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ought
verb
used
to
say
that
someone
has
a
moral
duty
or
is
strongly
advised
to
do
something
•
You
ought
to
apologize
for
the
mistake
.
You
ought
to
apologize
for
the
mistake
.
•
Children
ought
to
brush
their
teeth
before
bed
.
Children
ought
to
brush
their
teeth
before
bed
.
From
Old
English
āgan
(
to
own
,
to
owe
)
in
past
form
āhte
,
which
developed
into
a
modal
meaning
of
moral
obligation
.
verb
used
to
say
that
something
is
likely
or
expected
to
happen
•
The
train
ought
to
arrive
any
minute
.
The
train
ought
to
arrive
any
minute
.
•
This
key
ought
to
fit
the
front
door
.
This
key
ought
to
fit
the
front
door
.
Shift
from
duty
sense
to
probability
in
late
Middle
English
as
speakers
used
the
verb
for
reasonable
expectations
.
noun
(
rare
,
archaic
)
the
number
zero
•
My
grandfather
was
born
in
nineteen
ought
six
.
My
grandfather
was
born
in
nineteen
ought
six
.
•
The
team
scored
ought
in
the
first
half
.
The
team
scored
ought
in
the
first
half
.
Variant
of
“
nought
”
influenced
by
the
spelling
of
“
ought
,”
used
chiefly
in
early
20th-century
English
.
think
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
use
your
mind
to
form
ideas
,
understand
things
,
or
solve
problems
•
The
student
thought
hard
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
The
student
thought
hard
before
answering
the
tricky
question
.
•
When
you
think
about
the
problem
slowly
,
the
solution
becomes
clear
.
When
you
think
about
the
problem
slowly
,
the
solution
becomes
clear
.
Old
English
‘
þencan
’,
meaning
‘
to
conceive
in
the
mind
’,
related
to
German
‘
denken
’.
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
believe
or
have
an
opinion
about
something
•
I
think
this
restaurant
serves
the
best
pizza
in
town
.
I
think
this
restaurant
serves
the
best
pizza
in
town
.
•
Do
you
think
he
will
enjoy
the
movie
?
Do
you
think
he
will
enjoy
the
movie
?
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
consider
something
carefully
before
making
a
decision
•
Take
a
moment
to
think
before
you
answer
the
question
.
Take
a
moment
to
think
before
you
answer
the
question
.
•
She
is
thinking
about
which
university
to
apply
to
.
She
is
thinking
about
which
university
to
apply
to
.
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
intend
or
plan
to
do
something
•
We
are
thinking
of
visiting
Japan
next
spring
.
We
are
thinking
of
visiting
Japan
next
spring
.
•
I
thought
to
call
you
yesterday
,
but
I
was
too
busy
.
I
thought
to
call
you
yesterday
,
but
I
was
too
busy
.
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
to
remember
or
try
to
remember
•
Can
you
think
where
you
left
your
keys
?
Can
you
think
where
you
left
your
keys
?
•
I
’
m
thinking
of
her
name
,
but
it
just
won
’
t
come
.
I
’
m
thinking
of
her
name
,
but
it
just
won
’
t
come
.
bring
verb
-
bring
,
bringing
,
brings
,
brought
to
carry
or
move
someone
or
something
with
you
toward
the
place
where
you
are
or
will
be
•
Please
bring
your
homework
to
class
tomorrow
.
Please
bring
your
homework
to
class
tomorrow
.
•
She
always
brings
an
umbrella
when
it
looks
like
rain
.
She
always
brings
an
umbrella
when
it
looks
like
rain
.
Old
English
"
bringan
"
meaning
"
to
carry
,
convey
,
produce
,"
related
to
German
"
bringen
".
verb
-
bring
,
bringing
,
brings
,
brought
to
cause
something
or
someone
to
reach
a
particular
state
,
feeling
,
or
condition
•
The
sad
movie
brought
tears
to
her
eyes
.
The
sad
movie
brought
tears
to
her
eyes
.
•
Exercise
can
bring
your
heart
rate
up
quickly
.
Exercise
can
bring
your
heart
rate
up
quickly
.
Extended
figurative
sense
recorded
since
Middle
English
,
broadening
the
idea
of
physically
carrying
to
causing
a
result
.
verb
-
bring
,
bringing
,
brings
,
brought
to
start
or
introduce
something
such
as
legal
action
,
discussion
,
or
attention
•
The
lawyer
decided
to
bring
a
lawsuit
against
the
corporation
.
The
lawyer
decided
to
bring
a
lawsuit
against
the
corporation
.
•
The
police
are
ready
to
bring
charges
after
the
investigation
.
The
police
are
ready
to
bring
charges
after
the
investigation
.
