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π
hall
noun
a
large
room
or
separate
building
used
for
public
events
such
as
meetings
,
concerts
,
exhibitions
,
or
sports
β’
The
graduation
ceremony
was
held
in
the
town
hall
.
The
graduation
ceremony
was
held
in
the
town
hall
.
β’
Fans
cheered
as
the
band
walked
onto
the
concert
hall
stage
.
Fans
cheered
as
the
band
walked
onto
the
concert
hall
stage
.
Old
English
"
heall
",
from
Proto-Germanic
*hallΕ
,
meaning
a
covered
place
or
roofed
chamber
.
noun
a
narrow
passage
or
corridor
inside
a
building
that
connects
rooms
β’
Hang
your
coat
in
the
hall
before
you
come
in
.
Hang
your
coat
in
the
hall
before
you
come
in
.
β’
The
bathroom
is
down
the
hall
on
the
left
.
The
bathroom
is
down
the
hall
on
the
left
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
;
extended
in
American
English
to
mean
the
connecting
passage
inside
a
house
.
noun
a
building
or
group
of
buildings
where
university
students
live
and
often
eat
together
β’
In
her
first
year
,
Emma
lived
in
hall
close
to
the
library
.
In
her
first
year
,
Emma
lived
in
hall
close
to
the
library
.
β’
The
university
hall
serves
breakfast
from
7
a
.
m
.
The
university
hall
serves
breakfast
from
7
a
.
m
.
Sense
developed
at
British
universities
in
the
19th
century
,
referring
to
students
β
communal
living
quarters
.
hallway
noun
a
long
,
narrow
passage
inside
a
building
that
connects
rooms
or
leads
to
other
areas
β’
The
children
hung
their
coats
in
the
hallway
before
running
into
the
living
room
.
The
children
hung
their
coats
in
the
hallway
before
running
into
the
living
room
.
β’
A
dim
light
at
the
end
of
the
hallway
showed
where
the
bathroom
was
.
A
dim
light
at
the
end
of
the
hallway
showed
where
the
bathroom
was
.
formed
from
β
hall
β
+
β
way
,β
first
recorded
in
American
English
in
the
late
19th
century
noun
the
small
area
just
inside
the
front
door
of
a
house
or
apartment
where
people
often
leave
coats
or
shoes
β’
Rain
boots
were
lined
up
neatly
in
the
hallway
by
the
door
.
Rain
boots
were
lined
up
neatly
in
the
hallway
by
the
door
.
β’
He
greeted
guests
in
the
hallway
and
took
their
umbrellas
.
He
greeted
guests
in
the
hallway
and
took
their
umbrellas
.
same
origin
as
main
sense
;
over
time
it
also
came
to
mean
the
entrance
area
around
the
front
door
challenge
noun
something
that
is
difficult
and
needs
effort
,
skill
,
or
courage
to
do
β’
Climbing
the
high
rock
wall
was
a
big
challenge
for
Mia
.
Climbing
the
high
rock
wall
was
a
big
challenge
for
Mia
.
β’
Learning
to
play
the
violin
is
a
real
challenge
,
but
Alex
practices
every
day
.
Learning
to
play
the
violin
is
a
real
challenge
,
but
Alex
practices
every
day
.
From
Old
French
β
chalenge
β,
later
β
challenge
β,
from
Latin
β
calumnia
β
meaning
β
false
accusation
β,
which
over
time
shifted
to
a
sense
of
calling
someone
to
prove
themselves
.
noun
a
call
or
invitation
to
compete
or
prove
who
is
better
β’
The
chess
champion
accepted
the
young
boy's
challenge
to
a
match
.
The
chess
champion
accepted
the
young
boy's
challenge
to
a
match
.
β’
Our
school
sent
a
challenge
to
the
neighboring
team
for
a
soccer
game
.
Our
school
sent
a
challenge
to
the
neighboring
team
for
a
soccer
game
.
verb
-
challenge
,
challenging
,
challenges
,
challenged
to
invite
someone
to
compete
or
try
something
difficult
β’
Leo
challenged
his
sister
to
a
game
of
checkers
.
Leo
challenged
his
sister
to
a
game
of
checkers
.
β’
The
coach
will
challenge
the
runners
to
beat
their
own
records
.
The
coach
will
challenge
the
runners
to
beat
their
own
records
.
verb
-
challenge
,
challenging
,
challenges
,
challenged
to
say
that
you
doubt
something
is
true
,
fair
,
or
right
and
demand
proof
or
change
β’
When
the
bill
seemed
too
high
,
Dad
challenged
the
shop's
total
.
When
the
bill
seemed
too
high
,
Dad
challenged
the
shop's
total
.
β’
Scientists
often
challenge
old
ideas
with
new
experiments
.
Scientists
often
challenge
old
ideas
with
new
experiments
.
shall
verb
-
shall
,
should
used
in
questions
to
politely
suggest
,
offer
,
or
ask
what
the
speaker
and
listener
should
do
β’
It's
getting
cold
;
shall
we
go
inside
?
It's
getting
cold
;
shall
we
go
inside
?
β’
Shall
I
carry
these
bags
for
you
?
