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material
noun
a
substance
that
things
are
made
from
,
such
as
wood
,
metal
,
or
plastic
•
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
Bricks
are
a
common
building
material
around
the
world
.
•
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
The
artist
collected
recycled
material
for
her
sculpture
.
noun
-
material
cloth
that
is
sold
by
length
and
used
to
make
clothes
,
curtains
,
and
similar
things
•
She
chose
a
soft
cotton
material
for
the
baby's
blanket
.
She
chose
a
soft
cotton
material
for
the
baby's
blanket
.
•
Do
we
have
enough
material
to
sew
two
skirts
?
Do
we
have
enough
material
to
sew
two
skirts
?
noun
information
or
ideas
that
you
use
for
studying
,
writing
,
or
creating
something
•
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
The
reporter
gathered
background
material
before
the
interview
.
•
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
Our
teacher
posted
extra
study
material
online
.
noun
a
person
or
thing
considered
suitable
for
a
particular
job
,
role
,
or
purpose
•
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
The
coach
thinks
Mia
is
real
leadership
material
.
•
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
With
his
quick
thinking
,
he's
police
material
.
adjective
relating
to
physical
things
that
you
can
touch
,
rather
than
to
the
mind
or
spirit
•
They
focused
on
their
material
needs
,
like
food
and
shelter
.
They
focused
on
their
material
needs
,
like
food
and
shelter
.
•
The
monk
gave
up
all
material
possessions
.
The
monk
gave
up
all
material
possessions
.
adjective
important
and
likely
to
influence
a
decision
or
result
,
especially
in
law
or
formal
situations
•
The
lawyer
said
the
witness
left
out
material
facts
.
The
lawyer
said
the
witness
left
out
material
facts
.
•
There
is
no
material
difference
between
the
two
products
.
There
is
no
material
difference
between
the
two
products
.
climate
noun
the
typical
weather
conditions
of
a
place
over
many
years
,
including
temperature
,
rain
or
snow
,
and
winds
•
The
climate
in
the
desert
is
hot
and
dry
all
year
round
.
The
climate
in
the
desert
is
hot
and
dry
all
year
round
.
•
Scientists
warn
that
Earth
’
s
climate
is
getting
warmer
.
Scientists
warn
that
Earth
’
s
climate
is
getting
warmer
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
‘
clima
’
meaning
‘
slope
,
region
’,
later
‘
weather
of
a
region
’.
noun
the
overall
feeling
,
attitude
,
or
situation
that
influences
how
people
think
and
act
in
a
particular
place
or
time
•
After
the
robbery
,
there
was
a
climate
of
fear
in
the
neighborhood
.
After
the
robbery
,
there
was
a
climate
of
fear
in
the
neighborhood
.
•
The
new
laws
created
a
positive
climate
for
investment
.
The
new
laws
created
a
positive
climate
for
investment
.
Transferred
figurative
use
recorded
from
the
mid-19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
regional
weather
to
describe
a
general
feeling
or
situation
.
ultimately
adverb
in
the
end
,
after
everything
else
has
been
done
,
tried
,
or
considered
•
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
ultimately
approved
the
new
park
plan
.
After
months
of
debate
,
the
city
council
ultimately
approved
the
new
park
plan
.
•
No
matter
how
hard
the
climb
was
,
we
ultimately
reached
the
summit
at
sunset
.
No
matter
how
hard
the
climb
was
,
we
ultimately
reached
the
summit
at
sunset
.
From
Latin
ultimātus
“
last
,
final
”
+
English
adverbial
suffix
–ly
.
adverb
used
to
emphasize
the
most
basic
or
important
truth
,
cause
,
or
purpose
•
All
economic
decisions
ultimately
depend
on
supply
and
demand
.
All
economic
decisions
ultimately
depend
on
supply
and
demand
.
•
While
there
are
many
techniques
,
cooking
is
ultimately
about
balancing
flavors
.
