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every
determiner
used
before
a
singular
countable
noun
to
refer
to
all
the
individual
people
or
things
in
a
group
,
one
by
one
•
Every
student
handed
in
the
assignment
on
time
.
Every
student
handed
in
the
assignment
on
time
.
•
He
checks
his
mailbox
every
day
after
work
.
He
checks
his
mailbox
every
day
after
work
.
Old
English
ǣfre
ǣlc
meaning
“
each
of
a
group
,”
from
ǣlc
“
each
”
plus
-re
(
intensive
suffix
),
later
influenced
by
ever
.
determiner
used
with
numbers
,
time
periods
,
or
distances
to
show
how
often
something
happens
or
that
things
are
spaced
at
equal
intervals
•
The
bus
arrives
every
fifteen
minutes
.
The
bus
arrives
every
fifteen
minutes
.
•
Take
one
tablet
every
six
hours
.
Take
one
tablet
every
six
hours
.
Same
origin
as
primary
sense
:
Old
English
roots
combined
with
numerical
usage
from
Middle
English
period
.
ever
adverb
at
any
time
in
the
past
,
present
,
or
future
•
Have
you
ever
seen
snow
in
the
desert
?
Have
you
ever
seen
snow
in
the
desert
?
•
If
you
ever
feel
lonely
,
just
call
me
.
If
you
ever
feel
lonely
,
just
call
me
.
adverb
always
;
for
all
time
;
continuously
•
She
stays
ever
hopeful
,
even
in
hard
times
.
She
stays
ever
hopeful
,
even
in
hard
times
.
•
The
city
is
ever
growing
,
with
new
skyscrapers
rising
each
year
.
The
city
is
ever
growing
,
with
new
skyscrapers
rising
each
year
.
adverb
used
as
an
intensifier
to
mean
“
very
”
in
expressions
like
“
ever
so
”
or
“
ever
such
”
•
The
soup
was
ever
so
spicy
that
I
needed
water
right
away
.
The
soup
was
ever
so
spicy
that
I
needed
water
right
away
.
•
You
are
ever
such
a
good
friend
.
You
are
ever
such
a
good
friend
.
never
adverb
at
no
time
;
not
on
any
occasion
•
I
have
never
ridden
a
horse
before
.
I
have
never
ridden
a
horse
before
.
•
He
never
forgets
his
mother's
birthday
.
He
never
forgets
his
mother's
birthday
.
Old
English
nǣfre
,
from
ne
(“
not
”)
+
æfre
(“
ever
”);
literally
“
not
ever
”.
interjection
used
to
express
strong
refusal
,
disbelief
,
or
emphatic
denial
•
“
Never
!”
she
shouted
when
asked
to
betray
her
friend
.
“
Never
!”
she
shouted
when
asked
to
betray
her
friend
.
•
When
the
reporter
suggested
he
might
quit
,
the
coach
replied
, “
Never
!”
When
the
reporter
suggested
he
might
quit
,
the
coach
replied
, “
Never
!”
Same
origin
as
the
adverb
sense
,
later
used
alone
as
an
exclamation
of
refusal
or
surprise
.
however
adverb
Used
to
introduce
a
statement
that
contrasts
with
or
seems
to
contradict
something
that
has
just
been
said
;
nevertheless
.
•
It
was
raining
heavily
;
however
,
the
children
still
wanted
to
play
outside
.
It
was
raining
heavily
;
however
,
the
children
still
wanted
to
play
outside
.
•
The
train
was
delayed
for
an
hour
;
however
,
no
one
in
the
waiting
room
looked
upset
.
The
train
was
delayed
for
an
hour
;
however
,
no
one
in
the
waiting
room
looked
upset
.
conjunction
But
;
used
to
connect
two
contrasting
clauses
within
the
same
sentence
.
•
I
wanted
to
go
to
the
concert
,
however
I
couldn't
afford
a
ticket
.
I
wanted
to
go
to
the
concert
,
however
I
couldn't
afford
a
ticket
.
•
He
claimed
the
job
was
simple
,
however
nobody
understood
the
instructions
.
