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with
preposition
accompanied
by
another
person
or
thing
•
Mia
went
to
the
park
with
her
dog
.
Mia
went
to
the
park
with
her
dog
.
•
A
young
boy
shared
his
pizza
with
his
little
sister
at
the
kitchen
table
.
A
young
boy
shared
his
pizza
with
his
little
sister
at
the
kitchen
table
.
Old
English
"
wiþ
"
meaning
"
against
,
toward
,
alongside
",
gradually
shifting
to
the
modern
sense
"
in
company
of
".
preposition
possessing
or
having
a
particular
feature
,
quality
,
or
object
•
They
rented
a
cottage
with
a
beautiful
garden
.
They
rented
a
cottage
with
a
beautiful
garden
.
•
She
bought
a
laptop
with
a
touch
screen
.
She
bought
a
laptop
with
a
touch
screen
.
Extension
of
earlier
sense
“
accompanied
by
”
to
describe
things
'carried
along'
as
properties
.
preposition
using
something
as
a
tool
,
material
,
or
method
•
Please
cut
the
paper
with
sharp
scissors
.
Please
cut
the
paper
with
sharp
scissors
.
•
She
wrote
the
note
with
a
purple
pen
.
She
wrote
the
note
with
a
purple
pen
.
Instrumental
use
developed
from
sense
of
association
,
indicating
the
object
employed
to
achieve
an
action
.
preposition
in
opposition
to
or
in
competition
against
•
Our
team
will
compete
with
the
champions
tomorrow
.
Our
team
will
compete
with
the
champions
tomorrow
.
•
She
argued
with
her
brother
about
the
movie
choice
.
She
argued
with
her
brother
about
the
movie
choice
.
Earlier
adversative
meaning
of
Old
English
“
wiþ
” (
'against'
)
survives
in
modern
competitive
use
.
without
preposition
not
having
,
lacking
,
or
in
the
absence
of
something
•
Maya
can
’
t
imagine
her
morning
without
coffee
.
Maya
can
’
t
imagine
her
morning
without
coffee
.
•
The
kids
played
happily
on
the
beach
without
shoes
.
The
kids
played
happily
on
the
beach
without
shoes
.
conjunction
unless
;
if
not
•
Without
you
study
harder
,
you
will
not
pass
.
Without
you
study
harder
,
you
will
not
pass
.
•
No
plan
can
succeed
without
we
all
agree
on
it
.
No
plan
can
succeed
without
we
all
agree
on
it
.
adverb
outside
;
on
the
outside
or
outdoors
(
archaic
)
•
The
castle
was
warm
within
,
but
bitterly
cold
without
.
The
castle
was
warm
within
,
but
bitterly
cold
without
.
•
Stay
within
the
walls
after
dark
;
danger
lurks
without
.
Stay
within
the
walls
after
dark
;
danger
lurks
without
.
within
preposition
inside
the
limits
or
boundaries
of
a
place
,
object
,
group
,
or
organization
•
The
cat
stayed
within
the
house
during
the
storm
.
The
cat
stayed
within
the
house
during
the
storm
.
•
Visitors
must
remain
within
the
marked
paths
in
the
park
.
Visitors
must
remain
within
the
marked
paths
in
the
park
.
Old
English
wiðinnan
,
from
wiþ
"
with
"
+
innan
"
inside
".
preposition
before
a
particular
period
of
time
has
passed
•
The
plumber
arrived
within
an
hour
.
The
plumber
arrived
within
an
hour
.
•
You
should
hear
back
from
us
within
two
business
days
.
You
should
hear
back
from
us
within
two
business
days
.
preposition
inside
the
limits
of
an
amount
,
range
,
or
rule
•
Try
to
keep
the
project
within
budget
.
Try
to
keep
the
project
within
budget
.
•
His
temperature
stayed
within
normal
limits
.
His
temperature
stayed
within
normal
limits
.
adverb
inside
;
indoors
or
internally
(
formal
or
literary
)
•
The
old
house
looked
abandoned
from
outside
,
but
it
was
warm
within
.
The
old
house
looked
abandoned
from
outside
,
but
it
was
warm
within
.
•
He
knocked
softly
and
stepped
within
.
He
knocked
softly
and
stepped
within
.
witness
noun
-
witness
,
witnesses
a
person
who
sees
an
event
happen
,
especially
an
accident
or
crime
•
A
witness
told
the
police
she
saw
the
car
run
the
red
light
.
A
witness
told
the
police
she
saw
the
car
run
the
red
light
.
•
There
was
no
witness
to
the
fire
,
so
its
cause
remains
unknown
.
There
was
no
witness
to
the
fire
,
so
its
cause
remains
unknown
.
Old
English
witnes
,
from
wit
‘
knowledge
’
+
-ness
.
Originally
‘
knowledge
’,
later
‘
knowledge
from
observation
’,
and
finally
the
current
sense
‘
person
who
sees
an
event
’.
noun
-
witness
,
witnesses
a
person
who
gives
evidence
in
a
court
of
law
about
what
they
know
or
have
seen
•
The
key
witness
took
the
stand
and
identified
the
suspect
.