While
there
are
many
techniques
,
cooking
is
ultimately
about
balancing
flavors
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
ultimātus
with
adverbial
–ly
,
later
extended
to
mean
“
at
the
basic
level
.”
estimate
verb
-
estimate
,
estimating
,
estimates
,
estimated
to
form
a
rough
idea
of
the
size
,
amount
,
cost
,
or
value
of
something
without
knowing
the
exact
number
•
The
female
architect
estimated
that
the
new
bridge
would
cost
two
million
dollars
.
The
female
architect
estimated
that
the
new
bridge
would
cost
two
million
dollars
.
•
Scientists
estimate
the
dinosaur
was
as
long
as
a
school
bus
.
Scientists
estimate
the
dinosaur
was
as
long
as
a
school
bus
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
aestimare
meaning
“
to
value
,
appraise
.”
noun
a
rough
calculation
or
judgment
of
the
size
,
amount
,
cost
,
or
value
of
something
•
Her
rough
estimate
put
the
journey
at
20
kilometers
.
Her
rough
estimate
put
the
journey
at
20
kilometers
.
•
According
to
the
latest
estimate
,
the
city
’
s
population
has
doubled
.
According
to
the
latest
estimate
,
the
city
’
s
population
has
doubled
.
noun
a
written
or
spoken
statement
that
tells
you
how
much
a
job
or
service
will
probably
cost
•
The
mechanic
gave
us
an
estimate
before
fixing
the
engine
.
The
mechanic
gave
us
an
estimate
before
fixing
the
engine
.
•
Get
three
different
estimates
before
choosing
a
moving
company
.
Get
three
different
estimates
before
choosing
a
moving
company
.
approximately
adverb
close
to
a
particular
number
,
amount
,
time
,
or
quantity
but
not
exactly
•
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
The
flight
will
take
approximately
three
hours
.
•
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
There
were
approximately
fifty
students
in
the
hall
before
the
concert
began
.
From
Latin
approximatus
,
past
participle
of
appropiare
“
to
come
nearer
,”
with
the
adverbial
suffix
–ly
added
to
approximate
.
ultimate
adjective
coming
at
the
very
end
of
a
series
or
process
;
final
•
Crossing
the
finish
line
was
the
ultimate
moment
of
the
marathon
for
her
.
Crossing
the
finish
line
was
the
ultimate
moment
of
the
marathon
for
her
.
•
Passing
the
exam
is
the
ultimate
step
before
becoming
a
doctor
.
Passing
the
exam
is
the
ultimate
step
before
becoming
a
doctor
.
From
Latin
ultimus
“
farthest
,
last
”.
adjective
being
the
best
,
greatest
,
or
most
extreme
of
its
kind
•
For
many
gamers
,
this
console
is
the
ultimate
machine
.
For
many
gamers
,
this
console
is
the
ultimate
machine
.
•
They
booked
the
ultimate
luxury
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
.
They
booked
the
ultimate
luxury
suite
overlooking
the
ocean
.
adjective
relating
to
the
most
basic
or
fundamental
reason
,
fact
,
or
level
•
Greed
was
the
ultimate
cause
of
the
collapse
.
Greed
was
the
ultimate
cause
of
the
collapse
.
•
Scientists
search
for
the
ultimate
truth
about
the
universe
.
Scientists
search
for
the
ultimate
truth
about
the
universe
.
noun
the
best
or
most
extreme
example
of
something
•
For
her
,
Paris
in
spring
is
the
ultimate
.
For
her
,
Paris
in
spring
is
the
ultimate
.
•
The
hotel
claims
its
spa
is
the
ultimate
in
relaxation
.
The
hotel
claims
its
spa
is
the
ultimate
in
relaxation
.
Ultimate
noun
-
Ultimate
a
fast-paced
team
sport
played
with
a
flying
disc
,
officially
called
ultimate
frisbee
•
Every
Saturday
,
we
play
Ultimate
in
the
park
.
