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city
noun
-
city
,
cities
a
large
town
where
many
people
live
and
work
,
with
its
own
local
government
β’
Tokyo
is
a
huge
city
filled
with
lights
and
people
.
Tokyo
is
a
huge
city
filled
with
lights
and
people
.
β’
After
growing
up
in
a
village
,
Maria
was
amazed
by
everything
the
city
offered
.
After
growing
up
in
a
village
,
Maria
was
amazed
by
everything
the
city
offered
.
noun
-
city
,
cities
the
local
government
of
a
city
considered
as
an
organization
β’
The
city
repaired
the
broken
streetlights
within
a
week
.
The
city
repaired
the
broken
streetlights
within
a
week
.
β’
Residents
asked
the
city
to
build
more
bike
lanes
.
Residents
asked
the
city
to
build
more
bike
lanes
.
citizen
noun
a
person
who
legally
belongs
to
a
country
and
enjoys
the
rights
and
carries
the
duties
that
the
country
gives
its
people
β’
After
a
long
process
,
Maria
finally
became
a
proud
citizen
of
Canada
.
After
a
long
process
,
Maria
finally
became
a
proud
citizen
of
Canada
.
β’
Every
citizen
has
the
right
to
vote
once
they
turn
eighteen
.
Every
citizen
has
the
right
to
vote
once
they
turn
eighteen
.
Middle
English
β
citezein
β,
from
Old
French
β
cit
(
e
)
ien
β,
based
on
Latin
β
civitas
β
meaning
β
city
,
state
β.
The
sense
broadened
from
β
town
dweller
β
to
β
member
of
a
nation
β.
noun
a
person
who
lives
in
and
belongs
to
a
particular
town
or
city
β’
The
mayor
invited
every
citizen
to
the
town-hall
meeting
.
The
mayor
invited
every
citizen
to
the
town-hall
meeting
.
β’
Local
citizens
volunteered
to
clean
the
riverbank
over
the
weekend
.
Local
citizens
volunteered
to
clean
the
riverbank
over
the
weekend
.
noun
a
person
who
is
not
a
member
of
the
military
,
police
,
or
other
armed
forces
;
a
civilian
β’
During
the
ceremony
,
the
soldiers
stood
at
attention
while
the
citizens
applauded
.
During
the
ceremony
,
the
soldiers
stood
at
attention
while
the
citizens
applauded
.
β’
In
times
of
war
,
protecting
innocent
citizens
is
a
top
priority
.
In
times
of
war
,
protecting
innocent
citizens
is
a
top
priority
.
cite
verb
-
cite
,
citing
,
cites
,
cited
to
mention
the
words
,
ideas
,
or
facts
from
another
source
as
evidence
or
an
example
β’
During
the
debate
,
she
cited
several
scientific
studies
to
back
up
her
point
.
During
the
debate
,
she
cited
several
scientific
studies
to
back
up
her
point
.
β’
Reporters
often
cite
earlier
interviews
when
writing
follow-up
stories
.
Reporters
often
cite
earlier
interviews
when
writing
follow-up
stories
.
From
Latin
β
citare
β
meaning
β
to
summon
,
urge
,
put
in
motion
β,
later
developing
the
sense
of
β
quote
β.
verb
-
cite
,
citing
,
cites
,
cited
to
list
a
book
,
article
,
or
other
source
in
a
piece
of
writing
to
show
where
information
came
from
β’
In
your
essay
,
remember
to
cite
every
source
you
use
.
In
your
essay
,
remember
to
cite
every
source
you
use
.
β’
Students
who
fail
to
cite
correctly
may
be
accused
of
plagiarism
.
Students
who
fail
to
cite
correctly
may
be
accused
of
plagiarism
.
verb
-
cite
,
citing
,
cites
,
cited
to
officially
order
someone
to
appear
in
a
court
or
pay
a
fine
for
breaking
a
rule
β’
The
officer
cited
the
driver
for
speeding
in
a
school
zone
.
The
officer
cited
the
driver
for
speeding
in
a
school
zone
.
β’
If
you
miss
jury
duty
,
the
court
may
cite
you
to
appear
next
month
.
If
you
miss
jury
duty
,
the
court
may
cite
you
to
appear
next
month
.
verb
-
cite
,
citing
,
cites
,
cited
to
formally
praise
someone
,
especially
in
an
official
report
,
for
a
brave
or
helpful
action
β’
The
firefighter
was
cited
for
bravery
after
rescuing
the
children
.
The
firefighter
was
cited
for
bravery
after
rescuing
the
children
.
β’
The
report
cited
her
quick
thinking
as
the
reason
no
one
was
hurt
.
