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size
noun
how
big
or
small
something
is
;
its
overall
measurement
or
magnitude
•
The
skyscraper
impressed
everyone
with
its
enormous
size
.
The
skyscraper
impressed
everyone
with
its
enormous
size
.
•
Because
of
the
suitcase's
small
size
,
it
fit
easily
in
the
overhead
compartment
of
the
plane
.
Because
of
the
suitcase's
small
size
,
it
fit
easily
in
the
overhead
compartment
of
the
plane
.
From
Old
French
‘
sis
’,
from
Latin
‘
situs
’
meaning
‘
position
’
or
‘
arrangement
’,
later
influenced
by
‘
assize
’
in
the
sense
of
measurement
.
noun
a
numbered
or
lettered
label
showing
the
set
of
measurements
made
to
fit
clothing
,
shoes
,
or
other
items
•
Do
you
know
what
size
shirt
you
wear
?
Do
you
know
what
size
shirt
you
wear
?
•
I
tried
on
the
shoes
in
a
larger
size
,
but
they
were
still
too
tight
.
I
tried
on
the
shoes
in
a
larger
size
,
but
they
were
still
too
tight
.
Extended
from
the
general
sense
of
measurement
to
the
specific
numbering
system
for
garments
in
the
late
19th
century
as
ready-made
clothing
became
common
.
verb
-
size
,
sizing
,
sizes
,
sized
to
measure
,
classify
,
or
adjust
something
according
to
its
dimensions
•
The
carpenter
carefully
sized
each
plank
before
cutting
it
.
The
carpenter
carefully
sized
each
plank
before
cutting
it
.
•
Engineers
must
size
the
pipes
correctly
so
the
system
works
safely
.
Engineers
must
size
the
pipes
correctly
so
the
system
works
safely
.
From
the
noun
‘
size
’,
with
the
verb
sense
‘
to
arrange
according
to
size
’
recorded
from
the
early
15th
century
.
reality
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
the
true
state
of
things
as
they
actually
exist
,
not
as
they
are
imagined
or
wished
for
•
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
After
waking
from
a
vivid
dream
,
Mia
felt
a
jolt
as
she
returned
to
reality
.
•
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
The
climbing
team
had
trained
for
months
,
but
the
freezing
wind
on
the
mountain
made
the
reality
of
the
ascent
clear
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
‘
realite
’,
from
medieval
Latin
‘
realitas
’,
from
Latin
‘
realis
’
meaning
‘
relating
to
things
’.
noun
-
reality
,
realities
,
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
a
real
fact
,
situation
,
or
experience
,
especially
one
of
several
kinds
or
examples
•
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
The
book
explores
the
different
realities
faced
by
refugees
around
the
world
.
•
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
Climate
scientists
warn
us
about
the
stark
realities
of
global
warming
.
See
Sense
1
etymology
;
the
countable
use
evolved
in
the
17th
century
to
refer
to
specific
factual
situations
.
realize
verb
-
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
to
suddenly
understand
or
become
aware
of
something
•
Looking
at
the
empty
fridge
,
Carlos
realized
he
had
forgotten
to
shop
for
groceries
.
Looking
at
the
empty
fridge
,
Carlos
realized
he
had
forgotten
to
shop
for
groceries
.
•
Emma
realized
the
shortcut
was
a
mistake
when
the
path
ended
at
a
tall
fence
.
Emma
realized
the
shortcut
was
a
mistake
when
the
path
ended
at
a
tall
fence
.
Borrowed
from
French
réaliser
“
make
real
,
understand
”,
from
Latin
realis
“
actual
”
+
-ize
.
verb
-
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
to
achieve
or
make
a
plan
,
dream
,
or
idea
happen
in
reality
•
After
years
of
hard
work
,
the
inventor
finally
realized
her
vision
of
a
solar-powered
car
.
After
years
of
hard
work
,
the
inventor
finally
realized
her
vision
of
a
solar-powered
car
.
•
The
charity
hopes
to
realize
its
goal
of
building
a
new
community
center
by
next
summer
.
The
charity
hopes
to
realize
its
goal
of
building
a
new
community
center
by
next
summer
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
French
réaliser
“
make
real
”.
verb
-
realize
,
realizing
,
realizes
,
realized
to
obtain
money
from
something
,
especially
by
selling
it
,
or
to
make
a
profit
•
The
company
realized
$2
million
from
the
sale
of
its
old
factory
.
The
company
realized
$2
million
from
the
sale
of
its
old
factory
.
•
Investors
realized
a
substantial
profit
when
the
startup
was
bought
by
a
larger
firm
.
Investors
realized
a
substantial
profit
when
the
startup
was
bought
by
a
larger
firm
.
Financial
use
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
“
making
something
real
or
actual
”
in
monetary
terms
.
recognize
verb
-
recognize
,
recognizing
,
recognizes
,
recognized
to
know
who
or
what
someone
or
something
is
because
you
have
seen
,
heard
,
or
experienced
them
before
•
I
recognized
my
old
teacher
across
the
crowded
airport
terminal
.
I
recognized
my
old
teacher
across
the
crowded
airport
terminal
.
•
Do
you
recognize
the
song
that's
playing
on
the
radio
?
Do
you
recognize
the
song
that's
playing
on
the
radio
?
From
Middle
French
reconoistre
,
from
Latin
recognoscere
meaning
“
to
know
again
”.
verb
-
recognize
,
recognizing
,
recognizes
,
recognized
to
accept
that
something
is
true
,
legal
,
or
exists
•
Many
countries
now
recognize
the
new
government
.
Many
countries
now
recognize
the
new
government
.
•
The
school
will
not
recognize
that
online
certificate
.
The
school
will
not
recognize
that
online
certificate
.
Same
root
as
the
identifying
sense
,
later
broadened
to
legal
and
abstract
acknowledgment
.
verb
-
recognize
,
recognizing
,
recognizes
,
recognized
to
formally
praise
or
reward
someone
for
their
work
or
success
•
The
ceremony
will
recognize
outstanding
community
volunteers
.
The
ceremony
will
recognize
outstanding
community
volunteers
.