He
claimed
the
job
was
simple
,
however
nobody
understood
the
instructions
.
adverb
To
whatever
degree
or
extent
;
no
matter
how
.
•
However
hard
he
tried
,
he
couldn
’
t
solve
the
puzzle
.
However
hard
he
tried
,
he
couldn
’
t
solve
the
puzzle
.
•
However
quickly
she
ran
,
the
bus
pulled
away
before
she
arrived
.
However
quickly
she
ran
,
the
bus
pulled
away
before
she
arrived
.
adverb
Used
at
the
beginning
of
a
question
to
express
surprise
,
confusion
,
or
emphasis
,
meaning
“
in
what
way
”
or
“
by
what
means
”.
•
However
did
you
lift
that
heavy
box
alone
?
However
did
you
lift
that
heavy
box
alone
?
•
However
will
they
finish
the
project
on
time
?
However
will
they
finish
the
project
on
time
?
everything
pronoun
all
things
;
the
whole
of
what
exists
or
is
being
talked
about
•
She
packed
everything
she
needed
for
the
trip
into
one
small
suitcase
.
She
packed
everything
she
needed
for
the
trip
into
one
small
suitcase
.
•
Turn
off
the
lights
and
make
sure
everything
is
locked
before
you
leave
.
Turn
off
the
lights
and
make
sure
everything
is
locked
before
you
leave
.
Old
English
“
ǽghwilc
þing
” (
each
thing
)
gradually
merged
into
Middle
English
forms
like
“
everich
thing
,”
which
evolved
into
modern
“
everything
.”
noun
a
person
or
thing
that
is
the
most
important
part
of
someone
’
s
life
•
Music
was
her
everything
until
she
discovered
a
passion
for
writing
.
Music
was
her
everything
until
she
discovered
a
passion
for
writing
.
•
After
losing
his
job
,
he
realized
that
health
is
everything
.
After
losing
his
job
,
he
realized
that
health
is
everything
.
The
noun
use
grew
from
the
pronoun
meaning
in
the
mid-20th
century
,
adopting
a
figurative
sense
of
‘
all
that
matters
’.
several
determiner
more
than
two
but
not
a
large
number
of
•
I
bought
several
books
at
the
sale
.
I
bought
several
books
at
the
sale
.
•
Several
students
raised
their
hands
to
answer
the
question
.
Several
students
raised
their
hands
to
answer
the
question
.
From
Late
Latin
‘
severalis
’
meaning
‘
separate
,
different
’.
pronoun
more
than
two
but
not
many
people
or
things
,
used
without
a
following
noun
•
Several
were
injured
in
the
accident
.
Several
were
injured
in
the
accident
.
•
Only
several
remained
after
the
others
left
early
.
Only
several
remained
after
the
others
left
early
.
Pronoun
use
developed
from
the
determiner
meaning
in
Middle
English
.
adjective
separate
and
different
from
one
another
;
distinct
•
After
the
ceremony
,
the
friends
went
their
several
ways
.
After
the
ceremony
,
the
friends
went
their
several
ways
.
•
The
treaty
granted
the
islands
several
governments
.
The
treaty
granted
the
islands
several
governments
.
Sense
of
‘
separate
,
distinct
’
comes
from
Late
Latin
‘
separalis
’.
everyone
pronoun
every
person
;
all
people
in
a
particular
group
or
situation
.
•
After
the
concert
,
everyone
cheered
loudly
and
clapped
.
After
the
concert
,
everyone
cheered
loudly
and
clapped
.
•
The
teacher
asked
everyone
to
hand
in
their
homework
before
leaving
.
The
teacher
asked
everyone
to
hand
in
their
homework
before
leaving
.
From
Middle
English
*every
oon*
meaning
“
each
one
”.
Over
time
the
phrase
blended
into
the
single
word
“
everyone
”.
whatever
pronoun
anything
or
everything
that
;
no
matter
what
thing
•
“
Take
whatever
you
need
from
the
fridge
,”
said
the
older
sister
.
“
Take
whatever
you
need
from
the
fridge
,”
said
the
older
sister
.
•
I'll
support
you
in
whatever
you
decide
.
I'll
support
you
in
whatever
you
decide
.