The
report
cited
her
quick
thinking
as
the
reason
no
one
was
hurt
.
citizenship
noun
the
legal
status
of
being
a
recognized
member
of
a
particular
country
,
with
the
rights
and
duties
that
go
with
it
β’
After
living
in
Canada
for
five
years
,
Maria
finally
obtained
citizenship
.
After
living
in
Canada
for
five
years
,
Maria
finally
obtained
citizenship
.
β’
The
baby's
birth
abroad
automatically
gave
him
dual
citizenship
.
The
baby's
birth
abroad
automatically
gave
him
dual
citizenship
.
From
citizen
+β
-ship
;
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
,
modeled
on
words
like
kingship
.
noun
the
qualities
and
responsible
behaviour
expected
of
a
good
member
of
a
community
or
society
β’
Volunteering
at
the
local
food
bank
is
an
act
of
good
citizenship
.
Volunteering
at
the
local
food
bank
is
an
act
of
good
citizenship
.
β’
The
school
teaches
digital
citizenship
to
help
students
behave
responsibly
online
.
The
school
teaches
digital
citizenship
to
help
students
behave
responsibly
online
.
Sense
of
β
behaviour
of
a
citizen
β
grew
in
the
mid-19th
century
alongside
movements
for
public
education
and
civic
reform
.
City
noun
-
City
the
main
financial
district
of
London
,
often
used
to
refer
to
the
UK
finance
industry
as
a
whole
β’
She
got
a
job
in
the
City
and
now
commutes
to
London
every
day
.
She
got
a
job
in
the
City
and
now
commutes
to
London
every
day
.
β’
The
City
was
calm
on
Sunday
,
with
most
offices
closed
.
The
City
was
calm
on
Sunday
,
with
most
offices
closed
.
capacity
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
maximum
amount
or
number
that
something
can
hold
,
produce
,
or
deal
with
β’
The
stadium
was
filled
to
capacity
for
the
final
match
.
The
stadium
was
filled
to
capacity
for
the
final
match
.
β’
This
bottle
has
a
capacity
of
two
liters
.
This
bottle
has
a
capacity
of
two
liters
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
ability
,
power
,
or
skill
to
do
,
feel
,
or
learn
something
β’
Maya
showed
an
impressive
capacity
for
solving
difficult
puzzles
.
Maya
showed
an
impressive
capacity
for
solving
difficult
puzzles
.
β’
After
the
accident
,
he
lost
the
capacity
to
move
his
left
arm
.
After
the
accident
,
he
lost
the
capacity
to
move
his
left
arm
.
From
Latin
capΔcitΔs
,
from
capax
"
able
to
hold
".
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
the
amount
of
power
,
energy
,
or
data
that
a
machine
,
device
,
or
system
can
produce
or
store
β’
This
battery
has
a
capacity
of
5
,
000
milliamp-hours
.
This
battery
has
a
capacity
of
5
,
000
milliamp-hours
.
β’
The
plant
will
double
its
production
capacity
next
year
.
The
plant
will
double
its
production
capacity
next
year
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
noun
-
capacity
,
capacities
a
particular
official
role
,
position
,
or
function
someone
has
β’
She
attended
the
ceremony
in
her
capacity
as
company
director
.
She
attended
the
ceremony
in
her
capacity
as
company
director
.
β’
The
ambassador
spoke
in
his
official
capacity
at
the
UN
meeting
.
The
ambassador
spoke
in
his
official
capacity
at
the
UN
meeting
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
.
deficit
noun
the
amount
by
which
spending
or
what
is
needed
is
more
than
the
money
or
resources
that
are
available
β’
After
paying
all
their
bills
,
the
family
still
had
a
small
deficit
in
their
monthly
budget
.
After
paying
all
their
bills
,
the
family
still
had
a
small
deficit
in
their
monthly
budget
.
β’
The
stadium
project
ran
over
cost
,
leaving
the
city
with
a
large
deficit
.
The
stadium
project
ran
over
cost
,
leaving
the
city
with
a
large
deficit
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
late
18th
century
from
French
dΓ©ficit
,
ultimately
from
Latin
dΔficere
β
to
fail
,
be
lacking
.β
noun
a
shortage
or
lack
of
something
that
is
needed
,
wanted
,
or
expected
β’
After
a
week
of
late
nights
,
Maya
felt
she
had
a
serious
sleep
deficit
.
After
a
week
of
late
nights
,
Maya
felt
she
had
a
serious
sleep
deficit
.
β’
There
is
a
growing
trust
deficit
between
the
citizens
and
their
leaders
.
There
is
a
growing
trust
deficit
between
the
citizens
and
their
leaders
.