•
The
award
recognized
her
years
of
research
.
The
award
recognized
her
years
of
research
.
Sense
developed
in
the
19th
century
from
acknowledging
merit
to
publicly
honoring
it
.
organization
noun
a
group
of
people
who
work
together
in
a
structured
way
for
a
shared
purpose
such
as
a
business
,
charity
,
club
,
or
government
body
.
•
The
organization
collected
coats
for
families
in
need
during
winter
.
The
organization
collected
coats
for
families
in
need
during
winter
.
•
He
started
a
new
organization
to
teach
coding
to
teenagers
.
He
started
a
new
organization
to
teach
coding
to
teenagers
.
From
French
organisation
,
from
Medieval
Latin
organizatio
,
from
organizare
“
to
arrange
,
set
in
order
,”
ultimately
from
Ancient
Greek
organon
“
tool
,
instrument
.”
noun
-
organization
the
act
or
process
of
arranging
things
or
people
in
an
orderly
and
effective
way
.
•
Good
organization
helped
the
team
finish
the
project
early
.
Good
organization
helped
the
team
finish
the
project
early
.
•
Her
desk
shows
a
lack
of
organization
,
with
papers
everywhere
.
Her
desk
shows
a
lack
of
organization
,
with
papers
everywhere
.
noun
-
organization
the
way
the
parts
of
something
are
arranged
;
the
structure
and
order
that
something
has
.
•
The
organization
of
the
book
makes
it
easy
to
follow
.
The
organization
of
the
book
makes
it
easy
to
follow
.
•
Scientists
study
the
cellular
organization
of
plants
under
a
microscope
.
Scientists
study
the
cellular
organization
of
plants
under
a
microscope
.
citizen
noun
a
person
who
legally
belongs
to
a
country
and
enjoys
the
rights
and
carries
the
duties
that
the
country
gives
its
people
•
After
a
long
process
,
Maria
finally
became
a
proud
citizen
of
Canada
.
After
a
long
process
,
Maria
finally
became
a
proud
citizen
of
Canada
.
•
Every
citizen
has
the
right
to
vote
once
they
turn
eighteen
.
Every
citizen
has
the
right
to
vote
once
they
turn
eighteen
.
Middle
English
‘
citezein
’,
from
Old
French
‘
cit
(
e
)
ien
’,
based
on
Latin
‘
civitas
’
meaning
‘
city
,
state
’.
The
sense
broadened
from
‘
town
dweller
’
to
‘
member
of
a
nation
’.
noun
a
person
who
lives
in
and
belongs
to
a
particular
town
or
city
•
The
mayor
invited
every
citizen
to
the
town-hall
meeting
.
The
mayor
invited
every
citizen
to
the
town-hall
meeting
.
•
Local
citizens
volunteered
to
clean
the
riverbank
over
the
weekend
.
Local
citizens
volunteered
to
clean
the
riverbank
over
the
weekend
.
noun
a
person
who
is
not
a
member
of
the
military
,
police
,
or
other
armed
forces
;
a
civilian
•
During
the
ceremony
,
the
soldiers
stood
at
attention
while
the
citizens
applauded
.
During
the
ceremony
,
the
soldiers
stood
at
attention
while
the
citizens
applauded
.
•
In
times
of
war
,
protecting
innocent
citizens
is
a
top
priority
.
In
times
of
war
,
protecting
innocent
citizens
is
a
top
priority
.
crazy
adjective
-
crazy
,
crazier
,
craziest
behaving
in
a
way
that
shows
a
loss
of
normal
judgment
or
control
,
as
if
mentally
ill
•
Everyone
thought
he
was
crazy
for
climbing
the
icy
mountain
alone
.
Everyone
thought
he
was
crazy
for
climbing
the
icy
mountain
alone
.
•
The
idea
sounded
crazy
,
but
the
scientist
decided
to
try
it
anyway
.
The
idea
sounded
crazy
,
but
the
scientist
decided
to
try
it
anyway
.
adjective
-
crazy
,
crazier
,
craziest
extremely
enthusiastic
or
very
fond
of
someone
or
something
•
My
sister
is
crazy
about
old
jazz
records
.
My
sister
is
crazy
about
old
jazz
records
.
•
The
crowds
went
crazy
over
the
band
’
s
surprise
encore
.
The
crowds
went
crazy
over
the
band
’
s
surprise
encore
.
adjective
-
crazy
,
crazier
,
craziest
wild
,
very
unusual
,
or
out
of
control
•
We
had
a
crazy
weekend
in
New
York
that
I
’
ll
never
forget
.
We
had
a
crazy
weekend
in
New
York
that
I
’
ll
never
forget
.
•
The
stock
market
had
a
crazy
day
,
jumping
up
and
down
without
warning
.
The
stock
market
had
a
crazy
day
,
jumping
up
and
down
without
warning
.
adverb
to
a
very
great
degree
;
extremely
•
This
sauce
is
crazy
hot
!
This
sauce
is
crazy
hot
!
•
Tickets
sold
out
crazy
fast
.
Tickets
sold
out
crazy
fast
.
noun
-
crazy
,
crazies
a
person
who
seems
mentally
ill
or
behaves
in
a
very
strange
way
•
Some
people
called
the
neighborhood
inventor
a
crazy
,
but
kids
loved
him
.
Some
people
called
the
neighborhood
inventor
a
crazy
,
but
kids
loved
him
.
•
The
bar
was
full
of
loud
crazies
after
the
match
.
The
bar
was
full
of
loud
crazies
after
the
match
.
amazing
adjective
very
surprising
and
impressive
in
a
way
that
fills
you
with
wonder
or
admiration
•
The
view
from
the
mountain
top
was
amazing
.
The
view
from
the
mountain
top
was
amazing
.
•
Liam
baked
an
amazing
chocolate
cake
for
his
sister's
birthday
.
Liam
baked
an
amazing
chocolate
cake
for
his
sister's
birthday
.
From
amaze
+
-ing
,
first
used
in
the
late
16th
century
to
describe
something
that
causes
great
wonder
.
verb
-
amaze
,
amazing
,
amazes
,
amazed
present
participle
of
amaze
:
causing
someone
to
feel
great
surprise
or
wonder
•
The
street
magician
’
s
tricks
were
amazing
the
crowd
gathered
around
him
.
