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college
noun
a
post-secondary
educational
institution
that
awards
undergraduate
degrees
or
professional
certificates
•
After
high
school
,
Maria
wants
to
go
to
college
to
study
biology
.
After
high
school
,
Maria
wants
to
go
to
college
to
study
biology
.
•
The
college
campus
was
lively
during
orientation
week
.
The
college
campus
was
lively
during
orientation
week
.
noun
a
school
for
students
aged
16–18
that
prepares
them
for
A-levels
or
vocational
qualifications
•
Lucy
will
start
college
in
September
to
study
art
and
design
.
Lucy
will
start
college
in
September
to
study
art
and
design
.
•
At
college
,
students
can
retake
their
GCSEs
if
they
need
better
grades
.
At
college
,
students
can
retake
their
GCSEs
if
they
need
better
grades
.
noun
the
period
of
life
and
study
spent
at
a
college
,
especially
as
an
experience
•
He
met
his
best
friends
in
college
.
He
met
his
best
friends
in
college
.
•
During
college
,
she
worked
part-time
at
a
café
to
pay
rent
.
During
college
,
she
worked
part-time
at
a
café
to
pay
rent
.
noun
a
constituent
school
or
professional
body
that
forms
part
of
a
larger
university
or
learned
society
•
Trinity
College
is
one
of
the
oldest
parts
of
the
University
of
Dublin
.
Trinity
College
is
one
of
the
oldest
parts
of
the
University
of
Dublin
.
•
She
was
admitted
to
the
Royal
College
of
Music
.
She
was
admitted
to
the
Royal
College
of
Music
.
color
noun
the
quality
of
an
object
or
light
that
the
eye
sees
as
red
,
blue
,
green
,
etc
.
•
Blue
is
my
favorite
color
.
Blue
is
my
favorite
color
.
•
The
rainbow
showed
seven
vivid
colors
after
the
storm
.
The
rainbow
showed
seven
vivid
colors
after
the
storm
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
‘
colour
’,
from
Latin
‘
color
’
meaning
‘
covering
,
appearance
’.
verb
to
give
something
a
particular
color
by
using
crayons
,
paint
,
dye
,
etc
.
•
The
children
colored
the
picture
with
bright
markers
.
The
children
colored
the
picture
with
bright
markers
.
•
She
loves
to
color
intricate
designs
in
her
adult
coloring
book
.
She
loves
to
color
intricate
designs
in
her
adult
coloring
book
.
noun
interesting
or
vivid
detail
that
makes
a
story
,
event
,
or
description
more
lively
.
•
The
reporter
added
local
color
to
make
the
article
engaging
.
The
reporter
added
local
color
to
make
the
article
engaging
.
•
Little
anecdotes
gave
color
to
his
travel
blog
.
Little
anecdotes
gave
color
to
his
travel
blog
.
verb
to
influence
or
change
the
way
something
is
seen
,
thought
about
,
or
judged
.
•
His
past
experiences
colored
his
opinion
of
the
city
.
His
past
experiences
colored
his
opinion
of
the
city
.
•
Stress
can
color
how
we
remember
events
.
Stress
can
color
how
we
remember
events
.
colour
noun
the
quality
of
an
object
or
light
that
the
eye
sees
as
red
,
blue
,
green
,
etc
.
•
Green
is
her
favourite
colour
.
Green
is
her
favourite
colour
.
•
The
artist
mixed
two
colours
to
make
purple
.
The
artist
mixed
two
colours
to
make
purple
.
Middle
English
‘
colour
’
from
Old
French
,
from
Latin
‘
color
’.
verb
to
give
something
a
particular
colour
by
using
crayons
,
paint
,
dye
,
etc
.
•
The
pupils
coloured
the
map
with
bright
pencils
.
The
pupils
coloured
the
map
with
bright
pencils
.
•
She
likes
to
colour
greeting
cards
by
hand
.
She
likes
to
colour
greeting
cards
by
hand
.
noun
interesting
or
vivid
detail
that
makes
a
story
,
event
,
or
description
more
lively
.
•
Local
anecdotes
added
plenty
of
colour
to
the
report
.
Local
anecdotes
added
plenty
of
colour
to
the
report
.
