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target
noun
Something
you
aim
at
and
try
to
hit
,
especially
in
sports
like
archery
or
shooting
.
•
The
archer
hit
the
target
in
the
center
on
her
first
try
.
The
archer
hit
the
target
in
the
center
on
her
first
try
.
•
At
the
carnival
,
kids
threw
darts
at
balloon
targets
to
win
prizes
.
At
the
carnival
,
kids
threw
darts
at
balloon
targets
to
win
prizes
.
noun
A
result
,
number
,
or
goal
you
are
trying
to
reach
.
•
Our
sales
target
for
this
month
is
10
,
000
units
.
Our
sales
target
for
this
month
is
10
,
000
units
.
•
Maria
set
a
new
running
target
of
finishing
the
5K
in
under
25
minutes
.
Maria
set
a
new
running
target
of
finishing
the
5K
in
under
25
minutes
.
noun
A
person
or
thing
that
someone
chooses
to
attack
,
criticize
,
or
joke
about
.
•
The
bully
made
Oliver
the
main
target
of
his
jokes
.
The
bully
made
Oliver
the
main
target
of
his
jokes
.
•
Hackers
often
pick
small
businesses
as
easy
targets
.
Hackers
often
pick
small
businesses
as
easy
targets
.
verb
To
aim
at
or
direct
something
such
as
an
action
,
product
,
or
advertisement
toward
a
particular
person
or
goal
.
•
The
new
ad
campaign
targets
young
adults
who
love
outdoor
sports
.
The
new
ad
campaign
targets
young
adults
who
love
outdoor
sports
.
•
Cyber
criminals
target
customers
’
bank
accounts
with
phishing
emails
.
Cyber
criminals
target
customers
’
bank
accounts
with
phishing
emails
.
start
verb
to
begin
doing
something
,
or
for
something
to
begin
•
Classes
start
at
nine
o
’
clock
every
morning
.
Classes
start
at
nine
o
’
clock
every
morning
.
•
He
wants
to
start
learning
the
guitar
this
summer
.
He
wants
to
start
learning
the
guitar
this
summer
.
Old
English
‘
steartian
’
meaning
‘
to
leap
up
,
begin
to
move
’.
noun
the
beginning
of
an
activity
,
event
,
or
period
of
time
•
From
the
start
,
everyone
knew
the
project
would
be
difficult
.
From
the
start
,
everyone
knew
the
project
would
be
difficult
.
•
They
got
off
to
a
slow
start
but
soon
gained
speed
.
They
got
off
to
a
slow
start
but
soon
gained
speed
.
verb
to
make
a
machine
,
vehicle
,
or
device
begin
working
•
Press
the
green
button
to
start
the
printer
.
Press
the
green
button
to
start
the
printer
.
•
It
took
several
tries
to
start
the
old
truck
on
the
cold
morning
.
It
took
several
tries
to
start
the
old
truck
on
the
cold
morning
.
verb
to
move
suddenly
because
of
surprise
or
fear
•
She
started
when
the
cat
jumped
onto
the
table
.
She
started
when
the
cat
jumped
onto
the
table
.
•
The
sudden
bang
made
the
baby
start
in
his
sleep
.
The
sudden
bang
made
the
baby
start
in
his
sleep
.
noun
a
sudden
jump
or
movement
caused
by
surprise
or
fear
•
With
a
start
,
he
realized
he
had
missed
the
last
train
.
With
a
start
,
he
realized
he
had
missed
the
last
train
.
•
The
loud
thunder
gave
her
a
start
.
The
loud
thunder
gave
her
a
start
.
star
noun
a
huge
ball
of
burning
gas
in
space
that
looks
like
a
small
bright
point
of
light
in
the
night
sky
•
Lying
on
the
balcony
,
Leo
tried
to
count
the
stars
twinkling
above
him
.
Lying
on
the
balcony
,
Leo
tried
to
count
the
stars
twinkling
above
him
.
•
The
campers
gasped
when
a
shooting
star
streaked
across
the
dark
forest
sky
.
The
campers
gasped
when
a
shooting
star
streaked
across
the
dark
forest
sky
.
Old
English
“
steorra
,”
from
Proto-Germanic
*sternō
,
related
to
Latin
“
stella
”
and
Greek
“
aster
,”
all
meaning
a
celestial
body
that
shines
.
noun
a
person
who
is
very
famous
and
admired
for
acting
,
singing
,
sports
,
or
another
public
activity
•
Thousands
of
fans
waited
at
the
airport
to
see
the
movie
star
arrive
.