The
street
magician
’
s
tricks
were
amazing
the
crowd
gathered
around
him
.
•
New
inventions
are
constantly
amazing
scientists
around
the
world
.
New
inventions
are
constantly
amazing
scientists
around
the
world
.
Amaze
comes
from
Middle
English
amasen
,
from
Old
English
āmasian
“
to
bewilder
”.
The
–ing
form
developed
naturally
as
the
present
participle
.
magazine
noun
A
thin
paper
book
that
is
published
regularly
and
contains
articles
,
photographs
,
and
advertisements
for
general
reading
or
on
a
particular
subject
.
•
I
buy
a
fashion
magazine
every
month
to
see
the
latest
trends
.
I
buy
a
fashion
magazine
every
month
to
see
the
latest
trends
.
•
The
travel
magazine
had
stunning
photos
of
the
Greek
islands
.
The
travel
magazine
had
stunning
photos
of
the
Greek
islands
.
From
Middle
French
"
magasin
"
meaning
storehouse
,
later
applied
to
a
storehouse
of
printed
information
.
noun
A
television
or
radio
program
made
up
of
a
mix
of
short
news
reports
,
interviews
,
and
feature
items
on
various
topics
.
•
The
evening
magazine
covered
stories
about
local
heroes
and
new
restaurants
.
The
evening
magazine
covered
stories
about
local
heroes
and
new
restaurants
.
•
She
appears
weekly
on
a
morning
magazine
to
discuss
health
tips
.
She
appears
weekly
on
a
morning
magazine
to
discuss
health
tips
.
noun
A
detachable
container
in
a
firearm
that
holds
cartridges
and
feeds
them
into
the
chamber
.
•
The
soldier
reloaded
by
sliding
a
fresh
magazine
into
his
rifle
.
The
soldier
reloaded
by
sliding
a
fresh
magazine
into
his
rifle
.
•
Make
sure
the
magazine
is
empty
before
cleaning
the
gun
.
Make
sure
the
magazine
is
empty
before
cleaning
the
gun
.
noun
A
building
or
secure
room
where
ammunition
,
gunpowder
,
or
explosives
are
stored
.
•
The
fort
stored
its
gunpowder
in
a
stone
magazine
to
keep
it
dry
.
The
fort
stored
its
gunpowder
in
a
stone
magazine
to
keep
it
dry
.
•
An
explosion
in
the
ammunition
magazine
damaged
the
old
warship
.
An
explosion
in
the
ammunition
magazine
damaged
the
old
warship
.
zone
noun
an
area
that
is
separated
from
others
because
it
has
a
particular
purpose
or
characteristic
•
This
part
of
the
city
is
a
quiet
residential
zone
.
This
part
of
the
city
is
a
quiet
residential
zone
.
•
Slow
down
,
you're
entering
a
school zone
.
Slow
down
,
you're
entering
a
school zone
.
Borrowed
in
the
Middle
Ages
from
Latin
zona
“
belt
,
girdle
,”
itself
from
Ancient
Greek
zōnē
with
the
same
meaning
,
later
extended
to
describe
any
belt-like
region
of
land
or
sky
.
verb
-
zone
,
zoning
,
zones
,
zoned
to
officially
divide
an
area
of
land
into
sections
that
can
be
used
only
for
particular
purposes
•
The
city
council
voted
to
zone
the
land
for
industrial
use
.
The
city
council
voted
to
zone
the
land
for
industrial
use
.
•
If
they
don't
zone
this
area
correctly
,
the
neighborhood
could
become
chaotic
.
If
they
don't
zone
this
area
correctly
,
the
neighborhood
could
become
chaotic
.
Verbal
sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
noun
,
as
city
planners
began
to
"
zone
"
land
for
specific
uses
.
organize
verb
-
organize
,
organizing
,
organizes
,
organized
to
arrange
things
or
information
in
a
clear
and
systematic
order
.
•
After
moving
,
Lisa
had
to
organize
all
her
books
by
genre
on
the
new
shelf
.
After
moving
,
Lisa
had
to
organize
all
her
books
by
genre
on
the
new
shelf
.
•
The
scientist
organized
her
research
notes
into
labeled
folders
on
her
laptop
.
The
scientist
organized
her
research
notes
into
labeled
folders
on
her
laptop
.
From
Medieval
Latin
organizare
,
based
on
Latin
organum
“
instrument
,
tool
.”
verb
-
organize
,
organizing
,
organizes
,
organized
to
plan
and
coordinate
an
event
or
activity
so
that
all
parts
work
smoothly
.
•
The
committee
will
organize
a
charity
concert
next
month
.
The
committee
will
organize
a
charity
concert
next
month
.
•
He
spent
weeks
organizing
his
sister
’
s
surprise
birthday
party
.
He
spent
weeks
organizing
his
sister
’
s
surprise
birthday
party
.
verb
-
organize
,
organizing
,
organizes
,
organized
to
form
or
join
together
into
a
labor
union
or
similar
group
for
collective
action
.
•
Workers
at
the
factory
decided
to
organize
so
they
could
negotiate
better
pay
.
Workers
at
the
factory
decided
to
organize
so
they
could
negotiate
better
pay
.
•
She
helped
farm
laborers
organize
for
safer
working
conditions
.
She
helped
farm
laborers
organize
for
safer
working
conditions
.
0
noun
-
0
,
zeros
the
written
or
printed
symbol
“
0
”
that
stands
for
the
number
zero
•
Please
make
sure
every
0
in
your
homework
is
neat
and
round
.
Please
make
sure
every
0
in
your
homework
is
neat
and
round
.
•
The
phone
number
begins
with
two
0s
.
The
phone
number
begins
with
two
0s
.
The
round
shape
of
the
symbol
may
come
from
ancient
Indian
Brahmi
numerals
,
later
passed
through
Arabic
mathematics
into
European
use
.
analyze
verb
-
analyze
,
analyzing
,
analyzes
,
analyzed
to
examine
something
carefully
and
in
detail
in
order
to
understand
it
or
explain
it
•
The
scientist
will
analyze
the
water
samples
for
traces
of
pollution
.
