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continue
verb
-
continue
,
continuing
,
continues
,
continued
to
keep
happening
or
to
keep
doing
something
without
stopping
•
The
rain
continued
through
the
whole
night
,
drumming
on
the
roof
.
The
rain
continued
through
the
whole
night
,
drumming
on
the
roof
.
•
Even
after
the
bell
rang
,
the
students
continued
working
on
the
test
.
Even
after
the
bell
rang
,
the
students
continued
working
on
the
test
.
From
Latin
continuāre
“
to
join
together
,
make
continuous
”,
from
continuus
“
uninterrupted
”.
verb
-
continue
,
continuing
,
continues
,
continued
to
do
something
again
after
a
pause
,
or
to
make
something
keep
happening
or
developing
•
Please
continue
your
story
;
I'm
listening
.
Please
continue
your
story
;
I'm
listening
.
•
After
lunch
,
they
decided
to
continue
the
meeting
.
After
lunch
,
they
decided
to
continue
the
meeting
.
From
Latin
continuāre
“
to
join
together
,
make
continuous
”,
from
continuus
“
uninterrupted
”.
consider
verb
to
think
about
something
carefully
before
you
decide
what
to
do
•
Before
buying
the
car
,
Mia
took
a
day
to
consider
all
the
costs
.
Before
buying
the
car
,
Mia
took
a
day
to
consider
all
the
costs
.
•
The
school
board
will
consider
your
proposal
at
next
week's
meeting
.
The
school
board
will
consider
your
proposal
at
next
week's
meeting
.
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
considerer
,
from
Latin
considerare
“
to
look
at
closely
,
examine
”.
verb
to
think
of
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way
;
to
regard
•
Many
people
consider
broccoli
a
superfood
.
Many
people
consider
broccoli
a
superfood
.
•
The
town
considers
the
old
bridge
a
historic
treasure
.
The
town
considers
the
old
bridge
a
historic
treasure
.
verb
to
think
about
other
people's
feelings
and
try
not
to
cause
them
trouble
•
Please
consider
your
neighbors
and
keep
the
music
down
after
10
p
.
m
.
Please
consider
your
neighbors
and
keep
the
music
down
after
10
p
.
m
.
•
She
always
considers
others
before
making
plans
.
She
always
considers
others
before
making
plans
.
control
noun
a
button
,
switch
,
or
other
device
used
to
operate
a
machine
or
piece
of
equipment
•
Press
the
volume
control
to
make
the
music
louder
.
Press
the
volume
control
to
make
the
music
louder
.
•
The
remote
control
is
on
the
coffee
table
.
The
remote
control
is
on
the
coffee
table
.
noun
the
power
or
ability
to
make
people
,
things
,
or
events
do
what
you
want
or
to
keep
them
from
doing
what
you
do
not
want
•
Maria
kept
control
of
the
meeting
by
guiding
the
discussion
back
to
the
topic
.
Maria
kept
control
of
the
meeting
by
guiding
the
discussion
back
to
the
topic
.
•
The
dog
barked
wildly
,
but
its
owner
quickly
regained
control
.
The
dog
barked
wildly
,
but
its
owner
quickly
regained
control
.
From
Middle
English
contrôle
,
from
Anglo-French
contreroule
“
copy
of
a
roll
,
counter-check
”,
from
Latin
contra
“
against
”
+
rotulus
“
roll
”.
verb
-
control
,
controlling
,
controls
,
controlled
to
direct
,
limit
,
or
rule
people
,
things
,
or
events
so
that
they
behave
or
happen
in
the
way
you
want
•
Pilots
control
the
airplane
with
pedals
and
a
yoke
.
Pilots
control
the
airplane
with
pedals
and
a
yoke
.
•
She
tried
to
control
her
laughter
during
the
serious
ceremony
.
She
tried
to
control
her
laughter
during
the
serious
ceremony
.
Same
origin
as
the
noun
:
from
Anglo-French
contreroule
,
meaning
“
counter-check
”.
noun
a
button
,
switch
,
or
other
device
used
to
operate
a
machine
or
piece
of
equipment
•
The
volume
control
on
the
speaker
is
a
small
silver
knob
.
The
volume
control
on
the
speaker
is
a
small
silver
knob
.
•
She
lost
the
remote
control
somewhere
between
the
cushions
.
She
lost
the
remote
control
somewhere
between
the
cushions
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
control
’
as
guidance
,
later
applied
to
physical
parts
that
guide
machines
.
noun
the
power
to
direct
what
someone
or
something
does
or
what
happens
•
During
the
meeting
,
the
chairperson
kept
control
and
made
sure
everyone
spoke
in
turn
.
During
the
meeting
,
the
chairperson
kept
control
and
made
sure
everyone
spoke
in
turn
.
•
The
driver
lost
control
of
the
car
on
the
icy
road
.
The
driver
lost
control
of
the
car
on
the
icy
road
.
From
Middle
English
controle
,
from
Anglo-French
contreroule
“
counter-roll
,
register
”,
later
“
power
of
checking
”,
from
Medieval
Latin
contrarotulus
(“
copy
of
a
roll
”).
The
sense
shifted
to
“
authority
over
something
”
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
control
,
controlling
,
controls
,
controlled
to
make
something
or
someone
behave
,
move
,
or
work
in
the
way
you
want
•
Strong
winds
controlled
the
direction
of
the
fire
.
Strong
winds
controlled
the
direction
of
the
fire
.
•
You
can
control
the
toy
car
with
this
app
on
your
phone
.
You
can
control
the
toy
car
with
this
app
on
your
phone
.
noun
in
science
,
a
sample
or
group
kept
unchanged
so
it
can
be
compared
with
the
part
of
the
experiment
that
is
changed
•
The
plants
given
no
fertilizer
served
as
the
control
in
the
experiment
.
The
plants
given
no
fertilizer
served
as
the
control
in
the
experiment
.
•
Researchers
compared
the
drug
group
with
a
placebo
control
group
.
Researchers
compared
the
drug
group
with
a
placebo
control
group
.
verb
-
control
,
controlling
,
controls
,
controlled
to
limit
something
or
keep
it
from
becoming
too
strong
,
large
,
or
harmful
•
Medicine
helped
control
his
high
blood
pressure
.
Medicine
helped
control
his
high
blood
pressure
.
•
We
need
to
control
the
spread
of
rumors
before
they
damage
the
company
.
We
need
to
control
the
spread
of
rumors
before
they
damage
the
company
.
concern
noun
something
that
worries
you
or
is
a
cause
of
anxiety
•
Safety
is
our
top
concern
when
designing
these
playgrounds
.
Safety
is
our
top
concern
when
designing
these
playgrounds
.
•
The
main
concern
of
the
committee
is
reducing
traffic
accidents
.
The
main
concern
of
the
committee
is
reducing
traffic
accidents
.
verb
-
concern
,
concerning
,
concerns
,
concerned
to
make
someone
feel
worried
or
anxious
•
The
doctor
’
s
silence
concerned
the
patient
.
The
doctor
’
s
silence
concerned
the
patient
.
•
It
really
concerns
me
that
you
are
not
eating
properly
.
It
really
concerns
me
that
you
are
not
eating
properly
.
noun
-
concern
a
feeling
of
worry
or
anxiety
,
especially
about
something
important
or
uncertain
•
News
of
the
earthquake
caused
widespread
concern
across
the
city
.
News
of
the
earthquake
caused
widespread
concern
across
the
city
.
•
Her
parents
’
main
concern
was
her
safety
during
the
trip
.
Her
parents
’
main
concern
was
her
safety
during
the
trip
.
from
Middle
French
concerner
,
from
Latin
concernere
“
to
sift
together
,
mix
,
be
related
to
”
noun
a
matter
that
is
important
to
someone
because
it
affects
them
or
is
their
responsibility
•
That
’
s
none
of
your
concern
,
so
please
stay
out
of
it
.
That
’
s
none
of
your
concern
,
so
please
stay
out
of
it
.
•
Environmental
protection
is
a
global
concern
.
Environmental
protection
is
a
global
concern
.
verb
-
concern
,
concerning
,
concerns
,
concerned
to
relate
to
;
to
be
about
or
involve
something
or
someone
•
The
book
concerns
the
lives
of
migrant
workers
.
The
book
concerns
the
lives
of
migrant
workers
.
•
His
research
concerns
renewable
energy
.
His
research
concerns
renewable
energy
.
noun
a
business
,
company
,
or
commercial
organization
•
Her
family
runs
a
small
catering
concern
in
the
suburbs
.
Her
family
runs
a
small
catering
concern
in
the
suburbs
.
•
The
multinational
concern
employs
over
ten
thousand
people
worldwide
.
The
multinational
concern
employs
over
ten
thousand
people
worldwide
.
condition
noun
the
physical
or
functional
state
that
someone
or
something
is
in
•
I
bought
the
used
bike
because
it
was
still
in
excellent
condition
.
I
bought
the
used
bike
because
it
was
still
in
excellent
condition
.
•
After
the
storm
,
the
roads
were
in
poor
condition
.
After
the
storm
,
the
roads
were
in
poor
condition
.
noun
an
illness
or
medical
problem
that
affects
the
body
or
mind
•
Asthma
is
a
chronic
condition
that
makes
breathing
difficult
.
Asthma
is
a
chronic
condition
that
makes
breathing
difficult
.
•
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
skin
condition
.
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
skin
condition
.
noun
something
that
must
be
done
or
accepted
before
something
else
can
happen
•
Payment
in
advance
is
a
condition
of
the
rental
agreement
.
Payment
in
advance
is
a
condition
of
the
rental
agreement
.
•
She
accepted
the
job
on
the
condition
that
she
could
work
from
home
one
day
a
week
.
She
accepted
the
job
on
the
condition
that
she
could
work
from
home
one
day
a
week
.
verb
-
condition
,
conditioning
,
conditions
,
conditioned
to
train
or
influence
a
person
or
animal
to
behave
in
a
particular
way
through
repeated
experience
•
Trainers
condition
the
dogs
to
sit
when
they
hear
a
whistle
.
Trainers
condition
the
dogs
to
sit
when
they
hear
a
whistle
.
•
From
childhood
,
we
are
conditioned
to
respect
traffic
lights
.
From
childhood
,
we
are
conditioned
to
respect
traffic
lights
.
verb
-
condition
,
conditioning
,
conditions
,
conditioned
to
apply
a
substance
or
process
that
makes
something
,
especially
hair
,
leather
,
or
fabric
,
softer
and
healthier
•
After
shampooing
,
I
always
condition
my
hair
.
After
shampooing
,
I
always
condition
my
hair
.
•
You
should
condition
the
leather
seats
to
keep
them
flexible
.
You
should
condition
the
leather
seats
to
keep
them
flexible
.
conditions
noun
the
situation
or
environment
in
which
people
live
or
work
•
Living
conditions
in
the
camp
have
improved
.
Living
conditions
in
the
camp
have
improved
.
•
The
miners
work
in
harsh
conditions
underground
.
The
miners
work
in
harsh
conditions
underground
.
congress
noun
-
congress
,
congresses
a
large
formal
meeting
or
conference
where
people
with
shared
interests
gather
to
discuss
ideas
and
make
decisions
•
The
annual
medical
congress
attracted
doctors
from
all
over
the
world
.
The
annual
medical
congress
attracted
doctors
from
all
over
the
world
.
•
Hundreds
of
students
gathered
in
the
hall
for
the
youth
congress
on
climate
change
.
Hundreds
of
students
gathered
in
the
hall
for
the
youth
congress
on
climate
change
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
congressus
“
a
meeting
”,
from
con-
“
together
”
+
gradi
“
to
step
”.
noun
-
congress
a
formal
word
for
sexual
intercourse
•
The
scandal
involved
secret
congress
between
the
mayor
and
an
aide
.
The
scandal
involved
secret
congress
between
the
mayor
and
an
aide
.
•
Historical
records
suggest
the
king
had
congress
with
multiple
partners
.
Historical
records
suggest
the
king
had
congress
with
multiple
partners
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
meeting
sense
,
extended
in
the
16th
century
to
describe
the
'coming
together'
of
bodies
in
sexual
union
.
conversation
noun
a
spoken
exchange
of
ideas
,
feelings
,
or
information
between
two
or
more
people
•
On
the
train
,
two
strangers
started
a
lively
conversation
about
travel
.
On
the
train
,
two
strangers
started
a
lively
conversation
about
travel
.
•
The
meeting
began
with
a
short
conversation
to
break
the
ice
.
The
meeting
began
with
a
short
conversation
to
break
the
ice
.
late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
‘
conversatio
’
meaning
‘
living
with
,
keeping
company
with
’,
from
‘
conversari
’ ‘
associate
with
’.
noun
an
exchange
of
digital
messages
or
data
between
computers
,
programs
,
or
users
in
a
single
thread
•
The
chatbot
stores
each
user
conversation
for
future
reference
.
The
chatbot
stores
each
user
conversation
for
future
reference
.
•
Secure
conversation
between
the
servers
is
protected
by
encryption
.
Secure
conversation
between
the
servers
is
protected
by
encryption
.
conference
noun
a
large
,
often
formal
meeting
where
people
with
shared
interests
come
together
to
give
talks
,
discuss
ideas
,
and
network
•
Hundreds
of
scientists
attended
the
annual
conference
on
climate
change
in
Geneva
.
Hundreds
of
scientists
attended
the
annual
conference
on
climate
change
in
Geneva
.
•
Our
company
paid
for
the
whole
team
to
fly
to
a
tech
conference
in
San
Francisco
.
Our
company
paid
for
the
whole
team
to
fly
to
a
tech
conference
in
San
Francisco
.
from
Latin
'conferentia'
meaning
'bringing
together'
,
from
'conferre'
–
to
bring
together
noun
a
small
or
private
meeting
where
people
discuss
a
particular
issue
or
make
a
decision
•
The
manager
called
a
quick
conference
with
the
designers
to
fix
the
last-minute
problem
.
The
manager
called
a
quick
conference
with
the
designers
to
fix
the
last-minute
problem
.
•
Before
issuing
the
statement
,
the
lawyer
requested
a
private
conference
with
her
client
.