Thousands
of
fans
waited
at
the
airport
to
see
the
movie
star
arrive
.
•
The
young
striker
quickly
became
a
star
after
scoring
three
goals
in
one
match
.
The
young
striker
quickly
became
a
star
after
scoring
three
goals
in
one
match
.
Transferred
sense
from
the
bright
heavenly
body
to
an
outstanding
person
,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
verb
-
star
,
starring
,
stars
,
starred
to
be
the
main
performer
in
a
film
,
play
,
show
,
or
other
production
•
The
new
comedy
will
star
two
well-known
television
actors
.
The
new
comedy
will
star
two
well-known
television
actors
.
•
She
starred
in
a
hit
musical
that
ran
for
over
a
year
on
Broadway
.
She
starred
in
a
hit
musical
that
ran
for
over
a
year
on
Broadway
.
Derived
from
the
noun
sense
‘
celebrity
’,
first
used
as
a
verb
in
the
late
19th
century
meaning
‘
to
feature
as
a
star
’.
adjective
excellent
or
most
important
in
a
group
•
Maria
is
the
star
student
in
her
science
class
.
Maria
is
the
star
student
in
her
science
class
.
•
The
coach
praised
his
star
player
for
scoring
the
winning
goal
.
The
coach
praised
his
star
player
for
scoring
the
winning
goal
.
From
the
idea
of
a
celebrated
‘
star
’
person
shining
above
others
,
later
applied
to
objects
or
roles
.
military
adjective
connected
with
soldiers
,
armies
,
or
the
activities
of
war
•
The
parade
marched
in
perfect
military
formation
down
the
main
street
.
The
parade
marched
in
perfect
military
formation
down
the
main
street
.
•
The
museum
displays
antique
military
uniforms
from
World
War
II
.
The
museum
displays
antique
military
uniforms
from
World
War
II
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Latin
militaris
‘
relating
to
soldiers
’,
from
miles
‘
soldier
’.
noun
-
military
the
armed
forces
of
a
country
,
including
its
army
,
navy
,
air
force
,
and
other
branches
•
After
finishing
college
,
he
decided
to
join
the
military
and
serve
his
country
.
After
finishing
college
,
he
decided
to
join
the
military
and
serve
his
country
.
•
The
military
was
quickly
deployed
to
help
rescue
survivors
after
the
devastating
earthquake
in
the
coastal
city
.
The
military
was
quickly
deployed
to
help
rescue
survivors
after
the
devastating
earthquake
in
the
coastal
city
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
Latin
militaris
‘
relating
to
soldiers
’,
from
miles
‘
soldier
’.
stare
verb
-
stare
,
staring
,
stares
,
stared
to
look
at
someone
or
something
for
a
long
time
without
blinking
,
often
because
you
are
surprised
,
curious
,
or
impolite
•
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
huge
dinosaur
skeleton
in
amazement
.
The
little
boy
stared
at
the
huge
dinosaur
skeleton
in
amazement
.
•
Please
don't
stare
at
people
on
the
train
;
it
makes
them
uncomfortable
.
Please
don't
stare
at
people
on
the
train
;
it
makes
them
uncomfortable
.
noun
a
long
,
fixed
look
from
someone
•
He
felt
the
teacher's
cold
stare
from
across
the
classroom
.
He
felt
the
teacher's
cold
stare
from
across
the
classroom
.
•
Lisa
met
his
long
stare
with
a
friendly
smile
.
Lisa
met
his
long
stare
with
a
friendly
smile
.
verb
-
stare
,
staring
,
stares
,
stared
to
be
very
obvious
or
noticeable
,
almost
forcing
itself
to
be
seen
•
The
spelling
mistake
stared
from
the
front
page
of
the
newspaper
.
The
spelling
mistake
stared
from
the
front
page
of
the
newspaper
.
•
The
bright
red
sofa
stares
against
the
pale
cream
walls
of
the
room
.
The
bright
red
sofa
stares
against
the
pale
cream
walls
of
the
room
.
noun
(
archaic
)
a
starling
;
a
small
dark
songbird
common
in
Europe
•
A
flock
of
stares
wheeled
above
the
old
farmhouse
at
dusk
.
A
flock
of
stares
wheeled
above
the
old
farmhouse
at
dusk
.
•
Medieval
poems
often
mention
the
cheerful
song
of
the
stare
.
Medieval
poems
often
mention
the
cheerful
song
of
the
stare
.