The
scientist
will
analyze
the
water
samples
for
traces
of
pollution
.
•
Before
writing
her
report
,
Maya
carefully
analyzed
the
survey
results
.
Before
writing
her
report
,
Maya
carefully
analyzed
the
survey
results
.
Back-formation
from
analysis
(
Middle
English
),
ultimately
from
Greek
"
analusis
"
meaning
“
a
breaking
up
.”
dozen
noun
a
group
or
set
of
twelve
things
or
people
•
She
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
her
mother
.
She
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
her
mother
.
•
We
need
two
dozen
eggs
for
the
cake
sale
.
We
need
two
dozen
eggs
for
the
cake
sale
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
“
dozaine
” (
a
group
of
twelve
),
from
“
douze
”
meaning
twelve
,
ultimately
from
Latin
“
duodecim
”.
noun
a
group
of
twelve
things
or
people
considered
as
a
single
unit
•
He
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
his
mother
.
He
bought
a
dozen
roses
for
his
mother
.
•
The
baker
set
a
fresh
dozen
muffins
on
the
wooden
display
tray
.
The
baker
set
a
fresh
dozen
muffins
on
the
wooden
display
tray
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
"
dozaine
",
from
"
douze
"
meaning
"
twelve
".
determiner
used
before
a
noun
to
mean
exactly
twelve
•
She
ordered
a
dozen
doughnuts
for
the
office
breakfast
.
She
ordered
a
dozen
doughnuts
for
the
office
breakfast
.
•
I
packed
a
dozen
cookies
into
the
picnic
basket
.
I
packed
a
dozen
cookies
into
the
picnic
basket
.
noun
(
usually
in
the
plural
“
dozens
of
”)
a
large
but
not
exact
number
of
things
or
people
•
Dozens
of
tourists
crowded
the
narrow
street
.
Dozens
of
tourists
crowded
the
narrow
street
.
•
She
has
answered
the
same
question
dozens
of
times
.
She
has
answered
the
same
question
dozens
of
times
.
Same
historical
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
the
plural
form
began
to
be
used
figuratively
for
any
large
number
.
noun
a
large
number
of
people
or
things
,
much
more
than
twelve
,
especially
used
in
the
phrase
“
dozens
of
”
•
Dozens
of
candles
lit
up
the
old
church
during
the
ceremony
.
Dozens of
candles
lit
up
the
old
church
during
the
ceremony
.
•
Reporters
asked
him
dozens
of
questions
after
the
match
.
Reporters
asked
him
dozens of
questions
after
the
match
.
emphasize
verb
-
emphasize
,
emphasizing
,
emphasizes
,
emphasized
to
say
or
show
that
something
is
especially
important
so
people
notice
it
•
The
teacher
emphasized
the
need
to
finish
the
project
on
time
.
The
teacher
emphasized
the
need
to
finish
the
project
on
time
.
•
During
the
meeting
,
the
manager
emphasized
that
safety
comes
first
.
During
the
meeting
,
the
manager
emphasized
that
safety
comes
first
.
From
Greek
"
emphasis
"
meaning
“
appearance
,
showing
”
via
Latin
“
emphasis
”
+
English
verb
suffix
“
-ize
”.
verb
-
emphasize
,
emphasizing
,
emphasizes
,
emphasized
to
make
something
stand
out
or
look
more
noticeable
•
She
wore
a
bright
scarf
to
emphasize
her
outfit
.
She
wore
a
bright
scarf
to
emphasize
her
outfit
.
•
Soft
lighting
can
emphasize
the
texture
of
a
painting
.
Soft
lighting
can
emphasize
the
texture
of
a
painting
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
,
ultimately
from
Greek
"
emphainō
"
meaning
“
to
show
”.
fiction
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
books
and
stories
about
events
and
characters
that
are
invented
,
not
real
•
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
Ella
loves
reading
historical
fiction
set
in
ancient
Rome
.
•
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
The
library's
fiction
section
was
twice
as
large
as
the
nonfiction
shelves
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
‘
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
’,
from
fingere
‘
form
,
contrive
’.
noun
-
fictionalize
,
fictionalizing
,
fictionalizes
,
fictionalized
something
that
is
invented
or
imagined
and
is
not
true
•
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
The
rumor
that
the
school
would
close
was
pure
fiction
.
•
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
He
maintained
the
fiction
that
he
was
rich
,
but
everyone
knew
the
truth
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
fictio
‘
the
act
of
fashioning
,
a
feigning
’,
from
fingere
‘
form
,
contrive
’.
prize
noun
something
given
to
the
winner
of
a
contest
or
to
someone
who
has
done
very
well
•
Lena
jumped
up
and
cheered
when
her
science
project
won
first
prize
.
Lena
jumped
up
and
cheered
when
her
science
project
won
first
prize
.
•
The
marathon
offered
a
cash
prize
to
the
top
runners
.
The
marathon
offered
a
cash
prize
to
the
top
runners
.
From
Middle
French
prise
“
a
taking
,
capture
”
later
“
reward
taken
,”
from
past
participle
of
prendre
“
to
take
.”
noun
something
or
someone
that
is
very
valuable
,
important
,
or
desired
•
Grandpa's
old
watch
is
a
family
prize
that
everyone
wants
to
keep
safe
.
Grandpa's
old
watch
is
a
family
prize
that
everyone
wants
to
keep
safe
.
•
The
rare
blue
diamond
was
the
museum's
greatest
prize
.
The
rare
blue
diamond
was
the
museum's
greatest
prize
.
Developed
figuratively
from
the
sense
of
an
award
to
mean
any
object
thought
of
as
a
great
reward
or
treasure
.
verb
-
prize
,
prizing
,
prizes
,
prized
to
value
something
very
highly
•
Ella
prizes
her
friendship
with
Maya
above
everything
.
Ella
prizes
her
friendship
with
Maya
above
everything
.
•
The
chef
prizes
fresh
ingredients
for
their
flavor
.
