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hold
verb
-
hold
,
holding
,
holds
,
held
to
keep
something
in
your
hand
,
arms
,
or
another
part
of
the
body
without
letting
it
go
•
Please
hold
the
ladder
steady
while
I
climb
.
Please
hold
the
ladder
steady
while
I
climb
.
•
She
held
her
baby
close
to
keep
him
warm
.
She
held
her
baby
close
to
keep
him
warm
.
verb
-
hold
,
holding
,
holds
,
held
to
have
enough
space
or
strength
to
contain
,
carry
,
or
support
something
•
This
bottle
holds
one
litre
of
water
.
This
bottle
holds
one
litre
of
water
.
•
The
stadium
can
hold
fifty
thousand
fans
.
The
stadium
can
hold
fifty
thousand
fans
.
verb
-
hold
,
holding
,
holds
,
held
to
organize
and
have
a
meeting
,
event
,
or
activity
•
The
university
will
hold
a
graduation
ceremony
in
June
.
The
university
will
hold
a
graduation
ceremony
in
June
.
•
Our
club
holds
meetings
every
Friday
afternoon
.
Our
club
holds
meetings
every
Friday
afternoon
.
verb
-
hold
,
holding
,
holds
,
held
to
keep
someone
waiting
or
to
stop
something
for
a
short
time
•
Please
hold
the
line
while
I
transfer
your
call
.
Please
hold
the
line
while
I
transfer
your
call
.
•
Passengers
had
to
hold
until
the
storm
passed
.
Passengers
had
to
hold
until
the
storm
passed
.
noun
the
act
or
way
of
gripping
something
tightly
•
He
tightened
his
hold
on
the
rope
.
He
tightened
his
hold
on
the
rope
.
•
She
lost
her
hold
and
slipped
.
She
lost
her
hold
and
slipped
.
verb
-
hold
,
holding
,
holds
,
held
to
continue
to
be
true
,
effective
,
or
in
the
same
state
•
Your
invitation
still
holds
.
Your
invitation
still
holds
.
•
The
rule
holds
in
every
case
.
The
rule
holds
in
every
case
.
noun
control
or
influence
over
something
or
someone
•
The
company
has
a
strong
hold
on
the
market
.
The
company
has
a
strong
hold
on
the
market
.
•
Fear
had
a
hold
over
him
.
Fear
had
a
hold
over
him
.
hole
noun
an
empty
space
or
opening
through
something
solid
•
There
’
s
a
small
hole
in
my
sock
.
There
’
s
a
small
hole
in
my
sock
.
•
The
dog
dug
a
deep
hole
in
the
garden
to
bury
its
bone
.
The
dog
dug
a
deep
hole
in
the
garden
to
bury
its
bone
.
Old
English
“
hol
”
meaning
‘
cave
,
hollow
place
’,
from
Proto-Germanic
*hul-
‘
hollow
’.
noun
one
of
the
parts
of
a
golf
course
from
the
tee
to
the
cup
,
or
the
cup
itself
•
It
took
her
four
strokes
to
finish
the
third
hole
.
It
took
her
four
strokes
to
finish
the
third
hole
.
•
He
sank
a
long
putt
and
the
ball
dropped
into
the
hole
.
He
sank
a
long
putt
and
the
ball
dropped
into
the
hole
.
noun
an
unpleasant
,
dirty
,
or
small
place
to
live
or
stay
•
His
apartment
is
a
real
hole
with
moldy
walls
and
no
heat
.
His
apartment
is
a
real
hole
with
moldy
walls
and
no
heat
.
•
I
don't
want
to
spend
the
night
in
that
hole
again
.
I
don't
want
to
spend
the
night
in
that
hole
again
.
verb
-
hole
,
holing
,
holes
,
holed
to
make
an
opening
or
hollow
in
something
by
piercing
,
drilling
,
or
digging
•
A
stray
bullet
holed
the
metal
gate
.
A
stray
bullet
holed
the
metal
gate
.
•
Use
this
drill
to
hole
the
wooden
board
for
the
screws
.