•
The
guide
’
s
jokes
gave
extra
colour
to
the
museum
tour
.
The
guide
’
s
jokes
gave
extra
colour
to
the
museum
tour
.
verb
to
influence
or
change
the
way
something
is
seen
,
thought
about
,
or
judged
.
•
Early
failures
coloured
his
view
of
risk
.
Early
failures
coloured
his
view
of
risk
.
•
Optimism
colours
her
memory
of
the
trip
.
Optimism
colours
her
memory
of
the
trip
.
cold
adjective
-
cold
,
colder
,
coldest
having
a
low
temperature
,
especially
lower
than
is
comfortable
or
usual
•
She
put
on
a
jacket
because
the
evening
air
felt
cold
.
She
put
on
a
jacket
because
the
evening
air
felt
cold
.
•
The
cold
water
made
him
shiver
when
he
jumped
into
the
lake
.
The
cold
water
made
him
shiver
when
he
jumped
into
the
lake
.
Old
English
‘
ceald
’,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
German
‘
kalt
’.
noun
low
temperature
or
weather
that
is
colder
than
is
comfortable
•
The
hikers
could
see
their
breath
in
the
cold
of
the
mountain
morning
.
The
hikers
could
see
their
breath
in
the
cold
of
the
mountain
morning
.
•
Plants
cannot
survive
extreme
colds
.
Plants
cannot
survive
extreme
colds
.
Same
origin
as
adjective
sense
:
Old
English
‘
ceald
’.
noun
a
mild
infection
of
the
nose
and
throat
that
makes
you
sneeze
,
cough
,
and
sometimes
have
a
sore
throat
or
fever
•
Ella
stayed
home
from
school
because
she
had
a
cold
.
Ella
stayed
home
from
school
because
she
had
a
cold
.
•
Drinking
plenty
of
water
can
help
you
recover
from
a
cold
.
Drinking
plenty
of
water
can
help
you
recover
from
a
cold
.
Called
‘
common
cold
’
since
the
16th
century
,
likening
the
symptoms
to
those
caused
by
exposure
to
cold
air
.
adjective
-
cold
,
colder
,
coldest
showing
no
friendliness
,
emotion
,
or
sympathy
•
His
voice
sounded
cold
when
he
refused
to
help
.
His
voice
sounded
cold
when
he
refused
to
help
.
•
She
gave
him
a
cold
stare
and
walked
away
.
She
gave
him
a
cold
stare
and
walked
away
.
Figurative
use
for
"
lacking
warmth
"
recorded
since
the
late
15th
century
.
adverb
without
preparation
or
warning
•
The
actor
stepped
on
stage
cold
when
his
colleague
forgot
the
cue
.
The
actor
stepped
on
stage
cold
when
his
colleague
forgot
the
cue
.
•
I
was
asked
to
give
a
speech
cold
at
the
meeting
.
I
was
asked
to
give
a
speech
cold
at
the
meeting
.
Developed
from
sports
slang
in
the
early
20th
century
,
likening
an
unprepared
start
to
being
hit
by
a
blast
of
cold
air
.
collection
noun
a
group
of
similar
objects
that
someone
has
gathered
and
keeps
together
•
Emma's
stamp
collection
filled
three
large
albums
.
Emma's
stamp
collection
filled
three
large
albums
.
•
The
museum
has
a
vast
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
The
museum
has
a
vast
collection
of
ancient
pottery
.
from
Latin
colligere
“
to
gather
together
”,
via
Old
French
collection
noun
-
collection
the
act
of
gathering
things
together
•
The
collection
of
data
took
several
months
.
The
collection
of
data
took
several
months
.
•
Street
cleaners
handle
the
collection
of
garbage
early
each
morning
.
Street
cleaners
handle
the
collection
of
garbage
early
each
morning
.
noun
a
set
of
clothing
designs
produced
as
a
group
for
a
season
or
show
•
The
designer
unveiled
her
spring
collection
on
the
runway
.
The
designer
unveiled
her
spring
collection
on
the
runway
.
•
His
latest
collection
features
bright
colors
and
loose
silhouettes
.
His
latest
collection
features
bright
colors
and
loose
silhouettes
.
noun
an
amount
of
money
gathered
from
many
people
for
a
purpose
•
We
took
up
a
collection
for
the
earthquake
victims
.