Before
issuing
the
statement
,
the
lawyer
requested
a
private
conference
with
her
client
.
same
Latin
root
as
primary
sense
;
smaller
meetings
recorded
in
English
since
the
16th
century
noun
a
league
or
division
of
sports
teams
that
compete
mainly
among
themselves
during
a
season
•
The
Lakers
play
in
the
Western
Conference
of
the
NBA
.
The
Lakers
play
in
the
Western
Conference
of
the
NBA
.
•
Our
college
football
team
switched
to
a
new
conference
to
face
tougher
opponents
.
Our
college
football
team
switched
to
a
new
conference
to
face
tougher
opponents
.
sports
sense
developed
in
late
19th-century
America
when
colleges
formed
‘
conferences
’
to
regulate
competition
contain
verb
-
contain
,
containing
,
contains
,
contained
to
have
something
inside
or
include
something
as
part
of
a
whole
•
This
bottle
contains
a
liter
of
water
.
This
bottle
contains
a
liter
of
water
.
•
Her
speech
contained
several
jokes
that
made
the
audience
laugh
.
Her
speech
contained
several
jokes
that
made
the
audience
laugh
.
From
Latin
continēre
meaning
‘
to
hold
together
’ (
con-
‘
together
’
+
tenere
‘
to
hold
’).
verb
-
contain
,
containing
,
contains
,
contained
to
stop
something
harmful
or
dangerous
from
spreading
or
getting
worse
•
Firefighters
worked
through
the
night
to
contain
the
forest
fire
.
Firefighters
worked
through
the
night
to
contain
the
forest
fire
.
•
The
government
introduced
strict
measures
to
contain
the
spread
of
the
virus
.
The
government
introduced
strict
measures
to
contain
the
spread
of
the
virus
.
verb
-
contain
,
containing
,
contains
,
contained
to
keep
strong
feelings
under
control
so
they
are
not
shown
•
She
could
hardly
contain
her
excitement
when
she
saw
the
puppy
.
She
could
hardly
contain
her
excitement
when
she
saw
the
puppy
.
•
He
bit
his
lip
to
contain
his
anger
.
He
bit
his
lip
to
contain
his
anger
.
consumer
noun
a
person
who
buys
and
uses
goods
or
services
•
The
average
consumer
checks
online
reviews
before
buying
a
product
.
The
average
consumer
checks
online
reviews
before
buying
a
product
.
•
Electric
cars
are
becoming
more
popular
as
consumers
look
for
greener
options
.
Electric
cars
are
becoming
more
popular
as
consumers
look
for
greener
options
.
From
Latin
‘
consumere
’
meaning
‘
to
use
up
,
eat
,
waste
’.
The
modern
sense
of
a
buyer
developed
in
the
18th
century
alongside
growing
markets
.
noun
an
animal
that
eats
other
living
things
for
energy
in
a
food
chain
•
In
a
food
chain
,
a
lion
is
a
consumer
because
it
eats
other
animals
.
In
a
food
chain
,
a
lion
is
a
consumer
because
it
eats
other
animals
.
•
Her
teacher
explained
that
herbivores
are
primary
consumers
in
an
ecosystem
.
Her
teacher
explained
that
herbivores
are
primary
consumers
in
an
ecosystem
.
adjective
connected
with
people
who
buy
and
use
goods
or
services
•
The
government
released
new
consumer
protection
laws
today
.
The
government
released
new
consumer
protection
laws
today
.
•
Sales
of
consumer
electronics
rose
sharply
this
year
.
Sales
of
consumer
electronics
rose
sharply
this
year
.
contribute
verb
-
contribute
,
contributing
,
contributes
,
contributed
to
give
money
,
time
,
ideas
,
or
other
help
toward
a
common
fund
,
project
,
or
cause
•
Many
parents
contribute
money
to
the
school
’
s
science
fair
every
year
.
Many
parents
contribute
money
to
the
school
’
s
science
fair
every
year
.
•
Each
team
member
contributed
ideas
during
the
brainstorming
session
.
Each
team
member
contributed
ideas
during
the
brainstorming
session
.
from
Latin
‘
contribuere
’ —
con-
“
together
”
+
tribuere
“
to
allot
,
pay
.”
verb
-
contribute
,
contributing
,
contributes
,
contributed
to
be
one
of
the
causes
of
a
particular
result
•
Heavy
traffic
can
contribute
to
air
pollution
in
big
cities
.
Heavy
traffic
can
contribute
to
air
pollution
in
big
cities
.
•
Lack
of
sleep
contributed
to
her
poor
exam
performance
.
Lack
of
sleep
contributed
to
her
poor
exam
performance
.
verb
-
contribute
,
contributing
,
contributes
,
contributed
to
write
and
send
articles
,
stories
,
or
other
material
for
publication
•
She
regularly
contributes
travel
articles
to
the
local
newspaper
.
She
regularly
contributes
travel
articles
to
the
local
newspaper
.
•
Several
experts
contributed
chapters
to
the
medical
textbook
.
Several
experts
contributed
chapters
to
the
medical
textbook
.
contract
noun
a
written
or
spoken
agreement
that
is
legally
binding
and
states
what
each
side
must
do
•
The
builder
asked
us
to
read
the
contract
carefully
before
signing
.
The
builder
asked
us
to
read
the
contract
carefully
before
signing
.
•
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
player
signed
a
million-dollar
contract
with
the
team
.
After
winning
the
championship
,
the
player
signed
a
million-dollar
contract
with
the
team
.
verb
-
contract
,
contracting
,
contracts
,
contracted
to
become
smaller
or
shorter
,
or
to
make
something
smaller
,
often
because
of
cold
or
tightening
•
When
the
weather
turned
cold
,
the
metal
pipes
began
to
contract
.
When
the
weather
turned
cold
,
the
metal
pipes
began
to
contract
.
•
She
watched
the
balloon
contract
as
the
air
slowly
leaked
out
.
She
watched
the
balloon
contract
as
the
air
slowly
leaked
out
.
verb
-
contract
,
contracting
,
contracts
,
contracted
to
arrange
and
agree
to
do
work
or
provide
something
by
signing
a
formal
agreement
•
The
city
decided
to
contract
a
new
company
to
collect
its
trash
.
The
city
decided
to
contract
a
new
company
to
collect
its
trash
.
•
Our
firm
has
contracted
with
a
software
developer
to
build
the
app
.
Our
firm
has
contracted
with
a
software
developer
to
build
the
app
.
verb
-
contract
,
contracting
,
contracts
,
contracted
to
catch
or
develop
an
illness
or
disease
•
He
contracted
the
flu
after
traveling
overseas
.
He
contracted
the
flu
after
traveling
overseas
.
•
Many
sailors
contracted
scurvy
during
long
voyages
.
Many
sailors
contracted
scurvy
during
long
voyages
.
content
adjective
feeling
quietly
happy
and
satisfied
with
what
you
have
or
with
the
situation
•
After
finishing
her
painting
,
Lena
felt
content
and
smiled
softly
.
After
finishing
her
painting
,
Lena
felt
content
and
smiled
softly
.
•
The
baby
lay
content
in
his
crib
after
a
warm
bottle
.
The
baby
lay
content
in
his
crib
after
a
warm
bottle
.
From
Latin
contentus
“
satisfied
”,
past
participle
of
continēre
“
to
hold
together
”.
noun
-
content
the
ideas
,
information
,
or
creative
material
contained
in
something
such
as
a
book
,
website
,
video
,
or
show
•
The
documentary
’
s
content
was
both
educational
and
entertaining
.
The
documentary
’
s
content
was
both
educational
and
entertaining
.
•
Teachers
must
check
that
online
content
is
appropriate
for
students
.
Teachers
must
check
that
online
content
is
appropriate
for
students
.
Sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
with
the
rise
of
mass
media
,
extending
the
idea
of
what
is
“
contained
”
in
a
publication
.
noun
-
content
the
amount
of
a
particular
substance
that
something
contains
,
often
shown
as
a
percentage
•
This
yogurt
has
a
high
protein
content
.
This
yogurt
has
a
high
protein
content
.
•
Doctors
monitor
the
oxygen
content
in
a
patient
’
s
blood
.
Doctors
monitor
the
oxygen
content
in
a
patient
’
s
blood
.
From
Latin
contentum
,
neuter
past
participle
of
continēre
“
to
hold
together
”,
referring
to
what
is
held
within
.
verb
to
make
someone
feel
satisfied
so
that
they
no
longer
want
anything
else
•
The
king
tried
to
content
the
angry
villagers
with
promises
of
grain
.
The
king
tried
to
content
the
angry
villagers
with
promises
of
grain
.
•
No
amount
of
praise
could
content
her
ambitious
spirit
.
No
amount
of
praise
could
content
her
ambitious
spirit
.
From
Middle
French
contenter
,
from
Latin
contentus
“
satisfied
”.
context
noun
the
situation
,
background
,
or
circumstances
that
help
you
understand
why
something
happens
or
what
something
means
•
Without
context
,
her
comments
sounded
rude
.
Without
context
,
her
comments
sounded
rude
.
•
The
teacher
gave
historical
context
before
starting
the
lesson
on
the
civil
war
.
The
teacher
gave
historical
context
before
starting
the
lesson
on
the
civil
war
.
Late
Middle
English
from
Latin
contextus
‘
composition
,
connection
’,
from
contexere
‘
to
weave
together
’,
from
con-
‘
together
’
+
texere
‘
to
weave
’.
noun
the
words
and
sentences
that
come
before
and
after
a
particular
word
or
phrase
and
help
you
understand
its
meaning
•
If
a
word
is
unfamiliar
,
read
the
surrounding
context
to
guess
its
meaning
.
If
a
word
is
unfamiliar
,
read
the
surrounding
context
to
guess
its
meaning
.
•
The
student
quoted
the
sentence
out
of
context
.
The
student
quoted
the
sentence
out
of
context
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
:
from
Latin
contextus
‘
woven
together
’.
concept
noun
an
abstract
idea
or
thought
that
helps
you
understand
or
explain
something
•
The
concept
of
time
travel
fascinates
many
scientists
.
The
concept
of
time
travel
fascinates
many
scientists
.
•
Honesty
is
an
important
concept
children
learn
early
in
life
.
Honesty
is
an
important
concept
children
learn
early
in
life
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
“
conceptus
”
meaning
“
something
conceived
”,
from
“
concipere
” (“
to
take
in
,
to
conceive
”).
noun
an
original
design
or
plan
for
a
new
product
,
project
,
or
creation
,
often
shown
in
an
early
experimental
form
•
The
company
unveiled
a
futuristic
concept
for
an
electric
flying
taxi
.
The
company
unveiled
a
futuristic
concept
for
an
electric
flying
taxi
.
•
This
museum
exhibit
shows
early
car
concepts
from
the
1950s
.
This
museum
exhibit
shows
early
car
concepts
from
the
1950s
.
Extended
use
of
the
general
meaning
of
“
concept
”
to
physical
design
plans
became
common
in
the
early
20th
century
with
industrial
design
.
concerned
adjective
worried
or
anxious
about
something
•
Lily
looked
concerned
when
she
saw
the
dark
clouds
gathering
.
Lily
looked
concerned
when
she
saw
the
dark
clouds
gathering
.
•
His
parents
grew
concerned
about
his
constant
cough
.
His
parents
grew
concerned
about
his
constant
cough
.
adjective
involved
in
or
affected
by
something
•
All
concerned
employees
must
attend
the
safety
meeting
.
All
concerned
employees
must
attend
the
safety
meeting
.
•
The
people
concerned
have
already
been
informed
.
The
people
concerned
have
already
been
informed
.
verb
simple
past
and
past
participle
of
concern
:
to
worry
or
involve
someone
•
The
sudden
drop
in
profits
concerned
the
board
members
.
The
sudden
drop
in
profits
concerned
the
board
members
.
•
Environmental
damage
has
long
concerned
scientists
.
Environmental
damage
has
long
concerned
scientists
.
conduct
verb
to
plan
,
organize
,
and
carry
out
an
activity
such
as
a
study
,
investigation
,
or
meeting
•
The
professor
conducted
a
survey
to
learn
about
students'
study
habits
.
The
professor
conducted
a
survey
to
learn
about
students'
study
habits
.
•
Engineers
will
conduct
tests
on
the
bridge
before
it
opens
to
traffic
.
Engineers
will
conduct
tests
on
the
bridge
before
it
opens
to
traffic
.
From
Middle
English
‘
conducten
’,
from
Latin
‘
conducere
’
meaning
‘
to
lead
together
’.
Over
time
,
the
sense
of
leading
or
guiding
broadened
to
organizing
or
carrying
out
an
activity
.
verb
to
direct
a
group
of
musicians
or
singers
so
that
they
perform
together
•
The
maestro
raised
his
baton
and
conducted
the
orchestra
through
the
symphony
.
The
maestro
raised
his
baton
and
conducted
the
orchestra
through
the
symphony
.
•
She
dreams
of
conducting
a
world-famous
orchestra
someday
.
She
dreams
of
conducting
a
world-famous
orchestra
someday
.
This
sense
comes
from
the
idea
of
‘
leading
together
’
musicians
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
(
of
a
material
)
to
allow
electricity
,
heat
,
or
sound
to
pass
through
it
•
Copper
conducts
electricity
better
than
most
metals
.
Copper
conducts
electricity
better
than
most
metals
.
•
Because
rubber
does
not
conduct
heat
well
,
it
is
used
for
pot
handles
.
Because
rubber
does
not
conduct
heat
well
,
it
is
used
for
pot
handles
.
Adopted
into
scientific
language
in
the
18th
century
as
experiments
in
electricity
and
heat
required
a
term
for
‘
carrying
’
energy
through
a
substance
.
noun
-
conduct
a
person
’
s
behaviour
,
especially
the
way
they
act
in
public
or
in
a
particular
situation
•
The
students'
excellent
conduct
impressed
their
new
teacher
.
The
students'
excellent
conduct
impressed
their
new
teacher
.
•
His
rude
conduct
at
dinner
embarrassed
everyone
.
His
rude
conduct
at
dinner
embarrassed
everyone
.