The
key
witness
took
the
stand
and
identified
the
suspect
.
•
After
hearing
the
witness
,
the
jury
grew
silent
.
After
hearing
the
witness
,
the
jury
grew
silent
.
verb
-
witness
,
witnessing
,
witnesses
,
witnessed
to
see
something
happen
,
especially
an
important
event
or
crime
•
Crowds
witnessed
the
fireworks
display
from
the
riverbank
.
Crowds
witnessed
the
fireworks
display
from
the
riverbank
.
•
She
will
witness
the
signing
of
the
treaty
tomorrow
.
She
will
witness
the
signing
of
the
treaty
tomorrow
.
verb
-
witness
,
witnessing
,
witnesses
,
witnessed
to
sign
a
document
or
be
present
at
its
signing
to
confirm
it
is
genuine
•
Could
you
witness
my
signature
on
this
form
?
Could
you
witness
my
signature
on
this
form
?
•
Two
officials
witnessed
the
contract
signing
.
Two
officials
witnessed
the
contract
signing
.
withdraw
verb
-
withdraw
,
withdrawing
,
withdraws
,
withdrew
,
withdrawn
to
take
money
out
of
a
bank
account
,
cash
machine
,
or
similar
source
.
•
After
payday
,
Maria
withdrew
$50
to
pay
for
groceries
.
After
payday
,
Maria
withdrew
$50
to
pay
for
groceries
.
•
You
can
withdraw
cash
at
any
ATM
in
the
city
.
You
can
withdraw
cash
at
any
ATM
in
the
city
.
From
Middle
English
‘
withdrawen
’,
from
Old
English
‘
wiþdragan
’
meaning
“
to
draw
back
.”
verb
-
withdraw
,
withdrawing
,
withdraws
,
withdrew
,
withdrawn
to
pull
something
back
or
remove
it
from
where
it
was
placed
.
•
The
nurse
gently
withdrew
the
needle
after
giving
the
injection
.
The
nurse
gently
withdrew
the
needle
after
giving
the
injection
.
•
She
quickly
withdrew
her
hand
from
the
hot
pan
.
She
quickly
withdrew
her
hand
from
the
hot
pan
.
verb
-
withdraw
,
withdrawing
,
withdraws
,
withdrew
,
withdrawn
to
leave
or
stop
taking
part
in
an
activity
,
agreement
,
or
organization
.
•
The
athlete
had
to
withdraw
from
the
race
due
to
an
injury
.
The
athlete
had
to
withdraw
from
the
race
due
to
an
injury
.
•
Several
countries
decided
to
withdraw
from
the
trade
agreement
.
Several
countries
decided
to
withdraw
from
the
trade
agreement
.
verb
-
withdraw
,
withdrawing
,
withdraws
,
withdrew
,
withdrawn
(
of
troops
or
forces
)
to
move
back
or
be
moved
back
to
a
safer
or
earlier
position
.
•
The
commander
ordered
the
soldiers
to
withdraw
before
nightfall
.
The
commander
ordered
the
soldiers
to
withdraw
before
nightfall
.
•
All
foreign
troops
will
withdraw
by
the
end
of
the
year
.
All
foreign
troops
will
withdraw
by
the
end
of
the
year
.
verb
-
withdraw
,
withdrawing
,
withdraws
,
withdrew
,
withdrawn
to
become
quiet
and
distant
,
choosing
to
avoid
social
contact
or
communication
.
•
After
the
argument
,
he
withdrew
into
his
room
and
refused
to
talk
.
After
the
argument
,
he
withdrew
into
his
room
and
refused
to
talk
.
•
When
she
feels
stressed
,
she
often
withdraws
from
her
friends
.
When
she
feels
stressed
,
she
often
withdraws
from
her
friends
.
verb
-
withdraw
,
withdrawing
,
withdraws
,
withdrew
,
withdrawn
to
take
back
or
remove
a
statement
,
promise
,
or
offer
so
it
no
longer
applies
.
•
He
later
withdrew
his
complaint
after
the
misunderstanding
was
cleared
up
.
He
later
withdrew
his
complaint
after
the
misunderstanding
was
cleared
up
.
•
The
company
withdrew
its
offer
of
employment
.
The
company
withdrew
its
offer
of
employment
.
together with
preposition
in
addition
to
;
along
with
•
She
sent
the
invoice
together
with
the
signed
contract
.
She
sent
the
invoice
together with
the
signed
contract
.
•
The
teacher
,
together
with
the
students
,
planted
trees
behind
the
school
.
The
teacher
,
together with
the
students
,
planted
trees
behind
the
school
.
truck with
verb
-
truck
with
,
trucking
with
,
trucks
with
,
trucked
with
to
associate
or
have
dealings
with
someone
,
often
someone
viewed
negatively
or
disapproved
of
•
The
mayor
vowed
he
would
not
truck
with
corrupt
officials
.
The
mayor
vowed
he
would
not
truck with
corrupt
officials
.
•
In
the
novel
,
the
hero
refuses
to
truck
with
traitors
.
In
the
novel
,
the
hero
refuses
to
truck with
traitors
.