The
chef
prizes
fresh
ingredients
for
their
flavor
.
From
the
noun
sense
of
something
of
value
,
extended
to
the
action
of
valuing
.
verb
-
prize
,
prizing
,
prizes
,
prized
to
force
something
open
or
apart
with
a
tool
or
with
effort
•
He
carefully
prized
the
lid
off
the
old
paint
can
with
a
screwdriver
.
He
carefully
prized
the
lid
off
the
old
paint
can
with
a
screwdriver
.
•
The
child
prized
the
stuck
drawer
open
to
find
his
toys
.
The
child
prized
the
stuck
drawer
open
to
find
his
toys
.
Variant
of
“
prise
”
meaning
to
take
or
seize
,
later
specialized
to
forcing
something
open
.
apologize
verb
-
apologize
,
apologizing
,
apologizes
,
apologized
to
say
that
you
are
sorry
for
something
wrong
you
have
done
or
for
upsetting
someone
•
I
apologized
immediately
after
accidentally
stepping
on
her
foot
.
I
apologized
immediately
after
accidentally
stepping
on
her
foot
.
•
Please
apologize
to
your
teacher
for
being
late
.
Please
apologize
to
your
teacher
for
being
late
.
From
Greek
‘
apologeisthai
’
meaning
“
to
give
an
account
or
defense
”;
sense
shifted
in
English
during
the
16th–17th
centuries
to
expressing
regret
.
verb
-
apologize
,
apologizing
,
apologizes
,
apologized
to
give
a
formal
defence
or
justification
of
an
action
,
idea
,
or
person
•
The
historian
apologized
the
emperor
’
s
harsh
policies
in
his
latest
book
.
The
historian
apologized
the
emperor
’
s
harsh
policies
in
his
latest
book
.
•
In
parliament
,
he
rose
to
apologize
the
controversial
tax
measures
.
In
parliament
,
he
rose
to
apologize
the
controversial
tax
measures
.
Early
Modern
English
sense
meaning
“
to
make
a
spoken
or
written
defence
,”
from
Greek
‘
apologia
’ (
a
speech
in
defence
).
This
sense
is
now
rare
.
criticize
verb
-
criticize
,
criticizing
,
criticizes
,
criticized
to
point
out
what
you
think
is
wrong
or
bad
about
someone
or
something
•
After
the
game
,
the
coach
criticized
the
players
for
not
working
together
.
After
the
game
,
the
coach
criticized
the
players
for
not
working
together
.
•
Many
people
online
criticize
the
new
phone
for
its
short
battery
life
.
Many
people
online
criticize
the
new
phone
for
its
short
battery
life
.
From
Greek
kritikos
“
able
to
judge
”
via
Latin
criticus
and
French
critiquer
,
plus
the
verb-forming
suffix
-ize
.
verb
-
criticize
,
criticizing
,
criticizes
,
criticized
to
examine
something
carefully
and
give
a
detailed
judgement
of
both
its
good
and
bad
points
,
as
in
a
review
or
academic
discussion
•
In
her
essay
,
the
student
criticizes
Shakespeare
’
s
use
of
imagery
.
In
her
essay
,
the
student
criticizes
Shakespeare
’
s
use
of
imagery
.
•
The
art
magazine
criticized
the
exhibition
for
its
lack
of
originality
but
praised
the
lighting
.
The
art
magazine
criticized
the
exhibition
for
its
lack
of
originality
but
praised
the
lighting
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
,
with
the
academic
meaning
developing
in
the
18th
century
alongside
literary
criticism
.
freeze
verb
-
freeze
,
freezing
,
freezes
,
froze
,
frozen
to
become
solid
because
of
very
cold
temperatures
•
If
the
temperature
drops
below
zero
,
water
will
freeze
.
If
the
temperature
drops
below
zero
,
water
will
freeze
.
•
The
puddle
on
the
road
froze
overnight
and
became
slippery
.
The
puddle
on
the
road
froze
overnight
and
became
slippery
.
Old
English
“
frēosan
” (
to
freeze
)
from
Proto-Germanic
*freusaną
,
related
to
frost
.
verb
-
freeze
,
freezing
,
freezes
,
froze
,
frozen
to
make
something
very
cold
until
it
becomes
solid
,
or
keep
it
at
a
very
low
temperature
to
preserve
it
•
I
always
freeze
berries
so
I
can
use
them
in
smoothies
later
.
I
always
freeze
berries
so
I
can
use
them
in
smoothies
later
.
•
The
chef
decided
to
freeze
the
fish
to
keep
it
fresh
.
The
chef
decided
to
freeze
the
fish
to
keep
it
fresh
.
verb
-
freeze
,
freezing
,
freezes
,
froze
,
frozen
to
suddenly
stop
moving
and
stay
completely
still
,
usually
because
of
fear
or
surprise
•
When
the
guard
yelled
,
the
thief
froze
in
place
.
When
the
guard
yelled
,
the
thief
froze
in
place
.
•
The
children
froze
like
statues
during
the
game
of
'Red
Light
,
Green
Light'
.
The
children
froze
like
statues
during
the
game
of
'Red
Light
,
Green
Light'
.
noun
a
period
of
very
cold
weather
when
the
temperature
falls
below
0
°C
•
Farmers
worry
that
an
early
freeze
could
damage
the
crops
.
Farmers
worry
that
an
early
freeze
could
damage
the
crops
.
•
Tonight
’
s
forecast
warns
of
a
hard
freeze
.
Tonight
’
s
forecast
warns
of
a
hard
freeze
.
verb
-
freeze
,
freezing
,
freezes
,
froze
,
frozen
of
a
computer
or
app
,
to
stop
responding
and
become
unusable
•
My
laptop
froze
while
I
was
saving
the
document
.
My
laptop
froze
while
I
was
saving
the
document
.
•
The
game
keeps
freezing
right
before
the
final
level
.
The
game
keeps
freezing
right
before
the
final
level
.
noun
an
official
stopping
of
increases
or
changes
,
especially
in
prices
,
wages
,
or
spending
•
The
government
announced
a
three-month
freeze
on
electricity
prices
.
