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minister
noun
a
member
of
the
Christian
clergy
,
especially
in
Protestant
churches
,
who
leads
services
and
cares
for
the
people
in
the
congregation
.
•
After
the
service
,
the
minister
greeted
everyone
warmly
.
After
the
service
,
the
minister
greeted
everyone
warmly
.
•
The
minister
delivered
a
short
,
inspiring
sermon
about
kindness
.
The
minister
delivered
a
short
,
inspiring
sermon
about
kindness
.
Middle
English
:
from
Old
French
ministre
,
from
Latin
minister
‘
servant
,
attendant
’.
noun
a
high-ranking
government
official
who
is
in
charge
of
a
department
,
or
in
some
countries
the
head
of
the
government
.
•
The
health
minister
introduced
new
hospital
funding
today
.
The
health
minister
introduced
new
hospital
funding
today
.
•
Our
country
’
s
minister
of
education
visited
the
elementary
school
.
Our
country
’
s
minister
of
education
visited
the
elementary
school
.
noun
an
official
sent
by
one
government
to
live
in
another
country
and
represent
it
there
,
ranking
below
an
ambassador
.
•
The
United
States
appointed
a
new
minister
to
the
small
island
nation
.
The
United
States
appointed
a
new
minister
to
the
small
island
nation
.
•
The
minister
presented
his
credentials
to
the
king
at
the
palace
.
The
minister
presented
his
credentials
to
the
king
at
the
palace
.
verb
to
give
help
or
care
,
especially
medical
or
spiritual
,
to
someone
who
needs
it
.
•
Nurses
ministered
to
injured
passengers
after
the
crash
.
Nurses
ministered
to
injured
passengers
after
the
crash
.
•
Volunteers
stayed
all
night
and
ministered
to
the
homeless
families
.
Volunteers
stayed
all
night
and
ministered
to
the
homeless
families
.
ministry
noun
-
ministry
,
ministries
a
government
department
that
manages
a
specific
area
of
public
affairs
,
such
as
health
,
education
,
or
finance
•
The
ministry
announced
new
health
guidelines
today
.
The
ministry
announced
new
health
guidelines
today
.
•
She
applied
for
a
job
at
the
ministry
of
Culture
after
university
.
She
applied
for
a
job
at
the
ministry
of
Culture
after
university
.
From
Latin
ministerium
“
office
,
service
”,
from
minister
“
servant
”.
The
political
sense
developed
in
the
early
18th
century
.
noun
-
ministry
,
ministries
the
work
,
duties
,
or
position
of
a
religious
minister
,
or
helpful
service
done
for
others
inspired
by
faith
•
After
seminary
,
he
entered
the
ministry
full
time
.
After
seminary
,
he
entered
the
ministry
full
time
.
•
Her
ministry
to
the
homeless
includes
serving
hot
meals
every
weekend
.
Her
ministry
to
the
homeless
includes
serving
hot
meals
every
weekend
.
Originally
"
service
"
in
general
;
the
ecclesiastical
sense
has
been
used
since
the
14th
century
.
noun
-
ministry
,
ministries
the
group
of
government
ministers
who
collectively
run
a
country
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
hold
office
•
The
new
ministry
promised
tax
reforms
during
its
first
year
in
office
.
The
new
ministry
promised
tax
reforms
during
its
first
year
in
office
.
•
Critics
argue
that
the
previous
ministry
mishandled
the
crisis
.
Critics
argue
that
the
previous
ministry
mishandled
the
crisis
.
Use
for
the
collective
body
of
ministers
arose
in
Britain
in
the
early
19th
century
.
minimum
noun
the
smallest
amount
,
number
,
or
level
that
is
possible
,
allowed
,
or
needed
•
You
need
a
minimum
of
eight
glasses
of
water
a
day
to
stay
healthy
.
You
need
a
minimum
of
eight
glasses
of
water
a
day
to
stay
healthy
.
•
The
company
requires
a
minimum
of
two
years'
experience
for
this
job
.
The
company
requires
a
minimum
of
two
years'
experience
for
this
job
.
From
Latin
minimus
meaning
“
smallest
.”
adjective
being
the
smallest
or
least
possible
in
amount
,
degree
,
or
size
•
He
bought
the
car
with
minimum
mileage
he
could
find
.
He
bought
the
car
with
minimum
mileage
he
could
find
.
•
The
hotel
room
had
only
the
minimum
furniture
—
a
bed
and
a
chair
.
The
hotel
room
had
only
the
minimum
furniture
—
a
bed
and
a
chair
.
Derived
from
the
noun
use
of
minimum
,
from
Latin
minimus
meaning
“
smallest
.”
noun
-
minimum
,
minima
in
mathematics
,
a
point
at
which
a
function
has
a
value
lower
than
or
equal
to
every
nearby
point
•
The
graph
shows
a
minimum
at
the
point
(
3
,
−2
).
