals
β’
They
watched
the
soccer
final
on
satellite
TV
.
They
watched
the
soccer
final
on
satellite
TV
.
β’
A
large
satellite
dish
stood
on
the
roof
of
the
news
station
.
A
large
satellite
dish
stood
on
the
roof
of
the
news
station
.
educate
verb
-
educate
,
educating
,
educates
,
educated
to
give
someone
knowledge
or
skills
,
especially
through
teaching
in
schools
or
other
formal
settings
β’
The
new
teacher
used
songs
to
educate
her
students
about
grammar
.
The
new
teacher
used
songs
to
educate
her
students
about
grammar
.
β’
Parents
trust
schools
to
educate
their
children
for
the
future
.
Parents
trust
schools
to
educate
their
children
for
the
future
.
Mid-16th
century
from
Latin
educare
β
bring
up
,
rear
,
train
β
verb
-
educate
,
educating
,
educates
,
educated
to
give
people
information
so
they
understand
an
issue
and
can
make
informed
decisions
β’
The
documentary
seeks
to
educate
viewers
about
climate
change
.
The
documentary
seeks
to
educate
viewers
about
climate
change
.
β’
Health
officials
launched
a
campaign
to
educate
the
public
on
handwashing
.
Health
officials
launched
a
campaign
to
educate
the
public
on
handwashing
.
verb
-
educate
,
educating
,
educates
,
educated
to
develop
or
refine
someone
β
s
taste
,
judgment
,
or
senses
through
experience
or
training
β’
The
chef
hoped
to
educate
diners'
palates
with
new
flavors
.
The
chef
hoped
to
educate
diners'
palates
with
new
flavors
.
β’
An
experienced
collector
can
educate
your
eye
to
spot
genuine
antiques
.
An
experienced
collector
can
educate
your
eye
to
spot
genuine
antiques
.
defeat
verb
to
win
a
victory
over
someone
or
something
in
a
contest
,
battle
,
game
,
or
struggle
β’
Our
team
finally
defeated
last
year's
champions
.
Our
team
finally
defeated
last
year's
champions
.
β’
The
computer
program
easily
defeated
the
human
chess
master
.
The
computer
program
easily
defeated
the
human
chess
master
.
From
Old
French
"
desfete
",
past
participle
of
"
desfaire
" (β
to
undo
,
ruin
β),
from
Latin
"
dis-
"
+
"
facere
" (β
to
do
,
make
β).
desperate
adjective
feeling
or
showing
a
loss
of
all
hope
β’
After
months
without
work
,
he
felt
desperate
and
alone
.
After
months
without
work
,
he
felt
desperate
and
alone
.
β’
The
lost
hikers
grew
desperate
when
their
water
ran
out
.
The
lost
hikers
grew
desperate
when
their
water
ran
out
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
"
desperatus
,"
past
participle
of
"
desperare
"
meaning
β
to
lose
hope
.β
adjective
needing
or
wanting
something
so
much
that
you
will
try
almost
anything
to
get
it
β’
I'm
desperate
for
a
cup
of
coffee
this
morning
.
I'm
desperate
for
a
cup
of
coffee
this
morning
.
β’
The
plants
were
desperate
for
rain
after
the
long
drought
.
The
plants
were
desperate
for
rain
after
the
long
drought
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
β
desperare
,β
but
figurative
use
for
strong
need
developed
in
the
19th
century
.
adjective
(
of
an
action
)
showing
reckless
determination
because
all
other
options
seem
to
have
failed
β’
In
a
desperate
bid
to
win
,
the
runner
sprinted
despite
his
injury
.
In
a
desperate
bid
to
win
,
the
runner
sprinted
despite
his
injury
.
β’
The
doctor
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
restart
the
patient's
heart
.
The
doctor
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
restart
the
patient's
heart
.
Sense
extended
in
the
17th
century
to
actions
taken
when
hope
is
lost
.
legitimate
adjective
allowed
by
law
or
by
official
rules
β’
The
police
needed
a
legitimate
reason
to
search
the
house
.
The
police
needed
a
legitimate
reason
to
search
the
house
.
β’
Only
legitimate
businesses
can
apply
for
the
city
grant
.
Only
legitimate
businesses
can
apply
for
the
city
grant
.
From
Late
Latin
legitimatus
,
past
participle
of
legitimare
β
to
make
lawful
β,
from
Latin
legitimus
β
lawful
,β
from
lex
β
law
.β
adjective
reasonable
and
acceptable
β’
It's
a
legitimate
concern
that
the
project
might
run
over
budget
.
It's
a
legitimate
concern
that
the
project
might
run
over
budget
.
β’
The
teacher
gave
a
legitimate
extension
after
the
storm
cut
the
power
.
The
teacher
gave
a
legitimate
extension
after
the
storm
cut
the
power
.
adjective
born
to
parents
who
are
legally
married
to
each
other
β’
As
a
legitimate
heir
,
she
inherited
the
family
estate
.
As
a
legitimate
heir
,
she
inherited
the
family
estate
.
β’
In
the
past
,
only
legitimate
children
could
claim
the
throne
.
In
the
past
,
only
legitimate
children
could
claim
the
throne
.
verb
-
legitimate
,
legitimating
,
legitimates
,
legitimated
to
make
something
lawful
,
acceptable
,
or
officially
recognized
β’
The
vote
will
legitimate
the
committee's
decision
.
The
vote
will
legitimate
the
committee's
decision
.
β’
A
new
law
legitimated
the
small
businesses
operating
from
home
.
A
new
law
legitimated
the
small
businesses
operating
from
home
.
repeatedly
adverb
many
times
,
or
again
and
again
β’
The
woodpecker
pecked
at
the
tree
repeatedly
,
filling
the
forest
with
sharp
tapping
sounds
.
The
woodpecker
pecked
at
the
tree
repeatedly
,
filling
the
forest
with
sharp
tapping
sounds
.
β’
Mia
pressed
the
call
button
repeatedly
on
her
phone
,
worried
when
her
best
friend
didn
β
t
answer
.
Mia
pressed
the
call
button
repeatedly
on
her
phone
,
worried
when
her
best
friend
didn
β
t
answer
.
Formed
from
the
adjective
β
repeated
β
+
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
β;
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
late
15th
century
.
mandate
noun
an
official
order
or
rule
issued
by
an
authority
that
must
be
obeyed
β’
During
the
drought
,
the
city
council
passed
a
water-use
mandate
limiting
lawn
watering
to
once
a
week
.
During
the
drought
,
the
city
council
passed
a
water-use
mandate
limiting
lawn
watering
to
once
a
week
.
β’
The
airline
introduced
a
face-mask
mandate
for
all
passengers
.
The
airline
introduced
a
face-mask
mandate
for
all
passengers
.
From
Latin
mandatum
β
something
commanded
,β
from
mandare
β
to
hand
over
,
to
command
.β
noun
the
authority
voters
give
to
an
elected
government
or
leader
to
carry
out
policies
β’
The
new
president
claimed
a
clear
mandate
to
reform
the
healthcare
system
.
The
new
president
claimed
a
clear
mandate
to
reform
the
healthcare
system
.
β’
With
only
a
slim
majority
,
the
coalition
lacked
a
solid
mandate
for
radical
change
.
With
only
a
slim
majority
,
the
coalition
lacked
a
solid
mandate
for
radical
change
.
verb
-
mandate
,
mandating
,
mandates
,
mandated
to
order
or
require
something
by
authority
β’
The
new
regulation
mandates
companies
to
report
carbon
emissions
yearly
.
The
new
regulation
mandates
companies
to
report
carbon
emissions
yearly
.
β’
The
policy
mandated
a
minimum
wage
increase
for
all
workers
.
The
policy
mandated
a
minimum
wage
increase
for
all
workers
.
verb
-
mandate
,
mandating
,
mandates
,
mandated
to
give
someone
the
authority
or
power
to
act
β’
The
shareholders
mandated
the
board
to
search
for
a
new
CEO
.
The
shareholders
mandated
the
board
to
search
for
a
new
CEO
.
β’
The
treaty
mandates
the
commission
to
oversee
elections
.
The
treaty
mandates
the
commission
to
oversee
elections
.
noun
(
law
)
a
formal
contract
in
which
one
person
authorizes
another
to
act
on
their
behalf
β’
Under
the
mandate
,
the
agent
could
negotiate
the
sale
of
the
property
.
Under
the
mandate
,
the
agent
could
negotiate
the
sale
of
the
property
.
β’
The
court
examined
whether
the
mandate
had
expired
when
the
client
died
.