The
government
announced
a
three-month
freeze
on
electricity
prices
.
•
Workers
are
upset
about
the
wage
freeze
.
Workers
are
upset
about
the
wage
freeze
.
scandal
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
a
shocking
action
or
event
that
breaks
laws
or
moral
rules
and
angers
many
people
when
it
becomes
known
•
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
The
minister
resigned
after
the
corruption
scandal
was
revealed
.
•
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
The
company's
share
price
plummeted
because
of
a
safety
scandal
involving
its
latest
product
.
from
Latin
scandalum
“
cause
for
offense
”,
through
Old
French
escandle
,
Middle
English
skandal
;
originally
meaning
a
trap
or
stumbling
block
to
faith
noun
-
scandalize
,
scandalizing
,
scandalizes
,
scandalized
talk
or
gossip
about
shocking
wrongdoing
,
especially
rumors
that
spread
quickly
•
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
She
loves
reading
magazines
full
of
celebrity
scandal
.
•
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
’
s
unexpected
divorce
.
The
small
town
buzzed
with
scandal
after
the
mayor
’
s
unexpected
divorce
.
same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
over
time
also
came
to
mean
the
talk
about
disgraceful
acts
characterize
verb
-
characterize
,
characterizing
,
characterizes
,
characterized
to
describe
the
main
qualities
or
features
of
a
person
,
place
,
or
thing
so
that
others
can
understand
what
it
is
like
•
The
historian
tried
to
characterize
the
period
as
one
of
rapid
social
change
.
The
historian
tried
to
characterize
the
period
as
one
of
rapid
social
change
.
•
Many
critics
have
characterized
the
movie
as
a
modern
fairy
tale
.
Many
critics
have
characterized
the
movie
as
a
modern
fairy
tale
.
Mid-17th
century
:
from
French
caractériser
,
from
caractère
“
character
”.
verb
-
characterize
,
characterizing
,
characterizes
,
characterized
to
be
a
typical
or
noticeable
quality
of
someone
or
something
•
A
love
of
adventure
characterizes
her
novels
.
A
love
of
adventure
characterizes
her
novels
.
•
The
coastal
climate
is
characterized
by
heavy
rainfall
and
lush
forests
.
The
coastal
climate
is
characterized
by
heavy
rainfall
and
lush
forests
.
Mid-17th
century
:
from
French
caractériser
,
from
caractère
“
character
”.
robot
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
machine
that
is
controlled
by
a
computer
and
can
do
work
automatically
,
sometimes
looking
or
moving
like
a
human
.
•
In
the
automobile
plant
,
a
robot
swiftly
paints
each
car
body
the
same
perfect
shade
of
red
.
In
the
automobile
plant
,
a
robot
swiftly
paints
each
car
body
the
same
perfect
shade
of
red
.
•
At
home
,
a
small
vacuum
robot
glided
under
the
sofa
and
picked
up
crumbs
.
At
home
,
a
small
vacuum
robot
glided
under
the
sofa
and
picked
up
crumbs
.
From
Czech
“
robot
”,
meaning
'forced
labour'
,
coined
by
writer
Karel
Čapek
in
his
1920
play
“
R
.
U
.
R
.”.
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
computer
program
that
automatically
performs
repetitive
tasks
on
the
internet
,
such
as
indexing
pages
or
answering
simple
questions
.
•
A
search
engine
robot
crawls
millions
of
web
pages
every
day
.
A
search
engine
robot
crawls
millions
of
web
pages
every
day
.
•
The
chat
robot
on
the
company
website
answers
basic
shipping
questions
instantly
.
The
chat
robot
on
the
company
website
answers
basic
shipping
questions
instantly
.
Based
on
the
earlier
sense
of
a
mechanical
robot
;
later
applied
metaphorically
to
software
that
does
automated
work
.
noun
-
robotize
,
robotizing
,
robotizes
,
robotized
A
person
who
acts
or
speaks
in
a
very
mechanical
,
emotionless
way
,
as
if
they
were
a
machine
.
•
During
the
presentation
,
he
repeated
the
script
like
a
robot
,
without
any
feeling
.
During
the
presentation
,
he
repeated
the
script
like
a
robot
,
without
any
feeling
.
•
After
weeks
of
overtime
,
she
felt
like
a
tired
robot
just
going
through
the
motions
.
After
weeks
of
overtime
,
she
felt
like
a
tired
robot
just
going
through
the
motions
.
Extended
figurative
use
from
the
mechanical
sense
of
‘
robot
’.
jazz
noun
-
jazz
a
style
of
music
that
began
in
the
United
States
that
uses
swing
rhythms
,
improvisation
,
and
instruments
such
as
the
saxophone
,
trumpet
,
and
piano
•
The
band
started
playing
smooth
jazz
in
the
cozy
café
.
The
band
started
playing
smooth
jazz
in
the
cozy
café
.
•
Miles
carefully
practiced
his
jazz
solo
every
afternoon
.
Miles
carefully
practiced
his
jazz
solo
every
afternoon
.
Early
20th-century
American
slang
,
first
used
by
musicians
in
New
Orleans
;
exact
origin
uncertain
,
possibly
from
African-American
Vernacular
English
.
noun
-
jazz
informal
extra
style
,
energy
,
or
fancy
details
that
make
something
more
exciting
•
The
marketing
team
added
bright
colors
,
catchy
slogans
,
and
all
that
jazz
to
the
campaign
.
The
marketing
team
added
bright
colors
,
catchy
slogans
,
and
all
that
jazz
to
the
campaign
.
•
The
chef
topped
the
cake
with
edible
glitter
,
fruit
,
and
other
jazz
.
The
chef
topped
the
cake
with
edible
glitter
,
fruit
,
and
other
jazz
.
verb
-
jazz
,
jazzing
,
jazzes
,
jazzed
informal
to
make
something
more
lively
,
colorful
,
or
exciting
•
They
jazzed
the
bland
logo
with
a
splash
of
neon
green
.
They
jazzed
the
bland
logo
with
a
splash
of
neon
green
.
•
A
bright
scarf
will
jazz up
your
outfit
.