Use
this
drill
to
hole
the
wooden
board
for
the
screws
.
verb
-
hole
,
holing
,
holes
,
holed
to
hit
or
roll
a
golf
or
billiards
ball
into
the
hole
or
pocket
•
She
holed
her
putt
from
ten
meters
and
cheered
.
She
holed
her
putt
from
ten
meters
and
cheered
.
•
If
you
hole
the
ball
in
two
shots
,
that's
a
birdie
.
If
you
hole
the
ball
in
two
shots
,
that's
a
birdie
.
holy
adjective
-
holy
,
holier
,
holiest
connected
to
a
god
or
religion
and
treated
with
deep
respect
•
Pilgrims
removed
their
shoes
before
entering
the
holy
temple
.
Pilgrims
removed
their
shoes
before
entering
the
holy
temple
.
•
The
holy
book
lay
open
on
a
wooden
stand
,
its
pages
glowing
in
the
candlelight
.
The
holy
book
lay
open
on
a
wooden
stand
,
its
pages
glowing
in
the
candlelight
.
Old
English
‘
hālig
’
meaning
‘
whole
,
uninjured
,
sacred
’,
related
to
‘
whole
’.
adjective
-
holy
,
holier
,
holiest
used
in
exclamations
to
show
surprise
,
shock
,
or
excitement
•
Holy cow
!
That
skateboard
trick
was
amazing
!
Holy cow
!
That
skateboard
trick
was
amazing
!
•
Holy smoke
,
the
power
just
went
out
!
Holy smoke
,
the
power
just
went
out
!
From
the
main
adjective
sense
;
became
an
intensifier
in
American
English
exclamations
in
the
early
1900s
.
holiday
noun
a
period
of
time
when
you
do
not
go
to
work
or
school
,
often
travelling
somewhere
for
pleasure
•
School
ends
tomorrow
,
and
our
holiday
to
the
seaside
starts
on
Saturday
.
School
ends
tomorrow
,
and
our
holiday
to
the
seaside
starts
on
Saturday
.
•
They
saved
money
all
year
for
a
two-week
holiday
in
Greece
.
They
saved
money
all
year
for
a
two-week
holiday
in
Greece
.
noun
a
special
day
each
year
when
most
people
do
not
work
because
of
a
national
,
cultural
,
or
religious
celebration
•
Independence
Day
is
a
national
holiday
in
the
United
States
.
Independence
Day
is
a
national
holiday
in
the
United
States
.
•
Many
shops
close
early
on
the
public
holiday
.
Many
shops
close
early
on
the
public
holiday
.
verb
to
spend
a
period
away
from
home
for
rest
or
pleasure
•
This
year
we
holiday
in
the
Scottish
Highlands
.
This
year
we
holiday
in
the
Scottish
Highlands
.
•
They
usually
holiday
abroad
every
spring
.
They
usually
holiday
abroad
every
spring
.
whole
adjective
complete
and
not
missing
any
parts
•
Lena
accidentally
dropped
the
plate
,
but
it
remained
whole
and
unbroken
.
Lena
accidentally
dropped
the
plate
,
but
it
remained
whole
and
unbroken
.
•
After
a
week
apart
,
the
whole
family
gathered
for
dinner
around
a
large
wooden
table
.
After
a
week
apart
,
the
whole
family
gathered
for
dinner
around
a
large
wooden
table
.
Old
English
“
hāl
”
meaning
“
uninjured
,
sound
”
evolved
into
Middle
English
“
whole
,”
keeping
the
idea
of
something
complete
.
adjective
complete
and
not
missing
any
part
or
piece
•
After
the
move
,
we
spent
the
whole
day
unpacking
boxes
.
After
the
move
,
we
spent
the
whole
day
unpacking
boxes
.
•
The
vase
fell
but
amazingly
stayed
in
one
whole
piece
.
The
vase
fell
but
amazingly
stayed
in
one
whole
piece
.