The
court
examined
whether
the
mandate
had
expired
when
the
client
died
.
noun
(
historical
)
a
territory
placed
under
the
administration
of
another
country
by
the
League
of
Nations
after
World
War
I
β’
Syria
was
once
a
French
mandate
created
after
the
First
World
War
.
Syria
was
once
a
French
mandate
created
after
the
First
World
War
.
β’
The
League
of
Nations
divided
the
Ottoman
Empire
into
several
mandates
.
The
League
of
Nations
divided
the
Ottoman
Empire
into
several
mandates
.
operating
verb
-
operate
,
operating
,
operates
,
operated
running
or
controlling
something
so
that
it
works
as
it
should
β’
The
technician
is
operating
the
3-D
printer
during
the
demonstration
.
The
technician
is
operating
the
3-D
printer
during
the
demonstration
.
β’
Emergency
workers
kept
operating
the
pumps
all
night
to
remove
the
floodwater
.
Emergency
workers
kept
operating
the
pumps
all
night
to
remove
the
floodwater
.
regulate
verb
-
regulate
,
regulating
,
regulates
,
regulated
to
control
an
activity
,
industry
,
or
behavior
by
making
and
enforcing
rules
or
laws
β’
The
government
plans
to
regulate
the
sale
of
e-cigarettes
to
protect
young
people
.
The
government
plans
to
regulate
the
sale
of
e-cigarettes
to
protect
young
people
.
β’
International
treaties
help
regulate
fishing
to
prevent
over-harvesting
.
International
treaties
help
regulate
fishing
to
prevent
over-harvesting
.
From
Latin
regulatus
,
past
participle
of
rΓ©gulΔre
β
to
control
by
rule
,β
from
rΓ©gula
β
rule
,
standard
.β
verb
-
regulate
,
regulating
,
regulates
,
regulated
to
adjust
a
machine
,
process
,
or
amount
so
that
it
works
correctly
or
stays
within
desired
limits
β’
A
thermostat
regulates
the
temperature
inside
the
house
automatically
.
A
thermostat
regulates
the
temperature
inside
the
house
automatically
.
β’
Engineers
must
regulate
the
flow
of
water
through
the
dam
to
avoid
flooding
.
Engineers
must
regulate
the
flow
of
water
through
the
dam
to
avoid
flooding
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
extending
the
idea
of
setting
a
rule
to
keeping
a
consistent
level
or
operation
.
float
verb
-
float
,
floating
,
floats
,
floated
to
stay
or
move
gently
on
the
surface
of
water
or
in
the
air
without
sinking
or
falling
β’
The
red
leaf
floated
gently
down
the
river
.
The
red
leaf
floated
gently
down
the
river
.
β’
After
the
storm
,
several
plastic
bottles
were
floating
on
the
lake
.
After
the
storm
,
several
plastic
bottles
were
floating
on
the
lake
.
From
Old
English
β
flotan
β
meaning
β
to
float
,
swim
β.
verb
-
float
,
floating
,
floats
,
floated
to
put
forward
an
idea
,
plan
,
or
suggestion
for
others
to
consider
β’
She
floated
the
idea
of
working
four
days
a
week
to
the
team
.
She
floated
the
idea
of
working
four
days
a
week
to
the
team
.
β’
The
manager
is
floating
a
proposal
for
a
new
company
logo
.
The
manager
is
floating
a
proposal
for
a
new
company
logo
.
Extension
of
the
physical
sense
:
letting
an
idea
β
float
β
to
see
how
it
moves
among
people
.
moderate
adjective
average
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
;
not
extreme
or
excessive
β’
We
chose
a
moderate
hike
that
beginners
could
finish
in
two
hours
.
We
chose
a
moderate
hike
that
beginners
could
finish
in
two
hours
.
β’
The
soup
has
a
moderate
amount
of
salt
,
making
it
flavorful
but
not
too
salty
.
The
soup
has
a
moderate
amount
of
salt
,
making
it
flavorful
but
not
too
salty
.
verb
-
moderate
,
moderating
,
moderates
,
moderated
to
make
something
less
intense
,
severe
,
or
extreme
β’
Drinking
water
before
meals
can
moderate
your
appetite
.
Drinking
water
before
meals
can
moderate
your
appetite
.
β’
The
city
planted
more
trees
to
moderate
summer
temperatures
.
The
city
planted
more
trees
to
moderate
summer
temperatures
.
verb
-
moderate
,
moderating
,
moderates
,
moderated
to
guide
and
control
a
discussion
,
debate
,
or
meeting
in
a
fair
and
orderly
way
β’
The
teacher
will
moderate
the
debate
between
the
two
teams
.
The
teacher
will
moderate
the
debate
between
the
two
teams
.
β’
She
was
invited
to
moderate
an
online
panel
on
renewable
energy
.
She
was
invited
to
moderate
an
online
panel
on
renewable
energy
.
noun
a
person
whose
opinions
are
not
extreme
and
who
seeks
a
middle
position
between
opposing
views
β’
He
considers
himself
a
political
moderate
rather
than
an
extremist
.
He
considers
himself
a
political
moderate
rather
than
an
extremist
.
β’
The
new
law
was
crafted
by
a
coalition
of
moderates
from
both
parties
.
The
new
law
was
crafted
by
a
coalition
of
moderates
from
both
parties
.
cheat
verb
to
act
dishonestly
or
break
rules
to
gain
an
unfair
advantage
β’
During
the
math
test
,
Mia
tried
to
cheat
by
looking
at
her
friend's
paper
.
During
the
math
test
,
Mia
tried
to
cheat
by
looking
at
her
friend's
paper
.
β’
Daniel
knew
it
was
wrong
to
cheat
at
cards
,
so
he
shuffled
the
deck
again
.
Daniel
knew
it
was
wrong
to
cheat
at
cards
,
so
he
shuffled
the
deck
again
.
lately
adverb
in
the
recent
past
;
during
a
period
close
to
the
present
β’
I've
been
feeling
very
tired
lately
.
I've
been
feeling
very
tired
lately
.
β’
Lately
,
the
city
streets
have
been
busier
than
ever
.
Lately
,
the
city
streets
have
been
busier
than
ever
.
Middle
English
laten
+
-ly
,
originally
meaning
"
late
in
time
";
over
centuries
the
sense
narrowed
to
"
in
the
recent
past
".
grateful
adjective
feeling
or
showing
thanks
for
something
received
or
done
β’
After
the
storm
,
the
townspeople
were
deeply
grateful
to
the
firefighters
who
rescued
them
.
After
the
storm
,
the
townspeople
were
deeply
grateful
to
the
firefighters
who
rescued
them
.
β’
Mia
felt
grateful
when
her
friend
brought
her
soup
while
she
was
sick
.
Mia
felt
grateful
when
her
friend
brought
her
soup
while
she
was
sick
.
From
Latin
grΔtus
meaning
"
pleasing
,
thankful
"
+
the
suffix
-ful
.
adjective
(
literary
,
archaic
)
giving
or
causing
pleasure
;
pleasant
to
the
senses
β’
They
rested
under
the
grateful
shade
of
an
old
oak
on
the
hot
afternoon
.
They
rested
under
the
grateful
shade
of
an
old
oak
on
the
hot
afternoon
.
β’
A
grateful
breeze
drifted
through
the
hall
,
carrying
the
scent
of
jasmine
.
A
grateful
breeze
drifted
through
the
hall
,
carrying
the
scent
of
jasmine
.
Same
origin
as
the
modern
sense
:
from
Latin
grΔtus
"
pleasing
";
this
older
meaning
survives
mainly
in
literary
contexts
.
mate
noun
a
person
β
s
husband
or
wife
β’
My
grandmother
still
keeps
the
love
letters
she
wrote
to
her
late
mate
during
the
war
.
My
grandmother
still
keeps
the
love
letters
she
wrote
to
her
late
mate
during
the
war
.
β’
Choosing
a
life
mate
is
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
anyone
makes
.
Choosing
a
life
mate
is
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
anyone
makes
.
From
Middle
English
β
mate
β,
short
for
β
teammate
,
companion
β,
influenced
by
Low
German
β
gemate
β
meaning
companion
or
spouse
.
noun
informal
:
a
friend
;
a
person
you
are
on
friendly
terms
with
β’
Cheers
,
mate
,
I
β
ll
buy
the
next
round
.
Cheers
,
mate
,
I
β
ll
buy
the
next
round
.
β’
I
haven
β
t
seen
my
old
school
mate
in
years
.
I
haven
β
t
seen
my
old
school
mate
in
years
.
Evolved
from
earlier
sense
of
β
companion
β,
popularized
in
British
naval
slang
and
later
general
usage
.
noun
an
animal
β
s
partner
for
breeding
β’
The
female
eagle
searched
the
cliffs
for
a
strong
mate
.