A
bright
scarf
will
jazz up
your
outfit
.
squeeze
verb
-
squeeze
,
squeezing
,
squeezes
,
squeezed
to
press
something
firmly
with
your
hand
,
fingers
,
or
an
object
,
often
to
change
its
shape
or
force
liquid
or
air
out
•
She
squeezed
the
orange
to
make
fresh
juice
.
She
squeezed
the
orange
to
make
fresh
juice
.
•
The
little
boy
squeezed
his
water
pistol
and
sprayed
his
sister
.
The
little
boy
squeezed
his
water
pistol
and
sprayed
his
sister
.
From
Middle
English
‘
squesen
’,
probably
a
variant
of
‘
queisen
’
meaning
‘
to
press
’,
influenced
by
Scandinavian
languages
.
noun
a
firm
pressing
action
with
the
hand
or
fingers
•
Give
the
lemon
a
quick
squeeze
to
get
the
juice
out
.
Give
the
lemon
a
quick
squeeze
to
get
the
juice
out
.
•
She
felt
a
comforting
squeeze
on
her
shoulder
.
She
felt
a
comforting
squeeze
on
her
shoulder
.
verb
-
squeeze
,
squeezing
,
squeezes
,
squeezed
to
move
yourself
or
something
into
or
through
a
space
that
is
very
small
or
narrow
•
The
cat
squeezed
through
the
half-open
window
.
The
cat
squeezed
through
the
half-open
window
.
•
We
squeezed
into
the
last
two
seats
on
the
crowded
bus
.
We
squeezed
into
the
last
two
seats
on
the
crowded
bus
.
noun
a
quick
,
friendly
or
loving
hug
•
She
gave
her
grandma
a
big
squeeze
before
leaving
.
She
gave
her
grandma
a
big
squeeze
before
leaving
.
•
After
the
win
,
the
teammates
shared
a
joyful
squeeze
.
After
the
win
,
the
teammates
shared
a
joyful
squeeze
.
verb
-
squeeze
,
squeezing
,
squeezes
,
squeezed
to
manage
to
get
money
,
information
,
time
,
or
another
resource
from
someone
or
something
by
putting
pressure
on
them
•
The
landlord
tried
to
squeeze
more
rent
out
of
the
students
.
The
landlord
tried
to
squeeze
more
rent
out
of
the
students
.
•
She
finally
squeezed
the
truth
out
of
her
brother
.
She
finally
squeezed
the
truth
out
of
her
brother
.
noun
someone
you
are
romantically
involved
with
;
boyfriend
or
girlfriend
•
Is
that
your
new
squeeze
?
Is
that
your
new
squeeze
?
•
She
brought
her
squeeze
to
the
family
picnic
.
She
brought
her
squeeze
to
the
family
picnic
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
there
is
not
enough
money
,
time
,
space
,
or
another
resource
•
Small
businesses
are
feeling
the
cash-flow
squeeze
this
year
.
Small
businesses
are
feeling
the
cash-flow
squeeze
this
year
.
•
There
’
s
a
real
housing
squeeze
in
the
city
.
There
’
s
a
real
housing
squeeze
in
the
city
.
noun
in
finance
,
a
rapid
rise
in
a
stock
’
s
price
forced
by
short
sellers
buying
to
cover
their
positions
(
short
squeeze
)
•
Traders
were
caught
in
a
massive
short
squeeze
on
Monday
.
Traders
were
caught
in
a
massive
short
squeeze
on
Monday
.
•
The
squeeze
pushed
the
share
price
up
40
percent
in
one
day
.
The
squeeze
pushed
the
share
price
up
40
percent
in
one
day
.
zero
noun
the
number
0
,
showing
no
amount
•
When
you
subtract
five
from
five
,
the
answer
is
zero
.
When
you
subtract
five
from
five
,
the
answer
is
zero
.
•
The
temperature
fell
to
zero
degrees
overnight
.
The
temperature
fell
to
zero
degrees
overnight
.
Borrowed
from
French
zéro
,
from
Italian
zero
,
from
Medieval
Latin
zephirum
,
from
Arabic
ṣifr
meaning
“
empty
.”
noun
a
score
of
no
points
in
a
game
or
competition
•
The
final
score
was
three
to
zero
in
favor
of
the
home
team
.
The
final
score
was
three
to
zero
in
favor
of
the
home
team
.
•
Our
defense
was
so
strong
that
the
opponents
stayed
at
zero
all
game
.
Our
defense
was
so
strong
that
the
opponents
stayed
at
zero
all
game
.
adjective
having
none
;
not
any
•
There
is
zero
chance
of
rain
today
,
so
let's
have
a
picnic
.
There
is
zero
chance
of
rain
today
,
so
let's
have
a
picnic
.
•
After
the
sale
,
the
store
had
zero
stock
left
of
the
popular
toy
.
After
the
sale
,
the
store
had
zero
stock
left
of
the
popular
toy
.
verb
to
set
a
measuring
device
so
that
it
reads
0
•
The
technician
carefully
zeroed
the
scale
before
measuring
the
chemicals
.
The
technician
carefully
zeroed
the
scale
before
measuring
the
chemicals
.
•
Remember
to
zero
the
trip
odometer
before
you
start
driving
.
Remember
to
zero
the
trip
odometer
before
you
start
driving
.
pizza
noun
a
round
flat
food
made
of
baked
dough
covered
with
tomato
sauce
,
melted
cheese
,
and
often
other
toppings
such
as
meat
or
vegetables
•
We
ordered
a
large
pizza
for
dinner
.
We
ordered
a
large
pizza
for
dinner
.
•
My
favorite
pizza
has
mushrooms
and
olives
on
top
.
My
favorite
pizza
has
mushrooms
and
olives
on
top
.
Borrowed
into
English
in
the
early
1800s
from
Italian
“
pizza
,”
which
probably
comes
from
a
Latin
root
meaning
“
flatbread
.”
horizon
noun
the
distant
line
where
the
land
or
sea
appears
to
meet
the
sky
•
A
boy
stood
on
the
beach
at
sunset
,
staring
at
the
glowing
horizon
.
