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of
preposition
showing
that
something
belongs
to
or
is
connected
with
someone
or
something
•
The
cover
of
the
book
was
bright
red
.
The
cover
of
the
book
was
bright
red
.
•
Maria
is
a
friend
of
my
sister
.
Maria
is
a
friend
of
my
sister
.
off
preposition
away
from
the
surface
or
edge
of
something
•
The
cat
jumped
off
the
sofa
and
ran
to
the
door
.
The
cat
jumped
off
the
sofa
and
ran
to
the
door
.
•
Please
keep
your
feet
off
the
table
.
Please
keep
your
feet
off
the
table
.
Old
English
‘
of
,
off
’
meaning
‘
away
,
away
from
’.
preposition
moving
away
from
or
down
from
a
place
,
surface
,
or
object
•
The
cat
jumped
off
the
table
.
The
cat
jumped
off
the
table
.
•
Please
take
your
feet
off
the
chair
.
Please
take
your
feet
off
the
chair
.
adverb
in
a
state
of
not
operating
because
power
or
supply
has
been
stopped
•
The
lights
are
off
while
we
watch
the
movie
.
The
lights
are
off
while
we
watch
the
movie
.
•
Turn
the
tap
off
when
you
finish
.
Turn
the
tap
off
when
you
finish
.
adverb
away
from
a
place
;
leaving
or
departing
•
She
waved
goodbye
and
drove
off
.
She
waved
goodbye
and
drove
off
.
•
The
train
pulled
off
at
noon
.
The
train
pulled
off
at
noon
.
From
Old
English
‘
of
,
off
’,
later
used
as
an
adverb
meaning
‘
away
’.
adverb
in
a
state
of
not
operating
,
not
connected
,
or
deactivated
•
Turn
the
lights
off
before
you
leave
.
Turn
the
lights
off
before
you
leave
.
•
The
TV
is
off
because
no
one
is
watching
.
The
TV
is
off
because
no
one
is
watching
.
Extended
from
the
idea
of
separation
:
a
device
‘
off
’
meaning
separated
from
power
.
adverb
leaving
or
starting
a
journey
or
activity
•
I
’
m
off
to
the
gym
now
.
I
’
m
off
to
the
gym
now
.
•
We
set
off
early
to
avoid
traffic
.
We
set
off
early
to
avoid
traffic
.
adverb
showing
a
reduction
in
the
regular
price
•
All
shoes
are
30%
off
this
weekend
.
All
shoes
are
30%
off
this
weekend
.
•
The
coupon
takes
five
dollars
off
your
bill
.
The
coupon
takes
five
dollars
off
your
bill
.
adjective
no
longer
fresh
;
spoiled
in
taste
or
smell
•
The
milk
smells
off
,
so
don
’
t
drink
it
.
The
milk
smells
off
,
so
don
’
t
drink
it
.
•
I
think
this
cheese
has
gone
off
.
I
think
this
cheese
has
gone
off
.
From
the
sense
of
being
‘
away
from
’
its
good
condition
.
adjective
not
happening
as
planned
;
cancelled
•
The
picnic
is
off
because
of
the
rain
.
The
picnic
is
off
because
of
the
rain
.
•
Our
meeting
is
off
until
next
week
.
Our
meeting
is
off
until
next
week
.
Likely
from
the
idea
of
being
‘
switched
off
’
or
‘
away
’
from
an
expected
schedule
.
adverb
showing
a
reduction
in
price
or
amount
•
All
shoes
are
30%
off
this
weekend
.
All
shoes
are
30%
off
this
weekend
.
•
You
can
get
five
dollars
off
with
this
coupon
.
You
can
get
five
dollars
off
with
this
coupon
.
Derived
from
subtracting
or
taking
away
,
figuratively
‘
off
’
the
total
.
adjective
(
of
food
or
drink
)
spoiled
and
no
longer
safe
to
eat
or
drink
•
The
milk
smells
off
,
so
pour
it
away
.
The
milk
smells
off
,
so
pour
it
away
.
•
We
threw
the
chicken
out
because
it
looked
off
.
We
threw
the
chicken
out
because
it
looked
off
.
adjective
strange
,
wrong
,
or
not
quite
right
•
Something
felt
off
about
his
story
.
Something
felt
off
about
his
story
.
•
The
colors
on
the
screen
look
a
bit
off
.
The
colors
on
the
screen
look
a
bit
off
.
preposition
located
near
but
not
directly
on
something
•
They
live
just
off
the
main
road
.
They
live
just
off
the
main
road
.
•
The
island
lies
twenty
miles
off
the
coast
.
The
island
lies
twenty
miles
off
the
coast
.
often
adverb
-
often
,
oftener
,
oftenest
many
times
or
on
many
occasions
•
I
often
walk
to
work
instead
of
taking
the
bus
.
I
often
walk
to
work
instead
of
taking
the
bus
.
•
They
often
go
camping
in
the
mountains
during
summer
.
