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hence
adverb
for
this
reason
;
as
a
result
•
The
weather
forecast
predicted
heavy
rain
;
hence
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
postponed
.
The
weather
forecast
predicted
heavy
rain
;
hence
,
the
outdoor
concert
was
postponed
.
•
Raw
materials
have
become
more
expensive
,
and
hence
production
costs
have
risen
.
Raw
materials
have
become
more
expensive
,
and
hence
production
costs
have
risen
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
English
hēonon
‘
from
here
’;
sense
of
‘
for
this
reason
’
developed
in
the
15th
century
.
adverb
starting
from
now
and
counting
forward
;
after
a
stated
period
of
time
•
The
next
solar
eclipse
visible
here
will
occur
seven
years
hence
.
The
next
solar
eclipse
visible
here
will
occur
seven
years
hence
.
•
Our
lease
expires
six
months
hence
.
Our
lease
expires
six
months
hence
.
adverb
from
this
place
;
away
from
here
(
archaic
or
literary
)
•
“
Go
hence
,
foul
spirit
!”
the
knight
commanded
.
“
Go
hence
,
foul
spirit
!”
the
knight
commanded
.
•
The
travelers
departed
hence
at
dawn
.
The
travelers
departed
hence
at
dawn
.
when
adverb
used
in
direct
or
indirect
questions
to
ask
or
talk
about
the
time
something
happens
•
When
is
the
next
bus
to
the
city
coming
?
When
is
the
next
bus
to
the
city
coming
?
•
Can
you
tell
me
when
the
doctor
’
s
office
opens
?
Can
you
tell
me
when
the
doctor
’
s
office
opens
?
conjunction
at
or
during
the
time
that
something
happens
•
Turn
off
the
stove
when
the
soup
starts
to
boil
.
Turn
off
the
stove
when
the
soup
starts
to
boil
.
•
We
were
cheering
when
our
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
We
were
cheering
when
our
team
scored
the
winning
goal
.
adverb
used
in
questions
to
ask
at
what
time
something
happens
•
When
is
your
birthday
?
When
is
your
birthday
?
•
Do
you
know
when
the
train
leaves
?
Do
you
know
when
the
train
leaves
?
Old
English
“
hwænne
”,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hwan
,
meaning
“
at
what
time
”.
conjunction
at
or
during
the
time
that
something
happens
•
Turn
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
the
room
.
Turn
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
the
room
.
•
He
was
cooking
when
the
phone
rang
.
He
was
cooking
when
the
phone
rang
.
Developed
from
Old
English
subordinating
use
of
“
hwænne
,”
keeping
the
sense
of
“
at
the
time
that
.”
noun
the
time
or
date
at
which
something
happens
•
We
still
have
to
decide
the
when
of
the
ceremony
.
We
still
have
to
decide
the
when
of
the
ceremony
.
•
Let
’
s
talk
about
the
where
and
the
when
.
Let
’
s
talk
about
the
where
and
the
when
.
Noun
use
recorded
from
the
1700s
,
abstracted
from
the
adverb
to
mean
“
the
specific
time
.”
then
adverb
at
that
time
,
either
in
the
past
or
in
the
future
•
Back
then
,
mobile
phones
were
the
size
of
bricks
.
Back
then
,
mobile
phones
were
the
size
of
bricks
.
•
I'll
finish
my
homework
by
six
;
we
can
eat
then
.
I'll
finish
my
homework
by
six
;
we
can
eat
then
.
adverb
after
that
;
next
in
order
or
time
•
We
had
lunch
and
then
took
a
walk
by
the
river
.
We
had
lunch
and
then
took
a
walk
by
the
river
.
•
Press
the
red
button
,
then
the
green
one
.
Press
the
red
button
,
then
the
green
one
.
conjunction
in
that
case
;
as
a
result
or
conclusion
•
If
you
are
tired
,
then
go
to
bed
.
If
you
are
tired
,
then
go
to
bed
.
•
If
the
train
is
late
,
then
we'll
catch
a
taxi
.
If
the
train
is
late
,
then
we'll
catch
a
taxi
.
adjective
existing
or
holding
a
particular
role
at
that
time
in
the
past
•
The
then
president
announced
new
reforms
.
The
then
president
announced
new
reforms
.
•
She
worked
closely
with
her
then
boss
.
She
worked
closely
with
her
then
boss
.
kitchen
noun
a
room
in
a
house
or
apartment
where
food
is
cooked
and
meals
may
be
prepared
or
eaten
•
Maria
opened
the
window
to
let
fresh
air
into
the
kitchen
while
she
baked
cookies
.
Maria
opened
the
window
to
let
fresh
air
into
the
kitchen
while
she
baked
cookies
.
•
The
family
gathered
around
the
small
table
in
their
kitchen
for
breakfast
.
The
family
gathered
around
the
small
table
in
their
kitchen
for
breakfast
.
Old
English
cycene
,
from
Late
Latin
coquina
,
from
Latin
coquere
“
to
cook
”.
noun
the
staff
,
equipment
,
and
working
area
in
a
restaurant
,
hotel
,
or
similar
establishment
where
food
is
professionally
prepared
•
The
head
chef
shouted
orders
across
the
kitchen
as
the
dinner
rush
began
.
The
head
chef
shouted
orders
across
the
kitchen
as
the
dinner
rush
began
.
•
Reporters
were
allowed
a
brief
tour
of
the
hotel's
kitchen
before
the
grand
opening
.
Reporters
were
allowed
a
brief
tour
of
the
hotel's
kitchen
before
the
grand
opening
.