Old
English
staro
,
stearn
,
related
to
Old
High
German
staro
and
Latin
sturnus
(
starling
);
the
spelling
"
stare
"
became
obsolete
after
the
17th
century
.
secretary
noun
-
secretary
,
secretaries
a
person
employed
in
an
office
or
organization
who
handles
written
correspondence
,
phone
calls
,
appointments
,
and
other
routine
administrative
tasks
•
The
secretary
scheduled
the
meeting
for
Friday
afternoon
.
The
secretary
scheduled
the
meeting
for
Friday
afternoon
.
•
As
the
phones
kept
ringing
,
the
busy
secretary
remained
calm
and
answered
each
call
politely
.
As
the
phones
kept
ringing
,
the
busy
secretary
remained
calm
and
answered
each
call
politely
.
from
Latin
'secretarius'
meaning
'confidential
officer'
,
originally
referring
to
someone
who
keeps
secrets
for
a
superior
noun
-
secretary
,
secretaries
a
senior
government
official
who
is
the
head
of
a
department
or
ministry
,
such
as
the
Secretary
of
State
or
Secretary
of
Defense
•
The
secretary
of
health
answered
questions
from
reporters
about
the
new
vaccine
.
The
secretary
of
health
answered
questions
from
reporters
about
the
new
vaccine
.
•
During
the
summit
,
the
Secretary
of
State
signed
the
peace
agreement
.
During
the
summit
,
the
Secretary
of
State
signed
the
peace
agreement
.
extended
from
the
administrative
sense
to
high
government
offices
in
the
17th
century
noun
-
secretary
,
secretaries
a
piece
of
furniture
with
drawers
and
a
hinged
writing
surface
,
also
called
a
secretary
desk
,
used
for
writing
and
storing
papers
•
Grandma
kept
her
letters
in
the
antique
secretary
in
the
living
room
.
Grandma
kept
her
letters
in
the
antique
secretary
in
the
living
room
.
•
The
old
oak
secretary
folds
out
into
a
spacious
writing
surface
.
The
old
oak
secretary
folds
out
into
a
spacious
writing
surface
.
transferred
from
the
clerical
occupation
to
the
furniture
designed
for
writing
and
document
storage
elementary
adjective
basic
and
uncomplicated
;
dealing
with
the
simplest
or
most
fundamental
parts
of
something
•
Before
trying
advanced
problems
,
you
must
master
the
elementary
rules
of
algebra
.
Before
trying
advanced
problems
,
you
must
master
the
elementary
rules
of
algebra
.
•
The
chef
explained
the
elementary
steps
of
making
bread
,
starting
with
mixing
flour
and
water
.
The
chef
explained
the
elementary
steps
of
making
bread
,
starting
with
mixing
flour
and
water
.
From
Latin
elementarius
“
belonging
to
the
first
principles
,”
from
elementum
“
rudiment
,
first
principle
.”
adjective
relating
to
the
first
years
of
formal
schooling
,
especially
for
children
aged
about
5–11
•
She
teaches
fourth
grade
at
an
elementary
school
in
Boston
.
She
teaches
fourth
grade
at
an
elementary
school
in
Boston
.
•
Many
parents
volunteer
for
activities
during
the
elementary
years
.
Many
parents
volunteer
for
activities
during
the
elementary
years
.
interjection
used
humorously
to
say
that
something
is
very
obvious
or
easy
to
understand
•
When
the
answer
became
clear
,
she
snapped
her
fingers
and
exclaimed
, "
Elementary
!"
When
the
answer
became
clear
,
she
snapped
her
fingers
and
exclaimed
, "
Elementary
!"
•
"
It
’
s
elementary
,
my
dear
Watson
,"
the
detective
said
after
spotting
the
clue
.
"
It
’
s
elementary
,
my
dear
Watson
,"
the
detective
said
after
spotting
the
clue
.
Popularized
by
Sir
Arthur
Conan
Doyle
’
s
fictional
detective
Sherlock
Holmes
,
who
often
said
“
Elementary
,
my
dear
Watson
.”
guitar
noun
a
musical
instrument
with
six
strings
that
you
play
by
plucking
or
strumming
•
Maria
practiced
her
guitar
every
evening
until
the
song
sounded
perfect
.
Maria
practiced
her
guitar
every
evening
until
the
song
sounded
perfect
.
•
The
street
musician
strummed
his
old
guitar
and
sang
a
lively
tune
.
The
street
musician
strummed
his
old
guitar
and
sang
a
lively
tune
.