The
female
eagle
searched
the
cliffs
for
a
strong
mate
.
β’
Once
seahorses
find
a
mate
,
they
perform
a
graceful
dance
together
.
Once
seahorses
find
a
mate
,
they
perform
a
graceful
dance
together
.
Sense
extended
from
human
β
spouse
β
to
general
pairing
in
the
animal
kingdom
.
verb
-
mate
,
mating
,
mates
,
mated
(
of
animals
)
to
pair
and
reproduce
β’
Scientists
released
wolves
into
the
park
so
they
could
mate
and
strengthen
the
population
.
Scientists
released
wolves
into
the
park
so
they
could
mate
and
strengthen
the
population
.
β’
Parrots
usually
mate
for
life
,
forming
strong
bonds
.
Parrots
usually
mate
for
life
,
forming
strong
bonds
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
β
mate
β
meaning
partner
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
for
animal
breeding
.
verb
-
mate
,
mating
,
mates
,
mated
to
fit
or
join
two
parts
so
they
match
or
connect
correctly
β’
Push
the
plug
in
firmly
so
the
pins
mate
with
the
socket
.
Push
the
plug
in
firmly
so
the
pins
mate
with
the
socket
.
β’
These
two
gears
are
designed
to
mate
smoothly
without
slipping
.
These
two
gears
are
designed
to
mate
smoothly
without
slipping
.
Mechanical
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
by
analogy
with
pairing
animals
or
partners
.
noun
an
officer
on
a
ship
who
ranks
just
below
the
captain
β’
The
first
mate
gave
orders
to
the
crew
as
the
storm
approached
.
The
first
mate
gave
orders
to
the
crew
as
the
storm
approached
.
β’
After
years
at
sea
,
she
was
promoted
to
chief
mate
.
After
years
at
sea
,
she
was
promoted
to
chief
mate
.
Originally
a
general
term
for
β
companion
β;
in
the
15th
century
adopted
by
sailors
for
subordinate
officers
.
noun
in
chess
,
a
position
in
which
a
player
β
s
king
is
in
check
and
cannot
escape
;
checkmate
β’
With
a
clever
queen
sacrifice
,
she
forced
mate
in
three
moves
.
With
a
clever
queen
sacrifice
,
she
forced
mate
in
three
moves
.
β’
After
hours
of
play
,
the
grandmaster
finally
announced
β
Mate
β.
After
hours
of
play
,
the
grandmaster
finally
announced
β
Mate
β.
Shortened
from
β
checkmate
β,
which
came
via
French
from
Persian
β
shΔh
mΔt
β
meaning
β
the
king
is
dead
β.
combat
verb
to
fight
against
something
or
work
to
stop
it
β’
Doctors
are
working
hard
to
combat
the
spread
of
the
new
virus
.
Doctors
are
working
hard
to
combat
the
spread
of
the
new
virus
.
β’
We
planted
trees
to
combat
climate
change
in
our
neighborhood
.
We
planted
trees
to
combat
climate
change
in
our
neighborhood
.
motivate
verb
-
motivate
,
motivating
,
motivates
,
motivated
to
encourage
someone
and
give
them
a
reason
to
do
something
with
energy
and
determination
β’
The
coach
β
s
passionate
speech
motivated
the
team
to
keep
playing
hard
.
The
coach
β
s
passionate
speech
motivated
the
team
to
keep
playing
hard
.
β’
A
colorful
sticker
chart
can
motivate
children
to
finish
their
homework
.
A
colorful
sticker
chart
can
motivate
children
to
finish
their
homework
.
From
Latin
movere
β
to
move
β
+
β-ate
,
meaning
β
to
move
into
action
β.
verb
-
motivate
,
motivating
,
motivates
,
motivated
to
be
the
reason
or
driving
force
behind
someone
β
s
actions
or
a
decision
β’
A
desire
for
recognition
often
motivates
people
to
post
on
social
media
.
A
desire
for
recognition
often
motivates
people
to
post
on
social
media
.
β’
Curiosity
motivates
scientific
research
and
discovery
.
Curiosity
motivates
scientific
research
and
discovery
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
Latin
movere
β
to
move
β.
donate
verb
-
donate
,
donating
,
donates
,
donated
to
give
money
,
food
,
clothes
,
or
other
things
without
expecting
payment
,
usually
to
help
people
or
a
good
cause
β’
After
the
hurricane
,
neighbors
donated
blankets
and
bottled
water
to
the
shelter
.
After
the
hurricane
,
neighbors
donated
blankets
and
bottled
water
to
the
shelter
.
β’
Every
December
,
the
company
donates
ten
percent
of
its
profits
to
local
schools
.
Every
December
,
the
company
donates
ten
percent
of
its
profits
to
local
schools
.
From
Latin
β
donare
β
meaning
β
to
give
as
a
gift
β.
verb
-
donate
,
donating
,
donates
,
donated
to
allow
part
of
your
body
,
such
as
blood
or
an
organ
,
to
be
taken
and
used
to
help
someone
else
β’
Carlos
donated
blood
at
the
hospital
after
seeing
the
urgent
need
sign
.
Carlos
donated
blood
at
the
hospital
after
seeing
the
urgent
need
sign
.
β’
A
mother
agreed
to
donate
a
kidney
to
save
her
sick
son
.
A
mother
agreed
to
donate
a
kidney
to
save
her
sick
son
.
From
Latin
β
donare
β
meaning
β
to
give
as
a
gift
β.
facilitate
verb
-
facilitate
,
facilitating
,
facilitates
,
facilitated
to
make
an
action
,
process
,
or
task
possible
or
easier
β’
Online
maps
facilitate
travel
planning
by
showing
the
fastest
routes
.
Online
maps
facilitate
travel
planning
by
showing
the
fastest
routes
.
β’
Using
simple
language
facilitates
understanding
for
young
students
.
Using
simple
language
facilitates
understanding
for
young
students
.
Mid-17th
century
,
from
Latin
facilis
β
easy
β
+
β-ate
;
originally
meaning
β
make
easy
β.
verb
-
facilitate
,
facilitating
,
facilitates
,
facilitated
to
guide
a
meeting
,
discussion
,
or
learning
activity
so
that
it
runs
smoothly
and
everyone
can
take
part
β’
An
experienced
moderator
facilitated
the
panel
discussion
at
the
conference
.
An
experienced
moderator
facilitated
the
panel
discussion
at
the
conference
.
β’
The
teacher
asked
Maria
to
facilitate
the
group
debate
.
The
teacher
asked
Maria
to
facilitate
the
group
debate
.
Mid-17th
century
,
from
Latin
facilis
β
easy
β
+
β-ate
;
originally
meaning
β
make
easy
β.
integrate
verb
-
integrate
,
integrating
,
integrates
,
integrated
to
combine
two
or
more
parts
so
they
work
together
or
form
a
complete
whole
β’
The
new
software
integrates
all
the
company
β
s
data
into
one
easy-to-use
dashboard
.
The
new
software
integrates
all
the
company
β
s
data
into
one
easy-to-use
dashboard
.
β’
Architects
worked
hard
to
integrate
the
ancient
stone
walls
with
the
modern
glass
facade
.
Architects
worked
hard
to
integrate
the
ancient
stone
walls
with
the
modern
glass
facade
.
From
Latin
β
integratus
β,
past
participle
of
β
integrare
β
meaning
β
to
make
whole
β.
verb
-
integrate
,
integrating
,
integrates
,
integrated
to
bring
people
of
different
races
,
cultures
,
or
social
groups
together
so
they
can
participate
equally
β’
The
school
was
one
of
the
first
in
the
country
to
integrate
students
of
all
races
.
The
school
was
one
of
the
first
in
the
country
to
integrate
students
of
all
races
.
β’
The
company
launched
workshops
to
help
immigrant
workers
integrate
into
the
local
community
.
The
company
launched
workshops
to
help
immigrant
workers
integrate
into
the
local
community
.
verb
-
integrate
,
integrating
,
integrates
,
integrated
to
calculate
the
integral
of
a
function
in
mathematics
β’
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
how
to
integrate
x
squared
to
get
one-third
x
cubed
plus
C
.
In
calculus
class
,
we
learned
how
to
integrate
x
squared
to
get
one-third
x
cubed
plus
C
.
β’
Engineers
must
integrate
the
velocity
function
to
find
the
distance
traveled
.
Engineers
must
integrate
the
velocity
function
to
find
the
distance
traveled
.
anticipate
verb
-
anticipate
,
anticipating
,
anticipates
,
anticipated
to
expect
that
something
will
happen
and
prepare
for
it
β’
We
anticipate
heavy
snow
tomorrow
,
so
the
school
may
close
.