Same
origin
as
the
main
sense
:
Old
English
cycene
,
from
Late
Latin
coquina
,
from
Latin
coquere
“
to
cook
”.
whenever
conjunction
every
time
that
something
happens
or
at
any
time
that
something
might
happen
•
Whenever
the
baby
cries
,
her
father
picks
her
up
.
Whenever
the
baby
cries
,
her
father
picks
her
up
.
•
Take
a
break
whenever
you
feel
tired
.
Take
a
break
whenever
you
feel
tired
.
adverb
at
whatever
time
;
at
an
unspecified
time
,
especially
in
questions
or
when
no
particular
time
is
important
•
Call
me
whenever
;
I'm
usually
at
home
in
the
evenings
.
Call
me
whenever
;
I'm
usually
at
home
in
the
evenings
.
•
We
can
start
the
meeting
whenever
suits
you
best
.
We
can
start
the
meeting
whenever
suits
you
best
.
conjunction
(
informal
,
US
)
at
the
specific
time
that
;
when
(
used
for
a
single
past
event
)
•
I
was
driving
to
work
whenever
I
saw
the
accident
.
I
was
driving
to
work
whenever
I
saw
the
accident
.
•
He
called
me
whenever
he
got
home
last
night
.
He
called
me
whenever
he
got
home
last
night
.
phenomenon
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
something
that
can
be
seen
,
felt
,
or
measured
,
especially
when
it
is
unusual
or
hard
to
explain
•
Tourists
huddled
under
blankets
to
watch
the
Northern
Lights
,
a
natural
phenomenon
of
swirling
green
and
purple
light
across
the
sky
.
Tourists
huddled
under
blankets
to
watch
the
Northern
Lights
,
a
natural
phenomenon
of
swirling
green
and
purple
light
across
the
sky
.
•
The
sudden
disappearance
of
honeybees
is
a
worrying
phenomenon
that
scientists
are
racing
to
understand
.
The
sudden
disappearance
of
honeybees
is
a
worrying
phenomenon
that
scientists
are
racing
to
understand
.
from
Greek
phainomenon
‘
thing
appearing
to
view
’,
from
phainein
‘
to
show
’
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
a
person
or
thing
that
is
extremely
impressive
,
successful
,
or
popular
•
The
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
phenomenon
,
defeating
grandmasters
twice
his
age
.
The
teenage
chess
prodigy
was
a
phenomenon
,
defeating
grandmasters
twice
his
age
.
•
The
small
indie
film
turned
into
a
global
phenomenon
,
topping
box-office
charts
for
weeks
.
The
small
indie
film
turned
into
a
global
phenomenon
,
topping
box-office
charts
for
weeks
.
extension
of
the
main
sense
‘
remarkable
thing
observed
’
to
describe
outstanding
people
or
trends
noun
-
phenomenon
,
phenomena
in
philosophy
,
a
thing
as
it
appears
to
and
is
experienced
by
the
senses
,
not
necessarily
as
it
is
in
itself
•
The
professor
explained
that
the
rainbow
we
see
is
a
phenomenon
,
while
the
real
properties
of
light
exist
independently
of
our
sight
.
The
professor
explained
that
the
rainbow
we
see
is
a
phenomenon
,
while
the
real
properties
of
light
exist
independently
of
our
sight
.
•
According
to
Kant
,
the
tree
in
front
of
you
is
a
phenomenon
shaped
by
your
senses
and
mind
.
According
to
Kant
,
the
tree
in
front
of
you
is
a
phenomenon
shaped
by
your
senses
and
mind
.
adopted
into
philosophical
use
in
the
18th
century
,
especially
by
Immanuel
Kant
,
to
contrast
with
‘
noumenon
’,
the
thing-in-itself
comprehensive
adjective
including
everything
that
is
needed
or
relevant
;
complete
and
thorough
•
The
report
gave
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
company's
finances
.
The
report
gave
a
comprehensive
overview
of
the
company's
finances
.
•
Before
the
hike
,
the
guide
packed
a
comprehensive
first-aid
kit
.
Before
the
hike
,
the
guide
packed
a
comprehensive
first-aid
kit
.
From
French
compréhensif
,
from
Latin
comprehendere
“
to
grasp
,
include
”.
noun
a
secondary
school
in
the
UK
that
accepts
students
of
all
abilities
without
entrance
exams
•
Martin
transferred
to
the
local
comprehensive
after
moving
to
London
.
Martin
transferred
to
the
local
comprehensive
after
moving
to
London
.
•
Some
parents
prefer
grammar
schools
,
while
others
choose
comprehensives
.
Some
parents
prefer
grammar
schools
,
while
others
choose
comprehensives
.
Short
for
comprehensive
school
,
first
used
in
British
education
reforms
of
the
mid-20th
century
.
strengthen
verb
to
make
someone
or
something
stronger
,
firmer
,
or
more
effective
•
Daily
exercise
can
strengthen
your
muscles
and
bones
.
Daily
exercise
can
strengthen
your
muscles
and
bones
.
•
Reading
every
day
will
strengthen
your
language
skills
.
Reading
every
day
will
strengthen
your
language
skills
.
From
Middle
English
strenghten
,
formed
from
strength
+
-en
(
a
verb-forming
suffix
).
verb
to
become
stronger
,
firmer
,
or
more
effective
•
After
weeks
of
therapy
,
his
injured
knee
finally
strengthened
.
After
weeks
of
therapy
,
his
injured
knee
finally
strengthened
.
•
The
wind
strengthened
as
the
storm
approached
the
coast
.
The
wind
strengthened
as
the
storm
approached
the
coast
.
From
Middle
English
strenghten
,
from
strength
+
-en
,
meaning
to
grow
strong
.