They
often
go
camping
in
the
mountains
during
summer
.
Old
English
“
oft
”
meaning
“
frequently
,”
with
the
–en
suffix
added
in
Middle
English
for
adverbial
use
.
office
noun
a
room
,
set
of
rooms
,
or
building
where
people
do
desk
or
administrative
work
•
Mia
arrives
at
her
office
every
morning
at
eight
o'clock
.
Mia
arrives
at
her
office
every
morning
at
eight
o'clock
.
•
During
the
summer
,
the
office
gets
comfortably
cool
thanks
to
the
air-conditioning
.
During
the
summer
,
the
office
gets
comfortably
cool
thanks
to
the
air-conditioning
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
office
,”
from
Latin
“
officium
”
meaning
‘
service
,
duty
’.
noun
a
position
or
role
with
official
duties
,
especially
in
government
or
an
organization
•
After
the
election
,
she
took
office
as
the
country's
first
female
mayor
.
After
the
election
,
she
took
office
as
the
country's
first
female
mayor
.
•
He
hopes
to
run
for
office
when
he
turns
thirty
.
He
hopes
to
run
for
office
when
he
turns
thirty
.
Same
Latin
root
“
officium
”
also
gave
the
sense
of
a
role
or
duty
carried
out
for
the
state
or
community
.
noun
a
department
or
agency
of
a
government
or
large
organization
that
deals
with
a
particular
kind
of
work
•
You
can
renew
your
passport
at
the
passport
office
in
the
city
center
.
You
can
renew
your
passport
at
the
passport
office
in
the
city
center
.
•
The
tourist
office
gave
us
a
free
map
of
the
town
.
The
tourist
office
gave
us
a
free
map
of
the
town
.
This
sense
developed
as
specific
branches
of
authority
took
on
specialized
duties
,
each
known
as
an
“
office
.”
offer
verb
to
present
something
to
someone
so
they
can
accept
or
refuse
it
•
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
She
offered
her
seat
to
the
elderly
man
on
the
crowded
bus
.
•
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
At
the
picnic
,
the
boy
politely
offered
his
last
slice
of
watermelon
to
his
friend
.
Old
English
offrian
,
from
Latin
offerre
‘
to
present
,
bring
before
’.
noun
a
special
price
or
deal
that
lets
you
buy
something
more
cheaply
than
usual
•
The
supermarket
had
a
‘
buy
one
get
one
free
’
offer
on
cereal
this
week
.
The
supermarket
had
a
‘
buy
one
get
one
free
’
offer
on
cereal
this
week
.
•
I
found
a
great
holiday
offer
online
that
includes
flights
and
hotels
.
I
found
a
great
holiday
offer
online
that
includes
flights
and
hotels
.
Commercial
sense
developed
in
the
20th
century
as
marketing
language
for
discounts
.
verb
to
present
something
to
someone
so
that
they
can
accept
or
refuse
it
•
He
politely
offered
his
seat
to
the
elderly
woman
on
the
bus
.
He
politely
offered
his
seat
to
the
elderly
woman
on
the
bus
.
•
The
waiter
offered
a
glass
of
water
as
soon
as
we
sat
down
.
The
waiter
offered
a
glass
of
water
as
soon
as
we
sat
down
.
Old
English
‘
offrian
’,
from
Latin
‘
offerre
’
meaning
“
to
present
,
to
bring
before
”.
noun
a
proposal
to
give
,
do
,
or
buy
something
that
someone
can
accept
or
reject
•
She
received
an
offer
to
work
abroad
for
a
year
.
She
received
an
offer
to
work
abroad
for
a
year
.
•
The
first
buyer
made
an
offer
that
was
too
low
.
The
first
buyer
made
an
offer
that
was
too
low
.
verb
to
say
you
are
willing
to
do
or
give
something
•
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
He
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
•
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Maria
offered
to
stay
late
at
the
office
to
finish
the
report
.
Developed
from
the
earlier
sense
of
‘
presenting
something
’,
extending
to
the
speaker
’
s
willingness
.
verb
to
provide
or
make
something
available
•
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
The
museum
offers
guided
tours
in
several
languages
.
•
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
This
smartphone
offers
twelve
hours
of
battery
life
on
a
single
charge
.
Sense
broadened
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
services
and
opportunities
made
available
.
noun
a
proposal
to
give
something
or
to
do
something
,
waiting
for
acceptance
•
They
accepted
the
job
offer
within
an
hour
.
They
accepted
the
job
offer
within
an
hour
.
•
The
buyer
’
s
first
offer
on
the
house
was
too
low
.
The
buyer
’
s
first
offer
on
the
house
was
too
low
.
Derived
from
the
verb
use
,
first
recorded
as
a
noun
meaning
‘
proposal
’
in
the
late
16th
century
.
verb
to
say
you
are
willing
to
do
something
for
someone
•
She
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
She
offered
to
carry
the
heavy
suitcase
up
the
stairs
.