Old
English
‘
hāl
’
meaning
‘
unhurt
,
healthy
,
entire
’;
related
to
‘
heal
’
and
‘
hale
’.
noun
a
thing
that
is
complete
in
itself
and
is
made
of
parts
that
belong
together
•
When
you
put
the
puzzle
pieces
together
,
they
form
a
beautiful
whole
.
When
you
put
the
puzzle
pieces
together
,
they
form
a
beautiful
whole
.
•
We
need
to
consider
the
economy
as
a
whole
,
not
just
individual
industries
.
We
need
to
consider
the
economy
as
a
whole
,
not
just
individual
industries
.
Developed
from
the
adjective
sense
,
with
the
idea
that
the
completed
thing
is
‘
whole
’.
noun
a
thing
that
is
complete
in
itself
,
formed
by
all
its
parts
together
•
When
you
add
the
small
donations
together
,
they
form
a
significant
whole
.
When
you
add
the
small
donations
together
,
they
form
a
significant
whole
.
•
He
looked
at
society
as
a
whole
,
not
at
separate
classes
.
He
looked
at
society
as
a
whole
,
not
at
separate
classes
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
Old
English
‘
hāl
’, ‘
entire
’.
adverb
entirely
;
completely
(
mainly
informal
)
•
I
’
m
whole
done
with
my
homework
,
so
let
’
s
go
play
.
I
’
m
whole
done
with
my
homework
,
so
let
’
s
go
play
.
•
She
was
whole
convinced
that
the
plan
would
succeed
.
She
was
whole
convinced
that
the
plan
would
succeed
.
Emerged
in
informal
American
English
during
the
19th
century
,
extending
the
adjective
’
s
sense
of
completeness
into
an
adverbial
use
.
determiner
used
before
a
number
,
amount
,
or
period
of
time
to
emphasize
that
it
is
surprisingly
large
or
complete
•
It
took
a
whole
three
hours
to
finish
the
exam
.
It
took
a
whole
three
hours
to
finish
the
exam
.
•
She
spent
a
whole
month
backpacking
across
Europe
.
She
spent
a
whole
month
backpacking
across
Europe
.
Evolved
from
adjective
use
in
the
late
Middle
English
period
to
add
emphasis
before
nouns
.
catholic
adjective
including
a
very
wide
variety
of
things
or
interests
;
broad
and
universal
in
scope
•
Emma's
tastes
in
literature
are
truly
catholic
;
she
enjoys
everything
from
ancient
epics
to
modern
graphic
novels
.
Emma's
tastes
in
literature
are
truly
catholic
;
she
enjoys
everything
from
ancient
epics
to
modern
graphic
novels
.
•
The
museum's
catholic
collection
ranges
from
Egyptian
mummies
to
contemporary
sculptures
.
The
museum's
catholic
collection
ranges
from
Egyptian
mummies
to
contemporary
sculptures
.
From
Greek
katholikos
‘
universal
’,
via
Latin
catholicus
.
Catholic
adjective
relating
to
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
,
its
members
,
or
its
teachings
•
The
town's
architecture
reflects
its
strong
Catholic
heritage
,
with
a
grand
cathedral
at
its
center
.
The
town's
architecture
reflects
its
strong
Catholic
heritage
,
with
a
grand
cathedral
at
its
center
.
•
He
attended
a
Catholic
school
run
by
nuns
.
He
attended
a
Catholic
school
run
by
nuns
.
Capitalized
use
developed
in
Late
Latin
as
ecclesia
catholica
‘
universal
church
’,
later
narrowed
to
the
Roman
Church
.
noun
a
person
who
is
a
member
of
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
•
As
a
devoted
Catholic
,
Miguel
goes
to
mass
every
Sunday
.
As
a
devoted
Catholic
,
Miguel
goes
to
mass
every
Sunday
.
•
The
village
is
mostly
made
up
of
Catholics
,
but
it
welcomes
visitors
of
all
faiths
.
The
village
is
mostly
made
up
of
Catholics
,
but
it
welcomes
visitors
of
all
faiths
.