We
took
up
a
collection
for
the
earthquake
victims
.
•
The
church
collection
usually
happens
after
the
sermon
.
The
church
collection
usually
happens
after
the
sermon
.
collect
verb
to
gather
things
of
the
same
kind
and
keep
them
together
as
a
hobby
or
for
a
purpose
•
Maria
loves
to
collect
old
coins
from
different
countries
.
Maria
loves
to
collect
old
coins
from
different
countries
.
•
Every
summer
the
children
collect
colorful
seashells
along
the
shoreline
.
Every
summer
the
children
collect
colorful
seashells
along
the
shoreline
.
From
Latin
‘
colligere
’
meaning
‘
gather
together
’.
verb
to
go
somewhere
and
take
someone
or
something
away
with
you
•
I'll
collect
you
from
the
station
at
six
o'clock
.
I'll
collect
you
from
the
station
at
six
o'clock
.
•
The
courier
will
collect
the
package
tomorrow
morning
.
The
courier
will
collect
the
package
tomorrow
morning
.
verb
to
receive
money
that
is
owed
or
given
,
especially
as
payment
or
donation
•
The
landlord
comes
on
the
first
of
each
month
to
collect
the
rent
.
The
landlord
comes
on
the
first
of
each
month
to
collect
the
rent
.
•
Volunteers
stood
on
the
street
corner
to
collect
money
for
the
shelter
.
Volunteers
stood
on
the
street
corner
to
collect
money
for
the
shelter
.
adverb
with
the
telephone
charge
paid
by
the
person
who
receives
the
call
•
He
called
collect
because
he
had
no
coins
for
the
pay
phone
.
He
called
collect
because
he
had
no
coins
for
the
pay
phone
.
•
You
can
dial
the
operator
and
ask
to
place
the
call
collect
.
You
can
dial
the
operator
and
ask
to
place
the
call
collect
.
adjective
(
of
a
telephone
call
)
paid
for
by
the
person
who
receives
it
•
She
told
the
hotel
clerk
she
was
expecting
a
collect
call
from
her
son
.
She
told
the
hotel
clerk
she
was
expecting
a
collect
call
from
her
son
.
•
Back
then
,
making
a
collect
call
home
was
the
only
affordable
option
.
Back
then
,
making
a
collect
call
home
was
the
only
affordable
option
.
verb
to
calm
down
and
control
your
thoughts
or
emotions
so
you
can
act
effectively
•
She
took
a
deep
breath
to
collect
herself
before
going
on
stage
.
She
took
a
deep
breath
to
collect herself
before
going
on
stage
.
•
Give
me
a
moment
to
collect
my
thoughts
.
Give
me
a
moment
to
collect my thoughts
.
verb
to
gradually
increase
or
form
a
group
or
layer
over
time
•
Dust
tends
to
collect
on
the
bookshelf
if
I
don
’
t
clean
it
weekly
.
Dust
tends
to
collect
on
the
bookshelf
if
I
don
’
t
clean
it
weekly
.
•
Rainwater
collects
in
the
hollow
of
the
rock
after
a
storm
.
Rainwater
collects
in
the
hollow
of
the
rock
after
a
storm
.
noun
a
short
prayer
that
gathers
the
theme
of
a
church
service
,
usually
said
near
the
beginning
of
Christian
liturgy
•
The
priest
recited
the
collect
after
the
opening
hymn
.
The
priest
recited
the
collect
after
the
opening
hymn
.
•
Each
Sunday
has
its
own
specific
collect
in
the
Book
of
Common
Prayer
.
Each
Sunday
has
its
own
specific
collect
in
the
Book
of
Common
Prayer
.
From
Latin
‘
collecta
’,
meaning
‘
gathered
together
’,
referring
to
the
congregation
gathering
its
thoughts
in
prayer
.
colleague
noun
a
person
you
work
with
in
the
same
company
,
department
,
or
profession
•
Maria
asked
her
colleague
Ben
to
proofread
the
report
.
Maria
asked
her
colleague
Ben
to
proofread
the
report
.
•
During
lunch
break
,
the
engineers
chatted
with
their
new
colleague
about
the
project
.