We
anticipate
heavy
snow
tomorrow
,
so
the
school
may
close
.
β’
The
project
manager
anticipated
delays
and
ordered
materials
early
.
The
project
manager
anticipated
delays
and
ordered
materials
early
.
From
Latin
anticipΔtus
,
past
participle
of
anticipΔre
β
to
take
beforehand
β,
from
ante
β
before
β
+
capere
β
to
take
β.
verb
-
anticipate
,
anticipating
,
anticipates
,
anticipated
to
look
forward
to
something
with
excitement
or
pleasure
β’
The
children
anticipate
Christmas
morning
with
shining
eyes
.
The
children
anticipate
Christmas
morning
with
shining
eyes
.
β’
I
anticipate
my
trip
to
Japan
next
month
with
great
excitement
.
I
anticipate
my
trip
to
Japan
next
month
with
great
excitement
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
derived
from
Latin
anticipΔre
meaning
β
to
take
beforehand
β.
verb
-
anticipate
,
anticipating
,
anticipates
,
anticipated
to
act
before
something
happens
so
as
to
deal
with
it
in
advance
β’
The
engineers
anticipated
flooding
and
raised
the
bridge
higher
.
The
engineers
anticipated
flooding
and
raised
the
bridge
higher
.
β’
The
store
anticipates
demand
by
stocking
extra
water
before
storms
.
The
store
anticipates
demand
by
stocking
extra
water
before
storms
.
Sense
based
on
the
older
idea
of
β
taking
action
beforehand
β,
recorded
in
English
from
the
16th
century
.
dedicate
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
give
most
of
your
time
,
energy
,
or
attention
to
a
particular
activity
,
goal
,
or
cause
because
you
believe
it
is
important
β’
After
graduating
,
Maria
dedicated
herself
to
teaching
children
in
remote
villages
.
After
graduating
,
Maria
dedicated
herself
to
teaching
children
in
remote
villages
.
β’
The
scientist
dedicates
long
hours
each
night
to
searching
for
a
cure
for
the
rare
disease
.
The
scientist
dedicates
long
hours
each
night
to
searching
for
a
cure
for
the
rare
disease
.
From
Latin
β
dedicare
β
meaning
β
to
proclaim
,
to
devote
β.
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
set
aside
money
,
space
,
or
another
resource
for
a
particular
purpose
β’
The
city
council
dedicated
extra
funds
to
repairing
the
old
playground
.
The
city
council
dedicated
extra
funds
to
repairing
the
old
playground
.
β’
She
dedicated
a
spare
room
in
her
house
to
painting
and
turned
it
into
a
bright
studio
.
She
dedicated
a
spare
room
in
her
house
to
painting
and
turned
it
into
a
bright
studio
.
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
say
or
write
that
a
book
,
song
,
or
other
creative
work
is
meant
to
honor
or
thank
someone
β’
The
author
dedicated
her
first
novel
to
her
late
grandmother
.
The
author
dedicated
her
first
novel
to
her
late
grandmother
.
β’
He
dedicates
every
song
on
the
album
to
his
loyal
fans
.
He
dedicates
every
song
on
the
album
to
his
loyal
fans
.
verb
-
dedicate
,
dedicating
,
dedicates
,
dedicated
to
hold
a
formal
ceremony
to
officially
open
a
building
,
monument
,
or
public
place
in
honor
of
someone
or
something
β’
The
mayor
dedicated
the
new
bridge
with
a
ribbon-cutting
ceremony
.
The
mayor
dedicated
the
new
bridge
with
a
ribbon-cutting
ceremony
.
β’
Next
week
,
officials
will
dedicate
the
restored
museum
to
local
history
.
Next
week
,
officials
will
dedicate
the
restored
museum
to
local
history
.
sophisticated
adjective
having
a
lot
of
worldly
knowledge
,
refined
taste
,
and
elegant
manners
β’
The
art
critic's
sophisticated
comments
impressed
the
students
.
The
art
critic's
sophisticated
comments
impressed
the
students
.
β’
Maria's
sophisticated
style
made
her
stand
out
at
the
party
.
Maria's
sophisticated
style
made
her
stand
out
at
the
party
.
adjective
cleverly
designed
and
complicated
,
using
the
most
advanced
ideas
or
technology
β’
The
police
used
a
sophisticated
computer
program
to
track
the
hacker
.
The
police
used
a
sophisticated
computer
program
to
track
the
hacker
.
β’
This
watch
contains
a
sophisticated
mechanism
that
winds
itself
automatically
.
This
watch
contains
a
sophisticated
mechanism
that
winds
itself
automatically
.
adjective
(
archaic
)
altered
or
adulterated
so
that
it
is
no
longer
pure
β’
In
the
18th
century
,
merchants
sold
sophisticated
wine
mixed
with
cheap
additives
.
In
the
18th
century
,
merchants
sold
sophisticated
wine
mixed
with
cheap
additives
.
β’
Consumers
complained
that
the
olive
oil
was
sophisticated
and
lacked
its
natural
flavor
.
Consumers
complained
that
the
olive
oil
was
sophisticated
and
lacked
its
natural
flavor
.
associated
verb
-
associate
,
associating
,
associates
,
associated
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
associate
β’
She
associated
the
smell
of
fresh
bread
with
her
grandmother's
kitchen
.
She
associated
the
smell
of
fresh
bread
with
her
grandmother's
kitchen
.
β’
The
brand
was
associated
with
high
quality
and
reliability
.
The
brand
was
associated
with
high
quality
and
reliability
.
adjective
connected
or
related
to
something
else
β’
The
scientist
explained
the
health
risks
associated
with
smoking
.
The
scientist
explained
the
health
risks
associated
with
smoking
.
β’
Our
company
is
looking
for
partners
associated
with
renewable
energy
.
Our
company
is
looking
for
partners
associated
with
renewable
energy
.
initiate
verb
-
initiate
,
initiating
,
initiates
,
initiated
to
begin
or
cause
something
to
begin
β’
The
city
will
initiate
a
new
recycling
program
next
month
.
The
city
will
initiate
a
new
recycling
program
next
month
.
β’
Pressing
this
button
initiates
the
backup
process
on
the
computer
.
Pressing
this
button
initiates
the
backup
process
on
the
computer
.
From
Latin
initiΔre
β
to
begin
,
introduce
,β
from
initium
β
a
beginning
.β
verb
-
initiate
,
initiating
,
initiates
,
initiated
to
formally
admit
someone
into
an
organization
or
group
,
often
with
a
special
ceremony
β’
The
elders
initiated
the
new
members
with
a
candle-lit
ceremony
.
The
elders
initiated
the
new
members
with
a
candle-lit
ceremony
.
β’
Each
recruit
must
be
initiated
before
accessing
the
society
β
s
archives
.
Each
recruit
must
be
initiated
before
accessing
the
society
β
s
archives
.
noun
a
person
who
has
recently
been
admitted
to
a
group
and
begun
learning
its
special
knowledge
or
rules
β’
The
initiates
listened
carefully
as
the
master
explained
the
ancient
code
.
The
initiates
listened
carefully
as
the
master
explained
the
ancient
code
.
β’
As
an
initiate
,
she
had
limited
access
to
the
temple
β
s
inner
rooms
.
As
an
initiate
,
she
had
limited
access
to
the
temple
β
s
inner
rooms
.
adequate
adjective
enough
in
amount
or
quality
to
meet
a
need
β’
The
shelter
provided
adequate
food
and
water
for
the
rescued
dogs
.
The
shelter
provided
adequate
food
and
water
for
the
rescued
dogs
.
β’
Make
sure
the
classroom
has
adequate
lighting
before
the
students
arrive
.
Make
sure
the
classroom
has
adequate
lighting
before
the
students
arrive
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
adaequatus
β
made
equal
to
β,
from
ad-
β
to
β
+
aequare
β
make
equal
β.
adjective
acceptable
but
not
especially
good
β’
His
performance
was
adequate
,
but
nothing
spectacular
.
His
performance
was
adequate
,
but
nothing
spectacular
.
β’
The
hotel
room
was
adequate
,
though
the
decor
was
outdated
.
The
hotel
room
was
adequate
,
though
the
decor
was
outdated
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
Latin
adaequatus
β
made
equal
to
β,
from
ad-
β
to
β
+
aequare
β
make
equal
β.
patent
noun
an
official
right
granted
by
a
government
that
allows
the
inventor
of
something
to
be
the
only
person
or
company
to
make
,
use
,
or
sell
it
for
a
certain
number
of
years
β’
After
years
of
research
,
Maria
finally
received
a
patent
for
her
water-saving
faucet
.