Same
historical
origin
as
the
financial
sense
:
from
French
dΓ©ficit
,
based
on
Latin
roots
meaning
β
to
fail
or
be
lacking
.β
exciting
adjective
causing
strong
interest
,
happiness
,
or
eagerness
β’
The
roller
coaster
ride
was
exciting
from
start
to
finish
.
The
roller
coaster
ride
was
exciting
from
start
to
finish
.
β’
Maria
got
an
exciting
new
job
in
another
city
.
Maria
got
an
exciting
new
job
in
another
city
.
From
Middle
English
exciten
,
borrowed
from
Latin
excitΔre
meaning
β
to
rouse
,
stir
up
β.
The
adjective
form
appeared
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
causing
someone
or
something
to
feel
more
active
,
interested
,
or
enthusiastic
(
present
participle
form
of
the
verb
β
excite
β)
β’
The
teacher
is
exciting
her
students
with
a
hands-on
science
experiment
.
The
teacher
is
exciting
her
students
with
a
hands-on
science
experiment
.
β’
The
coach
kept
exciting
the
crowd
by
waving
his
arms
.
The
coach
kept
exciting
the
crowd
by
waving
his
arms
.
From
Latin
excitΔre
β
to
stir
up
,
arouse
β,
passing
through
Middle
English
as
β
exciten
β.
excited
adjective
feeling
very
happy
,
interested
,
or
eager
about
something
that
is
happening
or
will
happen
β’
The
children
were
excited
about
their
first
trip
to
the
zoo
.
The
children
were
excited
about
their
first
trip
to
the
zoo
.
β’
I
get
excited
whenever
I
hear
my
favorite
band
play
live
.
I
get
excited
whenever
I
hear
my
favorite
band
play
live
.
Formed
from
the
past
participle
of
the
verb
β
excite
,β
which
comes
from
Latin
β
excitΔre
β
meaning
β
to
rouse
β
or
β
to
set
in
motion
.β
adjective
(
physics
)
having
more
energy
than
the
normal
or
ground
state
β’
When
an
electron
absorbs
energy
,
it
moves
to
an
excited
state
.
When
an
electron
absorbs
energy
,
it
moves
to
an
excited
state
.
β’
Lasers
work
by
forcing
atoms
into
an
excited
energy
level
before
they
release
photons
.
Lasers
work
by
forcing
atoms
into
an
excited
energy
level
before
they
release
photons
.
Adopted
into
physics
in
the
early
20th
century
to
describe
particles
that
have
absorbed
energy
and
moved
beyond
their
ground
state
.
electricity
noun
-
electricity
the
form
of
energy
made
by
moving
charged
particles
,
which
can
be
carried
by
wires
and
used
to
power
lights
,
machines
,
and
other
devices
β’
When
the
storm
damaged
the
power
lines
,
the
whole
town
lost
electricity
for
hours
.
When
the
storm
damaged
the
power
lines
,
the
whole
town
lost
electricity
for
hours
.
β’
Solar
panels
on
the
roof
of
the
school
generate
electricity
from
sunlight
.
Solar
panels
on
the
roof
of
the
school
generate
electricity
from
sunlight
.
From
New
Latin
electricitas
,
coined
in
the
17th
century
from
Latin
electrus
β
amber
β (
because
static
electricity
was
first
observed
by
rubbing
amber
).
noun
-
electricity
a
strong
feeling
of
excitement
or
tension
that
people
can
sense
in
a
place
or
between
people
β’
There
was
an
undeniable
electricity
in
the
stadium
before
the
final
match
began
.
There
was
an
undeniable
electricity
in
the
stadium
before
the
final
match
began
.
β’
As
they
met
eyes
across
the
room
,
electricity
crackled
between
them
.
As
they
met
eyes
across
the
room
,
electricity
crackled
between
them
.
Figurative
use
developed
in
the
early
19th
century
,
comparing
charged
emotional
atmospheres
to
the
invisible
energy
of
electric
forces
.
excitement
noun
a
strong
,
lively
feeling
of
happiness
,
interest
,
and
eager
anticipation
β’
The
children
could
hardly
sleep
because
of
their
excitement
about
the
school
trip
.
The
children
could
hardly
sleep
because
of
their
excitement
about
the
school
trip
.
β’
Her
hands
shook
with
excitement
as
she
opened
the
long-awaited
letter
of
acceptance
.
Her
hands
shook
with
excitement
as
she
opened
the
long-awaited
letter
of
acceptance
.
Late
17th
century
,
from
the
verb
β
excite
β
+
noun
suffix
β
-ment
β,
originally
meaning
β
stimulation
β,
later
developing
the
sense
of
β
lively
emotional
feeling
β.
noun
a
thing
,
event
,
or
activity
that
makes
people
feel
excited
β’
The
city
offers
endless
excitements
for
tourists
,
from
street
markets
to
live
music
.