During
lunch
break
,
the
engineers
chatted
with
their
new
colleague
about
the
project
.
From
French
“
collègue
”,
from
Latin
“
collega
”
meaning
‘
one
chosen
along
with
another
,
partner
in
office
’.
column
noun
an
article
or
section
that
appears
regularly
in
a
newspaper
,
magazine
,
or
website
,
usually
written
by
the
same
person
and
focusing
on
a
particular
topic
•
Every
Monday
,
I
read
the
tech
column
to
learn
about
the
newest
gadgets
.
Every
Monday
,
I
read
the
tech
column
to
learn
about
the
newest
gadgets
.
•
Maria
was
thrilled
when
the
local
paper
invited
her
to
write
a
cooking
column
.
Maria
was
thrilled
when
the
local
paper
invited
her
to
write
a
cooking
column
.
Sense
evolved
in
early
19th-century
journalism
,
likening
the
vertical
block
of
print
to
an
architectural
column
.
noun
a
vertical
division
of
a
table
,
spreadsheet
,
or
printed
page
containing
data
or
text
that
is
arranged
beneath
one
another
•
Type
the
sales
numbers
in
the
first
column
of
the
spreadsheet
.
Type
the
sales
numbers
in
the
first
column
of
the
spreadsheet
.
•
The
teacher
drew
three
columns
on
the
board
labeled
pros
,
cons
,
and
questions
.
The
teacher
drew
three
columns
on
the
board
labeled
pros
,
cons
,
and
questions
.
Adopted
for
printing
in
the
17th
century
and
later
for
computer
tables
,
based
on
the
visual
similarity
to
standing
columns
.
noun
a
tall
,
usually
cylindrical
vertical
support
that
carries
the
weight
of
a
roof
,
arch
,
or
other
part
of
a
building
,
or
stands
alone
as
a
monument
•
The
ancient
temple
was
surrounded
by
marble
columns
that
shone
in
the
morning
light
.
The
ancient
temple
was
surrounded
by
marble
columns
that
shone
in
the
morning
light
.
•
A
young
woman
leaned
against
a
stone
column
while
waiting
for
her
friends
outside
the
museum
entrance
.
A
young
woman
leaned
against
a
stone
column
while
waiting
for
her
friends
outside
the
museum
entrance
.
From
Latin
columna
“
pillar
,
column
”.
noun
a
tall
,
narrow
mass
of
something
rising
into
the
air
,
such
as
smoke
,
water
,
or
dust
•
A
dark
column
of
smoke
rose
above
the
factory
after
the
power
surge
.
A
dark
column
of
smoke
rose
above
the
factory
after
the
power
surge
.
•
The
geyser
shot
a
shimmering
column
of
water
nearly
twenty
meters
high
.
The
geyser
shot
a
shimmering
column
of
water
nearly
twenty
meters
high
.
Metaphorical
use
recorded
since
the
18th
century
,
comparing
rising
smoke
to
an
upright
pillar
.
noun
a
line
of
people
,
vehicles
,
or
soldiers
arranged
one
behind
another
,
moving
or
standing
in
order
•
The
hikers
walked
in
a
single
column
along
the
narrow
mountain
path
.
The
hikers
walked
in
a
single
column
along
the
narrow
mountain
path
.
•
Soldiers
marched
in
a
tight
column
toward
the
parade
ground
.
Soldiers
marched
in
a
tight
column
toward
the
parade
ground
.
Military
sense
dates
from
the
16th
century
,
from
French
colonne
‘
troop
formation
’.
collective
adjective
done
by
or
involving
all
the
members
of
a
group
working
together
•
The
volunteers
’
collective
effort
cleaned
the
entire
beach
in
a
single
morning
.
The
volunteers
’
collective
effort
cleaned
the
entire
beach
in
a
single
morning
.
•
Only
through
collective
action
did
the
small
town
save
its
historic
library
from
closing
.
Only
through
collective
action
did
the
small
town
save
its
historic
library
from
closing
.
adjective
belonging
to
or
shared
by
every
member
of
a
group
•
Their
collective
memory
of
the
festival
still
makes
them
laugh
years
later
.
Their
collective
memory
of
the
festival
still
makes
them
laugh
years
later
.