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
‘
conductus
’
meaning
‘
led
together
’;
by
the
15th
century
it
referred
to
personal
behaviour
.
connection
noun
the
link
that
allows
a
computer
or
device
to
communicate
with
the
internet
or
a
network
•
I
couldn
’
t
join
the
meeting
because
my
internet
connection
was
down
.
I
couldn
’
t
join
the
meeting
because
my
internet
connection
was
down
.
•
We
need
a
faster
connection
to
stream
high-definition
movies
.
We
need
a
faster
connection
to
stream
high-definition
movies
.
noun
a
relationship
or
link
between
people
,
ideas
,
or
things
•
There
is
a
strong
connection
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
There
is
a
strong
connection
between
exercise
and
good
health
.
•
The
twins
share
a
special
connection
that
is
hard
to
explain
.
The
twins
share
a
special
connection
that
is
hard
to
explain
.
From
Latin
“
connectere
”
meaning
“
to
bind
together
.”
noun
a
means
of
transferring
from
one
form
of
transport
to
another
during
a
journey
•
Our
flight
was
late
,
so
we
missed
our
connection
to
Tokyo
.
Our
flight
was
late
,
so
we
missed
our
connection
to
Tokyo
.
•
You
have
a
ten-minute
connection
at
Central
Station
—
hurry
!
You
have
a
ten-minute
connection
at
Central
Station
—
hurry
!
noun
a
point
where
two
parts
,
wires
,
or
pipes
are
joined
together
so
that
they
work
•
Check
the
cable
connection
if
the
lamp
won
’
t
turn
on
.
Check
the
cable
connection
if
the
lamp
won
’
t
turn
on
.
•
The
plumber
fixed
a
leaking
pipe
connection
under
the
sink
.
The
plumber
fixed
a
leaking
pipe
connection
under
the
sink
.
noun
a
person
you
know
who
can
give
help
,
information
,
or
opportunities
•
She
got
the
job
through
a
connection
at
the
company
.
She
got
the
job
through
a
connection
at
the
company
.
•
If
you
need
concert
tickets
,
I
have
a
connection
who
can
help
.
If
you
need
concert
tickets
,
I
have
a
connection
who
can
help
.
conflict
noun
a
serious
disagreement
or
fighting
between
people
,
groups
,
or
countries
•
The
two
neighbors
ended
their
long
conflict
and
shook
hands
.
The
two
neighbors
ended
their
long
conflict
and
shook
hands
.
•
Thousands
fled
the
country
to
escape
the
armed
conflict
.
Thousands
fled
the
country
to
escape
the
armed
conflict
.
Borrowed
from
Latin
‘
conflictus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
confligere
’
meaning
‘
to
strike
together
’.
noun
a
situation
in
which
ideas
,
needs
,
or
feelings
cannot
exist
together
because
they
are
different
•
She
felt
a
deep
conflict
between
her
career
ambitions
and
her
wish
to
travel
.
She
felt
a
deep
conflict
between
her
career
ambitions
and
her
wish
to
travel
.
•
There
is
a
clear
conflict
between
safety
and
speed
in
the
project
.
There
is
a
clear
conflict
between
safety
and
speed
in
the
project
.
Same
origin
as
the
main
noun
sense
,
from
Latin
‘
conflictus
’,
but
first
recorded
describing
mental
or
moral
opposition
in
the
early
1800s
.
verb
-
conflict
,
conflicting
,
conflicts
,
conflicted
to
clash
or
disagree
;
not
be
able
to
exist
or
happen
together
•
The
meeting
times
conflict
with
my
doctor's
appointment
.
The
meeting
times
conflict
with
my
doctor's
appointment
.
•
Their
personalities
sometimes
conflict
,
but
they
remain
friends
.
Their
personalities
sometimes
conflict
,
but
they
remain
friends
.
Derived
from
the
noun
;
used
as
a
verb
since
the
15th
century
meaning
‘
to
be
in
opposition
’.
connect
verb
to
join
two
or
more
things
so
that
they
are
linked
or
touch
each
other
•
She
used
a
rope
to
connect
the
two
boats
.
She
used
a
rope
to
connect
the
two
boats
.
•
The
pieces
of
the
puzzle
only
fit
when
you
connect
the
edges
.
The
pieces
of
the
puzzle
only
fit
when
you
connect
the
edges
.
contact
noun
communication
or
connection
with
someone
•
After
moving
abroad
,
Mia
kept
contact
with
her
grandparents
by
video
call
every
week
.
After
moving
abroad
,
Mia
kept
contact
with
her
grandparents
by
video
call
every
week
.
•
I
finally
lost
contact
with
my
old
teacher
when
her
email
stopped
working
.
I
finally
lost
contact
with
my
old
teacher
when
her
email
stopped
working
.
Sense
extended
from
physical
touch
to
the
idea
of
maintaining
connection
by
letters
or
calls
in
the
mid-19th
century
.
verb
to
communicate
with
someone
,
especially
by
phone
,
email
,
or
letter
•
You
can
contact
me
at
this
number
if
you
have
any
questions
.
You
can
contact
me
at
this
number
if
you
have
any
questions
.
•
The
travel
agent
contacted
the
hotel
to
confirm
our
reservation
.
The
travel
agent
contacted
the
hotel
to
confirm
our
reservation
.
Verb
sense
developed
from
the
noun
in
early
20th-century
English
,
when
new
communication
tools
like
telephone
appeared
.
noun
the
state
of
two
people
or
things
touching
or
meeting
•
The
baseball
made
contact
with
the
window
and
cracked
the
glass
.
The
baseball
made
contact
with
the
window
and
cracked
the
glass
.
•
Wear
gloves
so
your
skin
doesn
’
t
come
into
direct
contact
with
the
hot
pan
.
Wear
gloves
so
your
skin
doesn
’
t
come
into
direct
contact
with
the
hot
pan
.
From
Latin
‘
contactus
’
meaning
‘
a
touching
’,
from
‘
contingere
’ ‘
to
touch
’.
noun
a
person
you
know
who
can
give
help
,
information
,
or
introductions
•
Emma
used
her
uncle
as
a
contact
to
find
a
summer
job
at
the
bank
.
Emma
used
her
uncle
as
a
contact
to
find
a
summer
job
at
the
bank
.
•
The
reporter
called
her
police
contact
for
details
about
the
accident
.
The
reporter
called
her
police
contact
for
details
about
the
accident
.
From
the
idea
of
someone
you
can
‘
get
in
touch
with
’;
popular
in
business
English
since
the
20th
century
.
noun
the
state
of
two
or
more
things
touching
each
other
•
Keep
fragile
items
apart
so
they
do
not
come
into
contact
.
Keep
fragile
items
apart
so
they
do
not
come
into
contact
.
•
The
car
’
s
bumper
made
brief
contact
with
the
wall
,
leaving
a
scratch
.
The
car
’
s
bumper
made
brief
contact
with
the
wall
,
leaving
a
scratch
.
From
Latin
contactus
“
a
touching
,”
from
contingere
“
to
touch
.”
noun
communication
or
regular
exchange
with
someone
•
We
kept
in
contact
by
email
while
she
studied
abroad
.
We
kept
in
contact
by
email
while
she
studied
abroad
.
•
After
moving
to
a
new
city
,
he
lost
contact
with
many
old
friends
.
After
moving
to
a
new
city
,
he
lost
contact
with
many
old
friends
.
verb
to
communicate
with
someone
,
especially
by
phone
,
email
,
or
letter
•
Please
contact
me
if
you
have
any
questions
.
Please
contact
me
if
you
have
any
questions
.
•
The
company
contacted
all
applicants
by
phone
.
The
company
contacted
all
applicants
by
phone
.
verb
to
touch
or
meet
something
physically
•
If
the
wires
contact
,
they
could
cause
a
short
circuit
.
If
the
wires
contact
,
they
could
cause
a
short
circuit
.
•
The
rocket
must
avoid
contacting
space
debris
during
launch
.
The
rocket
must
avoid
contacting
space
debris
during
launch
.
Technical
in-transitive
verb
use
recorded
since
the
late
19th
century
in
engineering
manuals
.
noun
a
thin
lens
worn
directly
on
the
eye
(
short
form
of
‘
contact
lens
’)
•
I
put
my
left
contact
in
backwards
this
morning
and
it
felt
uncomfortable
.
I
put
my
left
contact
in
backwards
this
morning
and
it
felt
uncomfortable
.
•
He
keeps
spare
contacts
in
his
wallet
just
in
case
one
falls
out
.
He
keeps
spare
contacts
in
his
wallet
just
in
case
one
falls
out
.
Shortened
from
“
contact
lens
,”
first
used
in
the
1960s
.
noun
a
person
you
know
who
can
give
you
information
or
help
•
She
has
many
contacts
in
the
music
industry
who
can
find
new
singers
.
She
has
many
contacts
in
the
music
industry
who
can
find
new
singers
.
•
A
good
journalist
relies
on
reliable
contacts
for
breaking
news
.
A
good
journalist
relies
on
reliable
contacts
for
breaking
news
.
noun
a
small
metal
or
carbon
part
in
a
circuit
that
touches
another
part
to
allow
electricity
to
flow
•
The
relay
’
s
contacts
closed
and
powered
the
motor
.
The
relay
’
s
contacts
closed
and
powered
the
motor
.
•
Dirty
contacts
can
cause
sparks
in
a
switch
.
Dirty
contacts
can
cause
sparks
in
a
switch
.
adjective
involving
physical
touching
or
collision
,
especially
in
sports
•
Rugby
is
a
full-contact
sport
.
Rugby
is
a
full-contact
sport
.
•
She
prefers
non-contact
exercise
like
swimming
.
She
prefers
non-contact
exercise
like
swimming
.
conclusion
noun
the
end
or
final
part
of
something
such
as
an
event
,
story
,
meeting
,
or
process
•
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
Crowds
cheered
loudly
at
the
conclusion
of
the
concert
.
•
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
The
runners
shook
hands
after
the
marathon
reached
its
conclusion
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
‘
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
’.
noun
a
judgment
,
opinion
,
or
decision
reached
after
careful
thought
or
investigation
•
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
After
studying
the
results
,
the
scientist
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
new
drug
was
safe
.
•
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Lily
jumped
to
the
wrong
conclusion
and
thought
her
friend
was
ignoring
her
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
conclusio
(
n-
),
from
concludere
‘
to
end
,
shut
up
,
sum
up
’.
noun
in
logic
,
the
statement
that
logically
follows
from
the
premises
of
an
argument
•
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
In
the
syllogism
"
All
humans
are
mortal
;
Socrates
is
human
,"
the
conclusion
is
"
Socrates
is
mortal
."
•
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
The
professor
asked
the
class
to
identify
the
conclusion
in
each
formal
argument
.
Adopted
in
the
14th
century
into
scholastic
logic
from
Medieval
Latin
conclusio
,
denoting
the
end
statement
of
a
syllogism
.
consequence
noun
something
that
happens
as
the
result
or
effect
of
an
action
or
event
•
Skipping
breakfast
can
have
a
negative
consequence
on
your
concentration
.
Skipping
breakfast
can
have
a
negative
consequence
on
your
concentration
.
•
Every
action
has
a
consequence
,
whether
good
or
bad
.
Every
action
has
a
consequence
,
whether
good
or
bad
.
From
Latin
consequentia
“
that
which
follows
,”
from
consequī
“
to
follow
.”
noun
a
penalty
or
unpleasant
result
that
follows
wrongdoing
or
a
mistake
•
If
you
disobey
the
rules
,
there
will
be
a
consequence
.
If
you
disobey
the
rules
,
there
will
be
a
consequence
.
•
Parking
in
a
fire
lane
can
lead
to
serious
consequences
.
Parking
in
a
fire
lane
can
lead
to
serious
consequences
.
Developed
from
the
general
“
result
”
sense
,
but
in
late
19th-century
disciplinary
language
it
narrowed
to
negative
outcomes
.
noun
the
importance
or
significance
that
something
or
someone
has
•
The
treaty
was
of
great
consequence
for
peace
in
the
region
.
The
treaty
was
of
great
consequence
for
peace
in
the
region
.
•
She
is
a
historian
of
some
consequence
in
academic
circles
.
She
is
a
historian
of
some
consequence
in
academic
circles
.
Same
root
as
Sense
1
,
but
the
meaning
of
“
following
”
shifted
in
the
17th
century
to
figurative
importance
.
confirm
verb
to
show
or
prove
that
something
is
true
or
correct
•
The
scientist
repeated
the
experiment
to
confirm
the
results
.
The
scientist
repeated
the
experiment
to
confirm
the
results
.
•
The
bank
sent
me
a
code
by
text
to
confirm
my
identity
.
The
bank
sent
me
a
code
by
text
to
confirm
my
identity
.
From
Latin
confirmare
“
to
strengthen
,
establish
,
prove
,”
from
con-
“
together
”
+
firmare
“
make
firm
.”
verb
to
tell
someone
officially
that
an
arrangement
,
booking
,
or
plan
is
definite
•
Please
confirm
your
flight
as
soon
as
possible
.
Please
confirm
your
flight
as
soon
as
possible
.
•
The
hotel
emailed
to
say
they
had
confirmed
our
reservation
.
The
hotel
emailed
to
say
they
had
confirmed
our
reservation
.
verb
to
make
a
feeling
,
belief
,
or
opinion
stronger
•
Her
smile
confirmed
my
suspicion
that
she
had
good
news
.
Her
smile
confirmed
my
suspicion
that
she
had
good
news
.
•
The
latest
polls
confirm
the
public's
growing
support
for
the
policy
.
The
latest
polls
confirm
the
public's
growing
support
for
the
policy
.
verb
in
some
Christian
churches
,
to
accept
someone
as
a
full
member
in
a
special
ceremony
•
The
bishop
will
confirm
the
teenagers
next
Sunday
.
The
bishop
will
confirm
the
teenagers
next
Sunday
.
•
I
was
confirmed
when
I
was
twelve
years
old
.
I
was
confirmed
when
I
was
twelve
years
old
.
construction
noun
the
act
or
process
of
building
something
,
especially
large
structures
such
as
houses
,
bridges
,
or
roads
•
The
construction
of
the
new
playground
made
the
children
excited
.