The
graph
shows
a
minimum
at
the
point
(
3
,
−2
).
•
We
used
calculus
to
find
the
function's
global
minimum
.
We
used
calculus
to
find
the
function's
global
minimum
.
Adopted
into
mathematical
language
in
the
17th
century
from
Latin
minimus
“
smallest
.”
minimize
verb
-
minimize
,
minimizing
,
minimizes
,
minimized
to
make
something
as
small
,
few
,
or
insignificant
as
possible
;
to
reduce
to
the
minimum
•
The
factory
installed
new
filters
to
minimize
air
pollution
.
The
factory
installed
new
filters
to
minimize
air
pollution
.
•
She
spoke
softly
to
minimize
the
chance
of
waking
the
baby
.
She
spoke
softly
to
minimize
the
chance
of
waking
the
baby
.
From
Latin
minimus
“
smallest
”
+
–ize
.
verb
-
minimize
,
minimizing
,
minimizes
,
minimized
to
make
something
seem
less
important
or
serious
than
it
really
is
;
to
downplay
or
belittle
•
The
company
tried
to
minimize
the
impact
of
the
data
breach
in
its
press
release
.
The
company
tried
to
minimize
the
impact
of
the
data
breach
in
its
press
release
.
•
He
tends
to
minimize
his
own
achievements
and
praise
others
instead
.
He
tends
to
minimize
his
own
achievements
and
praise
others
instead
.
Extension
of
the
idea
“
make
smallest
”
to
“
treat
as
small
”.
minimise
verb
-
minimise
,
minimising
,
minimises
,
minimised
to
make
something
as
small
,
few
,
or
insignificant
as
possible
;
to
reduce
to
the
minimum
•
The
hospital
updated
its
procedures
to
minimise
infection
rates
.
The
hospital
updated
its
procedures
to
minimise
infection
rates
.
•
Cyclists
wear
helmets
to
minimise
head
injuries
.
Cyclists
wear
helmets
to
minimise
head
injuries
.
Spelling
variant
with
-ise
preferred
in
British
English
.
verb
-
minimise
,
minimising
,
minimises
,
minimised
to
make
something
seem
less
important
or
serious
than
it
really
is
;
to
downplay
or
belittle
•
Officials
attempted
to
minimise
the
scale
of
the
budget
cuts
.
Officials
attempted
to
minimise
the
scale
of
the
budget
cuts
.
•
She
tends
to
minimise
her
mistakes
when
talking
to
her
manager
.
She
tends
to
minimise
her
mistakes
when
talking
to
her
manager
.
Extension
of
sense
‘
reduce
’
to
‘
treat
as
small
’;
-ise
spelling
reflects
British
convention
.
minimal
adjective
as
small
,
simple
,
or
slight
as
possible
;
only
what
is
really
necessary
•
The
repairs
cost
a
minimal
amount
because
the
damage
was
small
.
The
repairs
cost
a
minimal
amount
because
the
damage
was
small
.
•
Please
keep
decorations
minimal
so
the
room
feels
open
and
calm
.
Please
keep
decorations
minimal
so
the
room
feels
open
and
calm
.
From
Latin
minimus
“
smallest
”
+
-al
.
adjective
characteristic
of
or
relating
to
minimalism
,
an
artistic
style
that
uses
very
simple
forms
,
colors
,
or
sounds
•
The
gallery
is
famous
for
its
minimal
sculptures
made
of
plain
steel
.
The
gallery
is
famous
for
its
minimal
sculptures
made
of
plain
steel
.
•
He
enjoys
composing
minimal
music
with
repeating
patterns
.
He
enjoys
composing
minimal
music
with
repeating
patterns
.
Adopted
in
the
1960s
from
the
term
minimalism
,
describing
art
and
music
stripped
to
basic
elements
.
administration
noun
the
practical
work
of
organizing
and
running
the
day-to-day
affairs
of
a
company
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
Clear
record-keeping
is
vital
for
the
smooth
administration
of
a
charity
.
•
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
The
college
hired
extra
staff
to
improve
the
administration
of
student
services
.
From
Latin
administratio
“
management
,
direction
”,
from
administrare
“
to
manage
”.
noun
the
group
of
people
who
manage
and
make
decisions
for
an
organization
,
such
as
a
school
,
hospital
,
or
business
•
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
The
museum's
new
administration
announced
longer
opening
hours
.
•
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
Teachers
met
with
the
school
administration
to
discuss
classroom
needs
.
noun
the
government
of
a
particular
U
.