Borrowed
in
the
17th
century
from
Spanish
guitarra
,
which
came
via
Arabic
qītāra
from
Ancient
Greek
kithara
,
a
stringed
musical
instrument
.
starting
verb
present
participle
of
start
–
to
begin
doing
something
or
to
begin
to
happen
•
We
are
starting
our
journey
at
dawn
.
We
are
starting
our
journey
at
dawn
.
•
The
movie
is
starting
in
five
minutes
,
so
hurry
!
The
movie
is
starting
in
five
minutes
,
so
hurry
!
From
Old
English
"
styrtan
" (
to
leap
up
,
start
).
The
sense
of
"
to
begin
"
developed
in
Middle
English
and
the
–ing
form
has
been
used
since
the
late
14th
century
.
noun
the
act
or
moment
of
beginning
something
•
Rain
delayed
the
starting
of
the
race
.
Rain
delayed
the
starting
of
the
race
.
•
He
felt
nervous
at
the
starting
of
his
new
job
.
He
felt
nervous
at
the
starting
of
his
new
job
.
Gerund
form
of
the
verb
“
start
,”
used
as
a
noun
since
the
16th
century
.
adjective
existing
or
happening
at
the
beginning
of
something
•
Your
starting
salary
will
go
up
after
six
months
.
Your
starting
salary
will
go
up
after
six
months
.
•
We
met
at
the
starting
point
of
the
hiking
trail
.
We
met
at
the
starting
point
of
the
hiking
trail
.
Participial
adjective
from
the
verb
“
start
,”
used
attributively
since
the
early
17th
century
.
starter
noun
a
small
dish
that
is
eaten
before
the
main
course
of
a
meal
•
We
ordered
a
creamy
tomato
soup
as
a
starter
before
the
steak
arrived
.
We
ordered
a
creamy
tomato
soup
as
a
starter
before
the
steak
arrived
.
•
For
starter
,
Grandma
served
tiny
cheese
pastries
straight
from
the
oven
.
For
starter
,
Grandma
served
tiny
cheese
pastries
straight
from
the
oven
.
Derived
from
the
verb
“
start
,”
meaning
something
that
begins
a
sequence
,
first
recorded
with
the
food
sense
in
the
early
20th
century
.
noun
the
official
who
signals
the
beginning
of
a
race
•
The
starter
raised
his
pistol
,
and
the
sprinters
tensed
in
their
blocks
.
The
starter
raised
his
pistol
,
and
the
sprinters
tensed
in
their
blocks
.
•
After
the
loud
bang
from
the
starter
,
the
swimmers
dived
into
the
pool
.
After
the
loud
bang
from
the
starter
,
the
swimmers
dived
into
the
pool
.
From
the
verb
“
start
,”
with
the
agent
suffix
“
-er
,”
meaning
‘
one
who
starts
’,
documented
in
sporting
contexts
since
the
mid-19th
century
.
noun
a
player
chosen
to
begin
a
game
for
a
sports
team
•
Ella
trained
hard
and
finally
became
a
starter
for
the
varsity
basketball
team
.
Ella
trained
hard
and
finally
became
a
starter
for
the
varsity
basketball
team
.
•
The
coach
named
six
starters
and
told
the
rest
to
be
ready
as
substitutes
.
The
coach
named
six
starters
and
told
the
rest
to
be
ready
as
substitutes
.
Sports
use
arose
in
the
early
20th
century
,
extending
the
meaning
of
‘
one
who
starts
’
to
a
player
beginning
play
.
noun
an
electric
motor
that
turns
an
engine
to
make
it
begin
running
•
When
I
turned
the
key
,
the
car
’
s
starter
clicked
but
the
engine
did
not
fire
.
When
I
turned
the
key
,
the
car
’
s
starter
clicked
but
the
engine
did
not
fire
.
•
A
reliable
starter
is
essential
in
cold
weather
.
A
reliable
starter
is
essential
in
cold
weather
.
Automotive
sense
dates
from
the
early
1900s
with
the
invention
of
electric
self-starters
for
cars
.
noun
a
fermented
mixture
of
flour
and
water
containing
wild
yeast
,
used
to
make
bread
dough
rise
•
I
keep
my
sourdough
starter
in
a
glass
jar
on
the
kitchen
counter
.
I
keep
my
sourdough
starter
in
a
glass
jar
on
the
kitchen
counter
.
•
Feed
the
starter
with
equal
parts
flour
and
water
every
day
to
keep
it
alive
.
Feed
the
starter
with
equal
parts
flour
and
water
every
day
to
keep
it
alive
.