Specialized
legal
sense
developed
in
the
14th
century
,
using
the
idea
of
"
leading
"
a
matter
into
court
or
public
notice
.
buy
verb
-
buy
,
buying
,
buys
,
bought
to
get
something
by
paying
money
for
it
•
After
work
,
Mia
bought
a
loaf
of
bread
from
the
bakery
on
the
corner
.
After
work
,
Mia
bought
a
loaf
of
bread
from
the
bakery
on
the
corner
.
•
We're
saving
up
to
buy
a
small
house
near
the
beach
.
We're
saving
up
to
buy
a
small
house
near
the
beach
.
Old
English
“
bycgan
”,
related
to
Old
Norse
“
byggja
” (
to
settle
,
inhabit
),
gradually
developing
the
sense
of
obtaining
something
with
payment
.
verb
-
buy
,
buying
,
buys
,
bought
to
accept
something
as
true
or
reasonable
;
to
believe
•
I
don't
buy
his
excuse
about
missing
the
meeting
.
I
don't
buy
his
excuse
about
missing
the
meeting
.
•
Do
you
really
buy
the
idea
that
the
earth
is
flat
?
Do
you
really
buy
the
idea
that
the
earth
is
flat
?
Figurative
extension
from
the
literal
sense
of
exchanging
money
for
goods
,
first
recorded
in
the
19th
century
for
‘
accept
as
true
’.
thought
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
past
tense
and
past
participle
of
“
think
”
•
He
thought
the
store
opened
at
nine
,
but
it
actually
opened
at
ten
.
He
thought
the
store
opened
at
nine
,
but
it
actually
opened
at
ten
.
•
I
thought
you
said
you
were
coming
tomorrow
.
I
thought
you
said
you
were
coming
tomorrow
.
noun
an
idea
,
opinion
,
or
picture
that
appears
in
your
mind
•
A
brilliant
thought
struck
him
while
he
was
in
the
shower
.
A
brilliant
thought
struck
him
while
he
was
in
the
shower
.
•
She
wrote
her
thought
in
a
notebook
so
she
wouldn't
forget
it
.
She
wrote
her
thought
in
a
notebook
so
she
wouldn't
forget
it
.
From
Old
English
‘
þōht
’,
related
to
the
verb
‘
think
’.
noun
a
kind
or
act
of
kindness
or
consideration
for
someone
•
He
bought
flowers
for
his
mother
—
it
was
a
kind
thought
.
He
bought
flowers
for
his
mother
—
it
was
a
kind
thought
.
•
It's
the
thought
that
counts
,
not
the
price
of
the
gift
.
It's
the
thought
that
counts
,
not
the
price
of
the
gift
.
noun
-
thought
the
mental
activity
of
thinking
,
especially
deep
or
careful
consideration
•
Lost
in
thought
,
he
didn't
notice
the
bus
arriving
.
Lost
in
thought
,
he
didn't
notice
the
bus
arriving
.
•
Meditation
helps
clear
the
mind
of
distracting
thought
.
Meditation
helps
clear
the
mind
of
distracting
thought
.
fight
verb
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
to
use
physical
force
against
a
person
or
group
in
order
to
hurt
or
defeat
them
•
Two
boys
began
to
fight
in
the
playground
until
a
teacher
stopped
them
.
Two
boys
began
to
fight
in
the
playground
until
a
teacher
stopped
them
.
•
Soldiers
fight
on
the
front
lines
to
defend
their
country
.
Soldiers
fight
on
the
front
lines
to
defend
their
country
.
Old
English
feohtan
,
of
Germanic
origin
,
related
to
Dutch
vechten
and
German
fechten
,
meaning
‘
to
make
war
’.
verb
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
to
hit
,
kick
,
or
use
weapons
against
someone
in
order
to
defeat
or
hurt
them
•
Two
boys
started
to
fight
in
the
schoolyard
until
a
teacher
stopped
them
.
Two
boys
started
to
fight
in
the
schoolyard
until
a
teacher
stopped
them
.
•
The
knights
fought
with
swords
during
the
medieval
festival
reenactment
.
The
knights
fought
with
swords
during
the
medieval
festival
reenactment
.
Old
English
‘
feohtan
’,
of
Germanic
origin
;
related
to
German
‘
fechten
’
meaning
‘
to
fence
’.
noun
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
an
act
of
physical
combat
in
which
people
hit
,
kick
,
or
use
weapons
against
each
other
•
There
was
a
fight
outside
the
club
after
midnight
.
There
was
a
fight
outside
the
club
after
midnight
.
•
The
soldiers
prepared
for
the
fight
ahead
.