Same
origin
as
the
adjective
:
ultimately
from
Greek
katholikos
‘
universal
’,
applied
to
members
of
the
universal
(
Roman
)
Church
.
household
noun
all
the
people
who
live
together
in
the
same
home
,
thought
of
as
one
unit
•
There
are
six
people
in
my
household
,
so
we
use
a
lot
of
electricity
.
There
are
six
people
in
my
household
,
so
we
use
a
lot
of
electricity
.
•
Each
household
on
the
street
received
a
survey
about
recycling
.
Each
household
on
the
street
received
a
survey
about
recycling
.
Old
English
hūs
“
house
”
+
hāld
“
keeper
,
inhabitant
,”
later
shifting
to
mean
the
people
living
in
a
house
.
adjective
used
in
homes
or
connected
with
the
daily
life
of
people
who
live
together
•
We
buy
most
of
our
household
cleaning
products
at
the
local
market
.
We
buy
most
of
our
household
cleaning
products
at
the
local
market
.
•
Sorting
household
waste
into
different
bins
helps
the
environment
.
Sorting
household
waste
into
different
bins
helps
the
environment
.
Extended
from
the
noun
sense
in
late
Middle
English
to
modify
items
or
activities
associated
with
the
home
.
alcohol
noun
-
alcohol
A
strong
,
clear
liquid
(
ethanol
)
that
can
make
people
drunk
and
is
found
in
drinks
such
as
beer
,
wine
,
and
spirits
.
•
The
restaurant
does
not
serve
alcohol
to
anyone
under
18
.
The
restaurant
does
not
serve
alcohol
to
anyone
under
18
.
•
After
quitting
alcohol
,
she
felt
healthier
and
more
energetic
.
After
quitting
alcohol
,
she
felt
healthier
and
more
energetic
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Medieval
Latin
alcohol
,
originally
from
Arabic
al-kuḥl
(“
the
kohl
,
the
finely
powdered
antimony
”).
Over
time
the
word
came
to
mean
any
purified
substance
,
and
later
the
spirit
distilled
from
wine
.
noun
(
Chemistry
)
Any
organic
compound
whose
molecule
includes
a
hydroxyl
(
−OH
)
group
attached
to
a
carbon
atom
,
such
as
methanol
or
ethanol
.
•
Methanol
is
the
simplest
alcohol
used
in
laboratories
.
Methanol
is
the
simplest
alcohol
used
in
laboratories
.
•
The
student
listed
several
alcohols
,
including
propanol
and
butanol
,
in
her
report
.
The
student
listed
several
alcohols
,
including
propanol
and
butanol
,
in
her
report
.
Sense
extended
in
the
18th–19th
centuries
when
chemists
applied
the
word
to
a
whole
class
of
compounds
that
could
be
distilled
and
purified
like
ethanol
.
scholar
noun
a
person
who
has
deep
and
detailed
knowledge
of
a
subject
,
especially
through
serious
academic
study
•
The
history
department
invited
a
famous
scholar
to
give
a
lecture
about
ancient
Greece
.
The
history
department
invited
a
famous
scholar
to
give
a
lecture
about
ancient
Greece
.
•
She
spent
years
in
dusty
libraries
,
becoming
a
respected
scholar
of
medieval
literature
.
She
spent
years
in
dusty
libraries
,
becoming
a
respected
scholar
of
medieval
literature
.
From
Old
English
“
scolere
”,
borrowed
from
Latin
“
scholaris
”
meaning
‘
pupil
’,
related
to
“
schola
” (
school
).
noun
a
student
who
receives
a
scholarship
to
pay
for
their
education
•
The
university
named
Mia
the
top
scholar
in
the
engineering
programme
.
The
university
named
Mia
the
top
scholar
in
the
engineering
programme
.
•
As
a
government
scholar
,
he
studied
abroad
without
worrying
about
tuition
fees
.
As
a
government
scholar
,
he
studied
abroad
without
worrying
about
tuition
fees
.
noun
(
dated
)
a
child
or
young
person
who
attends
school
;
a
pupil
•
In
the
one-room
schoolhouse
,
the
teacher
rang
a
bell
and
the
scholars
hurried
inside
.