•
The
law
protects
the
collective
rights
of
indigenous
communities
.
The
law
protects
the
collective
rights
of
indigenous
communities
.
noun
a
group
of
people
acting
together
for
a
shared
purpose
•
A
passionate
youth
collective
organized
the
cleanup
campaign
.
A
passionate
youth
collective
organized
the
cleanup
campaign
.
•
The
online
gaming
collective
meets
every
Friday
night
.
The
online
gaming
collective
meets
every
Friday
night
.
noun
a
business
or
organization
owned
and
run
jointly
by
the
people
who
work
in
it
•
She
buys
her
vegetables
from
a
local
farmers
’
collective
.
She
buys
her
vegetables
from
a
local
farmers
’
collective
.
•
The
artists
formed
a
collective
to
share
studio
space
and
ideas
.
The
artists
formed
a
collective
to
share
studio
space
and
ideas
.
collapse
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fall
down
suddenly
because
it
is
no
longer
strong
or
supported
•
After
the
heavy
snow
,
the
roof
collapsed
under
the
weight
.
After
the
heavy
snow
,
the
roof
collapsed
under
the
weight
.
•
The
old
bridge
began
to
shake
and
then
collapsed
into
the
river
.
The
old
bridge
began
to
shake
and
then
collapsed
into
the
river
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
suddenly
fall
down
because
you
are
very
ill
,
tired
,
or
shocked
•
She
collapsed
on
the
pavement
after
running
the
marathon
.
She
collapsed
on
the
pavement
after
running
the
marathon
.
•
He
suddenly
collapsed
in
the
classroom
,
and
the
teacher
called
an
ambulance
.
He
suddenly
collapsed
in
the
classroom
,
and
the
teacher
called
an
ambulance
.
noun
a
sudden
fall
or
cave-in
when
something
gives
way
•
The
collapse
of
the
tunnel
trapped
the
workers
.
The
collapse
of
the
tunnel
trapped
the
workers
.
•
Engineers
studied
the
bridge
’
s
collapse
to
find
the
cause
.
Engineers
studied
the
bridge
’
s
collapse
to
find
the
cause
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fold
or
push
something
so
that
it
becomes
smaller
or
falls
flat
•
He
collapsed
the
stroller
before
putting
it
in
the
car
trunk
.
He
collapsed
the
stroller
before
putting
it
in
the
car
trunk
.
•
After
camping
,
we
collapsed
the
tent
and
packed
it
away
.
After
camping
,
we
collapsed
the
tent
and
packed
it
away
.
verb
-
collapse
,
collapsing
,
collapses
,
collapsed
to
fail
completely
or
stop
working
suddenly
•
The
company
collapsed
after
losing
its
biggest
customer
.
The
company
collapsed
after
losing
its
biggest
customer
.
•
Talks
collapsed
when
neither
side
would
compromise
.
Talks
collapsed
when
neither
side
would
compromise
.
noun
the
sudden
failure
or
breakdown
of
a
system
,
organization
,
or
plan
•
The
sudden
collapse
of
the
banking
system
shocked
the
country
.
The
sudden
collapse
of
the
banking
system
shocked
the
country
.
•
Experts
warned
that
the
health
service
was
close
to
collapse
.
Experts
warned
that
the
health
service
was
close
to
collapse
.
colonel
noun
a
senior
commissioned
officer
rank
in
many
armies
,
air
forces
,
and
marine
corps
,
above
lieutenant
colonel
and
below
brigadier
general
•
The
colonel
inspected
the
troops
during
the
dawn
parade
.
The
colonel
inspected
the
troops
during
the
dawn
parade
.
•
After
twenty
years
of
service
,
she
was
promoted
to
colonel
.
After
twenty
years
of
service
,
she
was
promoted
to
colonel
.
Late
16th
c
.,
from
Middle
French
colonel
,
from
Italian
colonnello
“
column
leader
”,
ultimately
from
Latin
columna
“
column
”.
noun
an
honorary
title
granted
by
some
U
.
S
.
states
,
especially
Kentucky
,
as
a
mark
of
distinction
for
community
service
or
achievement
•
He
was
named
a
Kentucky
colonel
for
raising
funds
for
local
schools
.
He
was
named
a
Kentucky
colonel
for
raising
funds
for
local
schools
.