The
city
offers
endless
excitements
for
tourists
,
from
street
markets
to
live
music
.
β’
He
moved
to
the
countryside
to
escape
the
excitements
of
urban
life
.
He
moved
to
the
countryside
to
escape
the
excitements
of
urban
life
.
Same
origin
as
sense
1
;
developed
into
a
concrete
use
in
the
18thβ19th
centuries
to
refer
to
the
things
that
arouse
excitement
.
excite
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
to
make
someone
feel
very
happy
,
interested
,
or
eager
β’
The
news
of
a
beach
trip
excites
the
children
so
much
that
they
dance
around
the
living
room
.
The
news
of
a
beach
trip
excites
the
children
so
much
that
they
dance
around
the
living
room
.
β’
Bright
fireworks
always
excite
the
crowd
at
the
summer
festival
.
Bright
fireworks
always
excite
the
crowd
at
the
summer
festival
.
From
Latin
β
excitare
β
meaning
β
to
call
out
β
or
β
to
rouse
β.
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
(
physics
,
chemistry
)
to
add
energy
to
an
atom
,
molecule
,
or
particle
so
that
it
moves
to
a
higher
energy
state
β’
A
short
laser
pulse
excited
the
electrons
in
the
silicon
wafer
during
the
test
.
A
short
laser
pulse
excited
the
electrons
in
the
silicon
wafer
during
the
test
.
β’
Ultraviolet
light
can
excite
certain
gases
,
causing
them
to
glow
neon
blue
.
Ultraviolet
light
can
excite
certain
gases
,
causing
them
to
glow
neon
blue
.
Adopted
in
scientific
language
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
raising
a
system
β
s
energy
.
verb
-
excite
,
exciting
,
excites
,
excited
to
cause
someone
to
feel
sexual
desire
or
arousal
β’
The
slow
dance
music
excited
the
couple
on
the
dimly
lit
floor
.
The
slow
dance
music
excited
the
couple
on
the
dimly
lit
floor
.
β’
Certain
perfumes
are
designed
to
excite
the
senses
.
Certain
perfumes
are
designed
to
excite
the
senses
.
Same
root
as
the
general
sense
,
later
broadened
to
physical
desire
in
the
late
17th
century
.
explicit
adjective
stated
clearly
and
in
detail
so
that
there
is
no
room
for
confusion
or
doubt
β’
The
teacher
gave
explicit
instructions
on
how
to
finish
the
experiment
.
The
teacher
gave
explicit
instructions
on
how
to
finish
the
experiment
.
β’
The
map
provided
explicit
details
about
every
trail
in
the
park
.
The
map
provided
explicit
details
about
every
trail
in
the
park
.
From
Latin
explicitus
β
unfolded
,
set
forth
β,
past
participle
of
explicΔre
β
to
unfold
,
explain
β.
adjective
showing
or
describing
sexual
activity
,
strong
violence
,
or
other
graphic
content
in
a
very
clear
and
detailed
way
β’
The
movie
was
rated
R
for
explicit
violence
.
The
movie
was
rated
R
for
explicit
violence
.
β’
Parents
complained
about
the
explicit
lyrics
in
the
song
.
Parents
complained
about
the
explicit
lyrics
in
the
song
.
Sense
extended
in
the
late
20th
century
to
describe
media
that
openly
displays
graphic
sexual
or
violent
content
.
explicitly
adverb
in
a
clear
and
direct
way
that
leaves
no
doubt
or
room
for
misunderstanding
β’
The
teacher
explicitly
told
the
class
to
hand
in
their
projects
by
Friday
.
The
teacher
explicitly
told
the
class
to
hand
in
their
projects
by
Friday
.
β’
The
instructions
explicitly
state
that
the
device
must
be
kept
away
from
water
.
The
instructions
explicitly
state
that
the
device
must
be
kept
away
from
water
.
derived
from
the
adjective
β
explicit
β (
late
Middle
English
)
+
the
adverbial
suffix
β
-ly
β
adverb
in
a
graphic
or
detailed
way
that
openly
shows
sexual
,
violent
,
or
otherwise
sensitive
content
β’
The
song
is
labeled
for
adults
because
its
lyrics
explicitly
describe
drug
use
.
The
song
is
labeled
for
adults
because
its
lyrics
explicitly
describe
drug
use
.
β’
Parents
complained
that
the
movie
explicitly
depicts
violence
not
suitable
for
children
.
Parents
complained
that
the
movie
explicitly
depicts
violence
not
suitable
for
children
.
same
formation
as
general
sense
:
explicit
+
-ly
,
but
used
from
mid-20th
century
to
describe
graphic
content