After
years
of
research
,
Maria
finally
received
a
patent
for
her
water-saving
faucet
.
β’
The
start-up
impressed
investors
by
already
owning
several
valuable
patents
.
The
start-up
impressed
investors
by
already
owning
several
valuable
patents
.
From
Middle
French
patente
,
from
Latin
patens
β
lying
open
,β
referring
to
open
letters
issued
by
a
sovereign
.
verb
-
patent
,
patenting
,
patents
,
patented
to
obtain
an
official
government
right
that
gives
you
the
sole
authority
to
make
,
use
,
or
sell
an
invention
β’
The
scientist
decided
to
patent
his
biodegradable
plastic
before
publishing
the
results
.
The
scientist
decided
to
patent
his
biodegradable
plastic
before
publishing
the
results
.
β’
They
are
patenting
a
battery
that
can
recharge
in
five
minutes
.
They
are
patenting
a
battery
that
can
recharge
in
five
minutes
.
From
the
noun
form
of
patent
meaning
β
government
grant
,β
used
as
a
verb
from
the
19th
century
onward
.
adjective
clearly
obvious
or
plain
for
everyone
to
see
β’
It
was
a
patent
lie
,
and
nobody
believed
him
for
a
second
.
It
was
a
patent
lie
,
and
nobody
believed
him
for
a
second
.
β’
Her
patent
enthusiasm
for
the
project
lifted
the
whole
team
β
s
spirits
.
Her
patent
enthusiasm
for
the
project
lifted
the
whole
team
β
s
spirits
.
From
Latin
patens
β
lying
open
.β
The
sense
of
β
obvious
β
developed
in
the
16th
century
from
the
idea
of
something
being
openly
visible
.
adjective
(
medical
)
open
and
unobstructed
,
allowing
fluid
or
air
to
pass
through
β’
The
surgeon
confirmed
the
artery
was
patent
after
the
bypass
.
The
surgeon
confirmed
the
artery
was
patent
after
the
bypass
.
β’
Ultrasound
imaging
showed
that
the
vein
remained
patent
.
Ultrasound
imaging
showed
that
the
vein
remained
patent
.
Specialized
medical
use
of
the
general
adjective
sense
β
open
,β
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
.
estimated
adjective
calculated
as
an
approximate
amount
,
size
,
or
value
rather
than
an
exact
figure
.
β’
The
project
will
cost
an
estimated
$2
million
.
The
project
will
cost
an
estimated
$2
million
.
β’
Delivery
time
is
an
estimated
three
days
,
according
to
the
website
.
Delivery
time
is
an
estimated
three
days
,
according
to
the
website
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
β
estimate
,β
meaning
β
to
calculate
roughly
.β
verb
-
estimate
,
estimating
,
estimates
,
estimated
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
estimate
:
judged
or
calculated
something
approximately
.
β’
The
engineer
estimated
the
weight
of
the
bridge
before
construction
began
.
The
engineer
estimated
the
weight
of
the
bridge
before
construction
began
.
β’
They
had
estimated
that
the
journey
would
take
four
hours
,
but
traffic
made
it
longer
.
They
had
estimated
that
the
journey
would
take
four
hours
,
but
traffic
made
it
longer
.
From
Latin
β
aestimatus
,β
past
participle
of
β
aestimare
,β
meaning
β
to
value
,
appraise
.β
eating
verb
-
eat
,
eating
,
eats
,
ate
,
eaten
doing
the
action
of
taking
food
into
your
mouth
,
chewing
it
,
and
swallowing
it
β’
The
baby
is
eating
mashed
bananas
with
her
hands
.
The
baby
is
eating
mashed
bananas
with
her
hands
.
β’
I
saw
a
squirrel
eating
a
pine
cone
on
the
fence
.
I
saw
a
squirrel
eating
a
pine
cone
on
the
fence
.
manipulate
verb
-
manipulate
,
manipulating
,
manipulates
,
manipulated
to
move
,
handle
,
or
control
something
,
especially
small
objects
or
a
complicated
device
,
with
skill
and
care
β’
The
surgeon
had
to
manipulate
the
tiny
instruments
during
the
delicate
operation
.
The
surgeon
had
to
manipulate
the
tiny
instruments
during
the
delicate
operation
.
β’
Using
two
joysticks
,
the
teenager
manipulated
the
robot
arm
to
pick
up
the
ball
.
Using
two
joysticks
,
the
teenager
manipulated
the
robot
arm
to
pick
up
the
ball
.
Early
19th
century
:
from
French
β
manipuler
β,
from
Latin
β
manipulus
β
meaning
β
handful
β
or
β
hand
β
combined
with
β
plere
β β
to
fill
β;
originally
referred
to
handling
objects
.
verb
-
manipulate
,
manipulating
,
manipulates
,
manipulated
to
influence
or
control
someone
or
a
situation
cleverly
and
often
unfairly
to
gain
an
advantage
β’
The
con
artist
tried
to
manipulate
the
elderly
couple
into
signing
the
contract
.
The
con
artist
tried
to
manipulate
the
elderly
couple
into
signing
the
contract
.
β’
She
knows
how
to
manipulate
her
parents
to
get
what
she
wants
.
She
knows
how
to
manipulate
her
parents
to
get
what
she
wants
.
Sense
of
influencing
people
unfairly
dates
from
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
β
handling
β
something
to
β
handling
β
people
β
s
feelings
or
decisions
.
verb
-
manipulate
,
manipulating
,
manipulates
,
manipulated
to
change
or
process
data
,
images
,
or
information
on
a
computer
so
that
it
is
arranged
differently
or
shows
a
desired
result
β’
You
can
manipulate
the
image
with
this
software
to
remove
the
background
.
You
can
manipulate
the
image
with
this
software
to
remove
the
background
.
β’
Scientists
manipulated
the
data
set
to
test
different
scenarios
.
Scientists
manipulated
the
data
set
to
test
different
scenarios
.
Computing
sense
emerged
in
the
mid-20th
century
as
computers
began
to
allow
users
to
β
handle
β
information
directly
.
sweat
verb
-
sweat
,
sweating
,
sweats
,
sweated
to
produce
sweat
through
the
skin
β’
I
always
sweat
a
lot
when
the
weather
is
humid
.
I
always
sweat
a
lot
when
the
weather
is
humid
.
β’
They
sweated
through
their
uniforms
during
the
long
march
.
They
sweated
through
their
uniforms
during
the
long
march
.
verb
-
sweat
,
sweating
,
sweats
,
sweated
informal
:
to
worry
about
something
or
someone
,
often
more
than
necessary
β’
Don
β
t
sweat
it
β
we
can
fix
the
flat
tire
in
minutes
.
Don
β
t
sweat
it
β
we
can
fix
the
flat
tire
in
minutes
.
β’
She
tends
to
sweat
the
small
stuff
and
loses
sleep
over
tiny
mistakes
.
She
tends
to
sweat
the
small
stuff
and
loses
sleep
over
tiny
mistakes
.
verb
-
sweat
,
sweating
,
sweats
,
sweated
culinary
:
to
cook
food
gently
in
a
little
oil
or
butter
so
that
it
releases
moisture
without
browning
β’
First
,
sweat
the
onions
in
a
little
olive
oil
until
they
turn
translucent
.
First
,
sweat
the
onions
in
a
little
olive
oil
until
they
turn
translucent
.
β’
The
recipe
says
to
sweat
the
vegetables
instead
of
frying
them
.
The
recipe
says
to
sweat
the
vegetables
instead
of
frying
them
.
isolate
verb
-
isolate
,
isolating
,
isolates
,
isolated
to
keep
a
person
or
thing
apart
from
others
so
it
stands
alone
β’
During
the
science
fair
project
,
Leo
tried
to
isolate
one
cause
of
the
reaction
.
During
the
science
fair
project
,
Leo
tried
to
isolate
one
cause
of
the
reaction
.
β’
Engineers
quickly
isolated
the
broken
section
of
the
bridge
with
orange
barriers
.
Engineers
quickly
isolated
the
broken
section
of
the
bridge
with
orange
barriers
.
Mid-19th
century
,
back-formation
from
isolation
,
ultimately
from
Latin
insula
β
island
β,
reflecting
the
idea
of
making
something
an
island
unto
itself
.
verb
-
isolate
,
isolating
,
isolates
,
isolated
to
obtain
a
pure
substance
,
cell
,
or
organism
from
a
mixture
β’
The
researchers
isolated
a
new
protein
from
the
plant
leaves
.
The
researchers
isolated
a
new
protein
from
the
plant
leaves
.