S
.
president
,
or
the
period
during
which
they
are
in
office
•
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
The
Biden
administration
passed
a
major
climate
bill
in
its
second
year
.
•
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
During
the
Roosevelt
administration
,
many
social
programs
were
created
.
noun
the
act
of
giving
a
medicine
or
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
The
nurse
checked
the
dosage
before
the
administration
of
the
drug
.
•
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
Oral
administration
is
easier
for
children
than
injections
.
determine
verb
-
determine
,
determining
,
determines
,
determined
to
discover
the
facts
or
exact
amount
of
something
by
studying
evidence
,
calculating
,
or
thinking
carefully
•
Engineers
determine
how
strong
a
bridge
must
be
before
building
it
.
Engineers
determine
how
strong
a
bridge
must
be
before
building
it
.
•
Astronomers
determine
the
distance
to
a
star
by
measuring
its
light
.
Astronomers
determine
the
distance
to
a
star
by
measuring
its
light
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
determiner
,
from
Latin
determinare
“
to
bound
,
limit
,
settle
” (
de–
“
completely
”
+
terminus
“
boundary
,
end
”).
verb
-
determine
,
determining
,
determines
,
determined
to
decide
or
control
what
will
happen
;
to
be
the
cause
of
something
•
Genetics
partly
determines
the
color
of
your
eyes
.
Genetics
partly
determines
the
color
of
your
eyes
.
•
Market
demand
will
determine
the
product
’
s
final
price
.
Market
demand
will
determine
the
product
’
s
final
price
.
verb
-
determine
,
determining
,
determines
,
determined
(
formal
)
to
officially
decide
or
settle
something
,
especially
in
law
or
government
•
The
court
will
determine
whether
the
evidence
is
admissible
.
The
court
will
determine
whether
the
evidence
is
admissible
.
•
The
committee
must
determine
the
best
site
for
the
new
hospital
.
The
committee
must
determine
the
best
site
for
the
new
hospital
.
examine
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
look
at
something
or
someone
carefully
in
order
to
understand
it
better
,
discover
facts
,
or
find
problems
•
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
The
mechanic
used
a
flashlight
to
examine
the
engine
for
leaks
.
•
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
Before
buying
the
house
,
they
examined
every
room
in
detail
.
From
Latin
examinare
“
weigh
,
consider
closely
,”
from
examen
“
weighing
(
out
).”
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
check
a
patient
’
s
body
or
health
condition
in
a
careful
,
systematic
way
•
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
The
doctor
gently
examined
the
child's
ear
with
an
otoscope
.
•
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
A
nurse
will
examine
your
blood
pressure
before
the
appointment
.
verb
-
examine
,
examining
,
examines
,
examined
to
formally
test
someone
’
s
knowledge
or
skill
•
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
The
committee
will
examine
the
candidates
in
advanced
mathematics
.
•
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
Students
are
examined
twice
a
year
on
reading
comprehension
.
mine
verb
-
mine
,
mining
,
mines
,
mined
to
dig
into
the
earth
to
remove
coal
,
metal
,
gems
,
or
other
valuable
materials
•
Companies
mine
iron
ore
from
the
hills
near
the
coast
.
Companies
mine
iron
ore
from
the
hills
near
the
coast
.
•
Artisanal
workers
mine
for
diamonds
using
simple
tools
.
Artisanal
workers
mine
for
diamonds
using
simple
tools
.
Derived
from
the
noun
“
mine
”;
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
15th
century
.
administrator
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
organise
,
manage
,
and
run
the
daily
operations
of
an
organisation
such
as
a
school
,
company
,
or
government
department
•
The
school
administrator
greeted
parents
at
the
entrance
on
the
first
day
of
classes
.
The
school
administrator
greeted
parents
at
the
entrance
on
the
first
day
of
classes
.
•
As
an
administrator
,
Maria
approves
all
budget
requests
before
they
are
sent
to
the
board
.
As
an
administrator
,
Maria
approves
all
budget
requests
before
they
are
sent
to
the
board
.
from
Latin
administrātor
‘
manager
,
steward
’,
from
administrāre
‘
to
manage
’
administrative
adjective
connected
with
planning
,
organizing
,
and
managing
the
ordinary
,
everyday
work
of
a
business
,
school
,
or
other
organization
•
Maria
handles
the
administrative
paperwork
for
the
entire
department
.
Maria
handles
the
administrative
paperwork
for
the
entire
department
.
•
The
company
hired
an
assistant
to
reduce
the
manager's
administrative
burden
.
The
company
hired
an
assistant
to
reduce
the
manager's
administrative
burden
.
From
Latin
administrativus
“
serving
,
helping
to
manage
,”
from
administrare
“
to
manage
.”
adjective
relating
to
official
actions
,
rules
,
or
decisions
made
by
government
departments
or
public
agencies
rather
than
by
courts
•
The
agency
issued
an
administrative
order
to
close
the
unsafe
factory
.