•
People
still
call
her
colonel
even
though
she
never
served
in
the
military
.
People
still
call
her
colonel
even
though
she
never
served
in
the
military
.
Extension
of
the
military
rank
’
s
prestige
to
civilian
honors
in
the
early
19th-century
American
South
,
most
famously
formalized
in
Kentucky
in
1813
.
collaboration
noun
the
activity
of
working
together
with
other
people
or
groups
to
achieve
a
shared
goal
•
The
engineers
and
designers
improved
the
product
through
close
collaboration
.
The
engineers
and
designers
improved
the
product
through
close
collaboration
.
•
The
school's
music
festival
was
a
collaboration
between
students
and
teachers
.
The
school's
music
festival
was
a
collaboration
between
students
and
teachers
.
mid-19th
century
:
from
Latin
collaborare
‘
work
together
’
+
‑ion
noun
the
act
of
helping
or
cooperating
with
an
enemy
force
that
has
occupied
your
country
•
During
the
war
,
he
was
accused
of
collaboration
with
the
invaders
.
During
the
war
,
he
was
accused
of
collaboration
with
the
invaders
.
•
Acts
of
collaboration
were
harshly
punished
after
liberation
.
Acts
of
collaboration
were
harshly
punished
after
liberation
.
sense
emerged
during
the
First
and
Second
World
Wars
,
extending
the
general
idea
of
working
together
to
refer
specifically
to
aiding
an
occupying
enemy
colony
noun
-
colony
,
colonies
a
large
group
of
the
same
animals
,
insects
,
or
plants
living
and
working
closely
together
in
one
place
•
A
huge
colony
of
penguins
covered
the
icy
shoreline
.
A
huge
colony
of
penguins
covered
the
icy
shoreline
.
•
An
angry
colony
of
ants
swarmed
over
the
fallen
fruit
.
An
angry
colony
of
ants
swarmed
over
the
fallen
fruit
.
applied
to
animal
communities
in
the
18th
century
,
by
analogy
with
human
colonies
.
noun
-
colony
,
colonies
a
country
or
territory
that
is
ruled
and
controlled
by
a
distant
,
more
powerful
nation
•
India
was
once
the
most
valuable
colony
of
the
British
Empire
.
India
was
once
the
most
valuable
colony
of
the
British
Empire
.
•
The
rebels
fought
hard
to
free
the
colony
from
foreign
rule
.
The
rebels
fought
hard
to
free
the
colony
from
foreign
rule
.
from
Latin
colōnia
“
settlement
,
farm
,”
from
colōnus
“
farmer
,
settler
.”
noun
-
colony
,
colonies
a
community
of
people
from
the
same
country
or
background
living
together
in
a
foreign
place
•
There
is
a
small
French
colony
in
the
center
of
the
city
,
complete
with
cafés
and
bakeries
.
There
is
a
small
French
colony
in
the
center
of
the
city
,
complete
with
cafés
and
bakeries
.
•
The
writer
joined
an
expatriate
colony
on
the
island
to
find
inspiration
.
The
writer
joined
an
expatriate
colony
on
the
island
to
find
inspiration
.
sense
developed
in
English
in
the
17th
century
from
earlier
meaning
of
settlement
.
noun
-
colony
,
colonies
a
visible
mass
of
microorganisms
growing
together
on
the
surface
of
a
culture
medium
•
After
incubation
,
a
single
bacterial
colony
appeared
on
the
Petri
dish
.
After
incubation
,
a
single
bacterial
colony
appeared
on
the
Petri
dish
.
•
The
scientist
counted
each
fungal
colony
under
the
microscope
.
The
scientist
counted
each
fungal
colony
under
the
microscope
.
borrowed
into
microbiology
in
the
late
19th
century
as
laboratory
techniques
developed
.
colonial
adjective
connected
with
colonies
or
with
the
historical
period
when
one
country
controlled
and
governed
another
•
India
gained
independence
after
nearly
two
centuries
of
colonial
rule
.
India
gained
independence
after
nearly
two
centuries
of
colonial
rule
.
•
The
documentary
explores
the
impact
of
colonial
policies
on
indigenous
cultures
.