Early
17th-century
use
of
truck
meaning
“
barter
or
dealing
”;
the
verb
phrase
evolved
into
the
figurative
sense
of
having
dealings
.
switch
noun
-
switch
,
switches
a
small
device
,
such
as
a
button
,
lever
,
or
key
,
that
you
move
or
press
to
turn
electricity
or
an
electrical
machine
on
or
off
•
She
flipped
the
switch
and
the
lights
came
on
.
She
flipped
the
switch
and
the
lights
came
on
.
•
The
power
switch
on
the
computer
is
at
the
back
of
the
case
.
The
power
switch
on
the
computer
is
at
the
back
of
the
case
.
From
Middle
English
swich
,
swyche
(“
twig
,
switch
”),
later
extended
to
electrical
sense
in
the
late
19th
century
.
verb
-
switch
,
switching
,
switches
,
switched
to
turn
a
machine
,
light
,
or
device
on
or
off
by
operating
its
switch
•
Please
switch
the
radio
off
before
the
meeting
starts
.
Please
switch
the
radio
off
before
the
meeting
starts
.
•
She
switched
on
the
fan
because
it
was
so
hot
.
She
switched
on
the
fan
because
it
was
so
hot
.
noun
-
switch
,
switches
an
act
of
changing
from
one
thing
,
system
,
or
situation
to
another
•
After
moving
to
the
city
,
the
switch
from
buses
to
the
subway
was
easy
.
After
moving
to
the
city
,
the
switch
from
buses
to
the
subway
was
easy
.
•
The
company
made
a
sudden
switch
to
remote
work
.
The
company
made
a
sudden
switch
to
remote
work
.
verb
-
switch
,
switching
,
switches
,
switched
to
change
or
exchange
one
thing
,
position
,
or
activity
for
another
•
Let's
switch
seats
so
you
can
see
better
.
Let's
switch
seats
so
you
can
see
better
.
•
He
switched
his
major
from
history
to
biology
.
He
switched
his
major
from
history
to
biology
.
noun
-
switch
,
switches
a
thin
,
flexible
stick
or
twig
used
for
whipping
or
guiding
animals
•
The
rider
tapped
the
horse
lightly
with
a
switch
.
The
rider
tapped
the
horse
lightly
with
a
switch
.
•
She
cut
a
switch
from
the
willow
tree
beside
the
river
.
She
cut
a
switch
from
the
willow
tree
beside
the
river
.
verb
-
switch
,
switching
,
switches
,
switched
to
hit
or
whip
a
person
or
animal
lightly
with
a
thin
stick
or
switch
•
The
jockey
switched
the
horse
to
urge
it
forward
.
The
jockey
switched
the
horse
to
urge
it
forward
.
•
In
the
old
tale
,
the
teacher
switched
the
mischievous
boys
.
In
the
old
tale
,
the
teacher
switched
the
mischievous
boys
.
twitter
verb
When
a
bird
makes
many
short
,
high
sounds
again
and
again
.
•
At
sunrise
,
the
sparrows
began
to
twitter
in
the
garden
.
At
sunrise
,
the
sparrows
began
to
twitter
in
the
garden
.
•
A
tiny
wren
twittered
happily
from
the
fence
post
.
A
tiny
wren
twittered
happily
from
the
fence
post
.
Old
English
‘
twi-teren
’
or
‘
twiteren
’,
imitative
of
a
small
bird
’
s
repeated
high
notes
.
noun
-
twitter
The
short
,
high
sounds
that
birds
make
again
and
again
.
•
The
cheerful
twitter
of
swallows
filled
the
barn
.
The
cheerful
twitter
of
swallows
filled
the
barn
.
•
Early
spring
mornings
are
full
of
the
twitter
of
sparrows
.
Early
spring
mornings
are
full
of
the
twitter
of
sparrows
.
verb
To
speak
quickly
and
lightly
in
a
high
voice
,
often
about
unimportant
things
.
•
The
excited
girls
twittered
about
the
surprise
party
in
the
hallway
.
The
excited
girls
twittered
about
the
surprise
party
in
the
hallway
.
•
He
twittered
nervously
,
trying
to
impress
the
panel
.
He
twittered
nervously
,
trying
to
impress
the
panel
.
noun
A
state
of
nervous
excitement
or
fuss
.
•
Mom
was
in
a
twitter
because
the
guests
were
arriving
early
.
Mom
was
in
a
twitter
because
the
guests
were
arriving
early
.
•
The
class
was
in
a
twitter
before
the
field
trip
.
The
class
was
in
a
twitter
before
the
field
trip
.
Twitter
noun
-
Twitter
A
popular
social
media
website
and
app
where
people
share
short
messages
called
tweets
.
•
I
posted
a
photo
of
my
cat
on
Twitter
and
it
went
viral
.
I
posted
a
photo
of
my
cat
on
Twitter
and
it
went
viral
.
•
He
checks
Twitter
every
morning
for
the
latest
news
.
He
checks
Twitter
every
morning
for
the
latest
news
.
Named
by
its
founders
in
2006
to
evoke
the
short
,
quick
sounds
of
birds
’
twittering
and
the
fleeting
nature
of
brief
messages
.