Baking
sense
comes
from
the
idea
of
a
mixture
that
‘
starts
’
fermentation
,
first
recorded
in
the
late
19th
century
.
documentary
noun
-
documentary
,
documentaries
a
film
,
television
or
radio
programme
that
tells
the
facts
about
real
people
,
places
,
or
events
•
The
class
watched
a
documentary
about
endangered
tigers
.
The
class
watched
a
documentary
about
endangered
tigers
.
•
My
sister
is
making
a
documentary
on
street
artists
in
Berlin
.
My
sister
is
making
a
documentary
on
street
artists
in
Berlin
.
From
document
+
-ary
;
first
used
in
the
film
sense
in
the
1930s
.
adjective
consisting
of
or
based
on
written
records
,
photographs
,
or
other
documents
;
strictly
factual
•
The
lawyer
presented
documentary
evidence
to
support
her
case
.
The
lawyer
presented
documentary
evidence
to
support
her
case
.
•
Historians
value
letters
as
important
documentary
sources
.
Historians
value
letters
as
important
documentary
sources
.
Derived
from
document
+
-ary
in
the
sense
‘
consisting
of
documents
’ (
mid-19th
century
).
bastard
noun
a
person
born
to
parents
who
were
not
married
to
each
other
,
especially
in
former
times
when
this
carried
social
stigma
•
In
the
medieval
drama
,
the
king
refuses
to
acknowledge
his
bastard
despite
the
boy
’
s
obvious
resemblance
.
In
the
medieval
drama
,
the
king
refuses
to
acknowledge
his
bastard
despite
the
boy
’
s
obvious
resemblance
.
•
Historical
records
often
labeled
children
born
outside
wedlock
simply
as
bastards
.
Historical
records
often
labeled
children
born
outside
wedlock
simply
as
bastards
.
The
sense
arose
in
Middle
English
law
to
label
children
born
out
of
wedlock
.
commentary
noun
-
commentary
,
commentaries
spoken
description
of
an
event
given
while
it
is
happening
,
especially
on
radio
,
television
,
or
online
video
•
The
football
fan
turned
up
the
volume
to
hear
the
commentary
during
the
match
.
The
football
fan
turned
up
the
volume
to
hear
the
commentary
during
the
match
.
•
Without
the
excited
commentary
,
the
race
would
have
felt
flat
.
Without
the
excited
commentary
,
the
race
would
have
felt
flat
.
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
commentarius
‘
notebook
,
annotation
’,
from
commentari
‘
to
comment
’.
noun
-
commentary
,
commentaries
a
set
of
notes
that
explain
,
interpret
,
or
criticize
a
text
,
especially
a
literary
or
religious
work
•
Our
English
teacher
handed
out
a
commentary
on
Shakespeare's
sonnets
.
Our
English
teacher
handed
out
a
commentary
on
Shakespeare's
sonnets
.
•
The
scholar's
commentary
on
the
ancient
poem
clarified
many
obscure
references
.
The
scholar's
commentary
on
the
ancient
poem
clarified
many
obscure
references
.
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
commentarius
‘
notebook
,
annotation
’.
noun
-
commentary
,
commentaries
an
expression
of
opinions
or
criticism
about
a
situation
,
event
,
or
trend
•
The
film
is
a
biting
commentary
on
consumer
culture
.
The
film
is
a
biting
commentary
on
consumer
culture
.
•
Her
painting
serves
as
a
social
commentary
on
urban
poverty
.
Her
painting
serves
as
a
social
commentary
on
urban
poverty
.
Extended
figurative
use
of
earlier
senses
meaning
‘
explanation
’.
monetary
adjective
relating
to
money
,
payments
,
or
amounts
expressed
in
money
•
The
award
included
a
significant
monetary
prize
.
The
award
included
a
significant
monetary
prize
.
•
She
keeps
careful
records
of
her
monetary
expenses
during
trips
.
She
keeps
careful
records
of
her
monetary
expenses
during
trips
.
From
Latin
monetarius
“
relating
to
money
”,
from
moneta
“
mint
,
coin
”.
adjective
connected
with
a
country
’
s
supply
of
money
and
how
it
is
controlled
•
The
central
bank
raised
interest
rates
to
tighten
monetary
policy
.
The
central
bank
raised
interest
rates
to
tighten
monetary
policy
.
•
Economists
debated
the
effects
of
monetary
expansion
on
inflation
.
Economists
debated
the
effects
of
monetary
expansion
on
inflation
.
From
Latin
monetarius
“
relating
to
money
”,
from
moneta
“
mint
,
coin
”.