•
They
offered
to
babysit
so
we
could
have
a
night
out
.
They
offered
to
babysit
so
we
could
have
a
night
out
.
verb
to
provide
or
make
something
available
for
people
to
use
or
get
•
The
hotel
offers
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
The
hotel
offers
free
Wi-Fi
in
every
room
.
•
Our
school
offers
French
classes
on
Wednesday
evenings
.
Our
school
offers
French
classes
on
Wednesday
evenings
.
noun
a
reduced
price
or
special
deal
for
a
product
or
service
•
The
supermarket
has
a
special
offer
on
strawberries
this
week
.
The
supermarket
has
a
special
offer
on
strawberries
this
week
.
•
Buy
one
,
get
one
free
is
my
favorite
kind
of
offer
.
Buy
one
,
get
one
free
is
my
favorite
kind
of
offer
.
official
adjective
coming
from
,
approved
by
,
or
representing
a
person
or
group
that
has
formal
power
or
authority
•
The
company
released
an
official
statement
about
the
merger
.
The
company
released
an
official
statement
about
the
merger
.
•
Only
documents
with
an
official
stamp
are
accepted
at
the
embassy
.
Only
documents
with
an
official
stamp
are
accepted
at
the
embassy
.
adjective
connected
to
the
duties
,
events
,
or
things
someone
does
as
part
of
their
job
or
position
,
not
their
private
life
•
Her
official
title
is
“
Chief
Financial
Officer
.”
Her
official
title
is
“
Chief
Financial
Officer
.”
•
During
an
official
visit
to
Japan
,
the
president
met
the
emperor
.
During
an
official
visit
to
Japan
,
the
president
met
the
emperor
.
adjective
approved
,
made
,
or
done
by
people
in
authority
and
therefore
accepted
as
true
or
lawful
,
not
personal
or
unofficial
•
The
government
released
an
official
report
on
the
new
law
.
The
government
released
an
official
report
on
the
new
law
.
•
"
Please
show
some
official
identification
at
the
entrance
,"
the
guard
said
.
"
Please
show
some
official
identification
at
the
entrance
,"
the
guard
said
.
from
Medieval
Latin
officiālis
“
of
duty
or
office
,”
from
Latin
officium
“
service
,
duty
”
noun
a
person
who
holds
a
position
of
authority
in
an
organization
or
government
•
A
health
official
warned
the
public
about
the
flu
outbreak
.
A
health
official
warned
the
public
about
the
flu
outbreak
.
•
Match
officials
checked
the
field
before
the
game
began
.
Match
officials
checked
the
field
before
the
game
began
.
from
Medieval
Latin
officiālis
“
person
in
charge
of
an
office
,”
from
Latin
officium
“
service
,
duty
”
noun
a
person
who
holds
an
important
job
in
a
government
,
organization
,
or
sporting
event
and
has
the
power
to
make
decisions
•
A
city
official
inspected
the
restaurant
’
s
kitchen
.
A
city
official
inspected
the
restaurant
’
s
kitchen
.
•
The
soccer
official
blew
the
whistle
to
start
the
match
.
The
soccer
official
blew
the
whistle
to
start
the
match
.
officer
noun
a
member
of
the
police
who
has
official
authority
to
enforce
the
law
•
Two
officers
stood
at
the
crossroads
,
calmly
directing
traffic
.
Two
officers
stood
at
the
crossroads
,
calmly
directing
traffic
.
•
The
officer
asked
to
see
my
driver's
license
.
The
officer
asked
to
see
my
driver's
license
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-Norman
French
,
from
Old
French
oficier
,
based
on
Latin
officium
‘
office
’.
noun
a
person
in
the
armed
forces
who
holds
a
position
of
authority
,
usually
obtained
by
a
commission
•
The
naval
officer
gave
the
order
to
raise
the
anchor
.
The
naval
officer
gave
the
order
to
raise
the
anchor
.
•
Cadets
dream
of
becoming
officers
after
graduation
.
Cadets
dream
of
becoming
officers
after
graduation
.
noun
a
person
with
an
important
position
and
responsibility
in
a
company
,
government
department
,
or
other
organization
•
The
chief
financial
officer
presented
the
annual
report
to
shareholders
.
The
chief
financial
officer
presented
the
annual
report
to
shareholders
.
•
As
a
safety
officer
,
she
checks
every
machine
each
morning
.
As
a
safety
officer
,
she
checks
every
machine
each
morning
.
verb
to
provide
with
officers
or
to
command
as
an
officer
•
Experienced
captains
officer
the
training
vessel
each
summer
.
Experienced
captains
officer
the
training
vessel
each
summer
.
•
The
company
officered
the
project
with
seasoned
managers
.
The
company
officered
the
project
with
seasoned
managers
.
professor
noun
a
teacher
at
a
college
or
university
,
especially
one
who
holds
the
highest
academic
rank
and
also
does
research
•
After
class
,
the
professor
stayed
to
answer
the
students'
questions
.