The
construction
of
the
new
playground
made
the
children
excited
.
•
Noise
from
the
late-night
construction
kept
the
neighbors
awake
.
Noise
from
the
late-night
construction
kept
the
neighbors
awake
.
From
Latin
“
constructio
”
meaning
“
a
building
up
”.
noun
the
business
or
line
of
work
that
involves
building
structures
•
After
school
,
he
got
a
job
in
construction
to
earn
money
.
After
school
,
he
got
a
job
in
construction
to
earn
money
.
•
Safety
glasses
are
essential
for
anyone
working
in
construction
.
Safety
glasses
are
essential
for
anyone
working
in
construction
.
noun
a
building
or
other
structure
that
has
been
made
•
The
glass
construction
gleamed
in
the
morning
sun
.
The
glass
construction
gleamed
in
the
morning
sun
.
•
That
temporary
construction
will
be
removed
after
the
festival
.
That
temporary
construction
will
be
removed
after
the
festival
.
noun
the
way
in
which
words
or
phrases
are
arranged
to
make
a
sentence
or
expression
•
'What
time
is
it
?
'
is
a
simple
question
construction
.
'What
time
is
it
?
'
is
a
simple
question
construction
.
•
Passive
voice
constructions
can
make
writing
less
direct
.
Passive
voice
constructions
can
make
writing
less
direct
.
noun
the
act
of
interpreting
the
meaning
of
a
written
text
or
law
•
Courts
follow
a
strict
construction
of
the
constitution
.
Courts
follow
a
strict
construction
of
the
constitution
.
•
Different
judges
offered
different
constructions
of
the
contract
.
Different
judges
offered
different
constructions
of
the
contract
.
conservative
adjective
Wanting
to
keep
traditional
ideas
,
customs
,
or
institutions
and
being
cautious
about
change
.
•
My
grandfather
is
very
conservative
and
still
writes
letters
instead
of
emails
.
My
grandfather
is
very
conservative
and
still
writes
letters
instead
of
emails
.
•
The
conservative
voters
rejected
the
proposal
for
a
new
shopping
mall
.
The
conservative
voters
rejected
the
proposal
for
a
new
shopping
mall
.
From
Latin
conservare
“
to
preserve
”.
adjective
Not
showy
or
extreme
;
moderate
and
careful
,
especially
in
style
,
amount
,
or
estimate
.
•
He
wore
a
conservative
dark
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
He
wore
a
conservative
dark
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
•
The
company
released
a
conservative
sales
forecast
for
next
year
.
The
company
released
a
conservative
sales
forecast
for
next
year
.
Sense
of
“
moderate
”
evolved
from
the
idea
of
avoiding
excess
.
noun
A
person
who
holds
traditional
political
views
and
prefers
slow
or
limited
change
,
especially
one
who
belongs
to
or
supports
a
right-leaning
political
party
.
•
The
conservative
won
the
election
by
a
narrow
margin
.
The
conservative
won
the
election
by
a
narrow
margin
.
•
As
a
conservative
,
he
supports
lower
taxes
and
limited
government
.
As
a
conservative
,
he
supports
lower
taxes
and
limited
government
.
Noun
use
comes
from
the
adjective
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
19th
century
to
label
supporters
of
traditional
politics
.
adjective
Not
liking
sudden
change
and
preferring
traditional
ways
or
ideas
.
•
My
grandfather
is
very
conservative
and
still
writes
letters
by
hand
instead
of
using
email
.
My
grandfather
is
very
conservative
and
still
writes
letters
by
hand
instead
of
using
email
.
•
The
school
has
a
conservative
dress
code
that
bans
ripped
jeans
.
The
school
has
a
conservative
dress
code
that
bans
ripped
jeans
.
adjective
Plain
and
traditional
in
style
,
color
,
or
design
;
not
bright
or
showy
.
•
He
wore
a
conservative
navy
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
He
wore
a
conservative
navy
suit
to
the
job
interview
.
•
Their
living
room
is
decorated
in
conservative
beige
tones
.
Their
living
room
is
decorated
in
conservative
beige
tones
.
adjective
Supporting
political
ideas
that
favor
limited
government
change
,
lower
taxes
,
and
traditional
values
.
•
She
comes
from
a
conservative
district
that
usually
votes
right-wing
.
She
comes
from
a
conservative
district
that
usually
votes
right-wing
.
•
The
senator's
conservative
stance
on
spending
won
him
support
.
The
senator's
conservative
stance
on
spending
won
him
support
.
noun
A
person
who
supports
conservative
political
ideas
.
•
The
conservative
argued
against
raising
taxes
.
The
conservative
argued
against
raising
taxes
.
•
As
a
conservative
,
he
prefers
smaller
government
.
As
a
conservative
,
he
prefers
smaller
government
.
adjective
Lower
than
the
real
number
might
be
,
used
to
avoid
overestimating
something
.
•
Analysts
gave
a
conservative
forecast
of
3%
growth
for
next
year
.
Analysts
gave
a
conservative
forecast
of
3%
growth
for
next
year
.
•
To
be
safe
,
we
used
a
conservative
estimate
of
how
many
tickets
would
sell
.
To
be
safe
,
we
used
a
conservative
estimate
of
how
many
tickets
would
sell
.
constitution
noun
the
written
or
unwritten
set
of
fundamental
laws
and
principles
that
describes
how
a
country
,
state
,
or
organization
is
governed
•
Law
students
compared
the
American
constitution
with
the
French
one
for
their
assignment
.
Law
students
compared
the
American
constitution
with
the
French
one
for
their
assignment
.
•
After
independence
,
the
new
nation
drafted
a
constitution
to
protect
human
rights
.
After
independence
,
the
new
nation
drafted
a
constitution
to
protect
human
rights
.
Late
Middle
English
:
from
Latin
constitutio
(
n-
) ‘
settling
,
established
order
’,
from
constituere
‘
set
up
’.
noun
a
person
’
s
general
state
of
physical
health
,
strength
,
and
vitality
•
Despite
her
age
,
Grandma
still
has
a
strong
constitution
.
Despite
her
age
,
Grandma
still
has
a
strong
constitution
.
•
The
doctor
said
his
weak
constitution
made
him
prone
to
colds
.
The
doctor
said
his
weak
constitution
made
him
prone
to
colds
.
Meaning
“
physical
makeup
or
health
”
appeared
in
the
early
17th
century
,
influenced
by
medical
Latin
uses
of
constitutio
‘
arrangement
of
the
body
’.
noun
the
physical
makeup
,
structure
,
or
composition
of
something
•
Scientists
studied
the
chemical
constitution
of
the
new
alloy
.
Scientists
studied
the
chemical
constitution
of
the
new
alloy
.
•
The
committee
discussed
the
ideal
constitution
of
the
advisory
board
.
The
committee
discussed
the
ideal
constitution
of
the
advisory
board
.
Sense
of
“
make-up
,
composition
”
dates
to
the
17th
century
,
extended
figuratively
from
the
earlier
political
sense
.
convention
noun
a
large
meeting
where
people
with
a
shared
interest
gather
to
discuss
ideas
and
enjoy
events
•
Thousands
of
comic
book
fans
filled
the
exhibition
hall
for
the
annual
convention
.
Thousands
of
comic
book
fans
filled
the
exhibition
hall
for
the
annual
convention
.
•
At
the
medical
convention
,
leading
surgeons
presented
their
latest
breakthroughs
.
At
the
medical
convention
,
leading
surgeons
presented
their
latest
breakthroughs
.
noun
a
traditional
way
of
behaving
or
doing
something
that
most
people
in
a
society
accept
•
By
social
convention
,
guests
usually
bring
a
gift
to
a
wedding
.
By
social
convention
,
guests
usually
bring
a
gift
to
a
wedding
.
•
He
ignored
every
grammatical
convention
in
his
short
email
.
He
ignored
every
grammatical
convention
in
his
short
email
.
noun
a
formal
agreement
between
countries
on
a
specific
matter
•
Several
nations
signed
a
convention
to
protect
endangered
sea
turtles
.
Several
nations
signed
a
convention
to
protect
endangered
sea
turtles
.
•
The
Paris
Convention
sets
important
standards
for
industrial
property
rights
.
The
Paris
Convention
sets
important
standards
for
industrial
property
rights
.
conclude
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
bring
something
to
an
end
or
finish
it
•
After
six
hours
,
the
teacher
concluded
the
class
with
a
quick
summary
.
After
six
hours
,
the
teacher
concluded
the
class
with
a
quick
summary
.
•
The
fireworks
display
concluded
the
festival
on
a
dazzling
note
.
The
fireworks
display
concluded
the
festival
on
a
dazzling
note
.
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
come
to
an
end
,
especially
a
meeting
,
event
,
or
period
of
time
•
The
seminar
concluded
at
exactly
4
p
.
m
.
The
seminar
concluded
at
exactly
4
p
.
m
.
•
Summer
vacation
concluded
with
a
family
barbecue
on
the
beach
.
Summer
vacation
concluded
with
a
family
barbecue
on
the
beach
.
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
decide
something
is
true
after
thinking
carefully
about
the
facts
•
From
the
missing
footprints
,
the
detective
concluded
that
the
thief
had
escaped
by
car
.
From
the
missing
footprints
,
the
detective
concluded
that
the
thief
had
escaped
by
car
.
•
After
comparing
all
the
prices
,
she
concluded
that
this
laptop
offered
the
best
value
.
After
comparing
all
the
prices
,
she
concluded
that
this
laptop
offered
the
best
value
.
verb
-
conclude
,
concluding
,
concludes
,
concluded
to
formally
arrange
or
complete
an
agreement
,
contract
,
or
treaty
•
The
two
companies
concluded
a
partnership
agreement
after
months
of
negotiation
.
The
two
companies
concluded
a
partnership
agreement
after
months
of
negotiation
.
•
Several
nations
concluded
a
climate
treaty
aimed
at
reducing
emissions
.
Several
nations
concluded
a
climate
treaty
aimed
at
reducing
emissions
.
confidence
noun
-
confidence
a
feeling
of
self-assurance
and
belief
in
your
own
abilities
or
qualities
•
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
with
quiet
confidence
.
After
months
of
practice
,
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
with
quiet
confidence
.
•
The
coach's
praise
boosted
the
players'
confidence
before
the
match
.
The
coach's
praise
boosted
the
players'
confidence
before
the
match
.
from
Latin
confidentia
“
firmly
trusting
,”
from
confidere
“
to
have
full
trust
.”
noun
-
confidence
trust
or
strong
belief
that
someone
or
something
will
act
in
the
right
way
or
succeed
•
I
have
complete
confidence
in
Dr
.
Lee's
ability
to
perform
the
surgery
.
I
have
complete
confidence
in
Dr
.
Lee's
ability
to
perform
the
surgery
.
•
The
CEO's
calm
words
restored
the
investors'
confidence
in
the
company
.
The
CEO's
calm
words
restored
the
investors'
confidence
in
the
company
.
Same
origin
as
other
senses
,
ultimately
from
Latin
confidere
“
to
trust
fully
.”
noun
a
piece
of
private
or
secret
information
that
is
shared
with
someone
you
trust
•
Tina
told
me
the
news
in
strict
confidence
,
so
I
can't
repeat
it
.
Tina
told
me
the
news
in
strict
confidence
,
so
I
can't
repeat
it
.
•
He
broke
her
confidence
by
sharing
her
secret
with
others
.
He
broke
her
confidence
by
sharing
her
secret
with
others
.
Sense
of
“
secret
”
arose
in
the
16th
century
from
the
idea
of
trust
between
speakers
.
contribution
noun
Something
such
as
money
,
help
,
or
ideas
that
you
willingly
give
to
a
person
,
group
,
or
cause
so
they
can
reach
a
goal
.
•
Each
guest
put
a
small
contribution
into
the
charity
box
at
the
door
.
Each
guest
put
a
small
contribution
into
the
charity
box
at
the
door
.
•
The
villagers
’
joint
contribution
paid
for
a
new
well
in
the
dry
season
.
The
villagers
’
joint
contribution
paid
for
a
new
well
in
the
dry
season
.
From
Latin
'contributio'
meaning
'a
bringing
together'
,
from
'contribuere'
(
'con-'
together
+
'tribuere'
give
).
noun
The
part
played
by
a
person
or
thing
in
producing
or
achieving
a
result
;
something
that
helps
to
make
something
happen
or
be
better
.
•
Ada
Lovelace
’
s
contribution
to
computing
laid
the
groundwork
for
modern
programming
.
Ada
Lovelace
’
s
contribution
to
computing
laid
the
groundwork
for
modern
programming
.
•
Regular
exercise
makes
a
huge
contribution
to
good
mental
health
.
Regular
exercise
makes
a
huge
contribution
to
good
mental
health
.
noun
A
piece
of
writing
,
artwork
,
or
other
material
that
someone
sends
to
be
published
or
included
in
a
collection
,
meeting
,
or
event
.
•
Her
short
story
was
accepted
as
a
contribution
to
the
school
magazine
.
Her
short
story
was
accepted
as
a
contribution
to
the
school
magazine
.
•
The
artist
’
s
only
contribution
to
the
exhibition
was
a
vivid
watercolor
of
the
harbor
.
The
artist
’
s
only
contribution
to
the
exhibition
was
a
vivid
watercolor
of
the
harbor
.
noun
A
regular
payment
you
must
make
to
a
government
or
official
fund
,
especially
for
social
security
,
pension
,
or
insurance
.
•
Employees
’
National
Insurance
contribution
rates
rose
this
year
.
Employees
’
National
Insurance
contribution
rates
rose
this
year
.
•
Her
pension
contribution
is
automatically
taken
from
her
salary
each
month
.
Her
pension
contribution
is
automatically
taken
from
her
salary
each
month
.
convince
verb
-
convince
,
convincing
,
convinces
,
convinced
to
make
someone
accept
that
something
is
true
or
real
•
The
scientist
presented
clear
evidence
to
convince
the
audience
that
the
theory
was
correct
.
The
scientist
presented
clear
evidence
to
convince
the
audience
that
the
theory
was
correct
.