The
documentary
explores
the
impact
of
colonial
policies
on
indigenous
cultures
.
From
Latin
‘
colonia
’
meaning
‘
farm
,
settlement
’
+
English
suffix
‘
-al
’.
Came
into
English
in
the
18th
century
to
describe
matters
related
to
overseas
colonies
.
adjective
describing
furniture
,
buildings
,
or
decorative
style
that
copies
or
is
inspired
by
designs
from
the
American
colonies
before
independence
•
They
bought
a
charming
colonial
house
with
white
shutters
and
a
brick
chimney
.
They
bought
a
charming
colonial
house
with
white
shutters
and
a
brick
chimney
.
•
The
dining
room
features
colonial
furniture
made
of
dark
polished
oak
.
The
dining
room
features
colonial
furniture
made
of
dark
polished
oak
.
The
stylistic
use
grew
in
late
19th-century
America
,
referring
to
design
elements
of
the
17th-
and
18th-century
colonial
period
.
noun
a
person
who
lives
in
or
comes
from
a
colony
,
especially
a
European
settler
in
former
times
•
The
British
colonial
kept
detailed
diaries
about
life
overseas
.
The
British
colonial
kept
detailed
diaries
about
life
overseas
.
•
Some
colonials
formed
trading
companies
to
export
local
spices
.
Some
colonials
formed
trading
companies
to
export
local
spices
.
First
recorded
in
the
early
18th
century
,
from
the
adjective
‘
colonial
’,
referring
to
the
people
residing
in
colonies
.
collector
noun
a
person
who
enjoys
gathering
and
keeping
a
particular
kind
of
object
as
a
hobby
•
The
collector
proudly
showed
his
rare
coin
album
to
his
friends
.
The
collector
proudly
showed
his
rare
coin
album
to
his
friends
.
•
At
the
flea
market
,
a
young
collector
hunted
for
vintage
comic
books
.
At
the
flea
market
,
a
young
collector
hunted
for
vintage
comic
books
.
From
Latin
‘
colligere
’
meaning
‘
to
gather
together
’,
through
Old
French
‘
collecteur
’.
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
gather
money
,
tickets
,
or
fees
from
the
public
•
The
bus
collector
walked
down
the
aisle
,
clipping
each
passenger
’
s
ticket
.
The
bus
collector
walked
down
the
aisle
,
clipping
each
passenger
’
s
ticket
.
•
A
tax
collector
visited
the
shop
to
review
last
quarter
’
s
records
.
A
tax
collector
visited
the
shop
to
review
last
quarter
’
s
records
.
Professional
use
recorded
since
the
15th
century
,
originally
referring
to
officials
gathering
taxes
.
noun
a
device
or
component
that
gathers
and
holds
a
particular
substance
or
electrical
charge
•
The
workshop
installed
a
new
dust collector
to
keep
the
air
clean
.
The
workshop
installed
a
new
dust collector
to
keep
the
air
clean
.
•
In
a
transistor
,
the
collector
receives
charge
carriers
from
the
base
region
.
In
a
transistor
,
the
collector
receives
charge
carriers
from
the
base
region
.
Applied
to
machinery
and
electronics
since
the
late
19th
century
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
collecting
’
to
devices
.
columnist
noun
a
journalist
who
writes
a
regular
article
called
a
column
for
a
newspaper
,
magazine
,
or
website
,
often
giving
personal
opinions
on
a
particular
subject
•
The
local
newspaper
hired
a
young
columnist
to
write
about
city
events
.
The
local
newspaper
hired
a
young
columnist
to
write
about
city
events
.
•
As
a
tech
columnist
,
he
reviews
the
latest
gadgets
every
week
.
As
a
tech
columnist
,
he
reviews
the
latest
gadgets
every
week
.
early
20th
century
:
from
column
+
-ist
‘
a
person
who
practices
or
is
concerned
with
something
’.
collar
noun
the
part
of
a
shirt
,
coat
,
or
dress
that
fits
around
or
lies
flat
at
the
neck
•
Maya
turned
up
the
collar
of
her
coat
to
keep
out
the
cold
wind
.
Maya
turned
up
the
collar
of
her
coat
to
keep
out
the
cold
wind
.
•
He
spilled
coffee
on
his
white
shirt
collar
during
the
meeting
.