A
boy
stood
on
the
beach
at
sunset
,
staring
at
the
glowing
horizon
.
•
From
the
top
of
the
snowy
mountain
,
city
lights
twinkled
just
above
the
dark
horizon
.
From
the
top
of
the
snowy
mountain
,
city
lights
twinkled
just
above
the
dark
horizon
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Old
French
,
based
on
Greek
‘
horizōn
(
kyklos
)’
meaning
‘
limiting
(
circle
)’.
noun
the
limit
of
someone
’
s
knowledge
,
experience
,
or
possibilities
•
Traveling
abroad
really
broadened
Maria
’
s
horizons
.
Traveling
abroad
really
broadened
Maria
’
s
horizons
.
•
Reading
science
fiction
opened
a
new
horizon
of
ideas
for
the
students
.
Reading
science
fiction
opened
a
new
horizon
of
ideas
for
the
students
.
Derived
from
the
idea
of
the
physical
horizon
as
a
boundary
,
adopted
figuratively
in
the
17th
century
.
noun
a
natural
layer
of
soil
or
rock
that
is
roughly
the
same
all
the
way
through
and
lies
parallel
to
the
ground
’
s
surface
•
The
geologist
pointed
to
the
dark
horizon
rich
in
clay
in
the
cliff
wall
.
The
geologist
pointed
to
the
dark
horizon
rich
in
clay
in
the
cliff
wall
.
•
Farmers
test
each
soil
horizon
to
see
which
crops
will
grow
best
.
Farmers
test
each
soil
horizon
to
see
which
crops
will
grow
best
.
In
geology
,
borrowed
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
a
layer
that
forms
a
visible
line
,
similar
to
the
sky–earth
horizon
.
civilization
noun
the
stage
of
human
social
development
in
which
societies
form
cities
,
governments
,
writing
,
and
other
complex
institutions
•
Archaeologists
agree
that
the
invention
of
writing
marked
a
turning
point
in
human
civilization
.
Archaeologists
agree
that
the
invention
of
writing
marked
a
turning
point
in
human
civilization
.
•
Access
to
stable
food
supplies
allowed
civilization
to
flourish
along
the
Nile
River
.
Access
to
stable
food
supplies
allowed
civilization
to
flourish
along
the
Nile
River
.
From
Latin
civīlis
(“
civil
”)
+
–ation
,
originally
referring
to
the
process
of
making
a
society
civil
or
orderly
.
noun
a
particular
well-organized
human
society
that
existed
or
exists
at
a
specific
time
and
place
•
The
Mayan
civilization
built
towering
pyramids
in
the
jungle
.
The
Mayan
civilization
built
towering
pyramids
in
the
jungle
.
•
Roads
and
aqueducts
were
hallmarks
of
Roman
civilization
.
Roads
and
aqueducts
were
hallmarks
of
Roman
civilization
.
Sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
as
historians
began
comparing
distinct
societies
across
time
.
noun
the
comforts
and
conveniences
of
modern
life
,
especially
when
contrasted
with
remote
or
wild
places
•
After
hiking
for
five
days
,
they
were
eager
to
return
to
civilization
.
After
hiking
for
five
days
,
they
were
eager
to
return
to
civilization
.
•
The
cabin
had
no
electricity
,
leaving
us
completely
cut
off
from
civilization
.
The
cabin
had
no
electricity
,
leaving
us
completely
cut
off
from
civilization
.
By
the
late
19th
century
,
campers
and
explorers
began
using
the
word
humorously
to
mean
the
amenities
of
the
city
.
seize
verb
-
seize
,
seizing
,
seizes
,
seized
to
take
hold
of
someone
or
something
suddenly
and
firmly
•
The
little
girl
seized
her
mother
’
s
hand
as
they
crossed
the
busy
street
.
The
little
girl
seized
her
mother
’
s
hand
as
they
crossed
the
busy
street
.
•
A
quick-thinking
firefighter
seized
the
ladder
before
it
toppled
.
A
quick-thinking
firefighter
seized
the
ladder
before
it
toppled
.
From
Old
French
‘
seisir
’ (
to
take
possession
of
)
and
Medieval
Latin
‘
sacire
’,
meaning
to
take
or
put
in
possession
.
verb
-
seize
,
seizing
,
seizes
,
seized
to
take
something
such
as
property
,
goods
,
or
control
by
legal
authority
or
by
force
•
Customs
officers
seized
the
illegal
ivory
hidden
in
the
suitcase
.
Customs
officers
seized
the
illegal
ivory
hidden
in
the
suitcase
.
•
Rebel
forces
seized
control
of
the
radio
station
at
dawn
.
Rebel
forces
seized
control
of
the
radio
station
at
dawn
.
Extended
sense
of
physical
taking
applied
to
legal
and
military
contexts
from
the
15th
century
.
verb
-
seize
,
seizing
,
seizes
,
seized
(
of
a
machine
or
engine
)
to
stop
moving
because
its
parts
can
no
longer
move
smoothly
together
•
The
car
engine
seized
halfway
up
the
mountain
road
.
The
car
engine
seized
halfway
up
the
mountain
road
.
•
If
you
run
the
chainsaw
without
oil
,
the
motor
could
seize
.
If
you
run
the
chainsaw
without
oil
,
the
motor
could
seize
.
Mechanical
sense
developed
in
the
18th
century
,
likening
stuck
parts
to
being
grabbed
tightly
together
.
verb
-
seize
,
seizing
,
seizes
,
seized
(
of
melted
chocolate
or
sugar
)
to
become
thick
,
grainy
,
and
unworkable
suddenly
when
a
tiny
amount
of
moisture
is
introduced
•
The
chocolate
seized
as
soon
as
a
drop
of
water
fell
into
the
bowl
.
The
chocolate
seized
as
soon
as
a
drop
of
water
fell
into
the
bowl
.
•
Be
careful
,
or
the
sugar
syrup
will
seize
and
form
crystals
.
Be
careful
,
or
the
sugar
syrup
will
seize
and
form
crystals
.
Culinary
sense
recorded
since
mid-20th
century
,
based
on
the
idea
that
moisture
‘
grabs
’
the
sugar
particles
together
.