•
Her
honest
smile
finally
convinced
him
of
her
sincerity
.
Her
honest
smile
finally
convinced
him
of
her
sincerity
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Latin
“
convincere
,”
meaning
“
to
overcome
decisively
,
prove
,”
from
com-
“
together
”
+
vincere
“
to
conquer
.”
verb
-
convince
,
convincing
,
convinces
,
convinced
to
persuade
someone
to
do
something
by
giving
good
reasons
•
I
finally
convince
my
brother
to
try
sushi
for
the
first
time
.
I
finally
convince
my
brother
to
try
sushi
for
the
first
time
.
•
The
coach
convinced
the
team
to
arrive
an
hour
early
for
extra
practice
.
The
coach
convinced
the
team
to
arrive
an
hour
early
for
extra
practice
.
Borrowed
into
Middle
English
from
Latin
“
convincere
,”
meaning
“
to
overcome
decisively
,
prove
,”
from
com-
“
together
”
+
vincere
“
to
conquer
.”
contrast
noun
a
clear
or
obvious
difference
between
two
or
more
people
,
things
,
or
situations
when
they
are
compared
•
There
was
a
sharp
contrast
between
the
bright
flowers
and
the
dark
,
stormy
sky
.
There
was
a
sharp
contrast
between
the
bright
flowers
and
the
dark
,
stormy
sky
.
•
The
peaceful
village
offered
a
pleasant
contrast
to
the
noisy
city
streets
we
had
just
left
.
The
peaceful
village
offered
a
pleasant
contrast
to
the
noisy
city
streets
we
had
just
left
.
From
Latin
‘
contrastare
’
meaning
‘
to
stand
against
’.
verb
to
compare
two
or
more
things
in
order
to
show
their
differences
,
or
to
be
strikingly
different
from
something
nearby
•
The
author
contrasts
the
hero
’
s
kindness
with
the
villain
’
s
cruelty
.
The
author
contrasts
the
hero
’
s
kindness
with
the
villain
’
s
cruelty
.
•
The
bright
red
scarf
contrasts
sharply
with
her
black
coat
.
The
bright
red
scarf
contrasts
sharply
with
her
black
coat
.
From
Latin
‘
contrastare
’,
literally
‘
to
stand
against
’.
The
stress
shifted
in
English
to
mark
the
verb
form
.
noun
the
degree
of
difference
between
the
darkest
and
lightest
parts
of
an
image
,
screen
,
or
scan
•
She
increased
the
photo
’
s
contrast
to
make
the
shadows
look
deeper
.
She
increased
the
photo
’
s
contrast
to
make
the
shadows
look
deeper
.
•
The
doctor
raised
the
CT
scan
’
s
contrast
so
the
organs
would
appear
more
clearly
.
The
doctor
raised
the
CT
scan
’
s
contrast
so
the
organs
would
appear
more
clearly
.
Adopted
in
photography
and
imaging
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
general
sense
of
‘
difference
’.
consistent
adjective
always
doing
things
in
the
same
way
or
keeping
the
same
level
of
quality
so
people
can
rely
on
what
will
happen
•
Maria
is
a
consistent
student
;
she
studies
two
hours
every
evening
.
Maria
is
a
consistent
student
;
she
studies
two
hours
every
evening
.
•
The
team
needs
consistent
effort
to
win
the
championship
.
The
team
needs
consistent
effort
to
win
the
championship
.
adjective
in
agreement
with
something
else
,
so
that
the
two
things
can
both
be
true
at
the
same
time
•
Her
story
was
consistent with
the
facts
the
police
had
discovered
.
Her
story
was
consistent with
the
facts
the
police
had
discovered
.
•
These
results
are
consistent with
previous
experiments
.
These
results
are
consistent with
previous
experiments
.
adjective
having
a
uniform
thickness
or
texture
everywhere
,
without
lumps
or
sudden
changes
•
Stir
the
sauce
until
it
becomes
smooth
and
consistent
.
Stir
the
sauce
until
it
becomes
smooth
and
consistent
.
•
She
mixed
the
paint
to
a
consistent
texture
before
starting
.
She
mixed
the
paint
to
a
consistent
texture
before
starting
.
consist
verb
to
be
made
up
of
particular
parts
or
things
,
usually
used
with
the
preposition
“
of
”
•
The
gift
basket
consists of
fresh
fruit
,
cheese
,
and
a
small
bottle
of
wine
.
The
gift
basket
consists of
fresh
fruit
,
cheese
,
and
a
small
bottle
of
wine
.
•
A
year
consists of
twelve
months
.
A
year
consists of
twelve
months
.
From
Latin
"
consistere
"
meaning
"
to
stand
firm
,
be
composed
of
"
verb
to
have
something
as
the
most
important
or
essential
part
,
quality
,
or
element
,
usually
used
with
the
preposition
“
in
”
•
True
happiness
consists in
helping
others
.
True
happiness
consists in
helping
others
.
•
The
beauty
of
the
painting
consists in
its
vibrant
colors
.
The
beauty
of
the
painting
consists in
its
vibrant
colors
.
Same
Latin
root
as
the
primary
sense
,
later
specialized
in
philosophical
and
formal
writing
.
verb
(
formal
,
now
rare
)
to
be
in
agreement
or
harmony
with
something
,
used
with
the
preposition
“
with
”
•
The
facts
of
the
case
do
not
consist with
her
testimony
.
The
facts
of
the
case
do
not
consist with
her
testimony
.
•
Such
behavior
hardly
consists with
the
company
’
s
values
.
Such
behavior
hardly
consists with
the
company
’
s
values
.
Older
legal
and
philosophical
usage
extending
the
idea
of
parts
fitting
together
to
ideas
and
facts
matching
.
contemporary
adjective
existing
or
happening
in
the
same
time
period
as
another
person
or
thing
•
We
compared
contemporary
accounts
of
the
ancient
battle
written
by
different
historians
.
We
compared
contemporary
accounts
of
the
ancient
battle
written
by
different
historians
.
•
Her
research
focuses
on
contemporary
newspapers
published
during
the
revolution
.
Her
research
focuses
on
contemporary
newspapers
published
during
the
revolution
.
adjective
modern
;
belonging
to
the
present
time
•
The
building's
contemporary
design
features
glass
walls
and
open
spaces
.
The
building's
contemporary
design
features
glass
walls
and
open
spaces
.
•
She
prefers
contemporary
music
to
classical
pieces
.
She
prefers
contemporary
music
to
classical
pieces
.
noun
-
contemporary
,
contemporaries
a
person
who
lives
in
or
belongs
to
the
same
time
period
as
someone
else
•
Picasso
was
a
contemporary
of
Henri
Matisse
.
Picasso
was
a
contemporary
of
Henri
Matisse
.
•
Unlike
many
of
his
contemporaries
,
he
embraced
new
technology
.
Unlike
many
of
his
contemporaries
,
he
embraced
new
technology
.
constant
adjective
happening
or
existing
all
the
time
without
stopping
•
The
city
traffic
creates
a
constant
hum
outside
our
window
.
The
city
traffic
creates
a
constant
hum
outside
our
window
.
•
During
exam
week
,
students
feel
under
constant
pressure
to
study
.
During
exam
week
,
students
feel
under
constant
pressure
to
study
.
adjective
staying
the
same
and
not
changing
over
time
•
The
refrigerator
keeps
a
constant
temperature
to
protect
the
food
.
The
refrigerator
keeps
a
constant
temperature
to
protect
the
food
.
•
They
walked
at
a
constant
pace
for
the
whole
hour
.
They
walked
at
a
constant
pace
for
the
whole
hour
.
adjective
showing
loyalty
or
affection
that
does
not
weaken
•
Throughout
the
years
,
he
remained
a
constant
friend
.
Throughout
the
years
,
he
remained
a
constant
friend
.
•
Her
constant
support
helped
me
finish
the
marathon
.
Her
constant
support
helped
me
finish
the
marathon
.
noun
a
number
or
value
that
does
not
change
in
a
particular
situation
,
especially
in
mathematics
or
science
•
In
the
equation
y
=
2x
+
5
,
the
number
5
is
a
constant
.
In
the
equation
y
=
2x
+
5
,
the
number
5
is
a
constant
.
•
The
speed
of
light
is
a
physical
constant
valued
at
about
299
,
792
km
per
second
.
The
speed
of
light
is
a
physical
constant
valued
at
about
299
,
792
km
per
second
.
from
Latin
constans
“
standing
firm
,
unchanging
,”
present
participle
of
constare
“
to
stand
together
,
be
fixed
”
constantly
adverb
happening
very
often
or
on
many
separate
occasions
•
She
constantly
checks
her
phone
for
messages
.
She
constantly
checks
her
phone
for
messages
.
•
My
little
brother
constantly
asks
questions
about
everything
.
My
little
brother
constantly
asks
questions
about
everything
.
From
constant
+
-ly
; "
constant
"
ultimately
traces
back
to
Latin
constans
meaning
"
steadfast
".
adverb
happening
without
any
interruption
;
continuously
•
Water
flowed
constantly
from
the
broken
pipe
in
the
basement
.
Water
flowed
constantly
from
the
broken
pipe
in
the
basement
.
•
The
machines
in
the
factory
run
constantly
day
and
night
.
The
machines
in
the
factory
run
constantly
day
and
night
.
From
constant
+
-ly
; "
constant
"
ultimately
comes
from
Latin
constare
"
to
stand
firm
".
congressional
adjective
connected
with
a
congress
,
especially
the
United
States
Congress
•
The
televised
congressional
hearing
lasted
for
hours
.
The
televised
congressional
hearing
lasted
for
hours
.
•
Maria
volunteered
to
help
with
the
upcoming
congressional
election
.
Maria
volunteered
to
help
with
the
upcoming
congressional
election
.
From
congress
+
-ional
,
first
recorded
in
the
mid-19th
century
to
describe
matters
pertaining
to
the
United
States
Congress
.
consideration
noun
-
consideration
the
act
of
thinking
carefully
about
something
before
deciding
or
judging
•
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
After
long
consideration
,
she
accepted
the
job
offer
.
•
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
The
proposal
is
still
under
consideration
by
the
committee
.
From
Latin
“
consideratio
”
meaning
‘
examination
’
or
‘
thought
’.
noun
a
fact
or
detail
that
you
must
think
about
when
deciding
something
•
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
Cost
is
an
important
consideration
when
choosing
a
hotel
.
•
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
Safety
considerations
led
them
to
cancel
the
hike
.
noun
-
consideration
kind
behaviour
that
shows
you
care
about
other
people's
feelings
and
needs
•
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
She
showed
great
consideration
by
turning
down
the
music
.
•
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
Please
have
consideration
for
elderly
passengers
and
give
them
your
seat
.
noun
-
consideration
something
of
value
given
by
each
party
in
a
contract
that
makes
the
agreement
legally
binding
•
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
The
buyer's
payment
served
as
consideration
for
the
seller's
promise
.
•
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
Without
consideration
,
a
contract
may
be
unenforceable
.
construct
verb
to
build
something
large
or
complex
by
putting
parts
together
•
A
team
of
workers
construct
a
new
playground
beside
the
school
.
A
team
of
workers
construct
a
new
playground
beside
the
school
.
•
The
company
constructed
a
high-speed
railway
through
the
mountains
.
The
company
constructed
a
high-speed
railway
through
the
mountains
.
From
Latin
"
constructus
",
past
participle
of
"
construere
"
meaning
“
to
pile
up
,
build
”.
verb
to
carefully
form
an
idea
,
sentence
,
or
argument
by
arranging
parts
in
order
•
In
her
essay
,
the
student
carefully
constructs
an
argument
for
renewable
energy
.
In
her
essay
,
the
student
carefully
constructs
an
argument
for
renewable
energy
.
•
The
novelist
constructed
an
intricate
plot
that
kept
readers
guessing
.
The
novelist
constructed
an
intricate
plot
that
kept
readers
guessing
.
Extended
figurative
sense
of
physical
"
construct
"
recorded
in
the
18th
century
,
applying
building
imagery
to
ideas
.
noun
a
building
or
other
large
structure
that
has
been
built
•
The
bridge
is
an
impressive
construct
of
steel
and
concrete
.
The
bridge
is
an
impressive
construct
of
steel
and
concrete
.
•
From
the
hilltop
,
the
ancient
stone
construct
dominates
the
valley
below
.
From
the
hilltop
,
the
ancient
stone
construct
dominates
the
valley
below
.
Nominal
use
of
the
verb
,
attested
in
the
early
19th
century
in
engineering
writings
.
noun
an
idea
,
theory
,
or
concept
created
in
the
mind
by
combining
different
elements
•
Freedom
is
a
complex
social
construct
that
means
different
things
to
different
people
.
Freedom
is
a
complex
social
construct
that
means
different
things
to
different
people
.
•
The
psychologist
explained
the
mental
construct
of
self-esteem
.
The
psychologist
explained
the
mental
construct
of
self-esteem
.
Sense
developed
in
late
19th-century
psychology
,
extending
the
idea
of
‘
built
’
objects
to
‘
built
’
ideas
.
constitutional
noun
a
short
walk
taken
regularly
for
exercise
and
fresh
air
.
•
Every
morning
,
the
elderly
man
took
his
constitutional
along
the
river
.
Every
morning
,
the
elderly
man
took
his
constitutional
along
the
river
.
•
Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
constitutional
before
lunch
?
Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
constitutional
before
lunch
?
19th-century
humorous
use
of
the
adjective
to
mean
a
walk
that
benefits
one
’
s
constitution
(
health
).
adjective
relating
to
or
allowed
by
a
country
’
s
constitution
,
especially
its
basic
laws
and
citizens
’
rights
.
•
The
Supreme
Court
ruled
that
the
new
law
was
constitutional
.
The
Supreme
Court
ruled
that
the
new
law
was
constitutional
.
•
Thousands
of
protesters
filled
the
central
square
,
chanting
for
constitutional
reforms
.
Thousands
of
protesters
filled
the
central
square
,
chanting
for
constitutional
reforms
.
From
constitution
+
-al
,
first
recorded
in
the
17th
century
referring
to
the
nature
of
a
system
of
government
.
adjective
relating
to
a
person
’
s
natural
physical
condition
and
health
.