In
the
one-room
schoolhouse
,
the
teacher
rang
a
bell
and
the
scholars
hurried
inside
.
•
The
village
charity
bought
new
slates
so
every
young
scholar
could
practise
arithmetic
.
The
village
charity
bought
new
slates
so
every
young
scholar
could
practise
arithmetic
.
psychological
adjective
relating
to
the
mind
,
thoughts
,
or
feelings
rather
than
the
body
•
After
the
car
accident
,
Maria
needed
psychological
help
to
overcome
her
fear
of
driving
.
After
the
car
accident
,
Maria
needed
psychological
help
to
overcome
her
fear
of
driving
.
•
Long
periods
of
isolation
can
cause
serious
psychological
effects
on
astronauts
aboard
the
space
station
.
Long
periods
of
isolation
can
cause
serious
psychological
effects
on
astronauts
aboard
the
space
station
.
From
psychology
+
-ical
,
first
used
in
the
mid-19th
century
when
psychology
emerged
as
a
scientific
field
.
adjective
planned
to
influence
a
person
’
s
thoughts
or
feelings
,
especially
to
gain
an
advantage
•
The
army
used
loud
music
as
a
psychological
tactic
to
keep
the
enemy
awake
at
night
.
The
army
used
loud
music
as
a
psychological
tactic
to
keep
the
enemy
awake
at
night
.
•
Mark
played
a
clever
psychological
trick
by
staring
silently
at
his
chess
rival
to
make
him
nervous
.
Mark
played
a
clever
psychological
trick
by
staring
silently
at
his
chess
rival
to
make
him
nervous
.
Extension
of
the
basic
sense
,
first
recorded
in
military
writings
during
World
War
II
when
strategies
to
affect
enemy
morale
became
formalized
.
psychology
noun
-
psychology
,
psychologies
the
scientific
study
of
how
the
mind
works
and
why
people
and
animals
behave
as
they
do
•
Maria
decided
to
major
in
psychology
because
she
was
fascinated
by
human
emotions
.
Maria
decided
to
major
in
psychology
because
she
was
fascinated
by
human
emotions
.
•
A
high-school
teacher
explained
how
experiments
in
psychology
can
reveal
hidden
biases
.
A
high-school
teacher
explained
how
experiments
in
psychology
can
reveal
hidden
biases
.
From
Ancient
Greek
‘
psukhē
’
meaning
‘
soul
,
mind
’
+
‘
-logia
’
meaning
‘
study
’.
noun
-
psychology
,
psychologies
the
way
a
particular
person
,
group
,
or
situation
tends
to
think
and
feel
•
The
coach
studied
the
opposing
team
’
s
psychology
to
predict
its
next
move
.
The
coach
studied
the
opposing
team
’
s
psychology
to
predict
its
next
move
.
•
You
need
to
understand
a
toddler
’
s
psychology
to
keep
them
calm
on
a
long
flight
.
You
need
to
understand
a
toddler
’
s
psychology
to
keep
them
calm
on
a
long
flight
.
Sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
as
people
began
applying
scientific
ideas
to
everyday
thinking
and
behavior
.
scholarship
noun
money
given
to
a
student
to
help
pay
for
education
,
usually
because
of
good
grades
,
special
talent
,
or
financial
need
•
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
Maya
won
a
full
scholarship
to
Harvard
because
of
her
excellent
grades
.
•
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
The
coach
offered
him
a
sports
scholarship
for
his
talent
on
the
soccer
field
.
From
Middle
English
scolarshippe
,
formed
from
scholar
+
-ship
,
originally
meaning
the
status
or
position
of
being
a
scholar
;
later
also
the
financial
award
.
noun
-
scholarship
serious
study
and
deep
knowledge
about
a
subject
,
especially
as
shown
in
academic
research
and
writing
•
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
His
book
is
a
masterpiece
of
historical
scholarship
.
•
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
The
professor
’
s
lectures
reflect
deep
scholarship
and
passion
.
Developed
from
the
original
sense
of
“
state
of
being
a
scholar
”
to
refer
more
broadly
to
the
learning
and
research
produced
by
scholars
.