β’
After
several
filtration
steps
,
the
chemist
isolated
bright
blue
crystals
.
After
several
filtration
steps
,
the
chemist
isolated
bright
blue
crystals
.
noun
a
microorganism
,
cell
,
or
chemical
that
has
been
separated
out
in
pure
form
β’
The
new
bacterial
isolate
displayed
resistance
to
antibiotics
.
The
new
bacterial
isolate
displayed
resistance
to
antibiotics
.
β’
Each
viral
isolate
was
stored
in
separate
cryogenic
tubes
.
Each
viral
isolate
was
stored
in
separate
cryogenic
tubes
.
noun
a
person
who
has
little
contact
with
others
β’
After
moving
to
the
remote
island
,
he
became
an
isolate
who
rarely
spoke
to
anyone
.
After
moving
to
the
remote
island
,
he
became
an
isolate
who
rarely
spoke
to
anyone
.
β’
The
novel
tells
the
story
of
an
urban
isolate
lost
in
the
crowd
.
The
novel
tells
the
story
of
an
urban
isolate
lost
in
the
crowd
.
teammate
noun
a
person
who
plays
or
works
on
the
same
team
as
you
β’
After
scoring
the
winning
goal
,
Maria
hugged
her
teammate
in
celebration
.
After
scoring
the
winning
goal
,
Maria
hugged
her
teammate
in
celebration
.
β’
During
the
school
science
fair
,
Jake
helped
his
teammate
reconnect
a
loose
wire
on
their
display
.
During
the
school
science
fair
,
Jake
helped
his
teammate
reconnect
a
loose
wire
on
their
display
.
From
team
+β
mate
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
in
reference
to
sports
teams
.
carbohydrate
noun
foods
containing
sugars
or
starches
,
or
the
nutrient
itself
,
that
the
body
breaks
down
to
get
energy
β’
Bread
and
pasta
are
high
in
carbohydrate
,
which
helps
runners
keep
their
energy
up
.
Bread
and
pasta
are
high
in
carbohydrate
,
which
helps
runners
keep
their
energy
up
.
β’
People
with
diabetes
often
monitor
how
much
carbohydrate
they
eat
at
each
meal
.
People
with
diabetes
often
monitor
how
much
carbohydrate
they
eat
at
each
meal
.
Sense
extended
from
the
chemical
term
to
the
dietary
nutrient
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
an
organic
compound
made
of
carbon
,
hydrogen
,
and
oxygen
that
living
things
use
for
energy
,
such
as
sugars
,
starches
,
and
cellulose
β’
Glucose
,
a
simple
carbohydrate
,
fuels
many
of
the
body
β
s
basic
activities
.
Glucose
,
a
simple
carbohydrate
,
fuels
many
of
the
body
β
s
basic
activities
.
β’
The
cellulose
in
plant
cell
walls
is
a
complex
carbohydrate
that
gives
stems
their
strength
.
The
cellulose
in
plant
cell
walls
is
a
complex
carbohydrate
that
gives
stems
their
strength
.
19th-century
scientific
coinage
from
β
carbo-
β (
carbon
)
+
β
hydrate
β (
compound
with
water
),
because
the
general
formula
was
thought
to
be
Cx
(
H2O
)
y
.
accommodate
verb
-
accommodate
,
accommodating
,
accommodates
,
accommodated
to
provide
enough
space
or
lodging
for
someone
or
something
β’
The
new
hostel
can
accommodate
two
hundred
students
during
the
conference
.
The
new
hostel
can
accommodate
two
hundred
students
during
the
conference
.
β’
Is
there
a
shelf
that
will
accommodate
all
these
heavy
textbooks
?
Is
there
a
shelf
that
will
accommodate
all
these
heavy
textbooks
?
From
Latin
accommodΔre
β
to
make
fit
,
adapt
,β
from
ad-
β
to
β
+
commodus
β
suitable
.β
verb
-
accommodate
,
accommodating
,
accommodates
,
accommodated
to
do
something
helpful
for
someone
by
meeting
their
needs
,
wishes
,
or
schedule
β’
The
chef
was
happy
to
accommodate
the
guest's
nut
allergy
with
a
special
dish
.
The
chef
was
happy
to
accommodate
the
guest's
nut
allergy
with
a
special
dish
.
β’
Could
you
accommodate
an
earlier
meeting
time
tomorrow
?
Could
you
accommodate
an
earlier
meeting
time
tomorrow
?
verb
-
accommodate
,
accommodating
,
accommodates
,
accommodated
to
adapt
or
adjust
to
new
conditions
or
changes
β’
Successful
businesses
accommodate
to
changing
customer
demands
.
Successful
businesses
accommodate
to
changing
customer
demands
.
β’
After
a
week
,
the
climbers
accommodated
to
the
high
altitude
and
felt
stronger
.
After
a
week
,
the
climbers
accommodated
to
the
high
altitude
and
felt
stronger
.
verb
-
accommodate
,
accommodating
,
accommodates
,
accommodated
(
specialized
)
for
the
eye
to
change
its
focus
so
that
objects
at
different
distances
can
be
seen
clearly
β’
A
child's
eyes
can
accommodate
easily
to
read
tiny
letters
up
close
.
A
child's
eyes
can
accommodate
easily
to
read
tiny
letters
up
close
.
β’
As
people
age
,
their
lenses
lose
the
ability
to
accommodate
.
As
people
age
,
their
lenses
lose
the
ability
to
accommodate
.
cooperate
verb
-
cooperate
,
cooperating
,
cooperates
,
cooperated
to
work
together
with
another
person
or
group
so
that
you
can
all
reach
the
same
goal
β’
The
two
companies
agreed
to
cooperate
on
developing
new
electric
cars
.
The
two
companies
agreed
to
cooperate
on
developing
new
electric
cars
.
β’
During
the
group
project
,
all
the
students
cooperated
to
finish
the
model
on
time
.
During
the
group
project
,
all
the
students
cooperated
to
finish
the
model
on
time
.
From
Latin
cooperΔrΔ«
,
from
co-
(β
together
β)
+
operΔrΔ«
(β
to
work
β).
verb
-
cooperate
,
cooperating
,
cooperates
,
cooperated
to
be
helpful
by
doing
what
someone
asks
or
expects
you
to
do
,
especially
an
authority
β’
The
suspect
refused
to
cooperate
with
the
police
during
questioning
.
The
suspect
refused
to
cooperate
with
the
police
during
questioning
.
β’
Please
cooperate
and
stay
seated
until
the
airplane
has
stopped
.
Please
cooperate
and
stay
seated
until
the
airplane
has
stopped
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
from
Latin
cooperΔrΔ«
,
meaning
β
work
together
.β
hesitate
verb
-
hesitate
,
hesitating
,
hesitates
,
hesitated
to
pause
or
wait
for
a
short
time
before
speaking
or
acting
because
you
feel
unsure
,
worried
,
or
unwilling
β’
She
hesitated
before
answering
the
difficult
question
.
She
hesitated
before
answering
the
difficult
question
.
β’
Please
don
β
t
hesitate
to
call
if
you
need
anything
.
Please
don
β
t
hesitate
to
call
if
you
need
anything
.
From
Latin
haesitΔre
,
frequentative
of
haerΔre
β
to
stick
,
cling
,
be
undecided
β.
inmate
noun
A
person
who
is
kept
in
a
prison
or
jail
as
punishment
or
while
waiting
for
trial
.
β’
The
inmate
spent
hours
reading
in
his
small
cell
.
The
inmate
spent
hours
reading
in
his
small
cell
.
β’
Guards
escorted
the
inmate
to
the
dining
hall
for
lunch
.
Guards
escorted
the
inmate
to
the
dining
hall
for
lunch
.
From
early
modern
English
in-
(β
inside
β)
+
mate
(β
companion
,
fellow
β).
Originally
meant
β
fellow
resident
β;
later
narrowed
to
β
prisoner
β.
noun
A
person
who
lives
in
and
is
cared
for
by
an
institution
such
as
a
hospital
,
nursing
home
,
or
orphanage
.
β’
The
nursing
home
inmates
gathered
in
the
lounge
to
watch
television
.
The
nursing
home
inmates
gathered
in
the
lounge
to
watch
television
.
β’
During
visiting
hours
,
families
came
to
see
the
hospital
inmates
.
During
visiting
hours
,
families
came
to
see
the
hospital
inmates
.
First
used
in
the
16th
century
to
mean
β
one
who
shares
a
house
β;
later
broadened
to
include
residents
of
charitable
and
medical
institutions
.
certificate
noun
an
official
document
that
proves
information
is
true
or
records
an
important
fact
β’
After
their
baby
was
born
,
they
applied
for
a
birth
certificate
.