After
class
,
the
professor
stayed
to
answer
the
students'
questions
.
•
The
professor
published
a
new
paper
on
climate
change
.
The
professor
published
a
new
paper
on
climate
change
.
from
Latin
"
professor
"
meaning
"
one
who
declares
publicly
,"
later
"
person
who
teaches
a
branch
of
knowledge
"
Professor
noun
-
Professor
a
respectful
title
placed
before
someone's
last
name
to
show
that
the
person
is
a
professor
•
Professor
Chen
will
chair
the
meeting
at
noon
.
Professor
Chen
will
chair
the
meeting
at
noon
.
•
We
invited
Professor
Adams
to
deliver
the
commencement
speech
.
We
invited
Professor
Adams
to
deliver
the
commencement
speech
.
title
use
started
in
the
18th
century
,
capitalized
before
a
name
professional
adjective
relating
to
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
is
done
for
pay
rather
than
as
a
hobby
•
Maria
hired
a
professional
photographer
for
her
wedding
.
Maria
hired
a
professional
photographer
for
her
wedding
.
•
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
professional
musician
instead
of
playing
in
his
garage
on
weekends
.
He
dreams
of
becoming
a
professional
musician
instead
of
playing
in
his
garage
on
weekends
.
adjective
behaving
in
a
polite
,
skilled
,
and
responsible
way
that
people
expect
in
the
workplace
•
Even
when
the
customer
yelled
,
the
clerk
stayed
calm
and
professional
.
Even
when
the
customer
yelled
,
the
clerk
stayed
calm
and
professional
.
•
Your
report
looks
very
professional
with
those
clear
charts
.
Your
report
looks
very
professional
with
those
clear
charts
.
noun
a
person
who
does
a
job
that
needs
special
training
and
who
is
paid
for
that
work
•
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
You
should
let
a
professional
fix
the
wiring
instead
of
doing
it
yourself
.
•
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
Doctors
,
lawyers
,
and
teachers
are
all
examples
of
professionals
.
noun
a
person
with
special
training
and
qualifications
who
does
a
skilled
job
as
their
main
paid
work
•
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
The
hospital
hired
a
professional
to
maintain
its
computer
network
.
•
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
If
you
are
unsure
about
your
taxes
,
talk
to
a
financial
professional
.
noun
a
person
who
earns
money
by
playing
a
sport
or
doing
an
activity
that
many
people
do
only
for
fun
•
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
After
years
of
practice
,
Maya
finally
became
a
tennis
professional
.
•
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
The
golf
professional
gave
us
a
lesson
on
improving
our
swing
.
adjective
connected
with
the
work
,
standards
,
or
rules
of
people
who
are
specially
trained
in
a
particular
job
•
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
She
wore
a
suit
to
give
a
professional
presentation
to
the
clients
.
•
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
The
company
is
seeking
professional
advice
before
expanding
overseas
.
adjective
done
as
a
paid
occupation
rather
than
as
a
hobby
•
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
He
bought
a
high-end
camera
because
he
is
a
professional
photographer
.
•
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
The
town
invited
a
professional
chef
to
judge
the
cooking
contest
.
adjective
showing
the
skill
,
care
,
and
responsible
behaviour
expected
in
paid
skilled
work
•
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
Despite
the
noisy
crowd
,
the
actor
stayed
professional
on
stage
.
•
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
Her
email
was
short
,
clear
,
and
professional
.
coffee
noun
a
hot
or
cold
drink
made
by
passing
water
through
ground
roasted
coffee
beans
•
I
like
to
drink
coffee
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
I
like
to
drink
coffee
every
morning
to
wake
up
.
•
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
with
your
dessert
?
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
with
your
dessert
?
From
Arabic
“
qahwa
”
through
Turkish
“
kahve
”
and
Italian
“
caffè
,”
entering
English
in
the
16th
century
.
noun
the
roasted
beans
or
brown
powder
from
the
coffee
plant
that
are
used
to
make
the
drink
•
We
ground
fresh
coffee
for
the
guests
.
We
ground
fresh
coffee
for
the
guests
.
•
The
kitchen
smelled
of
roasted
coffee
and
cinnamon
.
The
kitchen
smelled
of
roasted
coffee
and
cinnamon
.
noun
an
informal
meeting
or
short
break
when
people
get
together
to
talk
,
usually
while
drinking
coffee
•
Let's
meet
for
coffee
after
class
.
Let's
meet
for
coffee
after
class
.
•
Our
manager
called
the
team
to
a
quick
coffee
at
10
a
.
m
.
Our
manager
called
the
team
to
a
quick
coffee
at
10
a
.
m
.
noun
-
coffee
a
dark
brown
colour
that
looks
like
the
drink
•
He
painted
the
wall
a
warm
shade
of
coffee
.
He
painted
the
wall
a
warm
shade
of
coffee
.