He
spilled
coffee
on
his
white
shirt
collar
during
the
meeting
.
From
Old
French
coler
,
from
Latin
collāre
“
neckband
”,
from
collum
“
neck
”.
noun
a
band
worn
around
an
animal
’
s
neck
,
often
to
attach
a
leash
or
carry
identification
•
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
as
Sarah
fastened
a
blue
collar
around
its
neck
.
The
puppy
wagged
its
tail
as
Sarah
fastened
a
blue
collar
around
its
neck
.
•
Make
sure
the
dog
’
s
collar
has
an
ID
tag
before
we
go
to
the
park
.
Make
sure
the
dog
’
s
collar
has
an
ID
tag
before
we
go
to
the
park
.
Extension
of
the
clothing
sense
to
things
worn
by
animals
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
verb
to
catch
or
hold
someone
so
they
cannot
escape
,
especially
to
arrest
them
•
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
The
security
guard
collared
the
shoplifter
before
he
reached
the
exit
.
•
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
They
finally
collared
the
pickpocket
after
a
long
chase
.
Originally
‘
put
a
collar
on
’,
later
figuratively
‘
seize
by
the
neck
’;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
early
17th
century
.
chocolate
noun
a
sweet
brown
food
made
from
roasted
cacao
beans
and
sugar
,
eaten
as
candy
or
used
in
drinks
and
desserts
•
After
dinner
,
Emma
treated
herself
to
a
square
of
chocolate
.
After
dinner
,
Emma
treated
herself
to
a
square
of
chocolate
.
•
The
smell
of
melted
chocolate
drifted
through
the
entire
bakery
.
The
smell
of
melted
chocolate
drifted
through
the
entire
bakery
.
adjective
containing
or
flavored
with
chocolate
•
She
chose
a
slice
of
chocolate
cake
for
her
birthday
.
She
chose
a
slice
of
chocolate
cake
for
her
birthday
.
•
The
café
serves
the
richest
chocolate
ice
cream
in
town
.
The
café
serves
the
richest
chocolate
ice
cream
in
town
.
noun
-
chocolate
a
dark
brown
color
like
that
of
chocolate
candy
•
The
artist
mixed
red
and
black
paint
to
create
a
deep
chocolate
for
the
tree
trunks
.
The
artist
mixed
red
and
black
paint
to
create
a
deep
chocolate
for
the
tree
trunks
.
•
They
chose
chocolate
for
the
walls
in
their
living
room
.
They
chose
chocolate
for
the
walls
in
their
living
room
.
protocol
noun
the
official
or
accepted
set
of
rules
for
behaving
correctly
in
formal
situations
•
The
ambassador
explained
that
bowing
first
was
part
of
diplomatic
protocol
.
The
ambassador
explained
that
bowing
first
was
part
of
diplomatic
protocol
.
•
It
is
good
office
protocol
to
mute
your
microphone
during
online
meetings
.
It
is
good
office
protocol
to
mute
your
microphone
during
online
meetings
.
Borrowed
in
the
15th
century
from
Middle
French
protocole
,
ultimately
from
Greek
prōtokollon
‘
first
glue
’,
the
sheet
glued
to
the
front
of
a
scroll
as
a
label
,
hence
‘
official
record
’
and
later
‘
official
rules
’.
noun
a
standard
set
of
rules
that
allows
computers
or
devices
to
exchange
information
•
HTTPS
is
a
secure
protocol
that
protects
data
sent
between
your
browser
and
a
website
.
HTTPS
is
a
secure
protocol
that
protects
data
sent
between
your
browser
and
a
website
.
•
The
two
apps
could
not
communicate
because
they
used
different
network
protocols
.
The
two
apps
could
not
communicate
because
they
used
different
network
protocols
.
noun
a
detailed
written
plan
describing
how
an
experiment
or
medical
treatment
should
be
carried
out
•
The
hospital
followed
a
strict
treatment
protocol
for
flu
patients
.
The
hospital
followed
a
strict
treatment
protocol
for
flu
patients
.
•
The
research
team
wrote
a
detailed
lab
protocol
before
starting
the
experiment
.
The
research
team
wrote
a
detailed
lab
protocol
before
starting
the
experiment
.