After
their
baby
was
born
,
they
applied
for
a
birth
certificate
.
β’
The
antique
vase
came
with
a
certificate
of
authenticity
.
The
antique
vase
came
with
a
certificate
of
authenticity
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Medieval
Latin
certificatum
β
something
certified
β,
from
certificare
β
to
certify
β.
noun
an
official
document
that
shows
someone
has
completed
training
or
passed
an
exam
β’
Maria
earned
a
teaching
certificate
after
two
years
of
study
.
Maria
earned
a
teaching
certificate
after
two
years
of
study
.
β’
This
short
course
gives
you
a
nutrition
certificate
you
can
put
on
your
resume
.
This
short
course
gives
you
a
nutrition
certificate
you
can
put
on
your
resume
.
verb
-
certificate
,
certificating
,
certificates
,
certificated
to
issue
or
give
an
official
document
that
confirms
something
β’
The
agency
certificates
each
elevator
once
a
year
for
safety
.
The
agency
certificates
each
elevator
once
a
year
for
safety
.
β’
The
vets
certificated
the
horses
before
the
race
.
The
vets
certificated
the
horses
before
the
race
.
fortunately
adverb
in
a
way
that
brings
a
good
result
,
by
good
luck
β’
Fortunately
,
the
rain
stopped
just
before
the
outdoor
concert
began
.
Fortunately
,
the
rain
stopped
just
before
the
outdoor
concert
began
.
β’
I
forgot
my
ticket
,
but
fortunately
my
friend
had
an
extra
one
.
I
forgot
my
ticket
,
but
fortunately
my
friend
had
an
extra
one
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
"
fortunate
"
+
the
adverbial
suffix
"
-ly
";
recorded
in
English
since
the
early
17th
century
.
unfortunate
adjective
experiencing
or
caused
by
bad
luck
or
misfortune
β’
It
was
unfortunate
that
the
picnic
got
rained
out
just
after
we
arrived
.
It
was
unfortunate
that
the
picnic
got
rained
out
just
after
we
arrived
.
β’
The
traveler
β
s
unfortunate
mistake
of
boarding
the
wrong
bus
made
him
miss
his
flight
.
The
traveler
β
s
unfortunate
mistake
of
boarding
the
wrong
bus
made
him
miss
his
flight
.
From
un-
(
not
)
+β
fortunate
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
around
the
14th
century
.
adjective
regrettable
or
causing
disappointment
or
trouble
β’
It
is
unfortunate
that
the
meeting
was
scheduled
during
the
holiday
period
.
It
is
unfortunate
that
the
meeting
was
scheduled
during
the
holiday
period
.
β’
Using
that
word
in
her
speech
was
an
unfortunate
choice
.
Using
that
word
in
her
speech
was
an
unfortunate
choice
.
noun
a
person
who
is
poor
,
unlucky
,
or
in
a
difficult
situation
β’
The
charity
provides
warm
meals
for
the
city
β
s
unfortunate
during
winter
.
The
charity
provides
warm
meals
for
the
city
β
s
unfortunate
during
winter
.
β’
He
always
felt
compassion
for
the
unfortunate
he
met
on
his
travels
.
He
always
felt
compassion
for
the
unfortunate
he
met
on
his
travels
.
pirate
noun
a
person
who
attacks
and
robs
ships
at
sea
β’
The
fearsome
pirate
raised
a
black
flag
as
his
ship
closed
in
on
the
merchant
vessel
.
The
fearsome
pirate
raised
a
black
flag
as
his
ship
closed
in
on
the
merchant
vessel
.
β’
Children
at
the
party
dressed
up
as
pirates
and
searched
for
hidden
treasure
in
the
backyard
.
Children
at
the
party
dressed
up
as
pirates
and
searched
for
hidden
treasure
in
the
backyard
.
From
Latin
β
pirata
β,
through
Old
French
and
Middle
English
,
originally
meaning
β
sea
robber
β.
noun
someone
who
illegally
copies
and
distributes
music
,
movies
,
software
,
or
other
copyrighted
material
β’
The
court
fined
the
notorious
software
pirate
for
distributing
cracked
programs
online
.
The
court
fined
the
notorious
software
pirate
for
distributing
cracked
programs
online
.
β’
Streaming
services
have
reduced
the
number
of
pirates
who
used
to
share
movies
illegally
.
Streaming
services
have
reduced
the
number
of
pirates
who
used
to
share
movies
illegally
.
Extended
meaning
from
the
original
β
sea
robber
β
to
β
intellectual
property
thief
β
in
the
20th
century
.
verb
-
pirate
,
pirating
,
pirates
,
pirated
to
attack
and
rob
ships
at
sea
β’
During
the
golden
age
of
sailing
,
crews
would
pirate
merchant
ships
for
their
gold
.
During
the
golden
age
of
sailing
,
crews
would
pirate
merchant
ships
for
their
gold
.
β’
They
plotted
to
pirate
the
cargo
once
the
vessel
reached
open
waters
.
They
plotted
to
pirate
the
cargo
once
the
vessel
reached
open
waters
.
verb
-
pirate
,
pirating
,
pirates
,
pirated
to
illegally
copy
and
share
music
,
movies
,
software
,
or
other
copyrighted
material
β’
Some
people
still
pirate
movies
instead
of
paying
for
legal
copies
.
Some
people
still
pirate
movies
instead
of
paying
for
legal
copies
.
β’
She
refuses
to
pirate
e-books
,
preferring
to
support
her
favorite
authors
.
She
refuses
to
pirate
e-books
,
preferring
to
support
her
favorite
authors
.
tolerate
verb
-
tolerate
,
tolerating
,
tolerates
,
tolerated
to
allow
something
you
dislike
or
disagree
with
to
happen
or
exist
without
trying
to
stop
it
β’
The
teacher
will
not
tolerate
bullying
in
her
classroom
.
The
teacher
will
not
tolerate
bullying
in
her
classroom
.
β’
His
parents
tolerate
loud
music
as
long
as
he
finishes
his
homework
.
His
parents
tolerate
loud
music
as
long
as
he
finishes
his
homework
.
From
Latin
tolerΔre
β
to
bear
,
endure
.β
verb
-
tolerate
,
tolerating
,
tolerates
,
tolerated
to
be
able
to
continue
,
survive
,
or
function
despite
something
unpleasant
or
difficult
β’
These
desert
plants
tolerate
extreme
heat
and
little
water
.
These
desert
plants
tolerate
extreme
heat
and
little
water
.
β’
Most
people
cannot
tolerate
working
without
breaks
for
twelve
hours
straight
.
Most
people
cannot
tolerate
working
without
breaks
for
twelve
hours
straight
.
Extended
sense
of
β
endure
β
appeared
in
English
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
tolerate
,
tolerating
,
tolerates
,
tolerated
(
medicine
)
if
a
body
or
patient
can
tolerate
a
drug
,
food
,
or
treatment
,
it
does
not
harm
them
or
cause
bad
side
effects
β’
Some
patients
cannot
tolerate
penicillin
and
need
alternative
antibiotics
.
Some
patients
cannot
tolerate
penicillin
and
need
alternative
antibiotics
.
β’
After
a
few
days
,
her
stomach
could
tolerate
solid
food
again
.
After
a
few
days
,
her
stomach
could
tolerate
solid
food
again
.
Medical
use
developed
from
general
sense
of
β
bear
without
harm
β.
delicate
adjective
easy
to
break
or
damage
;
fragile
.
β’
Please
wash
these
delicate
wine
glasses
by
hand
.
Please
wash
these
delicate
wine
glasses
by
hand
.
β’
The
butterfly's
wings
are
incredibly
delicate
and
tear
easily
.
The
butterfly's
wings
are
incredibly
delicate
and
tear
easily
.
adjective
physically
weak
or
easily
made
ill
.
β’
After
months
in
bed
,
he
felt
delicate
and
tired
.
After
months
in
bed
,
he
felt
delicate
and
tired
.
β’
The
delicate
baby
needed
extra
care
in
the
hospital
.
The
delicate
baby
needed
extra
care
in
the
hospital
.
adjective
having
a
light
,
subtle
,
and
pleasant
taste
,
smell
,
color
,
or
sound
.
β’
The
soup
had
a
delicate
hint
of
ginger
.
The
soup
had
a
delicate
hint
of
ginger
.
β’
A
delicate
fragrance
of
jasmine
filled
the
garden
.
A
delicate
fragrance
of
jasmine
filled
the
garden
.
adjective
needing
careful
or
sensitive
treatment
because
it
can
easily
go
wrong
or
offend
.