•
The
designer
chose
a
coffee
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
The
designer
chose
a
coffee
sofa
for
the
living
room
.
software
noun
-
software
the
programs
,
apps
,
and
other
digital
instructions
that
tell
a
computer
or
electronic
device
what
to
do
•
I
installed
new
software
to
edit
my
vacation
photos
.
I
installed
new
software
to
edit
my
vacation
photos
.
•
The
company
updates
its
security
software
every
week
to
protect
customers
’
data
.
The
company
updates
its
security
software
every
week
to
protect
customers
’
data
.
Coined
in
the
late
1940s
by
analogy
with
hardware
:
soft
(
not
physical
)
+
ware
(
products
or
goods
).
Originally
referred
to
punched
cards
and
later
to
digital
programs
.
soft
adjective
-
soft
,
softer
,
softest
easy
to
press
,
bend
,
or
cut
;
not
hard
or
firm
•
The
puppy's
fur
felt
soft
against
Mia's
cheek
.
The
puppy's
fur
felt
soft
against
Mia's
cheek
.
•
After
soaking
in
water
,
the
clay
became
soft
and
easy
to
shape
.
After
soaking
in
water
,
the
clay
became
soft
and
easy
to
shape
.
Old
English
‘
sōfte
’,
meaning
gentle
or
easily
yielding
,
related
to
German
‘
sacht
’.
adjective
-
soft
,
softer
,
softest
gentle
and
not
loud
,
bright
,
or
harsh
•
She
played
a
soft
melody
on
the
piano
as
the
baby
slept
.
She
played
a
soft
melody
on
the
piano
as
the
baby
slept
.
•
Morning
sunlight
cast
a
soft
glow
over
the
beach
.
Morning
sunlight
cast
a
soft
glow
over
the
beach
.
adjective
-
soft
,
softer
,
softest
not
strict
,
severe
,
or
tough
;
kind
or
lenient
•
Mr
.
Reed
is
soft
on
late
homework
and
often
gives
extra
time
.
Mr
.
Reed
is
soft
on
late
homework
and
often
gives
extra
time
.
•
The
coach
took
a
soft
approach
,
focusing
on
fun
rather
than
winning
.
The
coach
took
a
soft
approach
,
focusing
on
fun
rather
than
winning
.
profit
noun
money
that
you
gain
when
what
you
earn
is
greater
than
what
you
spend
•
The
company
made
a
record
profit
last
year
after
launching
its
new
product
line
.
The
company
made
a
record
profit
last
year
after
launching
its
new
product
line
.
•
If
you
sell
the
house
for
more
than
you
paid
,
the
difference
is
your
profit
.
If
you
sell
the
house
for
more
than
you
paid
,
the
difference
is
your
profit
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
*profit*
,
from
Latin
*prōfectus*
"
advance
,
gain
",
from
*prōficere*
"
to
advance
".
noun
a
useful
advantage
or
benefit
•
There
is
little
profit
in
arguing
over
minor
details
.
There
is
little
profit
in
arguing
over
minor
details
.
•
Reading
widely
brings
great
profit
to
the
mind
.
Reading
widely
brings
great
profit
to
the
mind
.
verb
-
profit
,
profiting
,
profits
,
profited
to
earn
money
or
receive
a
financial
gain
•
Smart
investors
profit
when
the
stock
market
rises
.
Smart
investors
profit
when
the
stock
market
rises
.
•
The
café
profited
greatly
after
it
started
selling
breakfast
.
The
café
profited
greatly
after
it
started
selling
breakfast
.
verb
-
profit
,
profiting
,
profits
,
profited
to
give
an
advantage
or
be
useful
to
someone
or
something
•
The
extra
practice
will
profit
you
when
the
real
exam
comes
.
The
extra
practice
will
profit
you
when
the
real
exam
comes
.
•
Clear
instructions
profit
the
whole
team
.
Clear
instructions
profit
the
whole
team
.
proof
noun
facts
or
information
that
show
something
is
true
or
real
•
The
fingerprints
on
the
glass
were
clear
proof
that
the
burglar
had
been
inside
.
The
fingerprints
on
the
glass
were
clear
proof
that
the
burglar
had
been
inside
.
•
Do
you
have
any
proof
that
the
package
was
mailed
last
week
?
Do
you
have
any
proof
that
the
package
was
mailed
last
week
?
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
preve
’,
from
Latin
‘
proba
’
meaning
‘
test
’.
adjective
able
to
resist
or
not
be
harmed
by
something
,
especially
water
,
fire
,
or
bullets
•
The
safe
is
fire-proof
and
can
protect
documents
during
a
blaze
.
The
safe
is
fire-proof
and
can
protect
documents
during
a
blaze
.
•
She
bought
a
water-proof
jacket
for
the
hiking
trip
.
She
bought
a
water-proof
jacket
for
the
hiking
trip
.
Extension
of
the
noun
sense
‘
test
’:
something
that
has
passed
the
test
is
‘
proof
’
against
it
.
noun
a
preliminary
printed
copy
of
a
text
or
photo
made
so
that
mistakes
can
be
found
and
fixed
•
The
editor
marked
the
first
proof
with
bright
red
ink
.