Shall
I
carry
these
bags
for
you
?
Old
English
sceal
,
first-person
singular
of
sculan
β
to
owe
,
be
obliged
to
,β
later
developing
modal
meanings
of
obligation
and
futurity
.
verb
-
shall
,
should
used
in
formal
rules
,
contracts
,
or
laws
to
state
that
something
is
required
or
must
happen
β’
All
visitors
shall
sign
the
logbook
upon
arrival
.
All
visitors
shall
sign
the
logbook
upon
arrival
.
β’
The
contractor
shall
complete
the
project
by
March
1st
.
The
contractor
shall
complete
the
project
by
March
1st
.
verb
-
shall
,
should
used
especially
in
formal
or
old-fashioned
English
to
express
strong
intention
,
promise
,
or
simple
future
time
β’
I
shall
return
before
sunset
.
I
shall
return
before
sunset
.
β’
You
shall
have
your
answer
tomorrow
.
You
shall
have
your
answer
tomorrow
.
challenging
adjective
-
challenge
,
challenging
,
challenges
,
challenged
difficult
in
a
way
that
tests
your
skills
,
effort
,
or
determination
and
can
be
rewarding
when
you
succeed
.
β’
Climbing
the
steep
mountain
trail
was
challenging
,
but
the
view
at
the
top
made
it
worthwhile
.
Climbing
the
steep
mountain
trail
was
challenging
,
but
the
view
at
the
top
made
it
worthwhile
.
β’
The
new
video
game
is
so
challenging
that
even
expert
players
struggle
to
finish
it
.
The
new
video
game
is
so
challenging
that
even
expert
players
struggle
to
finish
it
.
Formed
from
the
verb
β
challenge
β
+
suffix
β
-ing
β;
first
recorded
in
the
mid-1800s
to
describe
something
that
invites
effort
or
contest
.
shallow
adjective
-
shallow
,
shallower
,
shallowest
not
deep
;
measuring
only
a
short
distance
from
the
top
surface
downward
β’
The
kids
splashed
safely
in
the
shallow
end
of
the
pool
.
The
kids
splashed
safely
in
the
shallow
end
of
the
pool
.
β’
He
could
see
the
smooth
stones
on
the
riverbed
through
the
shallow
water
.
He
could
see
the
smooth
stones
on
the
riverbed
through
the
shallow
water
.
From
Old
English
sceald
,
meaning
β
not
deep
β,
related
to
Dutch
schel
β
thin
β.
adjective
-
shallow
,
shallower
,
shallowest
showing
little
thought
,
feeling
,
or
knowledge
;
superficial
β’
The
movie
was
criticized
for
its
shallow
characters
and
predictable
plot
.
The
movie
was
criticized
for
its
shallow
characters
and
predictable
plot
.
β’
She
realized
her
friendship
with
him
had
been
shallow
and
based
only
on
social
media
likes
.
She
realized
her
friendship
with
him
had
been
shallow
and
based
only
on
social
media
likes
.
Figurative
sense
recorded
from
the
16th
century
,
extending
physical
β
not
deep
β
to
ideas
and
emotions
.
noun
-
shallow
,
shallower
,
shallowest
a
place
in
a
body
of
water
where
the
depth
is
small
β’
Fish
often
gather
in
the
shallow
near
the
riverbank
.
Fish
often
gather
in
the
shallow
near
the
riverbank
.
β’
The
boat
ran
aground
on
a
hidden
shallow
.
The
boat
ran
aground
on
a
hidden
shallow
.
Noun
use
developed
from
the
adjective
in
Middle
English
,
referring
to
the
shallow
parts
of
seas
and
rivers
.
verb
-
shallow
,
shallowing
,
shallows
,
shallowed
,
shallower
,
shallowest
to
become
less
deep
,
or
to
make
something
less
deep
β’
The
river
shallowed
as
it
approached
the
delta
.
The
river
shallowed
as
it
approached
the
delta
.
β’
Engineers
plan
to
shallow
the
canal
so
small
boats
can
pass
safely
.
Engineers
plan
to
shallow
the
canal
so
small
boats
can
pass
safely
.
Verb
use
arose
in
the
17th
century
from
the
adjective
,
patterned
after
pairs
like
β
short/shorten
β.
Halloween
noun
-
Halloween
the
evening
of
October
31
when
people
,
especially
children
,
celebrate
by
wearing
costumes
,
carving
pumpkins
,
playing
tricks
,
and
asking
for
sweets
from
houses
β’
On
Halloween
,
children
in
the
neighborhood
dressed
up
as
superheroes
and
went
door
to
door
collecting
candy
.
On
Halloween
,
children
in
the
neighborhood
dressed
up
as
superheroes
and
went
door
to
door
collecting
candy
.
β’
We
carved
a
spooky
pumpkin
together
the
night
before
Halloween
.
We
carved
a
spooky
pumpkin
together
the
night
before
Halloween
.
From
Scots
"
Hallowe'en
",
a
contraction
of
"
All
Hallows'
even
",
meaning
the
evening
before
All
Hallows'
Day
(
All
Saints'
Day
).