Formed
from
“
what
”
+
“
ever
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
to
emphasize
the
idea
of
“
any
...
that
.”
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
mean
any
...
that
;
no
matter
which
•
Pick
up
whatever
book
catches
your
eye
.
Pick
up
whatever
book
catches
your
eye
.
•
You
can
wear
whatever
shoes
are
comfortable
.
You
can
wear
whatever
shoes
are
comfortable
.
interjection
used
to
show
indifference
or
that
you
do
not
care
what
happens
or
what
was
said
•
“
You
should
really
tidy
your
room
,”
said
his
mother
. “
Whatever
,”
he
muttered
.
“
You
should
really
tidy
your
room
,”
said
his
mother
. “
Whatever
,”
he
muttered
.
•
“
We
can
go
to
the
beach
or
the
mountains
.” “
Whatever
,
you
decide
,”
she
replied
.
“
We
can
go
to
the
beach
or
the
mountains
.” “
Whatever
,
you
decide
,”
she
replied
.
adverb
at
all
;
of
any
kind
,
used
after
a
negative
for
emphasis
•
He
showed
no
interest
whatever
in
the
project
.
He
showed
no
interest
whatever
in
the
project
.
•
There
was
no
danger
whatever
.
There
was
no
danger
whatever
.
everybody
pronoun
all
the
people
in
a
particular
group
or
in
the
world
•
Everybody
cheered
when
the
lights
came
back
on
.
Everybody
cheered
when
the
lights
came
back
on
.
•
The
teacher
asked
everybody
to
hand
in
their
homework
.
The
teacher
asked
everybody
to
hand
in
their
homework
.
From
Middle
English
“
everi
body
,”
literally
“
each
body
,”
meaning
each
person
.
forever
adverb
for
all
time
without
ending
•
The
memory
of
her
kindness
will
live
forever
in
our
hearts
.
The
memory
of
her
kindness
will
live
forever
in
our
hearts
.
•
Scientists
once
thought
the
universe
would
expand
forever
.
Scientists
once
thought
the
universe
would
expand
forever
.
adverb
for
a
very
long
time
,
especially
longer
than
expected
or
wanted
•
Hurry
up
—
this
download
is
taking
forever
!
Hurry
up
—
this
download
is
taking
forever
!
•
The
traffic
jam
seemed
to
last
forever
this
morning
.
The
traffic
jam
seemed
to
last
forever
this
morning
.
noun
-
forever
an
extremely
long
time
or
eternity
•
For
what
felt
like
a
forever
,
the
lights
remained
out
.
For
what
felt
like
a
forever
,
the
lights
remained
out
.
•
They
pledged
their
love
for
forever
.
They
pledged
their
love
for
forever
.
adjective
lasting
or
meant
to
last
for
all
time
;
permanent
•
They
adopted
a
dog
and
gave
it
a
forever
home
.
They
adopted
a
dog
and
gave
it
a
forever
home
.
•
The
postal
service
sells
forever
stamps
that
stay
valid
even
after
prices
rise
.
The
postal
service
sells
forever
stamps
that
stay
valid
even
after
prices
rise
.
everywhere
adverb
in
or
to
all
places
•
She
looked
everywhere
for
her
missing
keys
.
She
looked
everywhere
for
her
missing
keys
.
•
Wildflowers
grow
everywhere
in
the
valley
during
spring
.
Wildflowers
grow
everywhere
in
the
valley
during
spring
.
from
Middle
English
everi
where
,
combining
everi
(“
every
”)
+
where
(“
place
”),
later
fused
into
one
word
pronoun
all
places
considered
together
;
every
place
•
Everywhere
is
quieter
after
the
snowstorm
.
Everywhere
is
quieter
after
the
snowstorm
.
•
During
the
blackout
,
everywhere
was
dark
and
silent
.
During
the
blackout
,
everywhere
was
dark
and
silent
.
developed
from
the
adverb
"
everywhere
"
used
substantively
to
mean
“
every
place
”
whenever
conjunction
every
time
that
something
happens
or
at
any
time
that
something
might
happen
•
Whenever
the
baby
cries
,
her
father
picks
her
up
.