•
After
months
of
rest
,
his
constitutional
strength
improved
.
After
months
of
rest
,
his
constitutional
strength
improved
.
•
Some
people
have
a
constitutional
resistance
to
cold
weather
.
Some
people
have
a
constitutional
resistance
to
cold
weather
.
Used
since
the
early
18th
century
to
describe
bodily
health
,
from
constitution
meaning
the
makeup
of
the
body
.
confront
verb
to
face
a
person
or
difficult
situation
directly
and
boldly
,
instead
of
avoiding
it
•
After
the
meeting
,
Maria
confronted
her
manager
about
the
unfair
schedule
.
After
the
meeting
,
Maria
confronted
her
manager
about
the
unfair
schedule
.
•
The
protestors
confronted
the
mayor
outside
city
hall
.
The
protestors
confronted
the
mayor
outside
city
hall
.
verb
if
a
problem
,
fact
,
or
situation
confronts
you
,
it
is
in
front
of
you
and
demands
your
attention
•
Serious
financial
problems
confronted
the
small
bookstore
during
the
pandemic
.
Serious
financial
problems
confronted
the
small
bookstore
during
the
pandemic
.
•
An
ethical
dilemma
confronts
every
doctor
in
emergencies
.
An
ethical
dilemma
confronts
every
doctor
in
emergencies
.
concert
noun
a
public
performance
of
music
by
singers
or
musicians
,
usually
watched
by
an
audience
•
We
bought
tickets
to
see
our
favourite
band
at
the
concert
next
Saturday
.
We
bought
tickets
to
see
our
favourite
band
at
the
concert
next
Saturday
.
•
The
school
orchestra
gave
a
lively
concert
in
the
gym
.
The
school
orchestra
gave
a
lively
concert
in
the
gym
.
Late
16th
century
:
from
French
concert
,
from
Italian
concerto
‘
harmony
,
concert
’,
from
concertare
‘
bring
into
agreement
’.
noun
-
concert
formal
:
agreement
or
harmony
in
action
,
feeling
,
or
effect
between
people
or
things
•
The
two
detectives
worked
in
concert
to
solve
the
complicated
case
.
The
two
detectives
worked
in
concert
to
solve
the
complicated
case
.
•
Parents
acted
in
concert
with
teachers
to
improve
the
school
’
s
playground
.
Parents
acted
in
concert
with
teachers
to
improve
the
school
’
s
playground
.
Same
origin
as
musical
sense
,
extended
to
mean
‘
bringing
into
harmony
’.
verb
formal
:
to
plan
or
arrange
something
together
with
other
people
•
The
managers
concerted
a
detailed
schedule
before
the
festival
started
.
The
managers
concerted
a
detailed
schedule
before
the
festival
started
.
•
We
must
concert
our
efforts
if
we
want
the
charity
run
to
succeed
.
We
must
concert
our
efforts
if
we
want
the
charity
run
to
succeed
.
Early
17th
century
:
from
French
concerter
or
Italian
concertare
‘
bring
into
agreement
’.
concentration
noun
the
ability
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
thought
,
activity
,
or
object
without
being
distracted
•
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
’
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
The
library
was
so
quiet
that
Anna
’
s
concentration
stayed
strong
for
hours
.
•
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
Playing
chess
requires
intense
concentration
on
every
possible
move
.
from
Latin
‘
concentrare
’
meaning
‘
to
bring
to
the
centre
’,
later
used
figuratively
for
mental
focus
noun
the
amount
of
a
substance
present
in
a
mixture
or
solution
compared
with
the
total
amount
of
the
mixture
or
solution
•
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
A
high
salt
concentration
makes
seawater
unsafe
to
drink
.
•
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
The
scientist
measured
the
glucose
concentration
in
each
blood
sample
.
extended
scientific
use
from
sense
of
‘
bringing
substances
together
’
in
the
19th
century
noun
a
large
number
or
amount
of
people
or
things
gathered
in
one
place
•
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
There
is
a
heavy
concentration
of
restaurants
in
the
city
center
.
•
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
The
hurricane
brought
a
dangerous
concentration
of
debris
to
the
shoreline
.
sense
of
‘
gathering
together
’
appeared
in
English
in
the
17th
century
noun
the
act
of
making
a
liquid
or
substance
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
diluting
material
•
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
Fruit
juice
undergoes
concentration
before
it
is
shipped
and
later
diluted
.
•
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
Desalination
plants
use
evaporation
for
the
concentration
of
brine
.
derived
from
earlier
sense
of
‘
bringing
together
’
applied
to
liquids
in
the
mid-19th
century
confident
adjective
sure
of
your
own
abilities
,
qualities
,
or
decisions
and
not
shy
or
nervous
.
•
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
looking
confident
and
calm
.
Maria
walked
onto
the
stage
looking
confident
and
calm
.
•
The
coach
told
the
team
to
be
confident
and
play
their
best
.
The
coach
told
the
team
to
be
confident
and
play
their
best
.
from
Latin
"
confidēns
,
confident-
"
present
participle
of
"
confidere
"
meaning
"
to
trust
entirely
"
adjective
certain
that
something
is
true
or
will
happen
.
•
I
am
confident
that
the
sun
will
come
out
after
the
storm
.
I
am
confident
that
the
sun
will
come
out
after
the
storm
.
•
Scientists
are
confident
the
new
vaccine
will
work
.
Scientists
are
confident
the
new
vaccine
will
work
.
from
Latin
"
confidēns
,
confident-
"
present
participle
of
"
confidere
"
meaning
"
to
trust
entirely
"
contest
noun
an
organized
event
in
which
people
or
teams
compete
to
win
a
prize
or
recognition
•
Maria
won
the
school
spelling
contest
last
Friday
.
Maria
won
the
school
spelling
contest
last
Friday
.
•
Hundreds
of
photographers
entered
the
wildlife
photo
contest
.
Hundreds
of
photographers
entered
the
wildlife
photo
contest
.
Borrowed
in
Middle
English
from
Old
French
"
conteste
"
and
Latin
"
contestari
"
meaning
“
to
call
to
witness
.”
noun
a
struggle
or
competition
for
power
,
control
,
or
victory
between
opposing
sides
•
The
election
turned
into
a
fierce
contest
between
two
very
different
visions
for
the
country
.
The
election
turned
into
a
fierce
contest
between
two
very
different
visions
for
the
country
.
•
There
is
an
ongoing
contest
for
influence
in
the
region
between
the
two
superpowers
.
There
is
an
ongoing
contest
for
influence
in
the
region
between
the
two
superpowers
.
Extension
of
the
idea
of
a
formal
competition
to
broader
struggles
for
dominance
in
the
17th
century
.
verb
-
contest
,
contesting
,
contests
,
contested
to
formally
challenge
,
oppose
,
or
dispute
something
to
show
that
you
think
it
is
wrong
or
unfair
•
They
decided
to
contest
the
parking
ticket
in
court
.
They
decided
to
contest
the
parking
ticket
in
court
.
•
The
athlete
plans
to
contest
the
suspension
,
claiming
there
was
a
testing
error
.
The
athlete
plans
to
contest
the
suspension
,
claiming
there
was
a
testing
error
.
From
Latin
"
contestari
"
meaning
“
to
call
upon
as
witnesses
,”
evolving
in
English
to
signify
challenging
a
decision
in
the
15th
century
.
concentrate
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
give
all
your
attention
to
one
subject
or
activity
•
Please
concentrate
on
the
road
while
you
are
driving
.
Please
concentrate
on
the
road
while
you
are
driving
.
•
I
can
’
t
concentrate
with
the
television
blaring
in
the
background
.
I
can
’
t
concentrate
with
the
television
blaring
in
the
background
.
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
make
a
liquid
or
substance
thicker
or
stronger
by
removing
water
or
other
elements
•
Boil
the
soup
for
ten
minutes
to
concentrate
its
flavor
.
Boil
the
soup
for
ten
minutes
to
concentrate
its
flavor
.
•
The
factory
concentrates
orange
juice
before
shipping
it
overseas
.
The
factory
concentrates
orange
juice
before
shipping
it
overseas
.
verb
-
concentrate
,
concentrating
,
concentrates
,
concentrated
to
come
together
,
or
cause
people
or
things
to
come
together
,
in
a
particular
place
•
Protesters
began
to
concentrate
outside
the
city
hall
.
Protesters
began
to
concentrate
outside
the
city
hall
.
•
We
should
concentrate
our
forces
near
the
bridge
.
We
should
concentrate
our
forces
near
the
bridge
.
noun
a
thick
or
strong
form
of
a
substance
,
especially
food
or
drink
,
made
by
removing
water
•
Mix
one
part
fruit
concentrate
with
three
parts
water
to
make
juice
.
Mix
one
part
fruit
concentrate
with
three
parts
water
to
make
juice
.
•
She
bought
tomato
concentrate
to
thicken
the
sauce
.
She
bought
tomato
concentrate
to
thicken
the
sauce
.
noun
the
valuable
material
that
remains
after
unwanted
rock
has
been
removed
from
mined
ore
•
The
copper
concentrate
was
shipped
overseas
for
smelting
.
The
copper
concentrate
was
shipped
overseas
for
smelting
.
•
After
processing
,
the
ore
yielded
a
gold
concentrate
ready
for
refining
.
After
processing
,
the
ore
yielded
a
gold
concentrate
ready
for
refining
.
consume
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
eat
or
drink
something
•
After
the
marathon
,
the
runners
quickly
consumed
bottles
of
water
.
After
the
marathon
,
the
runners
quickly
consumed
bottles
of
water
.
•
At
breakfast
,
the
child
happily
consumed
a
stack
of
pancakes
.
At
breakfast
,
the
child
happily
consumed
a
stack
of
pancakes
.
From
Latin
consumere
“
to
use
up
,
eat
,
waste
,”
from
con-
“
completely
”
+
sumere
“
take
.”
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
use
time
,
energy
,
fuel
,
or
another
resource
so
there
is
less
of
it
left
•
Streaming
movies
can
consume
a
lot
of
data
on
your
phone
plan
.
Streaming
movies
can
consume
a
lot
of
data
on
your
phone
plan
.
•
The
repair
project
consumed
three
hours
of
our
afternoon
.
The
repair
project
consumed
three
hours
of
our
afternoon
.
Same
Latin
origin
as
Sense
1
;
extended
meaning
of
‘
use
up
’
developed
in
the
1400s
.
verb
-
consume
,
consuming
,
consumes
,
consumed
to
completely
fill
someone
’
s
mind
or
feelings
so
they
cannot
think
about
anything
else
•
He
was
consumed
with
guilt
after
lying
to
his
friend
.
He
was
consumed
with
guilt
after
lying
to
his
friend
.
•
Jealousy
consumed
her
whenever
she
saw
them
together
.
Jealousy
consumed
her
whenever
she
saw
them
together
.
Figurative
sense
appears
in
the
1600s
,
using
the
idea
of
being
‘
eaten
up
’
by
emotion
.
convert
verb
to
change
something
into
a
different
form
,
purpose
,
system
,
or
type
.
•
We
decided
to
convert
the
old
barn
into
a
guesthouse
.
We
decided
to
convert
the
old
barn
into
a
guesthouse
.
•
You
can
convert
dollars
to
euros
at
the
airport
exchange
counter
.
You
can
convert
dollars
to
euros
at
the
airport
exchange
counter
.
From
Latin
‘
convertere
’
meaning
‘
to
turn
around
or
transform
’.
verb
to
change
your
religion
,
beliefs
,
or
persuade
someone
else
to
change
theirs
.
•
After
years
of
study
,
he
converted
to
Buddhism
.
After
years
of
study
,
he
converted
to
Buddhism
.
•
Missionaries
hoped
to
convert
the
local
tribes
.
Missionaries
hoped
to
convert
the
local
tribes
.
Religious
sense
recorded
in
English
since
the
14th
century
,
influenced
by
Latin
‘
convertere
’.
noun
a
person
who
has
changed
their
religion
,
beliefs
,
or
opinions
.
•
As
a
recent
convert
,
Maria
is
still
learning
about
her
new
faith
.
As
a
recent
convert
,
Maria
is
still
learning
about
her
new
faith
.
•
Political
converts
are
often
the
most
passionate
supporters
.
Political
converts
are
often
the
most
passionate
supporters
.
Noun
sense
from
Late
Latin
‘
conversus
’,
meaning
‘
one
converted
’.
verb
in
sports
,
to
successfully
turn
a
scoring
opportunity
such
as
a
penalty
,
free
throw
,
or
kick
into
points
.
•
The
striker
converted
the
penalty
in
the
final
minute
.
The
striker
converted
the
penalty
in
the
final
minute
.
•
She
confidently
converts
free
throws
under
pressure
.
She
confidently
converts
free
throws
under
pressure
.
Sports
sense
developed
in
the
late
19th
century
from
the
idea
of
‘
changing
an
attempt
into
points
’.
congressman
noun
-
congressman
,
congressmen
a
man
(
or
sometimes
any
member
)
elected
to
the
U
.
S
.
House
of
Representatives
•
The
congressman
spoke
at
the
town
hall
about
the
new
education
bill
.
The
congressman
spoke
at
the
town
hall
about
the
new
education
bill
.
•
After
winning
the
election
,
he
was
sworn
in
as
a
congressman
in
Washington
,
D
.
C
.
After
winning
the
election
,
he
was
sworn
in
as
a
congressman
in
Washington
,
D
.
C
.
coined
in
the
United
States
in
the
early
19th
century
from
congress
+
-man
,
modeled
after
earlier
terms
like
"
assemblyman
"
conventional
adjective
following
the
usual
way
of
doing
something
that
most
people
accept
or
expect
•
They
chose
a
conventional
white
wedding
in
their
hometown
church
.
They
chose
a
conventional
white
wedding
in
their
hometown
church
.
•
The
scientist
challenged
conventional
thinking
with
her
bold
new
theory
.
The
scientist
challenged
conventional
thinking
with
her
bold
new
theory
.