The
editor
marked
the
first
proof
with
bright
red
ink
.
•
Please
read
the
page
proofs
carefully
before
we
go
to
press
.
Please
read
the
page
proofs
carefully
before
we
go
to
press
.
Use
in
printing
dates
from
the
1600s
,
when
trial
sheets
were
pulled
from
a
press
to
‘
prove
’
type
was
set
correctly
.
noun
a
logical
set
of
steps
that
shows
a
mathematical
statement
must
be
true
•
In
today
’
s
class
we
wrote
a
proof
for
the
Pythagorean
theorem
.
In
today
’
s
class
we
wrote
a
proof
for
the
Pythagorean
theorem
.
•
A
rigorous
proof
leaves
no
room
for
doubt
or
guesswork
.
A
rigorous
proof
leaves
no
room
for
doubt
or
guesswork
.
The
idea
of
formal
mathematical
proof
was
developed
by
ancient
Greek
mathematicians
such
as
Euclid
.
noun
-
proof
a
number
showing
the
strength
of
an
alcoholic
drink
•
The
rum
is
bottled
at
100
proof
,
making
it
quite
strong
.
The
rum
is
bottled
at
100
proof
,
making
it
quite
strong
.
•
In
the
United
States
,
80
proof
spirits
are
common
in
stores
.
In
the
United
States
,
80
proof
spirits
are
common
in
stores
.
Derived
from
the
18th-century
practice
of
“
proving
”
spirits
by
mixing
them
with
gunpowder
to
test
flammability
—
if
it
ignited
,
the
spirit
was
‘
above
proof
’.
verb
to
treat
or
cover
something
so
that
it
becomes
resistant
to
water
,
fire
,
etc
.
•
We
need
to
proof
the
tent
before
our
camping
trip
.
We
need
to
proof
the
tent
before
our
camping
trip
.
•
The
laboratory
proofed
the
fabric
against
chemical
spills
.
The
laboratory
proofed
the
fabric
against
chemical
spills
.
Verb
use
comes
from
the
idea
of
‘
making
something
proof
’—
ensuring
it
passes
a
test
of
resistance
.
verb
to
allow
bread
dough
to
rest
so
that
it
rises
before
baking
•
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
proof
for
an
hour
.
Cover
the
bowl
and
let
the
dough
proof
for
an
hour
.
•
The
baker
proofed
the
baguette
dough
twice
for
better
texture
.
The
baker
proofed
the
baguette
dough
twice
for
better
texture
.
Baking
sense
arose
in
the
19th
century
from
‘
prove
the
yeast
’—
testing
that
it
was
active
by
letting
dough
rise
.
profile
noun
A
view
or
outline
of
a
person
’
s
face
,
head
,
or
another
object
seen
from
the
side
.
•
The
artist
sketched
Maria
’
s
profile
as
she
gazed
out
the
window
.
The
artist
sketched
Maria
’
s
profile
as
she
gazed
out
the
window
.
•
The
old
coin
shows
the
queen
’
s
profile
in
fine
detail
.
The
old
coin
shows
the
queen
’
s
profile
in
fine
detail
.
From
French
profil
,
based
on
Italian
profilo
“
outline
.”
noun
A
short
written
or
spoken
description
that
gives
key
facts
about
a
person
,
organization
,
or
subject
.
•
The
magazine
ran
a
profile
of
the
young
inventor
in
its
latest
issue
.
The
magazine
ran
a
profile
of
the
young
inventor
in
its
latest
issue
.
•
Before
the
interview
,
I
read
the
applicant
’
s
short
profile
.
Before
the
interview
,
I
read
the
applicant
’
s
short
profile
.
noun
A
collection
of
personal
information
and
settings
that
identifies
a
user
in
a
computer
system
or
online
service
.
•
She
updated
her
social
media
profile
with
a
new
photo
.
She
updated
her
social
media
profile
with
a
new
photo
.
•
To
play
the
game
online
,
you
must
create
a
user
profile
.
To
play
the
game
online
,
you
must
create
a
user
profile
.
noun
The
amount
of
public
attention
or
visibility
that
someone
or
something
has
.
•
The
charity
’
s
profile
rose
after
the
television
campaign
.
The
charity
’
s
profile
rose
after
the
television
campaign
.
•
The
actor
tries
to
keep
a
low
profile
when
he
is
not
filming
.
The
actor
tries
to
keep
a
low
profile
when
he
is
not
filming
.
verb
-
profile
,
profiling
,
profiles
,
profiled
To
write
about
or
present
the
most
important
facts
about
someone
or
something
.
•
The
documentary
profiles
several
families
living
in
the
desert
.
The
documentary
profiles
several
families
living
in
the
desert
.
•
The
newspaper
will
profile
the
mayor
in
Sunday
’
s
edition
.