Every
Saturday
,
we
play
Ultimate
in
the
park
.
•
She
joined
the
university
Ultimate
team
.
She
joined
the
university
Ultimate
team
.
Shortened
from
the
full
name
“
ultimate
frisbee
,”
first
played
in
the
late
1960s
in
the
United
States
.
legitimate
adjective
allowed
by
law
or
by
official
rules
•
The
police
needed
a
legitimate
reason
to
search
the
house
.
The
police
needed
a
legitimate
reason
to
search
the
house
.
•
Only
legitimate
businesses
can
apply
for
the
city
grant
.
Only
legitimate
businesses
can
apply
for
the
city
grant
.
From
Late
Latin
legitimatus
,
past
participle
of
legitimare
“
to
make
lawful
”,
from
Latin
legitimus
“
lawful
,”
from
lex
“
law
.”
adjective
reasonable
and
acceptable
•
It's
a
legitimate
concern
that
the
project
might
run
over
budget
.
It's
a
legitimate
concern
that
the
project
might
run
over
budget
.
•
The
teacher
gave
a
legitimate
extension
after
the
storm
cut
the
power
.
The
teacher
gave
a
legitimate
extension
after
the
storm
cut
the
power
.
adjective
born
to
parents
who
are
legally
married
to
each
other
•
As
a
legitimate
heir
,
she
inherited
the
family
estate
.
As
a
legitimate
heir
,
she
inherited
the
family
estate
.
•
In
the
past
,
only
legitimate
children
could
claim
the
throne
.
In
the
past
,
only
legitimate
children
could
claim
the
throne
.
verb
-
legitimate
,
legitimating
,
legitimates
,
legitimated
to
make
something
lawful
,
acceptable
,
or
officially
recognized
•
The
vote
will
legitimate
the
committee's
decision
.
The
vote
will
legitimate
the
committee's
decision
.
•
A
new
law
legitimated
the
small
businesses
operating
from
home
.
A
new
law
legitimated
the
small
businesses
operating
from
home
.
mate
noun
a
person
’
s
husband
or
wife
•
My
grandmother
still
keeps
the
love
letters
she
wrote
to
her
late
mate
during
the
war
.
My
grandmother
still
keeps
the
love
letters
she
wrote
to
her
late
mate
during
the
war
.
•
Choosing
a
life
mate
is
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
anyone
makes
.
Choosing
a
life
mate
is
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
anyone
makes
.
From
Middle
English
‘
mate
’,
short
for
‘
teammate
,
companion
’,
influenced
by
Low
German
‘
gemate
’
meaning
companion
or
spouse
.
noun
informal
:
a
friend
;
a
person
you
are
on
friendly
terms
with
•
Cheers
,
mate
,
I
’
ll
buy
the
next
round
.
Cheers
,
mate
,
I
’
ll
buy
the
next
round
.
•
I
haven
’
t
seen
my
old
school
mate
in
years
.
I
haven
’
t
seen
my
old
school
mate
in
years
.
Evolved
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
companion
’,
popularized
in
British
naval
slang
and
later
general
usage
.
noun
an
animal
’
s
partner
for
breeding
•
The
female
eagle
searched
the
cliffs
for
a
strong
mate
.
The
female
eagle
searched
the
cliffs
for
a
strong
mate
.
•
Once
seahorses
find
a
mate
,
they
perform
a
graceful
dance
together
.
Once
seahorses
find
a
mate
,
they
perform
a
graceful
dance
together
.
Sense
extended
from
human
‘
spouse
’
to
general
pairing
in
the
animal
kingdom
.
verb
-
mate
,
mating
,
mates
,
mated
(
of
animals
)
to
pair
and
reproduce
•
Scientists
released
wolves
into
the
park
so
they
could
mate
and
strengthen
the
population
.
Scientists
released
wolves
into
the
park
so
they
could
mate
and
strengthen
the
population
.