Whenever
the
baby
cries
,
her
father
picks
her
up
.
•
Take
a
break
whenever
you
feel
tired
.
Take
a
break
whenever
you
feel
tired
.
adverb
at
whatever
time
;
at
an
unspecified
time
,
especially
in
questions
or
when
no
particular
time
is
important
•
Call
me
whenever
;
I'm
usually
at
home
in
the
evenings
.
Call
me
whenever
;
I'm
usually
at
home
in
the
evenings
.
•
We
can
start
the
meeting
whenever
suits
you
best
.
We
can
start
the
meeting
whenever
suits
you
best
.
conjunction
(
informal
,
US
)
at
the
specific
time
that
;
when
(
used
for
a
single
past
event
)
•
I
was
driving
to
work
whenever
I
saw
the
accident
.
I
was
driving
to
work
whenever
I
saw
the
accident
.
•
He
called
me
whenever
he
got
home
last
night
.
He
called
me
whenever
he
got
home
last
night
.
severe
adjective
-
severe
,
severer
,
severest
Very
serious
or
extreme
;
causing
a
lot
of
harm
,
pain
,
or
difficulty
.
•
Last
night's
storm
caused
severe
damage
to
the
coastal
village
.
Last
night's
storm
caused
severe
damage
to
the
coastal
village
.
•
She
went
to
hospital
because
of
severe
stomach
pain
.
She
went
to
hospital
because
of
severe
stomach
pain
.
adjective
-
severe
,
severer
,
severest
Strict
and
harsh
in
attitude
,
judgment
,
or
punishment
.
•
The
principal
gave
the
students
a
severe
warning
for
cheating
.
The
principal
gave
the
students
a
severe
warning
for
cheating
.
•
His
father
was
known
to
be
severe
but
fair
.
His
father
was
known
to
be
severe
but
fair
.
adjective
-
severe
,
severer
,
severest
Plain
and
simple
,
without
decoration
,
softness
,
or
excess
.
•
She
chose
a
severe
black
dress
with
no
embellishments
.
She
chose
a
severe
black
dress
with
no
embellishments
.
•
The
office's
severe
design
featured
bare
concrete
walls
and
metal
furniture
.
The
office's
severe
design
featured
bare
concrete
walls
and
metal
furniture
.
nevertheless
adverb
despite
what
has
just
been
said
or
done
;
in
spite
of
that
•
It
was
pouring
with
rain
,
but
nevertheless
the
soccer
match
continued
.
It
was
pouring
with
rain
,
but
nevertheless
the
soccer
match
continued
.
•
The
cake
burned
in
the
oven
;
nevertheless
,
everyone
laughed
and
enjoyed
the
birthday
party
.
The
cake
burned
in
the
oven
;
nevertheless
,
everyone
laughed
and
enjoyed
the
birthday
party
.
formed
from
nevertheless
(
never
+
the
+
less
)
in
Middle
English
,
meaning
“
not
at
all
the
less
.”
everyday
adjective
ordinary
;
happening
,
used
,
or
seen
each
day
•
He
wore
his
everyday
shoes
instead
of
the
polished
ones
he
keeps
for
weddings
.
He
wore
his
everyday
shoes
instead
of
the
polished
ones
he
keeps
for
weddings
.
•
Using
public
transport
is
an
everyday
routine
for
millions
of
people
in
big
cities
.
Using
public
transport
is
an
everyday
routine
for
millions
of
people
in
big
cities
.
From
Middle
English
‘
every
day
’
used
attributively
;
over
time
the
two
words
fused
into
a
single
adjective
.
noun
the
ordinary
or
routine
aspects
of
daily
life
•
The
photographer
’
s
work
captures
the
poetry
of
the
everyday
.
The
photographer
’
s
work
captures
the
poetry
of
the
everyday
.
•
She
finds
joy
in
the
everyday
despite
her
stressful
job
.
She
finds
joy
in
the
everyday
despite
her
stressful
job
.
Nominalized
use
of
the
adjective
‘
everyday
’,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
whoever
pronoun
used
to
mean
any
person
or
people
that
;
no
matter
who
•
Whoever
finishes
the
project
first
will
get
a
prize
.