The
newspaper
will
profile
the
mayor
in
Sunday
’
s
edition
.
verb
-
profile
,
profiling
,
profiles
,
profiled
To
collect
information
about
people
and
sort
them
into
categories
,
often
to
predict
behavior
,
sometimes
unfairly
.
•
Some
stores
use
cameras
to
profile
shoppers
and
target
ads
.
Some
stores
use
cameras
to
profile
shoppers
and
target
ads
.
•
Civil
rights
groups
warn
against
profiling
people
based
on
race
.
Civil
rights
groups
warn
against
profiling
people
based
on
race
.
offense
noun
an
action
that
breaks
the
law
;
a
crime
.
•
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offense
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offense
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
•
Driving
under
the
influence
is
a
serious
offense
in
every
state
.
Driving
under
the
influence
is
a
serious
offense
in
every
state
.
From
Old
French
offense
,
from
Latin
offensa
meaning
‘
a
striking
against
’.
noun
words
or
behavior
that
upset
or
insult
someone
;
the
feeling
of
being
hurt
by
them
.
•
I
meant
no
offense
by
my
comment
.
I
meant
no
offense
by
my
comment
.
•
He
took
offense
at
the
joke
and
left
the
room
.
He
took
offense
at
the
joke
and
left
the
room
.
Extended
from
the
legal
sense
to
emotional
hurt
in
the
14th
century
.
noun
the
group
of
players
or
tactics
used
to
attack
and
score
points
in
a
sport
or
game
.
•
The
team's
offense
scored
three
touchdowns
in
the
first
quarter
.
The
team's
offense
scored
three
touchdowns
in
the
first
quarter
.
•
Our
new
coach
focuses
on
a
fast-paced
offense
.
Our
new
coach
focuses
on
a
fast-paced
offense
.
Sports
sense
developed
in
American
English
in
the
late
19th
century
from
military
use
meaning
‘
attacking
force
’.
offence
noun
an
action
that
breaks
the
law
;
a
crime
.
•
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offence
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
Shoplifting
is
a
minor
offence
but
can
still
lead
to
a
fine
.
•
Drink-driving
is
a
serious
offence
in
the
UK
.
Drink-driving
is
a
serious
offence
in
the
UK
.
From
Old
French
offense
,
later
adapted
in
British
spelling
to
offence
.
noun
words
or
behaviour
that
upset
or
insult
someone
;
the
feeling
of
being
hurt
by
them
.
•
I
meant
no
offence
by
what
I
said
.
I
meant
no
offence
by
what
I
said
.
•
She
took
offence
at
his
remarks
about
her
accent
.
She
took
offence
at
his
remarks
about
her
accent
.
Parallel
development
in
British
English
following
the
legal
sense
.
noun
the
group
of
players
or
tactics
used
to
attack
and
score
points
in
a
sport
or
game
.
•
The
team's
offence
dominated
throughout
the
match
.
The
team's
offence
dominated
throughout
the
match
.
•
Their
coach
prefers
a
possession-based
offence
.
Their
coach
prefers
a
possession-based
offence
.
Borrowed
from
American
sporting
terminology
, ‘
offence
’
entered
UK
sports
writing
in
the
20th
century
.
roof
noun
the
structure
that
covers
the
top
of
a
building
or
vehicle
and
protects
the
inside
from
rain
,
sun
,
or
snow
•
Heavy
rain
drummed
on
the
metal
roof
of
the
barn
.
Heavy
rain
drummed
on
the
metal
roof
of
the
barn
.
•
They
climbed
onto
the
flat
roof
to
watch
the
fireworks
.
They
climbed
onto
the
flat
roof
to
watch
the
fireworks
.
Old
English
“
hrōf
”
meaning
“
covering
”
or
“
ceiling
,”
related
to
German
“
Ruf
,”
originally
referring
to
any
overhead
covering
.
verb
to
put
or
build
a
roof
on
something
;
to
cover
the
top
of
a
building
•
They
hired
experts
to
roof
the
new
house
with
solar
panels
.
They
hired
experts
to
roof
the
new
house
with
solar
panels
.
•
The
shed
was
quickly
roofed
with
corrugated
sheets
before
the
storm
arrived
.
The
shed
was
quickly
roofed
with
corrugated
sheets
before
the
storm
arrived
.
Old
English
“
hrōfian
,”
from
the
noun
“
roof
,”
meaning
“
to
provide
with
a
covering
above
.”
noun
a
maximum
level
or
limit
that
something
cannot
go
beyond
•
The
government
set
a
roof
on
rent
increases
to
protect
tenants
.
The
government
set
a
roof
on
rent
increases
to
protect
tenants
.
•
With
interest
rates
through the roof
,
many
families
struggle
to
buy
homes
.
With
interest
rates
through the roof
,
many
families
struggle
to
buy
homes
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
the
concrete
sense
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
,
comparing
a
rising
quantity
to
something
hitting
a
building
’
s
roof
.
offensive
adjective
rude
or
insulting
in
a
way
that
makes
people
feel
hurt
,
angry
,
or
upset
•
Many
people
found
his
joke
deeply
offensive
.