The
agency
issued
an
administrative
order
to
close
the
unsafe
factory
.
•
She
specializes
in
administrative
law
and
represents
clients
in
disputes
with
government
departments
.
She
specializes
in
administrative
law
and
represents
clients
in
disputes
with
government
departments
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
;
modern
legal
use
dates
from
the
19th-century
growth
of
government
agencies
.
undermine
verb
-
undermine
,
undermining
,
undermines
,
undermined
to
weaken
someone
or
something
little
by
little
,
often
in
a
secret
or
indirect
way
•
Negative
rumors
began
to
undermine
the
coach's
authority
within
the
team
.
Negative
rumors
began
to
undermine
the
coach's
authority
within
the
team
.
•
Constant
criticism
can
undermine
a
child's
confidence
.
Constant
criticism
can
undermine
a
child's
confidence
.
From
Middle
English
underminen
,
literally
“
dig
under
”,
from
under
+
mine
,
originally
referring
to
digging
beneath
walls
to
make
them
collapse
;
later
extended
figuratively
to
any
gradual
weakening
.
verb
-
undermine
,
undermining
,
undermines
,
undermined
to
dig
out
earth
beneath
a
structure
so
that
it
becomes
weak
or
collapses
•
Medieval
attackers
tried
to
undermine
the
castle
walls
to
make
them
crumble
.
Medieval
attackers
tried
to
undermine
the
castle
walls
to
make
them
crumble
.
•
Engineers
discovered
that
floodwaters
had
undermined
the
bridge
pier
,
making
repairs
urgent
.
Engineers
discovered
that
floodwaters
had
undermined
the
bridge
pier
,
making
repairs
urgent
.
Originally
a
literal
mining
term
:
to
remove
earth
or
rock
from
underneath
a
wall
or
building
so
it
collapses
,
especially
in
medieval
siege
warfare
.
administer
verb
to
be
in
charge
of
and
run
a
company
,
organization
,
or
system
•
Julia
was
hired
to
administer
the
small
charity
’
s
daily
operations
.
Julia
was
hired
to
administer
the
small
charity
’
s
daily
operations
.
•
A
young
male
principal
worked
late
to
administer
the
school
’
s
new
budget
.
A
young
male
principal
worked
late
to
administer
the
school
’
s
new
budget
.
verb
to
give
a
dose
of
medicine
or
medical
treatment
to
someone
•
The
nurse
gently
administered
the
vaccine
to
the
child
.
The
nurse
gently
administered
the
vaccine
to
the
child
.
•
Paramedics
had
to
administer
oxygen
at
the
scene
.
Paramedics
had
to
administer
oxygen
at
the
scene
.
verb
to
make
sure
a
law
,
punishment
,
or
test
is
carried
out
•
Judges
are
expected
to
administer
justice
without
favoritism
.
Judges
are
expected
to
administer
justice
without
favoritism
.
•
The
professor
will
administer
the
final
exam
in
the
main
hall
.
The
professor
will
administer
the
final
exam
in
the
main
hall
.
verb
to
perform
and
give
a
religious
rite
or
sacrament
to
someone
•
The
priest
administered
communion
to
the
congregation
.
The
priest
administered
communion
to
the
congregation
.
•
A
female
minister
administered
the
baptism
in
the
river
.
A
female
minister
administered
the
baptism
in
the
river
.
diminish
verb
-
diminish
,
diminishing
,
diminishes
,
diminished
to
become
or
make
something
smaller
in
size
,
amount
,
or
importance
•
During
the
drought
,
the
lake's
water
level
began
to
diminish
visibly
each
week
.
During
the
drought
,
the
lake's
water
level
began
to
diminish
visibly
each
week
.
•
Turning
off
unnecessary
lights
can
diminish
your
electricity
bill
.
Turning
off
unnecessary
lights
can
diminish
your
electricity
bill
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
diminuere
“
to
lessen
,
break
into
small
pieces
,”
from
minuere
“
make
smaller
.”
verb
-
diminish
,
diminishing
,
diminishes
,
diminished
to
make
someone
or
something
seem
less
important
,
valuable
,
or
impressive
;
to
belittle
•
She
never
intends
to
diminish
your
achievements
when
she
offers
advice
.
She
never
intends
to
diminish
your
achievements
when
she
offers
advice
.
•
The
critic's
harsh
review
diminished
the
actor's
confidence
.
The
critic's
harsh
review
diminished
the
actor's
confidence
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
:
from
Latin
diminuere
,
but
used
figuratively
to
refer
to
reducing
someone
’
s
status
or
worth
.