•
Parrots
usually
mate
for
life
,
forming
strong
bonds
.
Parrots
usually
mate
for
life
,
forming
strong
bonds
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
noun
‘
mate
’
meaning
partner
,
first
recorded
in
the
16th
century
for
animal
breeding
.
verb
-
mate
,
mating
,
mates
,
mated
to
fit
or
join
two
parts
so
they
match
or
connect
correctly
•
Push
the
plug
in
firmly
so
the
pins
mate
with
the
socket
.
Push
the
plug
in
firmly
so
the
pins
mate
with
the
socket
.
•
These
two
gears
are
designed
to
mate
smoothly
without
slipping
.
These
two
gears
are
designed
to
mate
smoothly
without
slipping
.
Mechanical
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
by
analogy
with
pairing
animals
or
partners
.
noun
an
officer
on
a
ship
who
ranks
just
below
the
captain
•
The
first
mate
gave
orders
to
the
crew
as
the
storm
approached
.
The
first
mate
gave
orders
to
the
crew
as
the
storm
approached
.
•
After
years
at
sea
,
she
was
promoted
to
chief
mate
.
After
years
at
sea
,
she
was
promoted
to
chief
mate
.
Originally
a
general
term
for
‘
companion
’;
in
the
15th
century
adopted
by
sailors
for
subordinate
officers
.
noun
in
chess
,
a
position
in
which
a
player
’
s
king
is
in
check
and
cannot
escape
;
checkmate
•
With
a
clever
queen
sacrifice
,
she
forced
mate
in
three
moves
.
With
a
clever
queen
sacrifice
,
she
forced
mate
in
three
moves
.
•
After
hours
of
play
,
the
grandmaster
finally
announced
‘
Mate
’.
After
hours
of
play
,
the
grandmaster
finally
announced
‘
Mate
’.
Shortened
from
‘
checkmate
’,
which
came
via
French
from
Persian
‘
shāh
māt
’
meaning
‘
the
king
is
dead
’.
estimated
adjective
calculated
as
an
approximate
amount
,
size
,
or
value
rather
than
an
exact
figure
.
•
The
project
will
cost
an
estimated
$2
million
.
The
project
will
cost
an
estimated
$2
million
.
•
Delivery
time
is
an
estimated
three
days
,
according
to
the
website
.
Delivery
time
is
an
estimated
three
days
,
according
to
the
website
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
“
estimate
,”
meaning
“
to
calculate
roughly
.”
verb
-
estimate
,
estimating
,
estimates
,
estimated
simple
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
estimate
:
judged
or
calculated
something
approximately
.
•
The
engineer
estimated
the
weight
of
the
bridge
before
construction
began
.
The
engineer
estimated
the
weight
of
the
bridge
before
construction
began
.
•
They
had
estimated
that
the
journey
would
take
four
hours
,
but
traffic
made
it
longer
.
They
had
estimated
that
the
journey
would
take
four
hours
,
but
traffic
made
it
longer
.
From
Latin
“
aestimatus
,”
past
participle
of
“
aestimare
,”
meaning
“
to
value
,
appraise
.”
teammate
noun
a
person
who
plays
or
works
on
the
same
team
as
you
•
After
scoring
the
winning
goal
,
Maria
hugged
her
teammate
in
celebration
.
After
scoring
the
winning
goal
,
Maria
hugged
her
teammate
in
celebration
.
•
During
the
school
science
fair
,
Jake
helped
his
teammate
reconnect
a
loose
wire
on
their
display
.
During
the
school
science
fair
,
Jake
helped
his
teammate
reconnect
a
loose
wire
on
their
display
.
From
team
+
mate
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
in
reference
to
sports
teams
.
inmate
noun
A
person
who
is
kept
in
a
prison
or
jail
as
punishment
or
while
waiting
for
trial
.
•
The
inmate
spent
hours
reading
in
his
small
cell
.