Many
people
found
his
joke
deeply
offensive
.
•
Please
avoid
using
offensive
language
in
the
classroom
.
Please
avoid
using
offensive
language
in
the
classroom
.
From
Middle
French
offensif
,
from
Latin
offendere
“
to
strike
against
,
to
displease
.”
adjective
designed
for
attacking
rather
than
defending
,
especially
in
war
or
sports
•
The
army
prepared
an
offensive
operation
to
capture
the
bridge
.
The
army
prepared
an
offensive
operation
to
capture
the
bridge
.
•
Our
football
coach
prefers
an
offensive
style
with
quick
passes
.
Our
football
coach
prefers
an
offensive
style
with
quick
passes
.
noun
the
part
of
a
sports
team
or
its
strategy
that
tries
to
score
points
or
goals
•
Our
team's
offensive
struggled
against
their
strong
defense
.
Our
team's
offensive
struggled
against
their
strong
defense
.
•
The
coach
redesigned
the
offensive
to
create
more
scoring
chances
.
The
coach
redesigned
the
offensive
to
create
more
scoring
chances
.
noun
a
large
planned
military
attack
against
an
enemy
•
The
winter
offensive
caught
the
enemy
by
surprise
.
The
winter
offensive
caught
the
enemy
by
surprise
.
•
They
delayed
the
offensive
until
reinforcements
arrived
.
They
delayed
the
offensive
until
reinforcements
arrived
.
profession
noun
a
paid
job
or
career
that
needs
special
training
and
skills
•
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
After
years
of
study
,
Maria
finally
entered
the
medical
profession
.
•
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Teaching
is
a
highly
rewarding
profession
for
people
who
love
helping
others
learn
.
Middle
English
:
from
Anglo-French
,
from
Latin
professio
(
n-
) ‘
public
declaration
,
occupation
’,
from
profiteri
‘
declare
publicly
’.
noun
the
act
of
openly
stating
a
belief
,
feeling
,
or
intention
,
especially
in
public
•
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
His
sudden
profession
of
love
surprised
everyone
at
the
party
.
•
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
The
monk
made
a
solemn
profession
of
his
vows
in
the
ancient
chapel
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
,
evolving
from
the
idea
of
publicly
declaring
one
’
s
beliefs
.
playoff
noun
an
extra
series
of
games
held
after
the
regular
season
in
which
the
highest-ranked
teams
play
each
other
to
decide
the
champion
•
Our
team
clinched
a
spot
in
the
playoff
after
a
dramatic
last-minute
goal
.
Our
team
clinched
a
spot
in
the
playoff
after
a
dramatic
last-minute
goal
.
•
Tickets
for
the
basketball
playoff
sold
out
within
an
hour
.
Tickets
for
the
basketball
playoff
sold
out
within
an
hour
.
Formed
from
play
+
off
,
first
used
in
American
sports
writing
in
the
early
1900s
for
extra
games
to
decide
a
championship
.
noun
a
single
extra
game
,
hole
,
or
period
played
when
competitors
are
tied
,
used
to
decide
the
winner
•
Both
golfers
were
tied
after
18
holes
,
so
they
went
to
a
sudden-death
playoff
.
Both
golfers
were
tied
after
18
holes
,
so
they
went
to
a
sudden-death
playoff
.
•
She
sank
a
long
putt
to
win
the
playoff
and
claim
the
trophy
.
She
sank
a
long
putt
to
win
the
playoff
and
claim
the
trophy
.
Extension
of
the
broader
sports
sense
:
first
recorded
in
golf
and
tennis
to
refer
to
an
extra
contest
breaking
a
tie
.
nonprofit
noun
an
organization
that
does
not
try
to
earn
money
for
owners
but
uses
any
extra
funds
to
achieve
a
social
,
charitable
,
or
public
benefit
goal
•
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
The
local
nonprofit
provides
free
dinners
to
homeless
people
every
evening
.
•
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
She
donates
part
of
her
salary
to
a
children's
health
nonprofit
.
Formed
from
the
prefix
“
non-
”
meaning
“
not
”
and
“
profit
,”
first
appearing
in
American
English
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
charitable
corporations
.
adjective
not
seeking
to
make
a
financial
profit
for
private
owners
or
shareholders
•
He
works
for
a
nonprofit
theatre
company
that
stages
free
plays
.
He
works
for
a
nonprofit
theatre
company
that
stages
free
plays
.
•
The
city
partnered
with
a
nonprofit
group
to
plant
more
trees
downtown
.
The
city
partnered
with
a
nonprofit
group
to
plant
more
trees
downtown
.
Derived
from
the
noun
use
of
“
nonprofit
,”
first
used
adjectivally
to
modify
nouns
like
“
organization
”
in
the
mid-20th
century
.