The
soldiers
prepared
for
the
fight
ahead
.
verb
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
to
work
very
hard
to
stop
something
bad
or
to
achieve
something
good
•
Doctors
around
the
world
fight
disease
with
new
medicines
and
vaccines
.
Doctors
around
the
world
fight
disease
with
new
medicines
and
vaccines
.
•
We
must
fight
for
equal
rights
for
everyone
.
We
must
fight
for
equal
rights
for
everyone
.
Extension
of
the
physical
sense
of
“
fight
”
to
abstract
struggles
was
recorded
in
English
as
early
as
the
16th
century
.
verb
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
to
try
very
hard
to
stop
something
bad
or
to
achieve
something
good
•
She
fought
to
stay
awake
during
the
long
lecture
.
She
fought
to
stay
awake
during
the
long
lecture
.
•
Doctors
are
fighting
to
save
the
patient
’
s
life
after
the
accident
.
Doctors
are
fighting
to
save
the
patient
’
s
life
after
the
accident
.
verb
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
to
compete
strongly
in
order
to
win
a
game
,
prize
,
or
position
•
The
team
will
fight
for
the
championship
on
Saturday
.
The
team
will
fight
for
the
championship
on
Saturday
.
•
She
fought
her
way
to
first
place
in
the
chess
tournament
.
She
fought
her
way
to
first
place
in
the
chess
tournament
.
noun
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
a
noisy
or
angry
disagreement
between
people
•
My
parents
had
a
fight
about
money
last
night
.
My
parents
had
a
fight
about
money
last
night
.
•
The
roommates
got
into
a
fight
over
the
messy
kitchen
.
The
roommates
got
into
a
fight
over
the
messy
kitchen
.
noun
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
a
serious
effort
to
achieve
something
difficult
or
to
stop
something
bad
•
The
town
began
a
fight
to
protect
its
old
library
from
demolition
.
The
town
began
a
fight
to
protect
its
old
library
from
demolition
.
•
Her
fight
against
cancer
inspired
everyone
around
her
.
Her
fight
against
cancer
inspired
everyone
around
her
.
noun
-
fight
,
fighting
,
fights
,
fought
the
courage
,
energy
,
or
spirit
that
makes
someone
keep
trying
•
Even
at
eighty
,
the
runner
still
has
plenty
of
fight
left
in
him
.
Even
at
eighty
,
the
runner
still
has
plenty
of
fight
left
in
him
.
•
The
injured
dog
showed
real
fight
and
survived
.
The
injured
dog
showed
real
fight
and
survived
.
seek
verb
-
seek
,
seeking
,
seeks
,
sought
to
look
for
or
try
to
find
something
that
you
need
,
want
,
or
have
lost
•
During
the
blackout
,
Maria
lit
a
candle
and
began
to
seek
a
flashlight
in
the
cluttered
drawer
.
During
the
blackout
,
Maria
lit
a
candle
and
began
to
seek
a
flashlight
in
the
cluttered
drawer
.
•
The
lost
puppy
sought
shelter
under
a
parked
car
during
the
storm
.
The
lost
puppy
sought
shelter
under
a
parked
car
during
the
storm
.
Old
English
‘
sēcan
’
meaning
‘
to
go
to
,
inquire
after
,
look
for
’.
Cognate
with
German
‘
suchen
’.
verb
-
seek
,
seeking
,
seeks
,
sought
to
ask
for
or
try
to
obtain
advice
,
help
,
permission
,
information
,
etc
.
•
After
the
accident
,
the
cyclist
sought
medical
help
at
a
nearby
clinic
.
After
the
accident
,
the
cyclist
sought
medical
help
at
a
nearby
clinic
.
•
Students
often
seek
advice
from
their
teachers
before
exams
.
Students
often
seek
advice
from
their
teachers
before
exams
.
Same
Old
English
root
as
Sense
1
,
later
widening
to
‘
request
formally
’.
verb
-
seek
,
seeking
,
seeks
,
sought
to
try
or
aim
to
achieve
or
do
something
•
The
start-up
is
seeking
to
revolutionize
renewable
energy
.
The
start-up
is
seeking
to
revolutionize
renewable
energy
.
•
He
always
seeks
to
improve
his
painting
skills
.
He
always
seeks
to
improve
his
painting
skills
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
Sense
1
by
the
13th
century
: ‘
attempt
to
obtain
a
result
’.
thinking
verb
-
think
,
thinking
,
thinks
,
thought
present
participle
of
think
•
She
was
thinking
about
pizza
when
the
phone
rang
.
She
was
thinking
about
pizza
when
the
phone
rang
.
•
I
’
m
thinking
of
buying
a
bicycle
.
I
’
m
thinking
of
buying
a
bicycle
.