From
convention
+
–al
,
dating
to
the
mid-18th
century
,
meaning
‘
based
on
common
agreement
or
custom
’.
adjective
describing
weapons
or
warfare
that
use
ordinary
explosives
rather
than
nuclear
,
chemical
,
or
biological
agents
•
The
treaty
bans
nuclear
weapons
but
allows
conventional
arms
.
The
treaty
bans
nuclear
weapons
but
allows
conventional
arms
.
•
During
the
parade
,
soldiers
displayed
their
conventional
rifles
.
During
the
parade
,
soldiers
displayed
their
conventional
rifles
.
Specialized
military
sense
arose
in
the
mid-20th
century
during
debates
on
nuclear
deterrence
.
consumption
noun
the
act
of
using
,
eating
,
or
drinking
something
until
it
is
gone
•
The
country's
consumption
of
electricity
rises
sharply
during
summer
heatwaves
.
The
country's
consumption
of
electricity
rises
sharply
during
summer
heatwaves
.
•
Too
much
sugar
consumption
can
harm
your
teeth
.
Too
much
sugar
consumption
can
harm
your
teeth
.
From
Latin
consummātiōnem
“
using
up
,
completion
”,
later
used
in
English
for
the
act
of
using
goods
.
noun
the
amount
of
something
that
is
used
or
eaten
•
New
engines
cut
fuel
consumption
by
20
percent
.
New
engines
cut
fuel
consumption
by
20
percent
.
•
You
can
check
your
phone's
data
consumption
in
the
settings
menu
.
You
can
check
your
phone's
data
consumption
in
the
settings
menu
.
noun
(
dated
)
tuberculosis
,
a
serious
disease
that
mainly
affects
the
lungs
•
In
the
1800s
,
many
famous
poets
died
of
consumption
.
In
the
1800s
,
many
famous
poets
died
of
consumption
.
•
Modern
antibiotics
can
cure
consumption
,
now
called
tuberculosis
.
Modern
antibiotics
can
cure
consumption
,
now
called
tuberculosis
.
The
medical
sense
comes
from
the
idea
of
the
disease
"
consuming
"
the
body's
flesh
,
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
.
consultant
noun
a
person
whose
job
is
to
give
expert
advice
to
people
or
organizations
,
usually
for
a
fee
•
The
company
hired
a
consultant
to
improve
its
online
marketing
strategy
.
The
company
hired
a
consultant
to
improve
its
online
marketing
strategy
.
•
As
an
independent
consultant
,
he
travels
to
factories
around
the
country
to
advise
on
safety
.
As
an
independent
consultant
,
he
travels
to
factories
around
the
country
to
advise
on
safety
.
From
Latin
consultare
meaning
“
to
deliberate
”
via
French
consultant
,
entering
English
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
someone
who
is
consulted
for
advice
.
noun
a
senior
hospital
doctor
who
has
completed
all
specialist
training
and
is
responsible
for
patients
and
junior
doctors
•
After
the
operation
,
the
consultant
visited
the
ward
to
check
on
each
patient
.
After
the
operation
,
the
consultant
visited
the
ward
to
check
on
each
patient
.
•
The
junior
doctor
asked
the
consultant
for
advice
about
the
unusual
symptoms
.
The
junior
doctor
asked
the
consultant
for
advice
about
the
unusual
symptoms
.
Sense
developed
in
British
English
in
the
late
19th
century
as
hospital
structures
formalised
,
reserving
the
title
for
fully
qualified
specialists
who
could
be
“
consulted
”
on
difficult
cases
.
constitute
verb
-
constitute
,
constituting
,
constitutes
,
constituted
to
make
up
or
form
something
by
combining
parts
•
Twelve
months
constitute
a
year
.
Twelve
months
constitute
a
year
.
•
Women
now
constitute
a
large
share
of
the
nation
’
s
workforce
.
Women
now
constitute
a
large
share
of
the
nation
’
s
workforce
.
From
Latin
“
constitūtus
,”
past
participle
of
“
constituere
”
meaning
“
to
set
up
,
establish
,
put
together
.”
verb
-
constitute
,
constituting
,
constitutes
,
constituted
to
officially
create
or
set
up
a
group
,
body
,
or
authority
•
The
government
will
constitute
a
panel
to
investigate
the
accident
.
The
government
will
constitute
a
panel
to
investigate
the
accident
.
•
A
committee
was
constituted
to
review
the
policy
.
A
committee
was
constituted
to
review
the
policy
.
verb
-
constitute
,
constituting
,
constitutes
,
constituted
to
be
or
be
considered
as
something
;
amount
to
•
Failing
to
pay
taxes
can
constitute
a
crime
.
Failing
to
pay
taxes
can
constitute
a
crime
.
•
These
rumors
do
not
constitute
evidence
.
These
rumors
do
not
constitute
evidence
.
confuse
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
make
a
person
unable
to
think
clearly
or
understand
something
•
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
The
complicated
instructions
confused
Maria
,
so
she
asked
for
help
.
•
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
Too
many
pop-up
windows
on
the
screen
can
confuse
users
.
From
Latin
‘
confūsus
’,
past
participle
of
‘
confundere
’
meaning
‘
to
pour
together
,
mingle
,
confuse
’.
verb
-
confuse
,
confusing
,
confuses
,
confused
to
mistake
one
person
or
thing
for
another
;
mix
up
in
your
mind
•
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
I
always
confuse
his
twin
sons
because
they
look
so
alike
.
•
Some
students
confuse
‘
affect
’
and
‘
effect
’
in
their
essays
.
Some
students
confuse
‘
affect
’
and
‘
effect
’
in
their
essays
.
Same
origin
as
other
sense
:
Latin
‘
confundere
’, ‘
to
pour
together
’.
controversy
noun
-
controversy
,
controversies
public
disagreement
or
heated
discussion
about
something
that
people
strongly
disagree
on
or
disapprove
of
•
The
company
’
s
new
commercial
sparked
a
controversy
over
gender
stereotypes
.
The
company
’
s
new
commercial
sparked
a
controversy
over
gender
stereotypes
.
•
Inviting
the
polarizing
speaker
caused
a
huge
controversy
on
campus
.
Inviting
the
polarizing
speaker
caused
a
huge
controversy
on
campus
.
late
Middle
English
,
from
Latin
controversia
‘
turned
against
,
disputed
’,
from
controversus
(
from
contra
‘
against
’
+
versus
‘
turned
’).
noun
-
controversy
,
controversies
in
U
.
S
.
law
,
a
real
dispute
between
opposing
parties
that
a
court
has
authority
to
decide
•
The
Supreme
Court
refused
to
hear
the
case
because
there
was
no
live
controversy
.
The
Supreme
Court
refused
to
hear
the
case
because
there
was
no
live
controversy
.
•
For
federal
jurisdiction
,
the
plaintiff
must
show
an
actual
controversy
with
the
defendant
.
For
federal
jurisdiction
,
the
plaintiff
must
show
an
actual
controversy
with
the
defendant
.
Same
origin
as
the
general
sense
;
adopted
into
U
.
S
.
constitutional
language
in
the
late
18th
century
.
controversial
adjective
causing
a
lot
of
disagreement
,
discussion
,
or
argument
because
many
people
have
strong
but
differing
opinions
about
it
•
The
government's
controversial
policy
sparked
nationwide
protests
.
The
government's
controversial
policy
sparked
nationwide
protests
.
•
Many
parents
found
the
new
textbook
controversial
because
it
challenged
traditional
views
.
Many
parents
found
the
new
textbook
controversial
because
it
challenged
traditional
views
.
From
Latin
controversus
(
turned
against
,
disputed
)
+
‑ial
,
entering
English
in
the
17th
century
to
describe
topics
that
stir
public
debate
.
conviction
noun
a
strong
and
firmly
held
belief
or
opinion
•
Maya
spoke
with
deep
conviction
about
protecting
the
rainforest
.
Maya
spoke
with
deep
conviction
about
protecting
the
rainforest
.
•
The
activist
’
s
unwavering
conviction
inspired
the
crowd
to
join
the
march
.
The
activist
’
s
unwavering
conviction
inspired
the
crowd
to
join
the
march
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
conviction
,
from
Latin
convictiō
‘
proof
,
refutation
’,
from
convincere
‘
to
convince
’.
noun
the
formal
decision
in
a
court
that
someone
is
guilty
of
a
crime
•
After
a
tense
trial
,
the
jury
returned
a
conviction
for
fraud
.
After
a
tense
trial
,
the
jury
returned
a
conviction
for
fraud
.
•
Because
of
her
earlier
conviction
,
she
struggled
to
find
employment
.
Because
of
her
earlier
conviction
,
she
struggled
to
find
employment
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Old
French
conviction
,
from
Latin
convictiō
‘
proof
,
refutation
’,
from
convincere
‘
to
convict
’.
consciousness
noun
-
consciousness
,
consciousnesses
the
state
of
being
awake
and
able
to
see
,
hear
,
feel
,
and
think
•
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
slowly
regained
consciousness
on
the
hospital
bed
.
After
the
accident
,
the
patient
slowly
regained
consciousness
on
the
hospital
bed
.
•
The
boxer
lost
consciousness
briefly
after
the
powerful
punch
.
The
boxer
lost
consciousness
briefly
after
the
powerful
punch
.
consensus
noun
-
consensus
,
consensuses
general
agreement
among
most
or
all
people
in
a
group
about
something
•
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
committee
finally
reached
a
consensus
on
the
budget
.
After
hours
of
discussion
,
the
committee
finally
reached
a
consensus
on
the
budget
.
•
There
is
a
broad
scientific
consensus
that
climate
change
is
real
.
There
is
a
broad
scientific
consensus
that
climate
change
is
real
.
Mid-19th
century
Latin
,
from
concilium
‘
agreement
’
via
consensus
‘
agreement
,
accord
’.
considerable
adjective
large
in
amount
,
size
,
or
degree
•
The
project
will
require
a
considerable
amount
of
time
and
money
.
The
project
will
require
a
considerable
amount
of
time
and
money
.
•
She
showed
considerable
skill
in
fixing
the
old
computer
.
She
showed
considerable
skill
in
fixing
the
old
computer
.
From
Middle
English
considerable
(“
worthy
of
consideration
”),
from
consider
+
-able
,
first
attested
in
the
15th
century
.
adjective
important
enough
to
deserve
attention
or
respect
•
The
professor
is
a
scholar
of
considerable
reputation
in
the
field
of
linguistics
.
The
professor
is
a
scholar
of
considerable
reputation
in
the
field
of
linguistics
.
•
Winning
the
prize
was
a
considerable
honor
for
the
young
scientist
.
Winning
the
prize
was
a
considerable
honor
for
the
young
scientist
.
Same
origin
as
the
primary
sense
;
earlier
meaning
of
“
worthy
of
consideration
”
later
broadened
to
denote
size
or
amount
.
concrete
noun
-
concrete
,
concreting
,
concretes
,
concreted
a
hard
building
material
made
by
mixing
cement
,
sand
,
gravel
,
and
water
,
which
becomes
solid
when
it
dries
•
Workers
poured
wet
concrete
into
the
wooden
frame
to
form
the
foundation
.
Workers
poured
wet
concrete
into
the
wooden
frame
to
form
the
foundation
.
•
After
a
day
of
drying
,
the
driveway's
concrete
was
smooth
and
hard
.
After
a
day
of
drying
,
the
driveway's
concrete
was
smooth
and
hard
.
From
Latin
concretus
“
grown
together
,
hard
,
thick
,”
past
participle
of
concrescere
“
to
grow
together
.”
Originally
an
adjective
in
English
(
16th
c
.);
the
building-material
sense
arose
in
the
19th
c
.
adjective
existing
in
a
real
,
specific
,
and
clearly
seen
or
measured
form
,
not
abstract
•
The
teacher
asked
for
concrete
examples
,
not
vague
theories
.
The
teacher
asked
for
concrete
examples
,
not
vague
theories
.
•
Show
me
some
concrete
proof
before
I
believe
your
story
.
Show
me
some
concrete
proof
before
I
believe
your
story
.
verb
-
concrete
,
concreting
,
concretes
,
concreted
to
cover
or
form
something
with
concrete
,
or
to
become
hard
like
concrete
•
Last
summer
,
builders
concreted
the
footpath
to
make
it
safer
for
pedestrians
.
Last
summer
,
builders
concreted
the
footpath
to
make
it
safer
for
pedestrians
.
•
Over
time
,
the
mixture
will
concrete
and
set
solid
.
Over
time
,
the
mixture
will
concrete
and
set
solid
.
conspiracy
noun
-
conspiracy
,
conspiracies
a
secret
plan
made
by
two
or
more
people
to
do
something
illegal
or
harmful
•
The
reporters
uncovered
a
conspiracy
to
fix
the
election
results
.
The
reporters
uncovered
a
conspiracy
to
fix
the
election
results
.
•
Detectives
pieced
together
clues
that
revealed
a
conspiracy
among
the
bank's
employees
.
Detectives
pieced
together
clues
that
revealed
a
conspiracy
among
the
bank's
employees
.
Late
Middle
English
,
from
Anglo-French
conspiracie
,
from
Latin
conspiratio
‘
agreement
,
union
’,
from
conspirare
‘
to
plot
together
’.
noun
-
conspiracy
,
conspiracies
the
crime
of
agreeing
with
others
to
commit
an
illegal
act
•
The
prosecutor
charged
the
gang
leader
with
conspiracy
to
commit
robbery
.
The
prosecutor
charged
the
gang
leader
with
conspiracy
to
commit
robbery
.
•
Her
lawyer
argued
that
there
was
no
evidence
of
conspiracy
between
the
defendants
.
Her
lawyer
argued
that
there
was
no
evidence
of
conspiracy
between
the
defendants
.
Same
origin
as
Sense
1
;
in
the
14th
century
the
word
developed
a
specific
legal
meaning
for
the
offense
.
confusion
noun
a
feeling
of
not
understanding
something
and
being
unable
to
think
clearly
•
Maya
stared
at
the
complicated
subway
map
in
confusion
.
Maya
stared
at
the
complicated
subway
map
in
confusion
.
•
After
his
nap
,
Tom
blinked
in
confusion
when
he
realized
the
sun
had
already
set
.