Whoever
finishes
the
project
first
will
get
a
prize
.
•
You
may
invite
whoever
you
like
to
the
party
.
You
may
invite
whoever
you
like
to
the
party
.
From
Middle
English
who
ever
,
literally
“
who
ever
(
it
may
be
)”.
pronoun
used
in
questions
to
show
surprise
or
emphasis
when
you
do
not
know
which
person
•
Whoever
could
that
be
knocking
at
the
door
so
late
?
Whoever
could
that
be
knocking
at
the
door
so
late
?
•
Whoever
would
leave
their
bike
in
the
middle
of
the
road
?
Whoever
would
leave
their
bike
in
the
middle
of
the
road
?
Extension
of
interrogative
‘
who
’
with
emphatic
‘
ever
’,
first
recorded
in
the
18th
century
.
wherever
conjunction
in
or
to
any
place
,
or
in
every
place
that
something
happens
or
is
true
•
Carry
your
jacket
with
you
wherever
you
go
,
because
the
weather
changes
quickly
in
the
mountains
.
Carry
your
jacket
with
you
wherever
you
go
,
because
the
weather
changes
quickly
in
the
mountains
.
•
The
toddler
follows
his
mother
wherever
she
walks
around
the
house
.
The
toddler
follows
his
mother
wherever
she
walks
around
the
house
.
Formed
in
Middle
English
by
combining
where
+
ever
to
give
an
indefinite
sense
of
place
.
adverb
used
in
questions
to
show
strong
surprise
or
confusion
about
where
someone
or
something
is
•
Wherever
did
you
leave
your
phone
this
time
?
Wherever
did
you
leave
your
phone
this
time
?
•
Dad
asked
,
'Wherever
have
all
the
cookies
gone
?
'
Dad
asked
,
'Wherever
have
all
the
cookies
gone
?
'
Same
origin
as
the
conjunction
:
where
+
ever
,
later
used
for
emphasis
in
questions
.
reverse
verb
-
reverse
,
reversing
,
reverses
,
reversed
to
make
a
vehicle
move
backwards
,
or
to
move
backwards
in
a
vehicle
•
She
slowly
reversed
out
of
the
narrow
driveway
.
She
slowly
reversed
out
of
the
narrow
driveway
.
•
The
bus
driver
reversed
to
let
the
pedestrian
pass
.
The
bus
driver
reversed
to
let
the
pedestrian
pass
.
noun
-
reverse
,
reversing
,
reverses
,
reversed
the
gear
in
a
vehicle
that
makes
it
move
backward
•
I
panicked
because
I
couldn't
find
reverse
on
the
new
car
.
I
panicked
because
I
couldn't
find
reverse
on
the
new
car
.
•
Put
the
tractor
in
reverse
and
back
up
slowly
.
Put
the
tractor
in
reverse
and
back
up
slowly
.
verb
-
reverse
,
reversing
,
reverses
,
reversed
to
change
something
so
that
it
becomes
the
opposite
of
what
it
was
before
•
After
seeing
the
sales
numbers
,
the
company
decided
to
reverse
its
policy
and
lower
prices
.
After
seeing
the
sales
numbers
,
the
company
decided
to
reverse
its
policy
and
lower
prices
.
•
The
judge
reversed
the
earlier
ruling
after
new
evidence
came
to
light
.
The
judge
reversed
the
earlier
ruling
after
new
evidence
came
to
light
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
reversus
,
past
participle
of
revertere
‘
turn
back
’.
noun
-
reverse
,
reversing
,
reverses
,
reversed
the
opposite
side
,
position
,
or
result
of
something
•
The
coin
was
scratched
on
the
reverse
,
but
the
front
was
perfect
.
The
coin
was
scratched
on
the
reverse
,
but
the
front
was
perfect
.
•
What
happened
was
the
exact
reverse
of
our
plan
.
What
happened
was
the
exact
reverse
of
our
plan
.
adjective
-
reverse
,
reversing
,
reverses
,
reversed
going
or
arranged
in
the
opposite
direction
,
order
,
or
way
•
The
list
is
in
reverse
order
,
starting
with
Z
.