β’
Negotiating
the
peace
treaty
was
a
delicate
task
.
Negotiating
the
peace
treaty
was
a
delicate
task
.
β’
That
is
a
delicate
question
;
answer
it
thoughtfully
.
That
is
a
delicate
question
;
answer
it
thoughtfully
.
inappropriate
adjective
not
suitable
or
fitting
for
a
particular
purpose
,
place
,
or
occasion
β’
Wearing
shorts
to
a
formal
wedding
would
be
inappropriate
.
Wearing
shorts
to
a
formal
wedding
would
be
inappropriate
.
β’
The
teacher
reminded
the
class
that
talking
during
the
exam
was
inappropriate
.
The
teacher
reminded
the
class
that
talking
during
the
exam
was
inappropriate
.
from
in-
β
not
β
+
appropriate
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
adjective
not
socially
or
morally
acceptable
,
especially
because
it
is
indecent
or
offensive
β’
The
manager
was
fired
for
sending
inappropriate
messages
to
employees
.
The
manager
was
fired
for
sending
inappropriate
messages
to
employees
.
β’
The
movie
contains
inappropriate
language
for
young
children
.
The
movie
contains
inappropriate
language
for
young
children
.
same
origin
as
general
sense
:
prefix
in-
β
not
β
with
appropriate
;
moral
nuance
developed
in
mid-20th
century
intimate
adjective
having
a
very
close
and
trusting
personal
relationship
β’
Emma
and
Lily
have
been
intimate
friends
since
kindergarten
,
sharing
every
secret
.
Emma
and
Lily
have
been
intimate
friends
since
kindergarten
,
sharing
every
secret
.
β’
The
professor
kept
an
intimate
bond
with
his
former
students
,
attending
many
of
their
weddings
.
The
professor
kept
an
intimate
bond
with
his
former
students
,
attending
many
of
their
weddings
.
adjective
private
and
personal
,
meant
for
only
a
few
people
to
know
β’
She
refused
to
share
her
intimate
thoughts
with
the
journalist
.
She
refused
to
share
her
intimate
thoughts
with
the
journalist
.
β’
The
diary
was
full
of
intimate
reflections
about
his
childhood
.
The
diary
was
full
of
intimate
reflections
about
his
childhood
.
adjective
small
,
cozy
,
and
comfortable
,
creating
a
feeling
of
closeness
β’
The
couple
chose
a
tiny
,
intimate
restaurant
for
their
anniversary
dinner
.
The
couple
chose
a
tiny
,
intimate
restaurant
for
their
anniversary
dinner
.
β’
Only
close
family
attended
the
intimate
ceremony
in
the
garden
.
Only
close
family
attended
the
intimate
ceremony
in
the
garden
.
adjective
showing
or
having
detailed
and
thorough
knowledge
of
something
β’
She
has
an
intimate
understanding
of
medieval
history
.
She
has
an
intimate
understanding
of
medieval
history
.
β’
Local
guides
possess
intimate
knowledge
of
the
jungle
paths
.
Local
guides
possess
intimate
knowledge
of
the
jungle
paths
.
adjective
involving
romantic
or
sexual
closeness
β’
The
movie
fades
out
just
before
the
couple
become
intimate
.
The
movie
fades
out
just
before
the
couple
become
intimate
.
β’
They
avoided
intimate
topics
on
their
first
date
.
They
avoided
intimate
topics
on
their
first
date
.
verb
-
intimate
,
intimating
,
intimates
,
intimated
to
suggest
or
communicate
something
in
an
indirect
or
subtle
way
β’
The
manager
intimated
that
promotions
would
be
announced
soon
.
The
manager
intimated
that
promotions
would
be
announced
soon
.
β’
Her
letter
intimates
she
might
visit
in
the
spring
.
Her
letter
intimates
she
might
visit
in
the
spring
.
noun
a
very
close
friend
β’
Only
his
long-time
intimate
knew
the
full
story
.
Only
his
long-time
intimate
knew
the
full
story
.
β’
Among
the
many
guests
,
she
spoke
freely
only
with
her
intimates
.
Among
the
many
guests
,
she
spoke
freely
only
with
her
intimates
.
deliberately
adverb
on
purpose
;
with
clear
intention
,
not
by
accident
β’
He
deliberately
left
the
gate
open
so
the
dog
could
run
outside
.
He
deliberately
left
the
gate
open
so
the
dog
could
run
outside
.
β’
Maya
deliberately
ignored
her
ringing
phone
during
dinner
with
her
family
.
Maya
deliberately
ignored
her
ringing
phone
during
dinner
with
her
family
.
From
Latin
deliberatus
,
past
participle
of
deliberare
β
to
consider
carefully
β.
adverb
in
a
slow
,
careful
,
and
thoughtful
way
β’
The
judge
spoke
deliberately
,
choosing
each
word
with
care
.
The
judge
spoke
deliberately
,
choosing
each
word
with
care
.
β’
The
old
turtle
moved
deliberately
across
the
sandy
beach
toward
the
ocean
.
The
old
turtle
moved
deliberately
across
the
sandy
beach
toward
the
ocean
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
reflecting
the
idea
of
weighing
and
considering
actions
.
accurately
adverb
in
a
way
that
is
correct
,
exact
,
and
without
mistakes
β’
The
scientist
recorded
the
temperature
accurately
to
ensure
reliable
results
.
The
scientist
recorded
the
temperature
accurately
to
ensure
reliable
results
.
β’
You
must
throw
the
ball
accurately
to
hit
the
target
.
You
must
throw
the
ball
accurately
to
hit
the
target
.
From
the
adjective
accurate
+β
-ly
;
ultimately
from
Latin
accuratus
β
done
with
care
β.
passionate
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
very
strong
feelings
,
enthusiasm
,
or
excitement
β’
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
Maria
is
passionate
about
protecting
the
environment
and
volunteers
every
weekend
.
β’
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
The
young
chef
spoke
in
a
passionate
voice
about
his
new
recipes
.
From
Middle
French
passionnΓ©
,
from
passion
+β
-ate
.
adjective
showing
or
caused
by
strong
romantic
or
sexual
feelings
β’
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
The
movie
ended
with
a
passionate
kiss
between
the
two
heroes
.
β’
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
They
wrote
each
other
passionate
letters
during
their
time
apart
.
Same
origin
as
principal
sense
:
Middle
French
passionnΓ©
,
rooted
in
Latin
passio
β
suffering
,
feeling
β.
noun
a
person
who
is
full
of
strong
feelings
or
enthusiasm
β’
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
As
a
true
passionate
,
he
devoted
his
life
to
studying
jazz
history
.
β’
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Only
a
passionate
would
spend
nights
mapping
the
stars
from
the
rooftop
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
sense
,
used
since
the
17th
century
to
label
a
person
driven
by
passion
.
nominate
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
suggest
a
person
,
film
,
book
,
or
other
candidate
so
that
people
can
vote
for
it
or
so
that
it
can
receive
a
prize
β’
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
The
committee
decided
to
nominate
Carlos
for
class
president
.
β’
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
The
film
was
nominated
for
three
international
awards
.
From
Latin
nominare
β
to
name
β,
from
nomen
β
name
β.
verb
-
nominate
,
nominating
,
nominates
,
nominated
to
officially
appoint
or
choose
someone
for
a
job
,
role
,
or
responsibility
β’
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
The
board
nominated
her
as
the
new
CFO
of
the
company
.
β’
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
The
president
will
nominate
a
new
ambassador
next
week
.
From
Latin
nominare
β
to
name
β,
tracing
through
Middle
French
nominer
before
entering
English
in
the
15th
century
.
desperately
adverb
in
a
way
that
shows
great
need
,
fear
,
or
urgency
β’
The
hiker
desperately
called
for
help
after
slipping
down
the
cliff
.
The
hiker
desperately
called
for
help
after
slipping
down
the
cliff
.
β’
They
desperately
searched
the
crowd
for
their
lost
child
at
the
busy
festival
.
They
desperately
searched
the
crowd
for
their
lost
child
at
the
busy
festival
.
Formed
by
adding
the
adverbial
suffix
-ly
to
desperate
in
the
17th
century
,
meaning
β
in
a
hopeless
manner
.β
adverb
very
;
extremely
(
used
for
emphasis
)
β’
I
β
m
desperately
sorry
for
the
confusion
.
I
β
m
desperately
sorry
for
the
confusion
.
β’
The
roses
in
the
garden
smelled
desperately
sweet
after
the
rain
.
The
roses
in
the
garden
smelled
desperately
sweet
after
the
rain
.
Extension
of
the
primary
meaning
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
,
where
β
desperately
β
began
to
function
purely
as
an
intensifier
.