The
inmate
spent
hours
reading
in
his
small
cell
.
•
Guards
escorted
the
inmate
to
the
dining
hall
for
lunch
.
Guards
escorted
the
inmate
to
the
dining
hall
for
lunch
.
From
early
modern
English
in-
(“
inside
”)
+
mate
(“
companion
,
fellow
”).
Originally
meant
‘
fellow
resident
’;
later
narrowed
to
‘
prisoner
’.
noun
A
person
who
lives
in
and
is
cared
for
by
an
institution
such
as
a
hospital
,
nursing
home
,
or
orphanage
.
•
The
nursing
home
inmates
gathered
in
the
lounge
to
watch
television
.
The
nursing
home
inmates
gathered
in
the
lounge
to
watch
television
.
•
During
visiting
hours
,
families
came
to
see
the
hospital
inmates
.
During
visiting
hours
,
families
came
to
see
the
hospital
inmates
.
First
used
in
the
16th
century
to
mean
‘
one
who
shares
a
house
’;
later
broadened
to
include
residents
of
charitable
and
medical
institutions
.
intimate
adjective
having
a
very
close
and
trusting
personal
relationship
•
Emma
and
Lily
have
been
intimate
friends
since
kindergarten
,
sharing
every
secret
.
Emma
and
Lily
have
been
intimate
friends
since
kindergarten
,
sharing
every
secret
.
•
The
professor
kept
an
intimate
bond
with
his
former
students
,
attending
many
of
their
weddings
.
The
professor
kept
an
intimate
bond
with
his
former
students
,
attending
many
of
their
weddings
.
adjective
private
and
personal
,
meant
for
only
a
few
people
to
know
•
She
refused
to
share
her
intimate
thoughts
with
the
journalist
.
She
refused
to
share
her
intimate
thoughts
with
the
journalist
.
•
The
diary
was
full
of
intimate
reflections
about
his
childhood
.
The
diary
was
full
of
intimate
reflections
about
his
childhood
.
adjective
small
,
cozy
,
and
comfortable
,
creating
a
feeling
of
closeness
•
The
couple
chose
a
tiny
,
intimate
restaurant
for
their
anniversary
dinner
.
The
couple
chose
a
tiny
,
intimate
restaurant
for
their
anniversary
dinner
.
•
Only
close
family
attended
the
intimate
ceremony
in
the
garden
.
Only
close
family
attended
the
intimate
ceremony
in
the
garden
.
adjective
showing
or
having
detailed
and
thorough
knowledge
of
something
•
She
has
an
intimate
understanding
of
medieval
history
.
She
has
an
intimate
understanding
of
medieval
history
.
•
Local
guides
possess
intimate
knowledge
of
the
jungle
paths
.
Local
guides
possess
intimate
knowledge
of
the
jungle
paths
.
adjective
involving
romantic
or
sexual
closeness
•
The
movie
fades
out
just
before
the
couple
become
intimate
.
The
movie
fades
out
just
before
the
couple
become
intimate
.
•
They
avoided
intimate
topics
on
their
first
date
.
They
avoided
intimate
topics
on
their
first
date
.
verb
-
intimate
,
intimating
,
intimates
,
intimated
to
suggest
or
communicate
something
in
an
indirect
or
subtle
way
•
The
manager
intimated
that
promotions
would
be
announced
soon
.
The
manager
intimated
that
promotions
would
be
announced
soon
.
•
Her
letter
intimates
she
might
visit
in
the
spring
.
Her
letter
intimates
she
might
visit
in
the
spring
.
noun
a
very
close
friend
•
Only
his
long-time
intimate
knew
the
full
story
.
Only
his
long-time
intimate
knew
the
full
story
.
•
Among
the
many
guests
,
she
spoke
freely
only
with
her
intimates
.
Among
the
many
guests
,
she
spoke
freely
only
with
her
intimates
.