The
list
is
in
reverse
order
,
starting
with
Z
.
•
He
traced
the
maze
by
following
the
reverse
path
.
He
traced
the
maze
by
following
the
reverse
path
.
clever
adjective
-
clever
,
cleverer
,
cleverest
able
to
think
quickly
and
learn
or
understand
things
easily
.
•
The
clever
student
solved
the
puzzle
in
just
five
minutes
.
The
clever
student
solved
the
puzzle
in
just
five
minutes
.
•
My
clever
brother
fixed
the
computer
without
any
help
.
My
clever
brother
fixed
the
computer
without
any
help
.
From
Middle
English
"
cliver
"
meaning
"
skillful
"
or
"
agile
";
of
uncertain
origin
,
possibly
related
to
Old
English
"
clifian
" (
to
cling
)
suggesting
quick
grasp
.
adjective
-
clever
,
cleverer
,
cleverest
showing
imagination
or
skill
in
creating
something
new
,
original
,
or
effective
.
•
That
was
a
clever
solution
to
the
traffic
problem
.
That
was
a
clever
solution
to
the
traffic
problem
.
•
The
engineer
designed
a
clever
device
that
saves
electricity
.
The
engineer
designed
a
clever
device
that
saves
electricity
.
adjective
-
clever
,
cleverer
,
cleverest
quick
to
use
intelligence
to
trick
or
deceive
people
;
cunning
.
•
Don't
be
so
clever
—
we
can
see
through
your
plan
.
Don't
be
so
clever
—
we
can
see
through
your
plan
.
•
The
con
artist's
clever
lies
fooled
many
tourists
.
The
con
artist's
clever
lies
fooled
many
tourists
.
believer
noun
someone
who
has
religious
faith
,
especially
in
a
god
or
in
the
teachings
of
a
religion
•
Maria
is
a
devout
believer
who
attends
church
every
Sunday
.
Maria
is
a
devout
believer
who
attends
church
every
Sunday
.
•
Rows
of
believers
sang
hymns
together
during
the
evening
service
.
Rows
of
believers
sang
hymns
together
during
the
evening
service
.
From
Middle
English
bilēven
‘
to
believe
’
+
-er
,
denoting
‘
one
who
believes
’.
noun
a
person
who
thinks
that
a
particular
idea
,
plan
,
or
possibility
is
true
or
worthwhile
•
Lena
is
a
firm
believer
in
the
power
of
positive
thinking
.
Lena
is
a
firm
believer
in
the
power
of
positive
thinking
.
•
Many
believers
in
climate
change
gathered
outside
the
city
hall
to
demand
action
.
Many
believers
in
climate
change
gathered
outside
the
city
hall
to
demand
action
.
From
believe
+
-er
,
meaning
‘
one
who
believes
’.
fever
noun
A
condition
in
which
the
body
temperature
is
higher
than
normal
,
often
because
of
illness
.
•
Maya
stayed
home
from
school
because
she
had
a
high
fever
.
Maya
stayed
home
from
school
because
she
had
a
high
fever
.
•
The
doctor
said
my
fever
should
go
down
after
the
medicine
kicks
in
.
The
doctor
said
my
fever
should
go
down
after
the
medicine
kicks
in
.
From
Latin
‘
febris
’
meaning
‘
fever
’.
noun
A
state
of
strong
,
restless
excitement
or
enthusiasm
that
affects
a
person
or
group
.
•
The
city
was
in
a
fever
of
excitement
before
the
championship
game
.
The
city
was
in
a
fever
of
excitement
before
the
championship
game
.
•
She
worked
with
a
creative
fever
all
night
to
finish
the
painting
.
She
worked
with
a
creative
fever
all
night
to
finish
the
painting
.
noun
A
widespread
and
intense
craze
for
something
,
causing
many
people
to
act
eagerly
or
obsessively
.
•
Gold
fever
swept
through
the
country
in
the
19th
century
.
Gold
fever
swept
through
the
country
in
the
19th
century
.
•
The
nation
caught
World
Cup
fever
as
flags
flew
from
every
window
.
The
nation
caught
World
Cup
fever
as
flags
flew
from
every
window
.