After
his
nap
,
Tom
blinked
in
confusion
when
he
realized
the
sun
had
already
set
.
noun
a
state
of
disorder
where
things
are
not
arranged
or
controlled
properly
•
Papers
,
coffee
cups
,
and
cables
lay
everywhere
;
the
office
was
a
scene
of
complete
confusion
.
Papers
,
coffee
cups
,
and
cables
lay
everywhere
;
the
office
was
a
scene
of
complete
confusion
.
•
When
the
storm
knocked
out
the
traffic
lights
,
the
intersection
fell
into
confusion
.
When
the
storm
knocked
out
the
traffic
lights
,
the
intersection
fell
into
confusion
.
noun
a
situation
in
which
one
thing
is
mistaken
for
another
,
or
the
mistake
itself
•
There
was
some
confusion
between
the
identical
twins
at
the
registration
desk
.
There
was
some
confusion
between
the
identical
twins
at
the
registration
desk
.
•
The
similar
drug
names
caused
confusion
about
which
prescription
belonged
to
which
patient
.
The
similar
drug
names
caused
confusion
about
which
prescription
belonged
to
which
patient
.
concerning
preposition
about
or
relating
to
someone
or
something
•
The
principal
spoke
concerning
the
new
school
rules
during
the
assembly
.
The
principal
spoke
concerning
the
new
school
rules
during
the
assembly
.
•
I
have
a
question
concerning
your
latest
invoice
.
I
have
a
question
concerning
your
latest
invoice
.
Derived
from
the
present
participle
of
the
verb
“
concern
,”
first
recorded
in
Middle
English
,
later
developing
a
separate
use
as
a
preposition
meaning
“
regarding
.”
adjective
causing
worry
or
anxiety
;
making
you
feel
uneasy
•
The
rise
in
infections
is
concerning
the
doctors
at
the
hospital
.
The
rise
in
infections
is
concerning
the
doctors
at
the
hospital
.
•
The
child
’
s
sudden
silence
was
concerning
to
her
parents
.
The
child
’
s
sudden
silence
was
concerning
to
her
parents
.
Formed
from
the
participial
adjective
of
the
verb
“
concern
,”
taking
on
the
sense
of
producing
concern
or
worry
in
the
late
19th
century
.
consistently
adverb
in
the
same
way
over
a
period
of
time
,
showing
steady
regularity
•
She
consistently
arrives
at
the
office
five
minutes
early
.
She
consistently
arrives
at
the
office
five
minutes
early
.
•
The
soccer
team
has
consistently
won
its
home
games
this
season
.
The
soccer
team
has
consistently
won
its
home
games
this
season
.
Derived
from
the
adjective
“
consistent
”
+
adverbial
suffix
“
-ly
”;
first
recorded
in
English
in
the
mid-17th
century
.
second
adjective
coming
after
the
first
in
order
or
position
•
She
finished
in
second
place
in
the
spelling
bee
.
She
finished
in
second
place
in
the
spelling
bee
.
•
Turn
left
at
the
second
traffic
light
.
Turn
left
at
the
second
traffic
light
.
adjective
coming
after
the
first
in
order
or
position
•
We
live
on
the
second
floor
of
the
building
.
We
live
on
the
second
floor
of
the
building
.
•
Open
the
book
to
the
second
page
.
Open
the
book
to
the
second
page
.
noun
a
unit
of
time
equal
to
one-sixtieth
of
a
minute
•
The
race
lasted
only
ten
seconds
.
The
race
lasted
only
ten
seconds
.
•
Hold
your
breath
for
thirty
seconds
.
Hold
your
breath
for
thirty
seconds
.
noun
an
extra
helping
of
food
after
the
first
serving
•
The
stew
was
so
tasty
that
I
asked
for
a
second
.
The
stew
was
so
tasty
that
I
asked
for
a
second
.
•
Who
wants
a
second
slice
of
cake
?
Who
wants
a
second
slice
of
cake
?
noun
a
very
short
moment
of
time
•
I
’
ll
be
there
in
a
second
.
I
’
ll
be
there
in
a
second
.
•
Wait
a
second
while
I
grab
my
keys
.
Wait
a
second
while
I
grab
my
keys
.
noun
a
unit
of
time
equal
to
one
sixtieth
of
a
minute
•
Boil
the
egg
for
exactly
sixty
seconds
.
Boil
the
egg
for
exactly
sixty
seconds
.
•
The
sprinter
ran
100
meters
in
under
ten
seconds
.
The
sprinter
ran
100
meters
in
under
ten
seconds
.
noun
a
very
short
moment
of
time
•
Hang
on
a
second
,
I'm
almost
ready
.
Hang
on
a
second
,
I'm
almost
ready
.
•
Do
you
have
a
second
to
talk
?
Do
you
have
a
second
to
talk
?
adverb
used
to
introduce
the
point
that
comes
after
the
first
when
listing
or
explaining
•
First
,
gather
all
the
tools
;
second
,
put
on
safety
gloves
.
First
,
gather
all
the
tools
;
second
,
put
on
safety
gloves
.
•
Second
,
remember
to
greet
the
guests
politely
.
Second
,
remember
to
greet
the
guests
politely
.
noun
an
additional
helping
of
food
after
you
have
finished
the
first
serving
•
The
stew
was
so
tasty
I
went
back
for
seconds
.
The
stew
was
so
tasty
I
went
back
for
seconds
.
•
Who
wants
seconds
of
cake
?
Who
wants
seconds
of
cake
?
verb
to
formally
show
support
for
someone
’
s
proposal
so
it
can
be
discussed
or
voted
on
•
I
second
the
motion
to
approve
the
budget
.
I
second
the
motion
to
approve
the
budget
.
•
Does
anyone
second
her
suggestion
?
Does
anyone
second
her
suggestion
?
verb
to
formally
support
a
suggestion
or
proposal
so
that
it
can
be
discussed
or
voted
on
•
I
second
the
motion
to
adjourn
the
meeting
.
I
second
the
motion
to
adjourn
the
meeting
.
•
Would
anyone
like
to
second
her
proposal
?
Would
anyone
like
to
second
her
proposal
?
noun
a
person
who
assists
and
advises
a
boxer
,
duelist
,
or
similar
competitor
•
The
boxer
’
s
second
cleaned
the
cut
above
his
eye
.
The
boxer
’
s
second
cleaned
the
cut
above
his
eye
.
•
Each
duelist
chose
a
trusted
second
before
the
fight
.
Each
duelist
chose
a
trusted
second
before
the
fight
.
noun
in
music
,
the
interval
between
two
notes
that
are
next
to
each
other
in
pitch
•
The
melody
begins
with
a
rising
second
.
The
melody
begins
with
a
rising
second
.
•
Singing
in
seconds
can
create
tension
in
harmony
.
Singing
in
seconds
can
create
tension
in
harmony
.
seconds
noun
goods
with
minor
defects
that
are
sold
at
a
reduced
price
•
She
bought
the
dishes
cheaply
because
they
were
factory
seconds
.
She
bought
the
dishes
cheaply
because
they
were
factory
seconds
.
•
The
outlet
sells
clothing
seconds
at
bargain
prices
.
The
outlet
sells
clothing
seconds
at
bargain
prices
.
economic
adjective
relating
to
money
,
trade
,
industry
,
and
the
overall
system
of
producing
and
using
goods
and
services
•
The
government
introduced
new
economic
policies
to
reduce
unemployment
.
The
government
introduced
new
economic
policies
to
reduce
unemployment
.
•
Tourism
is
the
island
’
s
main
economic
activity
,
supporting
thousands
of
jobs
.
Tourism
is
the
island
’
s
main
economic
activity
,
supporting
thousands
of
jobs
.
From
French
économique
and
ultimately
from
Ancient
Greek
oikonomikós
,
relating
to
household
management
,
which
broadened
to
the
modern
sense
of
managing
resources
of
a
state
.
adjective
profitable
or
cost-effective
;
bringing
a
good
return
for
the
money
or
effort
spent
•
It
is
not
economic
to
repair
the
old
printer
,
so
the
office
ordered
a
new
one
.
It
is
not
economic
to
repair
the
old
printer
,
so
the
office
ordered
a
new
one
.
•
Running
night
shifts
became
more
economic
after
electricity
prices
fell
.
Running
night
shifts
became
more
economic
after
electricity
prices
fell
.
Developed
from
the
general
sense
of
managing
resources
wisely
,
later
narrowed
in
the
19th
century
to
describe
actions
that
yield
financial
gain
.
economy
noun
-
economy
,
economies
the
system
of
making
,
selling
,
and
using
goods
and
services
in
a
country
or
area
•
The
country's
economy
grew
by
five
percent
last
year
.
The
country's
economy
grew
by
five
percent
last
year
.
•
Tourism
is
vital
to
the
island's
economy
.
Tourism
is
vital
to
the
island's
economy
.
From
Middle
French
économie
,
from
Latin
oeconomia
,
from
Ancient
Greek
oikonomía
“
management
of
a
household
,
administration
,”
from
oîkos
“
house
”
+
némo
“
manage
.”
noun
-
economy
the
practice
of
using
money
,
time
,
or
resources
carefully
so
that
none
is
wasted
•
With
careful
economy
,
the
family
managed
to
save
enough
for
a
vacation
.
With
careful
economy
,
the
family
managed
to
save
enough
for
a
vacation
.
•
The
design
of
the
car
shows
great
economy
of
fuel
.
The
design
of
the
car
shows
great
economy
of
fuel
.
Same
historical
roots
as
the
main
sense
,
but
by
the
late
16th
century
it
was
used
figuratively
for
prudent
management
of
resources
.
adjective
cheap
or
designed
to
cost
less
than
usual
•
We
bought
economy
tickets
to
save
money
on
the
flight
.
We
bought
economy
tickets
to
save
money
on
the
flight
.
•
The
hotel
offers
an
economy
breakfast
option
for
budget
travelers
.
The
hotel
offers
an
economy
breakfast
option
for
budget
travelers
.
Evolved
in
the
early
20th
century
as
an
attributive
use
of
the
noun
,
advertising
products
or
services
aimed
at
cost-conscious
consumers
.
Congress
noun
-
Congress
the
national
law-making
body
of
the
United
States
,
made
up
of
the
Senate
and
the
House
of
Representatives
•
Congress
passed
the
bill
after
weeks
of
debate
.
Congress
passed
the
bill
after
weeks
of
debate
.
•
She
dreamed
of
being
elected
to
Congress
one
day
.
She
dreamed
of
being
elected
to
Congress
one
day
.
Adopted
in
the
late
18th
century
for
the
new
U
.
S
.
legislature
,
following
earlier
colonial
and
revolutionary
congresses
.
economics
noun
the
social
science
that
studies
how
people
,
businesses
,
and
governments
choose
to
use
limited
resources
like
money
,
labor
,
and
land
•
Maria
decided
to
major
in
economics
at
university
because
she
loves
solving
real-world
problems
.
Maria
decided
to
major
in
economics
at
university
because
she
loves
solving
real-world
problems
.
•
Our
high
school
teacher
made
economics
fun
by
letting
us
run
a
mock
store
.
Our
high
school
teacher
made
economics
fun
by
letting
us
run
a
mock
store
.
From
the
Ancient
Greek
oikonomikós
(
relating
to
household
management
)
via
Latin
oeconomicus
and
French
économie
,
originally
referring
to
household
management
before
broadening
to
the
study
of
resources
in
society
.
noun
the
money-related
factors
that
decide
whether
a
plan
,
business
,
or
activity
is
practical
or
profitable
•
The
economics
of
opening
a
café
downtown
just
don't
add
up
right
now
.
The
economics
of
opening
a
café
downtown
just
don't
add
up
right
now
.
•
They
studied
the
economics
of
recycling
plastic
bottles
for
the
project
.
They
studied
the
economics
of
recycling
plastic
bottles
for
the
project
.
Extension
of
the
academic
sense
of
economics
to
practical
monetary
considerations
,
first
recorded
in
the
early
20th
century
.
economist
noun
a
person
who
studies
or
is
an
expert
in
economics
,
especially
how
money
,
markets
,
and
trade
work
•
The
economist
explained
how
rising
interest
rates
could
slow
inflation
.
The
economist
explained
how
rising
interest
rates
could
slow
inflation
.
•
As
an
economist
,
she
spends
her
days
analyzing
data
about
consumer
spending
.
As
an
economist
,
she
spends
her
days
analyzing
data
about
consumer
spending
.
Mid-16th
century
,
from
French
économiste
,
from
économie
“
economy
”,
ultimately
from
Greek
oikonomía
“
household
management
”.
secondary
adjective
coming
after
something
else
in
importance
,
order
,
or
time
;
not
primary
•
The
safety
of
the
hikers
was
more
important
;
the
schedule
was
secondary
.
The
safety
of
the
hikers
was
more
important
;
the
schedule
was
secondary
.
•
When
packing
for
the
trip
,
color
was
secondary
to
comfort
.
When
packing
for
the
trip
,
color
was
secondary
to
comfort
.
adjective
relating
to
the
school
level
for
students
aged
about
11
to
18
,
after
primary
and
before
higher
education
•
After
finishing
primary
school
,
Liam
started
at
the
local
secondary
school
.
After
finishing
primary
school
,
Liam
started
at
the
local
secondary
school
.
•
The
government
increased
funding
for
secondary
education
this
year
.
The
government
increased
funding
for
secondary
education
this
year
.
adjective
happening
as
a
result
of
or
following
an
original
condition
,
disease
,
or
event
•
The
surgeon
warned
that
infection
could
be
secondary
to
the
operation
.
The
surgeon
warned
that
infection
could
be
secondary
to
the
operation
.
•
Her
headaches
were
secondary
to
dehydration
.
Her
headaches
were
secondary
to
dehydration
.
noun
-
secondary
,
secondaries
the
group
of
defensive
players
,
especially
cornerbacks
and
safeties
,
who
defend
against
passes
in
American
football
•
The
team's
secondary
intercepted
two
passes
in
the
first
quarter
.
The
team's
secondary
intercepted
two
passes
in
the
first
quarter
.
•
The
coach
praised
the
secondary
for
tight
coverage
.
The
coach
praised
the
secondary
for
tight
coverage
.